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1. 1994 Motorola MC9S12C Family Reference Manual Motorola Inc Rev 01 23 2007 Motorola MC9S12C Programming Reference Guide Motorola Inc 20012. in decimal DELAY DEX DELAY is a user defined label All labels must begin in the first column and have a length of not more than 8 characters DEX DEcrement register X is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to decrement the X register contents by 1 BNE DELAY BNE Branch if Not Equal to zero is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to branch to label DELAY if the result after execution of the last instruction was zero PULA PULA PULI A is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to retrieve the contents of accumulator A which were stored on the stack with the last PSHA instruction and store the value in the A accumulator SWI SWI SoftWare Interrupt is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to store the registers on the stack set the I bit the Interrupt bit in the CCR load the program counter with the address stored in the SWI interrupt vector and resume program execution at this location If no address is stored in the SWI vector the main program will stop execution at this point END END END is an assembler directive which tells the assembler that this is the end of the code References Georgia Institute of Technology George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering ME 4447 Control System Components Laboratory Manual 1989 Georgia Institute of Technology George W Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering ME 3056 Experimental Methodology Laboratory Manual Summer Quarter
3. kit and can run on any IBM PC or compatible Instruction A program command which can be executed by the HCS12 and used to perform a logical operation A program is a sequence of instructions provided by the programmer which causes the computer HCS12 to perform a given task Directive An instruction to the assembler which is not a part of the program The directive directs the assembler to perform certain operations and defines the data and variables used in the program Mneumonic An abridged form or acronym representing an assembly language instruction For example LDAA stands for LoaD Accumulator A Sample Program Program L1 ME 4447 ME 6405 x This program was written to demonstrate assembly language for the Motorola HCS12 An in the first column signifies that the line will be used for comments and not for mnemonic instructions ORG 1000 ORG ORiGin is an assembler directive which tells the assembler to assemble the code for downloading into RAM starting at address 1000 the character indicates to the assembler that the number to follow will be in hex PSHA PSHA PuSH A is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to store the contents of register A on the stack LDAA 10101010 LDAA LoaD Accumulator A is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to load accumulator A with the binary number 10101010 which is equivalent to AA in hex The character indicates to the assembler that the number to follo
4. LAB Lla Interfacing the HCS12 Microcontroller with a PC Objectives 1 Show how to physically connect the CML 12C32 to a host computer 2 Learn about MON12 and understand how it is used with the HCS12 3 Practice compiling and downloading a program to the CML 12C32 4 Investigate the program operation by using MON12 commands Introduction The purpose of this lab is to familiarize the student with how to communicate with the HCS12 using a PC This communication process includes the physical connections made between the PC and the HCS12 as well as downloading debugging and running assembly code HCS12 Background The MC9S12 family or HCS12 is one of the most powerful and widely used 16 bit microprocessor families in current use The HCS12 is far more capable and flexible than its predecessor the Motorola M6800 series microprocessor as well as the Zilog Z80 the Intel 8085 and the HC11 microprocessors which dominated the 1980 s The M6800 was first introduced in the 1970 s Beginning in 1984 the HC11 was initially incorporated into a Chrysler engine control system the Canon EOS automatic 35 mm camera the Delco Electronics Corp engine control module as well as Scientific Atlanta s satellite descrambler system Since the HC11 s 8 bit architecture was shown to be so flexible the HC11 was then incorporated into Conner Peripherals disk drive Fisher Rosemount digital volt meters Ford instrument clusters as well as Motorola cellular ph
5. PULA instruction 1A 26 Your report should include a copy of the sample program with a title block listing your name lab number and date and the LST file Program Monitoring and Debugging using MON12 The EVB was designed along with a monitor debugging program called MON12 which is contained in the internal flash EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory A monitor program is a program that takes control of the computer when it is first turned on so that it can be used For example in IBM PC s and compatibles the monitor program starts by checking memory and then searching for a disk that contains DOS the Disk Operating System On the EVB MON12 takes control of the HCS12 upon start up and allows the user to read and write memory as well as examine debug programs Debugging is performed through the use of EVB monitor commands These commands can be used at the gt prompt after communication has been established with the HCS12 Three examples are shown below For further details of the debugger see the Monl2man PDF file located on the Axiom CD Rom Register Modify command RM This command is used to read or modify the contents of the HCS12 s register set This set includes the program counter P Y index Y X index X A accumulator A B accumulator B Condition Code Register C and stack pointer S register contents gt RM Return P 1140 Y F801 X 6FE3 A DE B 0F C E2 S 0054 P 1140
6. The first line is the command entered by the user The second line is MON12 output which contains the current HCS12 register contents in hex The third line is also MON12 output which waits for the user to modify the contents of the program counter if desired If you don t wish to modify the register s contents a Return at this point will return the user to the prompt without changing the contents of the program counter To modify the program counter contents just type in the new hex value at the cursor location indicated with the _ character and press Return Note if you want to debug your program starting at the first line of code and you have just finished running your program you will need to reset the program counter to the starting address of your code To modify the contents of any of the other registers just type the RM command followed by a space and the letter which represents that register e g gt RM A Return Memory Display command MD This command is used to display a block of memory specified by the user gt MD 1150 1170 Return 1150 EF FF DE 23 2E E5 CD 33 45 67 BF BB 6B 4E DA Al 1160 55 41 46 72 05 00 FF E4 3B CA 67 7B 9D 33 BE B5 gt The first line is the command entered by the user The second line is MON12 output which contains the current contents in hex of memory locations 1150 through 115F i e the contents of 1150 are EF the contents of 1151 are FF etc The third line contains the curre
