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PDA 1252 User Manual V.1.02

1. Note Clicking the Polling button on the Tool Bar is the same as selecting Instantaneous Polling from the menu bar Clicking the Phasors button on the Tool Bar is the same as selecting Phasors from the menu bar G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 roi 7 2 Real Time Readings 7 2 1 Instantaneous Polling MH To view instantaneous polling data for the connected PDA 1252 Analyzer either select Instantaneous Polling from the Real Time Polling menu or click the Polling button on the Tool Bar The Instantaneous Polling screen appears Nexus Polling Volts DELTA Current 1 p Volts A Waveform Instantaneous Instantaneous Maximum A N N A Po 071 os B H N A e ofa 1 06 C N N A ET ol AB 24655 owl oog B C 24743 owl O ca 2993 AUX oo Frequency ELE Real Power WY Total Inst 200 26 N A NZA N A Average 17659 N A NZA N A Maximum 317 46 Nal NZA A Maximum Reactive Power vars i Apparent Power VAs Total C B Inst E N A N A N A Average 2121 ONA N A NAA Maximum 111 17 Nal NA NA Maximum MIE N A N A N A NW The graphic representation on the right side of the screen displays the options listed in the pull down menu beneath it Volts A B C Current A B C Select either spectrum or waveform view by clicking on the Spectrum Waveform button e Click the radio button in the lower right corner to select
2. NW However when monitors can be connected directly to the measured circuit such as direct connection to 480 volt bus the user may often see higher order harmonic distortion An important rule in any harmonics study is to evaluate the type of equipment and connections before drawing a conclusion Not being able to see harmonic distortion is not the same as not having harmonic distortion M tis common in advanced meters to perform a function commonly referred to as waveform capture Waveform capture is the ability of a meter to capture a present picture of the voltage or current waveform for viewing and harmonic analysis Typically a waveform capture will be one or two cycles in duration and can be viewed as the actual waveform as a spectral view of the harmonic content or a tabular view showing the magnitude and phase shift of each harmonic value Data collected with waveform capture is typically not saved to memory Waveform capture 1s a real time data collection event Waveform capture should not be confused with waveform recording that is used to record multiple cycles of all voltage and current waveforms in response to a transient condition G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 12 1 5 Power Quality M Power quality can mean several different things The terms power quality and power quality problem have been applied to all types of conditions A simple definition of power quality problem is any voltage current or
3. NW Use windows at the top of the screen to view a choice of Groups and Registers Type in a Start and End time E To make changes on this screen click OK and return to the main Communicator EXT screen In the Device Profile make changes to Time of Use settings e To Copy the data into another program click Copy Paste into your new document e Click Export to send the data to another device e Click Print to send a copy of the screen to a printer e Click OK to return to the main Communicator EXT screen G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 7 13 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Chapter 8 EN 50160 Flicker 8 1 Overview Flicker is the sensation that is experienced by the human visual system when it is subjected to changes occurring in the illumination intensity of light sources The primary effects of flicker are headaches irritability and sometimes epilepsy IEC 61000 4 15 and former IEC 868 describe the methods used to determine flicker severity This phenomenon is strictly related to the sensitivity and the reaction of individuals It can only be studied on a statistical basis by setting up suitable experiments among people 8 2 Theory of Operation Flicker can be caused by voltage variations which are caused by variable loads such as arc furnaces laser printers and microwave ovens In order to model the eye brain change which is a complex physiological process the signal from the pow
4. symbol in front of the CT PT Ratios Settings The Initial or Current CT and PT Settings for the unit appear 4 Click on any of the CT PT DU LA B C 1000 00 1 00 pete lim 1 00 1 00 The CT and PT Settings screen YAB C 120 00 120 00 appears rf ft 4 VAUX 120 00 120 00 Hookup Delta 3 CTs Operational Frequency Range 20 65 Hz EF Limit and Waveform Full Scales G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 4 3 5 CT and PT Settings for the PDA 1252 Device Profile CT and PT Ratios art CT Ratio PT Ratio Line to Li can be changed by typing in settings SUN 7 a apie de TIM TIN ZU for Current and Voltage settings Current Current Voltage Voltage Use the pull down menus to select the ABC 1000 00 EM VA BC 120 00 120 00 Hookup and Frequency Range that best suit your application Check the 300 Volt Secondary box Hookup _ _ Voltage 300 Volt Option Only m 300 Volt Secondary When you change a PT or CT Ratio Communicator EXT updates the Operational Frequency Range corresponding Full Scale value entered in the Limit and Waveform Full Scales settings Communicator Ext IN 1 00 AUX Click OK to return to the Main Device i Now that you have changed the CT and or PT Ratios please verify the Limit fullscales are correct Profile screen A WARNING Screen pops up asking you to VERIFY the Limit Full Scales Device Profile Last Update Monday May 02 2005 at 11
5. PDA 1252 5A E 5 2 2005 8 29 30 567 AM PDA 1252 54 E 5 11 2005 4 26 15 117PM PDA 1252 54 E 15 11 2005 4 26 15 117PM PDA 1252 54 El 15 11 2005 42615117PM PDA 1252 54 E 15 11 2005 4 26 15 117 PM PDA 1252 54 E 15 11 2005 40316977PM PDA 1252 54 E 15 11 2005 4 03 16977PM 15 11 2005 4 03 16 977 PM 5 11 2005 4 03 16977PM 5 9 2005 3 49 40 017 PM 15 9 2005 3 49 40 017PM_ 15 9 2005 3 49 40 017 PM PAT A di AN 147 Pak d 4 otart 2 OO OOO E E E ee ee co A e To save the data to your clipboard right click with the cursor positioned anywhere in table e To view waveform information associated with a record or a range of records click on the record s and then click the Show Waveform Settings box on the left side of the screen e To view the PQ Waveform Settings click on the record s and then click the PQ Waveform Settings box e To view a waveform double click on the waveform record See section 5 9 for details on viewing waveforms e To adjust the column widths position the cursor between columns at the top of the screen When the cursor changes to a left right arrow hold down the left mouse button and drag the column border left or right Release the button when the column is at the desired width 5 12 Viewing the Power Quality Graph m To view a graph of any PO record click on the desired record and then click the Graph button The following screen appears Use the
6. 000000 000 amp k 00000 V h o00000 018 1 00031 NW Energy Secondary Energy Plus and Minus Watt VAR Energy Uncompensated Energy Otis and VA Readings Primary secondary Wh 0000000000031060 0000000000031080 Wh 0000000000000261 0000000000000261 e Click Print to send the data VARh 0000000000002809 0000000000002889 toa printer VARh _0000000000058757 0000000000058758 VAR 0000000000069812 0000000000069812 e Click OK to return to the main Communicator EXT screen EM Polino HANNOVER MESSE G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 7 9 7 3 4 Energy Pulse and Accumulations in the Interval E To view the Energy Pulse amp Accumulations in the Interval of the currently connected PDA 1252 Analyzer select Energy Pulse amp Accumulations in the Interval from the Real Time Polling menu The following set of screens appears Energy Pulses and Accumulations in the Interval l Squared T Uncompensated Energy AAA L i wh 0000000000 Y4Rh VARh 0000000000 0 V h 0000000000 Rec Wh 0000000000 4h 0000000021 WAh 0000000000 03 VARh 0000000000 wh 0000000000 YARh Secondary Wh 0000000000 YAR VARh 0000000000 YAh 0000000000 Rec Wh 0000000000 WA YAh 0000000000 Q 3 VARh 0000000000 Wh 0000000000 QO YARh I Polling HANNOVER MESSE MW These screens are Read Only They display the readings from the Interval set on several
7. LT Wy E to the ire pe and profile re open log connect connect dis polling turn on the Click the Communicator Connect Icon EXT icon to open the software The Main screen appears with many icons greyed out because a connection is not made Click the Connect Icon on the Seok tool bar or select Connect Quick Connect Dates Aires i The Connect screen appears Baud Rate Enter settings for Serial Port Connection shown here Port Then click Connect Protocol The Communicator EXT Main screen reappears with Flow Control RENE most of the icons on the Tool Bar highlighted G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 4 2 The PDA 1252 is shipped with the Factory set initial settings shown here l Address Baud Rate 57 600 Protocol Modbus RTU NOTES ON SETTINGS The port s baud rate address and protocol must always match the baud rate address and protocol of the computer In the Serial Port field enter the computer s communication port into which the RS 232 cable is inserted Most computers use Com 1 or Com 2 for the serial port In the Protocol field enter Modbus RTU All PDA 1252 units are shipped set to Modbus RTU 4 3 2 CT PT Ratios Settings 1 Click the Profile Icon on the left side of the Tool Bar The Device Profile s main screen appears 2 Click the symbol in front of the General Settings Icon The Settings for the General Configuration of the unit appear 3 Click the
8. NOTE All Clamp on CTs have a 600V Rating G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Chapter 3 Electrical Connections and Operation 3 1 Introduction to Electrical Installation Prior to installing the PDA 1252 estimate the voltage and current levels that are about to be measured to ensure levels are within meter and transformer specs The meter can be wired directly from 200 600 volts phase to phase The unit can be programmed to operate with any CT ratio Depending upon which model you are using the analyzer will accept either 5 Amp or 1 Amp Secondary CTs The PDA 1252 1A is designed for 1 Amp Secondary transformers The PDA1252 5A is designed for 5 Amp Secondary transformers Make sure CT leads are connected to the PDA 1252 BEFORE clamping CTs around the conductors Failure to follow this procedure can lead to excessive heat developed in the CTs Never leave CTs in an open position If they are left open a high voltage can develop on the CT coil which can result in electrical shock and serious injury WARNING Any and all electrical procedures should only be attempted by trained professionals who are aware of the dangers of working with HIGH VOLTAGES Also precaution must be taken when extending lead wires of the CTs beyond the maximum rated power Long lead wires will dissipate power on the leads which might result in inaccuracies and overheating of the CTs Limit clamp on CTs to lead length of 12 feet 3 1 1 Estim
9. PDA 1252 Portable Analyzer HIGH PERFORMANCE POWER QUALITY ANALYZER Installation amp Operation Manual Version 1 02 January 27 2014 Doc E148701 V1 02 Electro Industries GaugeTech 1800 SHAMES DRIVE WESTBURY NEW YORK 11590 TEL 516 334 0870 FAX 516 338 4741 SALES VELECTROIND COM WWW ELECTROIND COM The Leader in Web Accessed Power Monitoring and Control G Electro Industries Gaugetech Doc E148701 V1 02 PDA 1252 Installation and Operation Manual Version 1 02 Published by Electro Industries GaugeTech 1800 Shames Drive Westbury NY 11590 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying recording or information storage or retrieval systems or any future forms of duplication for any purpose other than the purchaser s use without the expressed written permission of Electro Industries GaugeTech 2014 Electro Industries GaugeTech Printed in the United States of America G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Customer Service and Support Customer support is available 9 00 am to 4 30 pm eastern standard time Monday through Friday Please have the model serial number and a detailed problem description available If the problem concerns a particular reading please have all meter readings available When returning any merchandise to EIG a return materials a
10. The average value of power or a similar quantity over a specified period of time A specified time over which demand is calculated User configurable visual indication of data in a meter A robust non proprietary protocol based on existing open standards DNP 3 0 is used to operate between various systems in electric and other utility industries and SCADA networks PDA 1252 supports Level 2 Nonvolatile memory Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory that retains its data during a power outage without need for a battery Also refers to analyzer s FLASH memory Programmable record that monitors any energy quantity Example Watthours VARhours VAhours Error Code Modbus communication transmitted in a packet from the Slave to the Master if the Slave has encountered an invalid command or other problem Flicker is the sensation that is experienced by the human visual system when it is subjected to changes occurring in the illumination intensity of light sources IEC 61000 4 15 and former IEC 868 describe the methods used to determine flicker severity Measuring values of the fundamental current and voltage and percent of the fundamental GLOSSARY 2 I T Threshold Integer Internal Modem Invalid Register ITIC Curve Ke kWh LCD LED Master Device Maximum Demand Modbus ASCII Modbus RTU NVRAM Packet Percent THD G Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doc E148701 V1 02
11. The rest of this chapter offers information on using Log Viewer Note Retrieve logs as often as you want Each time you retrieve a log file Communicator EXT appends only the newest records and captures to the existing database These partial downloads are listed in Log Viewer s Database Status screen Snapshots or partial downloads must be a time frame within the database dates Otherwise there is no data from which to retrieve the snapshot Note Example screens from other meters may be used in this chapter G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 5 5 4 Viewing Logs with Communicator EXT s Log Viewer BE Communicator EXT s Log Viewer displays retrieved logs in a variety of formats M To access Log Viewer either e Retrieve logs from a connected device as in section 5 3 e Click the Open Log File button or from the File Menu select Open PDA 1252 Log File Communicator EXT will ask you to select a previously stored log file Communicator EXT defaults to the Retrieved Logs directory e Run Log Viewer from the Windows Start menu M Log Viewer s main screen appears 44 EIG Log Viewer Select Time PODIF ormat E events sh JE hia 1 Choose the log data file s you would like to view e Ifyou have retrieved a log from Communicator EXT that file is selected for Meter 1 as in the example above Meter6 e Or click on either Meter button 1 or 2 that displays a meter n
12. Total Number of Records 42 Starting Date Time to View 711872005 11 42 00 AM l Number of Days to Yiew 0 032 Maximum Yalue 1 682 Minimum alue 0 990 E Hore by Sample Reverse Forward E Color Printoul E The Reset Log is generated by the connected device when any part of the Device Profile or the meter itself is Reset This log is generated automatically and is stored in the meter G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 5 33 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 34 Chapter 6 Using the LCD Touch Screen Display 6 1 Overview and Screen Descriptions The LCD Touch Screen Display is ready to use upon meter power up Touching the buttons at the top of the screen will take you to the Groups of Readings listed below With the buttons at the bottom of the screen use the touch screen to review Limits and review and or change Settings on the Display and the PDA 1252 Analyzer You can also Reset Max Min and Demand Hour FT and V T Counters All Logs and TOU for Current Session and Month using the Reset Button All screens have a Main button that returns you to the Main screen below All screens also have a Next button that will take you to the next group of readings Some of the screens have additional navigation buttons to take you to complimentary readings See section 6 2 for a Navigational Map General Page Groups of Readings m TREND FLICKER LOG RESETS LIMI
13. 1999 Nexus Series generation power monitoring with industry leading accuracy 2000 First low profile socket meter with advanced features for utility deregulation 2002 Innovative 100 Base T Total Web Solutions Today Over thirty years later Electro Industries GaugeTech the leader in Web Accessed Power Monitoring continues to revolutionize the industry with the highest quality cutting edge power monitoring and control technology on the market today An ISO 9001 2000 certified company EIG sets the standard for web accessed power monitoring advanced power quality revenue metering artificial intelligence reporting industrial submetering and substation data acquisition and control EIG s products can be found on site at virtually all of today s leading manufacturers industrial giants and utilities World Leader In fact EIG products are used globally and EIG 1s accepted as the world leader in power monitoring and metering technology With direct offices in the United States Turkey Brazil Mexico Guatemala Croatia and the Phillipines EIG support is available in most regions around the world Our worldwide support advanced technology and quality manufacturing standards make EIG the superior choice when dependable reliable service is paramount Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 III G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Table of Contents EIG Warranty Chapter 1 Three Phase Power Measurement
14. G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 19 NW To combine multiple waveforms into one graph click the check boxes on the right side of the screen for each waveform you wish to include Then double click on one of the selected graphs The following example screen shows the Van and Ic channels Feeder 1 Waveform 5 11 03 2000 3 46 42 914 PM Waveform la Sag Ib Sag Ic Sag laux Sag Current 34 64 96 74 108 85 120 96 e To move Hash Marks on the screen move the mouse Duration is calculated from mark 2 to mark 1 in milliseconds e To zoom in on a portion of the graph draw a box around the desired area by dragging the mouse and holding down the left button Release the mouse button to activate the zoom Click the Zoom Out button to decrease the resolution e To include the laux in the graph press the laux On button click laux Off to remove it e To include the High Speed Inputs in the graph click Inputs On Double click on the Inputs graph for a closer view Each input is listed on the Y axis followed by a 1 or 0 a 1 denotes that the input is open a 0 denotes that the input is closed Click Inputs Off to remove the graph e To Print the graph click the Print Graph button e To Export an image from the screen click the Export Picture button e To Export the data only click the Export Data button G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 20 MW T
15. It can measure every aspect of power and provides extensive tools for recording trends and power quality events Recording capabilities include e Voltage surges and sags e EN50160 Flicker Analysis e Current fault signatures e Harmonics and interharmonics e Graphical waveforms recorded e Transient events on a cycle by cycle basis e Data recorded using top rated Communicator EXT software NW Historical Trending Load Profiling The meter has extensive onboard data logging for any desired historical analysis The following can be monitored over any desired historical trending window e Voltages e Current e PF e Watt VAR VA e Frequency e Energy Accumulated and In the Interval e Logs for both Instantaneous and Average Readings e Programmable Trending Profiles G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 2 2 2 2 Hardware Overview m The PDA 1252 is housed in a rugged watertight case that withstands harsh environments m The LCD Touch Screen Display allows real time data to be viewed easily and immediately m Two models of the PDA 1252 SA or 1A can be used on circuits up to 600V Phase to Phase or 300V Phase to Neutral m The 120 220 Volt Receptical allows for quick power up The unit can also be powered using B and C line voltage NW Stored logs and recordings are downloadable using an RS 232 port with a PC Communicator EXT is provided standard with every unit to facilitate this function
16. It provides a comprehensive report on the status of devices being analyzed it uses artificial intelligence to diagnose PQ events and provide the possible cause of the event e System Events Log The log records system events for security and anti tampering e Flicker Log The log records Flicker information for a selected meter and time range e Reset Log This log 1s generated by the connected device when Device Profile or meter 1s reset NOTE Since the PDA 1252 is based on a Nexus 1252 engine some of the logs are not applicable in the portable form factor G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 5 2 5 2 Programming and Running Logs 1 Program the following parameters specific to each type of log in the device s Device Profile NOTE Anytime you update the Device Profile a pop up screen will announce that the logs are not being reset and would you like to reset them Resetting the logs is recommended if you make changes to CT amp PT Ratios Limits or Limit Full Scales Limit and Waveform Full Scales Limits Trending Setup Trending Log Time Intervals Power Quality and Waveform Thresholds Labels YOU MUST GIVE THE PDA 1252 A METER DESIGNATION This is done in the Labels section of the Device Profile See section 4 3 4 2 You do not need to start the logs the device is always recording 3 To confirm the parameters and track the progress of the logs select Statistics from the Logs menu
17. M m uv o E m m 05 02 2000 11 10 27 AM Number of Days to View Maximum Value Minimum Value A asian per duyz10day 10 9004 Pomp 661G de 12M04 sopsnpoj 0233 05 08 GES 09 12 39 ae XY Graph Feeder 1 Lost Vbn Feeder 1 May 02 2000 to May 02 2000 s 8 A Feeder 1 THD Van Yab SR Feoder I Inn Yan Feeckr ost Va ptions Help 1729 1622 Help 4 Circular Graph Uptions File O File Opti ing 5 12 from the Start ime segment Circular Graph t of the graph choose a new date t ll down menu her type of graph ing poin GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 ew pu ies ing pertain to eit To change the start Date Time to Vi m The follow Electro Industr e To change the amount of time represented on the graph enter a value in the Number of Days to View field and press enter or click on the Redraw button e To change the scale of the graph enter a value in the Minimum Value and Maximum Value fields and press enter or the Redraw button e To view one sample at a time click in the Move by Sample box then click on the Forward or Reverse buttons each time you would like to view the next or previous sample e To view a continuous sample by sample rendering of the graph click the Move by Sample box and the Auto Show box Select a speed by sliding the Auto Show Speed bar left or right click on the Forwar
