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USER MANUAL FOR BIOFLYER DATABASE David William Allen

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1. PAGE 9 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 26 Mass of heart g 27 Percent Heart Mass 28 Aspect Ratio Select data you want to add 0 to exit Notice that option 10 is now 10 Wing Mass mg and the option Length of both wings cm is no longer present The value entered can now be accessed or editted as previously described 2 2 5 Append entry to database Choosing option 4 adds a new entry to the database This entry will be added to the end of the database Selecting this operation brings up the following menu This function will append a new entry to the database This entry can either be left blank or populated with data In either case the entry can be edited later using the other database tools Options 0 Cancel 1 Create blank entry 2 Create and populate entry What would you like to do Enter 0 to return to the main menu 1 to append a new entry to the end of the database but return to the main menu without populating it and 2 creates a new entry and immediately redirects the user to the Add data to Entry operation 2 2 6 Extract a 2D dataset Selecting the option 5 Extract a 2D dataset will extract a set of data from the database that will be sorted as the user desires there are many options on selecting and categorizing data The data will be appended data structure under a new category called extracted Sel
2. 1981 5 Zealand Journal of Zoology vol 4 pp 73 83 Mar 1977 6 J Farney and E D Fleharty Aspect Ratio Loading Wing Span and Membrane Areas of Bats Journal of Mammalogy vol 50 pp 362 367 May 1969 PAGE 16 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02
3. 40 18 Wing Area cm2 Current Value 48 4 19 Wing Loading mg mm2 Current Value 2 2727 20 Wing Loading g cm2 Current Value 0 22727 Enter number of data you want to edit 0 to exit Notice that the tenth entry not reads 10 Order Current Value This is a test You can continue to edit this entry by repeating the previous process or you can enter 0 to return to the main menu 2 2 4 Add data to entry Choosing option 3 Add data to entry at the main menu allows data that is currently missing from an entry For example if entry 1066 is selected the following is displayed Adding data to entry 1066 This operation is for adding absent data only Use the Edit Data operation to edit or delete extant data in the database This program will accept either text or numbers What would you like to add 1 Comments 2 Suborder Subclade 3 Wing Model from source 3 4 Flight Mode 5 Flight Mode French 6 Primary Food Source 7 Wing beat Rate Hz 8 Hind Wing Length mm 9 Length of both wings mm 10 Length of both wings cm 11 Wing Mass mg 12 Wing Mass g 13 Percent Wing Weight 14 Moment of Inertia of Wings mg mm2 15 Wing Span mm 16 Wing Span cm 17 Wing Span m 18 Mass of muscle mg 19 Mass of muscle g 20 Percent Muscle Mass 21 Large Pectoral Muscle Mass g 22 Percent Large Pectoral Mass 23 Small Pectoral Muscle Mass g 24 Percent Small Pectoral Mass 25 Ra
4. R AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 2 2 7 Create a 2D plot Selecting the option 6 Create 2D plot will create a plot with user selected data This opera tion utilizes the same structure as extracting a 2D dataset described in section 2 2 6 Entering 6 brings up the following menu This operation creates a 2D plot of user selected data Using this operation the user chooses what data to categorize the data by and MATLAB will separate and plot the chosen data Extracting a 2D dataset What 2D dataset do you wish to extract 1 Wing beat Rate Hz 2 Mass mg 3 Mass g 4 Wing Length mm 5 Wing Length cm 6 Hind Wing Length mm 7 Length of both wings mm 8 Length of both wings cm 9 Wing Area mm2 10 Wing Area cm2 11 Wing Mass mg 12 Wing Mass g 13 Percent Wing Weight 14 Moment of Inertia of Wings mg mm2 15 Wing Span mm 16 Wing Span cm 17 Wing Span m 18 Mass of muscle mg 19 Mass of muscle g 20 Percent Muscle Mass 21 Large Pectoral Muscle Mass g 22 Percent Large Pectoral Mass 23 Small Pectoral Muscle Mass g 24 Percent Small Pectoral Mass 25 Ratio Large Small Pectoral 26 Mass of heart mg 27 Mass of heart g 28 Percent Heart Mass 29 Aspect Ratio 30 Wing Loading mg mm2 31 Wing Loading g cm2 Desired x data PAGE 13 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN The user first ch
