GS LTN 002 - V1.1.1 - Low Throughput Networks (LTN
Contents
1. ETSI 5 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 1 Scope The present document aims to e describe the characteristics of the architecture of a Low Throughput Network illustrate the applicability of LTN in industrial communication e highlight the specificity of LTN deployment 2 References References are either specific identified by date of publication and or edition number or version number or non specific For specific references only the cited version applies For non specific references the latest version of the referenced document including any amendments applies Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http docbox etsi org Reference NOTE While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity 2 1 Normative references The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document 1 ETSI GS LTN 001 Low Throughput Networks LTN Use Cases for Low Throughput Networks 2 2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area 1 1 Recommendation ITU T 1 113 Vocabulary of terms for broadband aspects of ISDN 1 2 ETSITS 127 007 V11 8 0 Digital cellular telecommunications system Phase 2 Universal2. Bernard HL2 Group SAS Marie Paule Odini Hewlett Packard Marylin Arndt Orange Nicolas Sornin Semtech Olivier Seller Semtech Patrick Favennec Covea Vincenzo La Tosa Elster ETSI ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 19 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 Annex B informative Bibliography ETSI TS 102 689 Machine to Machine communications M2M M2M service requirements ETSI TS 102 690 Machine to Machine communications M2M Functional architecture ETSI EN 300 220 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM Short Range Devices SRD Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW ETSI EN 300 113 1 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM Land mobile service Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data and or speech using constant or non constant envelope modulation and having an antenna connector Part 1 Technical characteristics and methods of measurement ETSI EN 300 113 2 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM Land mobile service Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data and or speech using constant or non constant envelope modulation and having an antenna connector Part 2 Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3 2 of the R amp TTE Directive FCC CFR 47 Part 15 Telecommunication Radio Frequency Devices ETSI EN 300 328 Ele
3. direction between specified reference points per unit time see 1 1 3 2 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document the following abbreviations apply ADSL Asymetric Digital Subscriber Line API Application Programming Interface AT Attention BSS Business Support System CRA Central Registration Authority CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check GSM Global Mobile System IP Internet Protocol IS Information System LAP LTN Access Point LEP LTN End Point LTN Low Throughput Network NID UNB Node Identifier NM Network Management OSS Operation Support System OSSS Orthogonal Sequence Spread Spectrum PAC Porting Authorization Code SAS Service As Software SIM Subscriber Identity Module SPI Serial Physical Interface UNB Ultra Narrow Band WAN Wide Area Network 4 Low Throughput Networks Wireless machine to machine M2M is currently using either GSM networks or proprietary radio networks A number of M2M use cases require long battery life and long range coverage while using small payload and limited throughput LTN overcomes classical radio network limitation and complexity by optimizing the power consumption and the link budget This kind of networks is mainly dedicated for user data collection but can also provide bidirectional features such as acknowledge mechanism and Geo localization The LTN has an optimized link budget and connexion less access scheme suitable for battery operated LEP The LTN high link budget allow
4. ie italia 6 5 NS eae ana EEA E A RAPT ENTE O A A FEU ES A IEEE 7 6 ECIN AA OWN aaran a e a oh o te ae A 10 6 1 Ro AAA an pe e O OO A 10 6 2 Ri do AMA 11 7 Overall Sy StGimre q Items iS R 12 7 1 O EE A EAE ETE E TE PEA E AA EASTA A TETT 12 7 1 1 OW IN module characters e le et o el da ad o el a a a al a 12 TZ ELN RONNI onani e ao o e ls e a 13 7 3 LA e e e e o o e a art ae 13 7 3 1 ETNTIIOTONCES A a ed lee O ee do 13 Tedd LEN messages manage Moll sags ce seleeec ts dspace n eel Setanta a adi en eave a ee Seared tore tales 13 7 3 3 LEN Network Mana comenta O iene 13 7 3 4 EENS ON 14 7 3 4 1 ETN Messave PrOCESSINE nasri caora anir a S a ricas 14 VD AZ Networks manas Men riales 14 7 4 CRA Gor UNE implementation Only ade 14 8 terrace desp oia 15 8 1 Tata el Re Gh A A E A PRUETT ERENT eee eet RET Ce TINT Siena RT a eS Tea 15 8 2 Tata ol Be Ghee nee mR mee em A A TE MONE Ue SNS DUTT NEE IO TRIS COREG eee STEN TERT eR en 15 8 3 Tata ole Vota Coens outer mre A TU One DUTT UNNI Tene Net eT STEN TERT Ree 15 8 4 O A NO 15 8 5 ata el Re Gk A A O OR 15 8 6 A ss se as eect he eens ces eae see ccs ON 15 8 7 A A 15 8 8 O O 15 8 9 A A erase RC O O E AO 15 9 Interoperability scenario and DEPO Mt iina eels 16 Annex A informative Authors amp contributorS sesesecseseococesescocosescocoseseccososeseocoseseccoseseococosesessoses 18 Annex B informative BDO SEAD IY ossa EN ENAN 19 PP EA ATE ANARE N AE E AE IOIA A AEA AA coisa TAT A EA AT OAN
