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S-Risk user manual

1. Systemic effects Pseudo risk indices are calculated by route and summed up to an overall pseudo risk index The pseudo risk index is the ratio of dose concentration to the toxicological reference value A pseudo risk index above 1 is considered unacceptable under the Flemish and Brussels policy for contaminated sites As pseudo threshold effects mainly relate to carcinogens a lifelong risk index is calculated Toxicological reference values should be given for each exposure route e Oral route pTDI or pseudo Tolerable Daily Intake mg kg bw d e Inhalation route pTCA or pseudo Tolerable Concentration in Air mg m e Dermal route pTDU or pseudo Tolerable Daily Uptake mg kg bw d The reference value for the dermal route is an absorbed dose as exposure for the dermal route is calculated as an absorbed dose In many cases a separate value for systemic effects by the dermal route is not available a first step is to take the same value as the oral pTDI If the orally absorbed fraction is low then the dermal pTDU is calculated by multiplying the oral pTDI with the orally absorbed fraction More refined estimates can be required in case of route specific metabolism The lifelong pseudo risk index is calculated by averaging over all age classes It is possible to specify toxicological reference values for three age classes 1 2 and 3 This is done by selecting the appropriate age ranges for each age class in the age class age ranges tab
2. Figure 17 Figure 18 Figure 19 Figure 20 Figure 21 Figure 22 Figure 23 Figure 24 Figure 25 Figure 26 List of Figures FIGURES TAES REKIJOEN Ae oe adores sethccuninnign titanate EE EE 2 Error message in case of exceeding maximum number of simultaneous sessions 3 Error message in case of wrong username or password ssesssssresesrresesreeesrreresrereserereseerese 3 S RISKk USER MENACE oeren ne TE tw onsaadunanceeasaysaiancssoeaainenineaenauceeaisenivenavenes 4 ACCOUNt Settings MeNUseraieprirei ara vereatons 5 Proe OE IMEI E E EER 5 Overview of existing simulations sssessssssseesesreresrressrrerererrrsrreresrrressreroserresereresrereserersseerese 6 WAON OVE E Weera E E E EE N E E E EEE 7 Menu for managing the data during a simulation esssssssseseseseserrererrrrsssreresrrerssreresereeeseerese 8 Starine a NEw SMU OM ee AET 8 TOE DE e en nee ene ee one eee 10 SCOMANO Ta Al WICK A E ET E A A 12 SCE VO CRU USD E E EE E E E P E E EE 13 ume pattern tapie ase ctecns dscracwactiednuwaduncsdesataceaeddimmesqaatecensackensteentudaurateenasmnasiedsevedsantdeastarousidune 14 Ingestion rates table for land uses with continuous eXpOSuUreE esssssseesesreesesreresrrreerrerese 15 Ingestion rates table for land uses with intermittent exposure sssessssesreesesreresrreserreress 15 Activity based weight factors for inhalation ccccccccsseccccessececeeseceeceeeceseesecesseaeceeseees 16 chenn cab t
3. soil solution It is necessary that a selection is made for each plant or at least plant type Inorganic chemicals To modify the plant transfer properties for inorganic chemicals you first select the chemical for which you want to modify the data and then indicate for each plant plant type whether you want to fill in modify the data at plant type or plant level planttype plant box in the menu You can then specify the data in the Formula to be used in calculations for this chemical and planttype plant menu Figure 29 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations BCF Formulas Chemical Plantype Plant MyCadmium 7 a Display formula tor planthype Potatoes A Display formula for plant Potato Formula to be used in calculations for this chemical and plantype plant No BCF or concentration formula to be used BCF logi BCF log Soil conc log Fe log Ptot log Al pH KCI log OM loqiconc plant log Soil conc log Fe log Ptot log Alp pH KC log OM BCP unit for inorganic chemicals is equal to kg soil dm kg plant dm OK Cancel Figure 29 Menu for BCF formulas for inorganic chemicals For inorganic chemicals it is required to fill in a BCF either at plant level or at plant type level The model has no equations to estimate the BCF value As an example from Figure 29 the plant type potatoes has no BCF as indicated by the marked radio
4. template Details with regard to each of the fields in the chemical tab are given under Adding a new chemical 4 2 3 ADDING A NEW CHEMICAL If you want to add a new chemical you can select the Blank chemical from the bottom of the drop down menu and add it to the simulation using the Add button This can be done under Tier 1 The chemical tab will show empty fields for this blank chemical To fill in these fields you need to go to Tier 2 and customize the chemical as specified under Modifying a chemical e CAS n optional field e Organic by default the blank chemical type is inorganic for organic chemicals you should select the organic check box CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations e M molecular mass Parameters requirements differ by type of chemical inorganic organic Data requirements specific for inorganic chemicals S solubility in water at temperature T_s e required e for inorganic chemicals the solubility is generally set at a very high value e g 1 10 mg l The model automatically limits the calculated soil pore water concentration to the solubility In case of a low solubility this would overrule the K concept for inorganic chemicals P vapour pressure at temperature T_p H Henry s law coefficient at T_h required This value will generally be O except for volatile inorganic chemicals K_d sorption coefficient soil water required a soil sorption coefficient ca
5. 0 17 8 the specific surface area of aerosol particles m m 1 1 x 10 urban areas Do T the subcooled liquid vapour pressure at ambient temperature T Pa For compounds that are liquids at ambient temperature the subcooled liquid vapour pressure is equal to the normal liquid vapour pressure at ambient temperature We therefore use the chemical specific vapour pressure Chemicals tab instead of the subcooled liquid vapour pressure to calculate the distribution over gas phase and particle phase The filled in concentrations will be used to overwrite model predictions gt Soil air You can overwrite the predicted concentrations in soil air by filling in a value in the soil air field If you have activated the option of a separate concentration profile for indoor vapour intrusion in the soil concentrations panel you will be able here to fill in a separate soil air concentration for vapour intrusion as well You need to fill in the depth at which the soil air concentration was measured as well When you enter a measured soil air concentration this value will be the only value that is used in the volatilization calculations It will replace all of the layer dependent predicted concentrations Crawl space basement air If you have a measured concentration in crawl space or basement air you can fill in this value on the concentrations tab Attention There is still a bug in the model that allows you to enter a concent
6. 2 ORAL EXPOSURE RELATIVE BIOAVAILABILITY The calculations allow to take into account differences in relative bioavailability of chemicals when present in soil indoor settled dust or water compared to the oral bioavailability corresponding with the toxicological threshold At present values are set at 1 by default meaning that differences in bioavailability are not accounted for It is recommended not to change the values for soil and dust at the generic level if this is not supported yet by policy You could change the values at a higher level assessment if you have site specific information that justifies values lower than 1 The relative bioavailability from water could be higher than 1 Changing this value is only appropriate if well documented from toxicity and toxicodynamic studies 4 10 3 ADJUST AGE SPECIFIC WEIGHT FACTORS Age specific weight factors for inhalation can only be modified at Tier 2 These factors represent corrections that take into account physiological differences in children such as the higher ventilation rate on a body weight basis compared to adults which could impact inhalation exposure of children They should only be modified if you have good scientific information based on the type of toxic action If you would have toxicological values for inhalation Risk tab that take into account children s sensitivity you should consider whether the age specific weight factors can be set at 1 for these age catego
7. 2 61yrs Samet Figure 17 Activity based weight factors for inhalation 4 2 CHEMICAL TAB The Chemical tab allows to a add one of the default built in chemicals from the drop down list to the simulation b customize a built in chemical Tier 2 c add a new chemical Tier 2 4 2 1 ADDING DEFAULT CHEMICALS A database of built in chemicals is provided with S Risk This list contains the chemicals for which Flemish soil remediation values are available as well as a limited number of other chemicals that have been part of documents in preparation of soil remediation values e g chromium VI organic and elemental mercury and total petroleum hydrocarbon fractions Chemical substances can be added using the drop down menu and clicking the Add button Figure 18 More than one chemical can be selected by repeatedly selecting a chemical and clicking the Add button The full list of added chemicals will be shown in the list on top of the tab Chemicals can be removed from the simulation by selecting the chemical in the list and clicking the Delete button at the bottom of the tab CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair iIndoorair Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk Concentration limits Results Graph Switch to Tier 2 1 1 1 Trichloroethane v Add Arsenic General Name Arsenic CAS n 7784 42 1 Type Base Y pKa Properties M g mo
8. 3 DRINKING WATER EXPOSURE FACTORS The drinking water exposure factors can only be modified at Tier 2 fraction of groundwater used as drinking e Cannot be modified here can be modified water in the Scenario tab CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations fraction of water consumption coming from Land use specific default site Can vary between 0 and 1 and relates to the fraction of total drinking water consumption of an individual that is from site water the fraction is set lt 1 if e g time spent on site is much less than in residential situations cfr Industrial land use May be modified for specific land uses Drinking water consumption can be modified at Tier 2 by clicking the Water consumption rates button Age specific values are shown Figure 22 It is recommended not to change these values without good justification Water Consumption Water Consumption Iday 1 3yrsS 3 0E 1 3 yTS 3 13E 1 6 lt 10yrs 3 61E 1 10 lt 15yrs 6 49E 1 15 lt 2 1yTs 9 99E 1 21 lt 31y1s 1 759E0 31 lt 41yrs 2 23 1E0 47 lt 51y1s 2 199E0 51 61yrs 1 798E0 gt 61yrs 1 59E0 OK Cancel Figure 22 Water consumption table editable at Tier 2 4 5 OUTDOOR AIR TAB Detailed information with regard to outdoor air should be looked at if there is potential outdoor air exposure either due to volatilization or to soil resuspension Soil resuspension should also be looked in view of the indoor inhalation exposure p
9. 50 Depth of the basement floor below soil surface m 2 Volume of the basement m 100 Thickness of the walls m 0 15 Surface area of the basement walls m7 60 E Figure 24 Indoor air tab at Tier 1 At Tier 2 some more parameters related to vapour intrusion become editable In addition the parameter related to the prediction of the indoor settled dust concentration the concentration on indoor soil related PMi and the bathroom air concentration due to evaporation during showering become editable Figure 25 In addition a button Time patterns bathing and showering will become visible CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Switch to Tier 1 Building Building type basement T State of floor gaps and holes Volume of the indoor space sale Basic air exchange rate for indoor space 1 d E Thickness of the floor im Surface area of the floor my Fractions of openings in floor mim Number of openings per floor area 1m Depth of the basement floor below soil Surface im Volume of the basement nr Air permeability of the basement wall im Air filled porosity of the basement wall Thickness of the walls m Surface area of the basement walls m Bufferspace mi Fraction of soil in indoor dust Enrichment factor from soil to indoor dust on Indoor PM10 Ratio between PM10 indoorloutdoor 1 JR Bathroom air Volume of the bathroom rm Volu
10. Parameters at Tier 2 require site specific information that is not always available The values can be measured or estimated The appendix of the technical guidance document provides some information on how these parameters could be estimated from more readily available soil information K_v soil air permeability Default values for the soil type can be used Technical guidance document provides information on how to calculate values Important for Vapour intrusion calculations Used for BCF plant uptake calculations of inorganic chemicals if a slope is filled in at the BCF relation plant tab If so then a site specific value should be P_tot content O_a volumetric air content 8 w volumetric water content 8 s soil porosity p_s soil bulk density CEC cation exchange capacity O_wcz water content in the capillary zone L_cz thickness of the capillary zone 4 4 WATER TAB The water tab Figure 21 allows you to CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Used for BCF plant uptake calculations of inorganic chemicals if a slope is filled in at the BCF relation plant tab arsenic in chemical database Refers to reactive Fe determined by oxalate extraction If relevant a site specific value should be used Used for BCF plant uptake calculations of inorganic chemicals if a slope is filled in at the BCF relation plant tab arsenic in chemical database If so then a site specific value s
11. UR 1 mgm Dermal SF 7 mgikg bw d Local effects Oral pTO mgiikg bwd Inhalation pT mgim Dermal pTDU mg ikg bwd Local effects Oral TDI mg ikg bwd Inhalaton TCA mgm Dermal TOU mgi kg bwd inhalation inhalation inhalation Figure 42 The risk tab in Tier 2 The tab distinguishes between three categories of effects for which the toxicological reference values can be filled in e Threshold effects health effects for which a threshold exists CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations e Non threshold effects health effects for which no threshold exists as is the case for e g genotoxic carcinogens e Pseudo threshold effects health effects generally carcinogenic that cannot be classified under the two categories above Examples are carcinogens for which no slope factor was derived but a pseudo threshold value compounds such as the genotoxic carcinogen benzo a pyrene that has a tolerable concentration in air in the database derived from the general background instead of using the slope factor For each of these three categories two options related to the type of endpoints are available e Systemic effects the critical endpoint is a systemic effect meaning that the effects occur at a site in the body at a distant from the site of entry respiratory airways digestive tract or skin Exposure is combined across the three routes taking into account differences in potency or bioavailability by route The ris
12. button described above three other buttons are visible Copy selected simulation na This button allows you to copy or clone an existing simulation You will need to specify a new simulation name label and description in the Simulation summary panel after which a new simulation will be created with the same parameter values of the cloned simulation If the application type is changed parameter values can however be reset as explained above under the discussion of the application types Modify selected simulation You can modify the name label and description as well as the application type of the simulation that is currently selected in the Available simulations panel Delete selected simulation Ld CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations This button will delete the currently selected simulation A confirmation screen will appear before the effective removal of the simulation will take place NOTE the full configuration of the simulation will be removed from S Risk so be careful with this button 3 4 MODIFYING MODEL PARAMETERS Model parameters can be modified in the tabs on the Model inputs amp outputs panel If there is not enough space to show all tabs little arrows will appear at the left side of the tabs Figure 11 Figure 11 Scrolling tabs When you click the left arrow the tabs will move to the left When you click the right arrow the tabs will move to the right The defa
