Welcome to MacTeX
Contents
1. TEX Live creates tables of contents from your division headings plus optional additional manual entries The contents section can also create lists of figures tables and equa tions For large projects you can produce a summary contents at the beginning of the document and detailed contents after the title page of each major division With TEX Live you can also make single level or multiple level indexes You can also create multiple indexes with different purposes for example a topic index and an index of locations Cross References and Hyperlinks Cross references and hyperlinks make documents easier to navigate Cross references tell readers where to find information in the current document see page 2 to read a quote from the original developer of TEX Hyperlinks create connections to external locations such as the website of the original developer of TEX Cross references can guide your reader to specified tables figures equations sections and pages all by number In addition to going to web addresses hyperlinks can di rect readers to other locations inside your document such as a list of things you can do when you publish your document as a PDF When you activate hyperlinks with the hyperref package the entries in your table of contents index footnotes and bibliog raphy automatically become internal hyperlinks Footnotes Glossaries Bibliographies Footnotes glossaries and bibliographies provide explanations clarific2. time and gives you the most beautiful results available at lease equivalent to the best commercial typesetting software sometimes better The definitions of One Two and Three are from 1913 Webster 10 Welcome to MacT X Children of TeX Using Your System Fonts Dr Knuth developed TEX in the 1970s and froze the code in the early 1980s At the time he also developed his own fonts to use with TeX He named them Computer Modern When he made TEX available to others at no cost he included the fonts They naturally served as the standard for many years But most things age Despite the age of TeX in terms of computer systems its output quality still exceeds that of 21st Century word processors and most commercial page publishing software However fonts have changed dramatically since the 1980s including the introduction of Unicode fonts for international typesetting Based on this evolution several devel opers began modifying TEX to use Unicode fonts and the system fonts of your computer The first such application to gain widespread use was Xq fX originally developed by Jonathan Kew and now taken over by others It came with extensions to TEX plus an expansion of KIX called XIEX X IFX provides easy access to most TrueType and Open Type fonts It supports Apple Advanced Typography and Graphite a smart font tech nology developed by SIL International X4IFX supports general publishing and tech nical publishing including mat
3. 331 html Leslie Lamport BIEX A Document Preparation System User s Guide And Reference Manual Addison Wesley Pub Co Reading Mass 2nd ed edition 1994 ISBN 0201529831 Frank Mittelbach Michel Goossens Johannes Braams and Chris Rowley The BIEX Com panion Addison Wesley Boston 2nd ed edition 2004 ISBN 0201362996 pbk alk paper Web Resources MacTEX Website http www tug org mactex TEX Live Website TEX Live is the parent distribution of Mac TFX http www tug org texlive TEX on Mac OS X Wiki http mactex wiki tug org MacTgX Mailing Lists http mactex wiki tug org wiki index php Mailing_lists 12 Welcome to MacT X Current Version of Welcome Doc This is Version 2 0 of Welcome to MacT X Distributed on May 20 2015 You can find the current version of this document at http www tug org mactex This document was prepared by Bob Kerstetter Thanks to Karl Berry Dick Koch and Herb Schulz for proofreading and making suggestions The author is responsible for its content including any omissions and errors Send your comments to tex villagehiker com Change History May 20 2015 Original release of Version 2 0 13
4. Welcome to MacTEX Welcome to MacTEX k WWF Or t OVOO h NIII O VYOH DSOVCDOr O OD WM Rex 3 OVI O a OWMVEOHO TOF Welome te MackTEX Wile ome to Vlac TE X Welcome to Mac TEX Table of Contents What You Can Do with Mac TEX 1 An Overly Modest View of TEX oo oeaan aa 2 Word Processors TEX and Formatting sa no 65580008645 2 The Difference Rests in the Formatting 2 0 auaa 3 Hints of What TEX Live Can Do for You aaaea 3 A Sampler of What TeX Live Does 4 About TEx Live Limitations and Fixes 2 nas su de oe a Se See eS 4 Document Str ctures s sad os Boe ewe ale ee ERE Se OS OS 5 Page Margins Odd and Even Numbered Pages Columns 6 Division Levels Tables of Contents Indexes 0 000 ee eevee 7 Cross References and Hyperlinks nnana aaaea 7 Footnotes Glossaries Bibliographies nnna aaaea 7 Floats Graphics Tables and Equations a a aoao 8 Languages Fonts Characters and Unicode o nonoa 9 Lists E merate Itemize Description sc s as geoi oa antea n teas 10 TEX Live An Aptitude for Details a aoaaa aaa 10 Children of TgX Using Your System Fonts 11 About The Learning Curve 11 Resources 12 BOOKS hod 2 ae oe EEDA OO AE RED REE Aw HOD ES 12 Web Resources ge eh HRP a eo Ree RE tem watea hE REGS ES 12 ii Welcome to MacT X What You Can Do with MacTfx MacTkxX is an OS X install package providing a completely configured and ready to use ve