18. Reset all logs from Por e 10 100 Run Time is active features wer Andrews 52 test Andrews 52 test Andrews 52 test Andrews 52 test Change Programmable Settings Power Power Power Run Time has started Run Time was stopped power lo Run Time is active features a f 10 2005 11 40 47 020 AM Andrews 52 test OOOOOOOOOOAOOOOOO This screen displays a list of events that effect the meter such as loss of power time changes firmware changes downloads and programmable settings changes This is a Read Only screen which allows you to monitor the meter and observe any unusual activity or events There is no graph available for this screen e Click Back to return to the Main Log Viewer screen e To sort the data by record type in either ascending or descending order click on the Sort button and use the pull down menus to make your selection G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 31 5 18 Flicker Log NW From the Log Viewer s main screen click on the Flicker button or View Data Flicker Log Viewer displays Flicker information for a selected meter and time range specified in the Select Time Range section of its main screen see section 5 4 Ela LOG YIEWET HIStorcal Log File Edit Select Data View Data Help Data Type Flicker Log Time Range 7 18 2005 12 28 00 230 PM to 7 18 2005 11 42 00 220 AM Ej Show Flicker Max Min Date Time Record Type Andrews 52 test Flicker PST Val Andrews 52 test Flicker
19. Revenue Energy and Demand Readings and Power Quality and Alarms All screens may not appear on the menus See section 4 2 for RS 232 connection and section 4 3 for software connection a Communicator Ext File Connection Real Time Poll Tools 10 Devices TOU Calendar Logs View Help 2 Real Time Readings Instantaneous Folling me Revenue Energy and Demand Readings k Poll Max and Min Readings profile rein logs Power Quality and Alarms k Poll Reading Grid Poll Multiple Devices Poll External Analog Inputs Communicator Ext Fie Connection Real Time Pol Tools 1 0 Devices TOU Calendar Logs View Help Real Time Readings k m at a Ak Hall Revenue Energy and Demand Readings Power logs Fower Quality and Alarms Demand me m Energy Energy Pulses and Accurnulations in the Interval Internal KZ Output accumulators Total Average Power Factor Time of Use Registers Poll Pulse Accurmulations a Communicator Ext File Connection Real Time Poll Tools 10 Devices TOU Calendar Logs View Help Real Time Readings Revenue Energy and Demand tu E IMA 4 AU doc Power Quality and Alarms Phasors phasors flicker status Harmonics Flicker Alarm Status Nexus ElectroLogic Status Poll Internal Inputs Poll External Digital Inputs NW Communicator EXT receives data from one connected device at a time the Primary Device To view polling data from different devices change the Primary Device select Connection Change Primary Device
20. Turn black coupling nuts to the right until secure Fig 3 8 Fig 3 8 Insert Test Cable G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 8 Black Coupling Nut Fig 3 9 Current Test Plug Inserted 2 Attach Current Test Plug to Current Test Leads Red White Insert RED Lead from Test Plug into WHITE Lead of Current Test Lead and BLACK Lead of Current Test Plug into BLACK Lead of Current Test Lead Fig 3 10 Black Black Fig 3 10 Insert Test Leads WARNING If you are not 100 certain which lever is the Shorting Blade and which lever is the Shunt Jack DO NOT PROCEED Contact the manufacturer of the Test Switch for clarification Then ONLY AFTER STEPS 1 and 2 are COMPLETED proceed to Step 3 POT CURRENT POT CURRENT POT AD i a A x Shorting Shunt Jack Shunt Jack Fig 3 11 Test Jig with Shorting Blade Blade Handle Open Slot E and Shunt Jack Highlighted G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc 4 E148701 V1 02 3 9 3 Identify Shorting Blade and Shunt Jack Levers on the Test Switch for the Current Phases Shorting Blade Shunt Jack Fig 3 12 Shorting Blade and Shunt Jack 4 Short the Current Phase by pulling out the Shorting Blade Lever as far as it will go Fig 3 13 Open Shorting Blade G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 10 5 Open the Shunt Jack and allow clearance for the Current Test Plug to be inserted by pulling back on the Shunt Jack Lever as far as it
21. 00 12 Touch INST or LONG TERM to view screens SIAIUS Stopped START or STOP will appear depending on Status re G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 6 4 E FLICKER LONG TERM FLICKER LONG TERM PST TIME e Volts A B C VOLTS 4 0 000 0000 0000 00 00 00 00 e Max Volts A B C VOLTS B 0 000 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 VOLIS G 0 000 DO DO 000O 00 00 00 00 e Min Volts A B C MAX VOLTS A 9 A0 06 21 2004 17 5646 17 MAX VOLTS B 2 738 06 21 2004 17 58 18 17 MAX VOLIS C 2 110 06 21 2004 17 56 18 17 MIN VOLTS A 0023 0503 2004 17 56 16 17 Flicker screens MIN WOLTS 0 023 05032004 17 56 1817 START or STOP will appear depending on Status SIAIUS Stopped START stor RESE E LIMITS Limit Status ee E es nae Current Limits Settings for Devices ID 1 32 For __ swe s SO each ID number the Type of Reading Value Status raz vonsan 12190 si NA In or Out of Limit and Setting 1s shown A AS ql A ee 3 12 das Vois tM 121 6 ZO 121 32 y The first screen displays the settings for Meters ID IN 11988 Y Ta Argad A O 2051 IF Fa WCC A l to 8 As Rage 1 B 0 3061 a r a EMT gt 40000 A Is Rdgs 1 CI OMS 1 IF zb O A OU I z 4 59000 A Touch NEXT GROUP to scroll to the next screen ta Raga VA Tet UN 19200 which displays the settings for Devices ID et on TN 578 00 9 to 16 Touch NEXT GROUP again to view Serie NEXT MAIN NEXT esour settings for Devices ID 17 to 24 and 25 to 32 PHASOR
22. 1 11 shows a current waveform with a slight amount of harmonic distortion The waveform is still periodic and is fluctuating at the normal 60 Hz frequency However the waveform 1s not a smooth sinusoidal form as seen in Figure 1 10 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 10 Total A Phase Current with Harmonics 1500 1000 500 500 1000 1500 Figure 1 11 Distorted Current Wave NW The distortion observed in Figure 1 11 can be modeled as the sum of several sinusoidal waveforms of frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental 60 Hz frequency This modeling is performed by mathematically disassembling the distorted waveform into a collection of higher frequency waveforms These higher frequency waveforms are referred to as harmonics Figure 1 12 shows the content of the harmonic frequencies that make up the distortion portion of the waveform in Figure 1 11 Expanded Harmonic Currents Amps 50 100 150 200 250 e 2 Harmonic Current 3 Harmonic Current a 5 Harmonic Current 7 Harmonic Current gt k A Current Total Hrm Figure 1 12 Waveforms of the Harmonics The waveforms shown in Figure 1 12 are not smoothed but do provide an indication of the impact of combining multiple harmonic frequencies together When harmonics are present it 18 important to
23. 14 977 17 503 4 773 23 129 Current Calculated N Measured N Maximum Current Calculated N Measured N 0 330 Meas N 0 330 0 965 Cial P POLLING MAIN NEXT Touch A B C to view Currents Detail Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 E AMPS Current Readings A B C REAL TIME CURRENTS READINGS DETAILS e Real Time Current A B C AMPS Touch BACK to view the Amps main screen A 0 280 B 14 974 C 0 293 POLLING NEXT BACK E REAL TIME POWER Real Time Power REAL TIME POWER Readings Details READINGS DETAILS e Instant Watt VAR VA PF INSTANT AVERAGE PREDICTED s Average Watt VAR VA PF WATTS 2390 32390 DTH e Predicted Watt VAR VA VARS 14658 14658 14731 WMA 117323 117323 11635 Touch the DEMAND button to go to the Demand A a Power screen shown below POLLING MAIN NEAT DEMAND E DEMAND POWER Demand Power Readings Details DEMAND POWER READINGS DETAILS e Thermal Window Average Maximum k Watt tkVAR CoIn kVAR THERMAL BLOCK ROLUN e Block Fixed Window Average Maximum i Pha a aie n gt kWatt kVAR Coln kVAR WATTS 147 147 42 e Predictive Rolling Sliding Window Maximum es co kWatt kVAR Coln kVAR Gein KVars r KVWARISS FF z KVARS 16 9 Touch R T button to view Real Time Power screen za MAIN NEXT ACCUMULATED ENERGY INFORMATION E ENERGY Accumulated Energy Information e Watthr Quadrant 2 Quadrant 3 Primary e VAhr Quadrant 2
24. 15 52 Selected Channel appears Volts AN shown below Sue VOLTS AN PREV Touch PREVIOUS LOGS to view other logs NEXT CHANNEL DETAIL pa REAL TIME TRENDING CHANNEL BR ete 3 52 PM CHANNEL SELECTOR SELECTOR Data will be lost if channel is changed Select Channel by touching a CHANNEL Button The Active Channel appears at the lower right Data from the previously Active Channel will be lost if the Channel is changed The Time Interval for Trending appears at the WATTS has bottom of the screen To increase the Interval VOLTS AN touch the UP button To decrease the Interval POLLING touch DN Down UP DN Touch OK to return to Trending Analysis screen PS E PERE Aaa VOLTS N VON TS REAL TIME TRENDING DETAIL DAY TME LOGS A Table of Logs for the Selected Channel E ee ae Volts AN shown here eo ee Touch BACK to return to the Trending Analysis 1424 12347 screen Touch PREVIOUS LOGS to view other logs 1415 12350 1412 123 09 1409 123 50 POLLINA PREVIOUS MAIN NEXT ae 58s Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 6 6 LOG STATUS Logging Statistics An Overview of the Logs for the Primary Meter The Number of Records and Memory Used are listed for each log RESET Meter Reset Commands WARNING RESETS cause data to be lost Touch the window for the Reset you want to perform Don t Reset changes to Reset Touch RESET NOW button OK will appear Touch OK to
25. 2 3 Label Detail g Watertight Case LCD Touch Screen bE 228 Graphical Display OPERATED AF TOUCHES NEE CASE A Y Line Plug ee Switch PDA 1252 5A 120 220 Volt ADVANCED ELECTRICAL POWER QUALITY ANALYZER Receptacle RS 232 Port Te ee ae ae NI NEM Voltage and Current Inputs Figure 2 2 The PDA 1252 Opened m The Line Plug Switch on the right of the label allows a power choice of 1 Line Power from Line Voltage switch points left THT Vois KE 2 Off Power Off center position 3 Plug Power from 120 220 Volts AC Plug switch points to right m The 120 220 Volts AC Receptical is just below the switch m The RS 232 Computer Port is just below the AC Receptical A5242 Lampalar Fort Figure 2 3 Label Detail Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doci E148701 V1 02 2 3 2 4 Powering Your Portable Unit NW The PDA 1252 can be powered by two methods as discussed in sections 2 2 and 2 3 1 A Field Powered unit uses Line Power In applications where the unit is used in locations where wall power is not available the unit can be powered using the B and C Phase Inputs NOTE For single phase measurements it is recommended to use Plug Power 2 A Plug Powered unit can be powered with a standard AC 120 220 Volt power wall plug NOTE An adapter not included may be needed for 220V wall outlets 2 5 Dimensions 17 5 444 5mm 1 8 45 7mm rm L 11 6 294 64mm
26. 45 16 AM 4 3 3 Limit amp Waveform Full Scales QP Nexus 1252 Settings 1 Click the symbol in front of the Limit and Waveform Full Scales Settings Him 1 00 VAN BN CN 69 28 Then click on any of the settings The Limit and Waveform Full Scales screen appears VY AB BC CA 120 00 VAL 120 00 Power Phase 120 00k Power Total 240 00k Frequency 60 00 BH The first five values are based on the Device Profile Limit and Waveform Full Scales CT and PT Settings IA BC Ne 1000 00 IN 1 00 Power Phase amount of power per phase and j Power Total power of all phases combined are Y AN BN CN 53 28 calculated by the meter Y AB BC CA 120 00 Y Aux 120 00 Frequency can be changed The Initial Setting is 60 Power Phase 120 00k Power Total 240 00k Click OK to return to the Main Frequency 60 00 Device Profile screen G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 4 4 4 3 4 Labels 1 Click the symbol in front of the Labels Then click on any of the settings The Labels screen appears M Labels are user defined names for the PDA 1252 and the IN Measured terminal W Itis important to label the PDA 1252 under Meter Designation with a unique name because that label will become the name of the file for any logs retrieved from the unit Duplicate Meter Designations interfere with retrieved log databases 2 Enter labels in the appropriate fields Meter Desi
27. ANALYSIS mea 3152 FM E PHASORS Phasor Analysis Pas var 240 gt nT ARE VE Phase Angles for Form shown at top of the screen OMe A C B k 60 003 Hz 210 v In e Phase eS 7 AAA VH DDD e Phase Angle Van bn cn n m A ve 115 45 o Phase Angle la b c 3 14 349 44 e Phase Angle Vab bc ca A APE VAB 329 75 WBC 85 973 VEA 209 04 E WAVEFORM Real Time Graph E THO VOLTS A FREQUENCY e Channel Va b c 50 RFACTOR 122 60 e Channel la b c e THD KFactor Frequency for selected channel Touch CHANNEL button to view scroll through channels FOLLING VO LTS A MAIN NEAT CHANNEL Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc 4 E148701 V1 02 6 5 SPECTRUM Harmonic Spectrum Analysis HARMONIC SPECTRUM 1 16 05 Select a Channel by touching the CHANNEL ANALYSIS KTP actor il button Graphs and readings appear for the 100 selected channel so Zoom In or Out for detail by touching IN or OUT m ZO O u 18 az 48 64 BO 536 112 128 POLLINA VOLTS A ZOOM REAL TIME TRENDING ANALYSIS Select Channel by touching the CHANNEL button The Channel Selector screen shown below appears Select a Channel and touch OK to select channel and return to this screen Trending for the Selected REAL TIME TRENDING ANALTSIS VOLTS 144 115 26 Channel will begin on this screen 57 To see a Detail of logs for the Selected Channel A touch the DETAIL Button A Table of Logs for the o wo 0000 0000 00 00 00 00 13 52
28. Click the symbol in front of the Trending Profile Settings Then click on Trending Log Time Intervals The Trending Log Time Intervals screen appears 2 The Interval Log Setting Initial Setting is 15 Minutes as shown here Change setting according to your application Device Profile Interval Log Setting Log 1 Interval 3 Click OK to return to the Main Device Profile p Hours Minutes mm Seconds screen Log 2 Interval lo Hours is Minutes p Seconds Then click on Trending Log Profile Log 1 or Log 2 4 Click the symbol in front of Trending Setup Trending Log Profile Log 1 Group Sub Group The Setup screen for the Trending Log selected appears selectable temis selected temis M Fifty Millisecond Updated Current 4 i Fit Millisecond Updated Current E 5 Use buttons m the Voltage CN H Millisecond D douce middle of the screen Voltage Aux Current to Add or Remove Current B lt lt Remove Current Selected Items Current M Measured Select Items according 2e 4 Voltage B C r li ion Voltage C A to your applicatio g E NOTE You can use the Set Interval button Var Total at the bottom of the Watt A screen to access the Interval screen in Total bytes used i erect Mle Mit O lays 18hour 25min 4sec Steps 1 3 above Bytes remaining i Total Records 8704 The software automatically calculates the statistics at the bottom of the screen Click OK to return to the Main Device
29. Data will not accumulate until current reaches programmed level Any of the natural numbers the negatives of those numbers or zero An optional modem within the meter s enclosure that connects to the RJ 11 telephone connector In the a Modbus Map there are gaps between Registers For example the next Register after 08320 is 34817 Any unmapped Register stores no information and is said to be invalid An updated version of the CBEMA Curve that reflects further study into the performance of microprocessor devices The curve consists of a series of steps but still defines combinations of voltage magnitude and duration that will cause malfunction or damage kWh per pulse 1 e the energy kilowatt hours kW x demand interval in hours Liquid Crystal Display Light Emitting Diode In Modbus communication a Master Device initiates and controls all information transfer in the form of a Request Packet to a Slave Device The Slave reponds to each request The largest demand calculated during any interval over a billing period Alternate version of the Modbus protocol that utilizes a different data transfer format This version is not dependent upon strict timing as is the RTU version This is the best choice for telecommunications applications via modems The most common form of Modbus protocol Modbus RTU is an open protocol spoken by many field devices to enable devices from multiple vendors to communicate in a common langu
30. Min values are all capable of being polled through the Communications Port Refer to the Nexus Modbus and DNP Mappings for register assignments and data definitions 8 7 Log Viewer From the Communicator EXT Log Viewer screen using the menus at the top of the Log Viewer screen select a meter time ranges and values to access Select Flicker The values and the associated time stamps when the values occurred are displayed in a grid box Use the buttons at the bottom of the screen to create a graph or export the data to another program Max and Min values are only displayed they cannot be graphed But Max and Min values are available for export Graphed values include Pst and Plt Va Vb and Vc Displayed values include Pst and Plt Max and Min for Va Vb and Ve G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 8 7 8 8 Performance Notes Pst and Plt average time are synchronized to the clock e g for a 10 minute average the times will occur at 0 10 20 etc The actual time of the first average can be less than the selected period to allow for initial clock synchronization If the wrong frequency is chosen e g 50Hz selection for a system operating at 60Hz Flicker will still operate but the values computed will not be valid Select carefully User settings are stored If Flicker is on and power is removed from the meter Flicker will still be on when power returns This can cause data gaps in the logged data The Max a
31. PST vb Andrews 52 te 2810 2005 12 20 00 230 PM Flicker Short 158 2005 12 26 00 230 PM Flicker Lang 1198 2005 12 27 00 090 PM Flicker Short 2219 2005 12 26 00 150 PM Flicker Short 710 2005 12 26 00 150 FM Flicker Lang 18 2005 12 25 00 220 PM Flicker Short FARINE 19 94 00 NAN DKA 4 L LES Max PST Va Time Max PST Va Mex PST Vb 7 18 2005 11 2014 530 AM Andrews 52test 2 Running 7 18 2006 11 55 00 110 AM 1 04 7 18 2005 11 e Click the Show Flicker Max Min box on the left side of the screen to display Max Min information e Parameters available for Graphs are PST Va Vb Vc and PLT Va Vb Vc e To copy data to the computer s clipboard right click with the cursor positioned anywhere in the table e To sort the data by record type in either ascending or descending order click on the Sort button and use the pull down menus to make your selection 5 18 1 Flicker Log Graph MW Click the Graph button and the Select Data Points screen appears e Select any or all of the Parameters PST Va Vb Vc PLT Va Vb Vc and click Graph The Graph shown below is an example of a Circular Flicker Graph See section 5 7 for more graphing details G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 32 3 Circular Graph ile Options Help 07 18 11 42 00 2 19 HS HU ill A M BEE a PLS Ep 190 ail Z0 G0 21 9310 cl ar SLILO q 5 19 Reset Log Si ae cu MCE
32. Primary g VAR ODDDODOODD0D00000000 VAR OOOOOOOO0OOOOCOD e VARhr Quadrant 2 Primary VA OO0000000000000 VA 000000000000000 e VAhr Quadrant 3 Primary DEL WATT 02101 RE wart e VARhr Quadrant 3 Primary 00000000000000702 03 04 0000000088070247 e Watthr Quadrant 1 Quadrant 4 Primary VA OCO00OCOCO0DODOC VA 000000000061 221713 5 VAhr for all Ouadrants Primary VAR 0000000000000000 VAR QDOOOOOO00012217691 Touch TOU button to view TOU Register rotu Accumulations screen Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 6 3 did FM REGISTER ACCUMULATIONS Watthr Quadrant 2 Quadrant 3 Primary 01 05 05 00 00 00 08 04 05 23 59 59 VAhr Quadrant 2 Primary VAR DOOOOD000000000000 VAR 0000000000118168 VARhr Quadrant 2 Primary va OO0000000000000 VA 000000000096221 VAhr Quadrant 3 Primary P BEL VARhr Quadrant 3 Primary Q3 4 Watthr Quadrant 1 Quadrant 4 Primary VAhr Quadrants 1 amp 4 Primary VARhr Quadrant 4 Primary REGISTER TOTALS Po LUNGE m gt DEMAND use anoue Touch DEMAND to view Register Demand screen MONTH GROUP Touch Next Reg to scroll Registers 1 8 and Totals VA OO000000000120 6 VA 000000000011221713 VAR OOOOOOOO00000198 VAR QDOOOUOOOO0012217691 Base Voltage BASE VOLTAGE 120 Walls TIME OF USE READINGS copies Touch Next Group to scroll Prior Season Prior RESTES DENARI Month Current Season Current Month 01 16 05 00 00 00 10 04 05 23 59 59 BLOCK WINDOW fey TOU R
33. To copy the data to the computer s clipboard right click with the cursor positioned anywhere in the table e To sort the data by record type in either ascending or descending order click on the Sort button and use the pull down menus to make your selection G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 15 5 9 Viewing the Waveform Log NW From Log Viewer s main screen section 5 4 click on the Waveform button or View Data Waveform Log Viewer will display waveform information for the selected log file s based on the time range specified in the Select Time Range section of its main screen 2 EIG Log Viewer File Edit Select Data View Data Help a Data Type Waveform Log son Criteria Descending ES Show Waveform Settings Waveform Trigger 13345722005 0 29 30 567 AM POA 1252 5A Inim surge Vab c 133 5 11 2005 4 26 15 117 PM PDA1252 54 Inm Surge Wab 133 5 11 2005 4 03 16 977 PM PDA1252 54 Inm Surge Wab 133 5 9 2005 3 49 40 017 PM PDA 125254 Inm Surge Yab 133 5 5 2005 4 13 00 327 PM PDA 125254 lnm Surge Vab 133 5 2 2005 11 41 59 532 AM a Reno 11 37 20 104 hd RANNE 11 37 20 397 hd 4 mona ra r ee Mig MAME Device HookLip sampling Rate Capture Num PDA 125254 Z Delta 3 CTs 120 1 Channel States otFull Scale Enabled of Full Scale Enabled Enabled Inputs Ena 80 1 y Vian Above 120 Yes Below Yes bn Above 120 es Below al es es EA ELA e To save the data to y
34. V1 02 3 14 2 With the Shorting Blade open remove the Test Plug from the two grooves in the Shunt Jack Fig 3 18 gt NA k Shorting Shunt Jack Fig 3 18 Remove Test Plug from Shunt Jack Blade Open Open G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 15 3 Close the Shunt Jack Fig 3 19 Fig 3 20 Close Shorting Blade G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 16 Chapter 4 Configuring the PDA 1252 4 1 Using the PDA 1252 Portable Analyzer m The PDA 1252 Portable Analyzer is designed to be used for measuring electrical usage and power quality This unit is enclosed in a watertight carrier and can be left in outdoor applications because it does not require a separate enclosure or specific shelter Electrical Installation and Wiring Diagrams are detailed in Chapter 3 Simple configurations outlined in this chapter allow you to access and download the data that you need for your application m NOTE The PDA 1252 uses an Electro Industries Nexus 1252 for the analysis engine The software recognizes the internal Nexus brain and labels the unit as a Nexus 1252 4 2 RS 232 Connection Steps E When you open the case of the PDA 1252 the Label is just below the LCD Touch Screen Display The Label shows 1A or 5A depending on the unit ordered The detail below shows the Line Plug p lug Switch the 120 220V AC plug and the Switch RS 232 connector Power 1 To configure the po