7. d B referred to as a single 16 bit accumulator D when A amp B are cascaded so as to allow for operations involving 16 bits two 16 bit registers X and Y a 16 bit program counter a 16 bit stack pointer and an 8 bit Condition Code Register Requirement 1A 1 Follow the steps listed below to establish communication between the HCS12 and the PC CML 12C32 Evaluation Board User s Manual may be useful here 1 Attach the serial cable 9 pin D to one of the serial ports com 1 or com 2 port on the back of the PC and then to the terminal port connector on the EVB 2 Use the included 9V wall adapter to supply power to the EVB Communication using the AxIDE Program l oN Type in the sample program listed below in the ASCII editor of your choice and save with the ASM extension e g NAME ASM AxIDE does not support long file names therefore it is better to store the file under C and try not to use space for your folder or file name Open AxIDE There is a shortcut to the program located on the desktop When the main program window appears click on File then Options the Options dialog box should appear In the Options dialog change the port setting to baud 9600 data bits 8 parity none stop bits 1 and handshaking all off Press the OK button On the pull down menu at the top of the window select CML12C32 Press the Reset button on the EVB The MON12 prompt Axiom MON12 HCS12 Mo
8. nitor Debugger gt should appear on the PC screen Press E for external memory If you do not get the MON12 prompt unplug and reconnect the power supply If you still do not get the prompt see your TA Press the Build button In the dialog box that appears press the browse button and select the file you created in step 1 Then press the ok button A list file of your program should appear Check the list file If there are no errors in the list file a S19 file with the same name of the file created in Step 1 was made e g NAME S19 Type LOAD T then press Return the HCS12 is now listening Select the Upload button In the Upload dialog box click Browse A file selection dialog box will appear 10 Select the S19 file that you created and click on Ok 11 At the gt prompt type GO 1000 to run your code Requirement 1A 2 Answer the following questions explaining possibly through examples why each event occurred 1A 21 What are the contents of the stack pointer SP after execution of the PSHA instruction 1A 22 What is the status of the Z bit in the Condition Code Register CCR after execution of the ANDA instruction 1A 23 What are the contents of memory location 2000 hex after execution of the second INC instruction 1A 24 What is the status of the C bit in the CCR after execution of the ADDA instruction 1A 25 What are the contents of the stack pointer after execution of the
9. nt contents of memory locations 1160 through 116F The user specifies the range of addresses to display as shown above on line one If the second address is not specified 9 lines of memory are displayed starting at the address that was entered The contents of any RAM Random Access Memory locations can be changed using the Memory Modify MM command ROM Read Only Memory locations cannot be changed Trace command TR or T This command allows the user to monitor program execution on an instruction by instruction basis gt TR Return Op 86 P 1102 Y F801 X 6FE3 A DE B 0F C E2 S 0054 gt The first line is the command entered by the user The second line is MON12 output which displays the Op Code Op 86 of the instruction LDAA at which the program counter was pointing 1100 In this example 86 is the Op Code for the LDAA LoaD Accumulator A instruction which is stored in memory at 1100 LDAA is a 2 byte instruction so it resides in memory at locations 1100 and 1101 To trace through several lines of code type in the TR command followed by a hex number between 01 and FF e g TR 05 Assembly programming definitions Source Code A list of instructions your program logic and directives which the assembler operates on See sample program below Assembler A computer program that translates source code programs into machine language programs that the HCS12 can use We use the AS11 assembler which is provided by Axiom with the EVB
10. ones e g MicroTAC Elite personal cellular phone Today there are more than 60 derivatives of the HC11 with a large variety of options Probably one of the most popular uses of the HC11 is within the automotive industry A large number of automobiles use the HC11 for the brains in their Electronic Control Modules ECM s Currently the HC11 is found in many Delco Electronics applications which include airbags antilock brakes vehicle electronics instrumentation and suspension as well as engine and transmission control For example Saturn s anti lock braking system and transmission controller are both based on the HC11 Saturn s transmission controller works by using fuzzy logic to assist in braking on downhill grades The actual MC9S12C MicroController Unit MCU is a single chip MCU with on chip memory and peripheral functions which resides on the EVB The EVB contains the necessary peripherals e g RAM RS 232 drivers and receivers etc which allow the user to communicate i e run debug and evaluate assembly code programs with the actual HCS12 chip via a PC The MC9S12C or HCS12 for short is a 16 bit microcontroller family from Freescale Semiconductor Originally introduced in the mid 1990s the architecture is an enhancement of the Freescale 68HC11 previously described Programs written for the HC11 are usually compatible with the HCS12 which has a few extra instructions Like the 68HC11 the MC9S12C has two 8 bit accumulators A an
11. w will be in binary The character indicates to the assembler that the following number is to be loaded directly into the A accumulator The statement LDAA C200 would indicate to the assembler that the value stored in memory at address C200 hex was to be loaded into the A accumulator ANDA 01010101 ANDA AND A is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to logically AND the contents in accumulator A with the binary value 01010101 55 in hex and store the result in accumulator A The original contents in accumulator A will be overwritten STAA 2000 STAA STore Accumulator A is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to store the contents of accumulator A into memory at address 2000 hex INC 2000 INC INCrement is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to increment the contents of memory at address 2000 hex by 1 INC 2000 INC INCrement is a mnemonic instruction which again tells the HCS12 to increment the contents of memory at address 2000 hex by 1 LDAA 80 LDAA LoaD Accumulator A is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to load accumulator A with the hex number 80 ADDA 80 ADDA ADD accumulator A is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to add 80 in hex to the contents of accumulator A and store the result in accumulator A The original contents in accumulator A will be overwritten LDX 100 LDX LoaD register X is a mnemonic instruction which tells the HCS12 to load the X register with 100
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