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1. 93 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Sidereal Day The duration of one rotation of the earth on its axis with respect to the vernal equinox It is measured by successive transits of the vernal equinox over the upper branch of a meridian Because of the precession of the equinoxes the sidereal day thus defined is slightly less than the period of rotation with respect to the stars but the difference is less than 0 01 second The length of the mean sidereal day is 24 hours of sidereal time or 23 hours 56 minutes 4 09054 seconds of mean solar time Sidereal Hour Angle abbr SHA Angular distance west of the vernal equinox the arc of the celestial equator or the angle at the celestial pole between the hour circle of the vernal equinox and the hour circle of a point on the celestial sphere measured westward from the hour circle of the vernal equinox through 360 degrees Angular distance east of the vernal equinox through 24 hours is right ascension Sidereal Month The average period of revolution of the moon with respect to the stars a period of 27 days 7 hours 43 minutes 11 5 seconds or approximately 27 1 3 days Sidereal Period 1 The time taken by a planet or satellite to complete one revolution about its primary as seen from the primary and as referred to a fixed star 2 Specifically the interval between two successive returns of an earth satellite in orbit to the same geocentric r
2. make dep build dependencies make bzImage build compressed kernel image make modules build loadable modules make modules install install loadable modules make install install kernel and initrd images in boot You may see lots of warnings during the compile phases these are normal At the end of the make bzImage you will see an error that the kernel image is too big for a floppy You can safely ignore this After the make install completes you should have a new kernel image in boot with an extension of NANO This is your new nanosecond enabled kernel This phase also updates the etc grub conf file which is the boot loader configuration file This leaves the previous kernel in the boot prompt list so you can return to it if the new kernel fails to boot The new kernel is added to the list There is a default 1 line in the file which indicates the second entry is the default Once you have booted the new kernel and decided it is running cleanly change this to default 0 to boot the new kernel automatically Compile and install NTP from ntp org The latest production release of NTP can be downloaded from http www ntp org downloads html The NTP that is distributed with the RedHat release does not contain the correct drivers for the Motorola Oncore receiver used in the CNS Clock The current release files are in usr src patches ntp 4 2 0 In the directory run the following command configure After
3. Along with patching specific files a new header file timepps h is created Once the patch is installed make a copy of usr include sys timex h and create symlinks to the new headers f ln s usr src linux 2 4 20 include linux timepps h usr include sys timepps h ln s usr src linux 2 4 20 include linux timex h usr include sys timex h Compile and install the new kernel To compile the kernel change to the usr src linux 2 4 directory and run one of the following make menuconfig make xconfig The menuconfig option will bring you into a terminal graphics based kernel configuration routine The xconfig option will bring you into an X based kernel configuration routine In Code Maturity Level Options select Prompt for development and or incomplete code drivers This will enable the additional configuration parameters added from the patch Under Processor type and features select NTP kernel support NTP PPS support and Debug NTP PPS support Under character devices make sure support for console on serial port is selected and select NTP PPS support on serial port Save your changes when exiting Run the following commands make clean clean up any previously compiled objects Some example commands such as those below wrap due to space limitations in this document They should actually be entered each on a single line 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 70 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc
4. 95 Cu braid 77 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Factor gt 5GHz RG 6 QUAD 040 Cu clad center conductor with foam 0 82 CATV dielectric amp type I jacket nominal impedance 75 Ohm outer diameter 300 Quad Al shielding 100 foil 50 braid 100 foil 50 braid RG 141A U 18 AWG Ag plated Cu clad center conductor with Teflon dielectric amp type V braided fiberglass jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm RG 142B U 18 AWG Ag plated Cu clad center conductor with Teflon dielectric amp jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 195 2 layers 98 Ag Cu braid RG 174 U 7 strands 0063 Cu clad center conductor with poly dielectric amp type IIA non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 100 98 tinned Cu braid RG 178B U 7 strands 38 AWG Ag plated Cu clad center conductor with Teflon dielectric amp jacket Nominal impedance 50 ohm outer diameter 075 98 Ag Cu braid RG 316 U 7 strands 0067 Ag plated Cu clad center conductor with Teflon dielectric amp jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 110 98 Ag Cu braid RG 196A U 7 strands 28 AWG Ag plated Cu clad center conductor with Teflon dielectric amp jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 080 98 Ag Cu braid RG 400 U 19 strands 0077 Ag plated Cu clad center conductor with Teflon dielectric amp jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 195 2 layers
5. Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Paging Sequencer Module Setup eee eere eee eere eese seen sette setas e ease tetas tates ease esa aee 80 HHIES umi n SSSss as 83 Log Q1 To RR cc 84 RAW Data TiOt ssesicsicccclssccsoscessssssdsscconsbescnsesvecesesdcecanssesocesevieecdodsensnsssssecsvossonsavessosesessiessuseseesbaese 84 Binary Data Li08 vesscccsssssssced csavetsensacosccssevenssvennsveceseesttesieevsnatocesecsbancs eoeceesseessbncsseocecssessionssenesedse 84 Time Position Velocity Etc Log ccsssccssscssssscesssccsssccsssssssseccssccsssssssssescssccscsssssssssssssesees 84 Iac E 85 NMEA Common Format PVT log e ee ee ee ee eere e eene eee en eet to seta sese tasse aeneo tese esas e seen a een 86 Ia MEET M 87 Advisory Message iier n Eger rU ERE ER OE EEEE R EE SEEE Soasi 88 Computer Clock Correction Applied Message eeeseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeenen nennen ener nenne 88 sample data aee ot eren ee D D ER DH Ute e ORO tete pr en 88 RINEX Data Er 88 Time Interval Log Formats Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only ecce eene eee ene eee 89 The Averaging E08 eto p ne ed P LR D E aye rec b 89 The Time Int rv l Eoe ohne rede teo e cw vin eleanor ES 90 The Configuration Log ohne etg rg leder eene see ie Ep eat eet Se DS 91 Reference INfOr man isseire r
6. POSN3D In the etc ntp conf file add or modify the following lines server 127 127 1 0 local clock fudge 127 127 1 0 stratum 10 driftfile etc ntp drift broadcastdelay 0 008 logfile var log ntpstats xntpd statsdir var log ntpstats statistics loopstats peerstats clockstats sysstats filegen loopstats file loopstats type day enable filegen peerstats file peerstats type day enable filegen clockstats file clockstats type day enable filegen sysstats file sysstats type day enable Kernel PPS Selection enable pps server 127 127 30 0 prefer Start the ntpd daemon using the following command 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 72 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc etc init d ntpd start Run the following command f ntpq p The output should look like the following remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter LOCAL 0 LOCAL 0 10 1 1 64 1 0 000 0 000 0 001 GPS ONCORE 0 GPS 01 16 0 0 000 0 000 4000 00 After several minutes the GPS reference clock will become the reference source as indicated by an asterisk next to the entry remote refid st t when poll reach delay offset jitter LOCAL 0 LOCAL 0 10 1 10 64 17 0 000 0 000 0 001 GPS_ONCORE 0 GPS 01 4 16 377 0 000 0 006 0 004 After this is running look in the var log ntpstats clockstats file and locate several lines that look like the following 52985 63107 851 127 127 30 0 Posn 52985 63107 851 127 127 3
7. The Grant To box will show the groups and users currently assigned this privilege e Use the Add button to open the Add Users and Groups dialog box e Click on the Show Users button to add individual user accounts to the display e Select the user s and or groups s that should be added to the Change the system time privilege list e Select OK if you are satisfied with the choices otherwise choose Cancel e Now you are back at the User Rights Policy dialog Again select OK if you are satisfied with the choices otherwise choose Cancel 53 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 You may then exit the User Manager program log out of the administrator s account log in as the user and test the new privilege Windows 2000 and Windows XP Log in as a system administrator Run the Local Security Settings program under Start Settings Control Panel Administrative Tools Local Security Policy This is an instance of the Microsoft Management Console Under the Tree tab in the left Pane click on the next to Local Policies Then select User Rights Assignment In the right pane you will now see list of policies Select Change the System Time in the right pane and open it by double clicking or right click and select Security The Local Security Policy Setting box will show the groups and users currently assigned this privilege Use the Add button to open the Select Users or Groups dialog box
8. is adjusted for nutation to eliminate slight irregularities in the rate MJD Show Modified Julian Date MJD is the number of each day as reckoned consecutively since the beginning of 1859 The Julian day is used primarily by astronomers to avoid confusion due to the use of different calendars at different times and places For more see What is Julian Time PC U Shows the error offset between the PC s clock and UTC after removing the effects of the time zone offset This can be a useful tool in evaluating the PC s drift between synchronization events See also Set PC Clock TIC View Time Interval Counter data with sawtooth corrections applied Help Menu The help menu provides access to the help feature and the program information box where the program password is placed Help Topics Command Use this command to access the Help table of contents From there you can find information on the operation of all menu commands and other useful reference information About Command Use this command to display the copyright notice and version number of your copy of Tac32 Other Commands Other commands are those commands available from the program toolbar but not from the menu Context Help command Use the Context Help command to obtain help on some portion of Tac32 When you choose the Toolbar s Context Help button the mouse pointer will change to an arrow and question mark Then click somewhere in the Tac32 51 O 1998
9. then click OK to continue See Log Type Dialog Box Select a file name using the New Log File dialog box Select the type of new file you want to open in the Open Log File dialog box You can create new GPS logs with the New GPS Data Log File command 19 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Log Type Dialog Box Use this dialog box to select the log type when creating a new log or opening an existing log Note Logs are opened as shared read only files and are updated once every minute This allows the log files to be read or copied without closing them New GPS Log Type C Time Position Velocity Etc Binary Data C NMEA Common Format PVT C Rinex Data Log Every Second gt Zero offset C 1 Sec offset Use GPS Sec tt C 1 Sec offset Cancel The Raw Data Log will contain the messages from the GPS receiver preceded by an input or output arrow Binary data messages will be interpreted The Binary Data Log will contain all the binary data messages that are in use by Tac32 in pure binary format The messages in use vary depending on the features that are active This log type is enabled only when the GPS receiver is in binary mode The Time Position Velocity Etc Log will contain information about the current PVT status in a comma delimited text format that can be imported into a spreadsheet program for analysis This information is derived from only one message type depending
