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A network Unix system - Ideals - University of Illinois Urbana

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3. The NCP can also keep a log file named by convention usr Ipd neplog if so instructed 16 This file is by convention at Illinois usr Ipd ncplog 16 See the ncplog Manual page of the Unix Programmers Manual Section VI for information on how to start and interpret this log file Transponder User Manual 11 2 7 Additional Conimands The exclamation point command can be used to perform some Transponder commands For instance to print the receive statistics for link one the user may type Icat r slavel after the link has entered the closed state Or to print all statistics accumulated in the current working directory use Icat rt slave The user can make use of the exclamation point command inside of the Transponder to start the Responder etc responder usr Ipd responderlog amp is identical to listen For more information see the Unix Manual description of the shell 2 8 The Function of the Responder The Responder program is the echo daemon that listens on network socket SOCKNUM viz seven for the opening of a duplex connection Once the connection is established the Responder retransmits every message that it receives and no others The Responder keeps statistics about the number of messages read and written as well as their rates The Responder writes the statistics to the Unix standard output upon the closure of the connection 12 Transponder Maintenance Manual 3 Transponder Maintena
4. octal numbers or arbitrary strings Most commands expect decimal link numbers The param command however accepts all of its arguments in unsigned octal This is for compatibility with the Elf Transponder as well as permitting message patterns to be specified easily 4 2 4 1 Miscellaneous Commands Prefixing a line with a colon causes the rest of the line to be ignored Prefixing a line with an exclamation point will cause the Transponder to hand the line minus the exclamation point to the Unix shell The interface between the user s terminal and the shell will involve a pipe so the user should be aware that raw mode and control d will not work as expected 5 4 It is an easily remedied deficiency of the Unix Transponder that decimal and octal numbers are not allowed everywhere distinguished by local syntax 5 The Echo Master should be the process to interpret the command even though currently it interprets no commands The reason for this is that the Echo Master could pass the user s keyboard to the sub shell Then all commands would work as expected The current implementation causes certain programs those that expect to be able to set raw mode for instance to behave unexpectedly Also no end of file interrupt or signal can be signaled from a pipe thus the user must be careful not to execute programs that us those out of band signals for information For instance cdb should not be run from th
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11. any es an or bale Eee OE eine O oH iiio o AT A ow am Part um ge ut om id ol AL onm NS PLM A out o mut t T re LL of Pras e 2 of ui NA TA ar gt et Bue a 10 ao A A aa 23 95 ww was AS a LL Ll ra ay A MANI ed tr In aa qo on asi e ox TV mecha ne ASA DI AAA s AIRIS EU Some eost A dm mo ar M s os we w nn ec m m hs N Jya AM Tr A u awna Pele TRL a nn Pe et amine ri zn oe euim mm anal Ha rr a UNS e nt at m tbe d ser IP vB ates fr Pots ara P RPA PP AS P e mud a dar ER aum pru ih to LI ana i ws Wm OF a L e ame e amp ta DU ants MANI Aa E ATI ae aN ras PUNA irem Tee q P op reo A for A ALARA FR med APPS a st As A a A Pam moan A ME uod ey om WS A D Meo s Ae fe Ait 609 fy died ln lisina we ende 2 s aber e oe ee un mn hen TEN Y png Fat qo gi EOI ece pe tata oft AA SO a AD O P GENES SO E AA AA A EE r JL P Pt iid res sqt fam of e Joes s dila en Te en w Un Ne w are Va hrs ursus ham mccum i OLA A 10 00 EN dE ALIE a a e Pd AO ORRIN O ponto egt diner POORER qm vt am A AON pham FOUR elut EE e LA Jura pope f ra NEP PT zd EI En ds a amp A T EE uy Se e ms aa Lr yn bebe uL LE MP VP PC O qnn ome n aat ri aper ORO enn aou ium TREE Ja oe p Ps TEE A PDA eS rd umm a 4 ee 5 a PU 9 ur mI ve vwo e Ao om we Saaw aya En Ll ett rm Pa P albert rsen Deb adt TE maso AA ot nme i eM gea adus A rhe at mim amt eat x A a PU e 04 4 Am A an T gt bd u lt
12. better solution would be to look beyond standard Unix to an Inter process Communication facility Because the Slave cannot be reading from both the command pipe and doing I O on the network file the Slaves are not able to perform certain functions The Slaves essentially ignore the command pipe during the entire time that they are doing network I O Also without elaborating the data header format the Slaves are not able to keep round trip timing statistics they are limited to inter message intervals only The lack of a good Inter process Communication facility also means that the Slaves are not able to dump their statistics upon demand of the user 31 5 3 Data Checking Overhead 31 Round trip statistics could be collected by putting a timestamp in an expanded header field Transponder Implementation Manual 21 Another limitation is the processing time the r slave requires to check the reccived data The format of the data taken from the Elf design for compatibility reasons was a poor choice for the PDP 11 The data pattern designed for the Elf Transponder is a word oriented one that is it uses an even numbers of bytes whereas the Transponder does not disallow the use of odd message sizes Further when a Unix user process such as the Transponder r slave reads from the network it requests a nuniber of bytes and it is handed the minimum of its request and the available data from the network There is no attempt to split da
13. mo 4 Pe d E p q um up Ln fes pom T e 2 a ae po N shell MESA tma seem ri orm qm Pn Maur up t Rain e ema TA 6 ai Ju et Out On b P ILE tam res a ta oF E res EN vi y af AN E rae t Pear Paih t ne AA AA rn ui TE en m s Eos 3 rien rhet en ie pa pro P a com otf nn nt Le PI cad amie p A PT MP Bd CEP Qro eA a dfi ne cn at LL Lo T Ano g uas ia o A RS La MA rn Y WERO A as UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS LIBRARY AT URSANA CHAMPAIGN ENGINEERING for Advanced Computation UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN URBANA ILLINOIS 61801 CAC Document Number 246 A Network UNIX System Volume Four COINS Transponder Implementation by Richard Balocca Prepared for the Department of Defense Center for Advanced Computation and Computing Services Office of the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801 April 1978 utt Approved for release EA E Karl C Kelley Principal mm 4 be S Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2012 with funding from University of Illinois Urbana Champaign http archive org details networkunixsyste246balo Table of Contents A cR T l Lo OPEP A EE E l a uer MISMA TQ A E EE U EEE EEEERREEERRR 2 ARA A E E E E een nennen 2 CL AA ARA A 2 001 oc Tao oasessnca o EORNM 2 o Coe IP RR PT A TTC TP E E E J A AN HUS ER TOTO eU EEIEEEEEEEEEEEEEMEMEMMM 4 sta lecitina LINK StatUsS cocccoccconononaccanoccacocanocanocono REMEMEEEEEEEENEEE
14. recognize that the EIf data patterns are simply inefficient and to design more satisfactory pattern one that could for instance make more use of PDP 11 word instructions and less use of byte instructions i 32 It should be noted that the Unix Transponder r slave allocates buffer space for the inconing data ont eh basis of the message size and message increment as specified in the param command It attempts to allocate for two messages of the maximum size that it expects This scheme is in contrast to the Elf scheine which requires reassembly and rebooting of the whole system in order to change the message size 22 Sample Transponder Session 6 Sample Transponder Session Begin Typescript of dev ptyA at Mon Aug 1 21 19 57 1977 Center for Advanced Computation Network Unix System Login balocca Password Last login Mon Aug 1 21 14 50 1977 master COINS Transponder for Unix Mon Aug 1 21 20 39 1977 This is an example of the use of the Transponder help Commands are help quit status kill date time purge I lt Unix gt param start stop ready p 4 indirect file i file pause param arguments are host number pattern pattern increment message length length increment number of messages repetition rate status param 114 0 1 0 1 100 0 lt I ready Assigned link is status l ready Mon Aug 1 21 21 55 1977 start lt active wait gt Aug 1 21 22 04 TR 47 Begin transponde