13. differentiated reference values are available they can be used If more than one age class is defined the excess cancer risk will be shown for these age classes and for lifelong exposure It should be noted that the calculation of inhalation risk already considers age dependent factors weighting the concentrations based on dosimetry as can be accessed through the Exposure tab under the age specific weight factors Age dependent differences in the Risk tab for all routes should therefore generally reflect potency and bioavailaibility differences and not intake differences It could therefore be advisable to evaluate the age dependent weight factors and the toxicological reference values together for the inhalation route Local effects Excess lifelong cancer risks are calculated for the oral and inhalation route It is not possible to have a cancer risk calculated for local effects by the dermal route as the dermal dose is calculated as an absorbed dose in the model If local dermal effects are critical the user should perform additional calculations outside S Risk by using intermediate results Toxicological reference values for local effects should be given for the oral and or inhalation route depending on whether local effects occur by both or only one route Options for age classes and the type of toxicological reference values oral inhalation are the same as under non threshold systemic effects 4 11 3 PSEUDO THRESHOLD EFFECTS
14. e In applications II amp Ill the buffer space is 0 10 m Although this parameter is visible and can be adjusted altering its value would require a very solid justification It is unlikely that any change in the bufferspace would be accepted in regular risk assessments IMPORTANT in S Risk versions before 1 0 10 the buffer space was set to 0 05 m for applications II and Ill When the application type for such older pre 1 0 10 simulations is changed the buffer space parameter is adjusted too to the new value 0 10 m for applications II and Ill If the application type is not changed for a pre 1 0 10 simulation the old buffer space value remains unchanged 0 05 m for applications Il and III just as described earlier for the other parameters Adjusting the buffer space can only be justified if a generic soil remediation value has been calculated with Application default buffer space 0 75 m To evaluate the contribution of exposure routes and exposure pathways an Application II simulation can then be run with the buffer space value adjusted to 0 75 m CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations CHAPTER 4 APPLICATION II SIMULATIONS Guidance with regard to the set up of an application II simulation follows the order of the tabs as they appear on the S Risk panel Model inputs amp outputs In case of a new simulation only the Scenario Chemical and Soil tab will be available for modification Once these are filled in the
15. eue Cow meat concentration mg kg fw WyCadmium Cow liver concentration mak 1 3 Dichlorobenzene l n mkg tw Cow kidney concentration rag kg fw Cow milk concentration ma kg fw Sheep meat concentration ma kg tw Butter concentration mg kg fw Chicken egg concentration ma kg fw Figure 39 Entering concentrations in animal products Tier 2 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations 4 9 4 ENTERING ANIMAL RELATED CONCENTRATIONS The panel called Animal related concentrations will have accessible fields when you have a newly defined or customized chemical The animal related concentrations are only relevant if you want to calculate exposure through animal products and or chicken eggs By default they are set at 0 meaning that only local exposure of cattle is accounted for The concentrations relate to background concentrations that are used for the fraction of the feed that is not from local origin The concentrate concentration cattle and feed concentration chicken is always used as concentrate and feed is never considered to be of local origin The concentration in other water is used if you have specified that not all water for cattle chicken is groundwater or supply water i e the sum of the fractions of groundwater and supply water is smaller than 1 4 10 EXPOSURE TAB Exposures calculated are daily except food and yearly averages For dietary exposure only yearly averages are calculated as the consumpt
16. kg d 10 lt 15 y mgikg dhB 47E5 15 lt 24 y mgkg d 7 42E 5 O 24 lt 31 y mg kg 31 lt 44 y mgkg 44 lt 51 y mgg TOES 54 lt 64 y mg kg 61y makad Bss Oral exposure relative bioavailability RBAsoil T060 Read LEO Beater LED C dS Inhalation exposure Adjust age specific weight factors o Kp em h 1 87E 1 use model ABSdermal soil dust 4 Sd FAQ 10600 Bt 1 1962556148891617 t event h event 2 524407 7 OS87 ra tsc d Background concentrations Drinking water mg m Outdoor air mg m Indoor air mg m Beef mg kg Organ meat mg kg Milk mg kg Butter mg kg Eggs mg kg Sd Potatoes mg kg Root amp tuberous plants mg kg fa 0 Bulbous plants mol kg Pa Fruit vegetables mg kg Tw Cabbages mg kg fa Leafy vegetables mo kg Pa Leguminous vegetables mg kg fa 0 Figure 40 Exposure tab at Tier 2 4 10 1 BACKGROUND EXPOSURE VIA FOOD Background exposure via food requires age dependent values If you have such values available you can enter them here In many cases however there is only information available for adults or for a limited number of age categories In that case the age dependent background exposure from diet excluding drinking water for adults can be used to estimate background exposure at other ages by multiplying the adult intake mg kg d with following relative ratios CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations 4 10
17. other tabs will become active In case of the modification of an existing simulation all tabs will be available once the simulation is selected copied or edited 4 1 SCENARIO TAB 4 1 1 TIER 1 A drop down list is available to select the appropriate land use type for your simulation Figure 12 Once selected the land use box will show the associated exposure pathways grouped by exposure route The menu choices represent a number of default land use types with fixed parameter values Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animais Concentrations Exposure Risk Concentration limits Results Graph Switch to Tier 2 Default land uses Agricultural v mLand use Name Agricultural Oral exposure route Dermal exposure route Intake via soil and dust Absorption from soil and dust intake via locally produced vegetables Absorption from water Intake via locally produced meat and milk ea a ae ee Inhalation exposure route MaKe Via IOCa DTOQUC er Intake via groundwater or drinking water intake via outa Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water 0 intake via indoor ait take via bathroom air Figure 12 Scenario tab at Tier 1 4 1 2 TIER 2 Under Tier 2 it is possible to modify the default land uses Figure 13 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations rs Scen io Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair Indoorair Plants Animals Concentrations Exposu
18. the field and modifying the value Figure 19 organic matter pH KCI and clay content Although these parameters have default values in the database they are considered as required site specific information organic matter Required site specific The organic carbon content is automatically calculated from the organic matter content CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations re e Used for calculation of distribution in soil e Required site specific e Soil pH should be filled in as a pH KCl measurement the model automatically converts the value to pH CaCl inorganic chemicals or pH H O dissociating organic chemicals Parameter only important for inorganic chemicals if the Ky relation and or BCF relation has a slope for pH CaCl and for organic dissociating chemicals Required site specific Should be consistent with the soil type chosen due to its impact on choice of other soil properties Used for K BCF calculations of inorganic chemicals if the relation has a slope factor for clay content When soil properties deviate significantly from the values in the default database it is recommended to switch to Tier 2 Modifying soil properties at Tier 2 Additional soil properties can be modified at Tier 2 by selecting the appropriate layer and clicking the Customize button at the bottom of the tab Figure 20 First you should rename the soil type for the layer by typing a name in the Name field
19. the model using chemical specific properties Kow Koa H and plant properties see plant characteristics The information behind this summary table can for a customized or newly added chemical be accessed under Tier 2 by clicking the BCF formulas button For a default chemical the information can only be viewed At Tier 2 also the button Plant characteristics becomes visible Figure 27 Switch to Tier 1 Choose chemical 41 1 1 Trichloroethane2 r MyCadmium 1 4 Dichlorobenzene Volumetric washout factor for particles 500 000 a metabolism 1 d 0 0E0 a photodegradation 1 d 0 0E0 BCF Formulas Plant characteristics Method for plant concentration calculation o No calculation possible Calculation using plant BCF Calculation using plant type BCF Calculation using chemical and plant properties Potatoes Root and tuberous Root and tuberous Root and tuberous Bulbous plants Bulbous plants Fruit vegetables Fruit vegetables Fruit vegetables Cabbages Cabbages Cabbages Leafy vegetables Leafy vegetables Leafy vegetables Leafy vegetables Leafy vegetables Leafy vegetables Potato Carrot Scorzonera and parsnip Other root vegetables as radish Bulbous vegetables as onion Leek Tomato Cucumber Other fruit vegetables as paprika Cabbage Cauliflower and broccoli Brussels sprouts Lettuce Lambs lettuce Endive Spinach Chicory Celery Figure 2
20. transfer calculations and vapour intrusion calculations Groundwater concentration If you have chosen the option to fill in a groundwater concentration Migration to groundwater the field to enter a concentration in the Groundwater concentration panel will be editable If you have chosen to have the groundwater concentration calculated by the model the field will be disabled 4 9 2 ENTERING PATHWAY SPECIFIC SOIL CONCENTRATIONS If you would have soil concentrations that are different from the overall soil profile data and that are linked to specific exposure pathways these concentrations can be entered in the panel Pathway specific soil concentrations To do so activate the checkbox at the right of the corresponding soil concentration to enable the concentration field You can then enter the soil concentration Figure 36 Pathway specific soil concentrations Soil contact amp resuspension mg kg dim Soil drinking water mg kg dm Saoil plants movkg dim Soil animals mg kg dim Figure 36 Entering pathway specific soil concentrations The pathway specific soil concentrations are used as follows e Soil contact and resuspension concentration to be used for soil ingestion dermal contact with soil and soil resuspension including subsequent transfer to the indoor environment e Soil drinking water concentration to be used to calculate the permeation through supply water pipes the pr
21. transfer factors and the dermal permeability coefficient if the calculation option is chosen for the parameters K_oa distribution coefficient octanol air Optional If no value is filled in Kaa is calculated from Kow and the Henry s law coefficient Koa Is used in plant transfer calculations CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations D_pe permeation coefficient through D_pe Required polyethylene these values are used to calculate the permeation diffusion through supply D_pvc permeation coefficient through PVC water pipes D_a diffusion coefficient in air optional these values are used to calculate diffusion parameters related to evaporation to ambient air and vapour intrusion into buildings if no value is filled in the values are calculated from molecular mass D_w diffusion coefficient in water 4 3 SOILTAB The soil tab allows you to a define the soil profile and b specify the properties for the unsaturated soil layers When accessing the Soil tab for a new simulation a default soil profile consisting of a single unsaturated layer and a groundwater table at 3 m depth will be visible defaults of application as shown in Figure 19 for Tier 1 and in Figure 20 for Tier 2 When accessing the Soil tab under an existing simulation the soil profile entered will be visible Selecting a soil layer by clicking on it shows the parameters of that soil layer CHAPTER 4 Application II simulation
22. vary until the optimization procedure is finalized The Concentrations tab still allows you to fill in pathway specific soil concentrations and concentrations in transfer media We recommend to consider these vary carefully in case of application III simulations If concentrations are filled in here the pathway calculations will not change during optimization i e the concentrations or exposures will remain constant which could give undesirable results 5 2 RESULTS TAB After entering the data for you simulation calculations will be possible You can start calculations by clicking the Calculate remediation objectives amp report results button on the Results tab similar to what you do under Application Il The report will now not generate risks or concentration indices but will for each specified criterion report the soil concentration at which the criterion is met The criterions are e Exposure and threshold effects or pseudo threshold effects the risk index equals 1 or the ratio of total exposure to tolerable intake equals 1 e Exposure and non threshold effects the excess cancer risk equals 1 10 e Concentrations in transfer media the concentration index equals 1 or the ratio between concentration and concentration limit equals 1 Just like under Application Il you can consult an online result summary of your simulation in Application Ill Only here the Main results section gives an overview of the lo
23. 0 Background concentration in maize mg kg dm b DED Concentrate concentration mg kg dm lo EO Feed mixture concentration mg kg dm n Other water concentration mg m DEO 7a Optimization citeria The Site specific Risk Assessment application doesn t need any optimization criteria Figure 34 Concentrations tab at Tier 2 4 9 1 ENTERING SOIL AND GROUNDWATER CONCENTRATIONS Soil profile The soil concentrations corresponding to the layers defined in the Soil tab can be entered in the Soil concentrations panel A table will be visible indicating the layers entered and their corresponding depth Clicking the fields under the mg kg heading will allow you to enter the concentrations The Soil concentrations panel has a checkbox providing the possibility to Enable separate profile for indoor vapour intrusion This option can be used to enter different concentrations for the ambient transfer calculations and the vapour intrusion pathways The soil type profile is equal for outdoor and indoor but you will be able to enter a separate concentration profile for indoor vapour intrusion calculations Figure 35 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Switch to Tier 1 1 1 1 Trichloroethane a MyCadmium 41 3 Dichlorobenzene Soil concentrations Enable separate profile for indoor vapour intrusion depth mii kag migy kag Generic soil layer 0 1 0E0 12E1 Figure 35 Entering separate concentration profiles for outdoor
24. 0E0 0 0E0 0 0E0 2 5E1 2 5E1 2 5E1 2 5E1 2 5E1 2 5E1 0 0E0 0 0E0 0 0E0 0 0E0 2 0E 1 2 0E 1 2 OE 1 2 0E 1 2 0E 1 2 OE 1 OK Cancel Figure 15 Ingestion rates table for land uses with continuous exposure Ingestion Rates IR soil hourly mg h IR dust hourly mg h 1 3yTs 3 5yTS 6 10yrs 10 15yrs 15 2 1yrs 2 1 lt 31yrs 21 lt 41y1Ts 41 lt 51y1rs 1 lt 61yrs 61yTs 2 6E1 2 0E1 1 361 1 11 9 0E0 5 0E0 5 0E0 5 0E0 5 0E0 5 0E0 4 DEO 3 0E0 2 0E0 2 0E0 2 0E0 1 8E0 1 8E0 1 8E0 1 8E0 1 8E0 OK Cancel Figure 16 Ingestion rates table for land uses with intermittent exposure Inhalation weight factors Inhalation exposure and corresponding risk are calculated as time weighted concentrations To account for differences in inhalation rate by activity inhalation weight factors are used These can be modified by clicking the Inhalation weight factors button Figure 17 The weight factors express the ratio of the inhalation rate at the activity level compared to the inhalation rate at normal activity i e inhalation rates for residential scenarios The influence of age on inhalation is taken into account in a different weight factor present under the Exposure tab CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Inhalation weight factors 1 lt Syrs 1 2 6yrs 1 6 lt 10yrs 1 10 lt 15yrs 1 15 lt 21 yrs 1 21 lt 31yrs 1 31 lt 41 yrs 1 41 lt 51yrs 1 1 lt 61yrs 1 1
25. 7 Plants tab at Tier 2 with customized chemical selected indicating the BCF formulas and Plant characteristics buttons 4 7 1 MODIFYING PLANT TRANSFER PROPERTIES TIER 2 Organic chemicals To modify the plant transfer properties for organic chemicals you first select the chemical for which you want to modify the data and then indicate for each plant plant type whether you want to fill in modify the data at plant type or plant level planttype plant box in the menu You can then specify the data in the Formula to be used in calculations for this chemical and planttype plant menu Figure 28 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations BCF Formulas Chemical Flanttype Plant 4 4 4 Trichloroethane iw Display formula for planttype Display formula for plant Potato Fomula to be used in calculations for this chemical and plantype plant No BCF or concentration formula to be used BCF BCF unit for organic chemicals is equal to mg kg dm mgm L Cancel Figure 28 Menu for BCF formulas for organic chemicals There are two options for organic chemicals e No BCF or concentration formula to be used if you select this option the concentration in the plant for that plant or plant type will be calculated by the model using chemical and plant properties e BCF if you have a BCF value for the plant or plant type you can fill the value in note that the units are mg kg dm in the plant per mg m