10. 1 32 m 16 74 m Aim 4 1m When you begin operation RMS 16 39 2 66 16 57 41 0 41 0 y E p i Avg Cur 0 30 m 1 78 m 1 81 m 05m 0 4m at a new location you will RMS 02 1 29 1 16 03 03 RefCur 16 99 m 0 47 m 17 00 m 407m 40 7 m probably not know your RMS 1670 16 72 411 position accur ately The Defauts OK Cancel For Help Press F1 raw positions reported by the GPS receiver will wander by up to 300 meters horizontally and 450 meters vertically because of weak geometry of the satellites errors in the broadcast ephemerides atmospheric propagation errors and especially because the US Military degrades GPS known as SA Selective Availability To overcome these errors it is desirable to average position measurements for several hours to get an accurate position When the receiver has been running in position mode for a while you can transfer the average position into the reference position You may also manually enter coordinates This screen provides information about the progress and statistics of the averaging process allows you to make adjustments to that process and shows an estimate of the current timing accuracy Setup The Setup Box allows you to manipulate the Position and Time averaging parameters You can change the clamp time constant for position RMS or time averages Enter new limit time constants in seconds You can also reset the position RMS or time filter counters to start a fresh average For best
11. 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 window such as another Toolbar button The Help topic will be shown for the item you clicked 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 52 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Special Setup Instructions Solutions to common setup problems Windows Clock Settings Windows NT Windows 2000 and Windows XP users will not be able to set the clock on their computer unless they have the appropriate privilege The required privilege is called Change the system time and can be assigned to groups and or individual users By default Windows NT 2000 and XP assign this privilege to the groups Administrators and Power Users It is often unwise to operate your computer from an account belonging to one of these groups as users of these accounts can present a significant risk to your computer Instead it is recommended that either individual users or the Users group be assigned the Change the system time privilege To assign the Change the system time privilege to an individual user or group follow these steps carefully An error here could cause significant unwanted results Windows NT e Log in as a system administrator e Run the User Manager program under Start Programs Administrative Tools e From the menu select Policy User Policies This opens the User Rights Policy dialog box e Select Change the system time from the Right drop down menu this is not an advanced user right
12. 98 Ag Cu braid RG 402 U 141 semi rigid line Ag Cu clad 0362 center conductor with Teflon dielectric amp a solid Cu jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 141 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 78 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Factor 1 5GHz HF BURY 8 13 7x 0296 stranded center conductor 104 with solid poly dielectric amp type IIIA polyethylene jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 405 100 Al mylar 95 tinned Cu braid Waterproofing flooded between shield amp jacket make this a direct bury cable Andrew 109 solid Cu clad AL w micro cell 241543 foam amp type IIIA polyethylene jacket Nominal Impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 405 10096 AL mylar 8896 tinned Cu braid Andrew LDF4 Cu clad Al center conductor w low loss 50A closed cell foam dielectric annular corrugated Cu outer conductor type IIIA jacket Nominal impedance 50 ohm outer diameter 63 solid Cu shield Andrew LDF5 Cu clad Al center conductor w low loss 50A polyethylene dielectric annular corrugated Cu outer conductor type IIIA jacket Nominal impedance 50 ohm outer diameter 1 09 solid Cu shield RG 405 U 086 semi rigid line Cu clad 0201 center conductor with Teflon dialectic amp solid Cu jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 086 NOTES 1 LMR series coaxial cable is made by Times Microwave Systems TMS a Smiths Industries PLC company which was originall
13. Access to TIC Time and Averaging Data via Telnet TCP IP 65 TIC Time Data aT CE 66 R eSpOnSe inseso e eaa echoes eer ite Os este lee Ite aee A Aided aiuto 66 TIC Av raeme Datas Ri Repeated RR eee E EU Er o ere pa 66 ROS POD LB EE 66 luuo decer 67 Terminating a Remote Control Session 4 eee eese esee e esee ee een en seta stato seta sesto seta senatu 67 S 6 ER A ANAE EE ath PCE rE at Ge CSNY EER ERATE DES 68 Synchronize Other Windows Computers to This One cere eee esee tenente 68 Setup NTP under Red Hat Linux 9 for use with the CNS Clock 69 D SCEIDUOfL ee ert m tette t ee ee 69 Connect the CNS clock to the serial port sees nnne rennen enne 69 Download the correct version of kernel sources and PPSKit sse 69 Patch the kernel sources with the PPSkit Pulse Per Second Kit sse 70 Compile and install the new kerel 2 esee ete E fen pr e iata 70 Compile and install NTP from ntp org eeseseeeesseseeeeeeee ener nne ne ennt nre nets tenete 71 Configure NTP to use the Oncore driver sess eene enne en EEEa E EERS 72 Loghl Sza 4 eset ER n tede e bd pii IR P ERR 74 How to select the antenna feedline eere retirees eese nete eene tensa enata sesso seta sesso nena 74 CNS Clock DUONG Said tio It MRR AGA OCR IR 80 iii 1998 2006 CNS Systems
14. Data from 21 044 6 us 21 039 0 us TE 21 034 7 us 37509 600463 21 Tac32Plus 37509 600475 21 Time 37509 600487 21 Interval Log 37509 600498 21 0347 6 00 34 0 000 21 0407 2 937 13 0 00 The data elements in each line of the Time Interval Log are in order e Time Stamp selectable format see Time stamp section e Time interval reading from the HP or Agilent 53131A or 53132A Time Interval Counter TIC e GPS receiver sawtooth clock error data e GPS receiver accuracy estimate for future use e PPS offset e Corrected TIC data sawtooth or both sawtooth and PPS offset e PC Time error vs UTC PC U e UTC Correction factor seconds part e UTC Correction factor nanoseconds part The time stamp represents the most recent time received from the GPS receiver synchronized by the 1PPS signal when the log entry is written The time stamp therefore has a precision of about 100 msec and accuracy of 40 0 1 0 seconds relative to UTC mean 0 5 seconds 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 90 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc The Configuration Log The configuration file contains administrative information about the opening and closing times for the log files GPS receiver and program settings when the files are opened and changes to GPS or program settings as they occur The configuration file may also contain Satellite Event data based on the setting of the Satellite Event Recording checkbox in the file New o
15. GPS antenna Other voltages are optional Tac32 software with a wide range of timing features as well as self survey logging 1PPS steering and PC clock synchronization EMI certified to FCC Part 15 Subpart B and CISPR 22 1994 both radiated and conducted emissions A note about 1PPS accuracy In position hold mode 1PPS accuracy is 50 nsec 1 sigma with SA on We have observed performance of 30 50 nsec and with careful measurements as good as 20 nsec Details will be provided on request 1 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Hardware Overview The CNS Clock is a compact yet rugged package with flexible interfaces and low EMI Features The core of the CNS Clock is a GPS receiver module The standard version of the CNS Clock features the best available receiver the Motorola Oncore VP UT or M12 Each of the two external 1 PPS output signals are independently buffered to improve their drive capabilities and to prevent damage to the GPS receiver module The buffers will drive 3 volts into a 50 ohm termination with a rise time of lt 2 nsec The normal logic polarity is positive going at the epoch time An RS232 driver provides 1 PPS time synchronization to an attached computer The 1 PPS signal is normally connected to the computer s DCD input but connection to CTS or DSR can be provided The RS232 I O ports are buffered and isolated from the GPS receiver module Two RS232 port
16. MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 100
17. Save As Type Select the type of log file you want to create This also filters the type of files shown in the files preview window You may choose an existing file or enter the same file name as an existing file in which case you will be asked if you wish to overwrite the file Open Log File dialog box The following options allow you to specify the name and location of the log file you re about to open 21 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Look In Lists the available folders and files To see how the current folder fits in the hierarchy on your computer click the down arrow To see what s inside a folder click it File Preview Box Shows the folders and files in the selected location You can also double click a folder or file in this box to open it To open the folder one level higher click the file up icon on the toolbar File Name Provides a space for you to type the name of the file Type or select the filename you want to open This box lists files with the extension you select in the List Files of Type box You can use as a wildcard For example you can type to see a list of all files You can also type the full path of a file Files of Type Select the type of log file you want to open This also filters the type of files shown in the files preview window You may choose an existing file or enter the same file name as an existing file in which a new header and the new log data wi
18. Scroll through the top window to see all the user and group selections Select the user s and or groups s that should be added to the Change the System Time privilege list by clicking on each user or group and pressing the Add button Select OK if you are satisfied with the choices otherwise choose Cancel Now you are back at the Local Security Settings main dialog You may exit the Local Security Settings program log out of the administrator s account log in as the user and test the new privilege Windows XP In addition to the procedure above it is necessary to stop the Windows Time Service so that Tac32 can take control of the clock settings You must be logged on as an administrator or a member of the Administrators group in order to complete this procedure If your computer is connected to a network network policy settings may also prevent you from completing this procedure Open the Services program Start Settings Control Panel Administrative Tools Services In the details panel select the Windows Time service From the Action menu click Stop To configure startup parameters for the Windows Time service right click the service click Properties and then select Startup Type Disabled Click OK Close the Services window Finally perform all the instructions shown for Windows 2000 Tac32 will now be able to control the clock on the Windows XP computer 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 54 CNS Clock and Tac32 C
19. Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 One and only one of the file types must be specified The REPLACE field is optional If present any file by the same name as the new log file will be deleted It has no effect with the OPEN command The log file will remain open until the Log File CLOSE command is received or the file is closed by means of the user interface Failure will occur when an attempt is made to open or create a new log file when one is already open Failure will also occur when a new log file is requested but a file by that name already exists and the REPLACE flag is not specified See also Unrecognized commands or parameters Log File Close Command PCNSL LOG CLOSE Response PCNSL LOG CLOSED or PCNSL LOG FAILED Failure occurs when there is no Log file is open See also Unrecognized commands or parameters Log File Status Command PCNSL LOG STATUS Response PCNSL LOG STATUS OPENED RAW BINARY PVT NMEA RINEX Filename or PCNSL LOG STATUS CLOSED The response shows the type and filename of the log if open See also Unrecognized commands or parameters TIC Log File New and Open Commands PCNSL TICLOG NEWIOPEN Filename COMMAISPACEITAB YDFIMJDIEXCEL REPLACE TIx ALTICx ALINTx ARONIAROFF SEONISEOFF 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 62 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc where 1 Either NEW or OPEN must be present All the oth
