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1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder

1. 124 Editing and Deleting Horizons 126 Viewing Structural Zones 127 9 Property Modeling 129 Defining a New Property Zone 130 Editing Property Zones 135 Property Zone Settings 136 Deleting a Property Zone 136 10 Simulation Model Domain 139 Creating the Simulation Model Domain 139 11 Boundary Modeling 141 Boundary Conditions Overview 142 Pumping Well 142 Specified Hea
2. 7 Hydro GeoBuilder User Interface 10 Main Window 10 Viewer Types 11 Selecting Data Objects 12 Hydro GeoBuilder On Line Help 12 2 Project Management 15 Creating a New Project 15 Modifying Project Settings 18 Saving a Project 21 Opening a Project 21 3 Importing Data 23 Importing Points
3. Polygon COND DX DY K UCTOCOND RBTHICK 154 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling 11 1 9 Specified Flux For finite difference models Hydro GeoBuilder supports the Specified Flux FHB1 package for MODFLOW After translation the specified flux input data for MODFLOW is stored in the projectname FHB file Currently translation of this boundary condition is not supported for finite element models The Specified Flux boundary condition allows you to specify flow as a function of time at selected model cells FHB1 is an alternative and or supplement to the recharge RCH package for simulating specified flow boundary conditions The main differences between the FHB1 package and the recharge package are as follows FHB1 package can simulate specified flux on the top side bottom or intermediate layers in the simulation domain whereas the recharge package can only be applied to the top and intermediate layers FHB1 package allows you to specify a starting flux and an ending flux for each stress period if transient The package then uses linear interpolation to compute values of flow at each model time step For more information on the Specified Flow FHB1 package please refer to Documentation of a Computer Program FHB1 for Assignment of Transient Specified Flow and Specified Head Boundaries in Applications of
4. Classes There are two options for defining the number of classes to be used Number of Classes and Equal Intervals Number of Classes Specify the number of color classes in the text box Equal Intervals Specify an interval spacing and the number of classes will be determined from the range of the attribute data For example if your data rage is 100 and you specify a 10 interval spacing 10 classes will be created As the number of intervals classes is modified rows are automatically removed or added to the color table For the Elevation color scheme the maximum value will always be Red and the minimum value will always be Blue but the gradient between will change automatically depending on the specified number of classes Hydro GeoBuilder automatically calculates the intervals based on the defined specified number of classes or equal intervals However if desired you can manually edit the intervals in the grid under the Value column Once the settings have been defined click the Apply button to show the changes in an active 2D or 3D Viewer 4 4 2 Cross Sections The following section describes the available style settings for cross section data objects To access the style settings right click on the cross section data object in the Data Explorer and select Settings from the pop up menu Then in the Settings dialog expand the Style node to view the style settings 84 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties
5. Visualize data objects and conceptual model features using interactive 2D and 3D Viewers Use various screen configurations to display multiple 3D or 2D Viewers simultaneously e g cascade tile horizontally vertically Zoom rotate and move data within the viewer using your mouse Modify viewer settings including the background color and vertical exaggeration 3D Viewer only In 3D Viewers remove parts of the displayed data by creating cutaways along the X Y and Z axis In 2D Viewers select individual data object features points line shapes and then view the corresponding attribute data in spreadsheet view and vice versa Edit data object geometry in 2D Viewer Modify existing data objects by manually digitizing points polylines and polygons Rotate scale and delete shapes Undo all edits and revert back to original shape Define Multiple Conceptual Models Create multiple conceptual models with different interpretations or copy existing conceptual models Define conceptual model geometry using imported data objects Define the horizontal model boundary using an imported or digitized polygon data object Create vertical horizons from surfaces that are either imported or created by interpolating raw XYZ points Select from different horizon types to accommodate various geological conditions pinchouts discontinuous layers etc Automatically create 3D structural zones from defin
6. Horizontal Grid Refinement Grid Types Creating a Child Grid Creating a Finite Element Mesh Defining the Superelement Mesh Defining the Horizontal Mesh Settings Delaunay Triangulation Method L switch Polygon Refinement Defining Slice Elevations 12 1 Creating a Finite Difference Grid To create a numerical model grid follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model tree right click on the Simulation Domain node for which the grid is to be created and select Create Numerical Model Grid 176 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization The next step involves defining the horizontal grid discretization for the simulation domain and is described in the following section 12 1 1 Defining the Horizontal Grid By default Hydro GeoBuilder discretizes the horizontal grid using 20 rows and 20 columns with no rotation However you can customize the grid to your liking by modifying the settings in the horizontal grid dialog shown below Enter a unique Name for the numerical grid This name will appear in the Conceptual Model tree once the grid is created The grid can be rotated counter clockwise about the grid origin by entering a value between 0 and 360 in the Rotation text field Creating a Finite Difference Grid 177 The Add Data Object button allows you to display data objects e g model features in the adjacent 2D Viewer Adding model features to the grid designer may help you dete
7. Specifying Boundary Condition Type and Location The first step involves selecting the boundary condition type and specifying the location of the boundary condition on the simulation domain Defining a New Boundary Condition 159 From the Select Boundary Condition Type combo box select the desired boundary condition type For more information on each boundary condition type including the data requirements for MODFLOW please see Boundary Conditions Overview on page 142 Enter a Name and a Description optional for the boundary condition The specified name will appear in the Conceptual Model tree once the boundary condition is created Next select where to apply the boundary condition on the simulation domain by selecting an option from the Where to apply on the Simulation Model Domain combo box The type of options available in this combo box depend on which boundary condition type is selected The table below summarizes the available options for each boundary condition type Each option is described below Top Bottom Side Intermediate Specified Head River General Head Drain Recharge Evapotrans Lake Specified Flux 160 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Top Selecting this option will apply the boundary condition to the top layer of the simulation domain Bottom Selecting this o
8. Cross section data objects consist of two main elements the interpretation layers and the cross section wells The settings for each element can be accessed by clicking on the Interpretation or Wells node respectively Interpretation A screen capture of the interpretation settings is shown above From the Interpretation Type combo box select which interpretation layer to show in 3D Viewer Select from Model Geology or Hydrogeology When a interpretation layer is selected from the combo box its associated cross sections are listed in the grid below Under the Visible column select which cross section to show hide in 3D Viewer Select the Show All check box to show all the cross sections for the selected interpretation layer Select the Show Labels check box to show the label for each cross section Wells The wells node contains settings for changing the appearance of the cross section wells These settings are described below Modifying Data Style Settings 85 Show Wells Check this option to show the well geometry Show Labels Check this option to show the well label above each well Line Style Select the type of line to display Choose between solid or dashed Line Width Specify the width of the wells Color Change the color of the wells Click the Apply button to display the changes in an active 3D Viewer window 4 4 3 Wells The following section describes the available style settings for Wells da
9. in the Formation field Horizontal Wells The Horizontal Well tab is used to store information on deviated horizontal wells and contains many of the features available in the Vertical Well tab e g add modify screens pumping schedule observation points etc Please refer to the previous section for a description of these common features The primary difference of the horizontal well tab is the ability to view and modify the deviated Well Paths Well Path Table The Well Path table is used to view add and modify the well paths for horizontal wells When a well is selected from the Well Heads table its corresponding well path geometry data is displayed in the Well Path table Horizontal well paths consist of a series of points with known coordinates and elevation that represent nodes along the well path trajectory Hydro GeoBuilder then creates the well path by connecting each node in the series The Elevation frame allows you specify the Z value of the well path nodes as either an Elevation or as a Total Vertical Depth measured from ground surface 70 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Adding Well Path To add a new well path node to the Well Path table follow the steps below Select the Well from the Well Heads table for which the well path will be created Click the Add Row button from the Well Path toolbar to add a new item to the table Enter the X Y and Z value of the well path node in the table If t
10. 24 Importing Polylines 30 Importing Polygons 32 Importing Surfaces 33 Importing Wells 34 Importing 3D Gridded Data 41 Importing Cross Sections 44 iii Table of Contents Importing Maps 46 Georeferencing Images 48 Importing Time Schedules 53 Deleting Data Objects 56 Exporting Data Objects 56 Importing Data from Existing VMOD M
11. 3XS Cross sections generated using Hydro GeoAnalyst data management software Generate surfaces from cross section model interpretation layers and use for defining model horizons structural zones 3D Gridded Data TecPlot DAT MODFLOW HDS 3D Grid with attributes at each grid cell Use to visualize heads data generated from a MODFLOW run in Visual MODFLOW Use to assign spatially variable attributes to boundary conditions and property zones Data Type Supported File Types Description How can it be used in Hydro GeoBuilder Index 209 Index Numerics 3D Builder Features 2 Workflow 7 A Add Data Object 177 Add Points 107 Add Polygon 107 Add Polyline 107 Add ins 185 Artificial Withdrawal 153 B Background Color 100 Boundary Condition Location 158 Boundary Conditions Define 155 Drain 149 Evapotranspiration 151 General Head 146 Lake 152 Pumping Well 142 Recharge 151 River 144 Specified Flux 154 Specified Head 143 By Attribute 78 C Cascade 98 Child Grid 180 Column Refinement 181 Refinement Ratio 181 Row Refinement 181 Color By Attribute 82 Conceptual Model Advantages 1 Create 118 Delete 120 General 117 Conceptual Model Settings 119 Conceptual Model Tree 119 Connection Elevation 160 Constrained 187 Contour Lines 90 Control Points 49 Create New Data Object 106 Creating a new project 15 Cutaways 101 D Data Import Data Mapping 27 Data Validation 29 General 23 Multiplier 28 Dat
12. 80 Well1 574506 60 4863298 36 68 etc etc etc etc Importing 3D Gridded Data 41 e g null values wrong assigned data type duplicate rows etc Please see Data Validation on page 29 for more information on data validation Click the Next button to import the data Once imported a Wells data object will be added in the Data Explorer 3 6 Importing 3D Gridded Data 3D Gridded Data refers to 3D grids with attributes assigned to each grid cell 3D Gridded data can be used in Hydro GeoBuilder to visualize heads generated from a MODFLOW run in Visual MODFLOW or for assigning spatially variable attributes to boundary conditions and property zones Hydro GeoBuilder supports the following file types for 3D Gridded data MODFLOW Heads file HDS Visual MODFLOW DAT files DAT Note In order to import data from MODFLOW HDS files the source file must exist in the folder that contains all associated MODFLOW data files e g DIS NAM etc Note Visual MODFLOW DAT files must include the following data X Y Z and a parameter For information on how to export gridded data from Visual MODFLOW in the DAT format please refer to the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual To import 3D Gridded data follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu Select 3D Gridded Data from the Data Type drop down list Click the button and locate the s
13. Deleting Boundary Conditions 173 12 Model Domain Discretization 175 Creating a Finite Difference Grid 175 Defining the Horizontal Grid 176 Defining the Vertical Grid 177 Editing a Finite Difference Grid 182 Horizontal Grid Refinement 183 Deleting a Numerical Grid 184 Creating a Finite Element Mesh 184 Defining the Horizontal Mesh Settings 186 Defining Slice Elevations 190 13 Translating to Numerical Model 193 Translating a Conceptual Model to a Numerical Model 193 Trans
14. Specified Line is colored using the color specified in the General settings Custom Specify a color for the line element This color will overwrite the default color defined in the general settings for this particular shape element The Show in Cutaway check box allows you to show areas the line in cutaway regions in the 3D Viewer window When this option is disabled lines will not show in any areas that have been hidden in the 3D Viewer window by creating Cutaways For information on creating cutaways please see Creating Cutaways on page 101 Modifying Data Style Settings 81 Labels General The following label settings are available under the General node shown above Show Labels Show Hide the labels in 2D 3D viewer Label Field This combo box contains all attributes for the selected data object Select the desired attribute field to use for the labels Font Select the label font from the combo box Size Set the text size of the labels Style Set the font style for the labels e g Regular Bold Font Italicized etc Color Set the color of the label text Format The following label settings are available under the Format node Format Choose between Numeric or Scientific notation Decimals Set the number of decimals to plot for each label Placement Polylines Only Position Display the label above below or on the line Offset This parameter controls how far the label will b
15. The buttons in the top toolbar are described below Save Saves the transformed image along with a corresponding georeferencing tag file Zoom In Click and drag the mouse to select the zoom area Zoom Out Zoom out of the image Full Extent Zoom completely out so that the entire image is shown Pan When zoomed in move the image left right up or down Add Control Point Add a georeference point See Adding Georeference Points on page 49 Delete Control Point Delete a selected georeference point Transform Image Assigns coordinates to image pixels using the specified control points Toolbar Original Image Preview Tab Control Points Table Georeference Information Table Importing Maps 49 Output Region This button allows you to save a specified area of the image to the georeferenced file after the image has been transformed By default the output region is the whole image Click and drag a rectangular box on the image to define a new output region and then click the Save button to save the output region to the georeference file Configure Georeferencing Options Opens the configure georeferencing options dialog box For more information on these options please see Configure Georeferencing Options on page 50 Magnification Selector Select a magnification level from the combo box Control Points Table The control points table contains the specified control points You can edit
16. available methods include Constant Value Use Surface Use 3D Gridded Data and Use Shapefile available only when property zone is defined using polygon data object The type of method used can be specified per parameter For each parameter in the data input grid there is a combo box in the Method row shown below For each parameter in the data input grid specify the method for defining attribute values by selecting the desired option from the Method combo boxes Each method is described in the following sections 134 Chapter 9 Property Modeling Constant Value The Constant Value method is selected by default for each parameter in the data input grid and allows you to specify a spatially constant value for the parameter If you do not wish to use the default value enter a new value Use Surface The Use Surface method allows you use an existing surface data object to define spatially variable attribute values When this method is selected the Use Surface button will become active Click the Use Surface button to launch the Provide Data dialog box shown below From the Data Explorer select the desired surface data object and then click the button to insert it into the parameter field Click the OK button to close the dialog box Note The selected surface data object must cover the entire area of the property zone or else the data object cannot be used Use 3D Gridded Data The Use 3D Gridded Data method allows you to
17. holes These features are currently not supported for property zone creation If your polygon does not meet this criteria it can be edited using the 2D Viewer editing tools For more information on this topic please see Digitizing amp Editing Geometry in 2D Viewers on page 107 Next select a structural zone from the Conceptual Model tree and click the button to insert the data object in the Define Volume frame Click the Next button to proceed to the next step Assigning Property Parameters Once the geometry has been defined you can assign parameter values to the property zone Defining a New Property Zone 133 First select the group of parameters that will be defined e g conductivity storage or initial heads The data input grid below will display the appropriate parameters based on which parameter group is selected For example if conductivity is selected the data input grid will show the parameters Kx Ky and Kz The data input grid will already be populated with the default values specified in the Project Settings File gt Project Settings Note If the property zone is defined using a polygon data object and the data object consists of multiple polygons you can assign unique parameters to each individual polygon or you can assign parameters defined for one polygon to all polygons by clicking the Apply to All button Hydro GeoBuilder provides various methods for assigning parameter attributes The
18. line geometry and attributes Use to define geometry of linear boundary conditions e g river drain general head Surfaces USGS DEM ESRI ASCII Grid ASC FRD Surfer GRD ASCII or Binary Files containing an ordered array of interpolated values at regularly spaced intervals that represent the spatial distribution of an attribute e g digital elevation model Use to define conceptual model horizons Use to assign spatially variable attributes to boundary conditions and property zones Wells XLS Well head coordinates X Y Z and associated well attribute data such as screen intervals pumping schedules observation points and data well tops contact points with geological formations and well path for deviated wells Interpolate well heads to generate surface representing topography Convert well tops to surfaces representing top bottoms of geological formations Use to define pumping well boundary conditions 208 Appendix A Supported Data Types Time Schedules XLS Attributes measured over time e g hydrographs Use to define transient data for boundary conditions such as recharge river stage elevations etc Maps JPG BMP TIF GIF Raster images e g aerial photographs topographic maps satellite imagery Use sitemaps for gaining a perspective of the dimensions of the model and for locating important characteristics of the model Cross Sections HGA 3D Explorer
19. 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder Creating a New Project 15 2 Project Management In Hydro GeoBuilder a project refers to one or more conceptual models that share a common general feature e g the same area or the same simulation objective etc When creating a new project you may specify various project settings such as the data repository location the project s coordinate system datum and the default units This process is described in the following sections This chapter presents information on the following topics Creating a New Project Modifying Project Settings Saving a Project Opening a Project 2 1 Creating a New Project To create a new project follow the steps below From the main menu go to File gt New gt Project or select the New button from the toolbar Specify the project settings in the Create Project dialog Each setting is described in the following sections 16 Chapter 2 Project Management Project Information Name Type a unique name for your project The project name cannot contain the characters lt gt Data Repository Click the Open button and navigate to a folder where your project data will be saved This folder can be on your local hard drive a mapped network drive or external device You must have full access read and write to this folder Once a project is created and data is added or created various files and folders are
20. AquiferTest Pro also provides the tools for trends corrections and graphical contouring water table drawdown around the pumping well AquaChem AquaChem is designed for the management analysis and reporting of water quality data AquaChem s analysis capabilities cover a wide range of functions and calculations frequently used for analyzing interpreting and comparing water quality data AquaChem includes a comprehensive selection of commonly used plotting techniques to represent the chemical characteristics of aqueous geochemical and water quality data as well includes PHREEQC a powerful geochemical reaction model GW Contour The GW Contour data interpolation and contouring program incorporates techniques for mapping velocity vectors and particle tracks GW Contour incorporates the most commonly used 2D data interpolation techniques for the groundwater and environmental industry including Natural Neighbor Inverse Distance Kriging and Bilinear GW Contour is designed for contouring surface or water levels contaminant concentrations or other spatial data UnSat Suite Plus UnSat Suite Plus seamlessly integrates multiple one dimensional unsaturated zone flow and solute transport models into a single intuitive working environment Models include SESOIL VS2DT VLEACH PESTAN Visual HELP and the International Weather Generator The combination of models offers users the ability for simulating the downward vertical flow of water and the
21. Hydro GeoBuilder Workflow 7 Click Add or Remove Programs for Windows XP or Programs for Vista Select Hydro GeoBuilder from the list of installed programs Click Uninstall 1 2 4 Licensing Hydro GeoBuilder supports both dongle based hardware licensing and software based licensing For more information on software licensing please consult the Hydro GeoBuilder Getting Started Guide available on the installation CD in PDF format For general license inquires please contact Schlumberger Water Services Sales sws sales slb com 1 2 5 Starting Hydro GeoBuilder Once Hydro GeoBuilder has been installed on your computer simply double click on the Hydro GeoBuilder shortcut icon shown below located on your computer s desktop Alternatively you can access the software via the start menu by clicking on Start Programs SWS Software Visual MODFLOW Hydro GeoBuilder Note If you are using dongle based hardware licensing please ensure that your dongle is connected to your computer AFTER you have installed the software and that you have properly configured your installation 1 3 Hydro GeoBuilder Workflow In general the Hydro GeoBuilder workflow is comprised of the following tasks import raw data create a conceptual model generate the simulation model domain define the numerical model and then run the simulation and analyze results Each task is described below Import Raw Data Start by importing raw geogra
22. Package input file requires the following information for each grid cell containing a River boundary River Stage The free water surface elevation of the surface water body This elevation may change with time Riverbed Bottom The elevation of the bottom of the seepage layer bedding material of the surface water body Leakance A numerical parameter representing the resistance to flow between the surface water body and the groundwater caused by the seepage layer riverbed The Leakance value C may be calculated from the length of a reach L through a cell the width of the river W in the cell the thickness of the riverbed M and the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed material K using the following formula For situations where the River package is used to simulate lakes or wetlands the L and W variables would correspond to the X Y dimension of the River boundary grid cells When a River boundary condition is assigned the Use default Leakance option is automatically selected If the Use default Leakance option is selected the River boundary condition requires the following data River Stage The free water surface elevation of the surface water body Riverbed Bottom The elevation of the bottom of the seepage layer bedding material of the surface water body Riverbed Thickness Thickness of the riverbed seepage layer Leakance A numerical parameter representing the resistance to
23. can be defined using one or more existing structural zones As such property zones can only be generated after horizons have been defined in the conceptual model For more information on defining horizons please see Chapter 8 Defining Horizons Hydro GeoBuilder supports various methods for assigning values to hydrogeologic parameters The method used for defining attributes can be defined on the parameter level allowing you to use different methods for different parameters The supported methods include Use Constant Value Use Surface Data Object Use 3D Gridded Data Object Use Shapefile The following sections provide information on the following topics Defining a New Property Zone 130 Chapter 9 Property Modeling Assigning Property Parameters Editing Property Zones Deleting a Property Zone 9 1 Defining a New Property Zone Before you can create a property zone you must have already defined horizons for the conceptual model For more information on defining horizons please see Chapter 8 Defining Horizons To define a new property zone follow the steps below Right click on the Properties node in the Conceptual Model Tree and select Define Property Zone The New Property Zone dialog will display shown below Enter a Name and Description optional for the property zone in the Name and Description fields respectively Defining a New Property Zone 131 Select the method
24. check box to display hide a color map of the element value on the borders sides of the model domain when the isosurface intersects the edge of the model domain Use the Show in Cutaway check box to make the isosurface visible invisible in cutaways Use the transparent check box to enable disable transparency If enabled use Modifying Data Style Settings 93 the Transparency slider to set the level of transparency opaqueness Click the Add button to create the isosurface The isosurface will be added to the isosurface table Modifying an Isosurface To modify an existing isosurface follow the steps below Select the isosurface from the isosurface table Make the modifications to the desired settings e g attribute name attribute value color etc Click the Change button to apply the changes Time The Time node provides a list of all the time steps in the 3D gridded data object and allows you to select the desired time step data to display in the 3D Viewer window For 3D gridded data objects generated by steady state flow models only one time step will be available For 3D gridded data objects generated by transient flow models multiple time steps will be available as defined in the Run settings in Visual MODFLOW i e MODFLOW 2000 gt Time Steps 94 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Opening a New 2D or 3D Viewer 95 5 Data Viewers Hydro GeoBuilder supports two types of interac
25. conceptual model to a finite element numerical model In the Conceptual Model Tree right click on the desired conceptual model folder and select Translate to Finite Element Model from the pop up menu Translating a Conceptual Model to a Numerical Model 199 Define FEFLOW Simulation Settings 200 Chapter 13 Translating to Numerical Model Project Description A brief description of the project By default this is the name of the current Hydro GeoBuilder project Finite Element Mesh Select the desired finite element mesh from the combo box to use for model translation Output Name Click the button and specify the output name and directory for the FEM file that is created during translation The FEM file is an ASCII file containing information on the problem class and model properties This file is required for importing your model into FEFLOW The default file name is Project_name FEM and the default directory on your computer is Project Folder Numerical Models Translation Log File When a numerical model is translated in Hydro GeoBuilder a log file is automatically generated and saved on your computer By default the log file name is Project_Name LOG and the directory is Project Name Numerical Models Click the button to specify a new file name and directory Problem Class Currently 3D Builder only supports the separate flow problem class Simulation Type Select Steady State or Tran
26. control points to the image When the image is transformed the Preview tab will display the original control points and the corresponding georeferenced points thus allowing you to visualize the accuracy of the georeferencing Once you have set at least two georeference points click the Transform button to georeference the image The georeferenced image will then be displayed in the Preview tab Editing Georeference Points To edit a georeference point Select the georeference point from the Control Points Table Once selected click the Edit button located just beneath the control points table A Georeference point window will appear prompting for the X and Y world coordinates of the selected location Enter the new X and or Y coordinates for this point Click the Ok button Note You must click the Transform button again in order for the georeferencing to update to reflect the modified X Y values Deleting Georeference Points To delete a georeference point Select the georeference point from the Control Points Table Once selected click the Delete button located just beneath the control points table Configure Georeferencing Options When the Configure Georeferencing Options button is selected the following dialog will open Importing Maps 51 Symbols Tab This tab allows you to change the style settings of the original control points and the georeference points Choose a Style symb