26. 9 Concentrations tab 4 9 1 Entering soil and groundwater concentrations 4 9 2 Entering pathway specific soil concentrations 4 9 3 Entering concentrations in transfer media 4 9 4 Entering animal related concentrations 4 10 Exposure tab 4 10 1 Background exposure via food 4 10 2 Oral exposure relative bioavailability 4 10 3 Adjust age specific weight factors 4 10 4 Dermal exposure parameters 4 10 5 Background concentrations 4 11 Risk tab 4 11 1 Threshold effects 4 11 2 Non threshold effects 4 11 3 Pseudo threshold effects 4 11 4 Default choice 4 12 Concentration limits tab 4 13 Results tab Table of Contents 27 28 29 31 32 37 38 40 42 44 44 48 48 49 50 51 55 55 56 57 57 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 63 64 Table of Contents 4 14 Graph tab CHAPTER 5 Application III simulations 5 1 5 2 5 3 Concentrations tab Results tab Graph tab CHAPTER6 Application I simulations 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 6 7 Scenario tab Chemical tab Soil tab Water outdoor air and indoor air tab Plants Animals concentrations Exposure Risk and Concentration limits tab Results tab Graph tab 66 68 68 69 69 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 71 LIST OF Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Figure 15 Figure 16
27. Calculate risks amp report results Include result summary y include result details amp Figure 46 Simulation results downloadable from Results tab You can customize the extended report to include result summary and or result details sections in the report The result summary includes the main risk index and concentration index results and a summary of exposure results per pathway The result details section adds further detailed intermediary calculation and exposure results In any case every report generated is intended to be complete so that it is possible to exactly reproduce calculations based on the report it is not possible to download a report with the simulation input values only Besides downloading result reports you can also consult an online result summary of your simulations Figure 47 An overview of the highest RI ExCR pRI and or Cl calculated per chemical can be found in the Main results section Information with regard to the chosen land use type considered exposure routes these are marked in green site characteristics added soil layers and concentrations is summarized in the Conceptual site model section Next results per chemical i e risk indexes concentration indexes an exposure overview and local vs background exposure are CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations shown An overview of the parameters you have modified in your simulation can be consulted in the List of user modified param
28. Distribution General vito vision on technology S Risk user manual C Cornelis A Standaert B Daniels T Fierens 4 November 2015 VITO NV Boeretang 200 2400 MOL BELGIUM VAT BE 0244 195 916 RPR Turnhout Tel 32 14 33 55 11 Fax 32 14 33 55 99 Bank 435 4508191 02 KBC Brussel vito vito be www vito be BE32 4354 5081 9102 IBAN KREDBEBB BIC All rights amongst which the copyright on the materials described in this document rest with the Flemish Institute for Technological Research NV VITO Boeretang 200 BE 2400 Mol Register of Legal Entities VAT BE 0244 195 916 The information provided in this document is confidential information of VITO This document may not be reproduced or brought into circulation without the prior written consent of VITO Without prior permission in writing from VITO this document may not be used in whole or in part for the lodging of claims for conducting proceedings for publicity and or for the benefit or acquisition in a more general sense REVISIONS Date 25 02 2014 04 11 2015 Revisions Modification 4 6 1 last paragraph before title Tier 1 explanation added on the difference between the options gaps and holes and intact floor 4 6 1 Tier 2 information added in parameter table on what is represented by the default values related to floor and wall quality Correction of typing errors and inconsistencies Update of para
29. E o E o E a EE o on gt 61yrs OK Cancel Figure 14 Time pattern table Following parameters can be modified e Time sleeping e Time awake inside e Time outside e Exposure frequency in days per week e Exposure frequency in weeks per year Soil and dust ingestion rates Soil and dust ingestion rates are age and activity dependent and can be modified by clicking the Soil amp dust ingestion rates button In case of scenarios with continuous exposures agricultural residential holiday resort industrial a table will appear showing a daily ingestion rate IR of soil and dust and a fraction of soil in ingestion Figure 15 The fraction of soil in ingestion distributes the total ingestion rate over outside soil and inside settled dust The distribution over soil and settled dust is therefore independent of the time spent outside inside In case of scenarios with intermittent exposures day recreation sport a table will appear showing hourly soil ingestion and hourly dust ingestion rates Figure 16 The ingestion of outdoor soil and of indoor settled dust on a daily basis is therefore dependent upon the time spent outside inside We recommend not to change these values CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Ingestion Rates IR soil dust daily maid Fraction soil 1 lt 3y1S 2 6 YTS 6 lt 10yrs 10 lt 15yrs 15 lt 2 197s 21 lt 31yTs 31 lt 41yTs 41 lt 51yrs 91 lt 67yTs 61yrs 0 0E0 0
30. aD Ot WUC e E E S 17 SOM CAO at e D a E E E E NE E E E E turucsutes 21 SONTO OT 2 ea A E E E E E econo 22 WITO a TE a E can noreidevicss 26 Water consumption table editable at Tier 2 00 cccccccsssecccessececeeseceeeeeseceeeeeceeeeneceesenes 29 Ourdoor alr PaE TICK 2 e E E E E S 30 Maor ale Fala at TSE A EEA EE A A E E 31 ndoorar tabat TIEN 2 sereen eranen E E E E EEN 32 Plants tab at Tier 1 with customized chemical selected cccssseeseecceeceeseeeseeeeeeeeeeeees 39 Figure 27 Plants tab at Tier 2 with customized chemical selected indicating the BCF formulas and Plantcharacteristics DUTTON S creses ER N 40 Figure 28 Menu for BCF formulas for organic chemicals ssssssssesssrenssrreresrrrsssreresrrererreresrrerssrerese 41 List of Figures Figure 29 Figure 30 Figure 31 Figure 32 Figure 33 Figure 34 Figure 35 Menu for BCF formulas for inorganic chemicals ccccceesececcesecceceseceeeeeceseeeeceeseneeeeees 42 Plant characteristics table Tier 2 ccccccccccsssseccceeeesseccceseeseccceeeeeeeeceesueeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeas 43 AMMAS CaO Al TICK Toer 45 Animal parameters on Animals tab at Tier 2 ccccccssseccccessececesececeesececeensceeeensecetaeneses 46 Feed intake table on Animals tab at Tier 2 ccccccccccsssssseeccceecseaeeeseeecceeesseaaeseeseeeeeesaaas 47 Concentrations tab at er 2 vcivessassweectmsaeseadusiaxeeressidtaresaavectenaedsuieasawieaoraitersauniamanrdadun 49 En
31. action for winter diet Local fraction of pasture grass Local fraction of silage grass Local fraction of maize f summer winter summer winter summer winter Fraction of groundwater consumed On a1 G G G Fraction of supply water consumed obo do o G b G o C o Go 1 4 Dichlorobenzene Cow meat BTF mg kg fwyimgid Use model Cow liver BTF ma kg fwimgid Use model Cow kidney BTF mg kg vmod Use model Cow milk BTF mg kg imaia Use model Sheep meat BTF mg kg fwv maid luse model Chicken soil to egg BTF ma kg fwii mag d Sd Chicken feed to egg BTF ma kg fwy maid od Figure 31 Animals tab at Tier 1 Tier 2 At Tier 2 all feed fields will become editable and an additional button Animal intake data will appear on the Animals tab Figure 32 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Switch to Tier 1 Animal Intake Data Chicken Free range chickens Fraction of groundwater 10 5 Fraction of supply water 0 Fraction of other water 05 Cattle f Beef cattle Milk cattle Time fraction for winter diet 0 54 Local fraction of pasture grass 4 Local fraction of silage grass l4 Local fraction of maize 4 summer winter summer winter summer winter Fraction of groundwater consumed 4 Sal Ga i Ga Gg Frac
32. ater pipe through the contaminated area and the supply water pipe material Permeation will be calculated if the pipe material is polyethylene PE or PVC If the CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations material is other permeation is considered to be zero and the choice of any of the other parameter values is irrelevant depth of supply water pipe Site specific Will link automatically to the concentration in the corresponding soil layer except if a specific soil concentration for permeation is filled in later on in the latter case only soil properties will be taken from the corresponding layer total pipe length through contaminated area Site specific If the representative concentration for supply water pipe deviates from the concentration in the soil profile a specific value can be filled in at the Concentrations tab supply water pipe material Site specific Choice between PE PVC or other If PE or PVC permeation will be calculated using the permeation coefficient if other then permeation will be zero Tier 2 At Tier 2 three additional parameters become editable They should only be modified if site specific information is available internal radius of the supply water pipe e Default value may be modified thickness of the wall of the supply water pipe e Default value may be modified daily supply water use e Default may be modified e Default corresponds to average water use for a residence 4 4
33. athway through suspended particles The Outdoor air tab Figure 23 allows to specify a number of parameters for a dilution in ambient air and b soil resuspension Concentrations in outdoor air due to volatilization are calculated for each specified soil layer and for the groundwater layer The soil concentration for each layer is assigned to the top of that layer to calculate the diffusion to the soil surface except for the top layer Dilution in ambient air is calculated using a box model In a final step the highest resulting outdoor air concentration due to CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations volatilization is selected and after summation with the concentration resulting from soil resuspension taken forward to the exposure calculations The concentration as a result of soil resuspension is added to the concentration due to volatilization to calculate a final overall air concentration At Tier 1 only the length of the site in the dominant wind direction can be modified At Tier 2 some additional parameters become editable Switch to Tier 1 Site characteristics Length of the site dominant wind direction m 50 G Terrain roughness length rm 0 1 GA Wind velocity at 10m r d 288 000 Og PM10 concentration resulting from soil resuspension ug in 5 QEQ G Enrichment factor soil for soil derived PM10 1 2 Gd Figure 23 Outdoor air tab at Tier 2 length of the site in the dominant wind required also v
34. ation summary information is visible in the simulation summary panel 3 1 3 SIMULATION SUMMARY Summary information on the currently selected simulation will be displayed on the lower left Depending on your browser the summary information will show a graphical representation of the CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations soil profile as is the case in the screenshot in Figure 8 or will indicate that this feature is not supported this is the case for older browsers e g Internet Explorer 8 or lower do not support this The absence of this overview graphic does not impact the S Risk model calculations in any Way Name Label profile Description soil profile beginnend bij generic Chemicals 1 1 1 Trichloroethane Application type Generic soil remediation value Site specific risk assessment lk Site specific remediation objectives Vlaanderen Figure 8 Simulation overview Three actions can be performed on a selected simulation e copy L e edit 11 e delete Ea Evidently you can also start a new simulation edd Information with regard to the requirements for a new simulation are given in 3 2 Starting a new simulation Further details for managing existing simulations are given in 3 3 Managing your simulations 3 1 4 MANAGING THE DATA DURING A SIMULATION When entering or modifying data during the creation of a simulation data entry can be managed from the menu at the top of the simul
35. ation details panel Figure 9 CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations Figure 9 Menu for managing the data during a simulation e Reset defaults button w h this button is relevant to the first three tabs and restores the selected land use selected chemical or soil type parameters to the defaults they were derived from e Cancel button data changes since the last save action are canceled e Save simulation button B data are saved to the S Risk database Help button 2 In addition to pressing the Save simulation button data are also saved when you switch tabs As soon as your data are saved to the S Risk database they can t get lost due to computer browser or network failure So in the worst case you can lose only the data you entered or were entering in the last open S Risk tab 3 2 STARTING A NEW SIMULATION A new simulation can be started by clicking the Create new simulation button Bl in the Simulation summary header Figure 10 The Simulation summary fields will become active and the Name Label and Description of the simulation need to be filled in before proceeding It is up to the user to provide sensible names labels and descriptions for the various simulations The label field for instance can be used as an uniform identifier of simulations within a company Las Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair indoorair Plants Animals Concentrations Ex
36. atoes soil to plant transfer for organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties deposition calculations for all chemical types in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations oo e deposition calculations for all chemical types dm dry matter content e used to convert calculated concentrations at dry matter to concentration at fresh weight for exposure calculations r_p radius of a potato e in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties 4 8 ANIMALS TAB The animals tab is only of importance if there is exposure of animals cattle sheep chicken on a farm or for local consumption The animals tab allows you to a Modify cattle and chicken exposure parameters time pattern feed pattern b Enter or modify transfer factors to animal products for new or customized chemicals At Tier 1 you will be able to change the contribution of water sources that are used as drinking water for cattle sheep and chicken The latter only in case you included chicken eggs as an exposure pathway in a customized scenario In addition when dealing with a newly defined or customized chemical you will ha
37. bbage Cauliflower and broccoli Brussels sprouts Lettuce Lambs lettuce Endive Spinach Chicory Celery Maize OK Cancel CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations L p yw dm 1 5E 3 1 02E3 4 597E0 2 0E1 2 5E 2 1 02E3 2E0 1 1E1 2 5E 2 1 02E3 2 5E0 9 0E0 2 5E 2 8 2E2 2 0E0 5 0E0 2 5E 2 8 0E2 3 4E0 1 1E1 2 5E 2 8 0E2 4 0E0 1 3E1 2 5E 2 8 0E2 4 97E1 0E0 2 5E 2 8 0E2 3 38E 1 4 0E0 2 5E 2 8 0E2 1 62E4 9 0E0 2 5E 2 8 0E2 6 560 0E0 2 5E 2 8 052 2 4E0 8 1E0 2 5E 2 8 0E2 1 860 1 7E1 2 5E 2 6 1E2 4 450 4 0E0 2 5E 2 6 552 1 0E0 4 0E0 2 5E 2 T 35E2 5 0EQ 6 2E0 2 5E 2 6 352 2 0E0 0E0 2 5E 2 7 OE2 1 560 6 0E0 2 5E 2 8 0E2 6 360 8 0E0 2 5E 2 8 0E2 2 5E0 1 1E1 2 5E 2 8 0E2 8 0E 1 1 864 2 5E 2 8 252 53E0 3 564 45 2 8 0E2 4 53E0 2 5E1 Figure 30 Plant characteristics table Tier 2 Q transpiration rate k growth rate L lipid content f_ch carbohydrate content t plant growth period p plant density A surface area of aboveground plant parts Y_v plant yield in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties default value from model concept in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties in case of organic chemicals and transfer calculated using chemical and plant properties only used for pot
38. be used It should be noted that the calculation of the inhalation risk already considers age dependent factors weighting the concentrations based on dosimetry as can be accessed through the Exposure tab under the age specific weight factors Age dependent differences in the Risk tab for all routes should therefore generally reflect potency or bioavailability differences and not intake differences It could therefore be advisable to evaluate the age dependent weight factors and the toxicological reference values together for the inhalation route Local effects Risk indices are calculated for the oral and inhalation route It is not possible to have a risk index calculated for local effects by the dermal route as the dermal dose is calculated as an absorbed dose in the model If local dermal effects are critical the user should perform additional calculations outside S Risk by using intermediate results Toxicological reference values for local effects should be given in for the oral and or inhalation route depending on whether local effects occur by both or only one route Options for age classes and the type of toxicological reference values oral inhalation are the same as under threshold systemic effects 4 11 2 NON THRESHOLD EFFECTS Systemic effects Excess lifelong cancer risks are calculated by route and summed up to an overall excess lifelong cancer risk The lifelong cancer risk is calculated by multiplying the dose co