5. AS enriched LTN Server sche Third parties Equipement LAP 1 n p e e ee ha Figure 5 Uplink data flow 6 2 Downlink data flow Downlink transmissions are available in LTN systems even if LTN is designed mainly for uplink transmissions as stated in use cases document GS LTN 001 1 When a downlink message is requested the application server sends a downlink message request to the LTN server The LTN server forwards the downlink message to the most appropriate LAP which transmits it to the LEP see figure 6 ETSI 12 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 LTN Centra Registration Authority Support System Business Support System Operation mw Interface A is A not defined in this document o i i R i i Authentication Authorization Accounting managament ITN message radio pro A Protocol LLC j Application Mactink Information Spvider Phy System i I I I I E I I I I 4 Device Management Networks Management Connection gt Commisioning LTN specific Third parties w SLTN Server _ Raw or enriched data aS SB BE FS BEES SS Se information Figure 6 Downlink data flow A Overall system requirements 7 1 LEP The device is made of two functional parts a data collector and a LTN module The interface between these two modules is out of scope of the present document but it i
6. E 20 ETSI 4 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI The information pertaining to these essential IPRs if any is publicly available for ETSI members and non members and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs Essential or potentially Essential IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards which is available from the ETSI Secretariat Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server http ipr etsi org Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy no investigation including IPR searches has been carried out by ETSI No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 or the updates on the ETSI Web server which are or may be or may become essential to the present document Foreword This Group Specification GS has been produced by ETSI Industry Specification Group ISG Low Throughput Networks LTN Modal verbs terminology In the present document shall shall not should should not may may not need need not will will not can and cannot are to be interpreted as described in clause 3 2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules Verbal forms for the expression of provisions must and must not are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation Introduction Low Throughput Netw
7. ETSI GS LTN 002 v1 1 1 2014 00 y GROUP SPECIHCATION Low Throughput Networks LTN Functional Architecture Disclaimer This document has been produced and approved by the Low Throughput Networks LTN ETSI Industry Specification Group ISG and represents the views of those members who participated in this ISG It does not necessarily represent the views of the entire ETSI membership 2 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 Reference DGS LTN 002 Keywords loT LTN M2M ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F 06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex FRANCE Tel 33 4 92 944200 Fax 33 4 93 65 47 16 Siret N 348 623 562 00017 NAF 742 C Association a but non lucratif enregistr e a la Sous Pr fecture de Grasse 06 N 7803 88 Important notice The present document can be downloaded from http www etsi org The present document may be made available in electronic versions and or in print The content of any electronic and or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and or in print the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status Information on the current status of this and ot
8. Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS LTE AT command set for User Equipment UE 3GPP TS 27 007 version 11 8 0 Release 11 1 3 ETSI TS 102 921 Machine to Machine communications M2M mla dla and mld interfaces 1 4 TIA 232 F Interface Between Data Terminal Equipment and Data Circuit Terminating Equipment Employing Serial Binary Data Interchange 1 5 NXP UM102014 PC bus Specification and user manual 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3 1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document the following terms and definitions apply average daily throughput average daily data volume per LTN Object backend systems information system that runs applications and back office features ETSI 6 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 bearers information transmission path of defined capacity delay and bit error rate collaborative reception ability to receive the signal of an LTN object by multiple antennas and LAP located on different locations collected data data coming from the application e g index value and coming from the LEP modem itself battery level T C etc instantaneous throughput raw data rate per frame per LEP interface specification document that defines the requirements for interoperability between architecture blocks payload part of a data stream representing the user information throughput parameter describing service speed NOTE The number of data bits successfully transferred in one
9. arties SLIN Server _ e ae Be eS Ss eee eS Se Equipement Flew uf E Raw or c a o E ES CE CH E E E E E E E Eg Figure 4 LTN functional architecture 6 LTN data flow 6 1 Uplink data flow A LEP with or without prior synchronization sends radio packets that shall be received by one or several LAPs Each LAP receiving the radio packet verifies the message consistency and forwards it through a secured IP link to a LTN server The server will deduplicate messages coming from several base stations check authentication authorization and accounting and make it available to the application provider server The messages can be pushed or pulled to the application sever through standard API see figure 5 ETSI 11 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 LTN Central Operation pa non Registration 1 Authority support r mud Business Interface A is A RB D A Support not defined in Pa W System this document MA A Authentication Authorization X Ko mm e 4 I E I I I I I I I i mana ement AS t Accounting I 1 TI TN mossage I pro Ang I I j Application I tormatior S ALOI I y System I 4 IIA io Device eet oo oe Management Networks Management mana ement Connectien SS eee mi SOLO r T y H 4 MIA he ee Vi ote i ee ON a E LTN specific Agent LIN server m m E Raw or
10. ce C is between the LTN server and the application provider it is based on Internet Protocols Standards It is similar to dla interface defined in smart M2M architecture 1 3 8 4 Interface D Interface D is between the LTN Central Registration Authority and the LTN servers it is based on the Internet Protocol Standards 8 5 Interface E Interface E is between several LTN servers based also on Internet Protocol standards and allow data exchange between several LTN servers in case of roaming 8 6 Interface F Interface F is between the LTN servers and the OSS BSS servers Based on Internet Protocols standards it allows exchange of data related to registration and or network status 8 Interface A The definition of this interface is out of scope of the present document It is the interface inside the LEP between the data collection system and the LTN Module Interface A should be implemented with AT commands over a serial link 8 8 Interface C The definition of this interface is out of scope of the present document It is the end user interface provided by the application provider 8 9 Interface F The definition of this interface is out of scope of the present document It is the interface between the application provider and the OSS BSS Server dedicated to the management of the LEP registration and or the Networks status It 1s based on Internet Protocol standards ETSI 16 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 9 Interope
11. ctromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM Wideband transmission systems Data transmission equipment operating in the 2 4 GHz ISM band and using wide band modulation techniques Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3 2 of the R amp TTE Directive OMA AD LightweightM2M V 1_0 20130607 D ETSI GS LTN 003 Low Throughput Networks LTN Protocols and Interfaces ETSI 20 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 Document history ETSI
12. e LTN message management As far as down link is concerned the radio front end comprises a transmitter duplexed or not which can handle transmission of one or multiple messages 7 3 2 LTN messages management The LTN messages management checks format integrity timestamps stores if required received messages and forwards them to the WAN connection Downlinks slot times are calculated within the LTN server and the actual time synchronization is implemented by this functional block Periodic beacon or broadcast transmission are implemented by this block 7 3 3 LTN Network Management agent The network management agent implements the monitoring and configuration function of the LAP such as spectrum monitoring radio configuration hardware and software status remote software upgrade and all services running on the LAP ETSI 7 3 4 7 3 4 1 14 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 LTN Server LTN Message processing This functional block performs the following features Message deduplication for cooperative reception see clause 7 2 Message Authentication Authorization and Accounting Message forwarding once authenticated to the Information System Manages and stores the LEP traffic history database Computes localization of LEP Optionally 1 3 4 2 Manages end device radio configuration e g data rate transmit power channel allocation Generates end device acknowledgement if required end device to LTN serve