27. created in the data repository The Data Repository folder structure is outlined in the image below Creating a New Project 17 Note The NumericalModels subfolder will be generated only after you have translated your conceptual model to a numerical model Note The project file name should never be manually renamed i e using Window s Explorer If you wish to use a different name for the project file please use the Save As option File gt Save As Description Optional This field allows you to enter optional information about your project You can edit this information once your project has been created by clicking on File gt Project Settings from the main menu Project Coordinates Specify the coordinate system of the project from the Coordinate System combo box Hydro GeoBuilder supports the following coordinate systems Projected Coordinate Systems State Plane 27 State Plane 83 UTM WGS 72 UTM WGS84 UTM NAD27 UTM NAD83 Local Cartesian Your project cannot be created using a geographic coordinate system i e using latitude and longitude in decimal degrees for the X Y coordinates However you can import data that is in geographic coordinates In this case Hydro GeoBuilder will 18 Chapter 2 Project Management perform a geotransformation on the coordinates so that they are expressed in the projected coordinate system of the project Units Specify the default project units for each paramet
28. data object geometry using the edit tools described above click the End Edit button to save the changes Finally click the View button to return to the normal 2D Viewing mode 109 6 Creating Surfaces In Hydro GeoBuilder a surface refer to an attribute e g elevation conductivity heads represented as a set of continuous data over an area Surfaces can either be imported directly see Importing Surfaces on page 33 from various file types using the import utility or created by interpolating one or more points data objects This chapter describes the process of creating surfaces from points data objects Surfaces are required in Hydro GeoBuilder for defining the vertical boundaries of structural zones i e horizons in a conceptual model However surfaces can also be used to assign spatially variable attributes to property zones and boundary conditions or for simply visualizing spatial variation using the 2D or 3D Viewers The create surface process allows you to generate surfaces using any numeric attribute in a point data object The point data object can be one that has been imported using the import utility or one that has been generated from other data objects e g cross sections and wells For more information on creating points data objects from well data and cross sections please see Converting Well Tops to Points Data Object on page 74 or Converting Model Layers to Points Data Object on page 74 res
29. data objects option from the Select Option combo box selected by default Click the Execute button to apply the operation Once the points data objects are created they are added to the Data Explorer using the naming convention wells data object name _ formation label shown above 76 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties 4 3 5 Calculating Well Head Elevation Z from a Surface For well data objects only This operation is only available for well data objects It allows you to calculate elevation values for each well head in the data object using a specified surface data object Please note any well head elevations that have been added manually or imported will be overwritten with the elevation values calculated from the specified surface To calculate well head elevation from a surface Select Calculate well head elevation Z from a surface from the Select Operation combo box Select the desired Surface data object from the Data Explorer and select the button to insert the data object into the surface field Click the Execute button to apply the operation Once the operation is applied you can confirm that the new Z values were created by viewing the table view for the selected well data object Please note that Hydro GeoBuilder will ignore wells where the elevation of the bottom of the well Zmin is greater than the calculated well head elevation 4 4 Modifying Data Style Settings Hydro GeoBuilder
30. field mappings view the attribute and geometry table Operations Apply arithmetic and geometric operations to data object geometry and attributes Style Settings Modify various style settings for different data object elements e g point line symbology show labels color rendering by attribute create isosurfaces set transparency etc Data object settings can be accessed from the main Hydro GeoBuilder window To view the settings for a data object follow the steps below In the Data Explorer right click on the desired data object and select Settings from the pop up menu This chapter presents information on the following topics Viewing General Data Settings Viewing the Data Table Performing Operations on Data 62 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Modifying Data Style Settings 4 1 Viewing General Data Settings General settings consist of data object meta data including the coordinate system field mappings and source data information General settings can be accessed by expanding the General node in the Settings tree The settings in each sub node are described below Info The Info node contains the following information Name The name of the data object read only defined during import Type The type of the data object e g points polygon polyline Data Source The folder path of the data source when the data was imported Color The color of the data object when
31. interval is selected a factor of 2 would subdivide each row column within the specified interval into two equally spaced rows columns If coarsen in an interval is selected a factor of 2 would reduce the number of rows columns within the specified interval by a factor of 2 Click the Apply button to show the defined refinement coarsening in the adjacent 2D Viewer 12 3 Deleting a Numerical Grid To delete a numerical grid right click on the grid in the Conceptual Model tree and then select the Delete item from the pop up menu 12 4 Creating a Finite Element Mesh A finite element mesh is required for translating your conceptual model to a finite element numerical model e g for loading into FEFLOW The following section describes how to generate a finite element mesh and the various options available To create a finite element mesh follow the steps below In the conceptual model tree right click on the Model Domain node and select Create Finite Element Mesh from the pop up menu Creating a Finite Element Mesh 185 The Define Finite Element Mesh wizard will appear on your screen where you can configure the properties of the finite element mesh Specify a unique name for the finite element mesh in the Name text field Defining the Superelement Mesh The Superelement Mesh represents the main geometry points and segments of the model region from which finite elements are generated A superelement mesh is defined u
32. into or out of the system do not develop during the simulation The leakance value may be physically based representing the conductance associated with an aquifer between the model area and a large lake or may be obtained through model calibration The leakance value C for the scenarios illustrated in the preceding figure may be calculated using the following formula where LxW is the surface area of the grid cell face exchanging flow with the external source sink K is the average hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer material separating the external source sink from the model grid D is the distance from the external source sink to the model grid When a General Head boundary condition is assigned the Use default leakance option is automatically selected If the Use default leakance option is selected the General Head boundary condition requires the following data Stage The head value for the external source sink Leakance A numerical parameter representing the resistance to flow between the boundary head and the model domain this field is read only and is calculated using formula described below Distance to Reservoir The distance from the external source sink to the General Head grid cell General Head Average Conductivity The average hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer material separating the external source sink from the model grid The default formula used to calculate the Leakance value for the Ge
33. is optional Pumping Rate Note Please consider the following when importing a pumping schedule In your source data the final time in the pumping schedule should have a pumping rate of 0 to indicate the stop time 38 Chapter 3 Importing Data If time is not included in the source data just the date Hydro GeoBuilder will automatically set the time to 12 00 00 pm Currently Pumping Schedules can only be imported using absolute time Please ensure that the date and time values in your source data are expressed in absolute time MM DD YYYY HH MM SS and not relative time 0 10 days 10 20 days etc Well Heads with Observation Points When this option is selected you must first map the well heads under the Well Heads tab described above Next click the Observation Points tab and map the appropriate columns from the source data to the following target fields For Observed Heads Logger ID Elevation Observed Head Head Observation Date For Observed Concentrations Logger ID Elevation Quemical Observed Concentration Concentration Observation Date Importing Wells 39 Well Heads with Well Tops When this option is selected you must first map the well heads under the Well Heads tab described above Next click on the Tops tab and map the appropriate columns from the source data to the following target fields Top Z elevation or measured depth of formati
34. migration of dissolved contaminants through the vadose zone UnSat Suite Plus includes tools for project management generating synthetic weather data modeling flow and contaminants through the unsaturated zone estimating groundwater recharge and contaminant loading rates and preparing compliance reports Visual HELP Visual HELP is a one dimensional unsaturated zone flow modeling application built for optimizing the hydrologic design of municipal landfills Visual HELP is based on the US E P A HELP model Hydrologic Evaluation of Landfill Performance and has been integrated into a 32 Bit Windows application It combines the International Weather Generator Landfill Profile Designer and Report Editor Applications include designing landfill profiles predicting leachate mounding and evaluating potential leachate seepage to the groundwater Visual PEST ASP Visual PEST ASP combines the powerful parameter estimation capabilities of PEST ASP with the graphical processing and display features of WinPEST Visual PEST ASP can be used to assist in data interpretation model calibration and predictive analysis by optimizing model parameters to fit a set of observations This popular estimation package achieves model independence through its capacity to communicate with a model through its input and output files Groundwater Instrumentation Diver NETZ Diver NETZ is an all inclusive groundwater monitoring network system that integrates high qua
35. name from the Layer combo box located at the bottom of the 2D Viewer window From the 2D Viewer sidebar select the Pick button to set the 2D Viewer to pick mode Pick mode allows you to click and select individual shape elements e g vertices line segments features that comprise the active data object From the 2D Viewer sidebar select the Edit button to set the 2D Viewer to edit mode Once this button is selected a set of editing buttons will display in the 2D Viewer sidebar The edit buttons that show in the sidebar will vary depending on which type of data object is being edited For example the Add Points button will not be shown when you are editing creating a polygon or polyline data object The edit buttons are described below Add Points Digitize points in the 2D Viewer by moving the mouse cursor to the desired location and clicking the left mouse button This button only shows when creating edit a Points data object Add Polyline Digitize a polyline in the 2D Viewer Click the left mouse to start the line and then left click to insert a vertex along the line path Double click to end the polyline This button only shows when creating editing a Polyline data object Add Polygon Digitize a polygon in the 2D Viewer Click the left mouse button to start the polygon Each successive left mouse click will insert a vertex Double click to close the polygon Move Points Move a point by selecting and dragging the points
36. option to set the approximate length of edges segments that comprise the model boundary domain Vertices will be added along the boundary creating subsegments with the specified length This option will refine the areas along the model domain boundary Edges of triangles along line should have approx length Use this option to set the approximate length of edges of triangles along line add ins Vertices will be added along the lines creating subsegments with a specified length The option will refine areas around line add ins Refinement around point add ins Use this option to refine areas around point add ins Refinement for point add ins is defined by specifying the number of triangles directly around the points and the desired distance from the point to the new vertices Use the Gradation slider bar to specify the smoothness of the transition from the fine elements around the points to the coarser elements A smoother transition will result in more elements but will lead to more regular elements therefore improved model stability Polygon Refinement You can use one or more polygon data objects that have been included in the superelement mesh see Defining the Superelement Mesh on page 185 to define localized areas of mesh refinement To do so click the Polygons Refinement button The Polygon Refinement screen will appear Creating a Finite Element Mesh 189 In the left side of the Polygon Refinement window all featu
37. outside edges sides of the simulation model domain This scenario is illustrated in the following figure The primary differences between the General Head boundary and the Specified Head boundary are the model solves for the head values in the General Head grid cells whereas the head values are specified in Constant Head cells the General Head grid cells do not act as infinite sources of water whereas Specified Head cells can provide an infinite amount of water as required to maintain the specified head Therefore under some circumstances the General Head grid cells may become dry cells Required Data The General Head Boundary Package requires the following information for each General Head grid cell Stage This is the head of the external source sink This head may be physically based such as a large lake or may be obtained through model calibration Leakance The leakance is a numerical parameter that represents the resistance to flow between the boundary head and the model domain In contrast to the River Drain and Evapotranspiration packages the General Head package provides no limiting value of head to bind the linear function in either direction Therefore as the head difference between a model cell and the boundary head increases decreases flow into or out of the cell continues to increase without limit 148 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Accordingly care must be used to ensure that unrealistic flows
38. pm EST Monday to Friday excluding Canadian holidays Phone 1 519 746 1798 Fax 1 519 885 5262 E mail sws support slb com Training and Consulting Services Schlumberger Water Services offers numerous high quality training courses globally Our courses are designed to provide a rapid introduction to essential knowledge and skills and create a basis for further professional development and real world practice Open enrollment courses are offered worldwide each year For the current schedule of courses visit www swstechnology com training or e mail us at sws training slb com Schlumberger Water Services also offers expert consulting and peer reviewing services for data management groundwater modeling aqueous geochemical analysis and pumping test analysis For further information please contact sws services slb com Waterloo Hydrogeologic Software We also develop and distribute a number of other useful software products for the groundwater professionals all designed to increase your efficiency and enhance your technical capability including Visual MODFLOW Premium Hydro GeoAnalyst Aquifer Test Pro AquaChem GW Contour UnSat Suite Plus Visual HELP Visual PEST ASP Visual MODFLOW Premium Visual MODFLOW Premium is a three dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport modeling application that integrates MODFLOW 2000 SEAWAT 2000 MODPATH MT3DMS MT3D99 R
39. provides you with a wide variety of style settings allowing you to modify the appearance of data objects in both 3D and 2D Viewer The style settings can be accessed by expanding the Style node in the Settings tree shown below Please Modifying Data Style Settings 77 note that the Style node will only be available when the particular data object is being shown in 2D or 3D Viewer In general each data object has its own set of style settings although some settings are common between data objects The following sections describe the style settings for the various data objects 4 4 1 Points Polygons amp Polylines Points Vertices The style settings for points data objects are described below 78 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Select the color method symbol and size from the appropriate combo boxes Choose from the following color methods Specified Points are colored using the color specified in the General settings By Attribute Points are colored based on a specified data object attribute See Color By Attribute on page 82 page for more information on color rendering The Show in Cutaway check box allows you to show points or vertices in cutaway regions in the 3D Viewer window When this option is disabled points or vertices will not show in any areas that have been hidden in the 3D Viewer window by creating Cutaways For information on creating cutaways please see Creating Cutaw
40. the surface These settings are described in the following section 112 Chapter 6 Creating Surfaces Interpolation Settings Select the interpolation method to use for generating the surface Choose from the following interpolation methods Inverse Distance Kriging Natural Neighbor Below are brief descriptions of each interpolation method taken from the GSLIB Geostatistical Software Library and User s Guide Deutsch and Journel 1998 For a description of each interpolation parameter setting click on the setting and a brief description will be displayed beneath the interpolation settings grid Once the settings have been defined click the OK button to generate the surface Inverse Distance The Inverse Distance Squared method is very fast and efficient weighted average interpolation method The weighting factor applied to the data depends on the distance of the point from the grid cell and is inversely proportional to the distance squared Consequently the greater the distance the data point is from the grid node the smaller the influence it has on the calculated value The Inverse Distance Squared method for interpolation may generate patterns similar to the bull s eye surrounding points of observations Selecting a larger number of nearest neighboring data points may smooth this effect but if the bull s eye pattern is undesirable then other methods for interpolation like Natural Neighbor and Krig
41. the Define Finite Element Mesh wizard you can define various discretization settings for the horizontal mesh Finite element meshes are created using the Triangle mesh generator developed by J R Shewchuk Triangle provides various options for generating finite element meshes These options are described briefly below Please note that the switch letters in parenthesis beside the name of each option refers to the command line switches used by the Triangle mesh generator Delaunay Triangulation Method L switch Delaunay triangulation methods are typically used in finite element mesh generation as they tend to maximize the minimum angle of all the angles of the triangles in the Creating a Finite Element Mesh 187 triangulation providing a nice set of triangles and avoiding narrow skinny triangles There are three triangulation methods from which to choose from Table 1 Constrained Constrained Conforming and Conforming Meshing Algorithm I switch Two Delaunay algorithms are provided for generating the finite element mesh Divide and Conquer and Incremental Typically the divide and conquer algorithm is preferred However if this algorithm fails use the incremental algorithm Total Number of Elements Approx For the Conforming and Constrained Conforming triangulation methods you can specify the desired number of elements that comprise the finite element mesh Please note that the specified number of elements cannot b
42. the Modular Finite Difference Ground Water Flow Model MODFLOW Open File Report 97 571 U S Geological Survey Required Data The specified flux package requires the following input parameters Starting Flux L3 T Ending Flux L3 T Supported Geometry The geometry for Specified Flux boundary conditions can be specified using the following data objects Polygon Polyline Defining a New Boundary Condition 155 11 2 Defining a New Boundary Condition Note Before you can define boundary conditions you must first create the simulation model domain For information on how to create the simulation model domain please refer to Creating the Simulation Model Domain on page 139 The workflow for defining a pumping well boundary conditions is different than that of defining other boundary conditions such as recharge specified head river etc Please see the following section for information on defining pumping well boundary conditions For information on how to define all other types of boundary conditions please skip to Defining Other Boundary Conditions on page 158 11 2 1 Defining a Pumping Well Boundary Condition To add a new pumping well boundary condition follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model tree right click on Boundary Conditions and select Define Pumping Well Boundary Condition from the pop up menu The Pumping Well Boundary Condition dialog will display on your screen sho
43. time schedule Data mapping and creating new attributes are described in the section Data Mapping on page 27 The final step in the time schedule import process is data validation Hydro GeoBuilder will validate the mapped data and highlights any rows that contain invalid data e g null values wrong assigned data type duplicate rows etc Please see Data Validation on page 29 for more information on data validation Click the Next button to import the data Once imported a time schedule data object will be added in the Data Explorer 3 10 Deleting Data Objects To delete a data object right click on the data object from the Data Explorer and select Delete from the pop up menu 3 11 Exporting Data Objects Hydro GeoBuilder supports data export for the following data objects Points Polygons and Polylines SHP CSV Surfaces Horizons CSV To export a data object follow the steps below From the Data Explorer right click on the desired data object and select Export from the pop up menu A Save As dialog box will display on your screen Specify a file Name and Folder location and the File Type for the exported file and then click the Save button Click the OK button from the Export dialog box Importing Data from Existing VMOD Models 57 3 12 Importing Data from Existing VMOD Models Individual input elements from your existing Visual MODFLOW VMOD models can be
44. units only changes the unit labels Model parameter values are NOT automatically converted to the new units settings Property Parameters The Property Parameters tab allows you to view and modify the default property parameter values During model translation these parameters will be assigned to all areas of the conceptual model that have not been assigned property parameters by defining property zones see Chapter 9 Property Modeling Saving a Project 21 2 3 Saving a Project It is good practice to regularly save your project to avoid any accidental loss of data To save your project follow the steps below From the main menu select File gt Save to save it using the current project name or click the Save As button to save it using a different name and location Alternatively you can save your project by clicking the Save button from the tool bar 2 4 Opening a Project To open an existing project follow the steps below From the main menu select File gt Open Project The Open dialog will display Navigate to the folder that contains the amd project file select it and then click the Open button Note The original data structure of the project s data repository must be preserved in order to open a saved project In other words a project will fail to open if the project file or data files have been deleted or moved out of the data repository Please see Data Repository on page 16 for mo
45. well head Zmax 66 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties At the top of each table there is a set of buttons that allow you to add remove and modify the contents These buttons are described below Add a row to the table Insert a row above the active row Insert a row below the active row Remove the active row from the table Adding Well Head Data To add an item to the Well Head table follow the steps below Click the Add Row button from the Well Head toolbar to add a new item to the table Enter an alphanumeric name in the Well Name column Note The well name must be unique and it may contain hyphens and spaces but not the forward or backward slash characters Enter the X Y coordinates of the well head in the X and Y fields respectively Enter the elevation of the well head in the Zmax field Enter the depth of the well in the Zmin field Adding Well Screens To add an item to the Well Screen table follow the steps below Make sure the Screens option is selected from the Data to Display box Select a Well from the Well Head table Click the Add Row button from the Screens toolbar to add a new item to the table Enter a screen identification number in the Screen ID field Enter a screen top elevation or measured depth in the Screen Top field Enter a screen bottom elevation or measured depth in the Screen Bottom field Note For Horizontal Wells the screen values fo
46. well is shut off for the time where no information is available For steady state simulation the pumping rate for the first time period will be used as the steady state pumping rate 68 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Adding Observation Points Observation Points are the elevations at which head or concentration observations are recorded Although most monitoring or observation wells are installed with a well screen spanning a known interval of the aquifer Hydro GeoBuilder requires a single observation point elevation to be defined instead of a well screen interval For more information on how Visual MODFLOW handles observation points please refer to the Observation Points in the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual To add an observation point for a well follow the steps below Select the Divers option from the Data to Display box This will show the Observation Points table Select a well from the Well Heads table Click the Add Row button from the Observation Points toolbar to add a new item to the table Enter an observation point ID in the ID field Enter an elevation value in the Elevation field The MODFLOW simulator supports head and concentration observation wells with multiple observation points throughout the length of the well bore Repeat the steps above to add additional points Adding Observations The Observation Data table is used to enter the observed values at specified times for the se
47. 12 J JPEG Image Quality 51 K Kriging 113 L Label Placement 81 Lakebed Conductivity 153 Lakebed Thickness 153 Layer Refinement 178 Leakance 145 Licencing 7 M Minimum Angle 187 Minimum Cell Thickness 178 MODFLOW LGR General 180 Modify Project Settings 18 N Natural Neighbors 113 Number of Classes 83 89 Numerical Grid Coarsening 183 Create 175 Delete 184 Edit 182 Grid Rotation 176 Refinement 183 Types 178 O Observation Points 68 Online Help 12 Open a Project 21 OpenGL Driver 103 Overland Runoff 153 P Pick Mode 104 Point Style 103 Polyline Zones 161 Precipitation Rate per Unit Area 153 Project Coordinates 17 Project Description 17 Project Name 16 Property Parameters 20 Property Zone Parameters Constant Value 134 Use 3D Gridded Data 134 Use Shapefile 135 Use Surface 134 Property Zones Assign Parameters 132 Propery Zones Create New 130 General 129 Pumping Well Schedule 67 R Rescale 107 River Stage 145 River Width 145 Riverbed Bottom 145 Riverbed Kz 145 Rivers Conductance 145 River Bottom Elevation 145 Rotate 107 S Save a Project 21 Show Area Fill 79 Index 211 Show Labels 81 Spreadsheet 63 Stage 147 Start Date 118 Statistics 63 Structural Zones 127 Styles Settings 76 Superelement Mesh 185 Surfaces Create 110 General 109 General Settings 110 T Tile 98 Triangulation Delaunay 186 U Uniform Grid 178 Uninstalling 6 Units 18 19 Conversion 28 Use a polygon extent 114 U
48. Builder will automatically generate the Structural Zones geologic formations between the horizons which can be used later to define property zones Horizon Types Each horizon can be assigned a particular type which defines the relationship to other horizons in the conceptual model This prevents intersecting layers and establishes layers that satisfy both FEFLOW and MODFLOW requirements Each horizon type is described below Erosional horizons can be used as the highest or as an intermediate horizon but not as the bottom of the conceptual model This type of horizon will truncate all horizons below it including the base horizon Base horizons can be used as the lowest horizon in the conceptual model Any conformable horizon types will lap onto it while all erosional or discontinuity horizons will truncate it Discontinuity horizons represent an erosional surface in the middle of a stack of horizons It can never be the highest or lowest horizon Horizons above it up to the next 122 Chapter 8 Defining Horizons discontinuity or erosional horizon will lap onto it while all horizons below it will be truncated by it These horizons can be thought of as the top or base of a sequence Conformable default horizons will be truncated by erosional base and discontinuous horizons Lower conformable horizons will be truncated by upper conformable horizons If a conformable horizon is above an erosional horizon the conformable horizon wil
49. Files VMOD 3D Builder locate the file mflgr exe right click on it and select Copy 204 Chapter 13 Translating to Numerical Model 3 Now open the folder that contains the translated MODFLOW LGR files By default this location should be Data Repository Numerical Models Select Edit from the main menu and click Paste 4 Now that the mflgr exe file is located in the same folder as the translated MODFLOW LGR files you can run the simulation To do so double click on the mflgr exe file to a launch the executable 5 A DOS prompt window will display on your screen Type in the full name of the translated LGR file e g ProjectName LGR and then press the Enter key on your keyboard 6 During the simulation the output files i e LST and HDS are created and saved for both the parent grid and each child grid in the same location as the translated input files where the mflgr exe was copied to Once the simulation is finished you can open the LST file in a text editor e g Notepad for each grid to view details of the simulation including the mass balance Additionally you can import the HDS file into Hydro GeoBuilder as a 3D Gridded data object to visualize the simulated heads in a 3D Viewer window For more information on importing Viewing Results in Hydro GeoBuilder 205 HDS files please refer to Importing 3D Gridded Data on page 41 Note If the LST files were not generated after running the simulation it c
50. General 3D and 2D Viewers behave just like any other window For example you can Minimum Maximize or Close the viewer by clicking the appropriate button in the top right corner of the viewer Working with Viewers 97 You can Resize the viewer by clicking and dragging the sides and corners of the viewer to a desired size or Move the viewer within the Hydro GeoBuilder main window by clicking the title bar and dragging it to a new location Using Multiple Viewers Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to have multiple 2D and 3D Viewer windows opened and displayed at one time When a new viewer is opened it is added to the Viewer Bar located at the bottom of the main Hydro GeoBuilder Window You can change the current active viewer by clicking on a different viewer from the viewer bar 98 Chapter 5 Data Viewers Viewers can be Tiled horizontally or vertically shown below or Cascaded within the main Hydro GeoBuilder window These options help you organize multiple windows within the Hydro GeoBuilder window and can be accessed by clicking on Window from the main menu Displaying Data in Viewers 99 5 3 Displaying Data in Viewers The table below summarizes which data and conceptual model objects can be displayed in the 2D and 3D Viewers General To display data in a viewer select the check box beside the data object in the Data Explorer or Conceptual Model Explorer If multiple viewers are opened the data will be shown in the acti