15. reply pipe by Slave processes Advantage was taken of the fact that Unix forces user terminals to appear as seven bit ASCII devices This means that input from the user s keyboard can be written on the reply pipe exactly as read from the terminal and once written can be distinguished by the high order bit of the byte it must bc zero for it to be input from the user via the Echo Master else it is input from a Slave That is user input to the Master is of the form 0X XXX XXX where the above represent bit positions with 0 off 1 on and X s encode the ASCII character data Characters from the user s keyboard are read by a process that shares the Master reentrant image it will be called the Echo Master The Echo Master puts these characters on the pipe as it receives them 26 24 The Echo Master is really a child of the Master sharing the same reentrant code 25 The number of Slaves is really limited to somewhat less than fifteen by certain factors mentioned later in the section on limitations 26 The Echo Master should be the process to interpret the command sec the Transponder User s Manual even though currently it interprets no commands The reason for this is that the Echo Master could pass the user s keyboard to the sub shell as an input file rather than as a pipe as it is done currently Then all commands would work as expected The current implementation causes certain programs those that expect to be able to set raw mo
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26. Master could have exec ed them individually Transponder Implementation Manual 19 4 6 Files uscd by Transponder The Transponder will crcate several files Thesc include certain files that report on the statistics gathered by the r slaves and t slaves There is onc file for each Slave These are created in the current working directory at the start of Transponder execution under the nanics r slavel t slavel r slave2 t slave2 and so on The files starting with r are statistics on the reception of data gathered by the r slaves The files starting with t are statistics on the transmission of data gathered by the t slaves The suflixing numbers they are decimal denote thc link number of the corresponding Slave Each file is created truncated with the creation of the Slave It is updated for the most part excluding errors and a one line header at the Slave s entry into the closed state The t slaves files grow with each ready start sequence when the link is made active The r slaves files are created every time the link is made active Besides r slave and t slave files the Transponder appends a log style script to a file with the name transponderlog The Responder portion of the Tranponder vill create a file with the name responderlog This file will be in directory usr Ipd It is worth noting that the NCP daemon has a log file with the name usr lpd ncplog 20 Transponder Implementation Manua
27. N e 2n q mq m a elei esito slm m ua Sy A fige i drea aA PAL dB tA A rr stet ee stunt S ess ai aa a SEER PER RAE N N ER HI Prep ENTE Ale A ne use DALLO Air Js s x CC cw a Te al gt n ee ne id 4 yu nn u e DMA e teen NARA Li TEES ET AITOR info UL ACE 4 0 na UI Pl rele En RD PURA Eee Neo d Lus A A dS US amd Bute Fr d a E wae m om ert RA ey Rony ONENA EA Qoia ma a sii merde A DATA SE At ls tn et utes E MAPPA Vor a lA A dans EEE EEE Phy ct oae Aa 0a sn AA ARI pta Ds RAI tap utar CAII RANA N Pte tear Res VU n e Ts v nr AA FA hn lE u una un nm a MA eC rq RA is atto i E am IRALA a ALO raul co ars ol to IDEAL oo c oL e ng DIS 809 PHP MUR aper Rd POPOL AE pre NE ER A rra 4 ub s sepes e ior le anaes re oy Br im SEU 26 ag e t m ct E on Penis RT cepa SA E E ee o ton td tol AP a E E ELE 2 nta BRA Be Ly at quam OA hoe V sa GR HE was Qu yee mm Mn Par y 9 FS er o Rato 4 fas A bend foe eins L4 Were tem at Ames qo 0 thm La i asd aia e z Wa Roman iay CL IA aee twee et it sina tat re nn giae notis ee DEN AD TE MuR aa VII Auen Lod IBA Pant ar fut aea s x e a na a Va SE too nn ue e e tO o e wem gt LAA e to AA te SRT EA A eS POA ARO am Gene ai at a EIC UA eal oos cR faf I aoi amp Aa AAA o P vn PRI MEA Am angit bano ICM uim PRESA A Mani aatis A Fu B FIAR e FA PR hip Piet N 4n eeter i 0 MO an MU 1 z L i MeN saene pe raw es AA cm een in o am Pt um ana Loss Ve M
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29. NEEEEEMM 5 CO AAA EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEMEMEMMMMMM 8 205 c0 s eter Iso Fore A ii eT TTD CORRER 10 AR MOOT TATATICS ER 11 NTE TMM IO INOUE Responder ecco ooo eoru ooo rn no nne er nra n rn ntn nor ntn tnn tuo orn norum e rne neuere nennen 11 AAA A ASA 12 A A nenn enusen nennen nennen 12 em Blementation Manual eessessesessesssessseseesssssssosssssassssssessssssssessessssssesssssosososessosssssssssssssosss 14 a A SUUS TD UTR RTT 14 EE ETS lave Status Acknowledgermients eee eee ee ee ee ee orn rne un nn rne n tn neenon nnno nuno nonna reno oe 14 DEM 0 der Intemmals Process Structure c cccccscccccsccsccsssssssssossssssssesscccecesesssccssscssscecscecsocecs 15 IET v uniErals Process Structure ccccceccecccsccccececccccccccsvercosssecceecccsccsecssosctccsseccerscorsseceseecaenenereees 15 oo owe dep Process Structure NOCTEM 18 20 5 008 o5 MA 19 SNM OMCCT OL INIIILALIONS 0 0 ccescoveecscesccccocsscccccscoccsccccccccaccosccooes mn 20 o0 Tuer AS A 20 pu elise of Pipes for Inter process Communication ence ee eee err rere rte nennen tnter nnne 20 A aT TUTTI 20 cc O AA 22 1 Document Overview 1 1 Overview This document consist of three major parts a User Manual a Maintenance Manual and an Implementation Manual The User Manual describes the operation and control of the Transponder from the operator s view The Maintenance Manual describes how to install t
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33. V cR E vao io AA Jua o di o A OPAL Suo rd ap QLonds eM ah oe pode JE MOLI AI pp e m Cds A el ILLE E Ian at MEL Lr SE Ar II A Baur Nena T m Ama va a fe erasa rt tn hy LR a gt SS Gath tna R a ete e e A A ue mid mA atm ot Wm UE ml patina toe hs Aog dion DAMA AAA 00 narro natat Lun AAA Met ter ud BR O IA pap AVV Poo Mom d aa APRI m op to a A EM cera M ee POP A Ran IVA AMI IDA LEN tune er ES A anne V A on wesen 2 ECR SR o Qs D ts Bem To Son gei e SNR YE e wA E Pa rap p Qe Pimp Urt Ad EA EEE AD a Pap 2 8 no A III Pr CU CAL E OUR metal te ORES IA ana P BAG oF PAI cate ne i a DAA IAEA La qa em AR ae qu O Aem eade Metus A e arse Maud AM area me Aq E EMI cd adafa ASS tme 80 AOS qoo moni P a Pi OF RMD i PP ODA HP En nn ee IE ee er Kr A TA rir E u oll LL ewe ee e AA d O pe 2 E raag Tes a ma nomo em nom Me Pu Voir m ionem qe rera save vena rat yc mre DL ER Ase a Rd a Se EI MI en CE AR LO eta resina FAL Ven Basan LIS Bi Fou o augu P sa M of en NS ale D 5 4 Ben ibo ood en 9 4 Nene e Haat aR pee EU NA CUP WP aA mA Mei ii pii DO A AA AA Seon Of A EADP Le B aO omen AMA ACTI B80 0020 aie seat ee ou P Mp MGP O d PU m rr hat HUNG wp o of ee rada a Dar s Pn ttt R n a gy ayrim m AP Are i teda p Rs Pm Ves ay ilio SA OM N MUR ems Pit tlh Pho IO pep B whet dont 9194 9 DO ARA alo P oC mi ot ad Pra RAR magma eA oo n 9 oom E 0 9 IIA SENA carat E redit orti Bao B ee UNA 0 ll mn e esta t un
34. Y an nn Qeon PLA Rit oem on ee en AS as li nn A mh p so apap o offe Lr ru q Aa PALA Nat LL en dk eh Ms rite NULL ALIM CALA I MM qe J ome AAt PU Lad EN avc Adj A arn e Ea e MEN a PO ee gOS nt PEE m Me TER NETTE ARAS AAD a nn T RE cta De 06 nun po Pete On PEE AAA dero ALLER AUR UPA Gl 8 Af gbom AAA e wd TA BA aus ahh emt acu a t A O etus Nate SENS ghh 4 Pon ut e Pom an a q DA ce me AR s Ra AT ae A a Fe ALON om al RATA A e rr Ange OAP O ura vo abeo OF ADI S A GR OE e pr PETE Bgn an aparte QAI om M omg A n PR O an a A E PES eM oe an ne i a Pu u nu te Pum ES Mate ms de wu i M a ae o NO Aa Do nn e PAN AAA P E u mn Por nr ipe muy fedi eth ets en 0 5027 98 28 aat ra CACAO we tlh M rrt aad BP AIP tm AAA BAT De epe E B Goss or outs ud SOLD MH ss Pseso AAS For Mec agy s mf A sa WAM a E ar senfas Le ma i s n in a x A MAS FRI Fine ASA Meg fom AG nennen e PAPA hoher IA uio mln cm a os PLENAS HARD n al A ratur AF a ton AI E pti ne am Ga wae of e Prato aito n pP AA MD A reget aco TR OG HARA i sur V a Man OME ef tad Ber PRIA Mel gm ar She a Xe er ud Bes 9 so y fee ALI En Wap Mug Ras dft WT eet cos tm a m f ara gah EE Mni capt ros if ata nn gata a aL Pan Centon PPP ROO GR a tos DADAS p apros mid AMARA near P o7 N LRL GNI e PE Pb pu LEX md 3 Wu mug men ee E i ayn ms BS Rad t E ba mtr ee O edi P mr A NS NA a ee RAR IR RA e AA O US dum PR AD a nt st A E PARA 3 m UA n ut aye Dart une