39. button No BCF or concentration formula to be used In that case there will be a BCF value at the level of the plant potatoes Vice versa it is possible to have the radio button No BCF or concentration formula to be used marked for a plant but then there needs to be a BCF at plant type level There are three options to fill in a BCF at either plant or plant type level e BCF a single BCF value can be filled in e Log BCF a BCF relation can be filled in this relation expresses the log BCF as a function of the log of the soil concentration and a number of soil related parameters an intercept and slope factors are required they can be 0 e Log conc plant a plant relation can be filled in this relation expresses the log of the plant concentration as a function of the log of the soil concentration and a number of soil related parameters an intercept and slope factors are required they can be 0 The unit of the BCFs for inorganic chemicals is mg kg dm in the plant per mg kg dm in the soil 4 7 2 MODIFYING PLANT PROPERTIES TIER 2 Plant properties can be modified by clicking the plant characteristics button on the plants tab at Tier 2 You will get access to a menu with the list of plants and their properties Figure 30 Plant characteristics Potato Carrot Scozonea and parsnip Other root vegetables as radish Bulbous vegetables as onion Leek Tomato Cucumber Other fruit vegetables as paprika Ca
40. concentration in air You have to fill in a value for both type of concentrations if you select the option for gas phase and PM p If you would have measured only the gas phase concentration or only the concentration on PMio and the chemical properties are such that the concentration on the other phase would be zero or negligible you can enter the measured concentration for the corresponding phase and fill in a zero value for the other phase If you enter the concentration as a total concentration you first have the activate the checkbox at the right of the gas phase and PM fields and subsequently the checkbox at the right of the total field This will make the total field accessible If you enter a total concentration the model will automatically distribute the concentration over gas phase and PM according to the equation given below This is done as the model needs separate gas phase and PMi concentrations for part of the transfer and exposure calculations Coas phase 1 x Ctotal air Cpmio O X Ctotalair where Ciotal air the total concentration in air mg m Coasphas the gas phase concentration in air mg m Cavia the particle concentration in air mg m CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations 0 the fraction adsorbed on atmospheric aerosol particles The fraction adsorbed on atmospheric aerosol particles is given by the Junge Pankov model B cx P oT X 0 where C the Junge Pankov constant Pa m
41. ctivating one of them will automatically impact the de activation activation of the other If a certain exposure pathway is deactivated the associated parameters in the subsequent tabs become irrelevant This will be indicated when the tabs are discussed Modifying the land use type by modification of exposure factors Following exposure factors can be modified in the scenario tab for a customized land use Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water By default the fraction of groundwater used as drinking water for human consumption is set to 0 This can be modified by adding a fraction value between O and 1 in the Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water field The calculations will then use a fraction weighted concentration based on the groundwater and water supply concentrations CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Time patterns on site The time spent on the site can be modified by clicking the Time patterns on site button A table will appear Figure 14 Time patterns on site Sleep hid Awake inside h d Outside h d Total on site h d weekly exposure frequency d wk yearly exposure frequency wk y 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 lt 3yrs 0 3 lt 6yrs 0 6 lt 10yrs 0 10 lt 15yrs 0 15 lt 21yrs 0 21 lt 31yrs 0 31 lt 41yrs 0 41 lt 51yrs 0 51 lt 61yrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 wy Ss SN N So OO aG O Da0 0 IDI O M o a oO al oO lt E lt a EE lt a E a BE lt
42. d calculation we calculate soil concentrations corresponding to certain risk thresholds Simulations are created as application by default You can modify the application type by selecting application II or Ill NOTE When switching back from application type II or III to application type I following changes will occur only 1 soil layer will be retained if no soil layer was created yet a generic layer will be created some settings are restored to their defaults such as buffer length calculation of leaching Chemicals and land uses even when customized will be retained It is therefore recommended not to switch back from application II or III to I After specifying the name label description and application type the simulation is created by clicking the Save button Save After this you can proceed to the Model inputs and outputs panel on the right to specify or adjust the detailed model parameters After creating the simulation the Scenario Chemical and Soil tabs will become available The remaining tabs will become active once you have specified at least one chemical and a valid soil profile 3 3 MANAGING YOUR SIMULATIONS The available simulations are visible in the Available simulations panel on the upper left You can select a simulation by simply clicking on it This will allow you to manage the simulation with the buttons in the Simulation summary bar Besides the Create new simulation
43. dard loam Sipod Standard loamy sand Groundwater Overall RI for Oral RI for systemic threshold effects Inhalation RI for systemic threshold effects Dermal RI for systemic threshold effects Overall RI for systemic threshold effects Life long oral ExCR for systemic non threshold effects Life long inhalation ExCR for systemic non threshold effects Life long dermal ExCR for systemic non threshold effects Life long overall ExCR for systemic non threshold effects Water Cl Outdoor air Cl Indoor air Cl 0 0E0 mg kg ds 1 0E0 mg kg ds Show concentration range result W You will be informed by the browser when calculations start and when they have finished Afterwards a graph will be shown visualizing the result parameters evolution given the concentration range you have specified If the Show concentration range result button is disabled greyed out this usually means that some input information steps 1 4 is still missing This graphing functionality allows the user to e quickly get an overview of how the risk evolves in function of the concentration without the need to manually change concentrations e quickly estimate remediation goals by visualizing the point where for example the risk index exceeds the RI 1 level e get more context for the results in Application and Ill Especially when applications or Ill result in strange remediation goal results e g negati
44. drinking water outdoor air and indoor air are used to calculate background exposure The background concentrations in plants and animal products are only of significance in case of scenarios with consumption of local food In that case the concentrations are used to correct the overall dietary background exposure for the local fraction Using the background concentrations dietary intake is calculated for each food group and multiplied by the local fraction This is then subtracted from the overall dietary background exposure CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations 4 11 RISK TAB The Risk tab Figure 42 allows you to modify or fill in the toxicological reference values for the substances selected This tab is only accessible in Tier 2 when you have a modified chemical or a newly defined chemical Risk indices and excess cancer risks are calculated for long term exposure The toxicological reference values should therefore correspond to long term exposure If short term effects are critical the user can take intermediate outputs of the model daily averages with the exception of food and calculate short term risks manually Switch te Tier 1 Arsenic_TF 41 1 1 Trichlorcethane_TF Arsenic 1 1 1 Trichlorcethane Threshold effects Jon threshald effects seudo threshold effect Systemic effects 1 ila derma Units inhalation inhalation dermal mats dermal Limits Oral SF 1 mgiikg bwed Inhalation
45. e and clicking the Add button This is repeated for each layer in the CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations soil profile All added layers will appear in the list of added layers The first layer added will appear with a depth of O m The subsequently added layers will have a depth that shows an increase of 0 1 m with regard to the previous one This way the layers appear in the order you entered them After addition of all layers you can modify the depth according to the real profile by selecting the layer and modifying the depth in the field Top of selected layer 2 The second option is to add each layer and immediately enter the depth according to your soil profile The layer that is added first will have a depth of O m assigned by the model Each subsequently added layer will have a depth of 0 1 m and is selected so that you can access the field Top of selected layer and enter the appropriate depth By following this option it is possible that the last added layer does not appear in the profile on the correct depth as it will have a depth of 0 1 m Once you entered the correct depth the layer will be shifted to its correct place in the profile Attention The depth of the groundwater table should be below the depth of the building slab basement or crawl space floor If conflicts occur you have to leave the default soil profile go to the indoor air tab and specify the building settings for vapour intrusion including t
46. e model yet If you would like to perform calculations for a crawl space with concrete floor you can perform a two step approach by first selecting the basement option and then entering the dimensions of the crawl space as if the total building had crawl space dimensions and appropriate parameter values for ventilation of the crawl space In a second run a crawl space is selected and the indoor situation is parameterized as appropriate for the site The resulting indoor air concentration from the first run can then in the second run be filled in as if it was a measured crawl space concentration in the Concentrations tab A second choice to be made is the State of floor menu This choice is only needed for basement and slab on grade type buildings and relates to the concrete layer in contact with the soil You can choose between gaps and holes or intact floor Gaps and holes is the default setting Intact floor can be used for new floors in a perfect state In that case you preferably fill in the values for floor parameters to those corresponding to good or perfect floor quality Note Under default settings and in a situation where diffusion dominates the vapour intrusion process e g soils with low permeability contamination at higher depth it is possible that the option intact floor results in higher indoor air concentrations than the option gaps and holes This is a consequence of the modelling co
47. ed zone is calculated according to a steady state mass balance model similar to the F Leach Tier 1 approach Default values are consistent with the F Leach parameterization Guidance on choices for the site specific parameters except for length of the source area can be found in the documentation of the F Leach model on the OVAM website http www ovam be jahia Jahia pid 1652 The concentration in groundwater due to leaching will be calculated for each specified soil layer under the Soil tab Finally the maximum value will be taken forward to the exposure calculations percentage unpaved e By default this value is set at 100 e Could be lowered to represent site specific conditions e f percentage unpaved is less than 100 a value for the infiltration rate for the paved area should be specified infiltration rate in the vadose zone unpaved e Default value recommended not to area modify infiltration rate in the vadose zone paved area e Value should be filled in if the fraction unpaved is less than 100 thickness of the phreatic groundwater layer 4 4 2 PERMEATION THROUGH SUPPLY WATER PIPE Tier 1 If exposure to drinking water is an exposure pathway in the scenario and when organic substances are added to the simulation the fields for permeation through supply water pipe will be active At Tier 1 three parameters should be specified the depth of the supply water pipe below soil surface the length of the supply w
48. er on a specific risk or concentration index This visual feedback provides more context on the risk calculations for a specific simulation configuration Figure 48 shows this graphing interface Chemical Concentration B Benzene v i Standard loar Y vanes in layer Show result Concentration Overall RI for VY 0 0E0 mg kg ds parameter vanes between 4 1 0E0 mg kg ds 2 2649 w aD 24 5 lt wi 2 2245 y 204 pa 18 8 164 3 1 4 6 1 2 Soil concentration mg kg ds 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 0 Figure 48 The Graph tab interface CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations You can use the Graph tab functionality by following these steps 1 Select the chemical for which you want to visualize the risks in the Chemical menu 2 Choose the soil groundwater layer for which you want to vary the concentration This determines the X axis of the graph 3 Select the risk or concentration index parameter that you want to visualize This determines the Y axis of the graph 4 Specify the concentration range that you want to visualize S Risk will visualize the chosen result parameter over this range 5 Click the Show concentration range result button to start the calculations Concentration Varies between Benzene Benzene Naphthalene Cyanide Free Cyanide Non chloro oxidizable Standard loan Y Standard loamy sand Stan
49. eters section Lastly the S Risk versions in which you have created and calculated your simulation can be found on the bottom of the online result summary If you would like to print this summary you can click on the blue Print button above the Main results section By using the report outline on the right you can quickly go to the section of your interest S Risk report appl2_test Main results Conceptual site model Main results ggh 24 n Soil profile amp concentrations Highest RI Highest ExCR Highest pRI Highest CI Results per chemical Chemical gt 1 10 gt 1 gt 1 OBenzene QNaphthalene Benzene 3 384e 0 1 074e 4 3 948e 0 Indoor air Cl Oc Cyanide Free iiihana P 7 618e4 indoor air Ci OCyanide Non chioro oxidizable phthalene 8 4522 f O1Ge UNGOOr aN NA List of user modified parameters Cyanide Free 1 16422 6 878e 3 Indoor air Cl Cyanide Non chioro oxidizable 1 867e 1 3 514e 8 Outdoor air Cl Conceptual site model Scenario Land use Residential with Exposure routes vegetable garden Oral Inhalation Dermal Based on Residential with T PEF T z 8 settied i vegetable garden soll amp settled dust via outdoor air via soil amp settled dust vegetables Via indoor air via water bath amp shower vanes Sm via eggs Figure 47 Online result summary on Results tab 4 14 GRAPH TAB The graph tab enables the S Risk user to visualize the influence of pollutant concentrations in a specific soil groundwater lay
50. file b Enter the groundwater concentration if this option is chosen c Enter pathway specific soil concentrations d Enter concentrations in transfer media e Enter animal related background concentrations The concentrations tab is shown in Figure 34 If Tier 1 is chosen the Plants and Animals button will not be visible To enter concentrations for a chemical in the list click on the chemical and enter the corresponding concentrations as explained below CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Exposure Risk Concentration limits Results Switch to Tier 1 4 1 4 Trichloroethane a MyCadmium 1 3 Dichlorobenzene M Soil concentrations El Enable separate profile for indoor vapour intrusion depth magi hog Generic soil layer a Groundwater concentration Concentration in groundwater uoy Ty Pathway specific soil concentrations Soil contact amp resuspension mg kg dim m Soil drinking water mg kg dim Soil plants mg kg dm j Soil animals mg kg dm Concentrations in tanster media gas phase mgm PM10 mgm Outrioor air mg m Indoor air mgim El vapour infusion mgm Soil air mgm lat depth mm Basement mgim F Plants Indoor settled dust mg kg dim T Animal products Drinking water mgim F Animal elated concentrations Background concentration in pasture grass mag kg dm 0 0E0 Background concentration in silage grass mg kg dm lp OE
