Usage of the gradu3 document class for LATEX theses
Contents
1. ssesereereerreresrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrerre B Kalyasededaammss sessssosssssa Ss ISIS SASSTAS SASSI SSI S es ssss 1 Introduction The main text of a thesis always starts with an Introduction You can leave writing it to the final phase of writing the thesis It is a good idea to start the Introduction with the main thesis statement or research guestion of the thesis After that it is a good idea to clarify things by defining any necessary terms The introduction is also a good place to discuss why your thesis statement is scientifically or practically relevant and interesting Ideally it would be relevant and interesting from both the scientific and the practical point of view It would also be excellent if you explained in the introduction what your contribution is that is what such knowledge your thesis contains that you have investigated personally instead of reading it from somewhere The contribution could well be that you have personally checked the truth of a claim you found in a book or article At the end of the Introduction it is customary to briefly explain the structure of the thesis what each chapter is about This sample discusses the documentclass gradu3 version 3 6 which assists you in writing a Bachelor s or a Master s thesis in the Department of Mathematical Information Technol ogy at the University of Jyv skyl If you have problems with it you can discuss them on the Tutkielma2. Some sources are edited collections of independent articles In that case you should gen erally cite a specific article in it eg Prechelt and Petre 2011 instead of the full collection Even then you should add both the collection and the cited article as their own records and use a crossref field in the article record to refer to the collection Collection making software editor Andy Oram and Greg Wilson title Making Software subtitle What Really Works and Why We Believe It publisher O Reilly year 2011 InCollection prechelt credibility author Lutz Prechelt and Marian Petre title Credibility or Why Should I Insist on Being Convinced crossref making software pages 17 34 Note that a collection has an editor instead of an author For more information about the structure of a bibliography databasem see the BIBTEX manual Patashnik 1988 the BIBIATEX manual Lehman et al 2012 Section 2 and the BIBIATEX Chicago manual Fussner 2012 Sections 5 1 5 2 There are also more examples in the source code of this document 3 3 The bibliography The bibliography database is converted into the bibliography by using the utility program biber It is fairly new and is often missing from machines whose T X installation is not up 2 It is permissible to combine the article and the collection into one InCollection record for example if one
3. bachelor option Table 1 Commands for declaring metadata 13 5 Conclusion The last chapter of a thesis is the Conclusion some authors use Conculsions instead Keep it short and discuss what one can conclude about the thesis statement or research guestion given in the Introduction in light of all that has been written in the thesis The Conclusion is also the place to discuss any limitations and weaknesses of the thesis especially those that cast doubt on the reliabliity of the results given in the thesis if they have not been already discussed for example in a Discussion chapter It is also customary to state what further research might be beneficial in light of this thesis If the Conclusion threatens to become too long it is a good idea to split the interpretation of the results into its own chapter often called Discussion making Conclusion short and sweet After Conclusion there is the bibliography indicated by the printbibliography command followed by appendices if any 14 Bibliography Aho Alfred V Monica S Lam Ravi Sethi and Jeffrey D Ullman 2007 Compilers Prin ciples Technigues amp Tools 2nd edition Boston Pearson Addison Wesley Debian Social Contract 2004 Visited on January 29 2013 http www debian org social contract en html Fussner David 2012 The biblatex chicago package Style files for biblatex Visited on January 29 2013 http mirror ctan org macro
4. A Moving from gradu2 to gradu3 Moving an incomplete thesis from gradu2 to gradu4 is not particularly difficult The first thing to do is to change gradu2 into gradu3 in the documentclass command Most of the options given to it must be removed as they are not supported A kandi option is changed into bachelor any english option is retained and so is utf8 latin1 or latin9 Table P lists the command name changes that are needed A dash indicates that there is no corresponding command Note especially the new commands gradu2 gradu3 maketitle supervisor acmccs aine subject copyrightowner fulltitle Vaitos department license linja studyline paikka setauthor author termlist thetermlist environment tyyppi type yhteystiedot contactinformation yliopisto university ysa Table 2 Command changes from gradu2 to gradu3 The most effort is likely needed to converting citations and the bibliography 17 B Rarely needed features In addition to features already mentioned gradu3 offers the following additional features e The standard options draft and final work e The option finnish works but is not needed as it is the default e You can change the University of the thesis by using the university command e You can change the Department of the thesis by using the department command e You can change the formal su