51. ODFLOW 2000 or MODFLOW 2005 For Local Grid Refinement simulations use the provided MODFLOW LGR executable to run the model Import the simulation results back into Hydro GeoBuilder for visualizing heads path lines contour lines etc 1 2 Hydro GeoBuilder Installation 1 2 1 Hardware Requirements Hydro GeoBuilder requires the following minimum system configuration Pentium 4 600MHz 1GHz recommended 512 MB RAM 1GB or more recommended CD ROM drive 100 MB of free hard drive space 6 Chapter 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder Graphics card with 3D Graphics Accelerator Windows XP Pro SP3 32 Bit Windows XP Pro SP2 64 Bit Windows Vista Business Ultimate or Enterprise 32 Bit SP1 and 64 Bit Note Windows XP Home Windows Vista Home Premium Home Basic or Starter Versions are not supported Microsoft NET Framework v 3 0 installed provided with installation Note If you intend to build complex projects it is recommended that you upgrade to the recommended specifications in the above list If you have any problems with your particular system configuration please contact your system administrator or contact SWS technical support 1 2 2 Installing Hydro GeoBuilder Hydro GeoBuilder is distributed on one CD ROM To install please follow these directions Note For detailed installation instructions please refer to the Hydro GeoBuilder Getting Started Guide Place the CD into y
52. ODFLOW imports a MODFLOW data set the Initial Heads array is not automatically read into the Initial Heads property array Instead an HDS file is created using the file name format projectname VMP HDS You may specify this Initial Head file from the Run Menu under MODFLOW Initial Heads Please see Initial Heads section in the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual for more information on using the Previous Visual MODFLOW Run option Limitations of MODFLOW Data Import When importing MODFLOW models into Visual MODFLOW some settings may not be retained For a summary of the limitations of MODFLOW data import please see the section Limitations of MODFLOW data import in the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual Note When specifying the data set units Start Date Start Time Conductivity Pumping Rate Recharge be sure that the selected units match those specified in the Hydro GeoBuilder 13 3 Running MODFLOW LGR Simulation Currently Visual MODFLOW does not support MODFLOW LGR simulations However you can run the simulation using the USGS MODFLOW LGR executable This executable is copied to your computer during the Hydro GeoBuilder installation to the Hydro GeoBuilder installation directory To run a MODFLOW LGR simulation follow the steps below 1 Right click on the Window s start button and select Explore to open a new Window s Explorer window 2 Navigate to the Hydro GeoBuilder Program Files folder e g c Program
53. Points Polygons amp Polylines 77 Cross Sections 83 Wells 85 Surfaces 88 3D Gridded Data 90 5 Data Viewers 95 Opening a New 2D or 3D Viewer 95 Working with Viewers 96 Displaying Data in Viewers 99 Modifying Viewer Settings 100 Viewer Controls 104 Linking 2D Viewers with Attribute Tables 105 Ex
54. T3D VMOD 3D Explorer WinPEST Stream Routing Package Zone Budget MGO SAMG and PHT3D Applications include well head capture zone delineation pumping well optimization aquifer storage and recovery groundwater remediation design simulating natural attenuation and saltwater intrusion Hydro GeoAnalyst Hydro GeoAnalyst is an information management system for managing groundwater and environmental data Hydro GeoAnalyst combines numerous pre and post processing components into a single program Components include Project Wizard Universal Data Transfer System Template Manager Materials Specification Editor Query Builder QA QC Reporter Map Manager Cross Section Editor HGA 3D Explorer Borehole Log Plotter and Report Editor The seamless integration of these tools provide the means for compiling and normalizing field data analyzing and reporting subsurface data mapping and assessing spatial information and reporting site data AquiferTest Pro AquiferTest Pro designed for graphical analysis and reporting of pumping test and slug test data offers the tools necessary to calculate an aquifer s hydraulic properties such as hydraulic conductivity transmissivity and storativity AquiferTest Pro is versatile enough to consider confined aquifers unconfined aquifers leaky aquifers and fractured rock aquifers conditions Analysis results are displayed in report format or may be exported into graphical formats for use in presentations
55. The polygons reduce in area to include the new points and the area that is taken out from the existing polygons is called the borrowed area The interpolation algorithm calculates the interpolated value as the weighted average of the neighboring observations where the weights are proportional to the borrowed areas The Natural Neighbor method is valid only with the convex hull of the Thiessen polygon formed by the data points and values outside the hull extrapolation should be used with caution The Natural Neighbor interpolation scheme may be visualized as a taut rubber sheet stretched to satisfy all the data points The interpolated value at any location is a linear combination of all Natural Neighbors of that location and the resulting surface is continuous with a slope that is also continuous Combining the gradients or slopes with the linear interpolation provides results that are more smooth and may anticipate the peak and valleys between data Singularities and other undesirable effects may be lessened by incorporating the gradient factor The gradient influence on the results can be manipulated by two tautness parameters that you can enter These parameters allow the interpolated surface to vary from purely linear interpolation to one which is well rounded and has a gradient factor In all cases the slope discontinuities are removed and the resulting surface has slope continuity everywhere 114 Chapter 6 Creating Surfaces Defini
56. To create a new attribute click the Add a new attribute button When selected a new row will be added to the Data Mapping table In the Map_to column select the desired attribute field in the source data from the combo box Repeat for additional attributes You can delete a mapped attribute by selecting the row from the Data Mapping table and then clicking the Delete button For a description of the Unit Category Unit Multiplier and Data Type columns please refer to section Data Mapping on page 27 Click the Next button to continue The final step involves validation of the data being imported This step will ensure that the data set contains valid data for each of the mapped columns For SHP files please refer to Data Validation on page 29 for more information on the data validation step For DXF files the following dialog will show indicating the number of polylines that will be created from the source file 32 Chapter 3 Importing Data Click the Finish button to complete the polygon importing process Once imported a polyline data object will be added to the Data Explorer 3 3 Importing Polygons Polygons are closed shapes consisting of vertices line segments and have at least 3 sides Polygons can be used in Hydro GeoBuilder in the following ways To define the horizontal boundary of a conceptual model To define the geometry and attributes of horizontal boundary conditions e g rec
57. Transparent checkbox is selected use the adjacent slider bar to set the level of transparency Type Select the type of gradient to use for coloring the surface Select Stretched to use a continuous color gradient or select Classified to use discrete color zones Classes There are two options for defining the number of classes to be used Number of Classes and Equal Intervals Number of Classes Specify the number of color classes in the text box Equal Intervals Specify an interval spacing and the number of classes will be determined from the range of the attribute data For example if your data rage is 100 and you specify a 10 interval spacing 10 classes will be created As the number of intervals classes is modified rows are removed or added to the color table The maximum value will always be Red and the minimum value will always be Blue but the gradient between will change automatically depending on the specified number of classes Click the Apply button to view the changes in an active 2D or 3D Window 90 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Contour Lines The Contour Lines node provides options for showing contour lines on the surface layer The following options are available Show Contour Lines Show Hide the contour lines Show Contour Labels Show Hide the contour labels Number of Contours Specify the number of contours to display on the surface Contour Interval Set the contour increment value
58. User s Manual A flexible simulator independent hydrogeological modeling environment Hydro GeoBuilder Copyright Information 2009 Schlumberger Water Services All rights reserved No portion of the contents of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the express written permission of Schlumberger Water Services Printed in Canada 2009 Table of Contents ii Table of Contents 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder 1 Hydro GeoBuilder Features 2 Hydro GeoBuilder Installation 5 Hardware Requirements 5 Installing Hydro GeoBuilder 6 Uninstalling Hydro GeoBuilder 6 Licensing 7 Starting Hydro GeoBuilder 7 Hydro GeoBuilder Workflow
59. When this option is used Hydro GeoBuilder automatically calculates the number of contours used Line Style Select the contour line style from the combo box Choose between solid line or dashed line Line Width Set the width thickness of the contour lines Label Spacing Set the spacing between the contour line and the label Number of Decimals Set the number of decimals to show in the contour labels Label Font Select this button to specify the font settings for the contour labels Click the Apply button to view the changes in an active 2D or 3D Viewer 4 4 5 3D Gridded Data The following section describes the available style settings for 3D Gridded data objects Modifying Data Style Settings 91 To access the style settings right click on the surface data object in the Data Explorer and select Settings from the pop up menu Then in the Settings dialog expand the Style node to view the style settings For information on the settings available in the Vertices and Lines nodes please refer the Points Vertices on page 77 and Lines on page 80 respectively Cells The Cells node allows you to specify style settings for the grid cells The following options are available The Show Cell check box allows you to show hide the grid cells in the 3D gridded data object When the check box is selected you can choose how to show the cells in the Color combo box in the Fill Settings frame With the Specified o
60. a View data object meta data including the source file name field mappings and the native coordinate system View raw attribute data in a spreadsheet view Apply mathematical operations to data e g set an attribute as a constant value convert well tops to a points data object and convert HGA cross section model layers to a points data object Drape a raster image over a surface data object e g digital elevation models Set symbol properties for points polygons polylines and display labels using a variety of style options Color render shape features by attribute value using a classified or stretched color scheme Show contour lines and set color rendering options for surface layers Add remove and modify wells and associated well data including screens intervals diver observation points well tops well paths for horizontal only and pumping schedules Create surfaces from points data objects Using one or more points data objects generate surface layers using Hydro GeoBuilder Features 3 Inverse Distance Kriging or Natural Neighbor interpolation methods Configure the interpolation method by modifying various interpolation settings Clip the generated surface to the horizontal extents of a specified polygon data object Digitize new data objects using 2D Viewer Using the 2D Viewer editing tools digitize a new polyline polygon or points data object 2D amp 3D Visualization
61. a Objects Delete 56 Export 56 Data Operations 70 Arithmetic 71 Attribute 72 Cross Sections 74 Wells 74 Data Repository General 16 Data Settings General 62 Data Table 63 Data Viewers Export 105 General 95 Layer Ordering 100 Open 95 Define Pumping Well Boundary Condition 155 Defining Boundary Condition Parameters 165 Deformed Grid 178 Deformed Uniform Grid 179 Distance to Reservoir 148 Divide and Conquer 187 Drains Conductance 149 Drain Elevation 149 E Edit Geometry 107 Equal Intervals 83 89 Evaporation Rate per Unit Area 153 Evapotranspiration 151 Evapotranspiration rate 152 Export Data Objects 56 Extinction Depth 152 F Facets 164 Finite Element Mesh 184 G General Head 147 Conductance 147 General Head Average Conductivity 148 Georeferencing 48 Options 50 Global 164 Graticule 52 210 Index H Hardware Requirements 5 Horizon Types Base 121 Conformable 122 Discontinuity 121 Erosional 121 Horizons General 121 I Import 3D Gridded Data 41 Grid Origin 43 Grid Rotation 43 Import Cross Sections 44 General 44 Import Maps 46 Import Polygons 32 Import Polylines 30 Import Surfaces 33 Import Time Schedules 53 Absolute 54 Relative 54 Import VMOD data 57 Import Wells 34 Observation Points 38 Pumping Schedule 37 Screens 37 Well Heads Only 36 Well Tops 39 Import wells Well Path 40 Incremental 187 Installation 5 Interpolation Mode 52 Interpolation Settings 112 Interpretation Type 84 Inverse Distance 1
62. ale contamination within a regional aquifer where simulations of plume movement are of interest regions requiring detailed representation of heterogeneity as may be required to simulate faults lithologic displacements caused by faulting fractures thin lenses pinch outs of geologic units and so on Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to create up to 9 child grids within a single parent grid However you cannot create a child grid within a child grid and child grids cannot not overlap within a single parent grid For more information on the local grid refinement package please refer to MODFLOW 2005 The U S Geological Survey Modular Ground Water Model Documentation of Shared Node Local Grid Refinement LGR and the Boundary Flow and Head BFH Package by Steffen W Mehl and Mary C Hill U S Geological Survey There are two ways in which you can define a child grid within a numerical model grid When defining the parent grid check the Create Child Grid box in the Vertical Grid dialog and click the Next button After the parent grid has been defined right click on the numerical grid from the Conceptual Model tree and select Create Child Grid Horizontal Grid Refinement Horizontal child grid refinement involves specifying the location of the child grid within the parent grid and defining the row and column refinement ratio Creating a Finite Difference Grid 181 Tip You can add data objects e g boundaries wells s
63. allow you to create your own polygon polyline and point data objects This feature can be useful for digitizing boundary condition areas property zones or your conceptual model boundary To create a new polygon polyline or points data object follow the steps below In the Data Explorer right click and select Create New Data Object from the pop up menu The following dialog will display Select the data object type from the Layer Type combo box Enter a name for the data object in the Layer Name field Click the Ok button to create the new data object Once created the new data object will appear in the Data Explorer From here you can define the geometry of the data object using the 2D Viewer editing tools These tools are described in the following section Digitizing amp Editing Geometry in 2D Viewers 107 5 9 Digitizing amp Editing Geometry in 2D Viewers The 2D Viewer allows you to create and modify the geometry of points polylines and polygon data objects The process of drawing in a 2D Viewer is described below Open a 2D Viewer by selecting Window from the Hydro GeoBuilder main menu and then clicking New 2D Window Next display the data object that will be edited in the 2D Viewer Note You can have multiple data objects displayed in the viewer while you re editing drawing the data object However make sure that the data object being edited is the active one by selecting the data object
64. an existing control point by selecting the point from the table and then clicking the Edit button A dialog box will display prompting you to modify the control point coordinates You can also delete a control point from the control points table To do so select an existing control point from the grid and then click the Delete button Georeference Information Table The georeference information table displays information about the georeferenced image including the original image file name and path the original image size and coordinate type projected local or geographic It also displays information on the transformation such as the degree of rotation scale X Y shift and the output file name path and image size Adding Georeference Points In order to map pixels of the image to a coordinate system the image must have at least two georeference points with known world coordinates To set a georeference point 50 Chapter 3 Importing Data From the top toolbar click on the Add button Click on a map location where the world coordinates are known A georeference point window will appear prompting for the X and Y world coordinates of the selected location Enter the X and Y coordinates for this point Repeat this procedure for additional georeference points When you set a georeference point it is added to the Control Points Table You can improve the accuracy of the georeferencing by adding more than two
65. and selecting Spreadsheet Note Map and Cross Section data objects do not have a data table 64 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties The Attribute tab contains the attribute data of the selected data object Each column in the attribute tab represents an attribute The Geometry tab contains the geometry X Y Z values of the data object In both tabs the FID column uniquely identifies each feature in the data object To copy data to the Windows clipboard highlight the data to be copied and then click the Copy button or press CTRL C on your keyboard Tip When a data object is shown in 2D Viewer and the viewer is set to Pick Mode you can select a row from the attribute or geometry table and the corresponding feature will be highlighted in the 2D Viewer Modifying Attribute and Geometry Data Imported geometry and attribute data can be modified in the Data Table To make changes to data click the Begin Edit button to enter edit mode Make the necessary changes to the data table and once finished click the End Edit button to save the changes Please note that the data table only allows you to modify existing attribute and geometry data Currently Hydro GeoBuilder does not allow you to you to create new columns i e new data object attributes This can only be done during the data import process Viewing the Data Table 65 4 2 2 Well Table For Wells data objects the data table is different than that of other data o
66. around the world We develop each product to maximize productivity and minimize the complexities associated with groundwater and environmental projects To date we have over 14 000 registered software installations in more than 85 countries Need more information If you would like to contact us with comments or suggestions you can reach us at Schlumberger Water Services 460 Phillip Street Suite 101 Waterloo Ontario CANADA N2L 5J2 Phone 1 519 746 1798 Fax 1 519 885 5262 General Inquiries sws info slb com Web www swstechnology com www water slb com Obtaining Technical Support To help us handle your technical support questions as quickly as possible please have the following information ready before you call or include it in a detailed technical support e mail A complete description of the problem including a summary of key strokes and program event or a screen capture showing the error message where applicable Product name and version number Product serial number Computer make and model number Operating system and version number Total free RAM Number of free bytes on your hard disk Software installation directory Directory location for your current project files You may send us your questions via e mail fax or call one of our technical support specialists Please allow up to two business days for a response Technical support is available 8 00 am to 5 00
67. art Selection button A new combo box called Selector will be added to the bottom of the interactive 3D Viewer indicated below From the Selector combo box select one of the following options Global Select all sides around the entire simulation domain Horizontal Select the area s between two horizons around the entire simulation domain Vertical Select an area s between two edges spanning the entire height of the simulation domain Facets Select the area s that are bounded on the sides by edges of the simulation domain and bounded at the top bottom by horizons Defining a New Boundary Condition 165 Using your mouse click on the simulation domain in the 3D Viewer and select the appropriate sides for the boundary condition When a side is selected it will become highlighted Tip You can select multiple sides by holding down the CTRL on your keyboard Once the sides have been highlighted click the Done Selection button to save the selections Repeat the steps above to create additional zones Defining Boundary Condition Parameters Note Parameter values must be entered in the units defined in the project settings To read more about the project settings please see Units on page 18 Vertical Horizontal Facets Global 166 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Once the geometry has been defined see previous sections the next step is to define the boundary condition paramet
68. ate the simulation model domain Once the simulation model domain is generated you can assign appropriate boundary conditions to the top bottom intermediate layers or sides of the simulation domain By default the boundaries of the simulation domain are assigned a no flow boundary condition For more information on assigning boundary conditions to the simulation model domain please see Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling This chapter describes the process of creating the simulation model domain 10 1 Creating the Simulation Model Domain To create a new simulation domain follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model Tree right click on the Simulation Domain folder and select Generate Default Simulation Domain from the pop up menu 140 Chapter 10 Simulation Model Domain Once the simulation model domain is generated a subnode called Model Domain is created under the Simulation Domain folder in the Conceptual Model Tree shown below The Model Domain node allows you to view the simulation model domain as a 3D object in a 3D Viewer by selecting the adjacent check box Right clicking on the Model Domain node allows you to view the Settings of the simulation model domain see Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties and create Numerical Model Grids see Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization Below the Model Domain node is another subfolder called Boundary Conditions This folder allows you to assign various boundary conditi
69. ation on Hydro GeoBuilder viewers please see Data Viewers on page 95 12 Chapter 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder 1 4 3 Selecting Data Objects Many wizards and dialog boxes in Hydro GeoBuilder require you to select data objects from the Data Explorer or Conceptual Model Explorer e g when defining horizons creating property zones and assigning attributes to boundary conditions When you see a Blue Arrow located next to an input field in a dialog box or a wizard this means that a data object selection is required Simply click the appropriate data object from the Data Explorer or Conceptual Model Explorer and then click the Blue Arrow button to insert the data object into the input field 1 5 Hydro GeoBuilder On Line Help The Hydro GeoBuilder online help includes full color screen captures and illustrations which are black and white in this User s Manual The information of interest can be viewed at all stages of the modeling project The online help can be access by selecting Help Help Topics from the top menu bar or by clicking the button from the top tool bar Moreover most dialog boxes and windows contain a Help button that when clicked will open the relevant section of the online help The On line help window shown below is divided into three main areas A Navigation Frame on the left display the Contents Index Search and Favorites tabs A Toolbar across the top displays a set of buttons to help
70. ays on page 101 Modifying Data Style Settings 79 Area Select the Show Area Fill check box to show hide the area file If unchecked only the shape boundary will be visible in 2D and 3D Viewers Select the color method and fill pattern symbology from the appropriate combo boxes Choose from the following color methods Specified Shape is colored using the color specified in the General node By Attribute Shape is colored based on an attribute See Color By Attribute on page 82 for more information on color rendering Custom Specify a color for the area fill This color will overwrite the default color defined in the general settings for this particular shape element Select the Transparent checkbox to make the polygon fill pattern transparent Use the adjacent Transparency text box to set the level of transparency e g a higher value will make the fill more transparent The Show in Cutaway check box allows you to show areas the polygon in cutaway regions in the 3D Viewer window When this option is disabled the polygon will not show in any areas that have been hidden in the 3D Viewer window by creating Cutaways For information on creating cutaways please see Creating Cutaways on page 101 80 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Lines Select the Color method line Pattern solid or dash line Width from the appropriate combo boxes Choose from the following color methods
71. ber and type of interpretations in the source data are shown e g Model Geology and HydroGeology Click the Finish button to import the cross section data Upon importing a new cross section data object will be added to the Data Explorer 3 8 Importing Maps Site maps of the model region such as aerial photographs topographic maps and satellite imagery are often useful for gaining a perspective of the dimensions of the model and for locating important characteristics of the model Although maps do not contain any specific data used in the calculations and the presence of a map does not influence the results of the simulation they are useful for enhancing visualization of the model Hydro GeoBuilder supports the following raster graphics file types BMP Bitmap TIF Tagged Image Format JPG JPEG Interchange Format Note When a raster image is imported into Hydro GeoBuilder the source file is copied and saved in the project s data repository folder As such the original file may be modified moved or deleted without affecting the imported raster image Importing Maps 47 To import a map into Hydro GeoBuilder follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu Select Map from the Data Type drop down list Click the button and locate the source file Enter a Name and a Description for the data and click Next to continue Nex
72. bjects The Well data table is designed to allow you to add and or modify wells and associated well data e g pumping schedule screen intervals observation points etc To access the well table right click on a Wells data object in the Data Explorer and select Settings In the Settings dialog click on the Table button In the Well Table there are two tabs Vertical and Horizontal Each tab is described in the following sections Vertical Wells The Vertical tab allows you to view and modify data for vertical wells The Well Heads table contains a list of all the wells in the data object The data stored in this table includes the Name X Y coordinates Elevation and Depth for each well When a well is selected its corresponding attribute data is displayed in the adjacent data tables e g Screens Pumping Schedule You can search for a well in the Well Heads table by entering the well name in the text box located at the top of the window and then clicking the Find button The Data to Display list box allows you to select which tables to display For example if Screens is selected default the Screens and Pumping Schedule tables will be shown If Divers is selected the Observation Points and Observation Data tables are shown If Well Tops is selected the Well Tops table will be shown The Display Format frame allows you express the Z values in the data tables as either an Elevation or a Measured Depth with respect to the
73. boundaries of the conceptual model e g recharge river lake specified head etc For more information on defining boundary conditions please see Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling When a new conceptual model is created a new conceptual model tree is added to the Conceptual Model Explorer in the main Hydro GeoBuilder window The conceptual model tree consists of a fixed folder structure that is designed to guide you through the workflow of building your conceptual model This chapter presents information on the following topics Creating a New Conceptual Model Conceptual Model Settings Conceptual Model Tree Deleting a Conceptual Model 118 Chapter 7 Creating a Conceptual Model 7 1 Creating a New Conceptual Model To create a new conceptual model follow the steps below From the Hydro GeoBuilder main menu select File gt New gt Conceptual Model The Create New Conceptual Model dialog box will launch shown below where you can define the settings for the conceptual model Enter a unique name for the conceptual model in the Name field Enter a description of the conceptual model in the Description field optional Specify a start date from the Start Date combo box From the Data Explorer select the polygon data object that represents the conceptual model horizontal boundary and then click the button Note The model area cannot be defined using a complex polygon or one that contain
74. by which the property zone geometry will be defined There are two options Use Structural Zone s and Use Polygon Data Object Selecting a Method for Defining Property Zones Using Structural Zone s This method allows you to create a property zone from existing structural zones in your conceptual model i e zones generated from horizons Select a zone from the conceptual model tree under the Zones node and then click the button to insert the zone in the Structural Zones field Click the Add button to add and combine structural zones To delete a structural zone from the grid select the structural zone and click the Delete button Once the desired structural zones are selected click the Next button to proceed to the next step which is described in Assigning Property Parameters on page 132 Using Polygon Data Object This method allows you to define a property zone using both a structural zone and a polygon data object The polygon data object is used to define the horizontal extent of the property zone and therefore must be fully contained within the conceptual model boundary The structural zone is used to define the volume i e the vertical extent of the property zone 132 Chapter 9 Property Modeling Select a polygon data object from the Data Explorer and click the button to insert the data object in the Select Polygon Data field Note The selected polygon cannot contain multiple parts overlapping shapes or