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36. al 3 change is imminent The status information is kept in a status table Since the status is kept not only for timing purposes but also for verification purposes the Transponder will print an interpretation of the acknowledgement on the user s teleprinter as it is occurs The printed acknowledgements are presented on their own line preceded by a left angle bracket and followed by a right angle bracket They contain the link number and the type of acknowledgement The type can be one of purged ready active closed ready wait active wait purge walt Stop walt unused or ERROR The acknowledgement will appear on the user s teleprinter in the format lt L ack gt where L is the link number in decimal and ack is the particular status type The status type will be surrounded by angle brackets in this document also This is to distinguish them from commands which will be surrounded with double quotes The intermediate states ready wait2 lt purge wait gt lt unused gt and lt stop wait gt will never be printed as acknowledgements but will appear in the status table with the further exception of unused which will not even appear in the status table If an expected acknowledgement is not forthcoming the Transponder is not functioning correctly 2 2 4 Commands The Transponder is invoked from Unix with the command master There are no parameters to this command At this point the user will receive a prompt and a herald wit
37. and the parent dies leaving the child an orphan 23 This prevents the death of various Responder processes from clogging the process table Procedure copierresponder c is then called from responderresponder c Copierresponder c does all the work for the Responder It is a loop with counting and time keeping code surrounding a read and a write statement Copierresponder c executes the read write cycle until the read returns a 1 the standard Unix error return At this point copierresponder c assumes the connection is closed it writes out the available statistics and exits l A signal four sent to the Responder will cause it to dump itself write a file named core with its image in the current working directory so that it can be debugged A signal five will cause the Responder to die without a whimper 4 4 Master Internals Process Structure The Master program interfaces the Transponder with the user s terminal It decodes user commands and when appropriate passes them on to other processes known as Slaves which do the actual work of data formation transmission and verification P ab cp up Gp Gp Gp Gp GP o mp CP ub 21 SOCKNUM is a compile time parameter Socket seven has been chosen as a defacto standard for echo sockets by various ARPANET Tenex sites However the EIf Transponder chose socket number thirteen for its Responder so whenever the the Unix and Elf Transponders are interfaced one or the other will ha
38. bod E Ve tet DAA ADA 0 O be AA OCD A a ee Galle A IN AAA IRA A A ES AE Pa a Je 4i t V notet rr e Ba Hat Odin he E AN 6 UD 2 BILD ll e de DAA IIA o fe omae af ee Adinata A s a m ML Am MEL A dir m De acc T 5 N ae Ot MT T A LIN tum fu CARI a A M L m Ro S 3 wan Boe Y RAMA mt 1 gt f d a O ut A MI NO O nc AR nm Le TE m a O AAA y a 5 iE eneban WINS Ag o e i i u Mio abe Gum 10 40 marie bam adem cab o fed up le baa P NEM Pyme RES En ne WC CNET ot i n E m SAL TW Ww SU M P ER 44 59 21 e AAA AAN Be e te Sete E LET ns i em IE a a e 2549 I ea ETT LS x x ed edem Per T ap Bun im sr i a _ E l am moulin en do Ae rn QV Msc A O AIR MALAISIA og m X a Vm abel n AD AA pe Bt Meet LANA PU sor A 6 ote tes s Ai a wi s o YI sl a m a L Tr AIDA eb n 24 IA TR A mo Pal AOL es p e AA TOES i a i Bae Aaa avc Dan n cA et On ME ES OS A m tun s I m i S i mA oa e OS SEARO AA Y ban Ys A Ma Aio i Pt IA BF ELA Se Mai F r 1 Oa nen Dee atem d gt Bull quw a AM e Pp AA ADD PALA ct B ei s d Cy CA p WW weem a a am j E RT AREA dt Bot A O ra A A dmm A gm IR Ai AC UV o ee ar E i ud ud X wr oh A EI 2 m ME Ann SR E rom P m i m i i M a ps a r Ea RA RROD APA Fr ag code dr IA TE I E i diu A eae VE ee tare a a Eaa 4 M i me LT ao e etnia m mE TES B nee l
39. cified with the compile of the slave This is because on at least some non floating point machines the n option causes premature termination of the slave This is very unfortunate since by all logic it is the slave that should be reentrant and shared The cause of this bug may be the compiler used or a bug in the floating point interpretation However at this time there is no evidence one way or another 19 17 or the Unix version seven compiler and associated library 18 Libj a contains a printf which has VD This is the main reason for using libj a 19 It is worth while to experiment with your compiler to see if the n switch can indeed be used with the Transponder as it will increase the Transponder s performance Transponder Maintenance Manual 13 The file slave h contains macro defines common to the files slave c and rbuf c that constitute the Slave sources The file transpond h contains macro and structure defines used by both the Master and the Slave sources The compiles will result in the production of three executable files master slave and responder Master and Slave should be in the directory from which the Transponder test will be conducted Master may be in this directory also or it may be put in a system binary directory such as usr bin The Responder and the Slave must be recompiled if it is necessary to change the socket on which they listen This is considered acceptable since this operation r
40. d dispatch routine is named commandsinaster c It dispatches via a table with the name commimaster c Commpnaster c is structured as a string procedure name pair The procedure commandsmaster c has an additional function it will dispatch to the Slave reply routincs if it sees a reply from a Slave a byte with the high order bit set since it contains the loop waiting polling for reply pipe input 28 27 Of course the fact that Unix hands the reply pipe to every child process makes the pipe command reply scheme work 18 Transponder Implementation Manual 4 5 Slavc Internals Process Structure The Slave source files slave c and rbuf c is in the program form the process es that are under the command of the Master Many Slaves processes may be active while the Transponder is running There will be a pair of Slave processes per duplex network connection link One process of this pair will transmit on the send side of the duplex connection This process will be referred to as t slave The other process of the pair will receive data on the receive side of the connection This process will be referred to as an r slave 129 Each t slave has the responsibility of formating the data which will be transmitted across the net to its respective r slave The r slave has the responsibility for receiving and checking the data Both Slaves report statistics about their activity in a similar manner to the Responder except of course that onl
41. de for instance to behave unexpectedly Also no end of file interrupt or signal can be signaled from a pipe thus the user must be careful not to execute programs that use those out of band signals for information For instance cdb should not be run from the Transponder as the only way to exit from cdb is with an end of file If the user gets him herself into such an unfortunate dead end situation he she can extricate him herself by using tlie quit signal This will kill the Echo and Command Master It will generate a core image but it will work Transponder Implementation Manual 17 The Command Master acts in response to the data it reads from the reply pipe It accumulates input from the user until a full line is accepted This is done in procedure commandsnaster c If it receives data from a Slave process it updates the array CONTROLkranspond h This array thus holds the current state of each Slave as the Master perceives it and is the status table mentioned in the Transponder User Manual A Slave process is created every time the user types a param command This Slave is given the rcad end of a pipe whose write end is connected to the Command Master Let us call this pipe a command pipe to distinguish it from the aforementioned reply pipe The Command Mast r gives the read end of a different command pipe to cach Slave created Note that the write end of the reply pipe is passed also 27 The CONTROL array keeps track o