51. gging in to the S Risk web application the S Risk overview page will appear Figure 4 The user interface distinguishes 4 main panels Menu bar Overview of existing simulations Simulation summary Simulation details PRS D 1 3 Cher2 Appli ofesairation limits Results 1 1 14 Switch to Tier 2 Trichl Land Use Template 1 1 1 re Trichl i lc Name man man i r pos r Dermal Exposure Route via soil and dust Absorption from soil and dust ake via locally produced vegetables Absorption from water soil soil 1 1 1 i Intake via locally produced meat and milk Profil profil Trichi Intake via locally produced eggs Intake via groundwater or drinking water Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water Intake via outdoor air 1 1 1 i Intake via indoor air Inhalation Exposure Route profil 2 Trichi Intake via bathroom air soil profil 3 Ti Trichl Generic soil remediation value ll Site specific risk assessment lil Site specific remediation Figure 4 S Risk user interface The vertical border line between the left and right panels can be shifted horizontally to increase decrease the size of the panels Similarly you can shift the horizontal border between the simulations overview table and the simulation summary panel 3 1 1 MENU BAR When you select your username in the menu bar you can choose to change your password or to log out Figure 5 CHAPTER 3 Managing
52. graphs 4 13 5 2 and 6 6 about new facilities i e online result summary on Results tab Addition of paragraphs 4 14 5 3 and 6 7 on Graph tab Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Revisions Table of Contents List of Figures CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER 2 Logging in to S Risk CHAPTER3 Managing simulations 3 1 The overview screen ZLI Menu bar 3 1 2 Overview of existing simulations 3 1 3 Simulation summary 3 1 4 Managing the data during a simulation 3 2 Starting a new simulation 3 3 Managing your simulations 3 4 Modifying model parameters 3 5 About S Risk versions and simulations CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations 4 1 Scenario tab 4 1 1 Tier 1 4 1 2 Tier 2 4 2 Chemical tab 4 2 1 Adding default chemicals 4 2 2 Modifying a chemical Tier 2 4 2 3 Adding a new chemical 4 3 Soiltab 4 3 1 Building the soil profile 4 3 2 Modifying soil properties 4 4 Water tab 4 4 1 Leaching to groundwater 10 10 12 12 12 12 16 16 17 17 20 22 23 25 27 4 4 2 Permeation through supply water pipe 4 4 3 Drinking water exposure factors 4 5 Outdoor air tab 4 6 Indoor air tab 4 6 1 Vapour intrusion 4 6 2 Other indoor parameters 4 7 Plants tab 4 7 1 Modifying plant transfer properties Tier 2 4 7 2 Modifying plant properties Tier 2 4 8 Animals tab 4 8 1 Modification of cattle and chicken exposure parameters 4 8 2 Modification of biotransfer factors 4
53. he depth of the building slab basement or crawl space floor Switch then again to the soil tab and enter the soil profile as required The condition for groundwater depth in relation to building depth results from the indoor air equations These do not allow the calculation of vapour intrusion when the bottom of the basement is under groundwater level Once saved either by clicking the Save button or by switching tabs a graphical representation of the soil profile will appear in the Simulation summary panel on the left under the condition that your web browser supports HTML5 canvas A soil layer can be removed from the profile by selecting it and clicking the Delete button at the bottom of the tab In the Concentrations tab you will be asked to fill in a concentration for each layer specified in the soil profile The soil profile should therefore take into account changes in soil properties with depth and the depth at which the concentrations were measured For example if an uniform soil profile with regard to soil properties exists but concentrations were measured at two depths within that soil profile two separate layers with the same properties should be created in the soil profile This will enable to fill in the concentrations at the appropriate depth in the concentrations tab 4 3 2 MODIFYING SOIL PROPERTIES Modifying soil properties at Tier 1 At Tier 1 three soil properties can be modified by selecting
54. hould be used It is recommended to modify these values if soil type parameters as clay content are modified Information to calculate values is given in the technical guidance document Information to calculate values is given in the technical guidance document Parameter only important for inorganic chemicals if the Ky relation has a slope factor for CEC If so site specific information should be used Most relevant for the layer above the groundwater table Information to calculate values is given in the technical guidance document Most relevant for the layer above the groundwater table Information to calculate values is given in the technical guidance document CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations a specify whether a concentration in groundwater should be calculated from the unsaturated soil profile or a measured concentration will be entered in the Concentrations tab b fill in parameter values for the calculation of the groundwater concentration c fill in the parameters with regard to the permeation of substances through supply water pipes and d specify drinking water exposure parameters The permeation through supply water pipe panel is only relevant if the exposure pathway intake via groundwater or drinking water is active Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals Leaching to groundwater Enter groundwater concentration Calculate groundwater concentration Groundwa
55. il cattle Recommended not to change the value except if well documented Uses the concentration in topsoil from the soil profile or the separately entered soil animal concentration see Concentrations tab daily intake of pasture grass Uses a weighted average of local grass concentration cattle calculated or entered and non local pasture grass concentration daily intake of silage grass Uses a weighted average of local grass concentration cattle calculated or entered and non local silage grass concentration daily intake of maize cattle Uses a weighted average of local maize concentration calculated or entered and non local maize concentration daily intake of concentrate Is not related to the local site but uses an entered cattle background concentration Concentrations tab daily intake of water cattle e Uses a weighted concentration of groundwater calculated CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations or entered supply water calculated or entered and other water entered concentration daily intake of grass chicken Uses a weighted average of local pasture grass concentration calculated or entered and non local pasture grass concentration daily intake of water chicken Uses a weighted concentration of groundwater calculated or entered supply water calculated or entered and other water entered concentration daily intake of feed chicken Is not related to the local site but uses an en
56. ion figures are yearly averages Fields in the exposure tab are only accessible in case of a newly defined or customized chemical In case of a default chemical the values are visible but cannot be modified When you view the exposure tab at Tier 2 you will have an additional button called Adjust age specific weight factors Figure 40 S Risk takes into account background exposure in the risk characterization for threshold effects for which the risk is calculated using a TDI approach see Risk tab Background exposures via food and drinking water are added to local oral exposure background exposure via inhalation is added to local inhalation exposure If you would use measured concentrations for drinking water ambient or indoor air you need to be aware of the fact that the overall background is added for these threshold effects In order to avoid double counting you should either correct the measured concentration or you set the background concentration equal to 0 This correction is not required for measured concentrations in food and feed as here double counting is not possible In case of chemicals with only non threshold or pseudo threshold effects considered the background exposure is of less importance as it is not accounted for in the risk characterization CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Indoor air Plants Animals Concentrations Background exposure via food z 1 lt 3 y mo kg d 3 lt 8 y maka E lt 10 y mg
57. ired to fill in limits for all fields fields can be left empty if there are no values For plant concentration limits it is possible to enter limits at the level of the plant or to group plants and enter a limit at group level The groups are marked by grey white colouring If you would like to enter a limit value at group level you can activate one of the checkboxes of that plant group The other checkboxes of that group will be activated after pressing lt Enter gt You can then fill CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations in the limit for either field of that plant group and after pressing lt Enter gt the value will automatically be copied to the other fields of that plant group Water Outdoor air Indoor air 4 1 1 Triichloroethane MyCadmium 1 2 Dichlorobenzene Environmental concentration limits Drinking water main oes dS Outdoor air mam B21 A ndoorair ma p21 S Animal product concentration limits Beef mg kg fj Sheep mg kg fa Liver movkg fag Kidney mgvkg fwi Milk mg kg Butter mg kg Tw Eggs mg kg fw D D D D D D D Feed concentration limits Grass mg kg fv Sd Maize mg kg tw a Plant concentration limits od migikog far change on plant type level Potato Ela Gt a Seerzoners and pasenie 0 e Other roct vegetables as radish e Bulbous vegetables as onion ae Leek Ela Tomato e Cucumber O Other fruit vegetables as papis Je Cabbage El
58. isible at Tier 1 direction Site specific terrain roughness length Default values may be modified Values are land use specific Values as a function of land use and land coverage can be found in the technical guidance document wind velocity at 10 m Default value recommended not to modify depends upon geographical location Equation to calculate wind velocity as a function of geographical coordinate can be found in the technical guidance document PM concentration resulting from soil Default value recommended not to modify enrichment factor soil soil derived PM Default recommended not to modify except if site specific information is available Ratio between concentration on soil derived PM and total soil concentration CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations 4 6 INDOOR AIR TAB Detailing information in the indoor air tab is only relevant when a building is present or is simulated and indoor exposure can take place Bathroom air parameters are only relevant when the exposure pathway bathing or showering is active The indoor air tab allows you to specify the settings for a vapour intrusion into buildings b indoor settled dust c indoor PMax and d bathroom air At Tier 1 a limited set of parameters related to vapour intrusion is accessible Figure 24 Switch to Tier 2 Building Volume of the indoor space m D Thickness of the floor rri 0 1 Surface area of the floor my
59. k Concentration limits Results Graph Chen Appli use modii r Last Calculation Time 2015 02 25 09 56 Resi 2015 as_o with 02 E ae risicc Napt 3 F EXCe H IML risicc vege 26 gard 12 5 oplei Resi 2015 as_o h Benz simu with 02 sim Free 2 1 wors vege 26 Case Oo gard 12 4 ig as_o Resi 2015 c Soe l 4 4 1 100f44 gt Figure 45 Yellow colouring indicating the simulation is running When simulation calculations are finished you will receive a message that the simulation calculations are completed successfully If for any reason the calculation would be unsuccessful the simulation will be marked red in the Available simulations panel Simulation calculations are run on one of our calculation servers so you can close your browser during calculations If you would lose internet connection during the calculations there is no problem as calculations will simply continue running on our calculation servers You will be able to access your results after your internet connection has been restored After a successful run you will be able to download the results of your most recent simulation on the Results tab Figure 46 by clicking the button of the report format of your choice The simulation report is available in PDF Excel CSV and HTML formats and can be downloaded to store for later use Last Calculation Time 2015 05 04 13 56 PDF Excel CSV HTML
60. k index or excess lifelong cancer risk is calculated for each exposure route and the risk indices or excess lifelong cancer risks are summed to an overall risk index or excess lifelong cancer risk e Local effects the critical endpoint s is are route specific The effect occurs at the portal of entry respiratory airways digestive tract or skin Exposure is not combined across the different routes A risk index excess lifelong cancer risk is calculated separately for the oral and the inhalation route As chemicals sometimes have different types of health endpoints carcinogenic and non carcinogenic local and systemic it is possible to activate the options simultaneously This enables the risk indices or excess lifelong cancer risks corresponding to each selection to be calculated and reported in one run Each category and type of effect can be activated deactivated by clicking the corresponding checkbox Once activated default settings for age categories and averaging will appear and can be modified by the user 4 11 1 THRESHOLD EFFECTS Systemic effects Risk indices are calculated by route and summed up to an overall risk index The risk index is the ratio of dose concentration to the toxicological reference value A risk index above 1 is considered unacceptable under the Flemish and Brussels policy for contaminated sites Toxicological reference value should be given for each exposure route e Oral route TDI or T
61. l drinking water mg kg dm F Soil plants mglkg dm E Soil animals mg kg dim El Concentrations in tanster media _gas phase ma m ___PM10 maim _ __total mgm Dutdoor air mg m a Indoor air mg m F B vapour intrusion mg m i Soil air mgm P at depth im Basement mim F Flants Indoor settled dust mg kg dm E Animal products Drinking water ma m E Animaltelated concentrations Background concentration in pasture grassima kg dma OED Background concentration in silage grass mg kg dm lo DED Background concentration in maize movkg dm lo EO Concentrate concentration mg kg dm I0 0E0 Feed mixture concentration mg kg dm 0 060 Other water concentration mgm lo OED Optimization citeia Optimize on groundwater concentration Optimize on soil layer Generic soil layer om Figure 49 Concentrations tab for an application II simulation Tier 2 CHAPTER 5 Application III simulations Once you select the layer for which you want to optimize the field allowing you to enter soil concentrations Soil concentrations subscreen will be disabled for that layer You will still be able required to fill in concentrations for the other soil layers and if appropriate for the groundwater layer Filled in concentrations will be kept constant during optimization and only the exposures linked to the layer selected for optimization will
62. l 7 49E1 Ts C 20 S mg l 1 0E47 Tp C 20 P Pa 0 0E0 Th C 20 H Pa m mol 0 0E0 Koc dm kg OR Caiculate Koc with QSAR formula of type v Kd dm kg OR Calculate K_d with formula lo B log C a Conc C E loo C A 1 68E0 B 1 26 0 C 0 0E0 D 0 0E0 E 0 0E0 F 0 0E0 Kow Koa Dpe m d 0 0E0 Dpve m d 0 0E0 Da m d 8 703E 1 Dw m7 d 8 703E 5 Delete Figure 18 Chemicals tab at Tier 1 4 2 2 MODIFYING A CHEMICAL TIER 2 Added chemicals can be customized at Tier 2 by selecting them and clicking the Customize button at the bottom of the tab After providing a new name for the chemical the input fields for the chemical parameters will become active and can be modified Customizing a chemical in the chemical tab will also give access to chemical related parameters in the Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk and Concentration limits tabs Also here chemical dependent parameter values can be modified if necessary Attention The chemicals copper lead nickel mercury and zinc have special rules with regard to plant uptake relations and or animal transfer factors These rules can be found in the chemical specific documentation substance data sheets To avoid confusion with regard to the models used these chemicals can NOT be modified or customized If you would like to work with modified versions of these chemicals you will need to configure them starting from the Blank chemical