75. cant time to import To improve importing and viewing performance select the Import a reduced grid size option and specify a value in the Import every nth node box For example if a value of 2 is defined then Hydro GeoBuilder will only display every other node in the 3D grid Next select the appropriate Data Category Unit and Data Type for each of the mapped attributes The final dialog in the import process for 3D Gridded shows the grid dimensions of the source data 44 Chapter 3 Importing Data The Source Dimensions frame displays the Number of Rows Number of Layers Number of Columns and Number of Time Steps in the source data Finally click the Finish button to import the 3D Gridded data 3 7 Importing Cross Sections Hydro GeoBuilder is capable of importing 3D cross sections generated by Hydro GeoAnalyst HGA data management software For information on how to create 3D cross section in HGA please refer to the HGA User s Manual For HGA product information please visit our website www swstechnology com or contact your Schlumberger Water Services sales representative Importing Cross Sections 45 When a cross section is created in HGA s 3D Explorer a file 3XS is saved in the v3D folder located in the HGA project folder By default the location of this folder is C Program Files HGAnalyst Projects Project Name v3D A 3XS file contains information on the wells and layers of each cross sec
76. ck the OK button 172 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Use Default Leakance The Use Default Leakance option is used to calculated the leakance value for River Drain Lake and General Head boundary conditions using a mathematical expression containing array variables see the section Using Mathematical Formulas and Array Variables in the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual for more information If the Use Default Leakance option is selected the leakance value will be calculated using a default formula associated with each boundary condition type If this option is not selected a leakance value will need to be entered manually The advantage of using the default leakance formula to calculate the leakance value for the group of grid cells is that each grid cell will be assigned a leakance value proportional to the size of the grid cell 11 3 Modifying Boundary Conditions To view and modify parameter attributes for existing boundary conditions follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model tree right click on the desired boundary condition and select Edit Boundary Condition from the pop up menu The Edit Boundary Condition dialog box will display on your screen allowing you modify the input parameters for the boundary condition For more information on defining parameter attributes please refer to Defining Boundary Condition Parameters on page 165 Deleting Boundary Conditions 173 Once modifications have b
77. common to other data objects and are described in the section General on page 63 9 4 Deleting a Property Zone To delete a property zone follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model tree expand the Properties node and the desired property category node Right click on the property zone and select Delete from the pop up menu A confirmation message will display on your screen Click the Yes button to confirm and delete the property zone Note This operation cannot be undone Deleting a Property Zone 137 138 Chapter 9 Property Modeling Creating the Simulation Model Domain 139 10 Simulation Model Domain The Simulation Model Domain is the total area and volume of the conceptual model from which the numerical model will be generated Its horizontal boundaries are defined using the conceptual model domain boundary and its vertical boundaries are defined using the upper most and lower most horizons The simulation model domain can only be generated after you have created the appropriate horizons and structural zones for the conceptual model see Chapter 8 Defining Horizons Note Once the simulation model domain is generated any changes made to the model horizons and structural zones will not be reflected in the simulation model domain numerical model If changes to the structural model is required after the simulation model domain has been created you must create a new conceptual model and regener
78. condition is not supported for finite element translation The evapotranspiration boundary condition simulates the effects of plant transpiration direct evaporation and seepage at the ground surface by removing water from the saturated groundwater regime The evapotranspiration boundary approach is based on the following assumptions When the water table is at or above the ground surface top of layer 1 evapotranspiration loss from the water table occurs at the maximum rate specified by the user When the elevation of the water table is below the extinction depth or is beneath layer 1 evapotranspiration from the water table is negligible 152 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Between these limits evapotranspiration from the water table varies linearly with water table elevation Required Data The Evapotranspiration Package requires the following information Evapotranspiration rate The rate of evapotranspiration as it occurs when the water table elevation is equal to the top of the grid cell elevation This value should be entered in the units set for recharge as defined in the Project Settings Extinction Depth The depth below the top of grid cell elevation where the evapotranspiration rate is negligible Supported Geometry The geometry for Evapotranspiration boundary conditions can be specified using the following data objects Polygon 11 1 8 Lake For finite difference models Hydro GeoBuilde
79. conductivity near the drain distribution of fill material number and size of the drain pipe openings the amount of clogging materials and the hydraulic conductivity of clogging materials It is common to calculate drain leakance from measured values of flow rate and head difference Drain leakance value is usually adjusted during model calibration When a polyline is used to define the boundary condition geometry the default formula for the leakance is as follows When a polygon is used to define the boundary condition geometry the default leakance formula is as follows where COND is the Leakance RCHLNG is the reach length of the drain in each grid cell LCOND is the Leakance per unit length of the drain in each grid cell SCOND is the Leakance per unit area of the drain in each grid cell DX is the length of each grid cell in the X direction DY is the length of each grid cell in the Y direction If the Use default leakance option is turned off the fields used for calculating the Drain Leakance value Leakance per unit length or area are removed from the table and the Leakance field becomes a read write field where any value may be entered Supported Geometry The geometry for General Head boundary conditions can be specified using the following data objects Polygon Polyline COND RCHLNG LCOND COND DX DY SCOND Boundary Conditions Overview 151 11 1 6 Rechar
80. d 143 River 144 General Head 146 Drain 149 v Table of Contents Recharge 151 Evapotranspiration 151 Lake 152 Specified Flux 154 Defining a New Boundary Condition 155 Defining a Pumping Well Boundary Condition 155 Defining Other Boundary Conditions 158 Modifying Boundary Conditions 172
81. d along the right side of the viewer window The controls for both 2D and 3D Viewers are described below View Mode The default mode Allows you to zoom rotate and pan the displayed data objects Pick Mode 2D Viewer Only Allows you to select individual data object elements currently displayed in the viewer When in Pick Mode the Edit button will be shown in the sidebar allowing you to edit the selected data object element For more information on editing data objects please see see Digitizing amp Editing Geometry in 2D Viewers on page 107 Rotate Allows you to rotate the displayed data objects using your mouse Click and hold on the displayed data and move the mouse in a direction to rotate the data Move Pan Allows you to move pan the displayed data objects in the viewer Zoom In Allows you to zoom in on the displayed data objects Zoom Out Allows you to zoom out of the displayed data objects Zoom Into box Use the mouse cursor to draw a box around an area of interest and automatically zoom into this area Linking 2D Viewers with Attribute Tables 105 5 6 Linking 2D Viewers with Attribute Tables The 2D Viewer can be linked with the spreadsheet table such that when a polyline polygon or point feature is selected in the 2D viewer its corresponding attribute data is automatically highlighted in the spreadsheet table Likewise when an attribute row is selected in the spreadsheet table its corresponding featur
82. ded data object on a surface or points data object This procedure is described below This operation can be accessed from the Settings dialog Select the surface or points data object in the Data Explorer right click and then select Settings Once the Settings dialog launches expand the Operations node and select Attribute from the settings tree Select Create new Attribute from the Select Operation combo box Select the 3D Gridded data object from the Data Explorer and select the button to insert the data object into the dataObject field Once the 3D Gridded data object is selected its available attributes are populated in the Attribute combo box Select the desired attribute from the Combo box Optional Select the Save As New Data Object check box to save the transformed data as a new data object Click the Execute button to apply the operation Once the operation is applied you can confirm that the new attribute was created by viewing the table view for the selected surface or points data object 74 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties 4 3 3 Converting Model Layers to Points Data Object For Cross Section data objects only This operation allows you to create a new points data object for each model layer interpretation from all cross sections in the data object that include this interpretation Once the points data objects are created you can then create surface data objects which can then be used
83. displayed in 2D and 3D Viewers Click the color box to select a new color for the data object Description The description of the data object as defined during import This field is editable allowing you to update the description at any time Table Button The table button allows you to view the geometry and attributes of the data object in a table view For more information on the table view please see Viewing the Data Table on page 63 Viewing the Data Table 63 Details The Details node contains information on the coordinate system of the data object and the field mappings specified during import Statistics The Statistics node displays a count summary of the various data elements that comprise the data object For example for polygon data objects the statistics node will show the number of polygons polygon parts and vertices in the data object For cross section data objects the number of wells and cross sections is displayed For Property and Structural Zone conceptual model objects various statistics are automatically calculated and displayed under the statistics nodes including Min and Max X Y and Z values Area and Volume 4 2 Viewing the Data Table 4 2 1 General The data table allows you to view the geometry and attribute values of a data object The data table can be accessed from the General settings in the Settings dialog or it can be launched by right clicking on the data object in the Data Explorer
84. e highlighted red in the Mapped Data Preview table and cannot be used in defining the pumping well boundary condition For information on defining well data i e screens pumping schedules please see Well Table on page 65 To omit any invalid wells from the boundary condition simply click the Ignore Records with Warnings check box and then click the Next button to continue The next and last dialog allows you to preview the pumping well data before creating the pumping well boundary condition Select a well from the Well Details table and the corresponding pumping schedule and screen details will appear in the adjacent tables Click the Finish button to finalize the pumping well boundary condition Hydro GeoBuilder will then add the boundary condition under the Boundary Condition node in the Conceptual Model tree 158 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling 11 2 2 Defining Other Boundary Conditions This section describes the workflow for creating the following boundary conditions Specified Head River General Head Drain Recharge Evapotranspiration Lake Specified Flux Note For information on creating a Well boundary condition please see Defining a Pumping Well Boundary Condition on page 155 To create a boundary condition follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model tree right click on the Boundary Condition Container node and select Add New Boundary Condition
85. e is highlighted in the active 2D Viewer In order to have this bidirectional linking between viewer and spreadsheet table the 2D Viewer must be in Pick mode and the spreadsheet table must be opened Tip Data object spreadsheet tables can be viewed by right clicking on the data object in the Data Explorer and selecting Spreadsheet from the pop up menu 2D Viewers can be set to pick mode by selecting the Pick Mode button from the viewer sidebar 5 7 Exporting Viewers To export a 2D Viewer to a graphics file e g BMP TIF GIF JPEG follow the steps below Right click anywhere within the viewer Select Export Current View to Image from the pop up menu A Save As window will display allowing to you specify the location on your computer where the graphics file will be saved To export a 3D Viewer to a graphics files follow the steps below Right click anywhere within the viewer 106 Chapter 5 Data Viewers Select Save as image from the pop up menu The following dialog box will display on your screen Select the desired image size from the Image Size combo box If you select Custom then specify the desired image dimensions in the Height and Width combo boxes Click the button and specify a folder location on your computer to save the image file Click the Ok button to save the image 5 8 Creating a New Data Object The 2D Viewer provides interactive drawing tools which
86. e less than the default number generated by Triangle i e the number generated if this option is disabled Minimum Angle For the Constrained Conforming triangulation method a minimum angle can be specified The specified angle will replace the default bound on the minimum angle 20 degrees The specified angle may include a decimal point but cannot be expressed in exponential notation Table 1 Delaunay Triangulation Methods L switch Method Description Constrained Triangulation in which each segment appears as a single edge in the triangulation As such segments are not subdivided and new vertices are not added to the vertex set A constrained Delaunay triangulation is not truly a Delaunay triangulation because some of its triangles might not be delaunay Constrained Conforming Triangulation in which triangles are constrained delaunay however additional vertices may be added to the vertex set and segments may be subdivided to ensure a user defined Minimum Angle constraint is satisfied If a minimum angle is not specified vertices are added to ensure all angles are between 20 and 140 degrees Conforming Triangulation in which each triangle is truly delaunay and not just constrained delaunay Additional vertices may be added to the vertex set to enforce the delaunay property 188 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization Refinement Options Edges of triangles along model boundary should have approx length Use this
87. e placed from the line 82 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Interval To be updated Location along the line Display the label at the start in the middle or at the end of the line Orientation to the line Display the label parallel perpendicular or horizontal to the line Color By Attribute Data objects can be colored based on a specified attribute Color rendering can be applied to any shape element that contains attributes To color a data object by attribute follow the steps below In the properties dialog expand the Style node and select the shape element to be colored e g line From the Color combo box select the ByAttribute option From the Settings tree select the Colors node Select the desired attribute from the Attribute combo box You will notice that the min and max values are displayed to the right of the combo box Select the color template from the Category combo box Note Currently Hydro GeoBuilder only supports the Elevation color template In future releases additional color templates will be available for you to choose from For the Elevation color template you can define various settings These settings are described below Modifying Data Style Settings 83 Type Select between Stretched or Classified The stretched option allows for color shading i e continuous color gradient The classified option allows for discrete intervals i e zebra in the color gradient
88. ects Modify data object settings and properties Display data in 3D or 2D Viewers Export data to SHP or CSV file Create surfaces from points Create folders Main Menu Main Toolbar Data Explorer Conceptual Model Explorer 2D 3D Viewer Space Hydro GeoBuilder User Interface 11 Conceptual Model Explorer When a new conceptual model is created this space contains the conceptual model tree From the conceptual model tree you can perform various tasks including Create horizons and structural zones Property modeling Create the simulation domain Define various boundary conditions Create numerical models Translate conceptual model to a numerical model View conceptual model data in 2D and 3D Viewers 2D 3D Viewer Space This space contains all opened 2D or 3D Viewers 1 4 2 Viewer Types Hydro GeoBuilder supports two types of interactive viewers 3D Viewer and 2D Viewer The 3D Viewer is based on OpenGL technology allowing you to visualize graphically rich representations of your groundwater model from an oblique perspective The 2D Viewer allows you to view your data from a planar perspective and provides various tools for editing and drawing data objects Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to have multiple viewers opened and displayed simultaneously Both viewers can be launched by clicking on Window from the main menu and then selecting New 2D Window or New 3D Window For more inform
89. ed constant value When this method is selected default simply enter the desired attribute value in the Data Entry Grid Note The values for each constant value attribute should be entered in the same units as defined in the Project Settings From 3D Gridded Data This method allows you to use spatially variable attributes from a 3D Gridded data object for defining a boundary condition attribute When this method is selected the Use 3D Gridded Data button will become active When selected the 3D Gridded Data dialog will launch shown below From the Data Explorer select the desired 3D Gridded data object and then click the button to insert it into the Select 3D Gridded Data Object field Once selected the data object s attributes are listed in the combo box below Select the desired attribute from the combo box and then click the OK button to close the dialog box Note The specified 3D Gridded data object must horizontally and vertically overlap the defined property zone geometry or else the data object cannot be used From Shapefile The method allows you to use Shapefile attributes for defining boundary condition attributes When this method is selected click the Use Shapefile button to launch the Shapefile dialog shown below Defining a New Boundary Condition 171 The combo box contains all the attributes of the specified polygon used to define the horizontal geometry of the boundary condition Select the desired a
90. ed horizons 4 Chapter 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder Property Modeling Create property zones from imported or digitized polygon data objects or from from generated structural zones Assign property values for conductivity storage and initial heads using various methods Use a constant value Map to imported polygon shapefile attributes Map to imported 3D Gridded data attributes Use surface data object Boundary Modeling Automatically generate the simulation domain using the boundaries defined for the conceptual model Apply boundary conditions to the top bottom sides or an intermediate layer of the simulation model domain Support for the following boundary conditions Pumping Wells Specified Head River General Head Drain Recharge Evapotranspiration Lake Specified Flux For linear boundary conditions define local zones from line segments using an interactive 2D Viewer window For linear boundary conditions define parameters at start end or intermediate vertices along a line and interpolate values between each vertex Set each boundary condition parameter as static or transient Define boundary condition parameters using one or more of the following methods Use a constant value Map to imported shapefile attributes Use a surface data object Use a time schedule data object for transient boundary conditions Use attribut
91. een made to the input parameters click the Finish button to save the changes 11 4 Deleting Boundary Conditions To delete a boundary condition follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model tree right click on the desired boundary condition and select Delete from the pop up menu You will prompted with a confirmation message Click the Yes button to delete the boundary condition Note Please be aware that there is no undo function to recover a deleted boundary condition Please exercise caution when deleting boundary conditions 174 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Creating a Finite Difference Grid 175 12 Model Domain Discretization Once you have created your conceptual model and have generated the simulation domain you can discretize your model using either the finite difference method or the finite element method The finite difference method involves fitting your conceptual model to a finite difference grid Once translated your model can then be opened and simulated in Visual MODFLOW The finite element method involves fitting your conceptual model to a finite element mesh Once translated your model can be opened and simulated using FEFLOW This chapter contains information on the following topics Creating a Finite Difference Grid Creating a Finite Difference Grid Defining the Horizontal Grid Defining the Vertical Grid Editing a Finite Difference Grid Deleting a Numerical Grid
92. el layer in the simulation domain There are two options for defining the refinement ratio Select Globally for all layers to assign a single refinement ratio to all layers Alternatively select Specify each layer to assign a refinement ratio layer by layer Note Although the top layer must be the start layer vertical refinement does not have to start at the top Assign a refinement ratio of 1 1 to the top layer and it will not be refined Click the Finish button to create the child grid 12 2 Editing a Finite Difference Grid When a numerical grid is initially created see Creating a Finite Difference Grid on page 175 the horizontal grid spacing is uniform However in many situations it is advantageous to have non uniform grid spacing to allow for finer grid discretization in the areas of interest and larger grid spacing in areas which are less important or where less data is available Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to refine or coarsen areas of a numerical grid by adding or removing grid lines within a specified row column interval This process is described in the following section Note You cannot refine coarsen areas of a grid that overlap a child grid It is recommended that you refine coarsen the parent grid before creating a child grid To edit the grid lines in a numerical grid follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model Tree right click on the Numerical Grid and select Edit from the pop up menu Edi
93. elow 50 percent of its original size Bicubic Bicubic interpolation No prefiltering is done This mode is not suitable for shrinking an image below 25 percent of its original size NearestNeighbor Nearest neighbor interpolation HighQualityBilinear Specifies high quality bilinear interpolation Prefiltering is performed to ensure high quality shrinking HighQualityBicubic High quality bicubic interpolation Prefiltering is performed to ensure high quality shrinking This mode produces the highest quality transformed images Graticule Tab The graticule tab provides display options for the preview graticule These settings are described below Padding Space Controls the amount of buffer space between the edge of the preview window display and the labels on the axis It may be necessary to increase this value when the X and Y coordinates contain many digits Line Style Select from various line styles e g solid dashed etc Line Color Set the color of the graticule lines Importing Time Schedules 53 Back color Set the background color of the graticule Major mark width Set the width of the major mark ticks Minor tick distance Set the distance between minor ticks Auto Interval Automatically calculates the distance between graticule lines Interval If Auto Interval is not selected set the distance between graticule lines Mark Settings Controls the axis labels For each axis you can set the visible statu
94. ement models Hydro GeoBuilder will generate the FEM problem file for loading into FEFLOW This chapter walks you through the steps involved in translating a conceptual model to a numerical model and includes information on the following topics Translating a Conceptual Model to a Numerical Model Defining Simulation Settings Choosing Boundary Condition Packages Importing into Visual MODFLOW Importing Initial Heads from a MODFLOW Model Limitations of MODFLOW Data Import Running MODFLOW LGR Simulation 13 1 Translating a Conceptual Model to a Numerical Model 13 1 1 Translating to MODFLOW To translate your conceptual model to a numerical model follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model tree right click on the desired conceptual model and select Translate to Numerical Model from the pop up menu 194 Chapter 13 Translating to Numerical Model The translation wizard will launch where you can define the simulation settings These settings are described in the following section Defining Simulation Settings Output Name Click the button and specify the output name and directory for the NAM file that is created during translation The NAM file is an ASCII file containing a list of the input and output data files for the model and their location folder and path name on the computer This file is required for importing your model into Visual MODFLOW Translating a Conceptual Model
95. eps column is used to define the number of time steps in each stress period By default each stress period is divided into 10 steps The multiplier column is used to increment each time step size i e it is the ratio of the value of each time step to that of 198 Chapter 13 Translating to Numerical Model the preceding time step The default value is 1 2 A time step Multiplier value greater than 1 will produce smaller time steps at the beginning of a stress period resulting in a better representation of the changes of the transient flow field Thus increasing the number of time steps in a simulation may result in smoother head or drawdown versus time curves The Steady State column indicates if the stress period is transient or steady state MODFLOW allows individual stress periods in a single simulation to be either transient or steady state instead of requiring the entire simulation to be either steady state or transient Steady state and transient stress periods can occur in any order Commonly the first stress period may be run as steady state to produce a solution that is used as the initial condition for subsequent transient stress periods Click the Next button to translate the model to the numerical model While the model is being translated the log details are displayed in the dialog box shown above Once the translation is finished click the Next button to close the dialog box 13 1 2 Translating to FEFLOW To translate a
96. equirements The pumping well must be located within the simulation domain A screen must be defined for the pumping well A pumping schedule must be defined for the pumping well For information on importing well data please see Importing Wells on page 34 For information on defining well data for existing wells data objects please see Well Table on page 65 11 1 2 Specified Head Currently this boundary condition is only supported for Finite Difference Model translation The Specified Head boundary condition also known as Constant Head in Visual MODFLOW is used to fix the head value in selected grid cells regardless of the system conditions in the surrounding grid cells thus acting as an infinite source of water entering the system or as an infinite sink for water leaving the system Therefore specified head boundary conditions can have a significant influence on the results of a simulation and may lead to unrealistic predictions particularly when used in locations close to the area of interest During translation Hydro GeoBuilder uses the Time Variant Specified Head Package provided with MODFLOW The MODFLOW input data for Specified Head cells is stored in projectname CHD file Unlike most other transient MODFLOW boundary condition packages the Specified Head package allows the specified heads to be linearly interpolated in time between the beginning and end of each stress period such that the specified
97. er using the combo boxes in the Unit Settings grid Each of the parameters provides a selection of both Imperial units and SI units With Hydro GeoBuilder the units do not need to be consistent between SI and Imperial such that a model may have hydraulic conductivity values assigned in units of cm sec and well pumping rates in U S GPM or GPD During data import see Chapter 3 Importing Data if the specified units of the data being imported are different than those specified in the Unit Settings Hydro GeoBuilder will automatically convert the imported values to be expressed in the default project units 2 2 Modifying Project Settings Once your project has been created you may modify the project settings From the main menu go to Project gt Project Settings The Project Settings dialog contains the following tabs Project Information Project Coordinates Units and Property Parameters Each tab is described below Project Information The Project Information tab shown above allows you to modify the project Description The Project Name and Data Repository cannot be modified Modifying Project Settings 19 Project Coordinate The Project Coordinate tab allows you to view the coordinate system and datum of the project This information is read only and cannot be modified Units The Units tab allows you to view and modify the default project units 20 Chapter 2 Project Management Warning Changing the default
98. ers Although each boundary condition type requires a different set of parameters the data input windows each have similar features and functionality For information on required parameters for each boundary condition please see the appropriate heading under Boundary Conditions Overview on page 142 A typical boundary condition data input window is shown below Select the Method for Defining Attributes Polylines Only For polylines there are two ways in which you can assign attributes to the boundary condition geometry Define for the entire zone default This option allows you to assign boundary condition data to the entire zone Define values at vertices This option allows you to assign boundary condition data to the vertices along the zone line and then during translation linear interpolation is used to determine the parameters for the cells that fall between the specified vertices With this method there are two options Define Start and End Points This option allows you to define the attribute value only at the first and last vertex of a zone All Vertices This option allows you to define attribute values for each vertex in a zone first last and all intermediate vertices Linear Interpolation Explained When the Define values at vertices option is selected two sets of boundary condition data are required one set for the grid cell at the Start Point of the line or line segment and one set for the