5. ations and schol arly background information for your documents TEX Live can generate footnotes or endnotes with document wide sequential numbers or numbers restarted at division levels You can format your footnotes to match the requirements of your publication Once they are formatted they stay formatted Welcome to MacT X Bibliography creation in TEX Live provides an extraordinary number of options through formats classes packages and styles Together these allow you to create and publish a list of resources in any standard style You can also create one to meet your own needs You can find existing bibliography styles to match the requirements of almost all academic institutions professional publications and scholarly journals Many of these organizations can provide you with their style definition for TEX bibliographies You can manually enter your bibliographic sources into TeX source files or create an ex ternal database For an external database you can manually create your list of sources or use one of the computer assisted research tools such as BibDesk a very helpful application TEX Live provides commands for creating one or more glossaries These allow you to create lists of terms and definitions while leaving the formatting to TEX Live Figure 4 Color Rules by Lightwave Length See xcolor package for details Floats Graphics Tables and Equations Floats provide flexibility in publishing graphics tables and eq
6. ay TEX Live typesets in almost any language with a TrueType or OpenType font And it still does diacriticals and ligatures plus old style numbers small caps and many other typographical features It can type Japanese hiragana katakana and kanji plus Chinese kanji and other ideographic characters TEX typesets right to left left to right and top to bottom It also supports languages such as Afrikaans Czech Icelandic Luba Katanga Nyankole Swedish Aghem Danish Igbo Luo Oromo Swiss German Akan Duala Indonesian Luyia Polish Taita Albanian Dutch lrish jacedonian Portuguese Tajik Asu Embu Italian lachame Romanian Tasawaq Azerbaijani English Japanese jakhuwa Meetto Romansh Teso Bafia Esperanto Jola Fonyi akonde Rombo Tongan Bambara Estonian Kabuverdianu alagasy Rundi Turkish Basaa Ewe Kabyle alay Russian Turkmen Basque Ewondo Kalaallisut altese Rwa Ukrainian Belarusian Faroese Kalenjin anx Samburu Uzbek Bemba Filipino Kamba asai Sango Vietnamese Bena Finnish Kazakh eru Sangu Vunjo Bosnian French Kikuyu eta Sena Welsh Breton Fulah Kinyarwanda ongolian Serbian Yangben Bulgarian Galician Kirghiz orisyen Shambala Yoruba Catalan Ganda Koyra Chiini undang Shona Zarma C Atlas Tamazight German Koyraboro Senni Nama Slovak Zulu Chiga Greek Kwasio Ngomba Slovenian Chinese Gusii Langi North Ndebele Soga Congo Swahili Hausa Latvian Norwegian Bokmal Somali Cornish Hawaiian Lingala Norwegian Nynorsk Spanish Croatian Hungarian Lithuanian Nue
7. efine structures for document types suchas letters articles reports and books Developers can and do create new classes designed to meet their own needs One such class implements multiple columns with the ability to change the number of columns within a single page Packages alter and extend classes Some provide commands to customize text formats Others add new functions such as creating hypertext links making magazine style layouts and customizing headers and footers You can find dozens of classes and hundreds of packages on CTAN the Comprehensive TEX Archive Network all for free When you need a specialized capability there is probably a package waiting to serve your needs In summary while formats such as BIEX may not provide all design elements you need classes and packages probably can Sometimes you may need to search a little to find a class or package to fit your need Sometimes you may need to create your own format class package or macro You can also modifying existing ones Document Structures TX Live defines document structures using classes You can choose from various docu ment styles including classes for letters articles reports and books the four built in classes of KIX Classes provide commands for setting up document elements such as ti tle pages tables of contents abstracts acknowledgements bibliographies and indexes plus division levels for parts chapters sections and paragraphs Identical co
8. hematics It is compatible with most existing TEX and BIEX classes packages and macros This document was created using XqKIEX Graphite fonts and other TrueType and OpenType fonts The cover page was created entirely with X T X as were figures 2 3 and 4 Another project using Unicode fonts is LuaTgX LuaTgX is still in its early stages of de velopment Its most interesting feature is its ability to directly access typesetting func tions in the TeX systems It is compatible with BIEX and X I X The point here is the ongoing development of TeX and its offspring TEX Live is a liv ing and mature free publishing system with thousands of users worldwide and a huge support network About The Learning Curve If you use the built in styles of a word processor you can learn to use TX Live Even if you do not use word processing styles you can still learn As with any new software there is a learning curve for TeX Live even on the Macintosh But you are never alone when learning TeX Live This is because MacTfx itself receives support from one of the most active groups of users for any publishing software The Internet contains thousands of TgX tutorials FAQs and examples They exist on mailing lists wikis blogs websites and bulletin boards worldwide You can also benefit from the knowledge of people using TeX on Unix IBM mainframes Windows and other systems Because TEX operates the same on all machines knowl edge gained on the Mac