63. l in indoor settled dust and the enrichment factor from soil to indoor settled dust Drinking water The entered concentration in drinking water will override the calculated concentration in drinking water as a result of permeation through supply water pipes Plants and animal products You can override predicted concentrations in plants and in animal products by clicking the Plants and the Animal products button respectively When the table for plants opens you need to click the chemical for which you enter data after which a table with vegetables grass and maize will appear Figure 38 You can then enter values in the corresponding fields for the selected chemical CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Concentrations in plants 1 1 1 Trichloroethanes MWyCadmium 1 3 Dichlorobenzene Potato Carrot Scorzonera and parsnip Other root vegetables as radish Bulbous vegetables fas onion Leek Tomato Cucumber Other fruit vegetables as paprika Cabbage Cauliflower and broccoli Brussels sprouts Lettuce Lambs lettuce Endive Spinach Chicory Celery Beans Peas Grass Maize Figure 38 Entering concentrations in plants Tier 2 When you click the button for Animal products a panel will be shown Figure 39 After selecting the chemical for which you want to enter concentration the fields corresponding to the animal products will become editable Concentrations in animal products ARSL
64. lation there are 2 version numbers that are determining the end result e the version in which the simulation was created determining the set of default parameter values used to initialize the simulation and e the version in which the simulation was last calculated determining the actual model version used for calculations To keep this transparent and clear every generated PDF or online report mentions both versions at the bottom of the page This makes it easier for third parties to evaluate the simulation results and get an immediate idea of which parameter values or model code were used CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations Once a simulation is created its parameter values will NOT be adjusted not even when the S Risk application itself is updated For instance when a simulation created in S Risk 1 0 3 is simulated in S Risk 1 0 10 the old default parameter values will be used as input for the 1 0 10 model calculations unless they were adjusted by the user him herself One important exception to this rule is the buffer space parameter This is the minimum distance between contamination and building floor or walls that is considered when calculating volatilization of a compound from soil groundwater to the indoor environment This parameter is available in the indoor air tab of the S Risk interface at Tier 2 and is also included in the extended report not in the online report e n application the buffer space is 0 75 m
65. le Age ranges should be continuous within one age class In general no differentiation will be made between age classes all age ranges assigned to age class 1 except if one wants to see the results by age category but if CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations age differentiated reference values are available they can be used If more than one age class is defined the lifelong pseudo risk will be shown for these age classes and for lifelong exposure It should be noted that the calculation of inhalation risk already considers age dependent factors weighting the concentrations based on dosimetry as can be accessed through the Exposure tab under the age specific weight factors Age dependent differences in the Risk tab for all routes should therefore generally reflect potency and bioavailability differences and not intake differences It could therefore be advisable to evaluate the age dependent weight factors and the toxicological reference values together for the inhalation route Local effects Lifelong pseudo risk indices are calculated for the oral and inhalation route It is not possible to have a risk index calculated for local effects by the dermal route as the dermal dose is calculated as an absorbed dose in the model If local dermal effects are critical the user should perform additional calculations outside S Risk by using intermediate results Toxicological reference values for local effects should be given in for the oral and o
66. lication II simulations maize If the entered value for the local fraction is lt 1 the concentration for the non local fraction is taken from the Concentrations tab background concentrations The animal exposure concentration is a weighted average of local and non local concentration When you click the Animal intake data button a table will open Figure 33 This table will allow you to enter site specific information with regard to summer and winter diet of cattle and sheep and of the diet of chicken Sew tS twrn Wut Vee Daily feed and water intake for animals Daily intake for cattle Beef cattle Milk cattle Sheep summer winter summer winter summer winter Daily intake of soil kg dm d 6 0E 1 0 0E0 6 0E 1 0 0E0 1 75E 1 1 75E 1 Daily intake of pasture grass kg dm d 0 0E0 0 0E0 7 918E0 0 0E0 1 8E0 1 8E0 Daily intake of silage grass kg dm d 0 0E0 0 0E0 4 298E0 7 537E0 0 0E0 0 0E0 Dialy intake of maize kg dm d 4 745E0 3 811E0 2 217E0 4 358E0 0 0E0 0 0E0 Daily intake of concentrate kg dm d 2 64E0 3 314E0 2 57E 1 2 346E0 0 0E0 6 3E 1 Daily intake of water kg dm d 6 7E 2 6 7E 2 6 7E 2 6 7E 2 6 0E 3 6 0E 3 Daily intake for chicken Daily intake of grass kg dm d 7 0E 3 Daily intake of water kg dm d 2 0E 4 Daily intake of feed kg dm d 4 23E 1 Daily intake of soil kg dm d 3 0E 2 OK Cancel ve i Y w el Figure 33 Feed intake table on Animals tab at Tier 2 daily intake of so
67. me of the shower stall rr se x Time patterns bathing and showering gt o Figure 25 Indoor air tab at Tier 2 4 6 1 VAPOUR INTRUSION The vapour intrusion module of S Risk calculates the concentration to indoor air of a building resulting from vapour intrusion Vapour intrusion from soil and or groundwater is calculated Both processes diffusion and convection are modeled The concentration in indoor air is calculated for each soil layer and for the groundwater layer This lower limit for this concentration is the ambient air concentration The highest concentration is taken forward in the exposure calculations after CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations addition of the concentration resulting from soil resuspension and particle intrusion The vapour intrusion tab allows the selection of a building type from the Building type drop down menu You can choose between e basement a basement with concrete floor the calculations assume that basement and building form one space there is no limitation on the exchange between basement and indoor air e slab on grade building without basement but with a concrete floor in contact with soil e crawl space a building with a crawl space the floor of the crawl space is formed by the soil layer below it the crawl space is considered as a separate compartment with a calculated flux from crawl space to indoor air The option of a crawl space with concrete floor is not provided in th
68. n be filled in as a single value or as a relationship between the logi of the Ky and soil properties and total concentration in soil In the latter case intercept and slopes with regard to clay concent CL in total soil concentration Conc in mg kg dm cation exchange capacity CEC in meq 100 g organic matter content OM in and pH measured in CaCl solution can be filled in D_pe permeation coefficient through these values are used to calculate the polyethylene permeation diffusion through supply water pipes for inorganic chemicals the values will generally be zero D_pvc permeation coefficient through PVC D_a diffusion coefficient in air these values are used to calculate diffusion parameters related to evaporation to ambient air and vapour intrusion into buildings in case of non volatile inorganic chemicals these parameters are irrelevant In case of volatile inorganic chemicals the parameters can be filled in or calculated from molecular mass D_w diffusion coefficient in water CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Data requirements specific for organic chemicals If an organic chemical is to be added the checkbox organic should be activated If the chemical has dissociating properties the checkbox dissociating should be activated In the latter case you have to choose between acid or base dissociation from the drop down list and fill in a pKa acid dissociation constan
69. ncentration with the slope factor unit risk A lifelong cancer risk above 1 10 is considered unacceptable under the Flemish and Brussels policy on contaminated sites Toxicological reference values should be given for each exposure route e Oral route SF or Slope Factor mg kg bw d e Inhalation route UR or Unit Risk mg m y1 e Dermal route dermal SF or Slope Factor mg kg bw d The reference value for the dermal route is a slope factor related to absorbed doses as exposure for the dermal route is calculated as an absorbed dose In many cases a separate value for systemic effects by the dermal route is not available a first step is to take the same value as the oral SF If the orally absorbed fraction is low then the dermal SF is calculated by dividing the oral SF by the orally absorbed fraction More refined estimates can be required in case of route specific metabolism The lifelong cancer risk is calculated by averaging over all age classes It is possible to specify slope factors unit risks for three age classes 1 2 and 3 This is done by selecting the appropriate age CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations ranges for each age class in the age class age ranges table Age ranges should be continuous within one age class In general no differentiation in slope factors unit risks will be made between age classes all age ranges assigned to age class 1 except if one wants to see the results by age category but if age
70. ncepts behind the options In case of gaps and holes diffusion takes place through larger holes covering only a small area of the total floor area In case of intact floor diffusion takes place through small pores but covering a relatively larger floor area We therefore recommend to use intact floor only in combination with settings for good very good floor quality Of course this should only be done when the site specific situation allows for this choice Tier 1 Basement and slab on grade volume of the indoor space basement e Site specific e Assumed to relate to slab on grade ground floor only depth of the basement concrete basement e Site specific slab floor below soil surface slab on grade CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations slab on grade e Floor in contact with the soil surface area of the floor of the basement e Site specific basement slab slab on grade volume of the basement e Site specific thickness of basement walls e Site specific surface area of basement walls e Site specific Crawl space volume of the indoor space Site specific e Assumed to relate to ground floor only depth of the crawl space below soil surface thickness of the floor e Site specific e Relates to floor between crawl Space and indoor thickness of crawls space walls Tier 2 In Tier 2 the parameter buffer space is visible This parameter is used in the calculation of indoor air c
71. nd in bathroom air due to evaporation from water during showering are only editable under Tier 2 fraction of soil in indoor dust Default recommended not to modify unless good justification Land use specific enrichment factor from soil to indoor dust Default recommended not to modify unless site specific information is available Not independent from fraction of soil in indoor dust when site information is used ratio between indoor outdoor PM10 Default recommended not to modify unless site specific information CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations volume of the bathroom e Default volume of the shower stall e Default ventilation rate in the bathroom e Default e Based on ventilation recommendations water use during showering The time patterns for bathing and showering can be modified by clicking the Time patterns bathing and showering button on the bottom of the screen It is recommended not to change these values without good justification 4 7 PLANTS TAB The plants tab should only be looked at if there is either exposure of cattle or chicken or consumption of local vegetables by residents The plants tab allows you to a Specify chemical specific transfer factors for vegetables and animal feed plants and b Modify plant properties The chemical specific factors are only accessible in case of a customized or newly added chemical At Tier 1 the tab shows you three parameters values volumetric washout facto
72. olerable Daily Intake mg kg bw d e Inhalation route TCA or Tolerable Concentration in Air mg m e Dermal route TDU or Tolerable Daily Uptake mg kg bw d the reference value for the dermal route is an absorbed dose as exposure for the dermal route is calculated as an absorbed dose In many cases a separate value for systemic effects by the dermal route is not available a first step is to take the same value as the oral TDI If the orally absorbed fraction is low then the dermal TDU is calculated by multiplying the oral TDI with the orally absorbed fraction More refined estimates can be required in case of route specific metabolism There are three age classes for which a risk index can be calculated By default the age classes are set as follows e Ageclass1 1 lt 3 yr 3 lt 6yr CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations e Ageclass2 6 lt 10yr 10 lt 15 yr e Age class 3 gt 15 yr This can be modified if the risk index should be calculated for a different range of ages by clicking the check boxes in the age class age ranges table A condition is set that within an age class the ages selected should be continuous In addition to specifying the age range per age class it is possible to specify the toxicological reference values for age class 1 2 or 3 by filling in the fields below each age class In general no differentiation will be made between age classes but if age differentiated reference values are available they can
73. om Results tab ccccccsssssececceeseceecsaeeseceeesseneees 65 Figure 47 Online result summary ON Results tab 2 0 eee ccecssssecececeesseececcceeececcsseaseceessaaaeeeeessaaseeess 66 Figure 48 The Graph tab interface ccccccssscccccsseccecenseccceesececeeeecceeeesececsueceseueeceessuecessenecesseeneeetas 66 Figure 49 Concentrations tab for an application III simulation Tier 2 ceesccccceeeseeeeeeeeeeeees 68 VI CHAPTER 1 Introduction CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This document describes the use of the S Risk web application version 1 1 3 Guidance with regard to the user interface and several model parameters is provided by means of screenshots and clarifying text Detailed information on model concepts and parameterization can be found in the Technical Guidance document CHAPTER 2 Logging in to S Risk CHAPTER 2 LOGGING IN TO S RISK S Risk is accessible through the internet You can login after starting up one of the internet browsers that are supported by the software Internet Explorer 9 or higher FireFox 19 or higher or Google Chrome and entering the URL https www s risk be The S Risk homepage will appear After clicking the S Risk Application tab you will be redirected to the S Risk login page Figure 1 which provides an SSL secured connection to protect your login details 5 Risk 5 Risk Application Contact us Registration Login username password remember me for 24h login Fig
74. on above ground plant parts volumetric washout factor for particles Generic default value of 0 Metabolization rate in the plant a metabolism Generic default value of 0 Photodegradation rate in above ground plant parts a photodegradation The method for plant concentration calculation box gives a summary of how plant transfer is calculated for each of the vegetables plant and or vegetable groups plant type on the screen The table shows you the list of vegetables that is built in the model 2 column Each vegetable belongs to a vegetable group or plant type 1 column With regard to animal exposure grass and maize are provided Then four columns are available that indicate which option for plant transfer calculation is selected CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations e No calculation possible no selection available on BCF model to be used calculation of plant transfer will not be possible e Calculation using plant BCF a plant transfer factor bioconcentration factor or BCF is filled in at the level of the plant e Calculation using plant type BCF a plant transfer factor bioconcentration factor or BCF is filled in at the level of plant type the BCF will then automatically be assigned to the vegetables belonging to that plant type e Calculation using chemical and plant properties this option is only available for organic chemicals no BCF has to be filled in and plant transfer will be calculated by