99. es from 3D Gridded data objects Model Discretization Discretize your model using the finite difference method or the finite element method When working with finite difference grids Hydro GeoBuilder Installation 5 Specify the number of rows and columns grid origin and the angle of rotation Choose from the following finite difference grid types Deformed Uniform Deformed Uniform Perform horizontal grid refinement coarsening within a user defined row column interval Define a child grid within a numerical grid for running Local Grid Refinement LGR simulations using the MODFLOW LGR package When working with finite elements meshes Use imported shape data objects to define the superelement mesh Choose from various Delaunay triangulation methods including constrained and conforming Refine areas of the mesh using digitized or imported polygon shapes Fit the mesh to your model domain using deformed or semi uniform vertical slices Numerical Modeling Once the simulation model domain has been defined translate the conceptual objects to the simulation model grid and create the necessary MODFLOW input files Support for MODFLOW 2000 MODFLOW 2005 and MODFLOW LGR packages Translate property input using MODFLOW BCF or LPF packages Select which boundary condition packages to translate Import the generated MODFLOW files into Visual MODFLOW and run the simulation using M
100. ess see Importing Polylines on page 30 For information on how to export GIS data from Visual MODFLOW please refer to the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual Importing Head Contours Head contours can be viewed in Hydro GeoBuilder by first exporting the output head contours to a shapefile in Visual MODFLOW and then importing the shapefile into Hydro GeoBuilder using the Import Polyline import process see Importing Polylines on page 30 206 Chapter 13 Translating to Numerical Model For information on how to export GIS data from Visual MODFLOW please refer to the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual 207 Appendix A Supported Data Types Data Type Supported File Types Description How can it be used in Hydro GeoBuilder Points XLS MDB DXF TXT CSV ASC Discrete data points with known attribute s e g X Y elevation top bottoms of formations Kx Initial Heads Interpolate the points to generate surfaces which can be used for defining conceptual model horizons or distributed parameter values such as Kx Initial Heads Recharge etc Polygons 2D 3D ESRI Shapefile AutoCAD DXF GIS vector files containing polygon geometry and attributes Use to define the conceptual model domain Use to delineate property zones Use to define geometry of aerial boundary conditions e g lake recharge specified head Polylines 2D 3D ESRI Shapefile AutoCAD DXF GIS vector files containing
101. ew the source data before importing and choose a subset of the source data e g a worksheet of an excel file Select which Excel worksheet to import from the Select Worksheet drop down list Also you can choose which row to import from using the From Row text field The next step involves selecting the type of time data used in the source file Time River Stage 11 01 2008 16 18 11 15 2008 16 01 12 01 2008 16 12 12 15 2008 16 29 etc Time days River Stage 0 16 18 15 16 01 30 16 12 45 16 29 etc Importing Time Schedules 55 If the time values are expressed in relative time select the Relative option and specify the starting date and time from the combo boxes If the time values are expressed in absolute time select the Absolute option Click the Next button to continue The next step involves data mapping and creating attributes The required target fields will vary depending on which option was selected in the previous step e g Absolute or Relative If you selected Absolute the required target field will be Start Date and Time and if you selected Relative the required target field will be Relative Time Map the time field in your source data to the required target field 56 Chapter 3 Importing Data Next create a new attribute and map any associated parameter e g recharge in the source data to the new attribute If necessary repeat for additional parameters in the
102. exported and then imported into Hydro GeoBuilder to assist with interpreting your results or designing conceptual models from your VMOD models For information on how to import output elements from a VMOD model into Hydro GeoBuilder please refer to Viewing Results in Hydro GeoBuilder on page 205 Numerical Grid To view the numerical grid a full 3D Object in Hydro GeoBuilder From VMOD select Input gt Grid Select File gt Export gt Data Select TecPLOT DAT format and enter a file name Select all the layers and choose an attribute layer top bottom or thickness In Hydro GeoBuilder you can import the DAT file using the Importing 3D Gridded Data process described on page 41 To view the numerical grid as a 2D Layer in Hydro GeoBuilder From VMOD select Input gt Grid Select File gt Export gt Image Select AutoCAD DXF format and enter a file name Select the desired layers In Hydro GeoBuilder you can import the DXF file using the Importing Polylines process described on page 30 Layer Elevations To export layer top or bottom elevations from VMOD for use in Hydro GeoBuilder From VMOD select Input gt Grid Select File gt Export gt Data Select the Surfer GRD file format Select the desired layers This will generate one surface for the top or bottom of each selected model layer You need to repeat these steps in order to generate a surface for t
103. flow between the surface water body and the aquifer this field is read only and is calculated using the formula described below Riverbed Kz Vertical hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed material River Width Width of the river When a polyline is used to define the river geometry the default leakance formula is as follows C K L W M COND RCHLNG WIDTH K UCTOCOND RBTHICK 146 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling When a polygon is used to define the river geometry the default leakance formula is as follows where COND is the Leakance RCHLNG is the reach length of the river line in each grid cell WIDTH is the River Width in each grid cell K is the Riverbed Kz UCTOCOND is the conversion factor for converting the K value to the same L and T units used by COND RBTHICK is the Riverbed Thickness DX is the length of each grid cell in the X direction DY is the length of each grid cell in the Y direction If the Use default Leakance option is turned off the fields used for calculating the River Leakance value Riverbed Thickness Riverbed Kz and River Width are removed from the table and the Leakance field becomes a writable field where a value may be entered Supported Geometry The geometry for River b
104. for defining time schedules for selected boundary conditions Steady State Simulation Time A steady state simulation time is required for Steady State Flow simulation This parameter is not used if you have selected Transient Flow Although the simulation will always be run to the same equilibrium solution in Steady State the total amount of water passing through boundary conditions i e the cumulative value of the solution depends 202 Chapter 13 Translating to Numerical Model on the amount of time simulated Packages The Packages frame contains a list of existing boundary conditions for the conceptual model being translated Here you can include exclude boundary conditions by selecting the appropriate check box in the Translate column The corresponding FEFLOW condition type is listed for each boundary condition under the FEFLOW Conditions column Click the Next button to initiate the model translation During translation output details are displayed in the translation log Once finished click the Finish button to exit the translation wizard Importing into Visual MODFLOW 203 13 2 Importing into Visual MODFLOW If you have translated the model using MODFLOW 2000 or MODFLOW 2005 you can import the model into Visual MODFLOW for running the simulation The import routine is described in section Importing MODFLOW Data Sets in the Visual MODFLOW User s Manual Importing Initial Heads from a MODFLOW Model When Visual M
105. from Visual MODFLOW When this grid type is selected specify the number of layers to create in the Number of Layers field default is 10 Note Hydro GeoBuilder only supports up to 1000 layers in a numerical grid Deformed Uniform In a deformed uniform grid the top and bottom of the grid are deformed following the top most and bottom most horizons respectively in between a set of uniformly thick layers will be generated At the time of translating the conceptual model to the numerical model the properties will be assigned to the appropriate grid cells to represent the geological structure This grid is useful where you have discontinuous layers Cross sectional view of deformed uniform grid from Visual MODFLOW For Deformed Uniform grids you must specify a Minimum Cell Thickness see above and the Number of Layers 180 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization Creating a Child Grid A higher resolution block shaped child grid can be created within any numerical grid parent grid and used for running Local Grid Refinement LGR simulations with the MODFLOW 2005 LGR package Refined child grids are often used to improve simulation accuracy around areas of interest within your simulation domain For example refined grids may be needed in regions where hydraulic gradients change substantially over short distances as would be common near pumping or injecting wells rivers drains and focused recharge regions of site sc
106. g a Conceptual Model on page 117 To create a new horizon follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model Tree expand the Structure node right click on Structure and select Create Horizons From the Horizons Settings dialog shown below click the Add Horizon button to add a new horizon row to the Horizon Information table From the Data Explorer select the surface data object that will be used to generate the horizon and then click the Blue Arrow button to insert it into the Horizon Information table If the selected surface is greater than the conceptual model area it will be clipped by the conceptual model boundary Creating Horizons 125 polygon If the surface is less than the conceptual model area it will be extended to the conceptual model boundary Note Surfaces should be added according to elevation starting with the top surface ground surface and ending with the bottom surface In the Name column type in a unique name for the horizon In the Type column select the appropriate horizon type from the combo box For information on each horizon type please refer to see Horizon Types on page 121 Repeat the steps above to add additional horizons Remember you must have at least two horizons before Hydro GeoBuilder can create the structural zones You can preview the horizons in the adjacent 3D Viewer by clicking the Apply button Finally click the Ok button to crea
107. g the desired check boxes For example if you only want to translate the discretization package select just the DIS package Click the Next button to proceed to the next step Translating a Conceptual Model to a Numerical Model 197 Choosing Boundary Condition Packages The Packages frame lists the existing boundary conditions for the conceptual model being translated Here you can include exclude boundary conditions by selecting the appropriate check box in the Translate column If at least one boundary condition contains transient data and the simulation type was set to transient in the previous step the options in the top of the Stress Periods frame will be active Select the Use Date Time format to express the Start and Stop time using absolute date and time format Choose to use either the default simulation length calculated by Hydro GeoBuilder or define a new simulation length by selecting the User Defined Simulation Length radio button and by entering a new length The grid at the bottom of the Stress Periods frame contains the stress periods for the simulation If the simulation is transient Hydro GeoBuilder automatically calculates the stress periods from the defined time schedule data in the boundary conditions If a boundary condition is excluded or included in the Packages frame the stress periods will be recalculated accordingly If the simulation is steady state there will only be one stress period The Time St
108. ge For finite difference models Hydro GeoBuilder supports the Recharge Package RCH included with MODFLOW The Recharge input data for MODFLOW is stored in the projectname RCH file For finite element models recharge boundary conditions are translated as the In Out flow material parameter The recharge boundary condition is typically used to simulate surficially distributed recharge to the groundwater system Most commonly recharge occurs as a result of precipitation percolating into the groundwater system However the recharge boundary can potentially be used to simulate recharge from sources other than precipitation such as irrigation artificial recharge or seepage from a pond Note The recharge rate is a parameter that is not often measured at a site but rather it is assumed to be a percentage of the precipitation This percentage typically ranges from 5 to 20 depending on many different factors including the predominant land use and vegetation type the surface topography slope and the soil cover material Supported Geometry The geometry for Recharge boundary conditions can be specified using the following data objects Polygon 11 1 7 Evapotranspiration For finite difference models Hydro GeoBuilder supports the Evapotranspiration Package ET included with MODFLOW After translation the Evapotranspiration input data for MODFLOW is stored in the projectname EVT file Currently this boundary
109. gons Polylines Points and Maps only When the Arithmetic node is selected from the Settings tree the following dialog will display To apply an arithmetic operation follow the steps below Select the desired arithmetic expression from the Select Operation combo box If you are unsure of what the expression does refer to the provided description in the Description and Instructions text box The contents of the Input Parameters frame will vary depending on the selected expression If the selected expression contains a constant value e g Z Constant enter a value in Value field If the selected expression requires a surface e g Z Surface x y then select the desired surface from the Data Explorer and then click the button to insert the surface into the Value field Optional Select the Save As New Data Object check box to save the transformed data as a new data object Click the Execute button to apply the operation 72 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Note If the data object is being viewed in a 3D Viewer while the operation is applied you may have to turn off the data object and then turn it back on to see the changes 4 3 2 Attribute Operations Modify an Attribute using a Constant Value For time schedule data objects Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to modify attribute values using a specified constant value For example the constant value can be set equal to added to subtracted f
110. graphy water table elevation etc Hydro GeoBuilder supports the following surface file types ESRI ASCII Grid ASC TXT Surfer Grid GRD USGS Digital Elevation Model DEM To import surface data follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu Select Surface from the Data Type drop down list box Click the button and locate the source file Enter a Name and a Description for the imported data and click Next to continue Note Surface files that contain a large quantity of data points may require substantial time to import into Hydro GeoBuilder Next select the Coordinate System of the data being imported If the coordinate system is different than the one defined in the project settings Hydro GeoBuilder will perform a geotransformation converting all coordinates to the project s coordinate system Click the Next button to continue to the next step 34 Chapter 3 Importing Data Surface data will usually only consist of three columns X Y and Attribute Data elevation conductivity etc Hydro GeoBuilder will automatically map the source columns to the target fields You can preview the mapped data before importing into Hydro GeoBuilder Click the Next button to finish the import process Upon importing a new data object will be added to the Data Explorer 3 5 Importing Wells Hydro GeoBuilder supports the f
111. grid cell at the End Point of the line or line segment The boundary condition data for the grid cells between the Start Point grid cell and the End Point grid cell will be linearly interpolated between these two points using the formula below Options for defining attributes 2D Viewer Points List Zone List Feature List Data Input Grid Vertices Defining a New Boundary Condition 167 where Xi is the boundary condition parameter value at the ith grid cell along the line XSP is the boundary condition parameter value at the Start Point of the line XEP is the boundary condition parameter value at the End Point of the line TVAR1 i is the cumulative length of the line at the ith grid cell along the line as measured from the center of the Start Point grid cell through the center of each successive grid cell along the line see following figure LENGTH is the total length of the line as measured from the center of the Start Point grid cell through to the center of the End Point grid cell see following figure When the line is digitized from the Start Point to the End Point each grid cell is numbered in sequence according to the order in which the line passes through each cell If the line passes through the same grid cell twice the grid cell will be numbered twice as seen for grid cell 4 and 6 in the following figure As a result the parameter value calculated for grid cell 6 will over write
112. gt Wells gt Pumping Wells Select Database from the side menu From the wells database table copy the desired wells from the grid and paste into a Microsoft Excel worksheet Save the MS Excel worksheet In Hydro GeoBuilder you can import this XLS file using the Importing Wells process described on page 34 The wells can be viewed in 3D or 2D and can be used to define pumping well boundary conditions Boundary Conditions Boundary condition locations can be exported to a DXF or raster image From VMOD select Input gt Boundaries Select the desired boundary conditions and hide all other non desired overlays Select File gt Export gt Image Select the AutoCD DXF file format In Hydro GeoBuilder you can import this DXF file using the Importing Polylines process described on page 30 Importing Data from Existing VMOD Models 59 You may then create a new data object polygon or polyline and using the CAD file as a background trace over the existing boundary conditions to represent rivers recharge zones etc 60 Chapter 3 Importing Data 61 4 Data Settings and Properties Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to view and modify various settings and properties for each imported or digitized data object In general data object settings consist of the following categories General View data object metadata including source data information statistics native coordinate system
113. harge specified head To define the geometry and attributes of property zones To visualize spatial variation of geographic features using various style settings Hydro GeoBuilder supports the following file types for polygon data Shapefile SHP AutoCAD DXF To import polygon data follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu Select Polygon from the Data Type drop down list box Click the button and locate the source file Enter a Name and a Description for the imported data and click Next to continue Importing Surfaces 33 The remaining workflow for importing polygon data is very similar to that of importing Polylines For more information on how to import polygons please refer to Importing Polylines on page 30 3 4 Importing Surfaces Surface data consists of an ordered array of interpolated values at regularly spaced intervals that represent the spatial distribution of an attribute e g digital elevation models Surface data can be used in Hydro GeoBuilder in the following ways To define the horizons structural zone vertical boundaries of a conceptual model To define the spatial distribution of a boundary condition attribute To define the spatial distribution of a property zone attribute e g conductivity initial heads To visualize the spatial variation of model features e g surface topo
114. he bottom of the bottommost layer in your model In Hydro GeoBuilder you can import the GRD files using the Importing Surfaces process described on page 33 Properties From VMOD you can export the property values for the entire grid to a 3D Gridded TecPLOT DAT format for example X Y Z Kx This could be useful if you want to generate new models from your existing models 58 Chapter 3 Importing Data From VMOD select Input gt Properties Select the desired parameter group Conductivity Storage Initial Heads Select File gt Export gt Data Select the TecPLOT DAT file format Select the desired parameters and layers In Hydro GeoBuilder you can import the DAT file using the Importing 3D Gridded Data process described on page 41 To export properties on a layer by layer basis From VMOD select Input gt Properties Select the desired parameter group Conductivity Storage Initial Heads Select File gt Export gt Data Select the Surfer GRD file format Select the desired layers and parameters One file will be generated for each select layer In Hydro GeoBuilder you can import these GRD files using the Importing Surfaces process described on page 33 These surfaces can be used to define property values when you create property zones Wells To export wells from VMOD and import into Hydro GeoBuilder follow the steps below In VMOD select Input
115. head for a grid cell may change at each time step of a given stress period Required Data The Specified Head package requires the following information for each specified head grid cell for each stress period 144 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Start Head Specified head value at the beginning of the stress period Stop Head Specified head value at the end of the stress period Supported Geometry The geometry for Specified Head boundary conditions can be specified using the following data objects Polyline Polygon 11 1 3 River The River boundary condition is used to simulate the influence of a surface water body on the groundwater flow Surface water bodies such as rivers streams lakes and swamps may either contribute water to the groundwater system or act as groundwater discharge zones depending on the hydraulic gradient between the surface water body and the groundwater system For finite difference models Hydro GeoBuilder uses the River Package included with MODFLOW The MODFLOW input data for River grid cells is stored in projectname RIV file Currently translation of river boundary conditions is not supported for finite element FEFLOW translations The MODFLOW River Package simulates the surface water groundwater interaction via a seepage layer separating the surface water body from the groundwater system see following figure Boundary Conditions Overview 145 Required Data The MODFLOW River
116. his is the first row in the table you would enter the X Y and Z values of the well head i e the top most node in the well path Repeat above for additional nodes 4 3 Performing Operations on Data For most data object types Hydro GeoBuilder allows you apply various arithmetic operations to your source data Operation settings can be accessed by clicking on the Operations tree node in the Settings window To access the Settings window in the Data Explorer right click on the data object and select Settings from the pop up menu Hydro GeoBuilder supports the following data operations Arithmetic Operations Polygons Polylines Points and Maps only Attribute Operations Surface Points Time Schedules only Converting Model Layers to Points Data Object Cross Sections only Converting Well Tops to Points Data Object Wells only Calculating Well Head Elevation Z from a Surface Wells only Performing Operations on Data 71 Each type of operation is described in detail in the following sections 4 3 1 Arithmetic Operations Arithmetic operations allow you to shift the elevation values in the data object source data according to a user specified arithmetic expression For example you can use this option to drape a map over a specified surface data object You can also shift polylines polygons points up or down by a specified constant value Arithmetic operations can be applied to the following data objects Poly
117. iewer and select Axis from the pop up menu Modifying Viewer Settings 101 3D Viewer Settings The following settings only apply to 3D Viewers Setting the Vertical Exaggeration The Vertical Exaggeration is the ratio of the scale of the Y axis to the scale of the X axis Vertical exaggeration can be used for discerning subtle topographic features or when the data covers a large horizontal distance miles relative to the relief feet By default the vertical exaggeration is set to 0 You can change the vertical exaggeration using the Exaggeration text box located at the bottom of the 3D Viewer shown below Resetting the Viewer To zoom out to the full extents of your data click the Reset Scene Position button located at the bottom of the viewer Please note that clicking this button will reset the rotation and zoom level back to the original view configuration Creating Cutaways Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to remove portions of the model from the 3D Viewer by creating cutaways To create a cutaway in a 3D Viewer follow the steps below Right click anywhere inside the 3D Viewer and select CutAway Properties from the pop up menu The following dialog box will display on your screen 102 Chapter 5 Data Viewers Click the CutOffs Active check box to enable CutAways Under the Activity tab specify which slices to make active by clicking the appropriate Active check boxes The YZ slice refers to a vertical plane al
118. ine conceptual model horizons cannot be deleted from the project A warning message will appear to indicate that the surface is used for the horizon Deleting a Surface 115 116 Chapter 6 Creating Surfaces 117 7 Creating a Conceptual Model A Conceptual Model refers to a basic high level representation of the hydrogeological system being modeled Once you have imported sufficient raw data into your project you can begin to construct one or more conceptual models using imported or digitized data objects as building blocks Note The minimum data requirements for building a conceptual model are two surfaces and one polygon data object In general a groundwater flow conceptual model is comprised of the following sub models Structural Model Consists of a polygon that represents the horizontal boundary of the model and a series of horizons that represent the vertical boundaries of subsurface structural zones Together these boundaries represent the simulation model domain For more information on structural modeling please see Chapter 8 Defining Horizons Property Model Consists of property zones generated by combining or subdividing structural zones Each property zone is assigned appropriate property attributes e g conductivity storage and initial heads For more information on property modeling please see Chapter 9 Property Modeling Boundary Condition Model Consists of defining flow conditions at the
119. ing are recommended Creating a New Surface 113 Kriging Kriging is a geostatistical method that produces visually appealing maps from irregularly spaced data Anistropy and underlying trends suggested in raw data can be incorporated in an efficient manner through Kriging The program used called kt3d is available in the public domain from the Geostatistical Software Library GSLIB distributed by Stanford University and is well documented by Deutsch and Journel 1998 The project kt3d performs simple Kriging ordinary Kriging or Kriging with a polynomial trend and uses the standard parameter file used by GSLIP If the semi variogram components have already been modeled by the user they can be incorporated into the program by choosing the appropriate set of parameters in the parameter file The semi variograms available include Spherical Exponential Gaussian Power and the Hoe effect models If the variogram information is not available the default linear variogram with no nugget effect should be used This option is a special case of the Power model with the exponent equal to 1 Natural Neighbors The Natural Neighbor method Watson 1994 is based on the Thiessen polygon method used for interpolating rainfall data The grid node for interpolation is considered a new point or target to the existing data set With the addition of this point the Thiessen polygons based on the existing points are modified to include the new point
120. inish button to create the property zone Once created the property zone is added to the Conceptual Model tree under the Properties node and under the appropriate parameter category node 9 2 Editing Property Zones Once a property zone has been created you can go back and modify the property zone name and attribute values To do so follow the steps below 136 Chapter 9 Property Modeling From the Conceptual Model tree expand the Properties node and the desired property category node Right click on the property zone and select Edit Property Zone from the pop up menu The Edit Property Zones Settings dialog box will display on your screen Here you can change the Name of the property zone You cannot change the geometry of the property zone Click the Next button to advance to the property parameters dialog Here you can modify the parameter values for the property zone These options are described in Assigning Property Parameters on page 132 Click Finish button to apply the modifications to the property zone 9 3 Property Zone Settings To access the settings for a property zone right click on the desired property zone and select Settings from the pop up menu The settings for property zones only include general read only meta data information e g name description data source and coordinate system as well property zone color settings for displaying in 3D Viewers These general settings are
121. ite maps from the data explorer to the 2D Viewer preview to assist you in determining the placement of the child grid within the parent grid Select the desired data objects from the data explorer and the data will be displayed in the 2D Viewer preview Enter a unique name for the child grid in the Name field Next select the refinement ratio from the Ratio combo box A ratio of 3 1 for example will refine the parent cell by a factor of three resulting in nine horizontal child cells within one parent cell Finally specify the Row Refinement interval and the Column Refinement interval by selecting the starting row column and ending row column for where the grid refinement should be applied within the parent grid The child grid can be placed anywhere within the parent grid as long as it does not overlap another child grid Note The child grid cannot be rotated it must be in the same orientation as the parent grid Click the Preview button to preview the child grid in the adjacent 2D Viewer Click the Next button to proceed to the next step Vertical Grid Refinement Vertical grid refinement involves selecting which model layers to refine and specifying the refinement ratio for the selected layers 182 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization The top of the child grid must always coincide with the parent grid and therefore the Start layer will always be 1 However the End layer can be any model layer below the top mod