20. Telnet Server and the user interface program is the Client All Telnet commands and responses begin with the proprietary NMEA key word PCNSL Command instructions and parameters follow the key word separated by commas Activation of the Telnet server capability and selection of the Telnet socket number is under user control through a dialog box activated by the hidden command lt Ctrl gt T i e press the T key while holding down the Control key The dialog box allows the user to activate or deactivate the server and to choose the port number The default is for the server to be inactive and the port number is defaulted to 32325 Thus the server is inactive until turned on Settings are stored in the Registry and are restored when the program is restarted Port numbers are restricted to the range 1024 through 32768 port numbers between 0 and 1023 are reserved for system services Note If you are running the program as a service the Telnet server selection must be enabled as part of the setup procedure before activating the service For more information see the manual or Help file section Windows NT Set Up Tac32Plus as a Service Log File New and Open Commands PCNSL LOG NEW RAW BINARY I PVT NMEA RINEX Filename REPLACE Response PCNSL LOG NEW OPEN RAW BINARY PVT NMEA RINEX Filename CREATED or PCNSL LOG NEW OPEN RAW BINARY PVT NMEA RINEX Filename FAILED 61 1998 2006 CNS
21. View GPS Data Raw Dat aeioeaio reet tie eet ee Tyne ette ero den casseecevasceddptadacovesnevecebenaaes 29 View GPS Data Receiver ID Message 0 00 1 cssecescesesecesecseeecseesecsseeccsaccasesecsevseesaeeeesaecaeesecsevateneeseeegs 30 jUU 31 Navigation Data Format Command eese eene enne nennen AA inneren 31 Sound Eff cts Command a vie e nib oat en me aO p E pat eges 31 Set PC Clock command to pte os ean ea says EE EEO REEE ANERE 31 Set Reference Loc tlOn 2 5 eb hA phat WA RO RO me wr bees 34 Set Timing Parameters oriec oom b d ob pepe a np bine 35 Coax Delay Calculator dialog boxes 5 5 bna ea oi De deer etra pe tbt pt 38 Averaging Parameters o pos pido eaa mE i eoo b edi mel 39 Set Receiver Parameters entendi aat PA p Ra eO paa apice eres 42 Manual GPS Receiver Commands sese eene ener enne ener erret rennen 46 Initiate GPS Receiver Self Test ioco er ea On m ps 48 Imtate GPS Receiver Self Survey ni an RE PERI ER Re pb etd eres 48 Manual Satellite Selects e 49 NTP Time Server Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only esses 50 DS Play I PEE M c 50 Duas E M 50 o I 50 GIST i cadeduscdessts cecad sees E ein eite ede fi eed eo n oe eed qiie ee d i itte eu etel 50 BUMS Tots shes toe oon eme tlt FO emat oa emerit Pd 51 ipM II ERU E 51 PCU
22. any way so long as the maximum length of the header is not exceeded The header must conform to the message format for the receiver s mode or the message cannot be sent Parameters HEX if binary mode This box is automatically filled with default information when a selection is made from the Command drop down list The user is free to modify this field When operating in NMEA modes this field will be sent exactly as entered including spaces When operating in binary mode this field must be filled with hexadecimal characters only In this case white space is ignored so spaces can be used to separate groups of hexadecimal characters to improve readability The spaces will not be sent WARNING The hexadecimal characters must be in pairs 47 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Each pair of characters represents one 8 bit byte If the number of characters is not even the program will insert a zero 0 at the left end of the parameter block to fill it out before sending Checksum For receivers that use a checksum at the end of their messages this field is automatically calculated whenever any field is changed In NMEA modes these characters will be sent as shown In binary modes these characters are a hexadecimal representation of the binary character s that will be sent Close Use this button to close the dialog box No message will be sent when this button is selected Send Use this button to
23. averaging period and must be 0 leave unchanged or 2 to 20 000 period in seconds ARON and AROFF activate and deactivate the TIC logging auto restart function respectively SEON and SEOFF activate and deactivate the Satellite Event Recording to the configuration file respectively Response PCNSL TICLOG NEW OPEN COMMA SPACE TAB YDF MJD EXCEL Filename CREATED 63 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 or PCNSL TICLOG NEW OPEN COMMA SPACE TAB YDF MJD EXCEL Filename FAILED One and only one of the file types must be specified The log file will remain open until the TIC Log File CLOSE command is received or the file is closed by means of the user interface Failure will occur when an attempt is made to open or create a new log file when one is already open Failure will also occur when a new log file is requested but any of the files in the corresponding triad of TIC log files already exists and the REPLACE flag is not specified See also Unrecognized commands or parameters TIC Log File Close Command PCNSL TICLOG CLOSE Response PCNSL LOG CLOSE Filename CLOSED or PCNSL LOG CLOSE FAILED Failure occurs when there are no Log files open See also Unrecognized commands or parameters TIC Log File Status Command PCNSL TICLOG STATUS Response PCNSL TICLOG STATUS Filename OPENED or PCNSL TICLOG STATUS CLOSED The response shows filename
24. c 9 Coax Delay Calculator e cceoin ee eo ori en teo ea e eee Go nta o ro eua epo suocesionsossedessensscesessensetsenctiesaseeue 10 Averaging Parameters estes entere reset ea e qo PE ER ee EE SERE pee seesssessosbaecencesseusssonnsdeseesssesssosaccoseeses 10 GPS Mode Selection esce teet ea otto n eek doe eon cetero eo aues o oboe E eor aeo UO OUS Ne eS ERU nU De EN oossoo sosai 10 OMS Started ss aset Oa nd D Date A On Olli DOR TG ODORE IES 12 la ETRO AEI a e dies asectaen EE cdevsseodsavanee ddevdusuesavacee sdevsetvesuesdesdieosssessensee coectete 12 PACSZ SO UWAEe 2 5 esoreesa cepe ev eee sauce TE E E ERE EE NR RR ESEREEE EE UP SPORT UT Or NOUS SE PEERNE ET PP E CONS OE UR 13 Software Ins tallatiGne 45 eoim ED s 13 Internet Software Installation cessere nennen tete hehehe tete tete tete tete tette te tenen 14 Trying Your CNS Clock stone abierat e e e papae ener 14 Improving the Reference Position hisses sch basis p P eri ee CO Peres 15 Getting a Still Better Reference Position eceseeccssecsseeecseeeecsseecessecseesecnevsecsaeeecsaecasesecseeaeenesseeeas 15 Using the CNS Clock for Timing enirn denne peter cepe rr ETETE ed oe eed aee e E 16 Tune Offsets anat o eoa an E ERE PE I ERE bt ecd el 16 Getting Help ee eR Ea ie eto e aed eer eroe ER 17 Tnstallation Note SR URS 17 The Antenna and Its Installation eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee enhn nennen nnne A ia tet
25. data gt Ek23201 2761 D es 11 19 1997 20 12 30 009195524 39 090233 650424 12 19 46 30 025 cannot be directly gt Ek 232 01 21 61 1 gt Ea 11 19 1997 20 13 31 000209915 33 090232 76 504422 12 10 46 22 0 21 displayed Often such gt Ek 23201 21 6 1 1 gt Ea 11 19 1997 20 13 32 000224305 39 090231 76 504421 12 03 46 14 0 20 data is shown as a series en2320121611 i gt Ea 11 19 1997 20 13 33 000238695 39 090229 76 604419 11 95 46 07 0 22 of hexadecimal b Ek 232 01 21 611 characters but that gt Ea 11 19 1997 20 13 34 000253086 39 090228 76 604417 11 82 45 93 0 21 gt Ek 2 3 2 0 1 21 6 1 1 wasn t very useful in Tac32 Instead the raw data is represented by the individual data fields decomposed into their true contents Some messages may only be partially decoded the missing fields designated with ellipsis Messages which are not decoded at all such as those marked with a have only the message identification characters shown the first four characters in the case of a Motorola receiver View GPS Data Receiver ID Message Use this command to display the GPS receiver s identification message Typical messages are shown in the following table GPS 20 00 VER 1 30 CJj ROM checksum test P pass F fail P COPYRIGHT 1991 1996 MOTOROLA Receiver failure P pass F fail P INC Stored Data L lost R retained R SFTW P N 98 P36830P Real time clock L lost R retained
26. data may be from a true survey using dual receivers and post Qu 39 5 25 1956 processing or may be generated by Longitude averaging a number of location average 75 36 1402 values T Ea When first opened the Manual Entry of Geoid Ellipsoid Difference Reference Location Reference Position dialog box shows the tar fne T Geoid Ellipsoid Diff Current Locati current reference position settings The uem Latitude and Longitude are shown in the current navigation format see the Nav Data J cm Format command You may enter the new reference position parameters in the Latitude Longitude and Altitude fields shown above Name The Name field with its drop down box and Save Remove buttons provides a user specific data base capability This allows reference locations to be preprogrammed for later recall Selecting a name from the drop down list will cause all the fields to be filled with the information associated with that name To update a database entry change the data and press the Save button To create a new entry enter a new name and press Save To remove an entry choose the entry from the drop down list and press the Remove button 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 34 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc If aname is showing in the Name field when the OK button is pressed the named item is updated or created with the current information If no update is desired be sure the name field is blank when the O
27. info 2 cnssys com 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 98 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc 7 MISCELLANEOUS If you acquired or use this SOFTWARE PRODUCT in the United States this EULA is governed by the laws of the State of Maryland If this SOFTWARE PRODUCT was acquired and is used exclusively outside of the United States then local law may also apply Should you have any questions concerning this EULA or if you desire to contact CNS Systems Inc for any reason please contact the CNS Systems Inc distributor serving your country or write CNS Systems Inc 363 Hawick Court USA or by FAX 1 410 987 7836 e mail to info cnssys com 8 LIMITED WARRANTY LIMITED WARRANTY CNS Systems Inc warrants that a the SOFTWARE PRODUCT will for a period of ninety 90 days from the date of your receipt perform substantially in accordance with CNS Systems Inc s written materials accompanying it and b any Support Services provided by CNS Systems Inc shall be substantially as described in applicable written materials provided to you by CNS Systems Inc and c CNS Systems Inc support engineers will make commercially reasonable efforts to solve any problem issues with the SOFTWARE PRODUCT To the extent that implied warranties on the SOFTWARE PRODUCT are disclaimable they are disclaimed herein below Some states and jurisdictions do not allow disclaimers of or limitations on the duration of an implied warranty so the above l
28. interface rules of the Service Control Manager SCM It can be started automatically at system boot by a user through the Services 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 56 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc control panel applet or by a Win32 based application that uses the service functions included in the Microsoft Win32 application programming interface API Services can execute even when no user is logged on to the system Tac32Plus can register itself as a service by logging in as the system administrator and running Tac32Plus from the Run command adding the switch install after the filename C Program Files CNS Systems Tac32Plus Tac32Plus exe install Similarly you can remove the service with C Program Files CNS Systems Tac32Plus Tac32Plus exe remove For Tac32Plus Service running under a System Account Log into the Administrator account and start the Tac32Plus service with user interface enabled All settings are separate for each account including the System account so ensure that the password reference location receiver parameters COM port receiver mode and all other settings are correct When this is done restart the Tac32Plus service with the user interface disabled The Tac32Plus service installation for running under the System account enables the keyboard mouse display by default so you can set it up and observe its performance This however allows any user of the system to change the parameters If yo