5. TeX mailing list http lists jyu fi mailman listinfo tutkielma tex You can also send comments suggestions for improvement and bug reports directly to me I will here assume that you know the basics of using the IATRX system The original IATEX book Lamport 1994 is the official manual There are also a lot of books in English about using IATEX I have also written one in Finnish Kaijanaho A good English guide freely available on the Internet is The Not So Short Introduction to BIFX2g Oetiker et al 2011p Remember to read the IATfX source ode of this sample not just the typeset version eg PDF 1 Definitions after the thesis statement Also don t babble in the introduction 2 Many TEX and JATRX books use a cat figure in their cover The cover picture of my own book was rather abstract see Figure 1 Figure 1 The cover picture of my Finnish language ATEX guide Kaijanaho 2003 is here merely as an example of how to include a picture in a thesis Please note that the instructions given in this sample are by no means official Always follow your supervisor s instructions even if they conflict with what this sample says 2 The structure of the thesis There should be 5 9 numbered chapters in a thesis including Introduction and Conclusion If necessary you can use sections and subsections to give the thesis a more fine grained structure The chapters that lie between Introduction and Conclusion are some
6. cites only one article in the collection In that case the title of the collection goes in a booktitle field and no crossref field is used to date Of the ssh accessible Linux servers of the University only charra it jyu fi has it at this time It is installable in Ubuntu since version 12 10 Ouantal Ouetzal and in Debian since version 7 Wheezy For Windows use the 32 bit MikTEX package miktex biber bin On the command line biber is simple to use Once IATRX or pdfl4TfX has been run once invoke biber with the document name without the tex part as its argument After that run TRX or pdfI4IRX at least once until the latest run does not request another run For example S pdflatex malliopas Package biblatex Warning Please re run Biber on the file biblatex malliopas biblatex and rerun LaTeX afterwards Output written on malliopas pdf 18 pages 96855 bytes Transcript written on malliopas log biber malliopas INFO This is Biber 0 9 9 1 50 INFO Output to malliopas bbl pdflatex malliopas LaTeX Warning Label s may have changed Rerun to get cross references right Output written on malliopas pdf 21 pages 107373 bytes Transcript written on malliopas log pdflatex malliopas Output written on malliopas pdf 21 pages 107509 bytes Transcript written on malliopas log 3 Last I looked there was no 64 bit package of biber for MikTEX 10 3 4
7. lyhyt esitys jossa kerrotaan tutkielman taustoista tavoitteesta tutkimusmenetelmist saavutetuista tuloksista tulosten tulkinnasta ja johtop t k sist Tiivistelm n tulee olla niin lyhyt ett se englanninkielinen abstrakti ja muut metatiedot mahtuvat kaikki samalle sivulle Sen tulee kertoa t sm lleen samat asiat kuin englannikielinen abstrakti Avainsanat I4TEX gradu3 pro gradu tutkielmat kandidaatintutkielmat k ytt ohje Preface This is where you can write a preface for your thesis Most theses don t have prefaces but if you write one keep it short at least one page The preface should discuss more the thesis process than the content of the thesis For exam ple if there is something out of the ordinary in your choice of a thesis topic or if something out of the ordinary happened during its prepararion the preface is where you could write about it It is also customary in a preface to thank by name those persons who helped you with your thesis at least your supervisor your spouse and your children if any Your family likely will have helped you by encouraging and supporting you The preface is typically in the first person T It is also common to sign it Jyv skyl November 13 2014 The Author ii Glossary TEX IATEX A batch oriented typesetting system written by Donald Knuth in 1977 1989 see Knuth 1986 A system built on top of TX Knuth 11986 for typesetting structured