5. USER MANUAL FOR BIOFLYER DATABASE David William Allen ZVaCAS Virginia Center for Autonomous Systems Virginia Polytechnic Institute amp State University Blacksburg VA 24060 www unmanned vt edu November 30 2015 Technical Report No VaCAS 2015 02 Copyright 2015 Summary In order to compare the results of the new integrated morphology and gait optimization to diverse examples from biology a comprehensive and easily accessible database is required Unfortunately no such database is publicly available so one was developed This database includes data from various sources In addition a text based interface that utilizes MATLAB was developed that allows for easy access and editing the database Additionally this interface can be used to create plots These plots allow for the data to be sorted so that trends can be observed These trends can be used to identify trends that form commonalities between diverse species as well trends that show difference between different flight strategies Contents 1 Introduction 1 1 1 System Reguiremenls gt lt scc renec asa AR AA ESHER 1 A o o sacose Cee ee eh eee eh eee ee ae e a ee i 1 Lo ee A srei sesat Pa E a Ew RES e OE SS 2 2 Operation 3 2 1 hnitializing the Database oaa aa ee ee 3 22 Interacting with the Database lt oe us ici a a 4 3 Known Issues 16 il List of Figures 1 An example plot made by the animal database 111 List of Tables 1 Files required for
6. be same data Cancel Enter 0 Delete Enter 1 Current Value Passeriformes New Value There are three options for entry if 0 is entered the entry will not change and you will be back to the editting menu 1 deletes value and if a value is entered the new value replaces the old value For example if This is a test is entered at the prompt above the database will replace Passeriformes with This is a test and display What would you like to edit 1 Source Current Value 2 2 Latin Name Current Value Troglodytes a aedon 3 Common Name Current Value House wren 4 Sex Current Value m 5 Table Number Current Value 14 6 Table Comments Current Value Wing length measurements from different sources 7 Phylum Current Value Chordata 8 Superclass Subphylum Current Value Tetrapoda 9 Class Current Value Aves 10 Order Current Value This is a test 11 Family Current Value Troglodytidae 12 Common Name of Type of Animal Current Value Passerines 13 Mass mg Current Value 11000 14 Mass g Current Value 11 15 Wing Length mm Current Value 50 7 16 Wing Length cm Current Value 5 07 One caveat is if the value is deleted it can no longer be editted To add a value to the now nonexistent entry use the process described in section 2 2 4 PAGE 7 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 17 Wing Area mm2 Current Value 48
7. called by AnimalDatabase p and is used to edit the data in an already extant entry Cannot add missing data to an entry extract2Ddata p This function is called by AnimalDatabase p and is used to extract data from the database It sorts the data according to the parameters chosen by the user Can exclude data based on type or taxonomical class create2DPlot p This function is called by AnimalDatabase p and is used to create a 2D plot This function calls extract2Ddata p to sort the data Prompts user for type of plot linear semi log or log log 1 3 Included Data The data comes from several sources which were chosen to attempt to get a sufficient diversity of data This database is not a complete database and should be updated in the future All of the data was found in tables and copied by hand into a database A few obvious errors in the original e g a misplace decimal point were corrected but there may be unidentified errors Fortunately the size of the database is large enough that any minor errors should not affect overall trends One possible source of error is that some sources average data over several animals in the same species while other sources include only individual animals Furthermore there is not a way to separate male from female or sexless in the case for some insects animals To identify the source of the data a Source is listed with a number identifying the source of the data The numbe
8. ct option 1 at the main menu This does not allow the editting of the entry merely access This presents the user with a prompt asking Which entry do you wish to access 0 to cancel The number here corresponds to a particular entry in the database These entries are not sorted in any particular order If 0 is entered the user is immediately returned to the main menu If If you did choose to save changes to the database the first option will instead appear as 0 Exit and save 1 to exit without saving PAGE 4 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN an entry number is entered that is not in the database the database returns Selected entry outside of range and prompts the user to press any key to continue back to the main menu When a valid entry is requested the database returns all of the data in the desired entry as well as a listing of data not included for the particular entry For more information about the data refer to section 1 3 For the sake of example if the user requests entry 1066 a house wren the database will display Data Summary for entry 1066 ID 1066 Source 2 Latin Name Troglodytes a aedon Common Name House wren Sex m Table Number 14 Table Comments Wing length measurements from different sources Phylum Chordata Superclass Subphylum Tetrapoda Class Aves Order Passeriformes Family Troglodytidae Commo