29. of Tac32Plus or Tac32Multi 58 How to set up a Garmin GPS 25L P e c ecce esee esee ee etta sette seta sese anas seta setate seta ases eaae a 59 Remote Control Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only cerae eee eerte eere neenon 60 Remote Access to Version Number via Telnet TCP IP eee eese eee e eene ennan 60 Version Number Request Commands esessssssssseseeeeeeeenen eene 60 RESPONSE 5 4 erect REED RO AG SUED ent arm d ae e E PR DNE 60 IUVIUCEMI EE 60 Remote Control of Log Functions via Telnet TCP IP ecce ceres ee eere eene eee en aeta 61 Log File New and Open Commands eese ener ener nennen eene ennt enne 61 DIT le 61 Log Fil Close Commatnd uehementer euet 62 DII 62 Log File Stat s Commandi edidi e Rh id de eet iP oido oet Pete e 62 DC I D M 62 TIC Log File New and Open Commands eese eren eene nee enne 62 DD 63 TIC Log File Close Command neee nete moe RP D m m t des 64 DIDI II 64 TIC Log File Status Cotmmand pere ene t e m Pam e t dne 64 Response tenete t ot OH iO de er ebd pe pe e br rer be ERE Eat 64 l a KOI 5er bte p ERR TR RP EE EP RERO E S 65 Remote
30. ports only once when the program is first used once per user for multi user computers If you make a change to the serial port hardware configuration every user on that computer should use the Probe button to register the changes with Tac32 This will take a few seconds during which the screen will freeze so be patient OK Once you are satisfied with your selections choose OK This will cause a complete re initialization of the system resetting averaging and other data restarting the serial port and completely re initializing the GPS receiver For some receivers this may take 20 seconds or more so be patient Note Your selections will be saved and will be available again even if you shut down and restart Tac32 Cancel If you decide not to implement the changes choose Cancel No changes will be made and the parameters will revert to their previous values View Menu The view menu provides access to the screen format commands and the GPS receiver data view ports Toolbar command Use this command to display and hide the Toolbar which includes buttons for some of the most common commands in Tac32 such as File Open A check mark appears next to the menu item when the Toolbar is displayed See Toolbar below for help on using the toolbar Toolbar The toolbar is displayed across the top of the application window below the menu bar The toolbar provides quick mouse access to many tools used in Dla amp j ejele ts ele T
31. preq acquire 4 bit sync detect carrier to noise density ratio C No channel status flag 5 message sync detect 6 satellite time available 7 ephemeris acquire 8 avail for position 0 255 dB Hz Each bit represents one of the following msb Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 sb Bit 0 End of channel dependent data S receiver status flag using for position fix satellite momentum alert flag satellite anti spoof flag set satellite reported unhealthy satellite reported inaccurate gt 16 m spare spare parity error Each bit represents one of the following msb Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Isb Bit 0 position propagate mode poor geometry DOP gt 12 3D fix 2D fix acquiring satellites position hold spare insufficient visible satellites lt 3 bad almanac NMEA Common Format PVT log The NMEA Common Format PVT log saves data in a common NMEA 0182 format regardless of the operating mode or type of GPS receiver This allows for data collected simultaneously from multiple receivers to be compared without regard to the format of their specific messages 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 86 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc This log uses NMEA Proprietary Sentences as defined in NMEA 0182 Version 2 00 Section 5 3 3 using the Manufacturer s code CNS The sentences currently defined are PVT Message PCNSA yyy
32. results select Use DOP Weighting with the default values of HDOPz 1 5 VDOP 2 0 and TDOP 1 5 See also Position Averaging Error Terms below The Position RMS and Timing Filter Counter boxes show the number of data points included in the current average On occasion the Position Filter Counter may show two numbers separated by a forward slash such as 740 653 The first number indicates the number of data points included in the horizontal averages latitude and longitude while the second number indicates the number of data points included in the vertical height average These numbers will be different if the GPS receiver has spent any time in a two 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 40 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc dimensional navigation mode This can happen either because the receiver was forced to 2 D navigation mode or because the receiver automatically reverted to a 2 D mode when it tracked fewer than four satellites for a period of time Lock Status The Lock status box shows the number of seconds during which the GPS receiver was NOT locked since Tac32 started or since the counter was reset You can zero the unlock counter with the Reset button Also shown is the date and time that the receiver last achieved lock Locked status is determined by Tac32 based on the desired navigation mode as set in the GPS Mode box on the GPS Receiver Mode Selections dialog box Note that the GPS receiver may have inter
33. screens It is recommended that you choose the default selections on each screen unless you are very sure what you are doing That s it Tac32 or Tac32Plus or Tac32Multi is set up and ready to go 13 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Internet Software Installation Tac32 software is also distributed over the Internet This is how you will get updates release notes and other information Point your Web browser to http www cnssys com and follow the links to the software download page From there you can also go to the release notes page If you would prefer to get your software and documentation through the mail CNS Systems will be pleased to make arrangements for a modest reproduction and shipping fee Trying Your CNS Clock After setting up the Tac32 software we are ready to see if everything works Apply power to the CNS Clock The front panel LED should start flashing On your PC start the Tac32 software Double click on the Tac32 desktop icon if you chose to install one or use the Start menu default folder is CNS Systems Tac32 will default to navigation mode and search for your receiver on COMI the first time it is started If your receiver is not on COMI be patient until Tac32 s search is over then choose Set Serial Port from the Edit menu select the correct serial port and receiver type and click on OK If your CNS Clock is working correctly you will see the time display updati
34. series This is because they can operate in either NMEA or manufacturer s proprietary modes The Generic NMEA mode is available to allow for monitoring a GPS receiver s NMEA messages without sending any control information to the receiver This allows Tac32 to be used with unsupported receivers Note If you have a Motorola GPS Receiver it is recommended that you use the proprietary mode Mot Bin In this mode the data rates are higher and the messages are event driven improving the response time and reducing overhead 1 PPS Signal You may select which control line on which the Ipps signal will be received In most cases this should be set to DCD Some computers such as the Macintosh do not implement the DCD so you may choose CTS or DSR as alternatives Port Parameters The remaining parameters are automatically configured by Tac32 based on the specific needs on the receiver and mode chosen This may change in the future particularly for data rate as many receivers allow higher than standard data rates in NMEA mode These parameters are e Stop Bits e Data Bits e Parity e Handshake 25 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 e Data Rate The current states are shown If you make a change in the port or receiver parameters above you may come back to this dialog box to see how the changes effected these parameters Probe for New Ports Tac32 will normally probe for the existence of serial
35. the configuration ensure that the Oncore driver is included in the build by looking in the config h file for the following lines Motorola UT Oncore GPS define CLOCK ONCORE 1 Do we have support for SHMEM STATUS define ONCORE SHMEM STATUS 1 Define to 1 if you have the sys timepps h header file define HAVE SYS TIMEPPS H 1 Define to 1 if you have the sys timex h header file define HAVE SYS TIMEX H 1 If these are correct run the following make make install 71 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 This will install the ntpd daemon and related files under usr local bin In the etc init d ntpd file you will need to change any of the ntpd or ntpdate lines to reflect the usr local bin path Create a symlink to etc init d ntpd in each etc rcn d directory for the run levels under which ntpd should start Configure NTP to use the Oncore driver Create the following symlinks dev oncore pps 0 gt dev ttyS0 dev oncore serial 0 gt dev ttyso Create an etc rc serial file and place the following command in it bin setserial dev ttyS0 low latency Create a directory called var log ntpstats Create an etc ntp oncore 0 file containing the following lines MODE 2 MODE 1 OFFSET 5 US PPS offset 5 microseconds ASSERT HARDPPS MASK 5 SHMEM var log ntpstats ONCORE 0
36. the use of a custom control program In either case this program is the Telnet Server and the user interface program is the Client All Telnet commands and responses begin with the proprietary NMEA key word PCNSL Command instructions and parameters follow the key word separated by commas Activation of the Telnet server capability and selection of the Telnet socket number is under user control through a dialog box activated by the hidden command lt Ctrl gt T i e press the T key while holding down the Control key The dialog box allows the user to activate or deactivate the server and to choose the port number The default is for the server to be inactive and the port number is defaulted to 32325 Thus the server is inactive until turned on Settings are stored in the Registry and are restored when the program is restarted Port numbers are restricted to the range 1024 through 32768 port numbers between 0 and 1023 are reserved for system services Note If you are running the program as a service the Telnet server selection must be enabled as part of the setup procedure before activating 65 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 the service For more information see Windows NT Set Up as a Service TIC Time Data The Time Interval Counter TIC Time data as stored in the TIC Time Interval Log can be requested over the remote Telnet connection The request can be for the next data message
37. time The time zone offset is derived from your computer s settings This requires that the receiver be in Motorola binary mode This has no effect on the operation of the Tac32 software or the local computer s time The capability has been included to support the generation of local time to drive other software programs and the optional IRIG B generator module Pulse Mode The normal mode of operation with this software is for the GPS receiver to provide a one pulse per second 1 PPS signal If the receiver is a Motorola UT the 100 PPS button will be available WARNING Selecting 100 PPS will disable PPS time synchronization for the computer Satellite Activation include checked satellites The receiver includes all satellites that are healthy according to the almanac in its tracking algorithm It is useful to have the flexibility to delete particular satellites from the selection process to allow for special tests and to eliminate satellites which may not be performing as well as you would like even though they are marked healthy Satellites are included when they are checked and excluded if not checked The default is all checked Note that this does not force the receiver to use a particular satellite it simply allows it Satellites that are currently being tracked are highlighted in green Satellites that have been tracked during the current session but are not now being 45 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS C