122. ive 2D or 3D Window For information on the Labels node please see Labels on page 81 Well Tops The Well Tops node provides options for changing the appearance of the well tops These options are described below 88 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties When the General subnode is selected the following options are available Symbol Select the well top symbology from the combo box Choose from various symbols including circle square cross diamond etc Size Specify the size of the well top symbols Color Select a color for the well tops Click the Apply button to view the change in an active 2D or 3D Window For information on the Labels node please see section Labels on page 81 4 4 4 Surfaces The following section describes the available style settings for Surface data objects To access the style settings right click on the surface data object in the Data Explorer and select Settings from the pop up menu Then in the Settings dialog expand the Style node to view the style settings Modifying Data Style Settings 89 Colors The Colors node provides options for coloring the surface layer by elevation value The following options are available Show Color Fill This option allows you to show or hide the color fill If disabled the surface will appear in the color defined in the General settings Transparency This option allows you to make the surface appear transparent When the
123. jacent drop down list Source fields that are not required can be mapped by creating a new attribute To create a new attribute click the Add a new attribute button A new row will be added to the Data Mapping table In the Map_to column select the desired attribute field in the source data from the combo box Repeat for additional attributes You can delete a mapped attribute by selecting the row from the Data Mapping table and then clicking the Delete button Use the Unit Category and Unit columns to define the units of a mapped field If the specified units are different than those defined in the Project Settings Hydro GeoBuilder will automatically convert the data in the source file to the default project units The Multipler column allows you to multiply all values in the mapped field by a specified multiplier value Importing Points 29 The Data Type column allows you to define the data type Select from the following options Numeric Text Boolean Date and Time For example if the mapped column contains text data select Text from the drop down list Once the data mapping is complete click the Next button to continue to the validation dialog Data Validation The final step involves validation of the data being imported This step will ensure that the data set contains valid data for each of the mapped fields In the top half of the dialog Hydro GeoBuilder will list any mapped fields that contain invalid da
124. l For finite difference translations Hydro GeoBuilder uses the Well WEL package provided with MODFLOW The MODFLOW input data for Well cells is stored in the projectname WEL file You can define the location for horizontal or deviated wells which include the well path and the screen location When you translate your conceptual model to MODFLOW format the horizontal well screen location is converted to set of pumping well cells side by side Another option is to define a specified flux or drain boundary condition in 3D Builder These are the workarounds since there is no MODFLOW package for horizontal wells For finite element model translations Hydro GeoBuilder translates the pumping well boundary conditions as a Type 4 Well boundary condition Please note that the defined screen interval must extend beyond half of the element height for it to be assigned the Boundary Conditions Overview 143 boundary condition Currently deviated horizontal well translation is not supported for finite element models If you intend to translate to FEFLOW please make sure all pumping well boundary conditions are defined using vertical wells Required Data In Hydro GeoBuilder pumping well boundary conditions are defined using the well data contained in a wells data object During the boundary condition creation process you will be required to select a wells data object from the Data Explorer A well can only be used if it meets the following r
125. l conform to the erosional horizon it will be pushed up by the erosional horizon The horizon rules described above are applied after all the horizons are calculated If one of the horizons will be truncated by an erosional base or discontinuity horizon it is a good idea to extend the input data beyond these unconformable horizons in order to truncate them properly Horizon Types Example The image below shows three surfaces in a 3D Viewer The surfaces are colored Red Green Blue from top to bottom respectively You will see that there are spots where the green surface intersects with the red surfaces and likewise where the blue surface intersects with the green surface For numerical models FEFLOW and MODFLOW this geometry is not permitted which is why surfaces are converted to horizons Assigning a horizon type will eliminate the intersections When horizons are generated from these surfaces and each surface is set to Conformable each horizon is truncated that each conforms to the horizon above it as shown in the following image 123 If the middle horizon is set to Erosional with the top and bottom set to Conformable the topmost surface red is pushed up as shown in the following image 124 Chapter 8 Defining Horizons 8 1 Creating Horizons Note In order to define horizons you must have already created a new conceptual model For information on creating a conceptual model please refer to see Creatin
126. l hydraulic conductivity of the lakebed material Precipitation Rate per Unit Area The rate of precipitation per unit area at the surface of the lake L T Evaporation Rate per Unit Area The rate of evaporation per unit area from the surface of the lake L T Overland Runoff Overland runoff L3 T from an adjacent watershed entering the lake Artificial Withdrawal The volumetric rate or flux L3 T of water removal from a lake by means other than rainfall evaporation surface outflow or ground water seepage Normally this would be used to specify the rate of artificial withdrawal from a lake for human water use or if negative artificial augmentation of a lake volume for esthetic or recreational purposes The default leakance formula is as follows where COND is the Leakance K is the Lakebed Kz UCTOCOND is the conversion factor for converting the K value to the same L and T units used by COND RBTHICK is the Lakebed Thickness DX is the length of each grid cell in the X direction DY is the length of each grid cell in the Y direction If the Use default Leakance option is turned off the fields used for calculating the River Conductance value Lakebed Thickness Lakebed Kz are removed from the table and the Leakance field becomes a writable field where a value may be entered Supported Geometry The geometry for Lake boundary conditions can be specified using the following data objects
127. l scaled models Design the correct model faster The grid independent raw data is left intact and is not constricted by grid cells or mesh elements when modifying the data and project objective This allows you to generate multiple numerical models from the same conceptual model Make changes to the model data and immediately see results The conceptual model environment provides simultaneous 2D and 3D views which are updated whenever changes to the data are made Please see Hydro GeoBuilder Features on page 2 for a comprehensive list of features available in Hydro GeoBuilder This document provides detailed descriptions of all features and functionality available in Hydro GeoBuilder 2 Chapter 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder 1 1 Hydro GeoBuilder Features General Features Supports the following coordinate systems Geographic coordinate systems data import only Projected coordinate systems Local Cartesian Work With Grid Independent Data Import spatial and attribute data from a wide variety of data types including Points XLS TXT CSV MDB SHP DXF TRP Polygons SHP DXF Polylines SHP DXF 3D Gridded Data HDS DAT Raster Images BMP TIF JPG Time Schedules XLS Surfaces DEM GRD TXT ASC Hydro GeoAnalyst HGA Cross Sections 3XS Vertical and Horizontal Wells XLS View and modify settings for imported dat
128. lating to MODFLOW 193 Translating to FEFLOW 198 Importing into Visual MODFLOW 203 Running MODFLOW LGR Simulation 203 Viewing Results in Hydro GeoBuilder 205 14 Appendix A Supported Data Types 207 15 Index 209 Preface Schlumberger Water Services SWS is a recognized leader in the development and application of innovative groundwater technologies in addition to offering expert services and professional training to meet the advancing technological requirements of today s groundwater and environmental professionals Waterloo Hydrogeologic Software WHS consists of a complete suite of environmental software applications engineered for data management and analysis modeling and simulation visualization and reporting WHS is currently developed by SWS and sold globally as a suite of desktop solutions For over 18 years our products and services have been used by firms regulatory agencies and educational institutions
129. lected observation point To add observations to the Observation Data table follow the steps below Select Divers from the Data to Display box Select the well from the Well Heads table for which observation data will be added Select the desired observation point from the Observation Points table Click the Add Row button from the Observation Data toolbar to add a new item to the table Enter the time at which the head or concentration was observed in the Time field Enter the observed head or concentration in the Head and Conc1 Conc2 etc fields respectively Adding Well Tops The Well tops table is used to enter the elevation points along the well path where the well intersects with a horizon Well top information can be used in Hydro GeoBuilder to create surfaces which can then be used to define conceptual model horizons For more information on creating surfaces from well tops please see Converting Well Tops to Points Data Object on page 74 Viewing the Data Table 69 To add well top information to the Well Top table follow the steps below Select Well Tops from the Data to Display box Select the well from the Well Heads table for which well top data will be added Click the Add Row button from the Well Tops toolbar to add a new item to the table Enter the location of the well top as a measured depth in the Depth field Enter the name of the formation e g Clay Sand etc
130. lity field instrumentation with the industries latest communications and data management technologies All of the Diver NETZ components are designed to optimize your project workflow from collecting and recording groundwater data in the field to project delivery in the office Mark of Schlumberger 1 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder Hydro GeoBuilder is a powerful software package that provides the tools for building three dimensional groundwater conceptual models using raw GIS data objects The conceptual model approach to groundwater modeling allows you to Build a conceptual model of the groundwater system prior to the simulation The geological formations property model and boundary conditions are all designed outside the model grid or mesh this allows the flexibility to adjust your interpretation of the groundwater system before applying a discretization method and converting to a numerical model Build the model with minimal data pre processing required Working with grid independent data allows you to maximize the use of your existing GIS data and incorporate physical geology and geographic conditions before designing a grid or mesh Generate and simulate regional and local scaled models With support for MODFLOW LGR package you can design local grids around areas of interest directly within the conceptual model environment Calculated heads from a regional model can also be used as boundary conditions for loca
131. me period data defined for each pumping well and boundary condition into the stress period format required by the different versions of MODFLOW Start Date The default start date is the date specified in the conceptual model settings The Start Date of the model is the date corresponding to the beginning of the simulation currently this date is relevant only for transient flow simulations where recorded field data may be used for defining time schedules for selected boundary conditions 196 Chapter 13 Translating to Numerical Model Start Time Specify the simulation start time The Start Time of the model is the time corresponding to the beginning of the simulation Currently this time is relevant only for transient flow simulations where recorded data may be imported for defining time schedules for selected boundary conditions Steady State Simulation Time A steady state simulation time is required for Steady State Flow simulation This parameter is not used if you have selected Transient Flow Although the simulation will always be run to the same equilibrium solution in Steady State the total amount of water passing through boundary conditions i e the cumulative value of the solution depends on the amount of time simulated Translation Format Currently only the MODFLOW translation is supported for the finite difference calculations Select Packages to Translate Select which packages to translate by checking or uncheckin
132. model boundary To view the generated structural zones in the Conceptual Model Tree expand the Structure Node and then expand the Zones node Zones are given a default name e g Zone1 Zone2 Zone3 etc which cannot be modified You can view the zones in an active 3D Viewer window by checking the empty check box beside the zone name For more information on data viewers please refer to Data Viewers on page 95 128 Chapter 8 Defining Horizons 129 9 Property Modeling A groundwater flow model requires many different types of data to simulate the hydrogeological processes influencing the flow of groundwater In Hydro GeoBuilder the hydrogeological characteristics of the model are classified into the following parameter groups Conductivity Kx Ky Kz Storage Ss Sy Peff Ptot Initial Heads By default Hydro GeoBuilder automatically assigns the entire model domain the default property parameter values specified in the Project Settings see Modifying Project Settings on page 18 However in most situations the flow properties will not be uniform throughout the entire model domain and it will be necessary to assign different property values to different areas of the conceptual model This can be accomplished by creating Property Zones In Hydro GeoBuilder a property zone is a specified 3D volume generated from structural zones with user defined hydrogeologic attributes Property zone geometry
133. n selected the line segments will be highlighted yellow Note You can Defining a New Boundary Condition 163 only select the line segments from the line selected in the Features list Once you have selected the desired line segments click the Done Selection button to save the selection Repeat the steps above for creating additional zones To delete a zone simply select the zone from the Zones table and then click the Delete Zone button Defining Boundary Condition Geometry Sides If you choose to apply the boundary condition to the Sides of the simulation domain click the Next button to select which side s to apply the boundary condition to Applying boundary conditions to the sides of the simulation domain is accomplished by manually selecting the desired sides using an interactive 3D Viewer window Click the Show button to display the interactive 3D Viewer The interactive 3D Viewer behaves just like any other 3D Viewer in Hydro GeoBuilder You can zoom in and out rotate and move the displayed simulation domain using your 164 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling mouse You can also change the color of the background show hide the axis and change the vertical exaggeration Creating a New Zone To create a new zone follow the steps below Click the Create New Zone button A new row will be added to the Zones table Here you can change the zone Name and Description as desired Click the St
134. navigate through the online help A Topic Frame on the right displays the actual Help topics included in the Online Help Hydro GeoBuilder On Line Help 13 The tabs in the Navigation Frame provide the core navigational features as described below Contents The Contents tab displays the headings in the Table of Contents in the form of an expandable collapsible tree Closed book icons represent Table of Contents headings that have sub headings Index The Index tab displays the list of Help topics You can scroll to find the index entry you want or you can type in the first few letters of the keyword in the text box and the index will scroll automatically as you type Double click an index entry to display the corresponding Help topic Alternatively you may select an index entry and then click Display button to open the Help topic Search The Search tab is used to search the On Line Help documents for a word or phrase of interest Simply type the search word s or phrase s then press lt Enter gt or click the Display button Favorites You can add frequently accessed Help topics to a personal list of favorites which is displayed in the Favorites tab Once you have added a topic to your list of favorites you can access the topic by double clicking it Click Add to add the currently displayed topic to your favorites list Select a favorite and then click Remove to delete a topic from your favorites list 14 Chapter
135. ndary condition is not supported MODFLOW s Drain Package is designed to simulate the effects of features such as agricultural drains which remove water from the aquifer at a rate proportional to the difference between the head in the aquifer and some fixed head or elevation The Drain package assumes the drain has no effect if the head in the aquifer falls below the fixed head of the drain Required Data The Drain Package requires the following information as input for each cell containing this boundary condition Elevation The drain elevation or drain head of the free surface of water within the drain The drain is assumed to run only partially full so that the head within the drain is approximately equal to the median elevation of the drain Leakance The drain leakance is a lumped coefficient describing the head loss between the drain and the groundwater system This loss is caused by converging flow patterns near the drain the presence of foreign material around the drain channel bed materials the drain wall and the degree to which the drain pipe openings may be blocked by chemical precipitates plant roots etc 150 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling There is no general formulation for calculating drain leakance In most situations the detailed information required to calculate drain leakance is not available to the groundwater modeler These details include the detailed head distribution around the drain aquifer hydraulic
136. ne the model layers by diving the structural zones into proportionately thick layers Cross sectional view of deformed grid from Visual MODFLOW A Minimum Cell Thickness must be specified as MODFLOW does not permit lateral discontinuity of layers i e a layer cannot have a thickness of 0 at any point in the layer When horizons are on lapping one another resulting in a zero cell thickness the minimum cell thickness is applied and the horizons are shifted based on the horizon types defined in the Horizon settings See Horizon Types on page 121 For deformed grids you have the option of refining subdividing each layer into a specified number of equally thick layers In the table located below the grid description enter a refinement factor for the desired layer s For example a layer refinement factor of 2 would subdivide the layer into two equally spaced layers After entering a refinement factor click the Apply button to view the changes in the adjacent 2D Viewer Uniform In a uniform grid a number of layers with uniform thickness will be created At the time of translating the conceptual model to the numerical model the properties will be assigned to the appropriate grid cells to represent the geological structure This grid is Creating a Finite Difference Grid 179 useful for transport or density dependent simulations where it is desirable to have fine vertical discretization Cross sectional view of uniform grid
137. neral Head boundary is where COND is the Leakance for each General Head grid cell KAVG is the Average Conductivity C L W K D COND KAVG FACEAREA UCTOCOND DIST Boundary Conditions Overview 149 FACEAREA is the surface area of the selected grid cell Face for each General Head grid cell automatically calculated during translation UCTOCOND is the conversion factor for converting the K value to the same Length L and Time T units used by COND DIST is the Boundary Distance the distance from the external source to the assigned general head boundary If the Use default conductance formula option is not selected the fields used for calculating the General Head Conductance value Distance to Reservoir Average Conductivity are removed from the table and the Leakance field becomes a writable field where a value may be entered Supported Geometry The geometry for General Head boundary conditions can be specified using the following data objects Polygon 11 1 5 Drain For finite difference models Hydro GeoBuilder supports the standard Drain Boundary Package included with MODFLOW The MODFLOW input data for Drain grid cells is stored in the projectname DRN file Currently for finite element model translation this bou
138. nes using structural zones and polygons and assign property parameter attributes using constant values or attribute data from surfaces 3D gridded data and shapefiles Related chapters Chapter 7 Creating a Conceptual Model Chapter 8 Defining Horizons Chapter 9 Property Modeling Generate the Simulation Domain Once you have created the conceptual model generate the simulation model domain which represents the full vertical and horizontal extents of the model area Once this is generated you can assign boundary conditions to the top bottom or sides using imported or digitized polygon polyline data objects and then assign boundary condition attributes using constant values or attribute data from imported surfaces 3D grids and time schedules Related chapters Chapter 10 Simulation Model Domain Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Hydro GeoBuilder Workflow 9 Define the Numerical Model Choose to discretize your conceptual model using the finite difference method grid or the finite element method mesh and then translate the conceptual model information to a numerical model using the translation wizard Hydro GeoBuilder automatically generates the appropriate MODFLOW or FEFLOW input files and saves them to the data repository Related chapters Chapter 12 Creating a Finite Difference Grid Chapter 13 Translating to Numerical Model Run the Simulation amp Analyze Results Import your model in
139. ng an Interpolation Domain using a Polygon When creating a surface the interpolation domain is automatically calculated from the X and Y extents of the specified point s data set There may be times when you do not want to use the entire points data set to generate a surface In this case you can manually define the interpolation domain Xmax Ymax Xmin Ymin by specifying new values in the interpolation settings grid or you can use an imported or digitized polygon data object To define the interpolation domain using a polygon data object follow the steps below In the Create Surface dialog box select the Use a polygon extent check box Select a polygon data object from the Data Explorer and then click the button When the polygon data object is selected the interpolation domain values in the settings grid will update with the X Y extents of the selected polygon data object 6 2 Surface Settings Once a surface data object is generated you can view and modify various settings by right clicking on the data object and selecting Settings from the pop up menu For more information on surface settings please see Surfaces on page 88 6 3 Deleting a Surface To delete a surface data object right click on the data object in the Data Explorer and select Delete from the pop up menu Please take caution when deleting data objects as this operation cannot be undone Note Surface data objects that are used to def
140. ng on the size of your model Hydro GeoBuilder may run very slowly during rotations or when data is moved in the 3D Viewer In this situation the virtual grid option may be used to increase the speed of the data processing and image rendering It can be used to set up a uniformly spaced grid with a specified number of rows and columns The virtual grid option will interpolate the data from the model to the uniformly spaced virtual grid This allows a smaller amount of information to be processed much faster However this also results in a loss of resolution of the data and some local scale minimum and maximum values may be missed If you are experiencing performance issues try lowering the number of cells on the X Y axis Point Style This setting provides two options for displaying points in 3D Viewer Basic and Advanced If the Basic option is selected 3D Viewer will render the point shapes in the 3D Viewer On some computers this option may hinder the performance of the 3D Viewer If the Advanced option is selected 3D Viewer will use bitmap images to display the points If you are experiencing performance issues display points in 3D Viewer the Advanced option should be selected Note The Basic option only supports cube and sphere symbols for displaying points 104 Chapter 5 Data Viewers 5 5 Viewer Controls The viewer controls allow you to interact with displayed data objects The controls are accessible from the toolbar locate
141. ngs To view and modify the conceptual model settings follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model tree right click on the root of the conceptual model tree and select Settings from the pop up menu 120 Chapter 7 Creating a Conceptual Model The Conceptual Model Settings dialog box will open Here you can modify the conceptual model Name Description and Start date You cannot select a new polygon for the model boundary If you wish to use a different polygon for the model boundary you must create a new conceptual model 7 3 Deleting a Conceptual Model To delete a conceptual model right click on the root of the conceptual model tree and select Delete from the pop up menu You will be prompted with a confirmation message before the conceptual model is deleted Click the Yes button to delete the conceptual model Note Please be aware that there is no undo function to recover a deleted conceptual model Please exercise caution when deleting conceptual models 121 8 Defining Horizons Horizons are stratigraphic layers 2D surfaces with topography that define the upper and lower boundaries of the structural zones in a conceptual model In Hydro GeoBuilder horizons are created by clipping or extending interpolated surface data objects to the boundary of the conceptual model For more information on creating surface data objects please refer to Chapter 6 Creating Surfaces When horizons are created Hydro Geo
142. ning the geometry of the boundary condition Hydro GeoBuilder automatically creates a new zone for each individual line in the polyline data object polyline data objects can consist of multiple lines 162 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling The lines that comprise the selected polyline data object are listed in the Features list box e g PLine0 Pline2 Pline3 etc When a line is selected its corresponding zones are shown in the adjacent Zones table Each line has a default zone which represents the entire length of the line However if the default zones are not suitable you can create new zones This is accomplished by selecting single or multiple line segments from polylines using an interactive 2D Viewer window To create a new zone follow the steps below Click the Show button to show the interactive 2D Viewer window Select the desired polyline from the Features list The corresponding line will be highlighted yellow in the adjacent 2D Viewer Click the Create New Zone button A new row will be added to the Zones table where you can enter a Name and a Description for the new zone optional Click the Start Selection button Once selected the line segments that make up the polyline will be visible and shown in different colors in the 2D Viewer shown below While holding the CTRL button on your keyboard click the desired line segments that will represent the new zone from the interactive 2D Viewer Whe
143. odels 57 4 Data Settings and Properties 61 Viewing General Data Settings 62 Viewing the Data Table 63 General 63 Well Table 65 Performing Operations on Data 70 Arithmetic Operations 71 Attribute Operations 72 Converting Model Layers to Points Data Object 74 Converting Well Tops to Points Data Object 74 Calculating Well Head Elevation Z from a Surface 76 Modifying Data Style Settings 76
144. ol Size and Color A preview of the symbol settings is shown in the boxes below Georeference Image Tab This tab allows you to define settings for the georeferenced image Each setting is described below When a georeferenced image is rotated you can fill the areas of empty space with a specified color Otherwise leave the check box unchecked and the empty space will show transparent Click the color box beside Fill color for empty area to select the color to fill the empty spaces only if Show Fill Color option is selected Use the slider to set the JPEG Image Quality When set closer to L low more compression is used in the saved georeference image file resulting in a smaller file and poorer quality When set close to H high less compression is used in the saved georeferenced image file resulting in a larger file with better quality 52 Chapter 3 Importing Data From the Interpolation Mode combo box specify the interpolation method algorithm to use when the image is scaled or rotated The various interpolation methods are briefly described below Keep in mind lower quality interpolation mode will result in a smaller output file whereas high quality interpolation modes will result in a larger output file Default default interpolation mode LowQuality a low quality mode HighQuality a high quality mode Bilinear Bilinear interpolation No prefiltering is done This mode is not suitable for shrinking an image b
145. ollowing file types for well data Importing Wells 35 Excel XLS To import wells follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu Select Wells from the Data Type drop down list Click the button and locate the source file Enter a Name and a Description for the imported data and click Next to continue The next step allows you to preview the source data before importing and choose a subset of the source data e g a worksheet of an excel file Select which Excel worksheet to import from the Select Worksheet drop down list Also you can choose which row to import from using the From Row text field Hydro GeoBuilder provides you with various options for importing wells and associated well data For example you can choose to import well heads Well ID X Y Elevation Bottom or you can choose to import wells heads along with related screen locations pumping schedules or observation points In the Select the type of wells to import frame choose between Vertical and Deviated Horizontal Note For Deviated Horizontal Wells only well heads and well paths can be imported via the import process Wells screens observation points and well tops for horizontal wells can be defined later in the Wells table For more information on the well table please see Well Table on page 65 Next specify how the vertical data is expressed in the
146. ome boundary conditions only support one type of geometry either polygon or polyline Polygons and polyline data objects that extend beyond the model domain must be clipped before they can be used to define boundary conditions Polygons and polylines can be clipped using the clip to polygon data operations which can be accessed in the data object settings right click on the polygon or polyline in the Data Explorer and select Settings from the pop up menu For more information on data object operations please see Performing Operations on Data on page 70 Click the Next button to proceed to the next step For boundary conditions that are to be applied to the Side s of the simulation domain Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to define the geometry by selecting the appropriate side s using an interactive 3D Viewer window This process is described in Defining Boundary Condition Geometry Sides on page 163 If you select a polygon data object to define the geometry of the boundary condition the next step is defining boundary condition parameters Please skip to Defining Boundary Condition Parameters on page 165 for information on this topic If you select a polyline data object to define the geometry of the boundary condition the next step is defining zones for the selected polyline This procedure is described in the following section Defining Polyline Zones When a polyline data object is selected for defi