9. ecting 5 from the main menu brings up the following menu Extracting a 2D dataset What 2D dataset do you wish to extract 1 Wing beat Rate Hz 2 Mass mg 3 Mass g See sections 2 2 2 and 2 2 3 respectively Data can be added to this entry later using the method describe in section 2 2 4 iT See section 2 2 4 for instructions on how to add data this entry PAGE 10 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 4 Wing Length mm 5 Wing Length cm 6 Hind Wing Length mm 7 Length of both wings mm 8 Length of both wings cm 9 Wing Area mm2 10 Wing Area cm2 11 Wing Mass mg 12 Wing Mass g 13 Percent Wing Weight 14 Moment of Inertia of Wings mg mm2 15 Wing Span mm 16 Wing Span cm 17 Wing Span m 18 Mass of muscle mg 19 Mass of muscle g 20 Percent Muscle Mass 21 Large Pectoral Muscle Mass g 22 Percent Large Pectoral Mass 23 Small Pectoral Muscle Mass g 24 Percent Small Pectoral Mass 25 Ratio Large Small Pectoral 26 Mass of heart mg 27 Mass of heart g 28 Percent Heart Mass 29 Aspect Ratio 30 Wing Loading mg mm2 31 Wing Loading g cm2 Desired x data The user first chooses what data will be on the x axis option 2 is chosen in this example which brings up the following prompt Desired y data The user will now enter what number corresponding to the data on the y axis option 4 is chosen for t
10. en prompted if they wish to exclude data based on type by the prompt Do you wish to exclude data based on type Y N For this example I will not exclude based on type but the process is identical to excluding data based on type The data is now extracted and the user is prompted to enter any key to return to the main menu It should be noted that there is not any data return to the user through this operation nor is there a plot a generated The change appears in the data structure itself A new entry in the structure is created which contains all of the extracted datasets as part of a cell array of separated data structures This data can then be used offline for further analysis Accessing the structure displays for the options chosen previously yield xDataLabel Mass mg yDataLabel Wing Length mm categorizationCriteria Class Classes 1x1 struct Types 1x1 struct all 1x1 struct grouped 1x1 struct 1x1 struct 1x1 struct where Classes and Types contains lists of all of the included and excluded classes and types respectively all contains arrays of the chosen x and y data along with lists of the class and type of each data entry and grouped contains separate data structures for each of the included categories The grouped data structures include a string identifying the categorization as well as arrays containing the desired x and y data PAGE 12 VIRGINIA CENTER FO
11. er is not asked whether to include reptiles pterosaurs because the database does not include reptiles with the requisite data They user is then prompted if they wish to exclude data based on type by the prompt Do you wish to exclude data based on type Y N For this example I will not exclude based on type but the process is identical to excluding data based on type Now that the final dataset has been extracted a plot can be made The user is prompted what type of plot they wish to generate with the following prompt PAGE 14 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 102 E E D j aa D 10 Insecta Mammalia Aves 0 10 10 10 104 108 Mass mg Figure 1 An example plot made by the animal database What type of plot do you wish to create 1 Linear 2 Semi Log x 3 Semi Log y 4 Log Log Plot type For this example option 4 a log log plot is chosen This generates the following plot shown in figure 1 PAGE 15 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 3 Known Issues The following is a list of known issues as of November 30 2015 Issue Solution Work Around Status Entering a value of 0 or 1 not possible while edit ing the data in an entry No solution proposed limita tion of structure of database This is not considered to be an important issue as the ph