38. wish not to execute the command then release the mouse button while the pointer is off the toolbar button The next two sections show the receiver and antenna status indicators The antenna status is only provided by the Motorola Oncore UT and GT series receivers The next section of the status bar shows the clock heartbeat monitor This is a small box that glows red every time a one pulse per second 1pps signal is received from the GPS receiver normally on the DCD line of the serial port This can be very useful in diagnosing setup problems For instance if the 27 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 heartbeat monitor is working but other data on the screen is not being displayed you may have selected the wrong receiver type Go to the menu item Set Serial Port to correct this problem On the other hand if you are getting some data updates on the screen but the heartbeat is not working you may have a wiring problem or your receiver may not support the Ipps option In the latter case you will be forced to live with significantly degraded timing performance The far right area of the status bar show Tac32 system messages View Satellite Az El Chart Use this command to display the Satellite Azimuth Elevation Chart This chart shows a graphical representation of the position of the satellite positions on a polar plot to give the user a feel for the orientation of the satellite constellation The azim
39. you might want If you make a metal sheet you will probably want to drill a couple of holes in it and make use of the threaded holes in the back of the antenna rather than relying on the magnet especially if the ground plane is aluminum Make certain that the location you choose has good visibility of the sky down to an elevation of 10 degrees If you have to tolerate some blockage because of local obstructions try to place the blockage in the north if you are in the northern hemisphere or in the south if you are in the southern hemisphere This will be the area where no GPS satellites appear they are in orbits inclined 55 degrees You will need to run a piece of 50 ohm coaxial cable from the antenna to the CNS Clock which you now need to prepare The typical base station GPS antenna has an L band amplifier with about 30 dB of gain in it so you need to select coax that will have less than 20 25 dB of loss at 1575 MHz DC power 45v for the preamplifier is supplied through the coax by the CNS Clock so you will need to insure that you have a DC path as you install the cable Traditional Quarter inch i e RG58 or RG8X coax will be OK if the length is less than about 50 15 meters You should use half inch i e RG8 or RG214 if the length is up to about 150 50 meters 17 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 A better coax cable is a very low loss variety using microfoam such as Ti
40. 0 0 Lat N 42 2808972deg Long W 71 4092806deg Alt 40 50m 132 87ft GPS 52985 63107 851 127 127 30 0 Lat N 42deg 16 8538m Long W 71deg 24 55683m Alt 40 50m 132 87ft GPS 52985 63107 851 127 127 30 0 Lat N 42deg 16m 51 23s Long W Z71deg 24m 33 41s Alt 40 50m 132 87ft GPS These show three different formats for the location of the GPS receiver In order to stabilize NTP you will need to put these coordinates into the etc ntp oncore 0 file change to MODE 1 and remove the Posn3d line The file should look like the following MODE 2 MODE LAT 42 16 51 23 LONG 71 24 33 41 HT 40 50 m OFFSI ASSE HARDPPS 5 US PPS offset 5 microseconds A E MASK 5 Lu ce SHMEM var log ntpstats ONCORE POSN3D 73 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 After changing this file restart the ntpd daemon with the following command etc init d ntpd restart Check the ntpq p output after several minutes to ensure NTP is using the GPS as a reference clock Continue to monitor for at least 24 hours to ensure stability Logfiles var log ntpstats clockstats Contains 1PPS entries from the clock var log ntpstats xntpd Logfile for the ntpd daemon var log messages Syslog contains messages concerning jitter and errors How to select the antenna feedline The following table describes many common feedlines and gives their velocity facto
41. 00 see note 1 RG 11A 4016 121 RG 62A U CNS Systems Inc 0 109 solid Cu clad Al with micro cell foam dielectric amp type III A polyethylene jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 405 10096 AI mylar 95 tinned Cu braid 0 142 solid Cu center conductor with micro cell foam dielectric amp type IIA polyethylene jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 5 100 AI mylar 95 tinned Cu 0 176 solid Cu clad center conductor with micro cell foam dielectric amp IIIA polyethylene jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 59 100 AI mylar 95 tinned Cu solid Cu center conductor with micro cell foam dielectric amp type IIIA polyethylene jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 870 100 AI mylar 95 tinned Cu 349 solid Cu center conductor with micro cell foam dielectric amp type polyethylene jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 1 2 100 AI mylar 95 tinned Cu 527 solid Cu center conductor with micro cell foam dielectric amp type IIIA polyethylene jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 1 670 10096 Al mylar 95 tinned Cu 7 strands 26 AWG tinned Cu center conductor with poly dielectric amp type IIA non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 75 Ohm outer diameter 405 98 Cu braid 22 AWG solid Cu clad center conductor with air dielectric amp type IIA non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 93 Ohm outer diameter 242
42. Actions 16 Apr 1998 DRAFT version of document released for review 28 Apr 1998 Included material from the Version 1 2 3 Tac32 software release 10 May 1998 Included material from the Version 1 2 6 Tac32 software release 8 Jun 1998 Revised to match Version 1 2 7 Replaced Az El picture and text which should have been done for 1 2 6 3 Aug 1998 Revised to match Version 1 2 8 Updated the coax cable table Added missing sections for Data menu entries and the new Manual Command dialog box 14 Sep 1998 Corrected 26 minor errors throughout the document syntax spelling punctuation etc Thanks to Paul Croome a user and professional Technical Writer in Germany for the suggestions 9 Dec 1998 Updated to include changes in Version 2 0 0 1 Mar 1999 Updated to include changes in Versions 2 0 1 2 0 3 22 Mar 1999 Updated to include Manual Satellite Select command and Set PC Clock overrides introduced in Version 2 1 0 16 Apr 1999 Updated the Paging Sequencer Module section 29 Apr 1999 Updated Windows NT Set Up Tac32 as a Service Added Remote Control of Log Functions via Telnet TCP IP 1 May 1999 Added additional interface data to the Paging Sequencer module section 15 Jun 1999 Updated to correspond with Version 2 2 0 Added NTP Server instructions IRIG B Module setup and TIC logging instructions 19 Jul 1999 Updated to correspond with Version 2 2 4 Revised screen picture and added text for Averag
43. CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE TITLE AND NON INFRINGEMENT WITH REGARD TO THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND THE PROVISION OF OR FAILURE TO PROVIDE SUPPORT SERVICES THIS LIMITED WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS YOU MAY HAVE OTHERS WHICH VARY FROM STATE JURISDICTION TO STATE JURISDICTION 9 LIMITATION OF LIABILITY TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW IN NO EVENT SHALL CNS SYSTEMS INC OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INCIDENTAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT OR THE PROVISION OF OR FAILURE TO PROVIDE SUPPORT SERVICES EVEN IF CNS SYSTEMS INC HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES IN ANY CASE CNS SYSTEMS INC S ENTIRE LIABILITY UNDER ANY PROVISION OF THIS EULA SHALL BE LIMITED TO THE GREATER OF THE AMOUNT ACTUALLY PAID BY YOU FOR THE SOFTWARE PRODUCT OR TEN UNITED STATES DOLLARS U S 10 00 PROVIDED HOWEVER IF YOU HAVE ENTERED INTO A CNS SYSTEMS INC SUPPORT SERVICES AGREEMENT CNS SYSTEMS INC S ENTIRE LIABILITY REGARDING SUPPORT SERVICES SHALL BE GOVERNED BY THE TERMS OF THAT AGREEMENT BECAUSE SOME STATES AND JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY THE ABOVE LIMITATION
44. CNS Systems Inc 5 CN S S ste ms Inc 363 Hawick Court Y Severna Park MD 21146 140 ae ge T ommunication Navigation and Surveillance 410 987 7835 http www cnssys co CNS Clock Tac32 Tac32Plus and Tac32Multi Installation and Operation High Accuracy Timing and Much More Written by Richard M Hambly Copyright 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc All rights reserved CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Table of Contents Table OF Contents Qus ic d ERA a RR DUO HANE GO RR EXER NECNON ORAE i Revision Histol yss iecore oer oe eese eoe on eva vp ora oe ereto PERS Uo EE CHR Ee en PES Ya eR EVE EE ea SEO on E EVE ER ee ESKS oos v MITTIT 1 FEeat res nao etre eint ere eo nS eren sono enun up nv OU P qun ERU e n5 oes Eu SUN UNP Np up E A 1 Hardware Overview E eisa 2 KETAT E A A A EA AE AEE E E O E EE EEE AEE EA 2 External Interfaces seis ccccdiestescssccocisecesssovesgevcesegeavovsoesedeees Ee EE aE sE eC e Ea eose eSEE aisa 3 Tac32 Software OVerview ssissiissrsisiserstisrsosvessisusasisssssvsssssesibssassevs isee rege e ERE NEN bissa ioa Sa 4 OV OR VICW deer REL ES E E EET 4 METETA E i OEA AAE EEN E AEE E E A OEE 5 Main Screen Details iveene a heen beets ween entes ent a Rene nene an T He 6 BEYE vu 8 Set the ulGlrd qe 9 Set Reference Location icea eoe oi sect sh eo aee soe ve e Te eae eh Poe eese ua ue eb ioo eese To oe ee epi eo oves eu esae blisehese Bos 9 blu
45. E PRODUCT is protected by copyright laws and international copyright treaties as well as other intellectual property laws and treaties The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is licensed not sold 1 GRANT OF LICENSE This EULA grants you the registered computer software user the following rights Applications Software The SOFTWARE PRODUCT may be used only by you You may install and use one copy of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT or any prior version thereof for the same operating system on a single computer In return for our license grant you hereby irrevocably grant to CNS Systems Inc and its affiliates the non exclusive worldwide fully paid right to publicly disclose the fact that you are using the SOFTWARE PRODUCT including but not limited to the reproduction and distribution of the software screen shots and or box shots from your applications for CNS System s advertising and other promotional purposes STORAGE NETWORK USE You may also store or install a copy of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on a storage device such as a network server used only to install or run the SOFTWARE PRODUCT on your other computers over an internal network however you must acquire and dedicate a distinct license for each user using the SOFTWARE PRODUCT from the storage device Any given license for the SOFTWARE PRODUCT may not be shared or used concurrently or otherwise on different computers or by different developers in a given organization 2 DESCRIPTION OF OTHER R
46. IGHTS AND LIMITATIONS Limitations on Reverse Engineering Decompilation and Disassembly You may not modify reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 96 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc SOFTWARE PRODUCT except and only to the extent that such activity is expressly permitted by applicable law notwithstanding this limitation of components The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is licensed as a single product Its component parts may not be separated for use on more than one computer Not for Resale Software If the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is labeled Not for Resale or NFR or Evaluation Copy then notwithstanding other sections of this EULA you may not use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT for commercial purposes nor sell or otherwise transfer it for value Commercial purposes include the use of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT in the creation of publicly distributed computer software Rental You may not rent lease or lend the SOFTWARE PRODUCT to any party Software Transfer You may permanently transfer all of your rights under this EULA provided you a retain no copies b transfer all of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT including all component parts the media and printed materials any upgrades this EULA and if applicable the Certificate of Authenticity and c the recipient agrees to abide by all of the terms of this EULA If the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is an upgrade any transfer must include all prior versions of the SOFTWARE PR