147. on Top ID formation name e g Sand1 Sand2 Clay etc Please note the well top data in the source file must be formatted as follows Well ID Top ID Top X Well1 Fill 6 5 Well1 Sand1 26 Well1 Clay 52 etc etc etc Well2 Fill 4 Well2 Sand1 17 Well2 Clay 94 etc etc etc 40 Chapter 3 Importing Data Well Heads with Well Path This option is only available for deviated horizontal wells When this option is selected you must first map the well heads under the Well Heads tab see Well Heads Only on page 36 Next click on the Path tab and map the appropriate column from the source data to the following target field Elevation X Y Well ID Please note well path data in your source file must be formatted as follows Each row in the data represents a vertex in the well path When viewed in 3D Viewer Hydro GeoBuilder connects each vertex with a line allowing you to visualize the horizontal well path s Once the well path is imported you can manually define screen intervals pumping schedules observation points and well tops in the Wells Table Please see Well Table on page 65 for more information The final step in the Well import process is data validation Hydro GeoBuilder will validate the mapped data and highlights any rows that contain invalid data Well ID X Y Elevation Well1 574506 3 4863299 36 100 Well1 574506 11 4863299 36
148. onditions Polylines may also be useful to visualizing geographic features such as river and road networks Hydro GeoBuilder supports the following file types for polyline data Shapefile SHP AutoCAD DXF To import polyline data follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu Select Polyline from the Data Type drop down list Click the button and locate the source file Enter a Name and a Description and then click Next to continue The next step involves selecting the coordinate system of the source file and will vary depending on which file type is selected for the source file For SHP files if the associated PRJ file is located in the same location as the source file Hydro GeoBuilder can automatically detect the coordinate system of the source data and will perform a geotransformation if the coordinate system is different than that defined in the project settings If a PRJ file is missing than you will be prompted to select the Coordinate System for the data being imported For DXF files you will always be prompted to select the Coordinate System of the selected source file Click the Next button to continue If the file type is SHP the next step involves creating attributes If you are importing from DXF file you can skip this step Importing Polylines 31 This dialog allows you to import shapefile attributes
149. ong the Y and Z axis the XZ slice refer to a vertical plane along the X and Z axis and the YZ slice refers to a horizontal plane along the Y and Z axis For each active slice select which portion to remove from the viewer for example the portion of the model that is left or right side of the slice before or after the slice or above or under the slice By default the position of each slice is automatically positioned in the middle of the data along its respective axis However you can manually change the position of the slice by entering a new value in the Position field Note The Xmin Xmax Ymin Ymax Zmin and Zmax fields are read only and cannot be changed Alternatively you can set the position of a slice by entering a value in the Fraction field For example a fraction value of 0 5 will set the slice position in the middle of the 3D data Click the OK button to apply the changes to the current 3D Viewer 3D Viewer Performance Preferences To access the 3D Viewer performance preferences select Tools Preferences from the main menu Modifying Viewer Settings 103 OpenGL Driver By default Hydro GeoBuilder will attempt to use the vendor provided driver included with your graphics acceleration hardware If problems are encountered with the vendor provided drivers e g poor on screen display performance then Hydro GeoBuilder provides the option to use the Microsoft Driver for OpenGL Virtual Grid Dependi
150. ons to the simulation model domain see Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling 141 11 Boundary Modeling Every conceptual model requires an appropriate set of boundary conditions to represent the system s relationship with the surrounding systems In the case of groundwater flow model boundary conditions will describe the exchange of flow between the model and the external system Hydro GeoBuilder supports input and translation for various types of MODFLOW and FEFLOW boundary condition packages including Pumping Well Specified Head River General Head Drain Recharge Evapotranspiration Lake Specified Flux Note The MODFLOW Stream STR package is currently not supported in Hydro GeoBuilder Note Currently only the Pumping Well and Recharge boundary conditions are supported for finite element model FEFLOW translation Boundary conditions can be applied to the top bottom intermediate layers or sides of the simulation model domain using imported or digitized Polygon or Polyline data objects or by manually selecting the sides of the simulation domain using an interactive 3D Viewer Hydro GeoBuilder provides various methods for assigning parameter values to boundary conditions Each parameter in the boundary condition can be set to Constant or Transient and values can be assigned using attributes from various imported data objects The available methods for assigning attributes include U
151. orting Maps page 46 24 Chapter 3 Importing Data Importing Time Schedules page 53 About Data Objects After the import process a Data Object is added to the Data Explorer In Hydro GeoBuilder a Data Object refers to any data set or data element that has been imported or created manually using the 2D editing tools From the Data Explorer you can view the data in a 2D or 3D Viewer view and modify data properties and perform arithmetic and geometric operations on the data see Chapter 4 for more information All imported data is stored in the projectname data folder in the data repository 3 1 Importing Points Points represent discrete locations in space XYZ where attribute information is known Examples of points data include ground surface or subsurface elevations well tops locations with known aquifer hydraulic properties etc Typically this information may come from drilling wells or monitoring events where information is gathered from a specific location Once imported points data can then be interpolated to generate surfaces These surfaces can be used to create conceptual model horizons or for defining property values for structural zones For more information on creating surfaces from points data please see Chapter 6 Creating Surfaces Hydro GeoBuilder supports the following file types for points data Shapefile SHP AutoCAD DXF Text TXT Comma Separated Values CSV Acces
152. ould be because the folder path containing the specified LGR file is too long e g C Documents and Settings User Desktop Modeling Project Groundwater Model NumericalModels If this is the case it is reccomended that you copy and paste the contents of the folder into a folder that has a shorter path e g C Temp and then rerun the simulation 13 1 Viewing Results in Hydro GeoBuilder Viewing Finite Difference Model Output Once you have translated and run your model using Visual MODFLOW you can import some of the output results back into Hydro GeoBuilder for visualization Importing Heads File After running a simulation in Visual MODFLOW the heads information is stored in the projectname HDS file This file can be imported into your Hydro GeoBuilder project using the Import 3D Gridded Data process see Importing 3D Gridded Data on page 41 Once imported you can interpolate heads data onto a surface data object using the create new attribute operation see Creating an Attribute from 3D Gridded Data Object on page 72 After applying this operation you can then color and display contours on the surface data object using the surface style settings see Surfaces on page 88 Importing Pathlines If you added particle tracking in your simulation using Visual MODFLOW you can export the pathlines to a shapefile in Visual MODFLOW and then import the shapefile into Hydro GeoBuilder using the Import Polyline import proc
153. oundary conditions can be specified using the following data objects Polyline Polygon 11 1 4 General Head For finite difference models Hydro GeoBuilder supports translation of the General Head Boundary Package included with MODFLOW The MODFLOW input data for General Head grid cells is stored in the projectname GHB file Currently for finite element models translation of this boundary condition is not supported The function of the General Head Boundary GHB Package is mathematically similar to that of the River Drain and Evapotranspiration Packages Flow into or out of a cell from an external source is provided in proportion to the difference between the head in the cell and the reference head assigned to the external source The application of this boundary condition is intended to be general as indicated by its name but the typical application of this boundary condition is to represent heads in a model that are COND DX DY K UCTOCOND RBTHICK Boundary Conditions Overview 147 influenced by a large surface water body outside the model domain with a known water elevation The purpose of using this boundary condition is to avoid unnecessarily extending the model domain outward to meet the element influencing the head in the model As a result the General Head boundary condition is usually assigned along the
154. our CD ROM drive and the initial installation screen should load automatically Once loaded an installation interface will be presented On the installation screen you may choose from the following two buttons Hydro GeoBuilder Installation and Hydro GeoBuilder User s Manual The User s Manual button will display a PDF document of the manual which requires the Adobe Reader to view If you do not have the Adobe Reader a link has been created in the interface to download the appropriate software The Installation button will initiate the installation of Hydro GeoBuilder on your computer Hydro GeoBuilder must be installed on your local hard disk in order to run Follow the installation instructions and read the on screen directions carefully You will be prompted to enter your name company name and serial number Please ensure that you enter your serial number exactly as it appears on your CD case or invoice Be sure to use capital letters and hyphens in the correct locations Once the installation is complete you should see the Hydro GeoBuilder icon on your Desktop labeled VMOD Hydro GeoBuilder To start working with Hydro GeoBuilder double click on this icon 1 2 3 Uninstalling Hydro GeoBuilder To uninstall Hydro GeoBuilder follow the steps below Make sure that Hydro GeoBuilder program is closed For Windows XP users go to Start Settings Control Panel For Windows Vista users go to Start Control Panel
155. ource file Enter a Name and a Description for the imported data and click Next to continue 42 Chapter 3 Importing Data Next select the Coordinate System of the 3D Gridded data If the coordinate system is different than the one defined in the project settings Hydro GeoBuilder will perform a geotransformation converting all coordinates to the project s coordinate system Click the Next button to continue to the next step The next step allows you to specify how the gridded data is to be imported When importing a HDS file the Gridded data for existing grid option will be automatically selected The grid dimensions in the source file must be identical to the dimensions of a grid in your project Select the existing numerical grid from Conceptual Model tree and then click the button When importing a DAT file the Gridded data for existing grid option will be unchecked Importing 3D Gridded Data 43 When this option is selected the Grid Origin frame will display If the gridded data is in model coordinates specify the Grid Origin and the degree of Rotation If the grid is in world coordinates you may leave the grid origin as is For both file types you can specify the grid resolution To import the full grid dimensions select Import the true grid dimensions option Please note that depending on the performance capabilities of your computer 3D Gridded data containing large volumes of data may take a signifi
156. p requires you to map the columns in the source data to the required target fields The required fields will vary depending on the type of well data you selected in the previous step The following sections describe the data mapping for each data type option Well Heads Only For importing Well Heads only you must map the following columns from the source data to the required target fields Well ID Importing Wells 37 X Y Elevation Bottom Well ID must be a unique value in the source data If not any rows containing duplicate Well IDs will not be imported Well Heads with Screens If this option is selected you must first map the well heads under the Well Heads tab Next click on the Screens tab and map the appropriate columns from the source data to the following target fields Screen ID Screen Bottom Z elevation of bottom of screen Screen Top Z elevation of top of screen For each well in the source data the Screen ID must be unique Also screens should not overlap within a single well These requirements will be validated in the final step of the well import process If you selected the pumping schedule check box in the previous step click the Pumping Schedule tab and then map the appropriate columns from the source field to the following target fields Pumping Start Date in MM DD YYYY HH MM SS format time is optional Pumping End Date in MM DD YYYY HH MM SS format time
157. page 166 For each attribute in the Data Input Grid there are two combo boxes Defining a New Boundary Condition 169 The first combo box allows you to set an attribute as Static Steady State or Transient conditions change over time When one or more parameters are set to Transient the Transient Data button will become active When selected the Transient Data window will launch shown below The Transient Data dialog allows you to define the stress periods and values for all the attributes in the boundary condition that have been set as Transient Click the Add Row button to add a new row to the table Enter a Start and End time and a Value for each transient attribute Press the Enter button on your keyboard Repeat for additional stress periods Click OK to save the transient data The second combo box provides different methods for assigning attribute values to the boundary condition The contents shown in this combo box depend on the attribute type i e not all methods are available for every attribute The available methods may include Constant Value From 3D Gridded Data From Shapefile From Time Schedule and From Surface Each method is described below 170 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Constant Value The constant value method allows you to define a single value for the entire zone Upon translation each grid cell comprising the boundary condition zone will be assigned the specifi
158. pectively This chapter presents information on the following topics Creating a New Surface General Settings Interpolation Settings Deleting a Surface 110 Chapter 6 Creating Surfaces 6 1 Creating a New Surface To create a new surface follow the steps below From the Data Explorer right click anywhere and select Create Surface from the pop up menu The Create Surface dialog will display Specify the general settings described in the following section General Settings Enter a unique name for the surface in the Surface Name field and a description of the surface optional in the Description text box The Data Source frame allows you to select the point data object s from which the surface will be created Creating a New Surface 111 Adding a Data Source From the Data Explorer select the desired Point data object from which the surface will be interpolated Click the Add button to add the point data object to the Data Source frame Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to create a single surface from multiple point data objects Repeat the steps above to add additional points data objects to the Data Source frame For each data source select the Z Value from the combo box shown below The Z value can be any numeric attribute stored in the points data source e g Elevation Conductivity etc Next click the Interpolation Settings tab to define the interpolation settings for
159. phic and hydrogeologic field data into your project using the flexible Hydro GeoBuilder import utility Some examples of data that can be imported include Vertical or Horizontal Wells including well heads screen intervals pumping schedules observation points well tops observation data and well path information 8 Chapter 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder Surfaces e g digital elevation models Shapes including polygons polylines and points Cross Sections geology hydrogeology and model interpretation data generated in Hydro GeoAnalyst software 3D Gridded data including TecPlot grids or MODFLOW heads HDS Site maps raster images e g satellite imagery topographic maps or aerial photographs of model region Time Schedules e g pumping schedules hydrographs Once the data is imported you can manipulate the geometry and attribute data by applying arithmetic or geometric operations or by manually editing data using the interactive 2D Viewer Related chapters Chapter 2 Project Management Chapter 3 Importing Data Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Chapter 5 Data Viewers Chapter 6 Creating Surfaces Create a Conceptual Model Once you have imported your data into Hydro GeoBuilder you can create your conceptual model using the data as building blocks Define the geometry of the conceptual model using a polygon and surface data objects Create property zo
160. porting Viewers 105 Table of Contents iv Creating a New Data Object 106 Digitizing amp Editing Geometry in 2D Viewers 107 6 Creating Surfaces 109 Creating a New Surface 110 Surface Settings 114 Deleting a Surface 114 7 Creating a Conceptual Model 117 Creating a New Conceptual Model 118 Conceptual Model Settings 119 Deleting a Conceptual Model 120 8 Defining Horizons 121 Creating Horizons
161. ption select the adjacent color swatch and select the desired color to fill the cells If you select Color by Attribute you can color each cell according to a specified attribute e g heads Color by attribute settings can be defined by selecting the Color node located under the Cells node For more information on the color by attribute feature please refer to Color By Attribute on page 82 The Show only Active Zone check box allows you to show hide inactive grid cells 92 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Isosurfaces The IsoSurface node allow you to create and modify one or more isosurfaces from 3D gridded attribute data An isosurface is a 3D planar surface defined by a constant parameter value in 3D space Isosurfaces are typically used for demonstrating the spatial distribution of a selected parameter For groundwater modeling purposes isosurfaces are generally used for representing the spacial distribution of heads drawdowns and concentrations Creating an Isosurface To create an isosurface follow the steps below From the Attribute Name combo box select the attribute from which the isosurface is to be created Specify the attribute value in the Attribute Value field Select the color method from the Color box The isosurface can be displayed as a solid color Custom or rendered by a specified attribute ByAttribute Use the Visible check box to show hide the isosurface Use the Show Border
162. ption will apply the boundary condition to the bottom layer of the simulation domain Side Selecting this option will allow you to apply the boundary condition to a single side or combination of sides of the simulation domain When this option is selected you will be required to define the geometry of the boundary condition by selecting the desired sides of the simulation domain using an interactive 3D Viewer For more information on how to do this please see Defining Boundary Condition Geometry Sides on page 163 Intermediate Selecting this option will allow you to assign the boundary condition to an intermediate model layer within the simulation domain by specifying a Connection Elevation value Upon translation Hydro GeoBuilder will assign the boundary condition to the appropriate model layer based on the defined connection elevation value Specifying Boundary Condition Geometry Horizontal The next step is to define the geometry of the boundary condition Boundary conditions that are applied to the top bottom or intermediate layers can be defined by using a Polygon areal or Polyline linear data object from the Data Explorer From the Data Explorer simply the polygon or polyline data object that Defining a New Boundary Condition 161 represents the geometry of the boundary condition and then click the button to insert the data object into the Select a polyline or polygon from the Data Explorer field Note S
163. r Screen Top and Screen Bottom should be entered as a measured depth MD along the wellbore with respect to the well head see image below Viewing the Data Table 67 Adding Pumping Well Schedule The Pumping Schedule table is used to enter the well pumping rates for specified time periods Negative pumping rate values are used for extraction wells and positive pumping rates are used for injection wells Pumping well schedules are defined for well screens and therefore a screen must exist before a pumping schedule can be defined To add pumping schedule items to the pumping schedule table follow the steps below Make sure the Screens option is selected from the Data to Display box Select a Well from the Well Head table and a Screen from the Screen Table if multiple screens exist Click the Add Row button from the Pumping Schedule toolbar to add a new item to the table Enter a Start time value and press the lt Tab gt key to advance to the End time field Enter an End time value and press the lt Tab gt key to advance to the Rate field Enter a pumping Rate value remember to use a negative value for extraction wells Press the lt Tab gt key again to create a new schedule item The final time in the pumping schedule should have a pumping rate of 0 to indicate the stop time Note If the pumping schedule is not specified for the entire length of the transient simulation then it will assume the
164. r defining the slice elevations in the third dialog of the finite element mesh creation wizard shown below The options available for defining slice elevations are similar to those for defining slice elevations for finite difference grids For information on these settings e g grid types min layer thickness and layer refinement please refer to Defining the Vertical Grid on page 177 Once the vertical mesh settings have been defined click the Finish button to generate the finite element mesh The finite element mesh will now appear in the Conceptual Model tree under the Model Domain node where it can be displayed in a 2D or 3D Viewer window and used in finite element model translation Creating a Finite Element Mesh 191 192 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization Translating a Conceptual Model to a Numerical Model 193 13 Translating to Numerical Model Hydro GeoBuilder allows you to translate your conceptual model to a finite difference model for running in Visual MODFLOW or to a finite element model for running in FEFLOW During translation Hydro GeoBuilder automatically populates the specified grid or mesh with the defined geological formations boundary conditions and property zone attributes and creates the necessary input files for loading into your desired simulator For finite difference models Hydro GeoBuilder will generate the MODFLOW input data files required for loading into Visual MODFLOW For finite el
165. r supports the Lake LAK3 package for MODFLOW After translation the Lake input data for MODFLOW is stored in the projectname LAK file Currently translation of this boundary condition is not supported for finite element models The lake boundary condition can be used to simulate the effects of stationary surface water bodies such as lakes and reservoirs on an aquifer The lake boundary is an alternative to the traditional approach of using the general head boundary condition The main difference in the lake boundary is that the lake stage is calculated automatically based on the water budget which is a function of inflow outflow recharge etc For more information on the Lake package please refer to USGS publication Documentation of a Computer Program to Simulate Lake Aquifer Interaction Using the MODFLOW Ground Water Flow Model and the MOC3D Solute Transport Model Required Data The lake package requires the following input parameters Stage The initial stage of the lake at the beginning of the run Bottom The elevation of the bottom of the seepage layer bedding material of the surface water body Leakance A numerical parameter representing the resistance to flow between the boundary head and the model domain this field is read only and is calculated using formula described below Boundary Conditions Overview 153 Lakebed Thickness Thickness of the lakebed seepage layer Lakebed Conductivity Vertica
166. re information 22 Chapter 2 Project Management 23 3 Importing Data Introduction Hydro GeoBuilder supports importing data from various standard data types to allow you flexibility in constructing your conceptual model Data can be imported and used in several ways spatial data can be used to delineate and visualize geometry of structural zones horizons and features of your conceptual model while attribute data can be used in assigning properties to structural zones and attributes to boundary conditions Please see Appendix A Supported Data Types on page 207 for an overview the supported data types and their uses in Hydro GeoBuilder About the Import Process The data import process in Hydro GeoBuilder varies slightly depending on the data type being imported However in general the importing process consists of the following steps 1 Select the data type and source file 2 Specify the coordinate system and datum of the source data 3 Map the source data fields with required target fields and optionally create attribute fields 4 Data preview and validation The following sections provide additional information on the import process for each data type Importing Points page 24 Importing Polylines page 30 Importing Polygons page 32 Importing Surfaces page 33 Importing Wells page 34 Importing 3D Gridded Data page 41 Importing Cross Sections page 44 Imp
167. res in the polygon add ins are listed in a table under the Polygon ID column When a feature is selected it is highlighted yellow in the adjacent 2D Viewer Select the polygon feature that represents that area of the mesh for which refinement is to be performed In the adjacent field under the Number of Elements column enter the desired number of element that should exist in polygon area 3D Builder will automatically refine the underlying triangles to equal the prescribed number of elements for the polygon area Once you have defined the refinement for the polygon features click the OK button to apply the settings Generating the Horizontal Mesh Once the above settings have been defined click the Generate button to generate the horizontal mesh Once generated the Triangle output results e g number of mesh vertices triangles edges etc are displayed in the text box above the Generate button These results may be copied to the clipboard by right clicking anywhere inside the box and selecting Copy to Clipboard from the pop up menu 190 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization The generated mesh will also display in the adjacent 2D Viewer window If you are not satisfied with the mesh you can modify the settings and regenerate the mesh by selecting the Generate button again 12 4 2 Defining Slice Elevations The third step in the finite element mesh creation involves defining slice elevations Various settings are available fo
168. rmine the appropriate dimensions and rotation for the numerical grid Simply select a data object from the Data Explorer and then click the Add Data Object button to show the data object in the 2D Viewer The Xmin and Ymin values refer to the X Y coordinates of the bottom left corner of the numerical grid The Xmax and Ymax values refer to the X Y coordinates of the top right corner of the numerical grid The Columns and Rows fields allow you to define the Grid Size The maximum grid size supported by Hydro GeoBuilder is 5000 rows by 5000 columns NOTE If you intend on importing the numerical model into Visual MODFLOW the grid size cannot be larger than 500 grid lines 499 columns in the X direction by 500 grid lines 499 rows in the Y Direction by 200 layers in the Z direction If these dimensions are insufficient for a specific problem please contact SWS for a customized version of Visual MODFLOW compiled specifically for the grid dimensions required Click the Next button to proceed to define the vertical discretization 12 1 2 Defining the Vertical Grid The first step in defining the vertical grid is selecting the Grid Type There are three different grid types Deformed Uniform and Deformed Uniform Each grid type is described in the following sections 178 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization Grid Types Deformed In a deformed grid the tops and bottoms of the model layers conform to the horizons elevation You can refi
169. rom and multiplied by the existing attribute values To apply an attribute operation follow the steps below Select the desired expression from the Select Operation combo box If you are unsure of what the expression does refer to the provided description in the Description and Instructions text box In the Input Parameters frame select an attribute from the combo box under the Value column Enter a value in the Constant field under the Value column Optional Select the Save As New Data Object check box to save the transformed data as a new data object Click the Execute button to apply the operation Creating an Attribute from 3D Gridded Data Object For Points and Surface data objects only Performing Operations on Data 73 This operation allows you to create a new attribute using 3D Gridded data for surface and points data objects This feature can be useful after you have run the numerical model simulation using Visual MODFLOW and you have imported the HDS file back into Hydro GeoBuilder as a 3D Gridded data object for visualizing the heads in 3D Viewer The head information in the 3D Gridded data object can be extracted and interpolated for a surface or points data object You can then use the Color by Attribute feature See Color By Attribute on page 82 to display the heads information on the surface or points data object Likewise this can be used for visualizing any attribute contained in a 3D Grid
170. s MDB Excel XLS For Points data the following data must exist in separate columns in your source data X Y Elevation Attribute 1 optional e g conductivity Attribute 2 optional e g layer 2 elevation etc To import points data follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu The import dialog will open Importing Points 25 Select Points from the Data Type drop down list Click the button and locate the source file Enter a Name and a Description optional for the imported data and click Next to continue The next step allows you to preview the source data before importing and will vary depending on which file type is selected For CSV and TXT files shown below select the appropriate delimiter from the Delimiters frame e g if it is a CSV file you would select comma Specify which row to start importing from using the From row selector For XLS files shown below select which Excel worksheet to import from the Select Worksheet drop down list Also you can choose which row to import from using the From row selector 26 Chapter 3 Importing Data For MDB files shown below you can choose to import data from a table or a query by selecting either the View Tables or View Queries radio button Select the desired query table from the Select Table or Query drop down list box Nex