9. instantly translates to TeX wherever it works And visa versa 11 Welcome to MacT X Resources Books These are commonly used If you really want to understand TFX then read The Xbook written by Donald E Knuth the original developer It makes BIFX X I X and other children of TEX easier to understand The METAFONTbook is about the software used to make the originals TEX fonts Michael Doob A Gentle Introduction to TEX A Manual for Self Study CTAN 1993 This is a free PDF available from CTAN http ctan org pkg gentle Victor Eijkhout TEX by topic a TeXnician s Reference Addison Wesley Pub Co Woking ham England 1992 ISBN 0201568829 While this book is out print you can download a free PDF of the book from CTAN http ctan org pkg texbytopic Michel Goossens The BIEX Graphics Companion Addison Wesley Upper Saddle River NJ 2nd ed edition 2008 ISBN 9780321508928 pbk alk paper URL http www loc gov catdir toc ecip0713 2007010278 html Donald Ervin Knuth The TeXbook Volume A of Computers amp Typesetting Addison Wesley Reading Mass 1986 ISBN 0201134470 Donald Ervin Knuth The METAFONTbook Volume C of Computers amp Typesetting Addison Wesley Reading Mass 1986 ISBN 0201134454 hard Donald Ervin Knuth Digital Typography CSLI Lecture Notes No 78 CSLI Publications Stanford Calif 1999 ISBN 1575860112 cloth alk paper URL http www loc gov catdir description cam029 98027
10. mmands usually produce different results across various classes For in stance section headings look differently in articles and books Additionally articles insert no page breaks between their titles tables of contents and text Report and Welcome to MacT X book title pages and tables of contents appear on separate pages Finally some com mon commands are not available in all classes This applies to document division com mands in the letter class because letters generally need no section headings However you can find workarounds to add formatted section headings to letters if you really need to Classes enable flexibility for creating anything from newsletters to technical manuals to annual reports You can also design your own classes but doing this requires some toslisA Mirror Mirror Shadow Figure 3 Having Fun with Reflections Page Margins Odd and Even Numbered Pages Columns Good page design varies with the purpose of your publication and its means of distri bution For example the specifications of odd and even numbered pages depend on the final destination of your project When printing on one side or not printing at all you may want all pages to look the same For two sided printing you may oppositely offset odd and even numbered pages to create binding margins You may increase white space for margin notes or narrow the margins to reduce the number of printed pages The amount of text and graphic columns yo
11. nces of their system over conventional word processors TEX users sometimes refer to WYSIWYG as WYSIAYG or What You See Is All You Get What makes the difference between TEX Live and word processing Formatting The Difference Rests in the Formatting With a word processor you do the formatting with its potential inconsistencies As you word process you must remember to format everything every time From a TeX perspective amazingly efficient software does the formatting and leaves the content to you You tell TEX what you want and it does everything as you like it But suppose you want to do all of the formatting Can you do that with X of course you can if you really want to But TEX eases the tasks of formatting plus it produces beautiful typography Hints of What TeX Live Can Do for You TEX Live creates beautiful documents according to the commands you use It comes with hundreds of built in primitive commands and hundreds of additional ones cre ated by combining primitives into so called macros A sample macro might combine two primitives s1 for slanted text and bf for bold text to make a section com mand with slanted bold text When you tell TEX Live to format some text using this section heading the heading takes on the appearance of the command you specify This same concept applies to every division head paragraph sentence word and char acter in your document You provide the instructions TEX does the f
12. ormatting As amore specific example a section heading may appear as bold characters 12 points in size using Copperplate font with small caps A HYPOTHETICAL SECTION HEADING In addition to fonts the command for a section heading would also define space above and below the text text alignment and other typographical controls If you want to alter the appearance of the section heading you modify its settings The changes show up everywhere you use the section heading in your document But this just touches the surface because TEX Live provides extreme flexibility Welcome to MacTfxX A Sampler of What TEX Live Does TEX Live helps make publishing convenient and consistent by controlling almost every aspect of document formatting This benefits people in everyday life by saving time once you learn TEX Live As a real world example an economics consulting company saved 200 hours of production time each month by switching preparation of its detailed reports from a page publishing program to TeX Live When thoughtfully implemented TEX Live can help recover lost time by managing the formatting of your documents This section provides a sampling of the things TEX Live can do to lighten the format ting load so you can concentrate on content But first you need to understand some limitations SCR OU MN C H ee C RE gd Figure 2 Reshaping words with TEX Live About TEX Live Limitations and Fixes TEX Live is not all things publi