13. hall be done with overlapping LAP coverage on the same frequency band in order to have cooperative reception of LEP messages The interfaces will be described below and except for interface A all interfaces are based on IP protocols with various physical bearers see figure 2 LTN entities implement functionalities that are LTN specific or common in cellular radio networks see figure 3 LTN SERVER T LTT IT a Ty i SECSRHREREETET MIDI a OSS BSS DT E HH Sia BR Sis dos Application Provider Server Figure 2 Overall architecture of LTN ETSI 9 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 LTN SERVER OSS BSS Application Provider Server Figure 3 Main interfaces in LTN ETSI 10 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 LTN Central Registretion Operation LTN Functional Architecture Authority Support r Paj 1 Business Interface A is d D A P B i Support not defined in gt 1 System this document PR EPE pa _ 1 Authentication Authorization Accounting gt ln 2 o O k I I I I I I I J management WAN Connection LTN NM y Agent i LAP 1 n serercrcacz LTN message processing Application Information provider System a ee ss eee ee SS Device Management r Networks Management management WAN Connection gt Commisioning LTN specific Third p
14. her ETSI documents is available at http portal etsi org tb status status asp If you find errors in the present document please send your comment to one of the following services http portal etsi org chaircor ETSI_ support asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014 All rights reserved DECT PLUGTESTS UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members 3GPP and LTE are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners GSM and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association ETSI 3 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 Contents lote lectual Proper RI SMSen ida 4 E 4 Modal VES terminolo iii a a leas lacras 4 E a mediate ees 4 l a led 5 2 REO e e od e e de a Gos 5 2l LIARA L E A EE AEE AEE E EE EI E E A A AET ESE E 5 2 PATOPMATI VE METCTOIM A NRO 5 3 Delitos and AIRES da le ha ear hte 5 3 1 DENIA ato od 5 3 2 PANTIES MALOS a etn cece cece et A I eet ccs ec tee sc IE cesta ia aio 6 4 Low Throushput Networks
15. ork LTN is a technology of wide area wireless network with specific characteristics compared to existing radio networks LTN enables long range data transportation distances up to 40 km in open field and has the capacity to communicate with underground equipment using minimal power consumption Furthermore the low throughput transmission combined with advanced signal processing provides effective protection against interference As a consequence LTN is particularly well adapted for low throughput machine to machine M2M traffic where latency may be low LTN can be applied to autonomous battery operated M2M devices that sends only a few bytes per day week or month LTN networks can cooperate with cellular networks addressing use cases where redundancy complementary or alternative connectivity is suitable The elements provided in the present document are intended to identify potential areas of standardization to ensure interoperability and provide guidelines for device modem and software solutions for vendors integrators and operators The present document is intended for an audience with a technical perspective whereas the use case document GS LTN 001 1 addresses a business oriented view on LTN Clause 5 describes the LTN architecture Clause 6 deals with uplink and downlink data flows Clause 7 describes the overall system requirements Clause 8 describes the various LTN interfaces Clause 9 deals with interoperability in LTN