35. either 1 Second or 0 1 Second measurements for all data e Click Print to send a copy of the screen to a printer e Click OK to return to the main Communicator EXT screen G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 7 2 7 2 2 Poll Max and Min Readings MW To view the Maximum and Minimum readings for the currently connected PDA 1252 Analyzer select Poll Max and Min Readings from the Real Time Polling menu The Max and Min Readings with Time Stamps screen appears Note The Max Min is the Max Min of the Thermal Average in the profile EE Polling PDA 1252 54 po Positive Maximum Positive Minimum Negative Maximum ative Min Channel DELTA Value Time METE Tine METE 266 11 577 2005 10 56 47 03 0 00 4 9 2005 12 45 35 04 25 59k 5 7 2004 10 58 47 03 0 00k 4 30 2005 09 25 3103 14 98k 5 7 2004 10 58 47 03 0 00k _ 47972005 12 45 35 04 o 17 56k 5 7 2005 10 58 47 03 0 00k 47972005 12 45 35 04 0 00k 5 7 2005 10 58 47 03 0 00k 479 200512 45 3504 Jo 23 13k 5 7 2004 10 58 47 03 0 00k 4 30 2005 09 26 31 03 gt 1314 577 2005 10 58 47 03 000 4 9 2005 12 45 39 04 89 31 5 7 2005 10 58 47 03 000 4 9 200512 45 3504 Jo 17 08 5 7 2005 10 58 47 03 000 4 9 2005 12 45 35 04 5969 19k 5 7 2005 11 03 39 05 000k 479 200512 45 3504 5191 00k 78 35k Frequency 60 051 8 2 2005 22 52 30 01 0 000 4 9 2005 12 45 3505 mbalance V 100 00 47972005 12 45 35 04 0 00 5 2 200510 52 4224 mbalance 10
36. following optional optional clamp on current probe 1 SR632 Clamp on CT with 5 foot Male Banana Leads Ratio 1000 5 Range 100 1000 Amps Full Scale Settings 1000 5 Jaw Opening 2 25 57mm max G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 3 3 5 Wiring CTs in Correct Order and Polarity NE When measuring electric power it is imperative that the correct order of connections be maintained for the potentials and the CTs If the order of connection is incorrect it will result in faulty readings Additionally correct polarities of the CTs must be maintained The polarity depends upon the correct connections of the CT leads and the direction that the CTs are facing The ARROW on the CT should FACE the LOAD Wiring the CTs in the wrong polarity will result in a 180 degree phase shift between current and voltage LOAD 3 5 1 Isolating a CT Connection Reversal E Fora WYE System you may either 1 Check the Current Phase Angle Reading Phasor Analysis on the LCD Touch Screen Display see Chapter 6 2 Or note the Phase Relationship between the Current and Voltage on that screen they should be in phase MW For a DELTA System Go to the Phasors screen of the display The current should be approximately 30 degrees off the phase to phase voltage 3 6 Wiring Diagrams for WYE DELTA and Single Phase Systems NW Wiring Diagrams for WYE and DELTA and Single Phase systems are shown on the following pages The diagrams sh
37. frequency deviation that results in mis operation or failure of customer equipment or systems The causes of power quality problems vary widely and may originate in the customer equipment in an adjacent customer facility or with the utility In his book Power Quality Primer Barry Kennedy provided information on different types of power quality problems Some of that information is summarized in Table 1 3 below Impulse Transient Oscillatory transient Transient voltage sub cycle with decay duration Transient voltage disturbance sub cycle duration Lightning Electrostatic discharge Load switching Capacitor switching Line cable switching Capacitor switching Load switching Sag swell RMS Volage pende Remote system faults duration Interruptions Undervoltage Overvoltage duration Voltage flicker RMS voltage steady state multiple second or longer RMS voltage steady state repetitive condition System protection RMS voltage multiple second or Circuit breakers longer duration Fuses Maintenance Motor starting Load variations Load dropping Intermittent loads Motor starting Arc furnaces M Steady state current or voltage Non linear loads Harmonic distortion long term duration System resonance Table 1 3 Typical Power Quality Problems and Sources M Itis often assumed that power quality problems originate with the utility While it is true that many power quality problems can origina
38. it samples the third phase and calculates that phase power After sampling all three phases the meter combines the three readings to create the equivalent three phase power value Using mathematical averaging techniques this method can derive a quite accurate measurement of three phase power More advanced meters actually sample all three phases of voltage and current simultaneously and calculate the individual phase and three phase power values The advantage of simultaneous sampling is the reduction of error introduced due to the difference in time when the samples were taken C B gt Phase B Phase C N D S Phase A Figure 1 6 Three Phase Wye Load illustrating Kirchhoff s Law and Blondel s Theorem Blondell s Theorem is a derivation that results from Kirchhoffs Law Kirchhoffs Law states that the sum of the currents into a node is zero Another way of stating the same thing is that the current into a node connection point must equal the current out of the node The law can be applied to measuring three phase loads Figure 1 6 shows a typical connection of a three phase load applied to a three phase four wire service Kirchhoffs Laws hold that the sum of currents A B C and N must equal zero or that the sum of currents into Node n must equal zero If we measure the currents in wires A B and C we then know the current in wire N by Kirchhoffs Law and it is not necessary to measure it This fact leads us to the conclu
39. measurement is nominally 12 Pst periods 120 minutes Plt time must always be equal to or great than and a multiple of Pst time This is reflected in the selections available to the user e Select the frequency of operation 50 Hz is the approved frequency according to Flicker standards A 60 Hz implementation is available and can be selected This implementation is the proposed 60 Hz standard that is still in the approval process Remember the voltage is normalized For 50 Hz the normalized voltage is 230 V and for 60 Hz the normalized voltage is 120 V Press OK when you are finished Press Help for more information on this topic 8 4 Software User Interface m Main screen From the Communicator EXT Icon Menu select Real Time Poll Flicker The following screen appears EN 50160 Flicker en Instantaneous Short Term LongTem Stant Reset 02 21 2004 08 15 03 PINST Voltage Reading top re Volts A 0 08 14478 640 Current 05 04 2004 11 24 25 Volts B 0 092 14419 550 Neat PST 5 min 35 sec Next PLT 5 min 35sec Yolts C 0 101 14362 ET LS Status Active Frequency Base Current 60 076 Ha Flicker M onitoring Polling Flicker Readings This section describes the Main Screen functions The available values Instantaneous Short Term Long Term will be described below G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 8 4 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Time Start Reset 1
40. mode the PT must have 20 Watt burden spare driving capability For this reason it is recommended that you use a wall plug connection This insures that the PT driving circuit is not interrupted 3 7 2 Connecting the Current NW Using the PDA 1252 5A a Current Test Plug Optional should be used to connect to the Current Secondary Note that this plug is designed for test switches If you do not have test switches you cannot connect in this manner The Current Test Plug Fig 3 7 consists of two conducting strips separated by an insulating strip The PDA 1252 is connected to these strips by terminal screws and leads carried through holes in the back of the insulated handle When using a Current Test Plug you MUST follow the steps below exactly Fig 3 7 Current Test Plug WARNING OPENING THE SECONDARY OF A CURRENT TRANSFORMER CAN CAUSE SERIOUS PHYSICAL INJURY OR DEATH AND EQUIPMENT DAMAGE THE CURRENT TEST PROBE LEADS MUST BE CONNECTED TO THE PDA 1252 S CURRENT INPUTS BEFORE ANY KNIFE SWITCHES ARE MOVED 3 7 2 1 Inserting a Current Test Plug WARNING The following are the Steps to Test SA Current Follow the steps EXACTLY Use ONLY with a PDA 1252 5A NOTE REMOVAL STEPS ARE JUST AS CRITICAL See section 3 7 3 for Removal Steps Black Coupling Nut 1 Install Current Test Lead Cables into Current Input Recepticles on the outside of the case The identification label is on the inside of the case E MH See Fig 3 9
41. points you want to include when viewing the log file To select multiple points hold down the Ctrl key while clicking To select a sequence of points hold down the Shift key while clicking e Click on the Add button to move the Data Points to the Selected Data Points column e Click on the Restore button to return the selection to its previous setting G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 When you have made your selection click OK to return to Log Viewer s main screen e The pull down menu above the Data Points button lists the points you have selected 4 Select what portion of the log s you wish to view by specifying a time range Log Viewer bases its time date format on your computer s Regional Settings Windows Control Panel Click on the Time Range button in the Select Time section The following screen appears Select a Time Range current system date ts Hay 12 2005 Time Range Selection Options 5 12 2005 12 00 AM and 5 12 2005 11 59 PM During the previous hour s 1 During the previous day s 1 During the previous week s 1 During the previous month s 3 During the previous year s 1 e To select a specific time range click the Between radio button and enter a date and time in each field Double click either date time field to bring up the following calendar Click the selected day and use the slide at the bottom of the screen to select a time Click OK ease selec
42. pull down menu on the lower right of the screen to access a 3D graph and a Histogram of the record G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 5 25 Power Quality Graph Power Quality 3 12 2005 11 59 59 PM to 5 2 2005 11 37 29 227 AMT von ab Devices PDA 1252 5A of Full Scale 107 Duration Seconds Power Quality Graph Power Quality Graph PQ Counts Magnitude and Duration 6 24 2003 11 59 59 PM to 5 23 2003 7 51 53 430 PM Power Quality Graph in 3D NOTE Use Scroll Bars on the side and bottom of the screen to adjust the view G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 26 5 13 Database Status E The Database Status screen provides statistical information about the selected log s NW Click on the Database button or View Data Database Status The following screen appears 44 EIG Log Viewer 10l x File Edit SelectData Wiew Data Help Data Type Database Status AAA AA IO Device IS VES TES Device Type Nexus Device Name PDA 1252 5A Device ID 00064542 File Name Communicator Ext Retrieved Logs PO 1262 54 06 Data file size 2 145 472 Bytes Number of downloads Z First download 80222005 6 45 07 AM Last download Bl 2f2005 10 29 15 AM Number of data points 31 Database file version 0 5 Database file description 06 09 2004 Data Log snapshots Bef2005 5 12 2006 3 1 Limits 570 2005 5 10 2005 1 status Change Inputs NA BA 4 ul A partial download consists of the newest
43. records and captures appended to the existing records in the log database The snapshot must be a time frame within the database dates Otherwise there 1s no data from which to retrieve the snapshot To copy the data to the computer s clipboard right click with the cursor positioned anywhere in the table ME To return to Log Viewer s main screen click Back G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 5 14 AiReports E AiReports 2 0 is an optional power quality analysis software package used in conjunction with Communicator EXT Logs It provides a comprehensive report on the status of the equipment being monitored and it uses artificial intelligence to diagnose PQ events and provide the possible cause of the event The screen below is an example of one of the screens Most Severe Events The following page describes the most severe power event recorded during this survey The chart on the left shows an expanded portion of the channels rms time plot during which the event occurred The chart on the right shows a more detailed presentation of the event Oct 30 2000 07 05 05 156 Seconds Oct 30 2000 07 05 05 1 Milken Event ID 2 Graph 1 Srapt 2 Event severity factor 20 Equipment affected Computers Possible cause Local upstream load cammunications and network equipment switching Typical solution Apply filter surge arrestor E AiReports 2 0 must be installed on your computer for the view button to be enabled Othe
44. remember that these quantities are operating at higher frequencies Therefore they do not always respond in the same manner as 60 Hz values Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 11 NW Inductive and capacitive impedance are present in all power systems We are accustomed to thinking about these impedances as they perform at 60 Hz However these impedances are subject to frequency variation X joL and Xc 1 0C At 60 Hz 377 but at 300 Hz 5th harmonic 1 885 As frequency changes impedance changes and system impedance characteristics that are normal at 60 Hz may behave entirely different in presence of higher order harmonic waveforms Traditionally the most common harmonics have been the low order odd frequencies such as the 3rd 5th 7th and 9th However newer non linear loads are introducing significant quantities of higher order harmonics NW Since much voltage monitoring and almost all current monitoring is performed using instrument transformers the higher order harmonics are often not visible Instrument transformers are designed to pass 60 Hz quantities with high accuracy These devices when designed for accuracy at low frequency do not pass high frequencies with high accuracy at frequencies above about 1200 Hz they pass almost no information So when instrument transformers are used they effectively filter out higher frequency harmonic distortion making it impossible to see
45. represent an alphanumeric character G Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doc E148701 V1 02 GLOSSARY 1 CBEMA Curve Channel CRC Field CT Current Ratio Cumulative Demand Demand Demand Interval Display DNP 3 0 EEPROM Energy Register Exception Response Flicker Harmonics G Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doc E148701 V1 02 A voltage quality curve established originally by the Computer Business Equipment Manufacturers Association The CBEMA Curve defines voltage disturbances that could cause malfunction or damage in microprocessor devices The curve is characterized by voltage magnitude and the duration which the voltage is outside of tolerance See ITIC Curve The storage of a single value in each interval in a load profile Cyclic Redundancy Check Field Modbus communication 1s an error checksum calculation that enables a Slave device to determine if a request packet from a Master device has been corrupted during transmission If the calculated value does not match the value in the request packet the Slave ignores the request A Current Transformer Ratio is used to scale the value of the current from a secondary value up to the primary side of an instrument tranformer The sum of the previous billing period maximum demand readings at the time of billing period reset The maximum demand for the most recent billing period is added to the previously accumulated total of the maximum demands
46. the PDA 1252 s sa Ge ee ENS AR ee BOR a Ra 4 1 Resele PDA T232 2 triada oR Se eR BE Ret wh ee eS 6 4 12 Chapter 5 View and Download Data Sui JONES a2 tne St deeb eA ES ea d YE Boe KS 5 1 5 1 1 The Steps for Using All Logs 0 0 0 0 00048 5 1 ll LOS OVERVIEW sosea ee oh lk E ce eo ee Se aas Re a HY we a 5 2 5 2 Programming and Running Logs 0084 5 3 D3 REMEVING LOS AAA A A8 A618 me Oe a ee oe Se ets 5 4 5 4 Viewing Logs with Communicator EXT s Log Viewer lt lt lt lt 5 6 5 5 Viewing Historical Trends and Snapshots lt lt lt lt 5 9 D05 SO suo eo Re e Gee a ee ee A Cd ne sty oe A doute 5 10 5 7 Viewing Trending and Demand Graphs XY and Circular 5 11 5 6 Viewine the Limits LOS essa haz o he Bw d ret A 5 15 5 9 Viewing the Waveform Log 0 2 000 2 5 16 5 10 Viewing Waveform Graphs 5 17 5 10 1 Interharmonic Analysis 5 22 5 11 Viewing the Power Quality Log 5 25 5 12 Viewing the Power Quality Graph 2 a a 5 25 3 13 Database Status a Lis isa sde sa Sons aus S 5 27 DALA AIR DOIS ma jet ka SA Se eee ed eS Se ewe eS a 5 28 5 19 PODIF CONVENE la ada a D Ae EU ee a BO we da A 5 29 lO COMTRADE Converter e we Lee ele ek e 60 we ee ee m WA 5 29 MSV Stem Byentsiloe 4 6 8 os 30 45 eo ee Gm yes GB ae o dd amp rv 60 4 5 31 l
47. will go Fig 3 14 Fig 3 14 Open Shunt Jack Open Shunt Jack STOP BEFORE INSERTING A TEST PLUG make sure that all proper connections are made to the PDA 1252 Portable Go through steps above to double check G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 11 6 ONLY AFTER YOU HAVE DOUBLED CHECKED CONNECTIONS TO THE PORTABLE UNIT insert the Current Test Plug into the Shunt Jack slot as shown Fig 3 15 Make sure the RED part of the handle is facing toward the load The blade of the Test Plug slides horizontally into the two grooves on the front of the Shunt Jack Allow the alignment nipple and tab to guide the connector into the Shunt Jack Test Plug M Shorting Shunt Jack Blade Open Fig 3 15 Insert Test Plug into Shunt Jack Open G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 12 7 Remove the short of the Current Phase by pushing in the Shorting Blade Lever as far as it will go Shorting Blade Closed Fig 3 16 Remove Short of the Current Phase G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 13 3 7 2 2 Removing a Current Test Plug WARNING Follow these steps EXACTLY REMOVAL STEPS ARE JUST AS CRITICAL AS INSERTION STEPS 1 Short of the Current Phase by pulling back on the Shorting Blade Lever as far as it will go Fig 3 17 Test Plug Shorting Shunt Jack Blade Open Fig 3 17 Short the Current Phase Open G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701
48. with NEXAIPWR DII file version 2 1 0 8 or higher PQDIF Viewer Program optional e Devices Supported Electro Industries PDA 1252 e Operation 1 Use the Device 1 button select a DB file with waveform data 2 Select a Time Range 3 Press the PQDIF Format button 4 5 Select a PQDIF file name PQD to which you will export data Click OK PODIF exports the waveform data and converts it to PQDIF format 5 16 COMTRADE Converter MH The latest release of AiReports includes a new useful feature COMTRADE Converter Common Format for Transient Data Exchange COMTRADE is a standard that defines a format for the files containing transient waveform and event data collected from power systems or power system models The format is intended to provide an easily interpretable form for use in exchanging data As such it does not make use of the economies available from data encoding and compression that proprietary formats depend upon for competitive advantage The standard is for files stored on physical media such as digital hard drives and diskettes It is not a standard for transferring data files over communication networks This standard defines a common format for the data files and exchange medium needed for the interchange of various types of fault test and simulation data The COMTRADE Converter carefully adheres to COMTRADE specification IEC 60255 24 2001 NW File types and operations COMTRADE converter will generat
49. 0 0 00 0 00 20 00 20 00 20 00 ME E El El K a El El El El El KI E El El El El El Sampling Rate EGE Samples Cycle 50 T vavetorm PO Trigger A ry sm 2 Waveform PQ Trigger ycles Captured Per Window Z Waveform PQ Trigger Waveform PO Trigger Wavetorm PO Trigger Total Capture Windows Per Event E 8 Waveform PQ Trigger limit value of 100 equals the following primary value nr oto o ABL VPN P EX Waveform FL Trigger Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc 4 E148701 V1 02 4 6 H Software Triggers 2 To set the threshold for a PQ event and waveform capture enter the desired percentage of Full Scale in the Value column of the Above Setpoint and Below Setpoint sections Full Scales are shown in the lower right corner of the screen Note on CBEMA The CBEMA plotting is a power quality standard known world wide for recording the amount of damage voltage transient conditions have done to the equipment being monitored The unit automatically records this information For CBEMA purposes the user programs internal set points for voltage below 90 and above 110 of full scale 10 from the nominal voltage These setpoints are defined by the ITI CBEMA specification The ITI CBEMA Curve is published by Information Technology Industry Council ITI and is available at http www itic org iss pol techdocs curve pdf A user can set a recording with tighter voltage limits to trigger a waveform re
50. 0 00 4 9 2005 15 34 33 068 0 00 4 30 2005 09 25 31 03 S THD Volts AN AB 27 34 4 21 2009 03 06 50 17 000 4 9 2005 12 49 41 06 THD Volts BN BC 27 34 4 21 2005 03 06 5017 0 00 4 9 2005 i2 45 41 06 27 34 4 21 2009 03 06 5017 000 _ 4 9 2005 12 45 41 06 J 327 67 4 19 2005 02 44 27 05 0 00 4 19 2005 02 41 47 068 327 67 4 19 2005 02 44 27 05 TI 47972005 12 45 41 07 oo 327 67 4 19 2005 02 44 17 05 000 4 9 2005 12 45 41 073 KFactor I 255 98 7 4 2005 20 36 37 18 0 00 4 19 2005 02 41 47 068 KFactor I B 255 99 12 13 2004 08 45 43 068 TI 4 9 2005 12 45 41 E IO KFactor I C 255 99 12 7 2004 13 20 13 10 0 00 ETERNA IS ooo 0 999 LAG 12 10 2004 09 05 38 07 0 845 LAG 12 7 2004 13540908 Q2 Pwr Factor Totali SAIT 6 7 2005 13 11 16 19 0 493 LEAD 4 7 2005 10 58 47 04 J 0 999 LAG 6 7 2005 13 11 34 06 0 000 4 7 2005 21 43 51 068 1 000 4 9 2005 12 45 35 04 0 001 A jr c AAA QE A Nm Frequency Imbalance Y THD Volts AN AB THD Volts BN BC_ KFactor l A KFactor1B KFactor1C Scroll left right and up down to access all data Note To adjust the column widths position the cursor on a line between columns at the top of the screen When the cursor changes to a left right arrow hold down the left mouse button and drag the column border left or right Release the button when the column is at the desired width e Click Pause to temporarily stop the scre
51. 0 Ab 5 13 2006 6 00 00 000 Ab 5 13 2006 7 45 00 070 Ab 5413 2005 7 30 00 000 Ab 5413 2005 7 15 00 00 Ab 5413 2005 7 00 00 000 Ab 573 2005 6 45 00 000 AA 14 241 44 14 246 51 14 246 09 14 243 04 14 241 20 14 242 24 14 244 04 14 246 51 14 246 04 14 244 64 14 247 37 14 243 54 14 233 52 14 237 42 19 235 47 14 240 91 14 235 10 14 235 27 14 261 22 14 260 50 14 258 72 14 265 54 14 254 92 14 261 51 14 259 90 14 260 50 14 256 72 14 263 33 14 263 00 14 264 35 14 269 17 14 270 40 14 276 747 14 275 50 14 273 75 14 27 7 67 14 267 18 14 262 24 14 264 04 14 265 20 14 260 27 14 260 40 14 267 04 14 262 74 14 264 04 14 262 19 14 256 94 14 265 23 14 270 47 14 287 09 14 207 21 14 203 79 14 260 01 14 203 54 e The name of the log file IP134 in this example and the types of data points are listed in the top row e The viewer can move columns so that the most important data is most accessible Right click on the column title and drag 1t to the desired location on the table Repeat as desired to customize the table e To save the data to your clipboard right click with the cursor positioned anywhere in table e To sort the data by record type in either ascending or descending order click on the Sort button and use the pull down menu to make your selection M See the following section 5 7 for details about viewing Snapshot Graphs G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 5 9 5 6 Sort M