13. ors TeX and Formatting Near the beginning of the personal computer era developers created word process ing Since then word processors have gained some text manipulation and page layout abilities But essentially all 21st Century word processors publish text the same now as then exactly as you type it Word processor marketers used to call this What You See Is What You Get They abbreviated it as WYSIWYG and pronounced it as whiz e wig or something similar WYSIWYG works in more or less one way When you type Hello I love you Won t you tell me your name your obedient software prints everything just as you entered it Hello I love you Won t you tell me your name While this may be nice on occasion suppose you were nervously hurrying and typing poorly Your output in this circumstance may look like a harassment note instead of a first indication of possible affection But TeX can take care of that Type the exact same thing in TeX Live with the exact same spacing and line breaks and you could very easily get xy 7 7 y Hella Fiu you Wan t vou tell me your name 2 Donald Ervin Knuth The TXbook Volume A of Computers amp Typesetting Addison Wesley Reading Mass 1986 ISBN 0201134470 Welcome to MacT X TEX Live corrects your spacing not your spelling and line breaks And it uses a beau tiful font and color you requested This is for most purposes much better than WYSI WYG Aware of the differe
14. ou can use TEX Live for almost all types of printing and publishing activities from very simple to extremely detailed Write a letter or publish a memoir gt Design a poster or create a product catalog gt Generate a brochure or produce a textbook Construct a newsletter or fashion an annual report You can print your output or package it as a PDF or publish it as HTML In fact you can do almost anything with TEX Live from a publishing point of view Finding a common term to describe the documents produced by a full TeX system is difficult This is because documents created by TEX BIEX and Xq gX differ from each other in subtle ways This document refers to them all as TeX Live documents because they all come from the TEX Live system Welcome to MacT X An Overly Modest View of TeX TeX the original ancestor of TeX Live is a free multilingual typesetting system de signed for the creation of beautiful books and especially for books that contain a lot of mathematics While this understated official description comes from TFX devel oper Donald E Knuth it may make the system sound very specialized The opposite is true In addition to beautiful equations TEX produces the most beautiful text avail able for general publishing But does this really matter in the era of email tweets and texts Give it a try Your love letters business communications and mathematical treatises may benefit Word Process
15. r Swahili This is a partial list compiled from the languages supported by fonts in the Mac OS X fonts library Welcome to MacT X Lists Enumerate Itemize Description TEX Live does lists nicely The types of lists include Itemized These lists separate items with bullets gt 6 gt any Z gt lt A Enumerated Once you set them numbered lists stay numbered They never renum ber themselves or combine themselves with previous or next numbered lists areas where word processors struggle 1 Ready 2 Set 3 Go Description Description lists are for items needing long explanations One A single unit as one is the base of all numbers Two The sum of one and one the number next greater than one and next less than three two units or objects Three The number greater by a unit than two three units or objects TeX Live An Aptitude for Details The foregoing attributes provide a small sampling of what TEX Live formats for you And there is more From here its aptitudes become more subtle as it forms charac ters into words words into lines lines into paragraphs and paragraphs into pages It correctly typesets left to right right to left and vertically It works to create smooth margins with evenly spaced words and without character spacing It manages widow and orphan lines and attempts to prevent difficult page breaks Sometimes it requires manual intervention But overall it saves
16. rsion of TeX Live Produced by TeX User Groups worldwide TX Live consists of the TEX typesetting system and friends such as BIFX XqIpX and LuaTpX TEX Live enables you to create any variety of documents from wedding invitations to books You work with an editor such as TeXShop or a graphical user interface program such as LyX 1 eoo 4x WelcomeToMacTeX tex Typeset XelaTeX Macros Tags Templates t Ea Page 3 of 15 ovm ajaja Welcome to MacX 1s section What You Can Do with Mac TeX 16 pagenumbering arabic What You Can Do with MackX 17 Mac jX is an OS X install package providing a completely configured and read to use 18 Mac TeX isan OS X install package providing a completely configured and version of TX Live Produced by TeX User Groups worldwide T X Live consists of the bi ha X typesetting system and friends such as MIX Xal X and LuaTpX TX Live enables read to use version of TeX Live Produced by TeX User Groups worldwide you to create any variety of documents from wedding invitations to books You work with an editor such as TeXShop or a graphical user interface program such as LyX TeX Live consists of the TeX typesetting system_and friends such as LaTeX _ XeTeX and _Lua TeX TeX Live enables you to create any variety of documents footnote Finding a common term to describe the documents produced by a full TeX system is difficult This is_beca