8. to end the command in a relax so that no surprises ensue parencites see Section 3 7 biblatex manual regarding citations in general see also Section 5 3 2 biblatex chicago manual relax If you break the command into multiple lines use the comment sign to end each line to prevent spurious spaces 3 2 The bibliography database You should add all the sources you want to cite in a separate bibliography database written on the BIBTEX format You can use many bibliographical tools in creating and maintaining it but it is perfectly possible to write it by hand The name of your bibliography database must be given as an argument to the addbibresource command The database in BIBTEX format is a text file following special formatting rules It consists of records each of which starts with an sign which is then followed by the type of the record The rest of the record goes inside curly braces For example the compilers book cited earlier Aho et al 2007 can be represented as the following record Book aho compilers author Alfred V Aho and Monica S Lam and Ravi Sethi and Jeffrey D Ullman title Compilers subtitle Principles Techniques amp Tools publisher Pearson Addison Wesley year 2007 address Boston edition 2 The type of this record is book The first word inside the curly braces is the citation key which is used in the textcite and pare
9. Antti Juhani Kaijanaho Usage of the gradu3 document class for BTgX theses Template and manual for a thesis document class in Information Technology November 13 2014 University of Jyv skyl Department of Mathematical Information Technology Author Antti Juhani Kaijanaho Contact information Ag C416 1 antti juhani kaijanaho jyu fi Supervisor Unsupervised work Title Usage of the gradu3 document class for IATEX theses Ty n nimi I4IEX tutkielmapohjan gradu3 k ytt Project Template and manual for a thesis document class Study line All study lines Page count 22 2 Abstract This document is a sample gradu3 thesis document class document It also func tions as a user manual and supplies guidelines for structuring a thesis document The abstact is typically short and discusses the background the aims the research methods the obtained results the interpretation of the results and the conculsions of the thesis It should be so short that it the Finnish translation and all other meta information fit on the same page The Finnish tiivistelm of a thesis should usually say exactly the same things as the abstract Keywords I4TEX gradu3 Master s Theses Bachelor s Theses user s guide Suomenkielinen tiivistelm T m kirjoitelma on esimerkki siit kuinka gradu3 tutkielmapohjaa k ytet n Se sis lt my s k ytt ohjeet ja tutkielman rakennetta koskevia ohjeita Tutkielman tiivistelm on tyypillisesti
10. Known problems The BIBIATEX version 2 6 released April 30 2013 has a bug causing the following error message Runaway argument bibliography Kirjallisuusluettelo Kirjallisuus references ETC Paragraph ended before DeclareBibliographyStrings was complete This bug was fixed in the following version 2 7 released July 7 2013 If upgrading is not an option there is a simple fix Look in the file biblatex 1lbx finnish 1bx for the line editorsan toimittaneet ja selityksin varustaneet FIXME unsure Edit the line to look like this editorsan toimittaneet ja selityksin varustaneet FIXME unsure Replace the comma with a closing curly brace 11 4 Special properties of the document class Generally gradu3 behaves like the report document class that is shipped with IATEX There are however some differences e You do not need to load the packages inputenc fontenc and babel You must indicate the character set you are using by giving it as an option to the documentclass command Nowadays utf8 is generally a good choice although some situations may require using latin or latin9 If your thesis is written in English indicate this using the option english to the documentclass command The default is Finnish e If you are writing a Bachelor s Thesis use the option bachelor to the documentclass command e Specify the metadata of your thesis using the comma
11. ain theorem e In aconstructive thesis it is usually a computer program or other artefact that you have made yourself e In an empirical thesis it is a set of empirical results obtained by applying a empirical research method You should present your contribution with precision giving reasons for the choices you have made You should follow the best practices of the research tradition you are using 3 Using the literature The theoretical part is almost always based solely on the literature When discussing your contribution you may also need to cite the literature Remember to avoid plagiarism If you copy either verbatim or with slight changes or example in your own translation text from some source make it clear to the reader Mark your guotes using guotation marks or some other clear manner and give a precise citation If you do not guote verbatim mark any changes you have made In most situations however it is better to use your own words based on more than one source Even then give clear citations The gradu3 document class automatically uses the BIBIATEX system Lehman et al and it Chicago style Fussner 2012 You can switch off this automation by using the documentclass option manualbib but that means you have to take care of the bibliogra phy yourself and the technigues discussed here may not be available Please note that the Department recommends using a Chicago style for your bibliography 3 1 Citat