75. oncentrations following vapour intrusion It is the minimum distance between the top of the contaminated layer and the building when the flux from soil to the building basement crawl space building is calculated The value is made visible to enable interpretation of application results by running application Il as the default value in application 0 75 m is different from that in application II or III 0 10 m The value should not be changed for any other purpose Basement and slab on grade option gaps and holes pressure difference between basement e Default value recommended not to indoor space and soil basic air exchange rate for indoor space fractions of openings in floor number of openings per floor area air permeability of basement wall air filled porosity of basement wall slab on grade basement slab on grade basement slab on grade basement slab on grade basement basement Basement and slab on grade option intact floor pressure difference between indoor space and soil basic air exchange rate for indoor space basement slab on grade basement slab on grade CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations change this value except if well documented Default value is land use specific Background information is provided in the technical guidance document Default normal floor quality Guidance as a function of floor quality is given in the technical guidance doc
76. operties of the layer corresponding to the depth of the supply water pipe as entered on the Water tab will be used CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations e Soil plants concentration to be used for plant uptake calculations vegetables grass and maize replaces the default selection of the concentration of the top 30 cm of soil which is a weighted average concentration of layers in case of differentiation in soil profile within 30 cm of depth e Soil animals concentration to be used for soil ingestion by animals 4 9 3 ENTERING CONCENTRATIONS IN TRANSFER MEDIA Concentrations in transfer media can be entered at Tier 1 for air outdoor indoor soil and crawl space basement settled dust and drinking water At Tier 2 concentrations in plants and animal products can be entered as well Figure 37 You can enter the concentrations after activating the checkbox at the right of the corresponding field Concentrations in transfer media gas phase mg m PM10 mg m total mgr Outdoor air maim So co Indoor air maim Vapour intrusion mg m at depth m Basement maim Plants Soil air maine Indoor settled dust mg kg dim co E Animal products Drinking water mg m Figure 37 Entering concentrations in transfer media Outdoor air and indoor air Outdoor and indoor air concentrations can be entered in two ways either as separately measured concentrations in gas phase and on PM or as a total
77. oroetha vegetable 19 garden Residential soil profile soil profile 1 1 1 with 2 2 Trichloroetha vegetable garden Residential soil profile soil profile 1 1 1 with 2013 03 a a Trichloroetha vegetable 19 garden MH 4 16016 gt H Soil profile Soil profile Figure 7 Overview of existing simulations The Name and Label columns of this list also provide search fields directly below the column header By typing a partial simulation label name in this search field and pressing lt Enter gt the simulations list will be filtered to only show the matching simulation names projects This way simulations can be found easily when the number of simulations grows larger Search results are presented in a page view once there are more than 10 results Simulations can be sorted by Name Label and Last modified by clicking the column heading On top of the simulation there is a toggle button named Show all This toggle button can be used to view either your own simulations or all the simulations within your company You will be able to view simulations of your colleagues but you will not be able to modify them Simulations have colour codings e Grey colour no modifications possible this is a simulation of a colleague e Red colour the most recent calculation failed only visible for your own simulations e Yellow colour calculations are running for your simulation e Blue colour selected simul
78. posure Risk Conceniration limits Results Chemical Application Land use 5 4 1 1 r i 2013 08 Trichiorosthe 1 1 1 Light Trichioroeths industry Agricultural Residential 1 1 1 2 wn Trichioroathe vegetanle garden Residental 1 1 ss wih Trichioroeth vegetable inhalation Exposure Route garden Fraction of groundwater used as d Residental 2 win Trichiceoettss vegetatie garden New simulation Figure 10 Starting a new simulation Also you need to indicate the application type for your simulation CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations e Type generic soil remediation value the model will calculate soil remediation values with default settings You can choose land use type soil type and chemical You can only modify certain soil type parameters and chemical parameters all other parameter will be kept at their defaults e Type Il site specific risk assessment the full flexibility of the model is provided under this option You can fill in site specific information for a human health risk assessment Human risks will be calculated starting from soil and or groundwater concentration measurements forward calculation e Type Ill site specific remediation objectives the full flexibility of the model is provided under this option and all site specific information can be entered The soil layer for which you want the remediation objective to be calculated should be specified in the Concentrations tab backwar
79. r for particles metabolisation rate and photodegradation rate A table giving the overview of the way the concentration in the plant is calculated for each plant or plant type is visible as well Figure 26 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Switch to Tier 2 hoose chemical Arsenic_TF 1 1 1 Trichloroethane Arsenic Volumetric washout factor for particles 500 000 a metabolism 1 d 10 0E0 a photodegradation 1 d 0 0E0 e jaa for plant concentration calculation O Potatoes Root and tuberous Root and tuberous Root and tuberous Bulbous plants Bulbous plants Fruit vegetables Fruit vegetables Fruit vegetables Potato Carrot Scorzonera and parsnip Other root vegetables as radish Bulbous vegetables as onion Leek Tomato Cucumber Other fruit vegetables as paprika Cabbages Cabbage Cabbages Cauliflower and broccoli Cabbages Brussels sprouts Leafy vegetables Lettuce Leafy vegetables Lambs lettuce Leafy vegetables Endive Leafy vegetables Spinach Leafy vegetables Chicory Leafy vegetables Celery Leguminous vegetables Beans Leguminous vegetables Peas Grasses Grass Grain Maize Figure 26 Plants tab at Tier 1 with customized chemical selected The three parameters can be modified at Tier 1 under the condition of a new or customized chemical Generic default value of 500 000 In principle chemical specific Factor used in the calculation of particle deposition
80. r inhalation route depending on whether local effects occur by both or only one route Options for age classes and the type of toxicological reference values oral inhalation are the same as under pseudo threshold systemic effects 4 11 4 DEFAULT CHOICE In the absence of more specific information the default choice is as follows e Threshold effects systemic effects in case of non carcinogens or carcinogens with a threshold for effects o Age classes 1 1 lt 3 yr 3 lt 6yr 2 6 lt 10 yr 10 lt 15 yr 3 gt 15 yr o TDI TCA values are the same for each age class o Dermal TDU is the same as the oral TDI e Non threshold effects systemic effects in case of carcinogens with no threshold for effects o Age classes 1 1 lt 3 3 lt 6 2 6 lt 10 10 lt 15 3 gt 15 o Oral SF inhalation UR values are the same for each age class o Dermal SF is the same as the oral SF 4 12 CONCENTRATION LIMITS TAB The value in the Concentration limits tab are only accessible in Tier 2 and in case of a newly defined or customized chemical In case of a default chemical or in Tier 1 the values are only visible Figure 43 To fill in values select the chemical for which you want to enter or modify values and go to the appropriate fields The Concentration limits tab allows you to enter legal concentration limits for which predicted or measured concentrations in transfer media are compared with It is not requ
81. ration in basement air However as the model considers the basement and the ground floor of the building as one compartment it cannot deal with basement measurements If you would have a basement measurement you should change the building type into crawl space with appropriate settings for the quality of the floor between crawl space and indoor The quality of the floor should be set at bad quality taking into account that in reality there is often little dilution between basement and indoor air Information on the settings can be found in the technical guidance document You can then enter the basement concentration as a crawl space concentration Or you can enter the basement concentration as an indoor air concentration as a worst case assumption In case of a slab on grade building you will notice that there is a field for basement crawl space concentrations but this field is not accessible CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Indoor settled dust A measured concentration in indoor settled dust can be entered The relationship between the soil concentration and indoor settled dust which is used by the model then gets lost This is no problem if you make use of only one set of concentrations If you know that for your assessment there is a relation between the concentration in soil and in indoor settled dust you can also specify this relationship in the Indoor air tab by entering appropriate values for the fraction of soi
82. re Risk Concentration limits Results Graph Switch to Tier 1 Default land uses Agricultural v Land use Name Agricultural Oral exposure route Dermal exposure route Soil amp dust ingestion rates Inhalation exposure route ntake via groundwater or drinking wate Fraction of groundwater used as drinking water Qa Inhalation weight factors Customize Time patterns on site Figure 13 Scenario tab at Tier 2 In order to specify your own land use type you can modify one of the default land use types by clicking the customize button After entering a new name for the land use type exposure pathways and parameter values will become available and editable Modification of the land use type can be done at two levels Modifying the land use type by selecting exposure pathways The scenario tab shows the active exposure pathways as they were set for the default land use type Exposure pathways can be toggled active and inactive by clicking the corresponding checkboxes before an exposure pathway Attention Exposure pathways can now be toggled active and inactive without restriction We recommend not to add exposure pathways that were not active in the default land use type you started from except for intake via locally produced eggs because this could lead to inconsistent results Some of the exposure pathways are linked such that when de activating a
83. ries 4 10 4 DERMAL EXPOSURE PARAMETERS The subscreen related to dermal exposure parameters allows you to fill in the appropriate parameter values for dermal absorption from soil and dust and from water Dermal exposure is always calculated as an absorbed dose for which absorption values are needed Dermal absorption from water is calculated using a K dermal permeability coefficient value For inorganic chemicals this is a required value For organic chemicals this value can be calculated by the model In that case you should activate the checkbox at the right of the K field Dermal absorption from water Required for inorganic chemicals For organic chemicals a value can be filled in or can be estimated by S Risk estimation is not recommended for chlorinated chemicals Used to calculated dermal absorption from water FA 1 for inorganic chemicals For organic chemicals the application domain should be checked S Risk calculates B and Tevent Which can be used to CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations check FA if the chemical falls within the application domain FA 1 otherwise FA should be read from Figure 41 ABSdermal soil dust e The dermally absorbed fraction from soil or dust e Required value Figure 41 FA asa function of B and Teyent tsc equals the average turnover time of the stratum corneum and has a default value of 14 days 4 10 5 BACKGROUND CONCENTRATIONS Background concentrations in
84. s Cauliflower and broccoli El Brussels sprouts Els a Lambs tees O De Endive S a Figure 43 Concentration limits tab at Tier 2 4 13 RESULTS TAB After entering the input parameter values for your simulation calculations will be possible You can start calculations by clicking the Calculate risks amp report results button on the Results tab Figure 44 Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair Indoorair Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Risk Concentration limits Graph Last Calculation Time 2015 02 25 09 35 PDF Excel CSV HTML Calculate risks amp report results m Include result summary f Include result details Figure 44 Starting calculations on the Results tab CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations After clicking the button a dialog will appear mentioning that calculations have started After clicking OK on this dialog the colour of your simulation in the Available simulations panel turns yellow indicating that calculations are running Figure 45 x Show all A reportis not available because of one ofthe following reasons the simulation is never calculated before the simulation input data is changed more recently than last time it was calculated In both cases you should start a new calculation the be able to generate a report Name label _ Land Last Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoorair Indoorair Plants Animals Concentrations Exposure Ris
85. s switch to Tier 2 Generic soil layer 7 Add Top of selected layer im Generic soil layer Groundwater table depth rm Bp Gd Name Generic soil layer Properties Organic matter 20S pH KCl DED G8 clay d Delete Figure 19 Soil tab at Tier 1 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals switch to Tier 1 Top oa selected layer m Generic soil layer Name Properties Organic matter i a pH KCI Se Clay i 7a Ky mm Al content mg kg Fe content mg kg 2 Ptot content mg kg 3 34E1 Organic carbon Ba meine Bw meine Bs nein ps ka m CEC meq 100g Awe mein Lez my Customize Delete Figure 20 Soil tab at Tier 2 4 3 1 BUILDING THE SOIL PROFILE The soil profile is built up layer by layer by first selecting the appropriate soil type from the drop down list next to the Type label and clicking the Add button Attention When you generate a new soil profile you first need to delete the default generic soil layer by selecting it and clicking the delete button at the bottom of the tab Then you can select the appropriate soil type for the first soil layer from the drop down list and add it to the soil profile There are two ways to build the soil profile 1 The first option is to start with adding all layers of the soil profile by selecting the appropriate soil typ
86. simulations IMPORTANT it is important to explicitly use the Logout command when you leave the web application before you close the browser If you forget this you will have to wait for half an hour before you will be able to log in again Preferences comelic Change password Logout Figure 5 Account settings menu When you choose the Preferences menu you can select your language and region only one region is implemented in the current version of S Risk The languages available are English and Dutch Figure 6 When you change the language settings the application will warn you that any unsaved data will be lost Be sure to save your data before switching languages Preferences comelic language region d Dutch Figure 6 Preferences menu 3 1 2 OVERVIEW OF EXISTING SIMULATIONS If you have already created simulations in the past these will be visible in the list on the upper left side of the page Available simulations Figure 7 This list shows key identifying information of all simulations to quickly find the simulation you need If no simulations are present yet the Available simulations list on the left will be empty CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations rs Chemical Application modified 1 1 1 ee 2013 03 agricultural n Trichloroetha i 19 1 1 1 Light 2013 05 Trichloreetha industry 29 manual manual manual manual Agricultural ri oer Residential 1 1 1 with 2013 043 Trichl
87. t For dissociating chemicals the Ky is calculated by the model using a built in algorithm No K is required then If for a dissociating chemical a K value is available at the appropriate soil pH you can also choose not to activate the option dissociating and fill in the available K value This is only allowed for calculations within the pH range of the K value S solubility in water at temperature T_s required it is recommended to fill in solubility and vapour pressure values for the same temperature and as close as possible to soil or ambient temperature This is merely important if no value for the Henry coefficient is filled in P vapour pressure at temperature T_p H Henry s law coefficient at T_h optional if a value for H is filled in the associated temperature should be filled in as well if no value for H is filled in the model will calculate it from vapour pressure P and solubility S using the temperature of the vapour pressure the model will recalculate the value for H for the temperatures required in the model soil temperature shower water temperature K_oc sorption coefficient organic optional carbon water if no Koc value is filled in you have to activate the checkbox for calculation of the Ko with a QSAR You have to select the QSAR from the drop down list K_ow distribution coefficient octanol water required Kow is used to calculate K with QSARs plant and animal