42. dgement indicates that the link s connection has been closed The link may be restarted with a ready command lt active wait gt stop that succeeds gt lt stop wait gt lt active wait gt stop that fails gt unused active stop that succceds gt lt stop wait gt active stop that fails gt unused lt stop wait gt internal processing delay gt stop 10 Network Initial Connection Protocal begin initiated by the Unix NCP daemon See Bolt Berinek Neuman document number 1822 11 Assuming a responder is available on the other side of the network 12 The stop command makes use of the Unix signal mechanism which is a rather heavy handed device for this purpose in the sense that it will abort most system calls In particular it will abort most read or write system calls Thus it cannot be guarranteed that the stop command will always allow the current network message to complete its travels Transponder User Manual 7 Purge is followed by a single link number The link is liquidated sent to the unused state via the lt purge wait gt state and the link number may be reused The link will no longer appear in the table printed out by the state command A purge acknowledgement should be seen by the user closed purge gt lt purge wait gt ready purge gt lt purge wait gt lt purge wait gt internal processing delay gt lt un
43. e Transponder as the only way to exit from cdb is with an end of file If the user gets him herself into such an unfortunate dead end situation he she can extradite him herself by using the quit signal This will kill the Echo and Command Master It will generate a core image but it will work Transponder User Manual 5 The command help produces a list of all the commands with the count and format of their parameters 6 The commands date and time print Unix idea of the current date and time respectively Note that in contrast to the Elf Transponder the Unix Transponder has no commands for setting these values It is assumed they were supplied at bootstrap timo The command quit causes the Transponder to do just that The Transponder will make sure that all links are sent to the unused state before quiting The network connections on any link in the active state will be closed immediately possibly in mid message Pause followed by a decimal number will cause the Transponder to stop accepting commands and interpreting acknowledgements for that many seconds If the user types listen a Responder 7 process is created on the local host It will listen on Network socket seven which is a defacto Arpanet Standard for such echo daemons This is in contrast with the Elf Transponder which uses socket thirteen 8 2 4 2 Commands affecting Link Status Ready has one parameter a single link number corresponding to a clo
44. e a stand alone system This has several advantages l It allows a testing of the true production system and NCP Under Unix the maiority of the NCP is a user level daemon controlled by messages Tnis fact combined with the fact that every user level process has a separate address space means that the Transponder has no special relationship with the NCP that an ordinary user process does not have 2 Unix users need not be affected during Transponder testing 3 Multiple Transponders may be run allowing the upper limit on the test load to be Unix system limits 4 The full power of the system can be used to examine the operation of the Transponder the status of the Network and the status of Unix 2 2 Controlling the Transponder The user issues commands which are interpreted by the Transponder There are commands for creating deleting liquidating and controlling network connections links The command may depending on the command affect zero or more links 2 3 Link Status The Transponder keeps track of the status of each of the links along with the time at which the status last changed There are eight possible status values five of which correspond to steady states of the link and are printed on the user s teleprinter as acknowledgements and the other three of which are intermediate status values never printed as acknowledgements indicating that another state 1 Which tests the Elf NCP naturally Transponder User Manu
45. e is in the unused state then the Slave s data will not even be printed by the status command If an expected acknowledgement is not forthcoming the Transponder is not functioning correctly Check for instance to see that all the requisite programs are present 20 When a process is refered to in these Manuals it will be capitalized This is to help distinguish it from any binary file with the same name which will not be capitalized Transponder Implementation Manual 15 4 3 Responder Internals Process Structure The Responder program is the echo daemon part of the Transponder It listens on network socket SOCKNUM viz seven 21 for the opening of a duplex connection Once the connection is established the Responder retransmits every message that it receives and no others The Responder keeps statistics about the number of messages read and written as well as their time intervals The Responder writes the statistics to the Unix standard output upon the closure of the connection The Responder is very similar in design to server telnet only somewhat simpler The main procedure mainresponder c 22 is responsible for the initial network open This open will succeed when someone connects to the listen socket When this happens a fork is done and the parent loops back to the open allowing multiple connections to the socket The child process calls the procedure responderresponder c At this point another fork is done
46. equires only a few minutes and since it is infrequently done if ever There is only one define SOCKNUM to be changed SOCKNUM resides in socknum h The source listings included later in this document are indexed The indices are of the form NNN MMMM where NNN is a number unique to each source file and MMMM is the number of the line within the source file The index number for ihe Transponder sources are 170 iesponder c 180 transponder h 181 master c 190 slave h 191 slave c 192 rbuf c 193 socknum h 14 Transponder Implementation Manual 4 Transponder Implementation Manual 4 Transponder Process Structure The Transponder functions as several processes Conceptually it can be decomposed into three sets of processes Master Slave and Responder 20 There is what appears to be a monolithic Master process and many Slaves one Slave for each network connection to be exercised The Mister interprets commands issued by the user There are commands for creating deleting liquidating and controlling Slaves The Master may depending on the command send controlling messages to zero or more Slaves The affected Slaves obey the Master by changing states Each of the Slaves then sends an acknowledgement back to the Master indicating the state they have entered 4 2 Master Slave Status Acknowledgements The Master keeps track of the status of each of the Slaves along with the time at which the status last changed There are eight p
47. er param command right down to the unwieldly syntax param host dl d2 11 12 n r where host dl d2 11 12 n r are unsigned octal numbers respectively representing the host address message data pattern an increment to the message data pattern length of the initial message length increment number of messages and repetition rate per message The next section The Format of the Test Data describes the meaning of these parameters Seveeeetdenaven un 13 See the Transponder Implementation Manual section on Transponder limitations for further information 8 Transponder User Manual unused param gt lt ready wait gt lt ready wait gt internal processing delay gt lt ready gt The numbers are separated by commas and should be range between 0 to 0177777 octal with the exception of the host number which must be in the range of 0 to 0377 octal 14 The Transponder will respond with a time and a link number which it assigns The link is put in the lt ready wait gt state and eventually after some internal processing the user can expect an acknowledgement that the link is in the lt ready gt state 2 5 The Format of the Test Data The data is formated into messages each message intended to be exactly one network message long 15 The message is composed of a header and patterned data The header is four bytes long It begins with a byte whose value is 126 oetal This byte is known as the ma