12. bject of the thesis by using the subject command In English theses the subject should be prefixed by in for example in Information Technology in Finnish theses use a capital initial letter and the genitive form Ti etotekniikan e You can change the type of the thesis by using the type command e You can set the date of the thesis by using the setdate command Give it three param eters day of month month and year in numerical form e The chapterquote environment can be used to give an epigraph to a chapter There is one mandatory parameter the attribution of the epigraph e The command graduclsdate prints the release date of the current version of gradu3 and the command graduclsversion prints its version number 18
13. documents see Lamport 1994 Its current version is ATEX 2e iii List of Figures Figure 1 The cover picture of my Finnish language IATRX guide Kaijanaho 2003 List of Tables Table 1 Commands for declaring metadata cccccccicccssiancsdvedasevesedasevdvedatecceeees Table 2 Command changes from gradu2 to gradu3 ssssserserrerrsrerrrererrrrrereres iv Contents 1 INTRODUCTION acaicacenace castinabatangtnsauaeatinngngoptenen ETSII A EIEEE Sonata 2 THE STRUCTURE OF THE THESIS cissscavavasaxananansxanavawexanaxaexaveven aves 2A The theoretical Patt acc cccciaseveuenasesdudsanineudeand k akkaa EAA akame 2 2 Afterthe theory vex dun davacan ands aan Ka KONA cen auds AU KA KONA AAKE EEEE EELEE 3 USING THE LIEBKSTURBauhsssatsat mst ss Sst tvt m t st yt sv myt sst np tete SA MAMANOUS etenen rA E E N E E E E E EN A anokasta s 3 2 The bibliography database ncscccictcsedcsescseeemetosedemeciesesebosedesesesenees 33 TOSBIDIOSTAPNN 5s oxescsieve tone come Roseanne A E E EE ER RA SA Known problemS 3osasssesos ssaaoa ssa a vy t sa t vy s a my s a mp satn 4 SPECIAL PROPERTIES OF THE DOCUMENT CLASS cc 5 CONCLUSION erden rnern EEA o Kono vata vat mm sap Ens OTTO E N NA BIBLIOGRAPHY seadeetretendeeresen d date desndeerenen dete Janni aeiousn ieS APPENDICES sasassst sv styt ssasstm st ssv v est KATIE A PARTAS EEIEIEE EEE TRE A Moving from gradu2 to gradu3
14. ions You can cite sources in two ways First you can use the citation as a noun Aho et al Chapter 8 8 4 briefly discuss the use of graph coloring in the register allocation phase of a compiler In this case use the textcite command Second you can use a citation as a parenthetical which is not read aloud Graph coloring is one possibile way to allocate registers Aho et al 2007 Chapter 8 8 4 Use the parencite command for this Both commands textcite and parencite take three parameters two of which are optional The first optional parameter is a pre note the second optional parameter is a post note and the third mandatory parameter is the citation key see Lehman et al 2012 Section 3 7 The citation in the preceding sentence was made using the following command parencite see Section 3 7 biblatex manual If you give these commands just one optional argument that is one enclosed in sguare brackets it will be interpreted as a post note If you want to give only a pre note leave the post note empty see Lehman et al 2012 parencite see biblatex manual It is also possible to cite multiple sources in the same citation see Lehman et al Section 3 7 regarding citations in general see also Fussner 2012 Section 5 3 2 Use the command parencites for this For each citation give it the same parameters as you would give a single parencite command It is good practice but often not necessary
15. ncite commands It is followed by a comma and a set of named fields like author title subtitle and publisher The content of the field is written inside curly braces although numerical data can be written without them The names of the authors are written mainly in the conventional way An alternative is to invert it giving the surname first followed by a comma and the first name Aho Alfred V and in some special cases this is mandatory If there are multiple authors their names must be separated by an and If you do not list all authors put and others after the last listed name If the author of some source is an organization its name must be written within another set of curly braces eg Unicode Consortium 2012 Book unicode620 author Unicode Consortium title The Unicode Standard Version 6 2 0 year 2012 url http www unicode org versions Unicode6 2 0 urldate 2013 01 29 If a source for some reson has no named author leave the author field out ntirely In that case the citation uses the source s title eg O 201 1 Book presidential novel title O 1 For example if the author has a double surname without a hyphen separating them as one example the name of Simon Peyton Jones should be written in the database as Peyton Jones Simon 7 subtitle A Presidential Novel publisher Simon amp Sch