88. ter dilution factor Hydraulic conductivity of the phreatic groundwater my Ge Hydraulic gradient mim 1 0E 3 Length of source area mi Percentage unpaved 94 adosezone pavedarea my JAS Thickness of the phreatic groundwater layer m Permeation through supply water pipe Depth of supply water pipe below soil m Internal radius of the supply water pipe rm Thickness of supply water pipe wall rn Total pipe length through contaminated area m S Daily supply water use nr day 5 OE 1 Supply water pipe PE be G6 Drinking water exposure factors Fraction of groundwater Fraction of drinking water intake corning from site Gd Figure 21 Water tab at Tier 1 CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations 4 4 1 LEACHING TO GROUNDWATER When entering a new simulation the Calculate groundwater concentration is activated by default When a groundwater concentration is available for use in the calculations you should select the Enter groundwater concentration option You will be able to fill in the groundwater concentration in the Concentrations tab If you prefer to have the groundwater concentration calculated from the unsaturated soil profile by S Risk you should select the Calculate groundwater concentration option The fields in the dilution factors for groundwater box will be available then at Tier 1 and Tier 2 The groundwater concentration due to leaching from the unsaturat
89. tered background concentration Concentrations tab daily intake of soil chicken Default value represents a worst case guidance for value choice as a function of available area and soil coverage is given in the technical guidance document Uses the concentration in topsoil from the soil profile or the separately entered soil animal concentration see Concentrations tab 4 8 2 MODIFICATION OF BIOTRANSFER FACTORS Concentrations in animal products are calculated with biotransfer factors BTF These express the ratio between the concentration in the animal product and the total intake For inorganic chemicals the BTF values are always required parameters For organic chemicals the BTF values can be filled in but can also be calculated using a BTF model for meat and dairy products The calculation is done using the log Kow of the chemical For chicken eggs a model is not implemented yet and thus BTF values should be filled in for all chemicals Attention For default chemicals the BTF values for chicken eggs are often set at O except for some metals This does not mean that no transfer to chicken eggs occurs but that values are not looked up So if consumption of chicken eggs is activated as an exposure pathway it is required that appropriate values are filled in even for default chemicals 4 9 CONCENTRATIONS TAB The Concentrations tab allows you to a Enter the soil concentrations according to the specified soil pro
90. tering separate concentration profiles for outdoor transfer calculations and vapour intrusion calculatiONS anne eee ter erree ene ce et een ene te ee 50 Figure 36 Entering pathway specific soil CONCENTATIONS cecccccesseccceesececceecceceeseceeseaeceesaeeeeetas 50 Figure 37 Entering concentrations in transfer MECIA sssscccccessssecccccesecccccaeeeececsauaeeeeessuaneeees 51 Figure 38 Entering concentrations in plants Tier 2 c ccccessccceccesseecceeeeesecceceeeeeccesseeeeceeseaenneess 54 Figure 39 Entering concentrations in animal products Tier 2 cccccccccssseccceeeeesecceceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeess 54 Foure A0 EPO Nea a TIO ge arene sen smn ene E ee ee 56 Figure 41 FA as a function of B and Tevent ts equals the average turnover time of the stratum corneum and has a default value Of 14 AayS cccccccsessseccccceessecceeceeeeecceeeeeeeeceseeeeeceseeeeeneess 58 Figure 42 THE FISK Ca in TICE 2 cccccsesredicetsesscnncsansnnnncecseedeaseihcekdecsnteesandnevastecupsaand SEENEN EAI ANNEES 59 Figure 43 Concentration limits tab at Tier 2 esessssssssssrressesrrersesrrreressrrrrressrrrressrrereesrrrrresserereeseens 64 Figure 44 Starting calculations on the Results tab cccccssssccceccesseccceceesseccecsseeeeccesssaaeceessueaeeees 64 Figure 45 Yellow colouring indicating the simulation iS running ccccceeeccccesscceeeesececeeeceeeeeeeeeeas 65 Figure 46 Simulation results downloadable fr
91. the soil type at Tier 2 Soil tab 6 4 WATER OUTDOOR AIR AND INDOOR AIR TAB These tabs can be consulted but not be modified 6 5 PLANTS ANIMALS CONCENTRATIONS EXPOSURE RISK AND CONCENTRATION LIMITS TAB These tabs only have editable fields in case of a customized or newly added chemical 6 6 RESULTS TAB After entering the data for you simulation calculations will be possible You can start calculations by clicking the Calculate and report results button on the Results tab similar to what you do under Application Il The report will now not generate risks or concentration indices but will for each specified reference value report the soil concentration at which the criterion is met The criterions are e Exposure and threshold effects or pseudo threshold effects the risk index equals 1 or the ratio of total exposure to tolerable intake equals 1 e Exposure and non threshold effects the excess cancer risk equals 1 10 e Concentrations in transfer media the concentration index equals 1 or the ratio between concentration and concentration limit equals 1 CHAPTER 6 Application simulations Just like under Application Il you can consult an online result summary of your simulation in Application Only here the Main results section gives an overview of the lowest RI ExCR pRI and or Cl based remediation value calculated per chemical the Conceptual site model section shows you for which layer the optimiza
92. tion of supply water consumed i9 Gao Figure 32 Animal parameters on Animals tab at Tier 2 time fraction of winter diet Time fraction between 0 and 1 that the animal is fed the winter diet time fraction for winter diet relates to the time in the stable during winter period local fraction of pasture grass Fraction between 0 and 1 of pasture grass in diet that is coming from the site the concentration for the local fraction is taken from the calculated or entered concentration in grass If the entered value for the local fraction is lt 1 the concentration for the non local fraction is taken from the Concentrations tab background concentrations The animal exposure concentration is a weighted average of local and non local concentration local fraction of silage grass Fraction between O and 1 of silage grass in diet that is coming from the site the concentration for the local fraction is taken from the calculated or entered concentration in grass If the entered value for the local fraction is lt 1 the concentration for the non local fraction is taken from the Concentrations tab background concentrations The animal exposure concentration is a weighted average of local and non local concentration local fraction of maize Fraction between O and 1 of maize in diet that is coming from the site the concentration for the local fraction is taken from the calculated or entered concentration in CHAPTER 4 App
93. tion was done i e the concentrations for that layer are indicated as Optimized and the Results per chemical section provides now information about risk and Cl based remediation values 6 7 GRAPH TAB Also under Application you can use the Graph tab to visualize the influence of pollutant concentrations in a specific soil groundwater layer on a specific risk or concentration index The steps you have to follow to do this are the same as explained under Application Il
94. ult setting of S Risk is basic mode or Tier 1 Tier 1 provides access to a limited number of options and parameter values Tier 1 should be sufficient for initial risk assessment and more routine simulations Access to expert mode is available per tab via the Switch to Tier 2 toggle button Switch to TIEf2 Clicking this button will provide access to additional parameters or settings either by showing them directly on the screen or by the appearance of an additional button When you are in Tier 2 you can switch back to Tier 1 by clicking once again the toggle button Switch to Tier 1 Switch to Tier 1 Data that have been modified under Tier 2 will keep their customized values Some fields are provided with a text balloon Sd Clicking this symbol allows you to fill in comments for this field For some fields it is required to fill in a comment when the parameter value or setting is changed In that case the comment field will open automatically when the value is changed If a field is provided with a comment the text balloon will appear with a small pencil gf 3 5 ABOUT S RISK VERSIONS AND SIMULATIONS The S Risk web application is continuously being worked on and regularly new application updates are made available online Each of these updates is uniquely identified with a version number and can contain both changes to the model code calculations as to the default parameter values Consequently for each simu
95. ument Relates to the basement floor concrete slab Default recommended not to change Relates to the basement floor concrete slab Default good wall quality Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document Default good wall quality Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document Default value recommended not to change this value except if well documented Default value is land use specific Background information is provided in the technical CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations air permeability of the intact floor basement e Default average floor quality Guidance as a function of floor quality is given in the technical guidance document Relates to the basement floor concrete slab slab on grade air filled porosity of the intact basement Default average floor floor uality slab on grade j Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document Relates to the basement floor concrete slab air permeability of basement wall basement Default good wall quality Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document air filled porosity of basement basement Default good wall quality wall Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document Crawl space depth of the cra
96. ure 1 The S Risk login page On this page you can log in with the username and password you received after registration Logging in will activate a new session Your session expires automatically after an inactivity period of 30 minutes after which you will need to log in again except if you activated the check box for the remember me option In that case your login data are saved by the system for 24 h The system does not allow more than one simultaneous session per account In that case you will receive an error message Figure 2 CHAPTER 2 Logging in to S Risk Your Login attempt was not successful try again Cause Maximum sessions of 1 for this principal exceeded username password remember me for 24h login Figure 2 Error message in case of exceeding maximum number of simultaneous sessions Logging in with the wrong username or password will generate a different error message Figure 3 In case you forget your password you can contact the S Risk administrators who will send you an e mail with a new password Home 5 Risk Application OgIn Your Login attempt was not successful try again Cause Bad credentials username password remember me for 24h login Figure 3 Error message in case of wrong username or password Once you are logged in successfully the S Risk overview page will appear CHAPTER 3 Managing simulations CHAPTER 3 MANAGING SIMULATIONS 3 1 THE OVERVIEW SCREEN After lo
97. ve access to the fields for specification of the biotransfer factors BTF Concentrations in cattle and in chicken eggs are taken forward to exposure calculations Concentrations in sheep meat are only used to compare with concentration limits Concentrations in chicken meat are not calculated by the model 4 8 1 MODIFICATION OF CATTLE AND CHICKEN EXPOSURE PARAMETERS Tier 1 At Tier 1 Figure 31 it possible to modify e Drinking water sources for chicken if the local chicken egg consumption exposure pathway is active e Drinking water sources for cattle and sheep You can specify the fraction of groundwater and the fraction of supply water Depending upon your settings the groundwater concentration is either calculated or entered the supply water concentration is calculated or can be overwritten in the Concentrations tab If the sum of the fraction of groundwater and supply water does not equal 1 the remaining fraction is assigned to other water for which a concentration has to be entered in the Concentrations tab The final water concentration is then a weighted average of the groundwater supply water and other water concentrations CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Switch to Tier 2 Chicken Free range chickens Fraction of groundwater Fraction of supply water Db O O Fraction of other water pb Cattle f Beef cattle Milk cattle Time fr
98. ve values or warning messages in the extended report this feature can show you why CHAPTER 5 Application III simulations CHAPTER 5 APPLICATION III SIMULATIONS When you choose application type III simulations remediation objectives will be calculated for the layer that you specify You can fill in the data for your simulation exactly the same way as you do for an application II simulation forward calculation The only difference is on the Concentrations tab in the report and on the Graph tab 5 1 CONCENTRATIONS TAB In case of an application Ill you need to specify the layer for which you want the optimization calculation of remediation objective to be run for This option is available at the bottom of the Concentrations tab Figure 49 This can be a soil layer or if you have chosen to have an entered groundwater concentration the groundwater layer If you have chosen to have the groundwater concentration being calculated you cannot optimize on groundwater concentration Scenario Chemical Soil Water Outdoor air Indoor air Plants Animals C Exposure Risk Concentration limits Results es E 4 1 4 Trichloroethane Me So il concentrations E Enable separate profile for indoor vapour inbusion depth mig bog Generic soil layer oO Standard clay 1 Groundwater concentration Concentration in groundwater ugly Pathway specific soil concentrations Soil contact amp resuspension mg kg dim El Soi
99. west RI ExCR pRI and or Cl based remediation value calculated per chemical the Conceptual site model section shows you for which layer the optimization was done i e the concentrations for that layer are indicated as Optimized and the Results per chemical section provides now information about risk and Cl based remediation values 5 3 GRAPH TAB Also under Application Ill you can use the Graph tab to visualize the influence of pollutant concentrations in a specific soil groundwater layer on a specific risk or concentration index The steps you have to follow to do this are the same as explained under Application Il CHAPTER 6 Application simulations CHAPTER 6 APPLICATION I SIMULATIONS Application is a restricted version of application Ill and allows you to calculated generic soil remediation values or risk limit values 6 1 SCENARIO TAB Under application it is only possible to select a land use from the default land use list It is not possible to customize land uses You can view the default settings 6 2 CHEMICAL TAB You can select chemicals customize them or add a new chemical as explained under application II Chemical tab 6 3 SOILTAB You can remove the default generic soil type and add a soil type from the list of soil types You can only have one soil layer The groundwater table is at a fixed depth of 3 m You can change organic matter content clay content and pH KCI at Tier 1 and customize
100. wl space below soil surface pressure difference between crawl space and soil e Default value recommended not to change this value except if well documented pressure difference between indoor space and e Default value recommended crawl space not to change this value except if good arguments basic air exchange rate for crawl space e Default may be modified basic air exchange rate for indoor space e Default value is land use specific CHAPTER 4 Application II simulations Background information is provided in the technical guidance document fractions of openings in floor Default average floor quality Guidance as a function of floor quality is given in the technical guidance document Relates to the floor between crawl space and indoor space number of openings per floor area Default recommended not to change Relates to the floor between crawl space and indoor space air permeability of crawl space wall Default good wall quality Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document air filled porosity of crawl space wall Default good wall quality Guidance as a function of wall material is given in the technical guidance document thickness of crawl space wall e Site specific 4 6 2 OTHER INDOOR PARAMETERS The indoor air parameters related to the prediction of the concentration in indoor settled dust the concentration on soil derived indoor PMio a

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