171. s multiple polygons A complex polygon is a polygon that intersects with itself Conceptual Model Settings 119 The Coordinate System is automatically set to the project s coordinate system and cannot be modified Click the Ok button to save the settings and to create the conceptual model Conceptual Model Tree Once a conceptual model is created a new conceptual model tree is added to the Conceptual Model Explorer The conceptual model tree sets up the workflow for structural and property modeling assigning boundary conditions numerical grid creation and numerical model translation A typical conceptual model tree is shown below The Model Boundary node allows you to show hide the conceptual model boundary in a 2D or 3D Viewer The Structure folder allows you to define the horizons and structural zones of the conceptual model For more information on structural modeling please see Defining Horizons on page 121 The Properties node allows you to define property zones for the conceptual model For more information on property modeling please see Property Modeling on page 129 The Simulation Domain node allows you to define the simulation model domain assign boundary conditions and generate numerical model grids For more information on these topics please see Chapter 10 Simulation Model Domain Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization respectively 7 2 Conceptual Model Setti
172. s rotate the label and control the gap between the label and the axis itself The final step involves previewing the raster image and viewing coordinate information before importing into Hydro GeoBuilder The Map Coordinates frame provides the georeferenced coordinates of the Top Right and Bottom Left corners of the image The path of the georeferenced image and the associated georeference tag file is also shown Click the Finish button to import the map into Hydro GeoBuilder 3 9 Importing Time Schedules Time schedule data generally contains time data for one or more attributes It can be used in Hydro GeoBuilder to define the stress periods for transient boundary condition attributes e g recharge river stage etc The following file types are supported for time schedule data Excel XLS 54 Chapter 3 Importing Data Time schedule data can be imported using either an absolute or relative time format An example of an absolute time schedule is shown below An example of a relative time schedule is shown below Starting Date 11 01 2008 To import time schedule data follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu Select Time Schedule from the Data Type drop down list Click the button and locate the source file Enter a Name and a Description for the imported data and click Next to continue The next step allows you to previ
173. ser Interface 10 Main Window 10 V Vertical Exaggeration 101 View Mode 104 Virutal Grid 103 W Well Head 66 Well Path 69 Well Screens 66 Well Table 65 Horizontal Wells 69 Vertical Wells 65 Well Tops 68
174. sient from the combo box If the Steady State option is selected 3D Builder will prepare the data set for a steady state flow simulation and will automatically use the data from the first stress period of each boundary condition and pumping well defined in your conceptual model If the Transient Flow option is selected 3D Builder will automatically merge all the different time period data defined for each pumping well and boundary condition into the stress period format required by FEFLOW Translating a Conceptual Model to a Numerical Model 201 Flow Type Select the flow type of the problem class Choose from the following options Saturated media groundwater unsaturated media Unsaturated steady state linearized Richards equation Translation Format The output FEM file generated by 3D Builder during translation is currently compatible with FEFLOW v 5 3 11 or later Start Date The default start date is the date specified in the conceptual model settings The Start Date of the model is the date corresponding to the beginning of the simulation This date is relevant only for transient flow simulations where recorded field data may be used for defining time schedules for selected boundary conditions Start Time Specify the simulation start time The Start Time of the model is the time corresponding to the beginning of the simulation This time is relevant only for transient flow simulations where recorded data may be imported
175. sing a Constant Value From Surface data object From Shapefile Polygon or Polyline From Time Schedule data objects 142 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling From Spatial Attribute 3D Gridded Data data object This chapter presents information on the following topics Boundary Conditions Overview Defining a New Boundary Condition Defining a Pumping Well Boundary Condition Defining Other Boundary Conditions Specifying Boundary Condition Type and Location Specifying Boundary Condition Geometry Horizontal Defining Polyline Zones Defining Boundary Condition Geometry Sides Defining Boundary Condition Parameters Modifying Boundary Conditions Deleting Boundary Conditions 11 1 Boundary Conditions Overview The following sections present an overview of the boundary condition packages supported in Hydro GeoBuilder Each section includes a brief description of the boundary condition including the input data required by MODFLOW and the supported data objects for defining the boundary condition geometry For information on how to create a boundary condition please skip to Defining a New Boundary Condition on page 155 11 1 1 Pumping Well The pumping well boundary condition is used to simulate wells or other features that withdraw water from or add water to the model at a constant rate during a stress period where the rate is independent of both the cell area and head in the cel
176. sing the model boundary polygon geometry and optionally one or more add ins Add ins are lines points or polygons within the model boundary which Hydro GeoBuilder uses as focal points to create nodes during finite element mesh creation By default the Add ins List contains the model boundary and any linear or point boundary condition currently defined for the conceptual model Additional add ins may be added to the list using data objects from the Data Explorer Note To avoid unstable mesh designs it is recommended that all add in objects are pre processed such that there is equal spacing between vertices on polygons and polylines Data object geometry can be edited using the 2D Viewer editing tools For more information please see Digitizing amp Editing Geometry in 2D Viewers on page 107 186 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization To add an add in using a data object from the Data Explorer Leaving the Define Finite Element Mesh window open select the desired data object from the Data Explorer In the Define Finite Element Mesh window select the Add in Lines Points Polygons button located below the Add ins List An Add in may be included or excluded in the mesh creation by checking or unchecking the corresponding check box respectively When an add in is checked it will also be displayed in the adjacent 2D Viewer preview window 12 4 1 Defining the Horizontal Mesh Settings In the second dialog in
177. source file If the data is expressed with respect to a vertical reference datum e g above mean sea level then select Elevation If the vertical data is expressed as a depth e g distance from ground to the bottom of the well then select Measured Depth 36 Chapter 3 Importing Data Next select the type of vertical well data to import horizontal wells not supported Select the Well Heads Only option to import just the well heads i e X Y coordinates elevation and well depth for each well Select the Well Heads with the Following Data option to import additional data for each well Options include Note For data requirements for each option please see the next step Data Mapping Screen ID Location Import the screen locations for each well Select the Pumping Schedule check box to also import related pumping schedules for each screen This data could be used later to define pumping well boundary conditions Observation Points Import observation points for each well Select either Observed heads Observed Concentrations or both Well tops Import the elevation or measured depth of points along the well path where formation tops horizons intersect with the well This data could be used later to generate surface and horizon layers Well Paths Please see Well Heads with Well Path on page 40 Once you have selected which well data to import click the Next button to proceed to the data mapping This ste
178. t select the Coordinate System of the data being imported If the coordinate system is different than the one defined in the project settings Hydro GeoBuilder will perform a geotransformation converting all coordinates to the project s coordinate system Click the Next gt gt button to continue to the next step Importing Points 27 Next you set your Data Mapping by mapping columns in the source data to the target fields in Hydro GeoBuilder A read only preview of the source data is presented The process of data mapping is described in the following section in greater detail Data Mapping The first column in the Data Mapping table named Target_Fields contains the required target fields for the data object The second column named Map_to allows you to match the fields in the source data to each required target field 28 Chapter 3 Importing Data If the column labels in the source data are identical to the labels of the target fields Hydro GeoBuilder will automatically map the columns for you However if the labels differ you must map the columns manually To map a source field to a target field select the corresponding source field from the drop list box in the Map_to column The drop down list displays the column headers in the data source file For example in the figure above the elevation field in the source data is labeled Z To map this field to the target field Elevation select Z from the ad
179. t select the Coordinate System of the image file If the coordinate system is different than the one defined in the project settings Hydro GeoBuilder will perform a geotransformation converting all coordinates to the project s coordinate system Click the Next button to continue to the next step All raster images must be georeferenced before importing into Hydro GeoBuilder If the selected raster image has already been georeferenced it should have an associated georeferencing tag file and does not need to be georeferenced in Hydro GeoBuilder Please note that the georeferencing tag file must be located in the same folder as the selected source file in order for Hydro GeoBuilder to recognize it The following table summarizes the supported graphics file types and the corresponding georeferencing tag files Raster Source Georef Tag File BMP BPW TIF TFW JPG JPW 48 Chapter 3 Importing Data If your source file has a georeferencing tag file you can skip to the final step on page page 53 If the source file does not have a georeferencing tag file you will be prompted to manually georeference the raster image This procedure is described in the following section 3 8 1 Georeferencing Images Georeferencing a graphics file involves mapping a coordinate system to the individual pixels of the image When this is required the following window will display when importing a raster image Toolbar Buttons
180. ta along with a reason for why they are deemed invalid The data validation rules for each mapped column are as follows X and Y values must be a numeric value and present in each row of the mapped data Data columns will be deemed invalid if Hydro GeoBuilder detects a null blank field Data in each column must satisfy the specified data type If invalid data exists you can choose to import this data anyway Otherwise you can select the Do not import rows with warnings check box and Hydro GeoBuilder will not import any rows deemed invalid In the bottom half of the dialog there are two options Show only errors and warnings When selected only the records deemed invalid will be shown in the preview table Records that are deemed invalid will be colored either red error or yellow warning Show this amount When selected you can view a specified number of 30 Chapter 3 Importing Data records in the preview table below Enter a value and then click the Apply button to show the records both valid amp invalid in the preview table Click the Finish button to import the data Once imported a data object will be added in the Data Explorer 3 2 Importing Polylines Polyline data consists of a series of points vertices connected by lines Polyline data objects can be used in Hydro GeoBuilder for defining geometry and assigning attributes to linear boundary conditions such as River and Drain boundary c
181. ta objects To access the style settings right click on the well data object in the Data Explorer and select Settings from the pop up menu Then in the Settings dialog expand the Style node to view the style settings The Wells settings are divided into three sections Well Head Well Path and Well Tops Well Head The Well Head node provides options for changing the appearance of the well heads top of the wells 86 Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties When the General subnode is selected the following options are available Symbol Select the well head symbology from the combo box Choose from various symbols including circle square cross diamond etc Size Specify the size of the well heads Color Select a color the well heads Click the Apply button to view the change in an active 2D or 3D Viewer For information on the Labels node please see Labels on page 81 Well Path The Well Head node provides options for changing the appearance of the well path These options are described below Modifying Data Style Settings 87 When the General subnode is selected the following options are available Show Lines Select this option to show hide the well path Type Specify the line type for the well path Choose between a solid line or a dashed line Width Specify the width of the well paths Color Select a color the well paths Click the Apply button to view the change in an act
182. te the horizons Once created the horizons will be added to the Conceptual Model Tree under the Horizons node shown below 126 Chapter 8 Defining Horizons 8 2 Editing and Deleting Horizons Once horizons are created you can make modifications to the horizon settings add and insert new horizons or delete horizons To do so follow the steps below From the Conceptual Model Tree expand the Structure node right click on the Horizons node and select Horizon Settings In the Horizon Settings dialog you can edit the Source Name and Type of the existing horizons You can Add or Insert a new horizon to the Horizon Information table by clicking on the appropriate button at the top of the dialog To delete a horizon click on the grey box located to the left of the blue arrow for the horizon that you want to delete Once the row is highlighted blue as shown in the image above click the Delete button Note The delete operation cannot be undone Any deleted horizons must be recreated Viewing Structural Zones 127 Once the changes are made to the Horizon Settings you can preview the modifications in the adjacent 3D Viewer by clicking on the Apply button Otherwise click the Ok button to save the settings 8 3 Viewing Structural Zones During the horizon creation process Hydro GeoBuilder automatically generates the structural zones between the defined horizons within the horizontal extent of the conceptual
183. the parameter value calculated for grid cell 4 Specifying Boundary Condition Data Boundary condition data can be specified by using the Data Input Grid Each column in the data input grid represents a required attribute for the selected boundary condition Xi XSP XSP XEP TVAR1 i LENGTH 168 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling For more information on the required parameters for each boundary condition please see the appropriate section under Boundary Conditions Overview on page 142 Attribute data can be defined for each zone in the boundary condition geometry polygon or polyline Simply select the feature for which attributes are to be defined from the Feature List select a zone from the Zone list and then define the attribute data in the Data Entry Grid Repeat this process for other features zones in the selected data object Note The selected zone will be highlighted yellow in the adjacent 2D Viewer preview If attribute data is not defined for certain zones these parts of the boundary condition will not be included during translation For polylines only it is possible to define attributes at line vertices In this case the Points List will become available where you can select the vertices that comprise the selected zone For more information on assigning attributes to points see Select the Method for Defining Attributes Polylines Only on
184. ting a Finite Difference Grid 183 12 2 1 Horizontal Grid Refinement The Grid Refinement dialog provides options for refining coarsening a numerical grid These options are described below Tip You can add data objects e g boundaries wells site maps from the data explorer to the 2D Viewer preview to assist you in determining the areas in which horizontal refinement coarsening should be applied Select the desired data objects from the Data Explorer and the data will be displayed in the 2D Viewer preview Select the Edit Rows radio button to add remove grid lines rows along the Y direction of the numerical grid or select the Edit column radio button to add remove grid lines columns along the X direction of the numerical grid 184 Chapter 12 Model Domain Discretization From the Select Editing Options combo box select either Refine in an interval or Coarsen in an interval Refining in an interval will add rows columns within a specified interval where coarsening in an interval will remove rows columns in a specified interval In the Settings frame define the row column interval for which the refinement coarsening should be applied by specifying the Start row column and the End row column For example if you would like to refine the grid area between row 20 and 30 you would enter 20 as the start row and 30 as the end row Finally specify the refinement coarsening factor in the Refine by box For example if refine in an
185. tion The cross section can contain geology hydrogeology and model layer interpretation layers When imported into Hydro GeoBuilder this data can be used for generating surfaces and horizons from interpretation layers or simply for visualization purposes To import a cross section file in Hydro GeoBuilder follow the steps below Right click in the Data Explorer and select Import Data from the pop up menu Select Cross Section from the Data Type drop down list Click the button and locate the source file Enter a Name and a Description for the data and click Next to continue Next select the Coordinate System of the cross section If the coordinate system is different than the one defined in the project settings Hydro GeoBuilder will perform a geotransformation converting all coordinates to the project s coordinate system Click the Next button to continue to the next step The final step involves selecting the elevation units and previewing the cross section data 46 Chapter 3 Importing Data At the top of the dialog specify the cross section elevation units from the drop down list box You can choose from metres or feet The Source File Data frame contains information about the selected source file Here you can preview the Number of Cross sections in the source file along with the cross section names The Number of wells in the source data is shown along with the well names Finally the num
186. tive data viewers 3D Viewer and 2D Viewer The 3D Viewer is based on OpenGL graphics technology allowing you to visualize graphically rich three dimensional representations of your data The 2D Viewer allows you to view your data from a planar perspective and provides various tools for editing and drawing data objects This chapter presents information on the following topics Opening a New 2D or 3D Viewer Working with Viewers Modifying Viewer Settings Viewer Controls Linking 2D Viewers with Attribute Tables Exporting Viewers Creating a New Data Object Digitizing amp Editing Geometry in 2D Viewers 5 1 Opening a New 2D or 3D Viewer There are two ways in which you can launch a 2D or 3D Viewer in Hydro GeoBuilder From the Main Menu or from the Data Explorer From the Main Menu To launch a new 2D or 3D Viewer from the Main Menu select Window from the Hydro GeoBuilder main menu and select either 2D Viewer or 3D Viewer 96 Chapter 5 Data Viewers From the Data Explorer Once data has been imported into your project you can launch viewers from the Data Explorer Right click on a data object and select 2D Viewer or 3D Viewer from the pop up menu A new viewer will then launch displaying the selected data object Please note that the viewers listed in the pop up menu depend on which data object is selected see table under Displaying Data in Viewers on page 99 5 2 Working with Viewers
187. to a Numerical Model 195 The default file name is Project_name NAM and the default directory on your computer is Project Folder Numerical Models Translation Log File When a numerical model is translated in Hydro GeoBuilder a log file is automatically generated and saved on your computer By default the log file name is Project_Name LOG and the directory is Project Name Numerical Models Click the button to specify a new file name and directory Simulator Currently Hydro GeoBuilder supports translation for the following numeric engines MODFLOW 2000 MODFLOW 2005 MODFLOW 2005 Local Grid Refinement LGR See Running MODFLOW LGR Simulation on page 203 Property Package Select the type of property package to use for translation Choose either the Layer Property Flow LPF package or the Block Center Flow BCF6 package Numerical Grid Select which numerical grid to use from the combo box The combo box contains all numerical grids created for the conceptual model Simulation Type Select Steady State or Transient from the combo box If the Steady State option is selected Hydro GeoBuilder will prepare the data set for a steady state flow simulation and will automatically use the data from the first stress period of each boundary condition and pumping well defined in your conceptual model If the Transient Flow option is selected Hydro GeoBuilder will automatically merge all the different ti
188. to a new location in the 2D Viewer Rescale Select a shape element and stretch or shrink the geometry by selecting and dragging a side or corner of the blue box Rotate Select a shape element and rotate the geometry clockwise or anti clockwise by selecting and holding the blue box while moving the mouse 108 Chapter 5 Data Viewers Delete Shape Delete the selected shape Undo All Undo all edits This button will revert the data object back to its original geometry If you are editing an existing polyline or polygon data object the Selector combo box located at the bottom of the 2D Viewer allows you to select and modify the points vertices that comprise the features in the data object For example if you are editing a polyline data object you can select Points from the Selector combo box and each vertex that comprises each polyline will become active allowing you to add move or delete the vertices When the Selector combo box is set to Points the following icons are added to the 2D Viewer sidebar Add Vertex Add a vertex to a polyline or polygon feature by placing your mouse in the desired location on the line or polygon boundary and clicking the left mouse button Move Vertex Select and hold the left mouse button and move the vertex to a new location the line or polygon boundary Delete Vertex When selected select a vertex to remove from a line and or polygon boundary Once you have created modified the
189. to define the horizons of your conceptual model Note This feature is available for model layer interpretations only To create points data objects from cross section interpretation model layers follow the steps below From the Select Operation combo box select Convert Model Interpretations to Points Data Object default Click the Execute button to apply the operation Once the points data objects are created they will be added to the Data Explorer where they can be used to create surface layers 4 3 4 Converting Well Tops to Points Data Object For Wells data objects only This operation allows you to create a new points data object for each well top formation in a wells data object The resulting points data objects can then be used to create Performing Operations on Data 75 surfaces which can be used to define the horizons of a conceptual model Well top data can either be included during data import or they can be manually defined in the well table view For information on defining well tops please see Adding Well Tops on page 68 To access this operation right click on the desired wells data object in the Data Explorer and select Settings from the pop up menu In the Settings dialog select the Operations node and a window similar to the one shown below will display To create new points data objects from well top formation follow the steps below Select the Convert well tops to points
190. to the simulator of your choice If you chose to create a finite difference model import the translated MODFLOW files into Visual MODFLOW and run the simulation using one of the numeric engines Model output results can be analyzed in Visual MODFLOW or imported back into Hydro GeoBuilder for visualizing in a 3D Viewer If you chose to create a finite element model import the translated FEM file into FEFLOW to make further changes or run the simulation Related chapters Chapter 13 Importing into Visual MODFLOW Note Hydro GeoBuilder is fully supported by Visual MODFLOW 4 3 Using with older versions is not recommended however you may attempt to use Hydro GeoBuilder with Visual MODFLOW 4 0 and higher 10 Chapter 1 Introduction to Hydro GeoBuilder 1 4 Hydro GeoBuilder User Interface 1 4 1 Main Window The Hydro GeoBuilder main window is shown below followed by a descriptions of the different sections Main Menu Provides access to various menu commands e g Save Open New New 3D Window New 2D Window Help etc Main Toolbar Provides short cut buttons for various commands e g New project Open project Save Project and view Online Help Data Explorer Allows you to manage imported and digitized data objects When a project is opened right clicking in this space will display a pop up menu which allows you to perform various tasks including Import data View spreadsheet table Create new data obj
191. ttribute from the combo box and then click the OK button to close the dialog box From Time Schedule Transient only This method allows you to use a time schedule data object for defining the stress periods and values of a transient attribute When this method is selected click the Use Time Schedule button to launch the Time Schedule dialog From the Data Explorer select the desired time schedule data object and then click the button to insert it into the Select Time Schedule Object field Once selected the data objects attributes are listed in the combo box below Select the desired attribute value from the combo box and then click the OK button to close the dialog box From Surface This method allows you to define boundary condition attributes using an existing Surface data object Upon translation attribute values are calculated from the specified surface data object A surface data object can be useful for defining an elevation attribute i e River Stage Head Lakebed Bottom etc Note The surface data object must cover the entire conceptual model domain area When this method is selected click the From Surface button to launch the Static Data Control dialog shown below To specify a surface data object Select the desired surface from the Data Explorer Click the button to insert the surface data object into the attribute field Repeat for other attributes that have been assigned this method Cli
192. use an existing 3D gridded data object to define spatially variable attribute values When this method is selected the Use 3D Grid button will become active Click the Use 3D Grid button to launch the Provide Data dialog box shown below From the Data Explorer select the desired 3D Gridded data object and then click the button to insert it into the Select 3D Gridded Data Object field Once selected the data objects attributes are listed in the combo box below Select the desired attribute value from the combo box and then click the Ok button to close the dialog box Editing Property Zones 135 Note The specified 3D Gridded data object must horizontally and vertically overlap the defined property zone geometry or else the data object cannot be used Use Shapefile The Use Shapefile method is only available when you define the property zone geometry using a polygon data object This method allows you to assign an attribute value using an attribute from the specified polygon data object When this method is selected the Use Shapefile button will become active Click the Use Shapefile button to launch the Provide Data dialog box shown below The combo box contains all the attributes of the specified polygon used to define the horizontal geometry of the property zone Select the desired attribute from the combo box and then click the Ok button to close the dialog box Once the property zone attributes have been defined click the F
193. ve viewer To remove data from a viewer select the check box beside the data object so that it appears empty or unchecked Please note that some data objects may not be viewable in the 3D or 2D Viewers 100 Chapter 5 Data Viewers When a data object is displayed in a viewer it will appear as defined in the data object settings For more information on viewing and modifying data object settings please see Chapter 4 Data Settings and Properties Layer Ordering in 2D Viewer Layer ordering in 2D Viewer is determined by the sequence in which data objects are added to the viewer For example if two data objects completely overlap each other the data object added last will appear on top of the other You can bring layers to the top by using the Layer combo box located at the bottom of the 2D Viewer window The Layer combo box contains all of the layers currently displayed in the 2D Viewer Select a layer from the combo box to bring it to the top of the layer order 5 4 Modifying Viewer Settings The following settings are available in both 3D and 2D Viewers Changing the Background Color To change the background color of a 2D or 3D Viewer right click anywhere within the viewer and select Background Color from the pop up menu The Color combo box will display on your screen Select a new color and then click the OK button Showing the Viewer Axis To show or hide the viewer axis right click anywhere within the v
194. wn below 156 Chapter 11 Boundary Modeling Type in a unique name for the pumping well boundary condition in the Name field This name will appear in the Conceptual Model tree under Boundary Condition node when the boundary condition is created Type in a description of the boundary condition in the Description field optional Select a pumping wells data object from the Data Explorer and then click the button to insert the data object into the Select Wells Data Object field Click the Next button to proceed to the next step The next step involves selecting which wells to include in the pumping well boundary condition Highlight the desired wells from the list Press the CTRL key on your keyboard to make multiple selections or press CTRL A to select all the wells in the table Click the Show button to preview the selected wells in a 3D Viewer Click the Next button to proceed to the next step In the next dialog shown below Hydro GeoBuilder validates the selected pumping well data and highlights any wells that do not meet the data requirements Defining a New Boundary Condition 157 Each pumping well must satisfy the following requirements in order to be deemed valid The pumping well must located within the simulation domain A screen must be defined for the pumping well A pumping schedule must be defined for the pumping Wells that do not meet these requirements will b

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