16. nds given in Table 1 They must be given before the maketitle command e If you want you can write a preface after the maketitle command Use the preface to start it e After the preface if any you may write a list of terms by using the thetermlist envi ronment Inside it you can use the Vitem term command to indicate which term you are defining e After maketitle preface if any and term list if any use the mainmatter command It will automatically generate the tables of contents figures and tables that are needful e The commands subsubsection paragraph ja subparagraph are not supported e Appendices are not chapters they are sections e The peceding chapter discussed how to cite sources and geneate a bibliography 12 Command title translatedtitle studyline tiivistelma abstract avainsanat keywords author contactinformation supervisor Meaning The title of the thesis do not use the thanks com mand The Finnish title of an English language thesis the English title of a Finnish language thesis Study line optional if using the bachelor option Abstract in Finnish Abstract in English Keywords in Finnish Keywords in English Author s name if multiple authors give each their own command the and command is not supported The contact information of the author The supervisor of the thesis if multiple supervisor give each their own command optional if using the
17. s latex contrib biblatex doc biblatex pdf Kaijanaho Antti Juhani 2003 BIX ja AN4S BIFX Opus asiatekstin ladonnasta 2nd edi tion K ytt j n opas 43 Jyv skyl n yliopiston ATK keskus Knuth Donald E 1986 The TrXbook Reading MA Addison Wesley Lamport Leslie 1994 BTEX A Document Preparation System 2nd edition Reading MA Addison Wesley Lehman Philipp et al 2012 The biblatex Package Programmable Bibliographies and Ci tations Visited on January 29 2013 http mirror ctan org macros latex contrib biblatex doc biblatex pdf O A Presidential Novel 2011 Simon amp Schuster Oetiker Tobias et al 2011 The Not So Short Introduction to BIEX2g Or BIEX 2e in 157 minutes Visited on February 28 2014 http www ctan org tex archive info lshort english Patashnik Oren 1988 BIBTgXing Visited on January 29 2013 ctan org biblio bibtex base btxdoc pdf Prechelt Lutz and Marian Petre 2011 Credibility or Why Should I Insist on Being Con vinced In Making Software What Really Works and Why We Believe It edited by Andy Oram and Greg Wilson 17 34 O Reilly Strachey Christopher 2000 Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages Higher Order and Symbolic Computation 13 1 2 11 49 doi 10 1023 A 1010000313106 Unicode Consortium 2012 The Unicode Standard Version 6 2 0 Visited on January 29 2013 http www unicode org versions Unicode6 2 0 16 Appendices
18. times collectively called the body of the thesis It is often said to start with a theoretical part which is then followed either a main theorem a constructive part or a empirical part 2 1 The theoretical part The goal of the theoretical part of a thesis is to develop the theoretical background reguired in the thesis The idea is that a reader of the thesis should based on just the thesis itself be able to understand all the special concepts and methods used in the thesis A good thesis also gives well argued reasons for why exactly these concepts and methods are in use in the thesis with the main alternatives given in the literature mentioned The best way to present and use the theoretical bakcground depends on what the thesis is like The theoretical part of a mathematico theoretical work differs considerably fron the theoretical part of a constructive software development work guite different from both is the theoretical part of a guantitative or gualitative empirical study that is based on the traditions of the behavioral or the social sciences Reading other theses of the same type as well as similar published research reports will give you a good impression of what is reguired of your own thesis 2 2 After the theory The theoretical part is followed by your contribution e In a mathematico theoretical thesis it is usually a sequence of definitions and lemmas of your own devising which then culminate in the proof of your m
19. uster year 2011 A journal article eg Strachey 2000 is given a record like the following GArticle strachey fundamentals author Christopher Strachey title Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages journal Higher Order and Symbolic Computation year 2000 volume 13 number 1 2 pages 11 49 doi 10 1023 A 1010000313106 Note especially the field doi in which you can write the Digital Object Idenifier DOL of the article It is usually a better choice than any URL as the DOI is a permanent identifier for the article Most DOIs are also convertible to URLs by prepending nttp dx doi org If the DOI of an online source is not known or there is none at all you can use the url field In that case you should also give the date on which you read the source in the field urldate using the international standard format Y Y Y Y MM DD You should choose the address with great care so that it is as precise as possible and remains valid as long as possible If the page has a specially indicated permanent link or permalink use it When citing a WWW page that is not a book or an article or any other formal publication you can use the online record type eg Debian Social Contract 2004 Online debian social contract title Debian Social Contract year 2004 url http www debian org social_contract en html urldate 2013 01 29
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