48. es RICA qid Pose d dep aat P aat PU ue atout Er n re nn a A RT gt al on APRA y Oe tac e ASTU n du S E RR A nn ANA ana alam d OTA wat ajunt I Aou mdi gue PAR ori dI mte mo O ALIAGA ns ERDE Io un af HIR 08 FOLIA aft yn ao N mU a Ape aM homi ET um ott BP adeat oh RE A uo d omo N ak Ta v AS EEE 9 4 v imo RUM Vo 9 9 Do na ma ne PR ARIS IR Dite t LII L rg 99 ham to i etum De Beene MA So de Dn LOA me amen anton at ot An m on v E er or gene hh toni Sn aha B rm 207 Fade n e SAP LEAP Ae AD iW BOP dB RAM Peor e Meni DAA AO AAR MA EU Foros on s VAPI E NBA qoi Wess Hh RP ARS AB UR Rr P Vat 2 A 4 i se at e ns omes ENANA AA Se Mattes DR Ana o e AA fs o A e A Se A dan TE owe se an PR igi ail sam ent EIA A a DARD B ARI BP O IA et ost Oe Qe IIA 7120 DIO rap t INE ASA Be eu num PF Bun re ane A Aa Raf a ONIN aL td Eut PAA poa ahs At MEI ripe Tt Pl EPA OM OB te m r a LA hou A n boty me amp AI Apa GEA e amt ed a EEE Pe Po riot O a LAA PR Viam V oa ar AISLADA 8 opot AIN A A sl RAND DL Ann PA Pe a Aha AA ts ene o8 val au oa Fo DS Po AA en 4 DENR y mn we i Da LEM wu que un Uae o wot Low mt y MAB ABRI o m TEE OLI oe IA LATAS A A O dane DEAL AAA O n DA A CLM AT Fo G 9 FC IA S 7 77 3 P y ann MIC on tur en fuso MO ses ah weet Re Siasat Li tort n ns man to a ew BP n erh nee COMA ana mae ar EN AAA wii Ld ee we hee feti novit LALO EP For ot oue BG Men Dan ROE e fioi EA fetu taf P ADCO nA cr oy EAM TE DEE IA a d
49. f which Slave corresponds to which command pipe file descriptor The Master controls an individual Slave by writing a single byte down the respective command pipe Data from Slave processes as they appears on the reply pipe are of the form 1Y YYY ZZZ where the bits represented by the Y s encode the particular Slave SHE OS 0 to 17 octal and those represented by the Z s encode the data Three commands are defined to fill the Z s in the above format They are as found in transpond h READY CM viz 122 octal that is the character R indicates that the Slave is to go to the ready state It is sent on response to a ready command This is supposed to reinitialize a Slave in the closed state Sce discussion of the ready command in the Transponder User s Manual It however does not work as anticipated See discussion of the ready command in the Transponder User Manual ACTIVE CM viz 101 octal that is the character A indicates that the Slave is to go to the lt active wait gt state It is sent to all ready Slaves in response to a start command This state indicates that a connection is being attempted PURGE CM viz 120 octal that is the character P indicates that the Slave is to commit suicide It is sent in response to a purge command The procedure structure of master c is very simple It is composed of a command dispatch routine a set cf command routines and a set of auxiliary routines The comman
50. h the date The user may then type various commands to control the Transponder A script of the user s commands along with certain responses such as printed acknowledgements are appended to a file with the name transponderlog in the current working directory These 2sponses are Master responses see the Transponder Implementation Manual for further information on what constitutes a Master response Because of the nature of the Transponder 3 the users should wait to type a command until the prompt appears Also for the same reason at least one line may be lost after the Transponder nas exited The available Transponder commands are 2 Check for instance to see that all requisite programs are present Most of these program should be in the current working directory Unless otherwise noted 1 e if the filename is given by an absolute path name one starting with a all files mentioned in this document will be relative to the current working directory 3 Specifically the use of an Echo Master and Command Master connected by pipes Sec the Transponder Maintenance Manual 4 Transponder User Manual quit pause listen ready start status stop purge kill 3 or indirect p or param The commands are of the form command firstarg secondarg where the arguments are depending on the command either decimal numbers representing link numbers a number assigned by the Transponder
51. he Transponder and where to find the various functional parts of it t includes a set of source listings indexed for convenience The Implementation Manual describes the principles of Transponder operation 2 Transponder User Manual 2 Transponder User Manual 2 1 Introduction The Unix Transponder is a test program for the Unix Network Control Program NCP The Unix Transponder can be used in conjunction with the Elf COINS Transponder 1 which has a very similar the user and network interface In fact the EIf COINS Transponder Program Description can be used as background to this document The Network Unix system is designed to operate with an Arpanet type of network such as Platform or COINS as well as the original Arpanet The only differences involve user level programs The Unix Transponder although designed for the COINS network will operate under any of these networks The purpose of the Unix Transponder is to provide an evaluation measure for system acceptance It allows test data patterns to be sent and received with a wide dynamic range of demand rates The data is sent to a host possibly the same host that is running a passive echo program known as a Responder The echoed data is returned to the Transponder where it is checked for accuracy Two series of statistics are coilected These involve the timing and size of Network messages sent and received The Unix Transponder unlike the EIf Transponder does not requir
52. j IT Fs hc da LU LEN cmm ho 2 w Da 2 Y no nd ea gt vam NO Qus IC mural j eB em Soy ee Se u wre a sap aw We T et irat E A s n e er ewe J r b T emir M ig YY AR J EL sost voas a 25 ba e A gt _ x LP nn nn EN te A RIO UA Lune u a En nu Y a ex wwe a c Mone P y yes E E E WO OEE GEM 5 9 Og 0 Taw 77 rz Moa we Lo eoRes hat rV a Ga P napet a T 1 E gt se ee Li wre Suet teen un one Me d e win p 3 5 P d pro e E rt r r UR REI E uw tr AA S4 how Rare ae E Vans ope Rr a or MOR eee M nn m L4 a a i p ae ee C e ne eT me Prius on T pt f z 6 a e s did a es a db D Re asy m ne e owe ee ORE a ys Fha idis M bi rt v E a Ies Pg ferie Rete aet uo m Sp be ua 3 E r Ld Ld ENS EAS IE wi Vista wv rr E a Ung uit WP A V et an en rA Rn G mt gt Se iig a M MELLE moss dA Eee Neue gt gt ARA poe M T van A Fa a Ls as E EL ol no LI nem 5 mn a v wots ra ee Vc real ag e o rwo Ar a Eye FREES v ya m gt ews mic e Av ute s a a o ent trauen ol gt ws eu IV ru a ng o eps v caet o Fam rr VW e ni x i ad oore jas bd ne e E gt E m L r S T rm A up ec Wee oc erc m aee re d Ru er eI aA A weap edd 5 I wn s e v je mh wee es gt a OPES on te em ry A a y Qr 6 ae i wing wt mu uq bye Earle ue E i e sis v cd won LJ Lu CO XN A a
53. l 5 Transponder Limitations 5 1 Number of Slaves Links The Transponder has a designed in limitation of 15 decimal Slaves This is not the only limitation on the number of Slaves The most severe limitation is the number of file descriptors a process can have This limits the number of Slaves to six if they are created with param statements in an indirect file or seven otherwise In general more than one Transponder Master will have to be run if more than the upper limit of connections are needed The Transponder assumes no special clock device It thus has only a one second timing resolution as provided under standard Unix A source module by the name of clock c is included in the ncprogs xponder directory It contains an experimental attempt to access the line frequency clock t was never integrated into the Transponder because of contract time limiiations As a consequence of this the timing statistics are to be taken as significant only over the long run that is the user should send a large number of messages in order to get timing information As another consequence of the lack of time resolution the rate argument on the param command is valid in the long run Also a non zero rate argument will probably result in a bursty demand curve 5 2 The Use of Pines for Inter process Communication The pipe structure of the Transponder is rather awkward causing delays unnecessary disk activity and tying up system buflers A