52. 000000010 0000 ARh oooo0i 3287k 00002 ARM o00000 000 00000 V h _ oooooo migm 00031 0773072004 09 00 00 00 Mm Poling HANNOVER MESSE 07 07 2004 14 45 00 02 lInterval 15 min lInterval 15 min E To change any of the settings that effect the readings click OK You will return to the main Communicator EXT screen Click Edit Profile Double click on the appropriate screen to access settings and make adjustments Click Update Profile to send the new settings to the PDA 1252 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 7511 7 3 5 Total Average Power Factor MH To view Total Average Power Factor from the PDA 1252 Analyzer connected to your computer select Total Average Power Factor from the Real Time Polling menu The following screen appears Total Average Power Factor Time Stamp Quadrant 1 4 0 0000 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 Quadrant 2 3 0 0000 Equation used to compute the Total Average Power Factor rr Maximum Time Stamp Minimum Time Stamp Quadrant 1 4 0 0000 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 0 0000 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 Quadrant 2 3 0 0000 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 0 0000 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 Time of Last Total Average Power Factor Reset 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 LJ Polling HANNOVER MESSE W This is a Read Only screen Readings are based on Power Factor settings from the Device Profile of the connected device To make changes on this screen click OK and return to the
53. 0amp load is applied the thermal average will indicate 90 amps after one time interval 99 amps after two time intervals and 99 9 amps after three time intervals When applied to power values watts VARs VA the average is a calculated value that corresponds to the thermal average over a specified time interval The interval is specified by the user in the meter profile The interval is typically 15 minutes So the Average Watts is the thermal average of watts over the previous 15 minute interval The thermal average rises to 90 of the actual value in each time interval For example if a constant 100kW load is applied the thermal average will indicate 90kW after one time interval 99kW after two time intervals and 99 9kW after three time intervals A unit of computer information equivalent to the result of a choice between two alternatives Yes No On Off for example Or the physical representation of a bit by an electrical pulse whose presence or absence indicates data Relating to a system of numbers having 2 as its base digits 0 and 1 The Block Fixed Window Average is the average power calculated over a user set time interval typically 15 minutes This calculated average corresponds to the demand calculations performed by most electric utilities in monitoring user power demand See Rolling Window Average A group of 8 binary digits processed as a unit by a computer or device and used especially to
54. 1 1 Three Phase System Configurations 1 1 1 Wye Connection lt lt 112 Delta Connection z scs ease da en Vd e ER Te a 1 1 3 Blondel s Theorem and Three Phase Measurement 1 2 Power Energy and Demand 1 3 Reactive Energy and Power Factor 1 4 Harmonic Distortion lt lt lt lt lt LS Power Quality LEE SR e eek bh SE RG Chapter 2 PDA 1252 Overview 2 41 The PDA 1252 System s k s a amp LE ew Le sdb 222 Hardware Overview e y e a d ly a PARU ea Zas EGEL DEN usara Be NE Bod OS oS OR Ee Se 2 4 Powering Your Portable Unit lt lt 23 DIMENSIONS s i oko Les SR ENTER I RARES a TE 2 6 Measurements and Calculations lt lt lt lt 2 7 Demand Integrators lt lt 2 8 PDA 1252 Specifications 2 9 Accessories cs e as Ss he Stee lg ee So te al er dre Chapter 3 Electrical Connections and Operation 3 1 Introduction to Electrical Installation 3 1 1 Estimate and Configure Overview 3 1 2 Wiring Connection Steps lt lt 3 1 3 Wiring Disconnect Steps lt lt 3 2 Wiring the Monitored Inputs and Voltages 23 V lt ge Connections u vio SL 4 ok d
55. 12 10 12 15 which we do not yet know As a guess we will use the last subinterval 12 05 12 10 as an approximation for the next subinterval 12 10 12 15 As a further refinement we will assume that the next subinterval might have a higher average 120 than the last subinterval As we progress into the subinterval for example up to 12 11 the Predictive Window Demand will be the average of the first two subintervals 12 00 12 05 12 05 12 10 the actual values of the current subinterval 12 10 12 11 and the predistion for the remainder of the subinterval 4 5 of the 120 of the 12 05 12 10 subinterval of Subintervals n Subinterval Length Len Partial Subinterval Length Cnt Prediction Factor Pct a RN l Len Tl Len Len Cnt Len Len 1 V Value Sub Len Cnt 1 X Value Partial W nt n 2 X Value 7 Cnt Partial pe n Len n 2 E Len Cnt pe n i 2x n 1 Len G5 Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 2 10 2 8 PDA 1252 Specifications Voltage Input 0 to 300 Volts L N plug powered 0 to 600 Volts L L plug powered 100 to 300 V AC L N line powered 200 to 600 V AC L L line powered Three Dual or Single Phase Power Systems Power Supply 200 to 600 Volts L L line powered Must be powered using B and C phases of Voltage 96 276 V AC 120 220 V AC wall plug powered Current Inputs 1252 5A 0 10 A Secondary Secondary Wiring Max Current and RMS Calculation Ra
56. 4 09 14 59 22 0 00 00 00 00 00 2 20 2004 15 14 59 18 NW Rolling Window Average or Average Rolling Demand Max and Min Watts VARS and VA readings with Time Stamp Click on tabs to access readings Time Stamp Maximum 82 304 7 10 2004 09 29 59 13 7 11 2004 20 44 59 0 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 LoD 7 3 3 Energy M To view Energy data for the currently connected PDA 1252 Analyzer select Energy from the Real Time Polling menu The set of Energy screens appears Energy Wh _0000000000000247 VARh 0000000 VARh 0000000000000948 MAh 0000000000001 01 2 Rec h Ah 0000000000001 067 YARh 0000000000001067 Uncompensated Energy 2 Squared T Cumulative Demand 0000000000002889 00000000000002651 YAh 0000000000063807 Quadrant Energy Primary Yeh 0000000000000046 VARh 0000000000001 941 WAh 0000000000001342 Del Wh 000000000001 053 VAh 0000000000065785 VAR 0000000000057686 kadi 0000000000031 01 2 Wh 0000000000000014 000000000000001 VAR 0000000 0000000000056753 OO Polling HANNOVER MESSE Click on the tabs to move from screen to screen E The PDA 1252 contains a true four quadrant power meter In the Quadrant Energy Primary section of this screen shown above readings are displayed for the VARS and VA in each quadrant NOTE Power Factor Lag and Lead is programmable in the Limits section of the Device Profile Quadra
57. A j 1 For Plug Power plug Power Cord into the PDA and set the P A Line Plug Switch to Plug For Line Power set the Line Plug Switch to Line 2 Insert Test Leads Alligator clips into jacks at end of the Fig 3 2 Test Cable Attachment Voltage Test Lead Cable Insert RED into RED and BLACK into BLACK Fig 3 3 Red Red 3 Clamp Alligator Clips to voltages A gt Ground Green first then HRef White to Neutral Blue to A Black to B Red to C see Section 3 6 Black Black Make sure colors of the voltage leads match the diagrams in Section 3 6 Fig 3 3 Test Lead Attachment 4 Plug the Voltage Input Cable into the PDA and rotate the black coupling nut to secure Fig 3 1 3 2 5 Plug the Current Input Cable into the PDA and rotate the black coupling nut to secure Fig 3 1 3 2 6 Clamp the CTs to current lines A then B then C The arrow on the CT must face the LOAD It is imperative that the correct order of connections voltage and the correct polarity is maintained for CTs CT Arrow must face the LOAD See Section 3 5 3 1 3 Wiring Disconnect Steps WARNING Follow ALL steps EXACTLY Please note that DISCONNECT steps are just as critical as Connection steps Turn the Line Plug Switch to OFF Unplug the voltage cable connector from the PDA Discomnect the alligator clips from the voltage sources Discomnect the CT s from the current lines Unplug the Current Input Cable from the PDA If s
58. E EEE SESE EEE wee SS 8 3 8 4 Software User Interface lt a 8 4 B OST za e Dr He ae Be eos ows tre Bete Se do os ur 8 7 9 65 POMO Lo e 2 BA a Glee Powe SN ee ERS See BR 8 7 Sa VEOONICWCE 2 A tre amp ek ee S a A ee ee tee eee re 8 7 8 6 Performance Notes z sda Gwe ERS es Ae SSE SRS oO a 8 8 Glossary Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 VII G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 VIII Chapter 1 Synopsis of Three Phase Power Measurement This introduction to three phase power and power measurement is intended to provide only a brief overview of the subject The professional meter engineer or meter technician should refer to more advanced documents such as the EET Handbook for Electricity Metering and the application standards for more in depth and technical coverage of the subject 1 1 Three Phase System Configurations Three phase power is most commonly used in situations where large amounts of power will be used because it 1s a more effective way to transmit the power and because it provides a smoother delivery of power to the end load There are two commonly used connections for three phase power a wye connection or a delta connection Each connection has several different manifestations in actual use When attempting to determine the type of connection in use it is a good practice to follow the circuit back to the transformer that is serving the circuit It is often not pos
59. E LIMITED TO THE ORIGINAL COST OF THE PRODUCT SOLD Statement of Calibration Our instruments are inspected and tested in accordance with specifications published by Electro Industries GaugeTech The accuracy and a calibration of our instruments are traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology through equipment that is calibrated at planned intervals by comparison to certified standards Disclaimer The information presented in this publication has been carefully checked for reliability however no responsibility is assumed for inaccuracies The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice This symbol indicates that the operator must refer to an explanation in the operating instructions Please see Chapter 3 Hardware Installation for important safety information regarding installation and hookup of the PDA 1252 Meter G Electro Industries Gaugetech Doc E148701 V1 02 Il About Electro Industries GaugeTech History Founded in 1973 by engineer and inventor Dr Samuel Kagan Electro Industries GaugeTech changed the face of power monitoring forever with its first breakthrough innovation an affordable easy to use AC power meter A few of our many Technology Firsts include 1978 First microprocessor based power monitor 1986 First PC based power monitoring software for plant wide power distribution analysis 1994 First 1 Meg Memory high performance power monitor for data analysis and recording
60. Fig 2 4 The PDA 1252 Dimensions DEPTH Depth of the closed case is 6 9 175 26mm G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 2 6 Measurements and Calculations The PDA 1252 Portable Analyzer measures many different power parameters The following is a list of the formulas used to conduct calculations with samples for Wye and Delta services Samples for Wye Vin Vbn gt Ven la Ib les in Samples for Delta Vat Vbo Veas la Ib Ie NW Root Mean Square RMS of Phase to Neutral Voltages n number of samples For Wye x an bn cn NW Root Mean Square RMS of Currents n number of samples For Wye x a b c n For Delta x a b c E Root Mean Square RMS of Phase to Phase Voltages n number of samples For Wye x y an bn or bn cn or cn an Views Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 2 5 E Power Watts per phase For Wye x a b c n gt T t l W n m Apparent Power VA per phase For Wye x a b c VA Vous wr I RMS y H Reactive Power VAR per phase For Wye x a b c VAR VA Watt E Power Watts Total For Wye W W W W For Delta n V ei y o 2 ABa Ao BC Cu _ t W n G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 E Reactive Power VAR Total For Wye VAR VAR VAR VAR For Delta 2 n gt Vaso lao t l VAR Vers el RMS y m m 2 n gt Vac o Pcs t 1 Ver
61. Figure 1 5 shows the phasor diagram for the voltages in a three phase four wire delta system Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 3 Vea 120 V Vbc 120 V 208 V Vab Fig 1 5 Phasor Diagram Showing Three phase Four wire Delta Connected System 1 1 3 Blondel s Theorem and Three Phase Measurement In 1893 an engineer and mathematician named Andre E Blondel set forth the first scientific basis for poly phase metering His theorem states If energy is supplied to any system of conductors through N wires the total power in the system is given by the algebraic sum of the readings of N wattmeters so arranged that each of the N wires contains one current coil the corresponding potential coil being connected between that wire and some common point If this common point is on one of the N wires the measurement may be made by the use of N 1 wattmeters The theorem may be stated more simply in modern language In a system of N conductors N 1 meter elements will measure the power or energy taken provided that all the potential coils have a common tie to the conductor in which there 1s no current coil Three phase power measurement is accomplished by measuring the three individual phases and adding them together to obtain the total three phase value In older analog meters this measurement was accomplished using up to three separate elements Each element combined the single phase voltage and current to produce a t
62. H At the bottom of all the display pages for the selected log file s including the Historical Trends display page you ll find a Sort button The Sort button allows you to customize the Log Viewer data to your needs by using the pull down menus to set the criteria for the sort Sort Data Uptions Sort Order Descending M e Click on the pull down menu next to Record Type to select from a variety of Record Types determined by the type of log being viewed For example the Historical Trends Log includes the following choices in the Record Type menu All Snapshots Group by Type Log 1 Log 2 Limits Input Relay Flicker Sort Data Options Record Type All onapshots Sort Item Date Time Sort Order Descending e Sort Item appears on some screens Click on pull down menu next to Sort Item to select Date Time or Readings for the currently selected Device e Click on pull down menu next to Sort Order to select Ascending or Descending Order e Click OK NW Ina few moments the customized data will load on to your screen G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 10 5 7 Viewing Trending and Demand Graphs XY and Circular 1 To display Trending or Demand data as either an XY or Circular graph click on the Graph button in the main Trending or Demand screen The following screen appears Select Data Points Available Data Points 18 Selected Data Points 12 Data Hame Data Name Inst la Inst lb Inst
63. Ic Inst Va Inst YARA Inst ea Inst FO Inst PFC Raw Add All Inst PF Inst PF Raw Inst Pre Rolling Avg WAR Rolling Avec t Rolling Avg Pred WA Rolling Avg Pred VAR Rolling Avg Fred Block Window Avg WA Block Window Avg VAR Block Window Avg yy Inst FFa Raw Inst FFE Ra Rolling Avg WA Inst FF e The Available Items column lists the data points that have been selected for the log file To add a new data point return to Log Viewer s main screen and click on the Data Points button see section 5 4 e From the Available Data Points column click on the data points you want to graph Then click the Add button The items will appear in the Graph Items column To select multiple points hold down the Ctrl key while clicking To select a sequence of points hold down the Shift key while clicking Note Only a total of six pens may be used at one time If there are two log files open you will only be allowed to select three data points from the left column 2 To view the graph press either the Circular or XY Graph button G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 11 172 346 Starting Date Time to View Starting Date Time to View Move by Sample Move by Sample Auto Show Auto Show Speed ses nl Forward Use Symbols uto Show Speed ral Use Symbols Number of Days to View 0 028 Total Number of Records 163 05 08 2000 8 42 25 AM Maximum Value Minimum Value wo
64. Limits screen opens 2 To change this screen z PIPE Input or select values for each Limit ID ES Nexus 1252 SETTING Use pull down menu to select Above or Below for Limit 1 and Limit 2 of FS Full Scale Enter value desired for your application Limit ID 01 Fifty Millisecond PRIMARY Enter value for your application LimitID 02 Fifty Millisecond M oe Limit ID 03 Fifty Millisecond COMBINATION LIMIT 3 Use pull down menu to m iva N s tres select AND OR XOR Hysteresis NAND NOR NXOR NHysteresis Click OK to return to Main Communicator EXT screen G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E145701 V1 02 4 10 4 4 Update the PDA 1252 NW For any changes to the PDA 1252 Device Profile to take SP Nexus 1252 effect you must click the EX General Settings UPDATE DEVICE button ER Revenue and Energy Settings EF Power Quality and Alarm Settings at the bottom of the Main Communicator EXT screen ER Trending Profile Settings STOP Before you update the device we recommend that you save your Device Profile by clicking the SAVE button at the bottom of the screen Give the Device Profile a Unique Name and store it in an accessible file Also save any logs or data that Update Device might be needed for applications All logs will be Reset Retneving Programmable Settings from Device ecg RAN ede Ao neo CECILE EEE Sn Time Remaining 1 Click the Update Device button Reading Block The s
65. MW Data available Pst Pst Max Pst Min values for long term recording Plt Plt Max Plt Min values for long term recording Block 1 Voltage Detector and Gain Control Input Voltage Adaptor 8 3 Setup Block 2 Square Law Demodulator Simulation Of Eye Brain Response Block 3 High Pass Filter DC Removal Low Pass Filter Carrier Removal Weighting Filter Block 4 Block 5 A D Converter Minimum Outout 1st Sampling 64 level oto Order Rate Classifier Squaring sliding gt 50H Multiplier Mean Filter Programming of short and long observation periods Output Recording Instantaneous Flicker in Perceptibility Units Figure 8 1 Simulation of Eye Brain Response Output and Data Display Pst Max Min Pst Plt Max Min Plt Initially the user must set up several parameters to properly configure Flicker Using Communicator EXT from the Icon Menu select Edit Device Profile From the Device Profile select Power Quality and Alarm Settings EN 50160 Flicker The following screen will appear G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 EM 50160 Flicker Settings short term test time PST ho gt Minutes Long term test time PLT Go Minutes Frequency jeo e Select a Pst time range from 1 to 10 minutes The standard measurement period is nominally 10 minutes e Select a Plt time range from 1 to 240 minutes The standard
66. Profile screen G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 4 3 7 Limits Screen Device Profile Limits Assigned Item E Setpoint combinan of FS Primary Z of FS Primary Fifty Millisecond Updated Current A Above 101 10 1011 00 Below 383 00 Fitty Milisecond Updated Current E Above 101 10 1011 00 Below 3839 00 Fifty Millisecond Updated Current C Above 101 10 1011 00 Below 969 00 Mot Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 Mot Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above l 0 01 6 Not Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 Mot Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 8 Not Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 9 Not Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 Mot Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 Not Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 Mot Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above l 0 01 Mot Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 Mot Assigned Above 0 01 0 01 Above 0 01 Channels Primary Yalues at 100 1A B C Ne 1000 00 Mm 1 00 Y Phase to Neutra 69 25 120 00 W Phase to Phase 120 00 Power Phase 120 00k Power Tota ZAD DK Frequency 60 00 NOTE The settings from the Trending screens will appear in the top section of the Limits screen 4 3 5 The bottom half of the Limits screen displays the Limits Full Scales 4 3 3 1 To access this screen click the symbol in front of Power Quality and Alarm Settings Then click Limits Then click on one of the settings The
67. SP OK ECTRUM Status 4 Port Settings NEXT eo NEXT s Current Voltage ul Readings NEXT NEXT Readings A B C Sl Voltage LAN PH PH Readings Firmware l PH N Versions Blak setings A B C BACK PH PH BACK PH N BACK 4 NEXT s AMPS VOLTS Current 4 Voltage j General Page Readings NET Readings ue LCD Screen Details Details Settings NEXT NEXT Meter Reset Commands AMPS VOLTS Real Time GENPAGE Power Readings A REAL TIME ak POWER SETTINGS NEXT R T Real Time Trending Table J LOG STATUS NEXT BACK Demand a Power v Readings Tower MAIN DETAIL Details TREND Th Real Time les Trending Graph NEXT SS CHANNEL i Real Time Trending Selector NEXT A Limits Harmonic Spectrum Waveform Graph NEXT NEXT Phasor NEXT Analysis G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Chapter 7 Real Time Polling 7 1 Overview NW The Real Time Polling features of Communicator EXT are used to continuously view instantaneous and stored values within a PDA 1252 Analyzer Communicator EXT provides tabular views of metered values circuit measurements interval data Power Quality values Pulse data and Input Output status and accumulations The Real Time Polling features are divided into three groups accessed by clicking the Real Time Polling menu Real Time Readings
68. T 800 EEE TT TILE S Te Te TT TIBET O HS Table 1 2 Power and Energy Relationship Over Time As in Table 1 2 the accumulated energy for the power load profile of Figure 1 7 is 14 92 kWh NW Demand is also a time based value The demand is the average rate of energy use over time The actual label for demand is kilowatt hours hour but this is normally reduced to kilowatts This makes it easy to confuse demand with power But demand is not an instantaneous value To calculate demand it is necessary to accumulate the energy readings as illustrated in Figure 1 7 and adjust the energy reading to an hourly value that constitutes the demand In the example the accumulated energy is 14 92 kWh But this measurement was made over a 15 minute interval To convert the reading to a demand value it must be normalized to a 60 minute interval If the pattern were repeated for an additional three 15 minute intervals the total energy would be four times the measured value or 59 68 kWh The same process is applied to calculate the 15 minute demand value The demand value associated with the example load is 59 68 kWh hr or 59 68 kWd Note that the peak instantaneous value of power is 80 kW significantly more than the demand value Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 17 NW Figure 1 8 shows another example of energy and demand In this case each bar represents the energy consumed in a 15 minute interval The energy use in each inte
69. TS SETTINGS View Limits View Change Settings ELECTRO INDUSTRIES gt POWER MONITORING y METER DESIGNATION i REAL TIME AGE POWER PHASORS OW Reset Button Figure 6 1 LCD Touch Screen Display Main Screen GENERAL PAGE GENERAL PAGE Overview of Real Time Readings READINGS DETAILS Volts AN BN CN AB BC CA Amps A B C Watts VARS VA FREQ PF Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 6 1 VOLTS Voltage Readings Details e Real Time Volts AN BN CN AB BC CA e Maximum Volts AN BN CN AB BC CA e Minimum Volts AN BN CN AB BC CA Touch PH N or PH PH to view details of Phase to Neutral or Phase to Phase Readings VOLTAGE READINGS DETAILS REAL TIME WOLTS 123 04 123 05 12305 123 04 0 00 O 00 0 00 MAR OLIS 234 85 263 54 234 85 266 11 0 1 1 28 00 18 085 NEXT REAL TIME VOLTAGE VOLTS Voltage Readings PH N READINGS DETAILS e Volts AN BN CN VOLTS 121 72 121 70 121 72 BACK Touch BACK to return to the Volts main screen A N B N C N POLLING MAIN NEXT REAL TIME VOLTAGE VOLTS Voltage Readings PH PH READINGS DETAILS e Volts AB BC CA VOLTS A B 0 0000 B C 0 0000 C A 0 0000 Touch BACK to return to the Volts main screen POLLING MAIN NEXT CURRENT AMPS Current Readings Details READINGS DETAILS Real Time Current A B C E nats URT Maximum Current A B C AMPS AMPS Minimum Current A B C 0 330 25 586 0 330