47. K button is pressed Latitude and Longitude Latitude and Longitude may be entered in any of the following formats e Degrees 39 0907200 or 39 0907200d e Degree and Minutes 39 5 44320 or 39d 5 44320m e Degrees Minutes and Seconds 39 5 26 5918 or 39d 5m 26 5918s Altitude Altitude must be entered in meters You may enter Altitude in either Mean Sea Level or WGS84 GPS coordinate systems If you change one Altitude value the other Altitude value will be changed automatically Note The GPS system uses the WGS84 ellipsoid for its altitude measurements Mean Sea Level is estimated based on a conversion model but these models are only approximate Thus if you have a choice rely on the WGS84 GPS altitude for setting the reference Geoid Ellipsoid Differences Two values are shown the first for the location entered in this dialog window the second for the current location These are shown for reference only They provide a view into the linear interpolation algorithm used to extract data from the DMA s 10 degree Geoid data matrix which is used by Tac32 and most GPS Receivers The Reference Location value is always computed by Tac32 s interpolation algorithm The Current Location value is computed within the GPS receiver unless the receiver does not support MSL OK and Cancel Pressing the OK button updates the current reference position data both in the program and in the GPS receiver Be careful setting this location to a posit
48. NS Systems Inc If you need ever need to restart the Windows time Service follow these steps e Select Run from the Start menu or open a Command Prompt e Type net start w32time e Press the enter key or click on OK Disable Automatic Detection of a Serial Mouse If you leave your clock turned on while booting Windows NT Windows 2000 or Windows XP the operating system may think the serial data appearing on this port represents an active mouse and disable the port The following instructions will correct this situation Windows NT When you start Windows NT NTDETECT searches for the pointing device usually a mouse In the course of this process data is sent to the serial COM ports If a serial mouse is detected Windows NT disables the port so a device driver for the mouse can load instead If a device is not detected Windows NT disables the port A disabled COM port does not display any information in Control Panel Ports To disable the detection of devices on COM ports in Windows NT 1 On File Manager View menu click By File Type and then click Show Hidden System Files 2 Find Boot ini in CA or appropriate partition On the File Manager menu select Attributes and clear all file attributes for Boot ini 3 Make a backup copy of the Boot ini file 4 Edit the file using Notepad to add the NoSerialMice option to the end of each entry in the operating systems section of BOOT INI See the example below for more informat
49. NS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Getting Started This chapter contains material derived with permission from works developed by Dr Thomas A Clark in connection with his Totally Accurate Clock design on which the CNS Clock is based Some of Mr Clark s work was done for NASA and some for his own personal use Mr Clark s documentation can be found on the Internet at ftp aleph gsfc nasa gov GPS totally accurate clock as files success tac and oso d270 gif Get things up and running Hardware When you receive the CNS Clock you should find the following hardware items e The CNS Clock itself e A universal laptop brick power supply that runs on 100 120 volts AC or one that runs on 220 240 volts AC A wide range 100 240 volt AC switching supply is available as an option instead of the single voltage power supply e A CD ROM with the Tac32 software and this Manual You will need to provide the following hardware unless also ordered with the CNS Clock e A GPS antenna with 5 volt LNA e A standard PC clone computer running Windows 95 98 or NT V4 0 or 5 0 It should have a 3 5 floppy drive a hard drive with at least SMB space free and one or more available serial ports any port from COMI to COM32 will work including RIST and ASIC board ports e An outdoor mounting for the antenna at a location that can see the sky e Coax cable to run from the antenna to the CNS Clock and appropriate connectors A
50. ODUCT and all of your rights therein if any Support Services CNS Systems Inc may provide you with support services related to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT Support Services The provision and use of Support Services is governed by the CNS Systems Inc policies and programs described in the SOFTWARE PRODUCT user manual and or in online documentation Any supplemental software code provided to you as part of the Support Services shall considered part of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT and subject to the terms and conditions of this EULA With respect to technical information you provide to CNS Systems Inc as part of the Support Services CNS Systems Inc may use such information for its business purpose including for product updates and development CNS Systems Inc will use its best efforts to not utilize such technical information in a form that personally identifies you Termination Without prejudice to any of CNS Systems Inc s other rights CNS Systems Inc may terminate this EULA if you fail to comply with the terms and conditions of this EULA In such event you must destroy all copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT and all of its component 3 UPGRADES If the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is labeled or otherwise identified by CNS Systems Inc as an upgrade you must be properly licensed to use a product identified by CNS Systems Inc as being eligible for the upgrade in order to use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT A SOFTWARE PRODUCT labeled or otherwise identifie
51. R SOFTWARE VER 8 Oscillator drift P pass F fail P SOFTWARE REV 8 Data collection C collecting 0 SOFTWARE DATE 06 Aug 1996 Board temperature degrees C 45 MODEL B3221Z1115 HDWR P N _ SERIAL SSG0188174 MANUFACTUR DATE 6L13 OPTIONS LIST IBC The Garmin message is received once every minute shortly after the top of the minute Notice that the message shows the board temperature This is updated with each new message once per minute The Motorola message is only received once as part of initializing the receiver This happens when Tac32 is started and again every time the OK button is clicked in the serial port settings dialog box This information is derived from a binary message even if the receiver is set to NMEA mode because there is no equivalent NMEA message for the Motorola GPS receiver 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 30 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Below the receiver ID data the feedback from the receiver initialization sequence is displayed Changes to the initialization initiated from the Set Reference Location Set Timing Parameters and GPS Receiver parameters screens are added to the bottom as they occur Data Menu The data menu provides access to the program and GPS receiver configuration commends Navigation Data Format Command Use the Navigation Data Format command to select the format for latitude and longitude displays throughout the Tac32 program Data may be displayed in
52. ac32Multi Only Use the New Tic Data Log command to create a new Time Interval Counter data log file set Use the Open Tic Data Log command to append data to an existing Time Interval Counter data log file set Log files are always opened as a set of three files an averaging log file a time interval log file and a configuration log file The Averaging Log The averaging log collects the statistical data from the HP or Agilent 53131A or 53132A Time Interval Counter TIC or by calculating the statistics internally based on the sawtooth corrected TIC data When using external TIC data Tac32Plus combines the TIC data sets into single lines with time stamp derived from GPS and formats the data elements into a form suitable for direct import into a spread sheet program For example with time stamp format set to Excel and log file format set to comma delimited csv N 100 Data STD DEV 0 056 840 u from MEAN 10 223 769 u TIC MAX t 10 353 8 MIN 10 096 8 u ce 36044 652940 100 0 056840 10 223796 10 3538 10 0968 0g When using internal data to generate the averaging data the log file is generated in the same format The data elements in each line of the Averaging Log are in order e Time Stamp selectable format see Time stamp section e Number of samples established during the manual TIC setup procedure e Standard Deviation of the sample set in microseconds e Mean of the sample set in microseconds
53. acter can be used instead So to remove the registry entries associated with the two instances of Tac32Plus shown above just go to Start Run and enter the commands C Program Files CNS Systems Tac32Plus Tac32Plus exe dinst Rx_A and C Program Files CNS Systems Tac32Plus Tac32Plus exe dinst Rx_B That s all there is to it How to set up a Garmin GPS 25LP The Garmin GPS 25LP requires that its setup parameters include switches to activate the 1PPS and set the PPS pulse length Tac32Plus sets the 1 PPS signal on and the pulse length to 200 milliseconds on initialization program start for clicking OK in the Serial Port Setting window Unfortunately the 1 PPS activation instruction does not actually take effect until the next power cycle or external reset according to the Garmin documentation Thus if you do not get Tac32Plus s heartbeat after starting the GPS 25LP you will have to cycle the power on the GPS receiver and restart Tac32Plus 59 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Remote Control Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only Access the Program using your Network or the Internet Tac32Plus and Tac32Multi have the capability to remotely access the program data and control some program features using a Telnet session over TCP IP This capability may be exercised either manually using any Telnet client or automatically by the use of a custom control program In either case Tac32Plus i
54. aemons ntp P PS PPSkit 2 1 1 tar gz The PPSkit version MUST match the kernel version The patch used in this implementation is located in usr src patches P PSkit 2 1 1 patch 2 4 20 Although the kit version is 2 1 1 the patch version is 2 4 20 which matches the Linux kernel version 2 4 20 The Linux kernel version that comes on the RedHat 9 ISOs is 2 4 20 08 There is not a patch available for this version so kernel sources for the 2 4 20 version need to be downloaded as well before applying the patch These are available at This section was subitted by a CNS Clock user Chris Medaglia medaglia blackcat com and has been edited and included with his permission 69 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 ftp ftp kernel org pub linux kernel v2 4 linux 2 4 20 tar gz Gunzip and untar the sources to the usr src directory then move the usr src linux 2 4 symlink to point to the new directory Patch the kernel sources with the PPSkit Pulse Per Second Kit Change to the usr src linux 2 4 directory and apply the patch with the following command patch pl usr src patches PPSkit 2 1 1 patch 2 4 20 If this does not apply cleanly the patch level does not match the kernel source level The patch is an ASCII file containing diff output from all the files affected To get a listing of the files affected change to the patch directory and run the following command grep Index patch 2 4 20
55. anges are made and restored when Tac32 is restarted Main Screen The main screen displays the time in BIG DIGITS You can select from UTC PC time Greenwich Mean Sidereal time Local Mean Sidereal time or PC clock error displays Smaller windows show details about GPS time Local time Sidereal time GPS Navigation data and GPS satellite status You can enable audible time ticks to assist you in setting your wrist watch You can have the software automatically reset the PC s internal clock All the time display updates and audible ticks happen synchronously with the GPS PPS signal because the PC reads the tick on its DCD line Tac32 allows you enter timing offsets and handles all the arithmetic for you It allows you to make easy corrections for time delays in cables and the instrument It tells you with 1 nsec resolution the actual epoch of the 1PPS tick and it gives you an estimate of the accuracy of the tick Tac32 gives you displays of the satellites that are in use and which satellites are above the horizon This includes a bar graph signal strength meter for each of the GPS satellites currently in view which is updated once per second Tac32 lets you change operating modes timing vs position elevation masks satellite selection criteria etc easily When running in position determination mode it will handle all the position averaging tasks automatically All your configuration selections are saved when changes are ma