54. lay Be Come s IR tul 4960064 A ir A Y AR UR a OOM y Qu wu LI PARR ee en De PUE wu wei t vs a Y a p a n he di u as t a nn een CEA GUIA e O ar ME ng 2 We f M Erz 3 m J sev vw RE NIA TL may ERE I aUe u Mr MM Le we we LLL ee w Wes ARO ai C Y IIA T ev ca uy b S NT reli a a i Miu a a Dole a Y DEVI er i e b TN tati FT E a a a w d a ie EEE Qr ife Y EA e Y cm Garn wann RA EA FU rs Rr Xv oy TR ayes L we pow a Y IST t Pir EU Vot erra A un e en rk EEE TERN arci Vr e dde AUREA Oe PL kee ann epo N aes mA e ero dott or 1 IM E WOP T i i i amp a P Bs ya zoe gt m r Pup cda e T vidi iio LAA RI PU ra spore GA SERT dehnen urn LIRA LI er Y RDA ER STETS rq Pe Y yon gt ws ma has UFER me en ie had O ea cm 2 gt EEE ENTE Ar dl o E AO Foe va Ludo aa cs o ii a A A MAA IT T 1 ry m a a 1 E ia we yo Da A Se ere rg mum eae IR NE EN tpm eig LY KARTEN CA qaia veh NT DAY NR Ee e E VQ VS PUR EI nein VS FO AT Ale ee qi Vip pi wa V V Ty FO vw PAL OT EYED NU VK s THEE MY be Ure er qute Qt voe arn c LT i m E RE E DD e Rm EEE TEE wur GA Q t e ta vee oe os a WV IIA anf O NIRO III AA PR RETTET LET DEO wu u w Vete TV GR pam D s wT re eee z Ad o ime RA eme er ent fab a dele atleti Ervin Tot o or ouo v a ira rr Prats TI erw a AR ve a gt A zm I ww ee DA rub O rn mns eto Loa APD Y AGO EA atte re T
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56. mm E X TN wo i D ru P a er ld gt o lo gt gt LS 2 EA Qs dii Spe Ue a rar Rug on arn em v SV EPS Wh ene wen e Tr ee gy eH Ma LATT oo Ue l x sa buf lt lt E a T UA YESA a pO cw TE TRAY AAA TS aZ r M ciens y xd zus rw UY tAr ms COPA para y dum gt a Apes rid NERVEN eR a tre nn a POP Lg nee SET RN Erden minn Ea n aq Gay v Een ge vids Puy ara ed O T Lag ae A 278 CA JD B was id pec eee bs 5 A ps Zn PIPETTE Ey Lait pairs RI rw tr FETT ar vr En ve v s p we oo y ae ae a p gs Ww ina Para gr O e 0 treating dd dle Pd lada Ines Nieren ur DIA IA AY ET aon YN V9we vss hE Sn LLO pee D 1 suey cx Y pe s po su Loro ore e oe es 97 qe gt de 5 E Fate new pirim En qb narma Sul URN EAV TR a ee vw Ufa E WV ge Dua Tee e e a i s a E ms A gt ea ra ps a z nd E A lan nta We sir alic gorge emn LA aq cami Fh Iter po N tim C ere U weavers erdt ilm as en CMS CENTRUM nieto A ne A 9 Jas mas T a d v Der ey Pi ie ara rn ae re mn EEE RT Mtt wr Do UE O0 TE NA Qa m d In he PP ior Te RA in win iR VEL ole ene Cure WO SC pi TRU Uic T eT Fa hy AO 5 Es edes a VUL I v F 2 E alee e L4 wesw Pv 3 AR lt o ans as s ee ee cee ene lei er RB DA 0 ERR O Ag DIAS QU FW FIRES OUT Eu eve o ine M eater en ps a gt pt Stal igh m Zur eee s a y i a x ss s Peor Pe aee ov yow qr dcs 2 os e i gt aad us Tara qi
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58. n a Rag gt z s 4 Mn p IR d QV C7 qe el cac mere rns emm it EIE AAA e Kamm au w e wa 2 a a wo z gt c m ee pn rt rg 3 e we Fe id eF aw d uan c ene e rm siis M ae e ie sd v A vanta E wie S m 3 Le E s hi e lt os asr s ww d r Uy Y wow eee a va LJ LI z gt era he N w ID O LI as hie eae y ee Wi purs M at e o Lu E lt accom hag zo d e a A SO fetes nn A nd re momo A ad s NC M n ose z y me nn re Se uw I e wo UN BOE o9 o4 BOOMER Cie chew fe res u Mowe sd 53 d b s amv u ET D rn a Wy d I ar Tb PA a gi e tru mim te oe gt Y bed P 9 z T Si L 4 sies Soci atm na mmda pai al co A oy w we sm a here ewe e uuu no V Asor eee IT we Vas Vu Wer a res on a 5 ee a n en ree gt a 22 aero rine Er onsen cra Coe PAY MAN wende e rte nennen Evite aJ ac RRR a pureta Ie POT v be Olay x Narr un e SI s x Mc v o pr bep Meteo M c ar Tr AI A Y Quy ne PO D eue Wa qs wA och Z we wv Pr AR mem e ax 2 gt o og B p et 025 70 tal m el Pape Ae en a Ca oi A tnm vea t ud 4 E as E gt a S v Area tee ron i WO c3 c un AO a dv Gig ne v DOT WR pae E Ws Rn qu ASA e P a na T wi E pa er nn y cus fu arp y Prid nn coa repas ME nz V6 rm p a a is pli Fdo APT MUT aa ua uj vios gk m v a 96 a erp ve werden un
59. nce Manual 3 1 Installation The sources for the Unix Tranponder can be found in directory neprogs xponder In this directory you will find the files master c slave c rbuf c transpond h slave h socknum h and responder c These sources have been compiled on a number of different C compilers some of which accept different input syntax These sources are compiled with the following commands using the Illinois C compiler and auxiliary library lib libj a cc master c fOsnlj cc slave c rbuf c fOslj cc responder c fOsnlj mv responder etc If the Illinois C compiler is not available but the standard version six C compiler is the following command may be used still assuming lib libj a cc f O s n master c lj mv a out master cc f O s slave c rbuf c 1j mv a out slave cc f O s n responder c lj mv a out etc responder Or if the Version seven Unix compiler is used cc f O s n master c o master cc f O s slave c rbuf c o slave cc f O s n responder c mv a out etc responder If the Illinois compiler is not used 17 the resultant executable files may not work due to bugs in some versions of the C compiler and problems in the printf routine In particular the long decimai print 5D will not work 18 Also note that if the Transponder is to be run on a system with a floating point processor the f switch need not be specified Also note that the n switch specifying reentrancy is not spe
60. nv eu Fe ing PODA Bas uS art re M AUN DOS FIR tad wid Wr UR al qao RAPI PR E S RV y pec da en REES b Pt aded the Doct das die nda etd earran vivent u w E T a ne s ied AE pu pew o aga can x za Se Ee aye Y AC AED A Vat Ai a o EY O PAPA Y Co UA V fuu i m dde EEE WESEN Pri eo tanh ict Nep x E re e wi vt gt e Lor T Derim amp nn aai 5 Mu E uL he nor y i i j res ww Es a apy p nara rn d m Mi e RS ITI NE Re ER RAE RR EN TEE ond Mid GA eta PARADE EE At NA IR IE Jw T u A IE E TEE ETE T oe ene LLL 7 x 74 9 ur CH wi TEN air rad ae ES do ve A TE w M gt pales LC o dapi no l Le wre bes sv v Pe 5 Ev ow Ta gt lt PUn B Sn nete ade sand Ur TO rw rts UU Uu Pe utes er FIA he Rage qo tg CHWs eG ctus v ERP ENE AVI yy wa SEU aW Ard a Hes ri aww te wen x gi wem Tara ivi QATIN WEE ap ga VANE ju rol ipte TER ow RR oe ae role idos bb thie Te ot Le i te A eu V We Fe mora Se ad es 4 I2 ee oP v E gt Sin eee m hem an oem id gt ma t inris ur T s n lt u E m A Er gn mo rye iat UU erii OE a d i eiit EEE WE UTNE Tes qe O NOR Tuy EU edo Y ur IIA TEEN rt y Si o ow A ate E x vr o met een et e EEE qul Attias EN RETTEN T HE 9 M Wu Mec uiu wow our NIA DATA nr CEN Rs a aria ces Vw va CA yon dh von aciei a n E amp NIE a a M VU eevee ve oe ak nen DI m TE Wan V4 TER PRONE punta v oe Raw enge EEE EEG AA Y I
61. o a link is reinitialized upon restart return to lt rcady gt statc The statistics for instance will not be correct on a restarted link The implication of this is that a link should be purged and a new param command issucd rather than a ready if error free operation of the Transponder is desired This missing ready feature is not necessary for the functioning of Transpondcr It would take less than a major effort to repair this lack of re initialization Start requests that all links in the ready state go into the lt active wait gt state This will cause an acknowledgement to appear on the user s teleprinter lt Active wait gt indicates an open is being attempted on the network connection 10 After a short period 11 each of the links should transfer from the lt active wait gt state to the active state indicating that the connection was opened ready start gt lt active wait gt lt active walt gt network open gt active Status causes the printing of the status table including the state of every link not in the unused state the link number and the time and date on which the state was acknowledged Stop is issued with a link number corresponding to a link in the active or lt active wait gt siates The respeciive link is sent into the lt siop wali gt state and is stopped sent to the lt ciused gt state at the end of the current network message 12 The closed acknowle