12. his example The program will extract the 2D data automatically and return a menu similar to Collecting Data This may take a few moments Collection Complete There are 997 entries with the desired data How would you like to categorize the data 0 Cancel and exit 1 Do not categorize 2 Class e g avians or insects PAGE 11 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 3 Type e g butterflies or albatrosses Enter the number corresponding to the desired categorization Notice that it informs the user of the number of data points that include the requisite data This prompt is asking the user how they want data categorized which will determine what is include in the legend For this example option 2 is selected This brings up the following prompt Do you wish to exclude data based on class Y N If the user enters Y they will be prompted with all of the classes included in the extracted data and ask whether they want to be included For this example only insects birds and bats will be included which is done through the following inputs Do you wish to exclude data based on class Y N Y For the following classes enter 1 to include or 0 to exclude Insecta 1 Mammalia 1 Actinopterygii 0 Aves 1 Notice that the user is not asked whether to include reptiles pterosaurs because the database does not include reptiles with the requisite data They user is th
13. hould work and will produce a plot without logarithmic axes The axes can be change to log log or semi log manually using plot tools PAGE 1 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN Table 1 Files required for the Animal Database Filename Description AnimalDatabase p This is the primary script for interacting with the animal database When run it prompts the user for input and provides on screen instructions in the command window AnimalData_v3 mat This file contains all of the animal data If you choose to AnimalDatabase p will modify the contents this database but by de fault changes will not be saved The v3 refers to modifications made in order to improve the formatting of the database There are no functional differences so previous versions are not included appendEntry p This function is called by AnimalDatabase p and is used to add an ad ditional entry to the database This entry is added to the end of the database accessEntry p This function is called by AnimalDatabase p and is used to display all of the data for a chosen entry This does not change the entry merely displays all of the data Also includes a list of data not contained in the entry addToEntry p This function is called by AnimalDatabase p and is used to add data to an already extant entry Cannot edit data already in the entry editEntry p This function is
14. iven its publication date it is not particularly accessible by modern standards 2 Operation The purpose of this chapter is to describe how to operate the database It starts with basic set up and continues through on interact with the database and extract data and plots from the database Additionally it will be demonstrated how to add data to the database 2 1 Initializing the Database Before beginning ensure that all of the files listed in Table 1 are in the current directory To start the database enter AnimalDatabase into the command window or run the file any other way and the following message appears This is the interface for the animal database The purpose of this interface is to enable rapid access and analysis of the animal database primarily focusing on plotting the data and discovering trends Please answer the following questions for intialization Please answer Y or N without quotes If something is entered other than Y or N the answer is assumed to be N You will then be asked a series of questions about initializing the script These questions are Do you wish to clear your worksapce recommened Y N Do you wish to close your figures recommened Y N Do you wish to save changes to the database NOT recommened Y N PAGE 3 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN Respond to these questions by entering Y or N If an unrecog
15. n Name of Type of Animal Passerines Mass mg 11000 Mass g 11 Wing Length mm 50 7 Wing Length cm 5 07 Wing Area mm2 4840 Wing Area cm2 48 4 Wing Loading mg mm2 2 2727 Wing Loading g cm2 0 22727 Missing Data Comments Suborder Subclade Wing Model from source 3 Flight Mode Flight Mode French Primary Food Source Wing beat Rate Hz Hind Wing Length mm Length of both wings mm Length of both wings cm Wing Mass mg Wing Mass g Percent Wing Weight t As of November 30 2015 there are 1655 entries PAGE 5 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN Moment of Inertia of Wings mg mm2 Wing Span mm Wing Span cm Wing Span m Mass of muscle mg Mass of muscle g Percent Muscle Mass Large Pectoral Muscle Mass g Percent Large Pectoral Mass Small Pectoral Muscle Mass g Percent Small Pectoral Mass Ratio Large Small Pectoral Mass of heart mg Mass of heart g Percent Heart Mass Aspect Ratio Press any key to continue Press any key to return to the main menu This operation makes no changes to the database 2 2 3 Edit Entry Choosing option 2 Edit entry at the main menu allows you to access one particular entry for editing The database will prompt you for the entry number that you want to edit For example if 1066 is chosen the output will database will display Editing data for entry 1066 This operation is for editing and dele