70. Va Vb and Vc terminals G Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doc E148701 V1 02 GLOSSARY 5 G Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doc E148701 V1 02 GLOSSARY 6
71. Vc and the time of computation e Current Plt Max values for Va Vb and Vc since the last reset and the time of the last reset e Current Plt Min values for Va Vb and Vc since the last reset and the time of the last reset G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 8 6 EN 50160 Flicker PLT Time Volts A 0 604 CAE 11 00 00 12 C t 06042004 11 26 50 ae Volts B 0 648 05704 2004 11 00 00 12 Next PST 3 min 11 sec Next PLT Smin 11 sec Yolts C 0 61 2 05 04 2004 11 00 00 12 Max Volts A 24 956 02 23 2004 20 30 00 12 Status Active ue vote 7 083 03 10 2004 08 30 00 19 Max Volts C 6 577 04 23 2004 12 30 00 05 Frequency Base C goaa Min Volts A 0 023 04 01 2004 11 30 00 13 Current 4 Min Volts B 0 023 04 01 2004 11 30 00 13 Min Yolts C 0 023 04 01 2004 11 30 00 13 Flicker Monito ring Polling Flicker Readings Base Yoltage 8 5 Logging The PDA 1252 is capable of logging Flicker values in an independent log When Flicker is on entries are made into the log in accordance with the times that associated values occur Pst Pst Max Pst Min Plt Plt Max Plt Min Start Reset and Stop times are all recorded All values can be downloaded to the Log Viewer where they are available for graphing or export to another program such as Excel All Flicker values are predefined and cannot be changed 8 6 Polling The Pinst Pst Pst Max Pst Min Plt Plt Max Plt
72. age Data is transmitted in a timed binary format providing increased throughput and therefore increased performance Nonvolatile Random Access Memory is able to keep the stored values in memory even during the loss of circuit or control power High speed NVRAM is used in the Nexus to gather measured information and to insure that no information is lost A short fixed length section of data that is transmitted as a unit Example a serial string of 8 bit bytes Percent Total Harmonic Distortion See THD GLOSSARY 3 Protocol PT Ratio Pulse Q Readings Quadrant Programmable Values and Factors on the Nexus Register Register Rollover Reset Rolling Window Average Power RS 232 Sag G Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doc E148701 V1 02 A language that will be spoken between two or more devices connected on a network Potential Transformer Ratio used to scale the value of the voltage to the primary side of an instrument transformer Also referred to as VT Ratio The closing and opening of the circuit of a two wire pulse system or the alternate closing and opening of one side and then the other of a three wire system which is equal to two pulses Q is the quantity obtained by lagging the applied voltage to a wattmeter by 60 degrees Values are displayed on the Uncompensated Power and Q Readings screen Watt and VAR flow is typically represented usng an X Y coordinate system The four corn
73. ame Log Viewer will ask you to select a log database file G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 5 6 Select a log database file for meter 1 E Test Unit 7 DE File name Files of type Mu Webwork FI PAPE Fi PF Open as read only meters Jen Data Log File DE AX Cancel e You may choose a different log file for Meter 1 and for Meter 2 You may only load one log file per Device e The log file assigned to each Device 1s listed in the pull down menu above the button Select No Meter from the pull down menu to close a log file 2 Select what log data points you would like to view by clicking on the Data Points button in the Select Data section The following screen appears JEIECEI Vala roms Available Data Points 18 Data Name Inst la Inst lb Inst Ic Inst WAS Inst VARA Inst a Inst FO Inst PFE Raw Inst PF Raw Rolling Avg WA Rolling Avg WAR Rolling Avec w Rolling Avg Pred VA Rolling Avg Pred VAR Rolling Avg Pred vv Block Window Avg WA Block Window Avg VAR Block Window Awg Ww Add All Remove All Restore Set Default Cancel Selected Data Points Data Mame 0 15 YAA 0 15 YARS 0 15 wa Inst an Inst n Inst Yon Inst Pra Inst FFE Inst FFC Inst PF Inst Pra Raw Inst PF Raw 12 e The Data Points available will vary with the type of log and the parameters set for it From the Available Data Points column click on the data
74. ate and Configure Overview 1 Power up unit plug into the wall Set Line Plug Switch to Plug Connect RS 232 cable to PC 2 Estimate the voltage and current levels to be measured section 3 1 3 Configure PDA 1252 according to your application Black Use the RS 232 connection to set up CT PT Curent lest Coupling Hookup and Logging configuration Lead Cable Nut Reconfigure PDA 1252 at any time to adjust for changes in application See Chapter 4 for details Line Plug Switch 4 Set Line Plug Switch to OFF Unplug unit Plug In RS 232 WARNING Follow ALL steps EXACTLY The analyzer can be powered by either Power Cord or Line Voltage Inside the case the Line Plug Switch will be set according to your power supply choice See Chapter 2 for hardware details Je Fig 3 1 Connectors G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 3 1 VOLTAGE CABLE With the Voltage Cable unplugged from the PDA connect the Voltage Clips to the voltage source Unplug the Voltage Cable connector from the PDA before disconnecting the Voltage Clips from the voltage source CURRENT CABLE Plug the Current Cable into the PDA before attaching the CT Probes to the load wires DAN GS E R Disconnect the CT Probes from the load wires then unplug the Current Cable from HIGH VOLTAGE the PDA 3 1 2 Wire Connecting Steps WARNING Follow ALL steps exactly and make sure that both the Current and Voltage cables are disconnected from the PD
75. b E ACH IE bre amp c 3 4 Wiring the Monitored Inputs Currents 3 4 1 Wiring a 1 Amp Unit PDA 1252 1A 202 3 4 2 Wiring a 5 Amp Unit PDA 1252 5A 202 3 5 Wiring CTs in Correct Order and Polarity 3 5 1 Isolating a CT Connection Reversal 3 6 Wiring Diagrams for WYE DELTA and Single Phase Systems 3 7 Circuit Analyzer Testing 4 3 7 1 Connecting Voltage Leads lt lt lt 3 7 2 Connecting the Current lt lt 3 7 2 1 Inserting a Current Test Plug 3 7 2 2 Removing a Current Test Plug Chapter 4 Configuring the PDA 1252 4 1 Using the PDA 1252 Portable Analyzer 4 2 RS 232 Connection Steps 4 3 PDA 1252 Configuration Steps G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 11 4 3 1 4 3 2 4 3 3 4 3 4 4 3 5 4 3 6 4 3 7 4 4 4 5 Software Connection v s a kde Xue AA a amp 4 2 CPT Ratios SENES 92 ra RE sov o a ee 4 3 Limit and Waveform Full Scales Settings lt lt lt 4 4 Labels SN di eee et Soe KES A oo eS E 4 5 PQ Thresholds Waveform Recording 4 6 Trend Profile Settings lt lt lt 4 9 EISSC GOSSES te tw ee Ve Jes Gre E 4 10 Update
76. click the Iaux On button click the Iaux Off button to remove Double click on the Iaux graph for a closer view e To include the High Speed Inputs in the graph click the Inputs On button Double click on the Inputs graph for a closer view Each input is listed on the Y axis followed by a 1 or O a 1 denotes that the input is open a 0 denotes that the input is closed Click Inputs Off to remove e To Print the graph click the Print Graph button e To Export an image from the screen click the Export Picture button e To Export the data only click the Export Data button e To view the previous or next waveform record click the Previous or Next buttons e To Zoom In on a portion of the graph click and drag to form a box then double click e To Zoom Out click the Zoom Out button e To view the Waveform Properties click Waveform Properties button The screen appears Waveform Properties Value Device 5 12 2005 8 29 30 567 AM Inm Surge Yab Saqg Vbc Sag 5 12 2005 8 29 30 534 AM 5 12 2005 8 29 30 667 AM Wavetorm Duration ms 133 Hookup A Delta 3 CTs G Back Module Ho 120 00 20 00 120 00 120 00 1000 00 1 00 1 00 1 00 sampling Rate 125 Total captured points 1024 Paints in trigger cycle 127 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 5 18 m To view the Advanced Waveform screen click Advanced Waveform This screen appears Advanced Waveform Analysis Setup G Use Entire Capture PDA 1252 54 Wavef
77. cording However CBEMA plotting will be based only on the limits internally set which is defined by the standard Note on Setting the PDA 1252 to Record Current Faults As discussed the voltage setpoints are used to record voltage type events such as voltage surges sags and transients The current settings are used to record faults on the line or in rush currents from devices such as motors Typically to catch these events set the limit to above 200 of full scale Waveform Clipping Threshold e PDA 1252 5 Amp Standard Hardware 62A Peak before clipping e PDA 1252 1 Amp Hardware 12A Peak before clipping NW Samples per Cycle 3 To choose the Samples per Cycle to be recorded at 60 Hz click on the Sampling Rate pull down menu Choose from 16 32 64 128 256 and 512 samples per cycle The number of samples per cycle you choose will inversely effect the number of cycles per capture e If you select 256 a Capture Only pop up screen will ask you to select Volts A B C or I A B C e If you select 512 a Capture Only pop up screen will ask you to select one of the individual channels G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc 4 E148701 V1 02 4 7 As you increase the number of samples you will record more detailed information The Table below illustrates the Effects of Sampling Rate on the number of cycles captured Increasing Sampling Rate increases Waveform definition but reduces the length of the observed window The a
78. d or Reverse button to determine the direction of the Auto Show To stop Auto Show deselect the Auto Show box e To print the graph on a color printer check the Color Printout box and click Print e To print the graph on a black and white printer click the Use Symbols box and click Print e To copy the graph data to the computer s clipboard select Copy from the File menu Paste the data into a spread sheet such as Excel e To export the graph s data select Export Data from the File menu e To change the graph s color assignments select Select Colors from the Options menu The following screen appears AT Graph Color Assignments Items Color Ez ES 1 Feeder 1 Y 2 Feeder 3 Feeder 1 CIO E E Foreground m m Background The small sguares under the Color heading represent the color currently assigned to each component of the graph To make adjustments to an Item s color click the radio button beside it and create a new color by moving the red green and blue sliders Create black by moving all sliders down white by moving all sliders up G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 13 The large square on the right shows the color you have created Click OK to return to the graph Log Viewer will redraw using the new color scheme Click the Restore button to return all color schemes to default values e To create a label for the graph select User Labels from the Options menu T
79. e PDA 1252 records the following logs e Historical Trends Logs 1 and 2 These logs are two separate collections of time stamped records or snapshots used to track any parameter over time Each record or snapshot can contain multiple data items which are recorded at specific intervals and stamped with the time of recording The following programmable criteria determine when the PDA 1252 will take a snapshot The user specified time interval A parameter s exceeding of a limit or a return to within limits The capture of a waveform An I O event a change in a relay or input e Limits Log The Limits Log retrieves independent out of limit information creating a sequence of events for any occurrence e Event Triggered Waveform Log The Event Triggered Waveform log records a waveform when a user programmable value goes out of limit and when the value returns to normal All information 1s time stamped to the nearest Imsec A new feature for interharmonic analysis observes further frequencies e Power Quality CBEMA Log This log records magnitude and duration of voltage and current surges and sags for every power quality PQ event The associated waveform is also recorded e Status Change Input Log Not applicable for this product e Control Output Relay Log Not applicable for this product e AiReports AiReports 2 0 is an optional power quality analysis software package used in conjunction with PDA 1252 Logs
80. e the following types of files filename cfg filename dat filename inf filename d filename cfg filename dat filename inf filename d G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 29 The term filename represents the user specified file name The symbol represents a value from 00 through 99 The symbol is the number of 1 or above for each additional waveform record File type cfg is for Configuration File type dat is for Data File type inf is for Information The software requires user to enter a unique filename each time the COMTRADE converter runs Upon COMTRADE Converter startup it will scan all files with the filename provided by the user at a location associated with COMTRADE file types listed above If it finds any file that already exists the software will issue a warning message and no conversion will take place NOTE The software will not overwrite an existing file 1t will only convert to a new filename m Using the COMTRADE Converter Feature with Log Viewer e System Requirements Installation of AiReports with NEXAIPWR DII file version 2 1 2 8 or higher COMTRADE Viewer Program is optional e Devices Supported Electro Industries PDA 1252 e Log Viewer Operation 1 Use the Device 1 button select a DB file with PDA 1252 waveform data 2 Select a Time Range 3 Press the COMTRADE format button 4 Enter a unique file name file extension is not need to which you wi
81. een screens 3 Click on the box beside the value s Ml Reset Historical Log 1 Revenue Log you would like to reset M Reset Historical Log 2 Revenue Log Click OK M Reset Sequence of Events Log JE Reset Digital Input Log E Reset Digital Output Log E NOTE If your PDA 1252 has Scaled M Reset Flicker Log Energy the Reset Cumulative Demand M Reset Waveform Log Registers selection appears on the second E Reset PQ Log tab If the meter does not have Scaled Energy it will not appear OK Cancel Help B NOTE If you click Reset Logs a EA eb a Warning will appear asking 1f you Reset Nexus Parameters want to Save Connected Device Settings ano a Click on the settings you would like to save then proceed with the Update If you do not save the settings they will be overwritten JE Reset Internal KYZ Out Accumulations E Reset Total Average Power Factor E NOTE PDA 1252 is NOT equipped for E Reset Cumulative Demand Registers Digital Inputs or Outputs Resets for Digital Input and Output Logs do not apply E Reset Hour Squared T and Y Squared T Counters M Reset Internal Input Accumulations and Aggregations 4 For each box you select a window will appear which states that the Reset is Completed Click OK The reset is completed Reset Nexus Parameters 5 You can password protect this feature by RE nie enabling the Password feature of the PDA 1252 Go to Tools Passwords NOTE If you cha
82. een The PU values Pinst for Voltage Inputs Va Vb and Vc are displayed here and are continuously updated The corresponding Current Voltage values for each channel are displayed for reference E Short Term Readings Click on the Short Term tab to access the screen containing three groups of Pst readings Pst Readings Displayed e Current Pst values for Va Vb and Vc and the time of computation e Current Pst Max values for Va Vb and Vc since the last reset and the time of the last reset e Current Pst Min values for Va Vb and Vc since the last reset and the time of the last reset The following screen is displayed EN 50160 Flicker Time l LongTerm PST Time ol Volts A 0 548 05 04 2004 17 20 00 08 C t 05 04 2004 11 25 51 od Volts B 0 697 05 04 2004 11 20 00 08 Next PST 4 min 10 sec Next PLT in 105 Volts C 0 584 05 04 2004 11 20 00 08 Status Max Yolts A 24 993 lo2 23 2004 20 40 00 23 Active Max Yolts B 8 636 Hi 072004 09 50 00 12 Max Yolts C 0 955 Hi 0 2004 09 50 00 12 Frequency Base Hd Min Volts A 0 023 Hi 8 2004 15 40 00 08 Current 20 06 Hz Min Yolts B 0 023 Hi 6 2004 15 40 00 08 Min Yolts C 0 023 Hi 6 2004 15 40 00 00 Flicker Monito ring Polling Flicker Countdown NW Long Term Readings Click on the Long Term tab to access the Plt readings The screen below displays three groups of Plt values Pit Readings Displayed e Current Plt values for Va Vb and
83. egister Demand RECEIVED KWATT 011 6 05 09 58 03 RECEIVED KVAR 2000000 20 00 00 DELIVERED KVAR 011605 16 25 48 o Block Fixed Window kWatth kVARhr DELIVERED KWATT 00 DO O0O 00 00 00 kWatth kVARh Coin kVARh C C kVARh COIN DELIVERED KW4R oin Touch ACCUM to view TOU Accumulations tal eae CURRENT Touch Next Reg to scroll Registers 1 8 and Totals MONTH GROUP Touch Next Group to scroll Prior Season Prior Month Current Season Current Month FLICKER INSTANTANEOUS 1 19 05 TIME E FLICKER INSTANTANEOUS ca odds Doli Current 0141605 15 52 16 Mcxl FST O0m an Or e Time Start Reset Stop Current Next PST PLT Samp les a een S A S d STATUS Stuppad ss o o o wis FLA er tatus Active or Stopped als Volts B 0000 122701 se BO Hz voe 29711 Y o Freguency A ae Vols C 0000 122 711 s e Frequency POLLING DE Touch SHORT TERM or LONG TERM to view SARTI ETOF RESET other Flicker screens START or STOP will appear depending on Status FLICKER SHORT TERM 1 1e6 O5 3 52 PM PST TIME E FLICKER SHORT TERM VOLTS A 0 000 OOVOCKODOC 00 00 00 00 VOLTS B 0 000 ODO 00 00 00 00 VOLIS 0 000 HO 00000 00 00 o Volts A B C MAX VOITS A 7 493 DEPO 091000 19 MAX VOLTS B 7112 06 20 2004 09 10 00 19 o Max Volts A B C MAX VOLIS C 6 506 04 23 2009 15 30 00 13 MIN VOITS A tPA 04202004 09 30 00 12 Min Volts A B C MIN VOLTS B 0 023 04 30 2004 09 30 00 12 MIN VOLTS C 0 023 04 30 2004 09 30
84. en update and enable the Copy button Click Resume to continue the Real Time update e Click Print to send the data to a printer e To Copy the data into another program click Pause to enable the Copy button then click Copy Paste into your new document e Click OK to return to the main Communicator EXT screen M To reset the Max Min and Demand Readings see section 4 5 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 7 3 7 2 3 Poll Reading Grid MH To view all available polling data of the currently connected PDA 1252 Analyzer select Poll Reading Grid from the Real Time Polling menu The following screen appears E Pollling Grid Channel DELTA 0 1 second 1 second Average Maximum Minimum Maximum Minimum 1 Cycle 122 70 122 74 122 79 266 11 0 00 0 00 182 71 25 59k 000k 22724 182 71 19217 190 34 498k OK 227 03 182 71 19234 190 35 756k oook 22871 oia 019 os oook oook oz WAL 0 00 200 2313k 00k ow ooo ooo ooof 7344 000 L ea ooo 000 oo ooo o oo ooo 1708 ooo nsl 0 00 ooo 0 00 596919k PE PS e O o oo 0 00 0 00 5191 00k O 00k 37375k 0O00Xk o oo EE 0 00k 2947 03k 130 84k Freguency 0 000 0 000 0 000 60 051 C TT Pwr Factor Total 1 000 1 000 i000 mbalance Y A Aux 0 00 0 00 0 00 100 00 mbalance NAL 000 000 100 00 o oof E 2 5 a Dr n P an jx KFactorl A KFactor B KFactor C Ph Angle A Ph Ang
85. energy is the component of power that is the combination of the voltage and the value of corresponding current that is directly in phase with the voltage However in actual practice the total current is almost never in phase with the voltage Since the current is not in phase with the voltage it is necessary to consider both the inphase component and the component that is at quadrature angularly rotated 90 or perpendicular to the voltage Figure 1 9 shows a single phase voltage and current and breaks the current into its in phase and quadrature components G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 8 Angle 6 Figure 1 9 Voltage and Complex E The voltage V and the total current I can be combined to calculate the apparent power or VA The voltage and the in phase current IR are combined to produce the real power or watts The volt age and the quadrature current IX are combined to calculate the reactive power The quadrature current may be lagging the voltage as shown in Figure 1 9 or it may lead the voltage When the quadrature current lags the voltage the load is requiring both real power watts and reactive power VARs When the quadrature current leads the voltage the load is requiring real power watts but is delivering reactive power VARs back into the system that is VARs are flowing in the opposite direction of the real power flow NW Reactive power VARs is required in all power systems Any equipment that
86. er network has to be processed while conforming with Figure 8 1 below e Block 1 consists of scaling circuitry and an automatic gain control function that normalizes input voltages to Blocks 2 3 and 4 For the specified 50 Hz operation the voltage standard is 230 V RMS e Block 2 recovers the voltage fluctuation by squaring the input voltage scaled to the reference level This simulates the behavior of a lamp e Block 3 is composed of a cascade of two filters and a measuring range selector In this implementation a log classifier covers the full scale in use so the gain selection 1s automatic and not shown here The first filter eliminates the DC component and the double mains frequency components of the demodulated output The configuration consists of a 05 Hz Low High Pass filter and a 6 Pole Butterworth Low Pass filter located at 35 Hz The second filter is a weighting filter that simulates the response of the human visual system to sinusoidal voltage fluctuations of a coiled filament gas filled lamp 60 W 230 V The filter implementation of this function is as specified in IEC 61000 4 15 e Block 4 is composed of a squaring multiplier and a Low Pass filter The Human Flicker Sensation via lamp eye and brain is simulated by the combined non linear response of Blocks 2 3 and 4 e Block 5 performs an online statistical cumulative probability analysis of the flicker level Block 5 allows direct calculation of the evaluation para
87. ere the voltage reference to ground can be conclusively identified G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 2 1 1 2 Delta Connection NW Delta connected services may be fed with either three wires or four wires In a three phase delta service the load windings are connected from phase to phase rather than from phase to ground Figure 1 3 shows the physical load connections for a delta service Phase C W prase a Phase B Figure 1 3 Three Phase Delta Winding Relationship In this example of a delta service three wires will transmit the power to the load In a true delta service the phase to ground voltage will usually not be balanced because the ground is not at the center of the delta Figure 1 4 shows the phasor relationships between voltage and current on a three phase delta circuit In many delta services one corner of the delta is grounded This means the phase to ground voltage will be zero for one phase and will be full phase to phase voltage for the other two phases This 1s done for protective purposes Vca Ic Vbc E Vab Figure 1 4 Phasor Diagram Three Phase Voltages and Currents Delta Connected Another common delta connection is the four wire grounded delta used for lighting loads In this connection the center point of one winding is grounded On a 120 240 volt four wire grounded delta service the phase to ground voltage would be 120 volts on two phases and 208 volts on the third phase