16. r message delivery confirmation Updates downlink route and schedule downlink multicast Collects data for network management Networks management This functional block implements the following features LAP authentication Manage and monitor LAP connectivity over WAN Monitor the radio spectrum LAP components status monitoring Manage software upload All data are sent to the OSS system for display command and control of the network 1 4 CRA for UNB implementation only The main feature of the Central Registration Authority CRA block is to ensure the unique identifier for each LTN module and to provide secret keys to manufacturers Secondary features are Allocate and maintain the range of NID for LEP manufacturers Generate secrete keys Generate PAC Check PAC validity upon OSS BSS request ETSI 15 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 8 Interface description Except for interface A which is an air interface all interfaces use the Internet Protocol Standards therefore WAN connections should use secure links 8 1 Interface A Interface A is the air interface of LTN using two radio technologies UNB and OSSS A detailed description is available in the document LTN Protocols and Interfaces 1 8 2 Interface B Interface B is the interface between the LAPs and the LTN servers This interface uses common IP based WAN such as ADSL optical fiber terrestrial microwaves links or satellite 8 3 Interface C Interfa
17. rability scenario and deployment Three levels of interoperability are already defined Interoperability Al A LEP can embed two LTN modules UNB OSSS it allows to communicate with all J LTN access available OSS BSS _ Application Provider Server LEP OSSS UNB Figure 8 A1 interoperability Interoperability A2 A LAP can embed two LTN radio front ends UNB OSSS This LAP can receive and 0 transmit the messages coming from two LTN technologies LTN SERVER OSSS UNB Le E pan go E f oid it i LEP UNB D gt iE eae LAP lt Q gt i A plication LEP UNB OSSS al wer LEP OSSS a Figure 9 A2 interoperability ETSI 17 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 Interoperability B1 Allows connection of a LAP using UNB and a LAP using OSSS to the same LTN server LTN SERVER OSSS UNB ame gt ai CRA iili ereecrearese Ee ar EFEEERIRIREENE TIES yor gt p LEP UNB RES La na plication yr ovider vor Figure 10 B1 interoperability ETSI 18 Annex A informative Authors amp contributors The following people have contributed to the present document Rapporteur Dr Alain Gaudon Sigfox Other contributors Agneray Florent HL2 Group SAS Aurelien Cogoluegnes Hewlett Packard Dr Benoit Ponsard Kimeggi Christophe Fourtet Sigfox Francois Sforza Semtech Jean Schwoerer Orange Le Hetet
18. s also extended coverage range Initial manufacturing embeds LEP s credentials that enable plug and play implementation for the end users ETSI 7 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 LTN typical properties are A throughput around 200 Bytes per day typical to 5 kBytes per day maximum A Payload size of 12 Bytes maximum 255 Bytes Instantaneous Throughput 10 1 000 bit s 50 kbit s maximum peak with technology that allow an adaptive throughput correlate to the link budget Ability to handle up to 10 connected objects per inhabitant Ability to provide security functions between the LTN Object and application provider platform e g spoofing anti theft tempering rolling code etc Figure 1 illustrates a comparison between classical radio technologies and LTN in terms of range throughput and radiated power A A GAJ 10m 1Km 5Km 10 Km s Horizon Figure 1 Energy amp throughput range comparison 9 Architecture A LTN Network 1s composed of An object with LTN modem running LTN radio protocol Radio base stations LAP for reception and transmission of LTN radio packets LTN Server to store and forward application data manage the network ETSI 8 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 CRA server for safe managing identification codes of devices and base stations e An OSS BSS or application server in order to manage network and user messages LTN network deployment s
19. s recommended to be compatible with the AT Command standard 1 2 other serial link such as SPI bus RS232 1 4 I2C 1 5 or equivalent 7 1 1 LTN module characteristics This module collects data from the data collector and implements the radio interface Its key characteristics are UNB and OSSS radio technologies described in the following clauses LTN modem is only commissioned during the manufacturing process No other operation is required to operate the modem e g SIM card introduction e Each modem has a unique identifier The LTN module can work without any preliminary network synchronization allowing very low power consumption o The LTN module can send and receive information ETSI 13 ETSI GS LTN 002 V1 1 1 2014 09 In some implementations encryption keys and radio parameters can be dynamically changed 7 2 LTN Radio Networks Two technologies are available based on UNB and OSSS modulation Each emitted signal is supposed to be received by several LAPs cooperative reception This feature improves significantly reception quality even though modules are not synchronized see figure 7 Figure 7 Principle of cooperative reception 7 3 LAP 7 3 1 LTN radio front end The radio front end monitors a defined spectrum which detects and demodulates one or more simultaneous messages Messages integrity is checked by adequate means CRC Hash and transfers the decapsulated messages plus indicators to th
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