16. nized character is entered the recommended choice is selected i e the workspace is cleared figures are closed and changes will not be saved After the database is initialized a menu of operations is presented It should be noted that saving refers to saving data to the permanent database a temporary data structured called DATA will be in the workspace after the database is closed which includes all of the changes that were made while accessing the database 2 2 Interacting with the Database The primary means of interacting with the database is by entering numbers corresponding to options in various menus This section will describe the purpose of every option in the menu 2 2 1 Main Menu This menu calls the other functions to perform requested tasks After the other tasks are complete you are return to this menu If you choose not to save changes the main menu appears as Please choose from the following options Exit Access entry Edit entry Add data to entry Append entry to database Extract a 2D dataset Create 2D plot O NMN 40NRO Choose task To choose an operation simply enter the number corresponding the desired operation When you are done enter 0 to exit Upon exit you will receive confirmation that the database was closed successfully and that data was wasn t saved if applicable 2 2 2 Access Entry If the user desires to view a particular entry in the database he she will sele
17. ooses what data will be on the x axis option 2 is chosen in this example which brings up the following prompt Desired y data The user will now enter what number corresponding to the data on the y axis option 4 is chosen for this example The program will extract the 2D data automatically and return a menu similar to Collecting Data This may take a few moments Collection Complete There are 997 entries with the desired data How would you like to categorize the data 0 Cancel and exit 1 Do not categorize 2 Class e g avians or insects 3 Type e g butterflies or albatrosses Enter the number corresponding to the desired categorization Notice that it informs the user of the number of data points that include the requisite data This prompt is asking the user how they want data categorized which will determine what is include in the legend For this example option 2 is selected This brings up the following prompt Do you wish to exclude data based on class Y N If the user enters Y they will be prompted with all of the classes included in the extracted data and ask whether they want to be included For this example only insects birds and bats will be included which is done through the following inputs Do you wish to exclude data based on class Y N Y For the following classes enter 1 to include or 0 to exclude Insecta 1 Mammalia 1 Actinopterygii 0 Aves 1 Notice that the us
18. rs refer to the following sources PAGE 2 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 1 Jepsen G L Baker R J Vaughan T A Orr R T Griffin D R Davis W H Rosenbaum R M 1970 Biology of Bats Volume I W A Wimsatt Ed 1st ed New York New York USA Academic Press 2 Greenwalt C H 1962 Dimensional Relationships for Flying Ani mals Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections 144 2 146 Retrieved from http www biodiversitylibrary org item 79674 3 Hazlehurst G A amp Rayner J M V 1992 Flight Characteristics of Triassic and Jurassic Pterosauria An Appraisal Based on Wing Shape Paleobiology 18 4 447463 Retrieved from http www jstor org stable 2400829 4 Norberg U M Allometry of Bat Wings and Legs and Comparison with Bird Wings Philo sophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences vol 292 Jun 1981 pp 359398 5 Warham J Wing loadings wing shapes and flight capabilities of procellariiformes New Zealand Journal of Zoology vol 4 Mar 1977 pp 7383 6 Farney J and Fleharty E D Aspect Ratio Loading Wing Span and Membrane Areas of Bats Journal of Mammalogy vol 50 May 1969 pp 362367 As previously stated each of these sources were chosen to attempt to increase the diversity of data The majority of the data comes from Source 2 which was a similarly motivated publication although g