17. shing to all people But its flexibility makes it come close Consider some limitations of the popular BIFX format A format consists of a structured group of related TEX macros These macros define everything from page margins to character styles BIEX is the primary and most well known format of TeX Originally the work of devel oper Leslie Lamport KIFX provides macros to easily access most TEX functions such as 4 Welcome to MacT X setting up document structures creating tables of contents generating indexes and constructing various types of lists But it also defines document formatting from the viewpoint of one person the developer The formatting macros in BIEX never work for everyone unmodified that is For example out of box BIEX implements multiple columns as one column or two A new page begins each time you switch between one and two columns This can produce some genuine pain when designing a document with varying numbers of columns KIFX also defines typographic standards according to the tastes of the developer While thoughtfully designed these standards do not meet the needs of everyone To address these issues BIEX offers access hooks into its macros for making minor changes KIX also contains designed in flexibility for other developers to alter and extend its capabilities and behaviors The majority of users bend KI X to their needs by using classes and packages to alter and extend its capabilities Classes d
18. u choose varies with page width and size of graphics These considerations and others make page design complex and potentially difficult to manage TX Live classes and packages provide commands to make page design easier Classes specify default margins page layout and number of columns You can change these with class options and commands from page design packages To make life easier some packages allow you to specify just the measurements you want to control left and rights margins for example and then automatically adjust all other settings to match the best practices of publishing Welcome to MacT X Division Levels Tables of Contents Indexes Division levels provide a framework for your publication making it easier to under stand at a glance A table of contents and an index makes information easier to find especially in large documents Articles prepared in TeX Live contain three levels of sections plus paragraphs You can number the division headings or make them unnumbered You can also number para graphs Reports add chapters above the sections Each chapter automatically starts on a new page but you can override this You can also require all chapters to start on ei ther odd numbered or even numbered pages Books provide optional parts in addition to the chapters Parts automatically start on new pages You can number pages con secutively throughout your publication or restart numbering at specified document divisions
19. uations Each of these objects goes inside a specialized wrapper called an environment Environments can move outside the normal flow of text For example a table may float to the top of a page away from its neighboring text but still nearby Floats can also move to the bottom of a page or simply stay where you originally placed them if you disable their ability to float In some cases you tell all floats to move to the end of a section You can then guide readers to your graphics tables and equations through cross referencing as described on page 7 Table floats can contain any type of information including rows and columns of tab ular data Graphics from external sources such as jpeg images float in the figure 3Bibliography styles tells TEX Live how to format bibliography entries Welcome to MacT X environment You can scale crop position and rotate graphics With a special type of picture environment you can draw pictures by specifying the sizes and locations of basic objects lines circles arrows and text Equation floats contain beautifully type set equations the primary motivation for the original development of TEX All floats provide for captions and can appear in the lists below the table of contents Languages Fonts Characters and Unicode In the beginning TEX could work for any language built around roman characters A B C and basic diacriticals A A A And it could typeset ligatures A CE Tod
20. use documents created by TeX LaTeX and XeTeX differ from each other in subtle ways This document refers to them all as TeX Live documents because they all come from_ the TeX Live system from wedding invitations to books You work with an_ menare ESD a eo j e t ERE e r taa user Intertace D p a LyX Figure 1 You create and change TjX Live files with an editor You supply content and 3 et commands TX Live does the formatting 20 begin figure h 4 TEX Live operates cross platform on OS X Linux Windows and Unix plus virtually all other current computer systems Documents produced with TEX Live on the Macin 2 includegraphics width textwidth MacTeXTeXShopText jpg tosh typeset identically on Windows or Unix with the same linefeeds page breaks Sma ea Fete ca el Ea a fonts and illustrations This makes collaboration trivial regardless of the computing Figure 1 You create and change TEX Live files with an editor You supply content and commands TFX Live does the formatting TEX Live operates cross platform on OS X Linux Windows and Unix plus virtually all other current computer systems Documents produced with TFX Live on the Macin tosh typeset identically on Windows or Unix with the same linefeeds page breaks fonts and illustrations This makes collaboration trivial regardless of the computing platforms involved What you can do with TEX Live depends on your familiarity with its capabilities Y
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