62. ossible status values five of which correspond to states of the Slave as received via acknowledgements received from the reply pipe described below and the other three of which are intermediate status values indicating that a second state change is imminent The status information is kept in a table known quite naturally as the status table Slave processes are made synonymous with links as used in this document Controlling messages from the Master are acknowledged not only for timing purposes but also for verification purposes The Master will print an interpretation of the acknowledgement on the user s teleprinter as it is received The printed acknowledgements are preceded by a left angle bracket and followed by a right angle bracket They contain the iink number of the Slave proccss and the type of acknowiedgement The type can be one of purged ready active closed ready wait active wait purge wait stop wait or ERROR These will appear on the user s teleprinter in the format bes lt L ack gt where L is the link number in decimal and ack is the particular status type In this document the Status type will be surrounded by angle brackets This is to distinguish them from commands which will be surrounded with double quotes In actuality lt ready weit gt lt purge wait gt and lt stop wait gt will never be sent as acknowledgements but will appear in the status table The state unused will not be printed either Also if a Slav
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64. r r slave lt 1 active gt 1 closed status l closed Mon Aug 1 21 22 11 1977 Sample Transponder Session 23 cat r slavel Aug 1 21 22 04 TR 47 r slavel 760141640 Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 24 Messages read written 0 errors Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Inter message intervals in seconds Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Minimum 0 Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Maximum l Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Average 0 250 Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Total 6 Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Message lengths in bytes Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Minimum 4 Aug 1 21 22 10 TR 47 Maximum 952 Aug 1 21 22 11 TR 47 Average 94 Aug 1 21 22 11 TR 47 Total 2272 Aug 1 21 22 11 TR 47 Aug 1 21 22 11 TR 47 4 00 Messages second 3029 Baud Aug 121 22 11 TR 47 Connected 6 seconds Aug 1 21 22 11 TR 47 End transponder r slave S ready 1 lt l ready S start lt l active wait gt lt l active lt 1 closed S pause 10 Sit lt 2 ready gt Assigned link is 2 EOF on command file start 1 closed lt 2 active wait gt Aug 1 21 24 02 TR 99 Begin transponder r slave lt 2 active status l closed Mon Aug 1 21 22 46 1977 2 active Mon Aug 1 21 24 03 1977 time 21 25 06 date Mon Aug 1 1977 status 2 active Mon Aug 1 21 24 03 1977 S kill 2 status closed Mon Aug 1 21 22 46 1977 S purge Sample Transponder Session Typescript of dev ptyA at Mon Aug 1 21 26 27 19
65. rker The marker is supposed to be an unlikely data pattern allowing some error recovery Following the marker is a byte of sequencing information This sequence byte increments from 0 to 377 octal and then back to 0 again Again this allows for some error recovery Immediately following the sequence byte is the high order most significant byte of a two byte number indicating the length in bytes of the patterned data The low order byte of the length number immediately follows the high order byte of the length number Finally the next byte starts the patterned data The patterned data can be considered to consist of two byte words There is no attempt to align these words on even or odd boundaries of the start of the message This gencrality has caused problems in the Transponder see the Transponder impiementation Manual the section on Transponder Limitations The last word of the patterned data may be truncated to its high order byte if the message size for this message is odd The pattern will be picked up in the next message presuming there is a next message exactly where it is left off This will mean that the next message 14 Unix currently does not support the new imp host header which allows 16 bit host numbers 15 The term network message is technical in nature it refers to the block size of the network connection The size of a network message may depending upon the host s involved be fixed or variable and may vary f
66. rom bit to the maximum of the number of bits permitted by Unix and the number of bits permitted by the network lt would generally be a mistake for a host to imply data structure information from the network message size Unix always sends messages in multiples of 8 bits up to 8000 bits Unix makes no attempt to use a constant network message size Nor does Unix quarrantee that the user has control over the message size The user may using the Unix write system call write a certain size message into system bullers but depending upon various events the buffer may be written in pieces or it may be combined with other bullered data within the constraints of sequentiality In probability however the size of the network message will correspond to the size of the bufler specified in the write system call The Transponder takes the size of its write buffer to be the size of the network message Transponder User Manual 9 will have a different boundary than the current one even if the current one is odd and odd if the current one is even 1 10 Transponder User Manual 2 6 Files used by the Transponder Various statistics are kept on link performance For further information see the parallel Implementation Manual section A copy of the user s commands along with some pertinent responses logged with the time and date are kept the file transponderlog in the working directory in which the the Transponder was started
67. sed link The corresponding link will be put in the ready state restarted via the lt ready wait gt state A ready acknowledgement should be expected The following is the state diagram for the ready command 9 6 There are sharp signs in the help printout They indicate that what is required in this position is an unsigned octal number 7 See below for a description of the purpose of the Responder 8 An additional way to start the Responder is with the Unix command etc responder usr Ilpd respouderlog amp The Responder statistics will appear in the file usr Ipd responderlog Otherwise there is no acknowledgement that the Responder is running If it is desired that the Responder output be recorded somewhere else it can be redirected to any file by naming the file to the right of a greater than sign gt as in etc responder gt filenamc amp 9 All commands which affect the state of a link will be diagrammed just as the ready command is diagrammed here The meaning of A stimulus gt B is that if we are in state A and issue the indicated stimulus then the link will enter state B If B is followed by a star then the entry to state B is causes a printed acknowledgement to appear on the user s terminal 6 Transponder User Manual close ready gt lt ready wait gt lt ready wait gt internal processing delay lt rcady gt In actuality not all the data applicable t
68. ta coming in from the net on network message boundaries so if the user process requests enough data it may receive more than one network message Since the Transponder r slave specifies a large byte request on its network reads it often gets multiple messages in a single read 32 Now if the Transponder test involves odd message sizes the word data may or may not then appear on word boundaries The data may actually appear on in phase on word boundaries and out of phase on odd byte boundaries in the same read buffer It requires either a rather complex algorithm for the recognition of correct data or multiple procedure with several calls per byte of received data The use of multiple procedures was used in the Unix Transponder as this made for the cleanest easiest to maintain code Because of this problem in data checking the Transponder seems to have a limit of about twenty kilobaud when run on an PDP 11 70 This is fortunately approaching the upper limit of the fifty kilobaud ARPANET This limit is too low for other faster networks There are several solutions to this problem One of the easiest is a new C compiler optimization being developed at Illinois which would speed up some procedure calls Another Solution is to make daia checking optional This needless to say is not a very satisfactory solution Another would be to rewrite the data checking code at the expense of clarity One of the niost practical solutions is to