88. ers of the X Y plane are referred to as quadrants Most power applications label the right hand corner as the first quadrant and number the remaining quadrants in a counter clockwise rotation Following are the positions of the quadrants Ist upper right 2nd upper left 3rd lower left and 4th lower right Power flow is generally positive in quadrants 1 and 4 VAR flow is positive in quadrants 1 and 2 The most common load conditions are Quadrant power flow positive VAR flow positive inductive load lagging or positive power factor Quadrant 2 power flow negative VAR flow positive capacitive load leading or negative power factor An entry or record that stores a small amount of data A point at which a Register reaches its maximum value and rolls over to zero Logs are cleared or new or default values are sent to counters or timers The Rolling Sliding Window Average is the average power calculated over a user set time interval that is derived from a specified number of sub intervals each of a specified time For example the average is calculated over a 15 minute interval by calculating the sum of the average of three consecutive 5 minute intervals This demand calculation methodology has been adopted by several utilities to prevent customer manipulation of kW demand by simply spreading peak demand across two intervals A type of serial network connection that connects two devices to enable communication bet
89. etup for Plug power disconnect the Power Cord E ES Electro Industries Gauge Tech Docit E148701 V1 02 3 2 3 2 Wiring the Monitored Inputs and Voltages NW Select a wiring diagram from Section 3 6 that best suits your application Wire the PDA 1252 exactly as shown For proper operation the voltage input and current input connection must be correspond to the correct terminal Program the CT and PT Ratios in the Device Profile section of the Communicator EXT software see Chapter 4 for details 3 3 Voltage Connections MW The unit connects using 0 5A fused Voltage leads The unit can self power from the voltage inputs and measure up to 300V L N and 600V L L 3 4 Wiring the Monitored Inputs Currents 3 4 1 Wiring a 1 Amp Unit PDA1252 1A 5 Leads Included The 1A Unit measures current with the following optional 600V Rated clamp on current probes 1 MD304 Clamp on CT with 5 foot Male Banana Leads Ratio 100 1 Range 10 100 Amps Full Scale Setting 100 1 Jaw Opening 1 3 33mm max 2 SR604 Clamp on CT with 5 foot Male Banana Leads Ratio 1000 1 Range 100 1000 Amps Full Scale Setting 1000 1 Jaw Opening 2 25 57mm max 3 JM830 Clamp on CT with 5 foot Male Banana Leads Ratio 3000 1 Range 1000 3000 Amps Full Scale Setting 3000 1 Jaw Opening 3 54 90mm max 3 4 2 Wiring a 5 Amp Unit PDA1252 5A 5 Leads Included The 5 Amp unit measures 5 Amp Secondary currents using the
90. eus RTU POLLING W NEXUS STATUS NEXUS STATUS Device Type Nexus 1252 me Serial Number 10 digit number Nexus 1252 Comm State Healthy or Unhealthy SERIAL NUMBER COMM STATE N R A 4 MB DOOOO00000 HEALTHY pierce DSP STATE DSP STATE DSP State Healthy or Unhealthy HEALTHY HEALTHY Protection Password Enabled or Disabled PROTECTION ON TIME i F A 155 On Time Current Date and Time DA Pano An POLLING FIRMWARE VERSIONS E FIRMWARE VERSIONS Nexus 1252 Nexus 1252 Boot 601 BOOT 601 Run time 606 RUN TIME 606 DSP Boot 600 DSP BOOT 600 DSP Run time 604 LCD Display AAD DSP RUN TIME 604 LOD DISPLAY AAD This screen displays the current firmware version for the Nexus and the display G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 6 8 6 2 Navigational Map for LCD Touch Screen Display DEMAND Accumulated Energy Information TOU NEXT y Time of Use Readings Register DEMAND i Accumulations ys NEXT ACCUM Time of Use if Readings Register NEXT Demand a ald TOU FLICKER LIMITS Long Time Flicker LONG TERM Instantaneous Flicker ead SHORT Short Time Flicker TERM WAVEFORM Ph ue NEXT PHASORS
91. for Interharmonic Analysis of a Waveform 1s its first point But a user can set a starting point place the mark anywhere in the waveform assuming that there will be enough sample points available after the starting point If there are not enough points in this waveform capture the software will check the next waveform record s stored in the database If it is contiguous additional points up to 200ms will be retrieved for analysis For a waveform with a sampling rate equal to or less than 64 the software will only check the record being viewed For a waveform with a sampling rate equal to or greater than 128 the software will check two contiguous records Resetting the mark will set the starting point back to the waveform s first point NW From Log Viewer s main screen click the Interharmonic Analysis button The following screen will appear iWarolome W Mole Wavelom 61 47162007 224 109 FH Wavelam Vb Wir a Farquenc oma TA be 15 0 IEC 1000 2 1 1 Interharmonic Spectrum 50Hz Window W Meteri Ven 41168200 75010 000 80016 EH 105016 Re Oo 1500101950 Frequency Hz Group anionic k MEC 1000 2 1 imehama m To view a graph Select a Starting Point if it is other than the first point of the waveform default Select System Frequency 50Hz or 60Hz before performing the analysis by clicking Options at the top of the screen and clicking 50Hz or 60Hz The last frequency set will be the default until it is cha
92. gnation must be set for Partial Log Retrieval Click OK to return to the Main Device Profile screen Device Profile ES Nexus 1252 EXF General Settings EF CT PT Ratios and System Hookup EF Limit and Waveform Full Scales EXF Time Settings Meter Designation PDA 1252 5A VAUX aux IN Measured Inm Power Direction Quadrant 4 Delivered and Quadrant 2 3 Received Power Factor Display Method 2 01 Lag G2 Lead 03 Lag 04 Lead EF Communications EF DNP Custom Classes Map EF Custom Modbus Map EFF Revenue and Energy Settings Update Device J Exit Device Profile Editor Device Prohle Labels Meter Designation Y Aux IN Measured Power Direction PDA 1252 54 Quadrant 4 Delivered and Quadrant 3 Received ENE Method 2 01 Lag Q2 Lead G3 Lag G4 Lead Memo Field i T _ NOTE For Meter Designations you can use any character allowed by Windows Operating System for a File Name since the Meter Designation will be used as the File Name In English versions the following characters will not work lt gt For meters used internationally by multilingual users it is recommended that you use ONLY alphanumeric characters allowed by your Operating System G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 4 3 5 PQ Thresholds Waveform Recording E The Power Quality PQ and Waveform Thresholds setting determines at what point the PDA 1252 will execu
93. grammed to produce the Rolling Window Demand Example With settings of 3 five minute subintervals subinterval averages are computed every 5 minutes 12 00 12 05 12 15 etc for power readings over the previous five minute interval 11 55 12 00 12 00 12 05 12 05 12 10 12 10 12 15 etc Further every 5 minutes the subinterval aver ages are averaged in groups of 3 12 00 12 05 12 10 12 15 etc to produce a fifteen 5x3 minute average every 5 minutes rolling sliding every 5 minutes 11 55 12 10 12 00 12 15 etc Predictive Window Demand Predictive Window Demand enables the user to forecast average demand for future time intervals The Nexus uses the delta rate of change of a Rolling Window Demand interval to predict average demand for an approaching time period The user can set a relay or alarm to signal when the Predictive Window reaches a specific level thereby avoiding unacceptable demand levels The PDA1252 calculates Predictive Window Demand using the following formula Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 2 9 Example Using the previous settings of 3 five minute intervals and a new setting of 120 prediction factor the working of the Predictive Window Demand could be described as follows At 12 10 we have the average of the subintervals from 11 55 12 00 12 00 12 05 and 12 05 12 10 In five minutes 12 15 we will have an average of the subintervals 12 00 12 05 and 12 05 12 10 which we know and
94. he following screen appears Graph Labels Electro Industries Power Graphs 1996 Advanced Tools for Reporting and Analysis Enter a label in each line and click OK The two line label will appear on the right side of the graph Click Restore to enter the previous label e To view a summary of data for any point on the graph position the curser on the graph and hold down the mouse button G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 14 5 8 Viewing the Limits Log NW From Log Viewer s main screen click on the Limits button or View Data Limits Log Viewer displays limit information for the selected log file s based on the time range specified in the Select Time Range section of its main screen see section 5 4 44 ElG Log Viewer IC File Edit Select Data View Data Help Data Type Limits Log Time Range 5 12 2005 11 59 59 PM to 2 13 2005 JE Show Snapshots DITA TI R J PDA 1252 5A Limit 2 ME 18 PDA 1252 5A imit MANE 87 PDA 1252 5A Limit 2 17 PDA 1252 5A Limit 1 EXER 34 PDA 1252 5A Limit 2 34 PDA 1252 5A Limit JE 34 PDA 1252 5A Limit 2 16 PDA 12525A Limit 1 EEE 95 PDA 12525A Limit 2 33 PDA 1252 5A Limit 1 E 34 PDA 1252 5A Limit 2 17 PDA 1252 5A Limit NANA 82 PDA 1252 5A Limit 2 17 PDA 1252 5A Limit 1 BREE 05 PDA 1252 5A Limit 2 L Bo Po PA PA PA Po Po Po P P5 P5 P P T ie e Click the Show Snapshots box on the left side of the screen to display the limits snapshot information e
95. le B Ph Annole li Coincident Channel Block Window Average VAR Rolling Window Average WAR Channel DELTA HBO INm Frequency Pwr Factor Total Imbalance V Imbalance KFactor A KFactor1B KFactoriC Ph Angle IA Ph Angle 1B u B a u T m lt gt Ja M Scroll left right and up down to access all data The first two columns are Instantaneous values Column 3 is the Thermal Average Columns 4 7 are the Thermal Max and Mins and Column 8 is a Single Cycle value captured during the last screen update Note To adjust the column widths position the cursor on a line between columns at the top of the screen When the cursor changes to a left right arrow hold down the left mouse button and drag the column border left or right Release the button when the column 1s at the desired width e Click Pause to temporarily stop the screen update and enable the Copy button Click Resume to continue the Real Time update e Click Print to send the data to a printer e To Copy the data into another program click Pause to enable the Copy button then click Copy Paste into your new document e Click OK to return to the main Communicator EXT screen G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 7 4 7 3 Revenue Energy and Demand Readings 7 3 1 Power MW To view Power readings for the currently connected PDA 1252 Analyzer select Poll Power from the Real Time Polling menu The set of Powe
96. ll export data 5 Click OK COMTRADE Converter exports the waveform data and converts it to COMTRADE format files G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 30 5 17 System Events Log MW From the Log Viewer s main screen click on the System Events button or View Data System Events Log Viewer displays System Events information for a selected meter based on the time range specified in the Select Time Range section of its main screen see section 5 4 amp EIG Log Viewer File Edit Select Data View Data Help System Event Log Time Range 7 18 2005 12 17 04 890 PM to 2 22 2005 6 32 55 000 AM In Test Made Event Type 06 2005 12 17 04 890 PM Andrews 52 test Log Download Download started while logging 68 2005 12 17 03 810 PM Andrews 52 test Log Download Download started fwhile logging 2068 2005 11 50 08 180 AM Andrews Be test Power Run Time is active features wer EE Data Type Sort Criteria Andrews 52 test Andrews 52 test Andrews be test Andrews 52 test 10 2005 17 50 02 060 AM Andrews 52 test Change Firmware COMM runtime firmware previou Andrews be test Andrews 52 test Andrews 52 test Andrews 52 test Power Power Feature Reset Power Change Programmable Settings Power Power Feature Reset Power Run Time has started Run Time was stopped power lo Reset all logs from Por e 10 100 Run Time is active features wer Run Time has started Run Time was stopped power lo
97. lumn 3 Note the Meter Designation field e Ifyou have entered a Meter Designation for the device in the Labels section of the Device Profile that unique name will appear here Communicator EXT will apply this name to the file containing the logs you choose to retrieve placing the file in the Retrieved Logs folder e Ifthe PDA 1252 does not have a Meter Designation this field will appear blank and Communicator EXT will ask you to name the log file and supply a destination See section 4 3 4 for details on setting or editing the Meter Designation 4 Click Start Communicator EXT begins to retrieve the log or perform a partial download The following screen appears G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 4 Partial Retneval of Waveform Samples Log Time Remaining 0 minutes 17 seconds Reading Block M RE 5 After Communicator EXT has retrieved the log it converts the data The Log Converter application runs automatically EIG Log Converter 780 x Hode Running tart 571272005 8 45 07 AH Status Creating new tables for record 2262 of 8704 Version 3 0 21 03 26 2005 T 0 6 Communicator EXT then runs Log Viewer EIG Log Converter 780 E Mode Stopped Start 5 12 2005 8 45 07 AM Status Conversion successful Delete source file amp successtul Version 3 0 21 03 26 2005 T 0 When the conversion is complete the Log Converter automatically deletes the source file
98. lyzer select Demand from the Real Time Polling menu The set of Demand screens appears NW Click on the tabs at the top of each screen to access other readings Examples of the additional screens follow E Peak Peak Demand Readings for Watts VARS VA and PF Peak or Maximum Demand is the largest Average Value for the selected demand interval E Thermal Demand Thermal or Exponential Demand 1s used to emulate the operation of electro mechanical Thermal Demand meters This measurement responds like lagged thermal heating effects in electrical equipment G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Watts Watts Coincident VARS Watts Coincident VARS YARS WARS Demands Average Maximum Be 7 Ok Time Stamp 7 10 2004 09 13 04 05 7 20 2004 14 15 55 09 H Thermal Average VARS The exponential average VARs Exponential averages are used because they discount older values and respond more like Time Stamp the thermal effects imum s72a 2i 7 7 2004025950 12 Da 00 00 00 00 280 2004 07 39 41 21 m Thermal Average VA The exponential average VA Exponential averages are used because they discount older values and respond more like the thermal effects Demands Minimum 59 18k 7 20 2004 14 15 55 09 E Block Window Average or Average Demand Max and Min Watts VARS and VA readings with Time Stamp A Time Stamp Click on tabs to access readings Maximum 82 60k 7 10 200
99. main Communicator EXT screen In the Device Profile make changes to Maximum and Minimum Power settings e Click OK to return to the main Communicator EXT screen G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 7 12 7 3 6 Time of Use Registers MW To view Time of Use Readings from the PDA 1252 Analyzer connected to your computer select Time of Use from the Real Time Polling menu The following screen appears Time of Use Readings Status start Time End Time Register Inactive Cure th 00 00 0000 00 00 00 00 00 0000 00 00 00 Register Totals Register Accumulatians vanh C O000000000000000 vanh 0000000000000000 vah _oo00000000000000 92 a1 vanf o000000000000000 Rec wh ____ o000000000000000 Delwh 0000000000000000 A 93 ps van 0000000000000000 Rh 0000000000000000 arn M 7 Re g i ster Fe ak D eman d B oc k v i fl cl Ci Delivered att Ho Values for Group 00 00 0000 Received Watt Ho Values for Group 00 00 0000 Delivered VAR Ho Values for Group 00 00 0000 Received VAR Mo Values for Group 00 00 0000 Delivered Watt Comcident YAA Mo Values for Group Received Wait Coincident VAR Mo Values for Group Register Cumulative Demand Continuous Delivered watt 0000000000 0000000000 Received watt 0000000000 0000000000 CT Polling HANNOVER MESSE W This is a Read Only screen Readings are based on Time of Use settings from the Device Profile of the connected device
100. meters Pst and Plt MW Flicker is computed using the three phase to neutral voltages in WYE configurations and the three phase to phase voltages when in DELTA Evaluation occurs in the following forms Instantaneous Short Term or Long Term Each form is detailed below G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 8 1 e Instantaneous Flicker Evaluation An output of 1 00 from Block 4 corresponds to the Reference Human Flicker Perceptibility Threshold for 50 of the population This value is measured in Perceptibility Units PU and is labeled Pinst This ia a real time value and it is continuously updated e Short Term Flicker Evaluation An output of 1 00 from Block 5 corresponding to the Pst value corresponds to the conventional threshold of irritability per IEC 1000 3 3 In order to evaluate flicker severity two parameters have been defined one for the short term called Pst defined in this section and one for the long term called Plt defined in the next section The standard measurement time for Pst is 10 minutes Pst is derived from the time at level statistics obtained from the level classifier in Block 5 of the flicker meter The following formula is used P 0 0314P 0 0525P 0 0657P 0 28P 0 08P Where the percentiles P 0 1 P 1 P 3 P 10 P 50 are the flicker levels exceeded for 0 1 1 2 20 and 50 of the time during the observation period The suffix S in the formula indicates that the smoothed
101. mpact of the actual voltage and current are included A second type of power factor is Displacement Power Factor Displacement PF is based on the angular relationship between the voltage and current Displacement power factor does not consider the magnitudes of voltage current or power It is solely based on the phase angle differences As a G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 9 result it does not include the impact of harmonic distortion Displacement power factor is calculated using the following equation Displacement PF cos 8 where 0 is the angle between the voltage and the current see Fig 1 9 In applications where the voltage and current are not distorted the Total Power Factor will equal the Displacement Power Factor But if harmonic distortion is present the two power factors will not be equal 1 4 Harmonic Distortion NW Harmonic distortion is primarily the result of high concentrations of non linear loads Devices such as computer power supplies variable speed drives and fluorescent light ballasts make current demands that do not match the sinusoidal waveform of AC electricity As a result the current waveform feeding these loads is periodic but not sinusoidal Figure 1 10 shows a normal sinusoidal current waveform This example has no distortion A Phase Current 1500 1000 900 500 1000 1500 Figure 1 10 Nondistorted Current Waveform MW Figure
102. nd Min values are stored and are not lost if the unit is powered down Flicker meets the requirements of IEC 61000 4 15 and former IEC 868 Refer to those specifications for more details 1f needed Operation is at 230V for 50Hz and 120V for 60Hz as per specification If the input voltage is different the system will normalize it to 230V or 120V for computational purposes G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 8 8 0 1 Second Values 1 Second Values Alarm Annunciator Average Current Average Power Bit Binary Block Window Avg Power Byte Glossary These values are the RMS values of the indicated quantity as calculated after approximately 100 milliseconds 6 cycles of sampling These values are the RMS values of the indicated quantity as calculated after one second 60 cycles of sampling An event or condition in a meter that can cause a trigger or call back to occur A short label that identifies particular quantities or values displayed for example kWh When applied to current values amps the average is a calculated value that corresponds to the thermal average over a specified time interval The interval is specified by the user in the meter profile The interval is typically 15 minutes So Average Amps is the thermal average of amps over the previous 15 minute interval The thermal average rises to 90 of the actual value in each time interval For example if a constant 10
103. nge 0 40 A Secondary Max Waveform Recorder Range 1252 1A 0 2 A Secondary Secondary Wiring Max Current and RMS Calculation Range 0 8 A Secondary Max Waveform Recorder Range Burden 20 VA Voltage line powered 0 05 VA Voltage plug powered 0 05 VA Current Frequency 20 to 410Hz Base Operating Temperature 0 50 C Accuracy 0 15 of Reading Voltage and Current 0 2 of Reading Watts and Energy 01 Hz Frequency 1 of FS THD Construction NEMA 4 Rated Outdoor Enclosure Compliance ANSI C12 20 Class 0 2 Accuracy IEC 687 Class 0 2 Accuracy IEC 61000 4 15 Flicker G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 2 9 PDA 1252 Accessories Included Accessories RC5589 14 x 14 x 3 EIG Nylon Accessory Carrying Case with Shoulder Strap VLP1252 Voltage Lead Set 5 Pole ALP1252 Current Lead Set 2 Pole 4 Sets of Leads COMEXT3 0C Communicator EXT Software 3 0 9PINC Straight DB9 RS 232 Cable Optional Software AIEXT3 AI Reports Artificial Intelligence Reporting Package Optional 1 Amp Model Accessories MD304 100 1A Clamp on CT with 5ft male banana leads Range 10 100A SR604 1000 1A Clamp on CT with 5ft male banana leads Range 100 1000A JM830A 3000 1A Clamp on CT with Sft male banana leads Range 1000 3000A Optional 5 Amp Model Accessories SR632 1000 5A Clamp on CT with Sft male banana leads Range 100 1000A KBTP1 Knife blade test plug with 3ft male banana leads
104. nge Passwords you MUST remember them because there are no default settings M Reset Time of Use Active Registers G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc 4 E148701 V1 02 Aa ez Chapter 5 View and Download Data 5 1 Overview m To view or download data from the PDA 1252 follow section 4 2 to 4 3 1 to establish hardware and software connections with the PDA 1252 Once those connections are established you can view Real Time Data on the LCD Touch Screen Display The use of the LCD Touch Screen Display is detailed in Chapter 6 You can also view and or download data to your PC via the RS 232 connection This whole chapter is devoted to describing the various types of logs created by the PDA 1252 viewing them analyzing them graphing them and downloading them 5 1 1 The Steps for Using All Logs WE The following is the general sequence for working with all logs l Program parameters specific to each log in the PDA 1252 s Device Profile section 5 2 Logs run automatically Retrieve the logs manually from the PDA 1252 section 5 3 or retrieve logs automatically using the Script amp Scheduler Program View and analyze log data with Communicator EXT s Log Viewer sections 5 5 5 18 Diagnose PO Events from PDA 1252 logs create comprehensive report transmit modify print or export file with optional AiReports software section 5 15 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 1 5 1 2 Log Overview H Th