56. are normally set to zero 0 and the Antenna Cable Delay Measurement Cable Delay and Internal Receiver Delay controls are set as accurately as possible Tac32 supports T RAIM Time Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor T RAIM detects and if possible isolates faulty satellites so they will not be used in the timing calculations Selecting Kill 1pps on fail causes the 1 PPS timing mark signal to be suspended whenever the T RAIM alarm is active Coax Delay Calculator Tac32 provides a simple means to obtain the cable delay parameters needed in the Timing Setup dialog box You simply choose the length and type of coax The math is done automatically The calculator even allows for two pieces of different types of coax to be strung in series Averaging Parameters For really accurate time keeping the GPS receiver needs to be constrained to a fixed position which should be accurate at the 10 15 meter level The position that is used for this is called the reference position When you begin operation at a new location you will probably not know your position accurately The raw positions reported by the GPS receiver will wander by up to 300 meters horizontally and 450 meters vertically because of weak geometry of the satellites errors in the broadcast ephemerides atmospheric propagation errors and especially because the US Military degrades GPS known as SA Selective Availability To overcome these errors it is desirable to average posi
57. box See the Tac32 Software Commands chapter for details After you enter an offset and return to the main screen the display will look a bit different The millisecond digits in the UTC display now show the nearest msec for the offset you entered The screen update and the audible ticks are triggered by the 1PPS signal If you entered a 500 msec offset then the screen update and the ticks occur half way through the second 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 16 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Getting Help CNS Clock and Tac32 software information are available over the Internet at http www cnssys com Electronic mail can be sent to info cnssys com CNS Systems can also be reached by more traditional methods at CNS Systems Inc 363 Hawick Court Severna Park Maryland 21146 1409 U S A Phone 1 410 987 7835 Fax 1 410 987 7836 Installation Notes The Antenna and Its Installation Any antenna with an internal amplifier capable of being powered from 5 volts supplied through the coax cable should work with the CNS Clock For best performance you should mount the antenna on a pole clear of all obstructions The antenna will work better if it is placed on a metal ground plane that should be at least one wavelength 20 cm in size and preferably larger You can purchase these ground planes and choke rings better but expensive from most GPS antenna manufacturers CNS Systems can also provide any type of antenna
58. ceiver using the Set Edit GPS Receiver Interface command The UT internal Auto Survey mode will average a total of 10 000 2D and 3D position fixes to achieve a horizontal position accuracy of 10m 95 If the averaging process is interrupted the averaging resumes where it left off Once 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 48 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc the position is surveyed the UT will automatically enter the position hold mode Manual Satellite Select Use this command to manually change the satellites tracked and or to disable specific receiver channels For details see the Satellite Select dialog box WARNING This dialog box is for expert users only It is not needed for normal use of the Hene aa a program and is provided to allow special custom Channel receiver configurations to be established While Number Disable Satellite some help is provided use of these capability generally requires that the user refer to the receiver s technical reference manual It is possible to render the GPS receiver inoperative by issuing improper commands TTT ay ea This dialog box is used to manually change the satellites tracked and or to disable specific receiver channels While the selections in this dialog box are saved between sessions the GPS receiver is always initialized into one of the automatic modes on program startup never to manual mode Similarly if power is interrupted to the GPS receiver it will rever
59. ch computer needing to synchronize to the one running Tac32 will need a suitable NTP client program such as Dimension4 available from Thinking Man Software Issaquah WA or from the Internet at http www thinkman com thinkman Menu selections are Disable Disable the internal NTP server SNTP Server RFC 1769 Activate the internal Simple Network Time Protocol SNTP time server module This is the preferred choice Operates in unicast mode only This protocol has sufficient data in the request and response packets to allow the client program to correct for network transit time delays UDP IP Server RFC 868 Activate the internal UDP IP time server This very simple protocol simply sends the time to the client on request It cannot correct for network transit delays Display Menu The Display menu selections provide control over the clock source for the main clock display UTC Show Coordinated Universal Time PC Show the local computer s time GMST Show Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time GMST is time based upon the rotation of the earth relative to the vernal equinox with Greenwich meridian as the reference It is adjusted for nutation to eliminate slight irregularities in the rate 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 50 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc LMST Show Local Mean Sidereal Time LMST is time based upon the rotation of the earth relative to the vernal equinox with the local time zone as the reference It
60. chronized to UTC the Epoch Offset and Intentional Early Offset controls are normally set to zero 0 and the Antenna Cable Delay Measurement Cable Delay and Internal Receiver Delay controls are set as accurately as possible NOTE Not all GPS receivers are capable of responding to these fine tuning adjustments even if they are equipped with the Ipps timing mark option At this time the only series of receivers capable of responding are Motorola 6 Pack and Oncores For other receivers you will find that the OK button has been disabled This allows you to play with the elements in this dialog box and to access the Coax Calculator but the results will not be applied to the GPS receiver RAIM Limit This control sets the Time RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitor alarm limit RAIM detects and if possible isolates faulty satellites so they will not be used in the timing calculations The probability of detection and isolation is 99 99 percent one missed detection every 10 000 failures The probability of a false alarm is 0 0002 percent once every 5 7 days unless the alarm is set below 300 nanoseconds Given that lock is maintained on eight satellites the alarm limit can be set as low as 300 nanoseconds without compromising performance The default is 500 nanoseconds Time Alarm SVs needed SVs needed ns to detect to isolate T 2 1000 2 3 1000 gt T gt 700 3 3 700 T gt 500 4 4 500 T gt 300 4 8 300 T
61. cked Menu Bar The next section is the Menu Bar from which you may control log files printing view port modes and other special features See the Menu section in the Table of Contents for details Tool Bar The third section is the Toolbar This bar contains icons that give quick access to certain common menu features The Tool Bar is dockable so it can be moved from this default location or floated on top of the main view Data The main section of the screen is devoted to the view ports They provide a backdrop showing data activity Clock Display This view port displays the current time in the format determined by the Display menu selection Choices include e UTC Show Coordinated Universal Time e PC Show the local computer s time e GMST Show Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time e LMST Show Local Mean Sidereal Time e PC U Shows the error between the PC s clock and UTC after removing the effects of the time zone offset e TIC View Time Interval Counter data with corrections applied 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 6 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc e TIC Raw View Time Interval Counter data without corrections Normally the display will show BLACK characters If the GPS receiver is not tracking enough satellites for the selected mode or if there is a 1PPS signal without corresponding time messages this display will show RED characters Otherwise when there are normal messages and good tracking but no 1PPS signal this dis
62. contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 405 2 layers 98 tinned Cu braid RG 393 U 7 strands 0312 Ag plated Cu center conductor with Teflon FEP IX jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 390 2 layers 98 Ag Cu braid RG 223 U solid 035 Ag Cu center conductor with 0 66 poly dielectric amp type non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohms outer diameter 216 2 layers 98 Ag Cu braid RG 217 U 0 106 solid center conductor with poly dielectric amp type non contaminating jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 545 98 Cu braid RG 59B U 022 Cu clad center conductor with poly 0 659 dielectric amp type non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 75 ohm outer diameter 242 98 Cu braid RG 59 CATV 22 AWG solid Cu clad center conductor with foam dielectric amp type I jacket Nominal impedance 75 ohm outer diameter 242 100 foil plus 50 Al braid LMR 240 059 center conductor with micro cell see note 1 foam dielectric amp type IILA non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohms velocity of propagation 82 outer diameter 240 100 Al mylar amp 95 tinned Cu braid Same attenuation as RG 213 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 76 CNS Clock and Tac32 Type Comments Velocity Loss Factor 1 5GHz LMR 400 see note 1 LMR 500 see note 1 LMR 600 see note 1 LMR 900 see note 1 LMR 1200 see note 1 LMR 17
63. d Julian day number MJD is defined as MJD JD 2 400 000 5 This has two purposes i Days begin at midnight rather than noon i1 For dates in the period from 1859 to about 2130 only five digits need to be used to specify the date rather than seven MJD 0 thus corresponds to JD 2 400 000 5 which is twelve hours after noon on JD 2 400 000 16 Nov 1858 Thus MJD 0 designates the midnight of November 16th 17th 1858 so day 0 in the system of Modified Julian Day numbers is the day 17 Nov 1858 95 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Software License Agreement SINGLE END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR Tac32 Tac32Multi Tac32Plus and SynTac SOFTWARE IMPORTANT READ CAREFULLY This End User License Agreement EULA is a legal AGREEMENT between you either as a registered individual user or as the registered user representative and on behalf of a single entity and CNS Systems Inc for the software product or products identified above which product includes computer software and may include associated media printed materials and online or electronic documentation SOFTWARE PRODUCT By installing copying or otherwise using the SOFTWARE PRODUCT you agree to be bound by the terms of this EULA If you do not agree to the terms of this EULA then DO NOT install or use the SOFTWARE PRODUCT you may however return it to your place of purchase for a full refund SOFTWARE PRODUCT LICENSE The SOFTWAR