69. tur IO DORAMA A EA nn MP A AAAS II ns wf wu 2 RA AA mae Shaders 8 8 BAA Meo A ow A E ed fes wale Re ety Oy ye amp o We ord ese ath aS mc un iss ttt d ale Omang oho ET a mnm st eis uei EA eel Fita sind oro VUE I maf er aser A PAP GPF Peg a ae Fee de tfta Soap teten 2 8 9 e ufus Sa RAM Wet n Aarhus LR 2 t m um gt arama DAS no ae min AAA A eM R9 4 eee de Monks ren wal ott te M glp aera item dd meth aha aba Qt at y RAM AR ad P A uot tot su quam nn DE Te art Roo oo EEE a Na EI SET PCI PA de ta tee ey T 15 O A Tann 0 an nenn a a me Paes I en en Arg Vorrei e RR RA omn MIS oa ME A A A ASA A TA DALIA o fun A A fae CT i Ae mm Hero ha i Ay MI A a Y LA A Act Ahh At Bee AAA A ty a PV scipit a Se EST c qu gd nd SUMAS Sad Tae 19 on 98 IA git Quo Re itp A OA P GAS Sa A4 rR Im 2 nao din pets Tag ame DE n RAAT B ci Me SERIALS pe aep mea P ra FO A peces ul tuum enl noA Ann a OLN Ae San ana A A Net fran an wera Le MA ere as paa me o ng i aa Aj te metuam came fel A ye ee VP nt or anpra cot ed gn OEP A A ohh nns Eaim A re M PO JON mi EEE TEE AS A MO Ree Pet Ae att P Por hus Par de eto us Rm o e 9 Kv ba gei Sat m s w i tet 4M wl ek 6 6 E 353 S e madapa Pet A a AN A AAA Pr Rr EUM qii een T pm 7 SDN TEE a mh oth cibi mt a oos aim d can MM G8 eiat pi hose on PP cmn oos Tre siam UR 0B A wur hA bros p dolo oor n 20 Bie ML RA m fw u a s E ted AT LEE came nu E Rak prs ae oe LI u A AA Ma
70. u gt P ki a a Pl a iibi ode dia ve wx ve p viv at a B AA Ww fa a y n e BG y e po ina iid io I LT x CIA A LETT TN j e LII o e 2 i o m uni m d Ty eH Ife vs OY yD yw A afl P a p EEG Selen Aa PUTA SSR ee eh La AAA A a papi og Pops e x ray E ES is zx 2 a l ate iow M Vil pue Aro gt ate er TEE NE En va mE nd y Y RP we we LR DL DORT Iis e Wo arn rw ys UV reine W een t hd gt au Ve H ME ap ans c o gt Erg EEE ee S ET r AA A a dm y Pie WR XI PS Pr ET e en a A Ve rv Je on Checo oy AN 10 ra e u a v s i ya Po e me me UT van ne RN iip ee UN ERATES EN hn e Sif ts om PR Ttc rt VEN wo UNS nitus Dr Ba trus DV e Rudi E ah THE diua on BO La V We Mn an Ar pq a val vide d h M cix cow v Vox ern nis e y Ran ia 5 N di 4 SIA e TRAY pe EEE TEA tq ARD YN a 0 9 er E RR ENT Pario Ra Io O Sy Coq vom VIR lo LI RAT ere TY uU PURI A ls BEE ch uh ue rra P VV e GL SUR WM c ait dae v Sachsen ee shd x gt m a vie k i z u oerte iuis Se an GR SADE EEE rem p egre Por A qe ries PN TE rea RE NET RA a ER LE Mp AA Ta a PRA NES TUM Su ee rs otv U ao ale NOA W a Urs y reese pia i ug ren v i a 5 an m wb IT ca a e db 2 Percorsi I fervi Ur VQ QU doe oh 48 5 A bu H TRI ih bade dew CMW ere WE Se ered Bot FE ar t t Ld J a o A oo gt Pa Sa ars UAG a Vaj rn EO ET O a ATI US e NA TE ETA ERA e PA RR Eu D gt M i N a E wi gt ee yo so diis tem e
71. uci PU aot me S PRO N we MS Tan ete Dio Pl nn Ct e o m n aie ae a Mg Te os ect xg unus D P m dre debit et ee MM Pow MI gu de sap v wii ym to M Eq Uu gw 0 y AL e maa AGA aa een IO a AAA E E MUA USD FREU ann E s we FEE eror p F Ls r SC XX o3 E s 3 e a u ai gt ar een as d OT roe Oe tet tow tm s a m gt v Eu d I gt OPATA umaa i UE PU re i ax A He ai a eee IS o e Cu O MA a A ne a ae ms aw x e o rn rn ii a a TE Wales Mt VE mV fri Pri Pt 26 Dira ct tgo A x E wwe e at pm art QU wp quoa as s UPA LI A SS Behe rr T ow E TM La a pone Sn sw Den ara me we amar RE e w nd a ut o7 A var wet iy or gt un wu pe 3 e we qut te is s aw dos epic qat Pal ES A e A Ry II e MATA RI ANDA ORE Co om IV VII PRA e uti we a iiid e Pa gt s j L4 y wen ae P a 2 ee net UE Um o sts obama WI i ul E ap Pas 1 16 om he ee an e AN AU OU Wor AGA PGA o IO A e EE rtm E s ba i er oro e w An ni mat qoa Or gu gt P une erg re eine SS A A AN A8 Agr f tma mg RER OX ovre gh aye malus oa Ae ec AR z M E ove gt E m SI ae gt CU ai Bee he ct x 7 el A P n gt E A AI IE we ze met Armes re en A Cu SR hi 30 RII Re Wa dA LU mei Un rt ES se i gt pU a gt wre s a ng Se peta ed ee Ppress N ET AA te O IA vu VTA A A 08 eS Hn a I T wy s dn w ES CX S d 25s gt vd ii g REA Cw cw ge Pa Skea y
72. used gt Kill is followed by a link number It acts somewhat like a stop followed by a purge with the indicated link However unlike the stop the kill abruptly terminates network transmission and reception by the link The link is liquidated The liquidation of the link is not acknowledged the link is immediately put in the unused state effectively deleting it from the state table lt purged gt kill gt lt unused gt lt ready gt kill gt lt unused gt lt active gt kill gt lt unused gt lt closed gt Kill gt lt unused gt lt ready wait gt kill gt lt unused gt lt active wait gt kill gt lt unused gt lt purge wait gt kill gt lt unused gt lt stop wait gt kill gt lt unused gt lt unused gt zul unnuised lt ERROR gt kill gt lt unused gt E The indirect command which may be abbreviated i is followed by a Unix file pathname The contents of this file are interpreted as Transponder commands and immediately executed Indirect and i commands may not appear in the file The number of possible links is reduced by one inside of an indirect file 13 There is no printed acknowledgement associated with the indirect command itself The param or p command creates a link with the given attributes It is one of the first commands that a user will probably issue Its form is virtually identical to the Eif Transpond
73. ve to be changed SOCKNUM is defined in socknum h 22 Whenever a program name i e procedure name or global structure or etc is referenced it will be in at least its first appearance followed by two vertical bars and by the source filename in which it resides 23 Until a defunct process is claimed by its parents it stays in the process table All orphans are claimed by process one etc init 16 Transponder Implementation Manual The Master is a very peculiar Unix program because of the lack of asynchrony in Unix input output The Master must wait on the inclusive or of two cvents input from the user keyboard and input from subprocesses There is only one way to implement this in standard Unix that is with a pipe with many writers and one reader Let us call the pipe a reply pipe These writers are 1 a process that we will call the Echo Master 24 and 2 zero to fifteen decimal Slave processes 25 The Echo Master sits in a tight loop reading from the user s keyboard and writing on the reply pipe in procedure initmaster c The Slaves put messages in the reply pipe only in response to some stimulus from the Master The reply pipe messages must be kept short so as not to be garbled and there must be some way of distinguishing between the various writers This was accomplished by the use of one byte messages with the high order bit distinguishing between bytes originating from the user s keyboard and bytes placed on the
74. y the write behavior is reported by the t slave and only the reed behavior by the r slave The r slave also reports any incorrect data that it receives The Master actually only creates one Slave per link per param command The Slave thus created replicates itself to form a r slave the child and a t slave the parent upon receipt of an ACTIVE CM command There is no communication between the r slave and the t slave other than over the network connection that they share 30 The transmitted data can be checked without any other communication between the t slave and the r slave because both Slaves have knowledge of the param statement that created them and the data pattern is a function solely of the param statement D bp e o ow 28 There is one other procedure that dispatches to Slave reply routines It is verifymaster c 29 In fact these processes will alter their own argument list so that the Unix command ps will print more meaningful data Their zeroth argument will be r slave or t slave depending upon their function and will be suffixed by their link number Another way of putting this is that the statistics file that the process opens will have the same name as their zeroth argument as seen by ps Ps will also display a set of arguments which represent in this order the process id of the process the value of the file descriptor that constitutes the command pipe and the list of param arguments 30 Thus of course the

A network Unix system - Ideals - University of Illinois Urbana

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