105. nged G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 22 Three graphs will be displayed i Waveforms W_Meterl Waveform 1 4 16 2002 2 24 10 561 PM Waveform Vbn Sag Yen S ag Options 200ms 0 277 Wavetorm for Interharmonic Analysis SOHz Window W_Meter1 Vbn 4 16 2002 2 24 10 561 00 PM 17 97 36 2 54 43 72 66 90 89 109 11 127 34 145 57 163 6 182 03 Milliseconds ECS dn a The 200ms Waveform 10 cycles or 12 cycles Waveforms W_Meterl Waveform 1 4 16 2002 2 24 10 561 PM Waveform Ybn Sag Yen S ag Frequency 1915 0 29 Harmonic amp Interharmonic Spectrum 50Hz Window W Meterl Vbn 4 16 2002 2 24 10 561 00 PM 87D 1045 1220 1395 1570 Freguency Hz Zoom Out Print Export Harmonic k IEC 1 000 2 1 Interharmonic Interharmonic Normalized Harmonic and Interharmonic Spectrum of the Waveform G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 23 i Waveforms W_Meterl Waveform 1 4 16 2002 2 24 10 561 PM Waveform Ybn Sag Yen Sag Options Frequency Group 1500 to 1550 0 26 IEC 1000 2 1 1 Interharmonic Spectrum 50Hz Window W Meterl Vbn 4 16 2002 2 24 10 561 00 PM 150 to 200 300 to 350 450 to 500 600 to 650 750 to 800 900 to 950 1050to1100 1200to1250 1350to1400 1500to 1550 Frequency Hz Group Print Export Waveform Harmonic amp IEC 000 2 1 Interharmonic i Interharmonic Interharmonic Spectrum with Grouped Freguencies NW Measurement IEC 61000 4 7 ref First Editi
106. nt Power Factor Watts VARS l Lag T 2 Lead 3 Lag 4 Lead M Additional screens are shown below Energy E Cumulative Demand Readings in Secondary Primary and Primary Delivered Watts o00000000 000000079 Received Watts 000000000 000001683 secondary Delivered Watts 0000000000 Received Watts 0000000000 Uncompensated Energy Cumulative Demand Quadrant Energy Primary Continuous Continuous 0000000079 0000001683 CT Poling HANNOVER MESSE Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 7 8 E I amp V Squared T Positive Readings for Phases A B Ce MATA KOH and C Squared T Y Squared T A 0000000000000088 000000001 31 45299 B 0000000000000730 000000001 3154752 C 0000000000000060 000000001 31 45170 mm Polling HANNOVER MESSE Energy EN Q Hours 18 Squared T Cumulative Demand Quadrant Energy Primary Uncompensated Energy Hours Primary Secondary Qh 0000000000002402 N 0000000000002402 Qh __0000000000035387 0000000000035387 Plus and Minus Readings in Secondary and Primary C Polling HANNOVER MESSE 5 Uncompensated Energy Energy Pulses and Accumulations in the Interval PlusandMinas Wate VAR and Pr howtames KZPuse0apw Puls Acoumda ons on Uncempensated Energy Oe VA Readings in Secondary and Primary Primary Secondary 2 9000000194 00031 wh ooo000 000 4 00000 VARh 000001 387k 00002 ARM
107. ntity A stored representation of the time of an event Time Stamp can include year month day hour minute and second and Daylight Savings Time indication Time of Use VA Watt and VAR readings not adjusted by Transformer Loss Compensation Data will stop accumulating when voltage falls below programmed level The ratio of the voltage on a phase to the average voltage on all phases An instance of abnormal voltage on a phase The events the meter will track include sags swells interruptions and imbalances The Voltage Transformer Ratio is used to scale the value of the voltage to the primary side of an instrument transformer Also referred to as PT Ratio Vab Vbc Vca are all Phase to Phase voltage measurements These voltages are measured between the three phase voltage inputs to the meter Van Vbn Vcn are all Phase to Neutral voltages applied to the monitor These voltages are measured between the phase voltage inputs and Vn input to the meter Technologically these voltages can be measured even when the meter is in a Delta configuration and there is no connection to the Vn input However in this configuration these voltages have limited meaning and are typically not reported This is the fourth voltage input measured from between the Vaux and Vref inputs This input can be scaled to any value However the actual input voltage to the meter should be of the same magnitude as the voltages applied to the
108. o view a detailed graph of one Item double click on the desired Item e To view details for this waveform click on the Waveform Details On button The following screen appears Feeder 1 Waveform 5 11 03 2000 3 46 42 914 PM Hrmonic 40 20 28 Waveform la S ag 1b S ag Ic Sag laux Sag Milliseconds Harmonics Ic e To return to the previous graph click Back or click Waveform Details Off e To Zoom In on a portion of the graph draw a box around the desired area by dragging the mouse and holding down the left button Release the mouse button to active the zoom e To Zoom Out on a portion of the graph click the Zoom Out button to decrease the resolution G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 21 5 10 1 Interharmonic Analysis M A new feature has been added to the Log Viewer program for Interharmonic Analysis It is available for PDA 1252 type devices on Voltage Va Vs Vc and Current channels Ia Is Ic Jaux IEC 1000 2 1 1 defines Interharmonics as follows Between the harmonics of the power frequency voltage and current further frequencies can be observed which are not an integer multiple of the fundamental They can appear as discrete frequencies or as a wide band spectrum To perform the analysis there must be a waveform record or records with 200ms duration Fora 50Hz system the waveform is 10 cycles for a 60Hz system the waveform is 12 cycles By default the starting point
109. oftware retrieves all Programmable Settings 2 A WARNING screen appears Check items you do not want changed during the update E Network Settings 3 Click Continue or Cancel If you click Continue Check the item s that you do not want the software Flashes the new settings s modified in the device when the device receives the new device profile NW Logs and Data will be LOST if you have not saved them Your PDA 1252 is now configured for your application m Communicator EXT Buttons LOAD Load a previously saved Device Profile to the PDA 1252 Click Load and locate saved file REPORT Provides a detailed REPORT of the currently programmed Device Profile for the connected device EXIT Device Profile Editor A window asks Are you sure you want to exit YES return to the Communicator EXT Main screen Click Disconnect Icon to disconnect from PC Click the Close box in the corner of the screen to exit Communicato EXT NOTE See section 4 5 to RESET THE PDA 1252 after the Device Profile is updated NOTE For FLICKER settings and details see Chapter 8 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc 4 E148701 V1 02 4 11 4 5 Reset the PDA 1252 NW After the Device Profile has been updated the readings and logs should be reset 1 From the Communicator EXT menu bar select Tools Reset Nexus Information The following set of screens appears Reset Nexus Parameters 2 Click in the tabs to navigate betw
110. olors e gt EM a CE p p bojem 7 jm Moje o E 22 La nou 22 SCT EE G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Overla Group Line Point PointSize Smal HH Y E Y E Y Q Y RKKK Thin Solid O Thin Solid O Thin Solic Thin Solid E Thin Solid D Thin Solid O Thin Solid ee Solid O Thin Solid Thin Solid 1 Thin Solid in solia 1 Thin Solid BE Thin Solid 1 Thin Solid Cancel em Line Types tem Point Types Plus Cross Circle Solid Circle Square solid Square Diamond solid Diamond Upward Triangle solid Upward Triangle Downwared Triangle Solid Downward Triangle Dash Pixel Plus Configurable options include 1 Start Up Mode Classic Overlay or Overlay group 2 Overlay Mode Overlay or Group 3 Plotting Method Line Point or Line and Point Line and Point is slower than the other two options 4 Colors Background Foreground Subsets User can reverse the colors 5 Point Sizes for Each Subset Small Medium Large or Micro 6 Line Types for Each Subset Pull down menu offers Dashed Dot Dash Dot Dash Dot Dot Medium Solid Thick Solid Medium Thin Solid Medium Thick Solid Extra Thick Solid 7 Item Point Types for Each Subset Pull down menu offers Plus Cross Solid Circle Square Solid Square Diamond Solid Diamond Upward Triangle Solid Upward Triangle Downward Triangle Solid Downward Triangle Dash or Pixel e To include the Iaux in the graph
111. on establishes a well disciplined measurement method for harmonics which utilizes 10 50Hz systems or 12 cycle 60Hz systems sample windows upon which to perform the Fourier transform The result is a spectrum with 5Hz resolution for both 50Hz and 60Hz systems The standard further defines ways of combining individual 5 Hz bins to produce various groupings and components for referenced limits and guidelines The IEC Measurement Method defines interharmonic groups These indices are the RMS values of the interharmonic components between adjacent harmonic components The frequency bins directly adjacent to the harmonic bins are omitted This relationship is defined by the following equation SOHz systems 8 2 Y 2 Xim La Xionsi i 2 10 2 2 X gt Dons 60Hz systems G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 24 5 11 Viewing the Power Quality Log NW From Log Viewer s main screen click on the PQ button or View Data Power Quality Log Viewer will display power quality information for the selected log file s based on the time range specified in the Select Time Range section of its main screen see section 5 4 EE EIG Log Viewer QA Data Type Power Quality Log Time Range 5 12 2005 11 59 59 PM to 5 2 2005 11 37 29 227 AM E Show Waveforms E Show PA Wareform Settings of Full Scale Wavetcsl 15 12 2005 2930587 AM PDA 1252 54 EME Inn 5 2 2005 8 29 30 567 AM PDA 1252 54 EQ 5 12 2005 8 29 30 567 AM
112. or click on the Log Status icon on the tool bar The Log Statistics screen appears Nexus Log Statistics Logging Statistics Memory Used Newest Record Time Oldest Record Time Historical Log 1 4 0 07 18 2005 12000001 07 18 2005 11 41 12 60 64 4096 NNN V NN 173 2005 12100002 07 18 2005 11 41 1260 16 25600 512 TT PON 07 10 2005 12143223 07 18 2005 12043228 32 MZ 512 ME 07 18 2005 12145223 07 18 2005 12 04 32 28 128 i 0 E o 0 E EF n 0 TT o n TRA A o 07 10 2005 12140087 ore eus 153 J o AA ag oo 07 16 2005 11500808 v2rzajzoos E o 0 Oooo T l I 0 128 512 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 3 5 3 Retrieving Logs E To retrieve logs from the device and convert them for viewing and analysis 1 Click on the Retrieve Logs button or select Logs Retrieve Log s from Device The following screen appears Select Logis to be Retrieved from Nexus Meter Designation SES Rie Log Type Historical Log 1 Available Historical Log Available Limits Available Digital Inputs Available Digital Outputs Available Flicker Available Waveform PG Available Double click on Retieve held to toggle Yeso 2 Double click on the logs you would like to retrieve from the PDA 1252 The No in the Retrieve column will become a Yes double click again to change the Yes back to a No Communicator EXT will only retrieve those logs with a Yes in the Retrieve co
113. orm 6 5 11 2005 4 26 15 084 PM 133 ms ze Selecien indus N A Current Waveform Items Selected Waveform Items DateTime Device tem Type Di BL 5111 2005 4 26 15 084PM PDA125254 Vab Complete Original Waveform Property nu RE B E EEE HSI Input 4 HSI Input 5 HSI Input 6 HSI Input HSI Input 8 e The user can select a complete or partial waveform from multiple devices different channels and different times for a single graph Up to six sets of waveforms can be graphed together e To select items for the Advance Waveform Setup 1 Use radio buttons to select the Entire Capture or a Selected Window Selected Window is enabled if if a user set mark 1 and mark 2 for a given channel The waveform for that channel between those marks will be graphed in the overlaid advanced graph 2 To add to the Selected Waveform Items list from the Current Waveform Items indexed on the left of the screen click on an item and click on Add To remove an item from Selected Waveform Items click on the item and click Remove 4 To view the Original Waveform Property of a Selected Waveform Item click on one of the list items The Waveform Property for that item will appear U9 e To return to the main Waveform Graph click the Back button e To create an Advanced Waveform Graph click the Graph button This screen appears Waveforms ManualT rigger Waveform 17 11 8 2004 1 07 41 650 PH Waveform N A Options 88 54 ms
114. orque on the meter disk All three elements were arranged around the disk so that the disk was subjected to the combined torque of the three elements As a result the disk would turn at a higher speed and register power supplied by each of the three wires According to Blondel s Theorem it was possible to reduce the number of elements under certain conditions For example a three phase three wire delta system could be correctly measured with two elements two potential coils and two current coils if the potential coils were connected between the three phases with one phase in common In a three phase four wire wye system it is necessary to use three elements Three voltage coils are connected between the three phases and the common neutral conductor A current coil is required in each of the three phases In modern digital meters Blondel s Theorem is still applied to obtain proper metering The difference in modern meters is that the digital meter measures each phase voltage and current and calculates the single phase power for each phase The meter then sums the three phase powers to a Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 4 single three phase reading Some digital meters calculate the individual phase power values one phase at a time This means the meter samples the voltage and current on one phase and calculates a power value Then it samples the second phase and calculates the power for the second phase Finally
115. os FUCK DOG lt raue a ARRABAL Se A 5 32 SiS Ficker LoS Gap s se de bok s S n HR Al Ko SMe polku Be 5 32 LOS NOSE EOD a de ak oe SE Hs ah dE a os Ge eg ge es GAS Ee che 5 33 Chapter 6 Using 6 1 6 2 the LCD Touch Screen Display Chapter 7 Real Time Polling Tale Tiz 72 Lo 1225 7 3 73 123 2 Overview and Screen Descriptions lt lt lt lt lt 6 1 Navigational Map for LCD Touch Screen Display 6 9 SO G zad koa Se 5X A S Ku OG ab Eee Sa oe eee 7 1 R al Time Readings 2 4 jr 4 EA jl v RUN SE Ge RSE we 7 2 Instantaneous Polling 7 2 Poll Max and Min Readings 7 3 Poll Reading Grid lt 2 2h RAS Re Ten DR MU AT a 16 D 7 4 Revenue Energy and Demand Readings lt lt lt 7 5 PONO RE vs oir 6 Un Co A E nine ab a tu D Ble OE A 7 5 Demand ss e A a O E A ee ee ee 7 6 G Electro Industries baugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 VI O MEME ze se bk OG Se DI D De D din Do 7 8 7 3 4 Energy Pulse and Accumulations inthe Interval lt 7 10 7 3 5 Total Average Power Factor lt lt lt lt lt e 7 12 1306 Timo Of Use REsisters recan See LES AUS ER 8 FE atk OS 7 13 Chapter 8 EN 50160 Flicker Sil OVEIVICWS gt a RA we BO Eo BO ee ee eA 8 1 0 2 Theory ol Operation 2 4 4 4 4 B di k Lib a Re RES 8 1 6 9 SUD ws td AAA O
116. our clipboard right click anywhere in table e To view the Waveform Settings click on a waveform record and then click the Show Waveform Settings box on the left side of the screen e To adjust the column widths position the cursor between columns at the top of the screen When the cursor changes to a left right arrow hold down the left mouse button and drag the column border left or right Release the button when the column is at the desired width e To sort the data by record type in either ascending or descending order click on the Sort button and use the pull down menus to make your selection e To view the waveform graphs see the following section G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 16 5 10 Viewing Waveform Graphs MW To view any waveform in the main Waveform Log screen section 5 9 click on the desired record and then click the Graph button or double click on the desired record Waveforms Manual rigger Waveform 20 5 6 2005 1 07 42 050 PH Waveform MA Options HManualT rigger Waveform 20 5 8 2005 1 07 42 050 PH Waveform H A print graph e To change the Waveform Display Settings click the Options button in the upper left corner of the screen The Waveform Options screen will appear Wavelorm Display Settings Startup Display Mode Classic OverayMode PiotMode Foreground Color E zi Background Color METE Futura Freq Hz Overlay Select Jem C
117. ow clamp on CTs discussed in earlier sections of this chapter The diagrams also show Alligator Clips which are color coded for you Please note that the White Alligator Clip attaches to the YELLOW cable Figure 3 4 WYE Connection Figure 3 5 DELTA Connection Figure 3 6 Single Phase Connection G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 4 Attach Red to Red Black to Black CE Line Plug Switch 110 220 V Power VRef o Green I A B N GND LOAD Figure 3 4 Wye Connection 3 Element Direct Voltage G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 5 Attach Red to Red Black to Black Line Plug Ic Switch In 110 220 V Power LOAD Figure 3 5 Delta Connection 3 Element G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 3 6 LINE Attach Red to Red Black to Black Line Plug Switch L TH 110 220 V Power VRef o Y Green I A N GND LOAD Figure 3 6 Single Phase Connection G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 377 3 7 Circuit Analyzer Testing using Test Switches M Ifa Test Switch is available in the circuit the PDA 1252 5A can be configured to wire directly without using CTs 3 7 1 Connecting Voltage Leads MW The Voltage Leads should be clipped to the Test Switch of the Potential Transformer Note that you can only measure the Secondary Winding of the Potential Transformer DO NOT CONNECT TO THE PRIMARY When using this
118. portion to the temperature change providing a record of demand The pointer remains at peak level until a subsequent increase in demand moves it again or until it is manually reset The PDA 1252 mimics traditional meters to provide Thermal Demand readings Each second as a new power level is computed a recurrence relation formula is applied This formula recomputes the thermal demand by averaging a small portion of the new power value with a large portion of the previous thermal demand value The proportioning of new to previous is programmable set by an averaging interval The averaging interval represents a 90 change in thermal demand to a step change in power Block Fixed Window Demand This convention records the average arithmetic mean demand for consecutive time intervals usually 15 minutes Example A typical setting of 15 minutes produces an average value every 15 minutes at 12 00 12 15 12 30 etc for power reading over the previous fifteen minute interval 11 45 12 00 12 00 12 15 12 15 12 30 etc Rolling Sliding Window Demand Rolling Window Demand functions like multiple overlapping Block Window Demands The programmable settings provided are the number and length of demand subintervals At every subinterval an average arithmetic mean of power readings over the subinterval is internally calculated This new subinterval average is then averaged arithmetic mean with as many previous subinterval averages as pro
119. pproximate length of the observed window is shown in the last column For example For observed events of approximately 1 2 second a sampling rate of 32 samples should be used Effects of Sampling Rate Samples Cycles per per Time Approx Channel Channel 6 1 Second Analog Channels Er 1 2 Second 1 4 Second vase o ame 8 te secon re o Note on Waveform Event Captures A screen of data is one capture If you set Total Captures to 3 and you are recording at 16 samples per cycle you will record 16 Samples 3 x 647 192 cycles of recorded waveforms 128 Samples 3 K 8 24 cycles of recorded waveforms With the standard memory module you have a total of 64 total captures With the advanced memory module you have a total of 96 captures You can partition the memory in any fashion required for the specific application There is no limitation on the amount of cycles that can be recorded per event 5 To choose the total amount of captures click on the Total Captures pull down menu Select from 0 to 96 captures The higher the number the more information you will be stringing together 6 When all changes are entered click OK to return to the main Device Profile screen For these changes to take effect you must click on the Update Device button This sends the new profile to the PDA 1252 Analyzer Reset Logs Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc 4 E148701 V1 02 4 8 4 3 6 Trend Profile Settings 1
120. r screens appears Instant Thermal Block Rolling Predicted Watts 73 67k EG 73 51k 73 65k 73 63k VARS 4594 28 5139 51 5155 48 5137 09 5137 50 PF 0 998LAG 0 997 LAG NW Click on the tabs at the top of each screen to access other readings Examples of the additional screens follow TOTAL Above Themalper phase Uncompensated Multiphase Total and Taic i E Individual Phase Watts 73538 714 7013 C 71 74 Readings for Watts VARS 2500 78 382687 271780 4216 75 VARS VA and PF VA 73 68 71 608 70 18 71 88k PF 0 997 LAG 0 998 LAG 0 999 LEAD 0 998 LAG INSTANTANEOUS PER PHASE One second Per Phase Values and Multiphase Totals Total THERMAL PER Watts 73 57 71 534 7011k 71 73 PHASE VARS 514253 4240 74 PILES DE LEE Per Phase and Multiphase VA 73 75k 71 65k 70 174 71 85k Totals PF 0 997 LAG 0 997 LAG 0 998 LEAD 0 997 LAG Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 7 5 UNCOMPENSATED Theme ps phase Metered Values without Line and Loss Compensation and Multipliers Includes Interval and Rolling Demand Total B C Watts 73124 71 56k 7017 7174 VARS 533 449 251 305K VA 7336 71720 702 71 84 e Click Print to send a copy of the screen to a printer e Click OK to return to the main Communicator EXT screen 7 3 2 Demand MH To view Demand data for the currently connected PDA 1252 Ana
121. refresh screen go back to original screen e Max Min and Demand e Hour PT and V T Counters e All Logs e TOU for Current Session and Month SETTINGS LCD SCREEN SETTINGS Contrast Touch Up Down buttons to increase decrease settings Number 37 is optimum setting Backlight Off Delay number of seconds after use that backlight turns off Touch Up Down buttons to increase decrease settings E NEXUS LINK SETTINGS Nexus Address 000 255 Touch Up Down buttons to increase decrease settings Protocol selected Baud selected LOGGING STATISTICS 1 16 05 3 56 PM LOGIS RECORDS MEMORY USED llislorical Logi Hrad Histoncal Logz 3200 Limit Triggers 512 Limit Snapshots Si Csgital Input Digla pul Snape ols Digitel Output Snapshots Digla Gulpul Snapshots Flicker Waveform Triggers Wawetarm Samples PO CBEMA POLLING METER RESET COMMANDS MAX MIN AND DEMAND HOUR FT AND WT COUNTERS ALL LOGS CONTRAST BACKLIGHT OFF DELAY SEC 388 NEXUS LINK SETTINGS NEXUS ADDRESS UP 001 PROTOCOL MODEUS RTU BAUD 97600 POLLING Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 E NEXUS PORT SETTINGS Port 1 Baud and Protocol selected Port 2 Baud and Protocol selected PORT BAUD PROTOCOL Port 3 Baud and Protocol selected i 115200 Mopsus RTU Port 4 Baud and Protocol selected NEXUS PORT SETTINGS 2 57600 Moreus RTU 3 9600 MobBus RTU 57600 Mop