19. the Animal Database o 0020000 0s DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 1 Introduction Although there are numerous sources for the physical characteristics of flying animals see section 1 3 for a few examples there are no data sets that are both publicly available and easily accessible To remedy this situation a database of various physical properties of flying animals were developed 1 1 System Requirements From the start this database was designed to be as platform agnostic as possible It has been tested on Windows 7 8 and 8 1 Max OSX Mavericks and Yosemite and Linux Elementary OS 0 3 Freya an Ubuntu 14 04 LST derivative It requires MATLAB 2014b or later This database will NOT run on MATLAB 2014a or earlier due to a change in how graphics are handled 1 2 File Structure All of the files are attached to this PDF in a single zip archive The files included are protected MATLAB files p files Since they are p files they cannot be editted but they can be run Down load this archive and extract it to a single directory This directory should contain all of the files contained in Table 1 All of the files required to run the database are attached to this document Most modern PDF readers can download these files Save the Zip archive to your computer then extract to a convenient location The only issue with earlier versions is when it comes to switching the axes to semi log or log log The rest of the program s
20. ting extant data only Use the Add Data to entry operation to add data to a missing category What would you like to edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Source Current Value 2 Latin Name Current Value Troglodytes a aedon Common Name Current Value House wren Sex Current Value m Table Number Current Value 14 Table Comments Current Value Wing length measurements from different sources Phylum Current Value Chordata Superclass Subphylum Current Value Tetrapoda Class Current Value Aves 10 Order Current Value Passeriformes 11 Family Current Value Troglodytidae 12 Common Name of Type of Animal Current Value Passerines 13 Mass mg Current Value 11000 PAGE 6 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 14 Mass g Current Value 11 15 Wing Length mm Current Value 50 7 16 Wing Length cm Current Value 5 07 17 Wing Area mm2 Current Value 4840 18 Wing Area cm2 Current Value 48 4 19 Wing Loading mg mm2 Current Value 2 2727 20 Wing Loading g cm2 Current Value 0 22727 Enter number of data you want to edit 0 to exit Entering 0 returns to main menu and entering the number corresponding to the value you wish to change brings up the following 10 Order Current Value Passeriformes is chosen as an example Editing Order Entry Instructions 10 Order Current Value This is a testChange Enter a new value must
21. tio Large Small Pectoral PAGE 8 VIRGINIA CENTER FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS REPORT No 2015 02 DAVID WILLIAM ALLEN 26 Mass of heart mg 27 Mass of heart g 28 Percent Heart Mass 29 Aspect Ratio Select data you want to add 0 to exit Selecting one of the missing entries for example 10 brings up the following menu Adding Length of both wings cm Entry Instructions Add Enter a new value Cancel Enter 0 New Value Entering 0 returns the user to the previous menu and entering a value adds the data to the database For example if 100 is entered the database returns What would you like to add 1 Comments 2 Suborder Subclade 3 Wing Model from source 3 4 Flight Mode 5 Flight Mode French 6 Primary Food Source 7 Wing beat Rate Hz 8 Hind Wing Length mm 9 Length of both wings mm 10 Wing Mass mg 11 Wing Mass g 12 Percent Wing Weight 13 Moment of Inertia of Wings mg mm2 14 Wing Span mm 15 Wing Span cm 16 Wing Span m 17 Mass of muscle mg 18 Mass of muscle g 19 Percent Muscle Mass 20 Large Pectoral Muscle Mass g 21 Percent Large Pectoral Mass 22 Small Pectoral Muscle Mass g 23 Percent Small Pectoral Mass 24 Ratio Large Small Pectoral 25 Mass of heart mg This accepts both strings and numbers It is highly recommended that you only enter numbers where appro priate Failure to do so may lead to errors when plotting or extracting data
22. ysical parameters cannot have values of 1 or 0 so the only concern is that such a value may want to be entered as a comment Simply adding comma or any other charac ter after the value will allow it to be entered No planned change When excluding by class or type if all data is excluded the program will crash Any changes will be lost No solution A try catch struc ture may be added in a future release to improve error han dling Since this operation is Solution known Will be im plemented in the future not part of normal operation it is not a major issue References 1 G L Jepsen R J Baker T A Vaughan R T Orr D R Griffin W H Davis C P Lyman and R M Rosenbaum Biology of Bats Volume I New York New York USA Academic Press 1 ed 1970 C H Greenewalt Dimensional Relationships for Flying Animals Smithsonian miscellaneous G A Hazlehurst and J M V Rayner Flight Characteristics of Triassic and Jurassic Pterosauria An Appraisal Based on Wing Shape Paleobiology vol 18 no 4 pp 447 463 U M Norberg Allometry of Bat Wings and Legs and Comparison with Bird Wings Philo sophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences vol 292 pp 359 398 June J Warham Wing loadings wing shapes and flight capabilities of procellariiformes New i collections vol 144 no 2 pp 1 46 1962 3 1992 4

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