122. resents a constant load of one thousand watts one kilowatt for one hour Stated another way if the power delivered instantaneous watts is measured as 1 000 watts and the load was served for a one hour time interval then the load would have absorbed one kilowatt hour of energy A different load may have a constant power requirement of 4 000 watts If the load were served for one hour it would absorb four kWh If the load were served for 15 minutes it would absorb 1 4 of that total or one kWh MW Figure 1 7 shows a graph of power and the resulting energy that would be transmitted as a result of the illustrated power values For this illustration it is assumed that the power level is held constant for each minute when a measurement is taken Each bar in the graph will represent the power load for the one minute increment of time In real life the power value moves almost constantly MW The data from Figure 1 7 is reproduced in Table 2 to illustrate the calculation of energy Since the time increment of the measurement is one minute and since we specified that the load is constant over that minute we can convert the power reading to an equivalent consumed energy reading by multiplying the power reading times 1 60 converting the time base from minutes to hours E A le Ov et o E n 100 Time minutes gt Figure 1 7 Power Use Over Time G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 6 2 T088 ST TT Te TIE S Te T 38
123. rtable RS 232 Port plug one end of the power cable into 120 220V AC plug on face of meter The other end plugs into a wall socket 2 Select PLUG on the OPERATED BY TOUCHSCREEN DISPLAY Line Plug Switch a PDA 12 ADVANCED ELECTRICAL POWER QUALITY ANALYZER Electro ir dustrice Gaugetech Figure 4 2 PDA 1252 Label Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doc E148701 V1 02 4 1 NOTES The RS 232 standard limits the cable 3 Insert one end of an RS 232 straight cable into the meter s 9 pin female RS 232 port PDA 1252 Insert the opposite end into a port on a PC The PC must have Communicator EXT software installed in order to configure the PDA 1252 The supplied RS 232 cable is configured to work directly with an RS 232 to PC adapter ocr mE r o o Vin T 5 To length to 50 feet 15 2m The RS 232 Port is configured as Data Communications Equipment DCE To 110 220V AC Power 4 3 PDA 1252 Configuration Steps Figure 4 3 RS 232 Wiring The following is a short guide to using Communicator EXT You can view or download the comprehensive Instruction Manual on the supplied Communicator EXT CD or by visiting our website at www electroind com With the connections established as shown above you can communicate with the meter 4 3 1 Software Connection sam Fil Connection Real Time Fol Tools 1 0 Devices TOU Calendar Log Turn on the PDA 1252 by pushing the Line Plug Switch gt
124. rval typically falls between 50 and 70 kWh However during two intervals the energy rises sharply and peaks at 100 kWh in interval number 7 This peak of usage will result in setting a high demand reading For each interval shown the demand value would be four times the indicated energy reading So interval 1 would have an associated demand of 240 kWh hr Interval 7 will have a demand value of 400 kWh hr In the data shown this is the peak demand value and would be the number that would set the demand charge on the utility bill Kilowatt hours Intervals gt Figure 1 8 Energy Use and Demand NW As can be seen from this example it is important to recognize the relationships between power energy and demand in order to control loads effectively or to monitor use correctly 1 3 Reactive Energy and Power Factor MH The real power and energy measurements discussed in the previous section relate to the quantities that are most used in electrical systems But it is often not sufficient to only measure real power and energy Reactive power is a critical component of the total power picture because almost all real life applications have an impact on reactive power Reactive power and power factor concepts relate to both load and generation applications However this discussion will be limited to analysis of reactive power and power factor as they relate to loads To simplify the discussion generation will not be considered NW Real power and
125. rwise the button will be disabled M To view the AiReport From the EIG Log Viewer you must select a device database file for Device 1 and set a Time Range Click on the AiReports button and the report will be generated NW Once the detailed report is generated you can transmit it to a colleague modify the report with your favorite word processing software print it and or export the file using PDF format NW Reasons for Incomplete Analysis e AiReports for Communicator EXT analyzes the voltage waveform records in the device database file If the file does not contain any voltage waveform records AiReports will not run e AiReports will not perform a valid analysis on a waveform record if it was converted by the Log Converter program with a version of v1 0 11 June 26 2000 or older G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 28 5 15 PQDIF Converter MH The latest release of AiReports includes a new useful feature PQDIF Converter Power Quality Data Interchange Format PQDIF is a tagged compressible binary file format which offers a platform neutral flexible means of exchanging power quality data between instruments and data management and analysis software PQDIF is currently under adoption by EPRI as the standard file format for power quality data and under consideration by IEEE as its standard file format NW Using the PQDIF Export Feature with Log Viewer e System Requirements Installation of AiReports
126. s el RMS Je a NW Apparent Power VA Total For Wye VA VA VA VAc For Delta VA JW VAR E Power Factor PF For Wye x A B C T For Delta x T _ Wait PF VA G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 NW Phase Angles Z cos PF E 9 Total Harmonic Distortion THD For Wye X VAN VBN VCN LA Ip Ic For Delta x LA Ip Ic VAB gt VBC VCA 127 X RMS Y THD RMS X m K Factor x Ia Ip IC 127 X heRMS Y KFactor 5 Y RMS y h 1 E Watt hour Wh Wh y o t 3600 sonr E VAR hour VAR 2 VAR VARh VO 3600 sec hr G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 2 7 Demand Integrators Power utilities take into account both energy consumption and peak demand when billing customers Peak demand expressed in kilowatts kW is the highest level of demand recorded during a set period of time called the interval The PDA 1252 supports the following most popular conventions for averaging demand and peak demand Thermal Demand Block Window Demand Rolling Window Demand and Predictive Window Demand You may program and access all conventions concurrently with the built in Communicator EXT software see the Communicator EXT User Manual Thermal Demand Traditional analog watt hour Wh meters use heat sensitive elements to measure temperature rises produced by an increase in current flowing through the meter A pointer moves in pro
127. s the time when Flicker was started or reset A Reset of Flicker causes the Max Min values to be cleared and restarts the Flicker Pst and Plt timers A Start of Flicker 1s also equivalent to a Reset in that the PST and PLT are restarted and the Max Min Values are cleared Stop corresponds to the time when Flicker is turned off Current is the current clock time Next Pst is the countdown time to when the next Pst value is available Next Plt is the countdown time to when the next Plt value is available Status Indicates the current status Active On Stopped Off Frequency Base is the current operating frequency selected by the user 50 or 60 Hz Current is the real time frequency measurement of the applied voltage Base Voltage is the normalized voltage for the selected frequency 230 V for 50 Hz or 120 V for 60 Hz Flicker Monitoring Clicking on Stop causes Flicker to stop being processed and freezes all the current values Stop Time is recorded and clears the current Max Min Values Clicking on Start starts Flicker processing Start Time is recorded Clicking on Reset causes the Max Min values to be cleared and restarts the Flicker Pst and Plt timers Click OK to exit the Flicker screen Click Help for more information on this topic Instantaneous Readings Refer to the Instantaneous section of the Main screen above If you are on the Short or Long Term screens click on the Instantaneous tab to display the Instantaneous scr
128. screens Squared T Phase A Demand Integration Intervals Chapter 4 Primary Current amp Voltage Thresholds Y Squared T Phase E Interval in minutes 15 Initial setting I amp V Squared T is shown on this page ED Polling HANNOVER MESSE G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 u 0000000000 0000000021 Squared T Phase B Squared T Phase E Y Squared T Phase A Y Squared T Phase E D000000000 VARh 0000000000 VAh Wh 0000000000 Del Wh 0000000010 VAh 0000000021 A 0000000078 Wh 0000000011 Wh 0000000000 VARh D000000000 VAh 0000000000 Del Wh 0000000010 VAh 0000000020 YARh 000000001 Wh 0000000011 07 07 2004 14 45 00 0 Interval 15 min Energy Pulses and Accumulations in the Interval KZ Pulse Output Pulse Accumulations 0000000000 0000000000 0000000000 0000003638 0000003699 0000003699 0770772004 14 45 00 02 Interzal 15 min NW Uncompensated Energy Readings that are NOT adjusted by Transformer Loss Compensation E Q Hours Q is the quantity obtained by lagging the applied voltage to a wattmeter by 60 degrees Energy Pulses and Accumulations in the Interval Energy Pulses and Accumulations in the Interval KZ Pulse Output Pulse Accumulations KYZ Pulse Output Pulse Accumulations Primary Secondary Primary Secondary wh 000000073 CL 00031 Qh 0000000000 00000 wh ooo000 000 m C ooo00 ah C o
129. sible to conclusively determine the correct circuit connection simply by counting the wires in the service or checking voltages Checking the transformer connection will provide conclusive evidence of the circuit connection and the relationships between the phase voltages and ground 1 1 1 Wye Connection M The wye connection is so called because when you look at the phase relationships and the winding relationships between the phases it looks like a wye Y Figure 1 1 depicts the winding relationships for a wye connected service In a wye service the neutral or center point of the wye is typically grounded This leads to common voltages of 208 120 and 480 277 where the first number represents the phase to phase voltage and the second number represents the phase to ground voltage Phase B N D Phase A Figure 1 1 Three Phase Wye Winding IE The three voltages are separated by 120 electrically Under balanced load conditions with unity power factor the currents are also separated by 120 However unbalanced loads and other conditions can cause the currents to depart from the ideal 120 separation Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Tad Three phase voltages and currents are usually represented with a phasor diagram A phasor diagram for the typical connected voltages and currents is shown in Figure 1 2 Fig 1 2 Phasor Diagram Showing Three phase Voltages and Currents E The phasor diagram sho
130. sion of Blondell s Theorem that we only need to measure the power in three of the four wires 1f they are connected by a common node In the circuit of Figure 1 6 we must measure the power flow in three wires This will require three voltage coils and three current coils a three element meter Similar figures and conclusions could be reached for other circuit configurations involving delta connected loads G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 5 1 2 Power Energy and Demand W Itis quite common to exchange power energy and demand without differentiating between the three Because this practice can lead to confusion the differences between these three measurements will be discussed NW Power is an instantaneous reading The power reading provided by a meter is the present flow of watts Power is measured immediately just like current In many digital meters the power value is actually measured and calculated over a one second interval because it takes some amount of time to calculate the RMS values of voltage and current But this time interval is kept small to preserve the instantaneous nature of power NW Energy is always based on some time increment it is the integration of power over a defined time increment Energy is an important value because almost all electric bills are based in part on the amount of energy used NW Typically electrical energy is measured in units of kilowatt hours kWh A kilowatt hour rep
131. t a start date time 5112 2005 12 00 PM 12 00 PM e To select a range of hours days months or years only click the appropriate radio button and the counter menu beside it e To return to the main screen click OK The time range you selected is displayed above the button 5 After you have loaded the log file s selected data points and chosen a time range you may begin viewing the data The following sections detail the different viewing formats for each type of log G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 5 8 5 5 Viewing Historical Trends and Snapshots NW From Log Viewer s main screen click on the Historical Trends button or View Data Snapshots Log Viewer will display Snapshot Information for the selected log file s based on the time range and data points specified in the Select Data and Time Range windows of the main screen section 5 4 El EIG Log Viewer ID File Edit Select Data View Data Help snapshot Type All onapshots Time Range 5 13 2005 10 00 00 000 AM to 5 4 2005 3 17 09 930 PM Descending T up Date Time Record Type 1P134 Inst van IF 134 Inst n IP134 Inst cn Son Criteria 5 13 2006 10 00 00 000 AM 5 13 2006 9 5 05 000 Ab 6 13 2006 9 51 15 010 AM 6 13 2006 9 45 00 00 AM 5 13 2006 9 30 00 000 Aba 5 13 2006 9 15 00 010 AM 5 13 2006 9 00 00 000 Aba 6 13 2006 6 5 03 000 Ab 6 13 2006 6 51 13 000 AMM 5113 2005 6 45 00 000 Ab 5 13 2006 6 30 00 000 Ab 6 13 2006 6 15 00 00
132. te a waveform capture and or record a power quality event See Chapter 5 to view logs NW PQ and waveform thresholds are given as a percentage of the Full Scales of FS Set the Full Scales in the Limits and Waveform Full Scales section of the Device Profile section 4 3 3 Full Scales are based on the CT and PT ratios set in the CT PT Ratios Settings section 4 3 2 NW Before programming the PQ and Waveform Thresholds set the CT and PT ratios Then set the Limits and Waveform Full Scales Caution Changing the CT amp PT Ratios will Reset the meter and clear all Logs and Accumulations Note on Sampling Rate A higher sampling rate allows for transients to be monitored Generally users will set the meter to 128 samples per cycle for this purpose Lower sampling rates have advantages because they allow you to record more cycles of information per event screen Low sampling rates are better for long duration events like motor starts or substation faults The PDA 1252 enables users to tailor the recording for both these applications For more information on Sampling Rate see the graph later in this section 1 From the Device Profile screen double click on the PQ Thresholds Waveform Recording line the EXT Limits Waveform CBEMA Profile screen appears SEE Loue Bol Carto Device Profle Waveform CBEMA Profile Hookup Delta 3 CTs Waveform Above Setpoint Waveform Below Setpoint 0 00 IB 0 0
133. te with the utility system many problems originate with customer equipment Customer caused problems may manifest themselves inside the customer location or they may be transported by the utility system to another adjacent customer Often equipment that is sensitive to power quality problems may in fact also be the cause of the problem G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 1 13 G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 V1 02 Chapter 2 PDA 1252 Overview 2 1 The PDA 1252 System Electro Industries PDA 1252 is a portable power quality analyzer designed to measure and record power usage and quality The unit is ideal for load surveys monitoring transformer banks indoor and outdoor electrical monitoring and power quality analysis The unit is housed in its own watertight case and watertight connectors easily connect to voltage and current leads The unit includes Communicator EXT software with which the user can configure settings The unit also includes a Backlit LCD Touch Screen display so that analysis screens can be viewed onsite An RS 232 Port facilitates data downloads Watertight Carrying Case LCD Touch Screen Graphical Display PDA 1252 Label RS 232 Port for Data Downloads Watertight Input Terminals Figure 2 1 The PDA 1252 Portable Analyzer Electro Industries Gauge Tech Doc 148701 V1 02 2 1 E PDA 1252 Power Quality Recording The PDA 1252 is a comprehensive Energy and Power Quality Analyzer
134. uses magnetization to operate requires VARs Usually the magnitude of VARs 1s relatively low compared to the real power quantities Utilities have an interest in maintaining VAR requirements at the customer to a low value in order to maximize the return on plant invested to deliver energy When lines are carrying VARs they cannot carry as many watts So keeping the VAR content low allows a line to carry its full capacity of watts In order to encourage customers to keep VAR requirements low most utilities impose a penalty if the VAR content of the load rises above a specified value A common method of measuring reactive power requirements is power factor Power factor can be defined in two different ways The more common method of calculating power factor is the ratio of the real power to the apparent power This relationship is expressed in the following formula Total PF real power apparent power watts VA This formula calculates a power factor quantity known as Total Power Factor It is called Total PF because it 1s based on the ratios of the power delivered The delivered power quantities will include the impacts of any existing harmonic content If the voltage or current includes high levels of harmonic distortion the power values will be affected By calculating power factor from the power values the power factor will include the impact of harmonic distortion In many cases this 1s the preferred method of calculation because the entire i
135. uthorization number is required For customer or technical assistance repair or calibration phone 516 334 0870 or fax 516 338 4741 Product Warranty Electro Industries GaugeTech warrants all products to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of four years from the date of shipment During the warranty period we will at our option either repair or replace any product that proves to be defective To exercise this warranty fax or call our technical support department You will receive prompt assistance and return instructions Send the instrument transportation prepaid to EIG at 1800 Shames Drive Westbury NY 11590 Repairs will be made and the instrument will be returned Limitation of Warranty This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from unauthorized modification misuse or use for any reason other than electrical power monitoring Nexus 1250 1252 is not a user serviceable product Our products are not to be used for Primary Over Current Protection Any protection feature in our products is to be used for Alarm or Secondary Protection only THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ELECTRO INDUSTRIES GAUGETECH SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING FROM ANY AUTHO RIZED OR UNAUTHORIZED USE OF ANY ELECTRO INDUSTRIES GAUGETECH PRODUCT LIABILITY SHALL B
136. value should be used The smoothed values are obtained using the following formulas P 1s P 7 P 1 P 1 5 3 P 3s P 2 2 P 3 P 4 3 P 10s P 6 P 8 P 10 P 13 P 17 5 P 50s P 30 P 50 P 80 3 The 3 second memory time constant in the flicker meter ensures that P 0 1 cannot change abruptly and no smoothing is needed for this percentile e Long Term Flicker Evaluation The 10 minute period on which the short term flicker severity is based is suitable for short duty cycle disturbances For flicker sources with long and variable duty cycles e g arc furnaces it is necessary to provide criteria for long term assessment For this purpose the long term Plt is derived from the short term values over an appropriate period By definition this is 12 short term values of 10 minutes each over a period of 2 hours The following formula is used Where Py 1 1 2 3 are consecutive readings of the short term severity Py E Summary Flicker Changes in the illumination of light sources due to cyclical voltage variations Pinst Instantaneous flicker values in Perceptibility Units PU Pst Value based on 10 minute analysis Plt Value based on 12 Pst values G Electro Industries GaugeTech Doc E148701 v1 02 8 2 Measurement Procedure 1 Original Signal with amplitude variations 2 Square demodulator 3 Weighted filter 4 Low pass filter 1 order 5 Statistical computing
137. ween devices An RS 232 connection connects only two points Distance between devices is typically limited to fairly short runs Current standards recommend a maximum of 50 feet but some users have had success with runs up to 100 feet Communications speed 1s typically in the range of 1200 bits per second to 57 600 bits per second A voltage quality event during which the RMS voltage is lower than normal for a period of time typically from 1 2 cycle to 1 minute GLOSSARY 4 Secondary Rated Serial Port Slave Device Swell THD Time Stamp TOU Uncompensated Power V T Threshold Voltage Imbalance Voltage Ouality Event VT Ratio Voltage Vab Voltage Van Voltage Vaux Any Register or pulse output that does not use any CT or VT Ratio The type of port used to directly interface with a PC In Modbus communication a Slave Device only receives a Request Packet from a Master Device and responds to the reguest A Slave Device cannot initiate communication A voltage quality event during which the RMS voltage is higher than normal for a period of time typically from 1 2 cycle to 1 minute Total Harmonic Distortion is the combined effect of all harmonics measured in a voltage or current The THD number is expressed as a percent of the fundamental For example a 3 THD indicates that the magnitude of all harmonic distortion measured equals 3 of the magnitude of the fundamental 60Hz qua
138. ws the 120 angular separation between the phase voltages The phase to phase voltage in a balanced three phase wye system is 1 732 times the phase to neutral voltage The center point of the wye is tied together and is typically grounded Table 1 1 shows the common voltages used in the United States for wye connected systems Phase to Ground Voltage Phase to Phase Voltage 120 volts 208 volts 277 volts 480 volts 2 400 volts 4 160 volts 7 200 volts 12 470 volts 7 620 volts 13 200 volts Table 1 1 Common Phase Voltages on Wye Services NW Usually a wye connected service will have four wires three wires for the phases and one for the neutral The three phase wires connect to the three phases as shown in Figure 1 1 The neutral wire is typically tied to the ground or center point of the wye refer to Figure 1 1 In many industrial applications the facility will be fed with a four wire wye service but only three wires will be run to individual loads The load is then often referred to as a delta connected load but the service to the facility is still a wye service it contains four wires if you trace the circuit back to its source usually a transformer In this type of connection the phase to ground voltage will be the phase to ground voltage indicated in Table 1 even though a neutral or ground wire is not physically present at the load The transformer is the best place to determine the circuit connection type because this is a location wh

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