64. d at the Reference Position so it is very important that you have set this position accurately The Time accuracy model assumes a near perfect Reference Position Position Averaging Error Terms The data in this box is directly related to the data in the GPS Navigation Data box on the main display The GPS Navigation Data box shows the fixed Reference position an average position and the most recent instantaneous position all defined in the right handed NEU North East Up positive WGS84 coordinate system 41 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 The differences Ref Avg Avg Cur and Ref Cur and their RMS values are shown in the Position Averaging box of the Averaging Parameters dialog box The values are given in meters When running in the Zero D timing mode the GPS receiver is not determining any positions so there is no activity in the Position Progress window Both the average positions and their RMS deviations are smoothed by a filter that works like AVERAGE Filter Length 1 oldvalue newvalue Filter Length Initially the filter counter is set 1 and then it is incremented by 1 per second The average thus computed is the running average When the filter counter reaches the defined filter length limit value the incrementing is stopped When the filter length reaches the limit value the averages are then exponentially weighted with a time constant related to the clamp val
65. d by CNS Systems Inc as an upgrade replaces and or supplements the product that formed the basis for your eligibility for such upgrade You may use the resulting upgraded product 97 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 only in accordance with the terms of this EULA If the SOFTWARE PRODUCT is an upgrade of a component of a package of software programs that you licensed as a single product the SOFTWARE PRODUCT may be used and transferred only as part of that single product package and may not be separated for use on more than one computer 4 COPYRIGHT AND TRADEMARKS All title trademarks and copyrights in and pertaining to the SOFTWARE PRODUCT including but not limited to any images photographs animation video audio Music text and applets incorporated into the SOFTWARE PRODUCT the accompanying printed materials and any copies of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT are owned by CNS Systems Inc or its affiliated companies The SOFTWARE PRODUCT is protected by copyright and trademark laws and international treaty provisions You must treat the SOFTWARE PRODUCT like any other copyrighted for archival purposes and you may not copy the printed materials accompanying the SOFTWARE PRODUCT You may not remove modify or alter any CNS Systems Inc copyright or trademark notice from any part of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT including but not limited to any such notices contained in the physical and or electronic media
66. de and restored when Tac32 is restarted Tac32 runs on Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT 4 0 Windows 2000 Windows XP and Windows 2003 server Tac32 takes about 5 Mb RAM to run and should not be swapped out of memory because of the real time nature of its operation 5 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Main Screen Details The Tac32 main screen is divided into five sections from top to bottom Bal Tac32Plus L x File Edit view Data Display Help Oli el elsalti xz Satellites 23 12 00 000 4 54T 232 UTC Time from GPS PC Time 2 621471 UTC Day 008 23 12 00 000 18 12 00 010 9 201 296 Monday 08 January 2001 Eastern Standard Time 20 sel 73 GPS Week 1096 1 UTC GPS 13 seconds Latency 1 24 18T 228 Grid Square 1 4l 52 Sidereal Time FM19qc 71 Local Mean Sidereal Time 01 19 51 09 Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time 06 26 16 09 dese Modified Julian Day 51917 96567 GPS Navigation Data Latitude Longitude AM GPS Alt MSL Cur 39 5252250 76 3614 9390 18 78m 52 89m Psion Hold Avg 39 5252250 76 36 14 9380 18 78m 52 89m Ref 39 525 2257 76 36 14 8380 18 79m 52 90m For Help press F1 EE Ant Open Motorola M12 Bin 12 ch Y1 0x9 has T RAIM Title Bar The title bar is located along the top of a window It contains the name of the application the program and provides various features to move resize and close the main window 7 Visible 5 Tra
67. e Maximum value in the sample set in microseconds e Minimum value in the sample set in microseconds Notice that the log has a single time stamp while the data from the Time Interval Counter TIC arrives in a set of discrete lines over a short period of time Fortunately the TIC always bundles the averaging lines together and delivers them at 9600 bps The time stamp represents the most recent time received from the GPS receiver synchronized by the 1PPS signal when the log entry is written The time stamp therefore has a precision of about 100 89 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 msec and accuracy of 0 0 1 0 seconds relative to UTC mean 0 5 seconds Note Data values that are very small or very large may be represented in exponential format The Time Interval Log The time log collects the time interval data from the HP or Agilent 53131A or 53132A Time Interval Counter TIC and combines it with the most recent time sawtooth and estimated accuracy data from the GPS receiver This data is written to the log in single lines in a form suitable for direct import into a spreadsheet program For example with time stamp format set to Excel and log file format set to comma delimited csv 0493 07 0446 03 0390 00 00 34 0 000 21 00 34 0 000 21 00 34 0 000 21 0423 2 0416 2 0390 2 933 13 0 934 13 0 936 13 0 00 00 00 21 049 3 us
68. e Position At this point your reference position is probably accurate at the 25 meter level To do the best possible timing we would like to improve it to the 5 meter or better level To do this we want to average the position for a much longer time at least 6 hours preferably one day To see the averaging process at work and adjust the averaging parameters choose Averaging Parameters from the Data menu The position RMS and Timing filters should all be set to 86400 seconds one day If not set them to 86400 If your receiver supports DOP weighting select it Motorola GT and UT series receivers do not At this point it is probably best to de select the Restart Averages on Unlock check box If you are using a sequential receiver such as the Garmin GPS 20 and GPS 30 you should always leave this box unchecked as they will appear to lose lock regularly Don t be concerned it is normal Now let the receiver soak while determining average positions for a day or so Then reset your reference position again by selecting Set Reference Location From Average from the Data menu 15 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc Using the CNS Clock for Timing ONSALA H Maser vs TAC GPS 1995 Day 269 270 amp 271 During the preceding steps the CNS Clock s 1PPS signal was noisy and inaccurate at the 200 nsec level Now that we have determined a good position we can set up for high accuracy timin
69. e box Close on Exit Now you are done 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 68 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc The same technique can be used to put a NetTime icon on your desktop Start by clicking on any empty area of your desktop with the RIGHT mouse button and selecting New then Shortcut from the menus Don t forget to change the Close on Exit property Setup NTP under Red Hat Linux 9 for use with the CNS Clock This section details the work required to integrate the CNS Clock in the RedHat Linux 9 kernel as a reference clock for the NTP protocol Description The following high level steps are required to integrate the CNS Clock e Connect the CNS clock to the serial port e Download the correct version of kernel sources and PPSkit e Patch the kernel sources with the PPSkit Pulse Per Second Kit e Compile and install the new kernel e Compile and install NTP from ntp org e Configure NTP to use the Oncore driver The following sections will detail the above steps and assume that all downloaded files are loaded in usr src patches Connect the CNS clock to the serial port The CNS clock has two serial interfaces and two BNC interfaces each producing a one Pulse Per Second 1PPS signal On the serial interface the DCD pin carries the signal A standard 9 pin to 9 pin serial cable can be used Download the correct version of kernel sources and PPSkit The PPSkit can be downloaded from ftp ftp kernel org pub inux d
70. e if you do not want your computer s clock affected Set One Time Select Set One Time to update the computer s clock once This has the CNS Clock and Tac32 Set PC Clock x Periodic Disable One Time C Every Second C Every Minute Every Hour C Every Day Time of last sync UTC Day 8007 21 14 51 000 Monday 07 January 2002 GPS Week 1148 Clock Resets 4 NTP Hits IV When PC clock error exceeds 50 msec Maximum Correction M Activate 3 4 Hout gt Special Purpose Modes Override TRAIM no 1PPS Override integrity check too few satellites Limits Cancel advantage of minimizing the short term jitter in the computer s clock at the cost of some long term drift Every Second Setting the clock every second has the advantage of minimizing the long term drift in the computer s clock at the cost of some short term jitter Every Minute Setting the clock every minute is probably a better choice than every second because the computer s clock is usually very good over short time spans This will significantly reduce short term jitter while maintaining control over long term drift This occurs at the top of each minute xx yy 00 hours Every Hour Setting the clock every hour is also a better choice than every second for modern computers with good internal clocks This will further reduce short term jitter while maintaining control over long term drift This occur
71. eissaa eei ira iiei 92 What is Greenwich Mean Time GMT sssssosesesssssosooeoeessosooooeoesesosooooeeseesosoocosessssosooeosesee 92 What is Coordinated Universal Time UTC ssesesssssosooooeesessosoocoeessssosooeoeessososooeosesssoososesse 92 What is the definition of a second s seosoososseseossosssesocssesoossessosseseossosssesoosoesoosseseossosssssosses 93 Whatis Sid rcal Time i cccccscscccccscctseccosscseossseceteessecestesestessososcsesanbseatoonnse codnodcovsesesseadooseons eee 93 Sidereal xi oacoer tete S E S ree tere et C E ER beeen E 93 Sideieal Day uie o tom een E reete ente ein prete esti esi ereced 94 Sidereal Hour Arigle iniit EE Erica UR GI Oe He PEERS 94 Sidere al Month ocn ssh io sass Go nck tase GO IM ae 94 Sidereal Periode s easi ane ata OB ORG I E 94 SiderealzLirie 5 estetica ie Nationes een ee set e ees i EES 94 Sidereal AAT EEE ctumon teta teen tetea mad oM i M LUN T 94 What is Juliau Time erre ee tree stet eoo eo erneut eva gue evt ee onov en Ve ep aa eene eunte eeu PU ser nere nee eu eun vn 95 Juiliaty Daya es esos hess codec en especies testes sotees secgeeks E ais Sores Me E E tea oe 95 Modified Julian D y nue ER QUE Em I 95 Software License Agreement reser esset eee eese eene tone en etn ete etae ee pose pose so Pesos een etos toa Poe eaae 96 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc iv CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Revision History Significant
72. ents 16 Dec 03 Added information about setting up NTP for Red Hat Linux Updated Disable Automatic Detection of a Serial Mouse section 05 Apr 06 Updated to include changes in Version 2 7 3 This document contains material derived with permission from works developed by Dr Thomas A Clark in connection with his Totally Accurate Clock design on which the CNS Clock is based Some of Dr Clark s work was done for NASA and some for his own personal use Dr Clark s documentation can be found on the Internet at ftp aleph gsfc nasa gov GPS totally accurate clock as files success tac and oso d270 gif 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc vi CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Introduction The CNS Clock provides a host of useful features Features 1 pulse per second 1PPS signal interfaces Two external low impedance fast rise time 1PPS signals for laboratory applications Two external RS232 level 1PPS signals for computer applications Specialized internal 1PPS interfaces for an add on PCB that will stabilize a low cost crystal oscillator to an accuracy 1 part per billion under development A high efficiency switching power supply that operates from any 9 30 volt DC source Provision for an Uninterruptible Power Supply UPS to buffer the GPS receiver through brief power outages optional Battery Backup so the GPS receiver can wake up smart Provides 5 volt dc power for an amplified
73. er fields are optional but empty fields must be set off by commas to denote the field placement within the string However trailing commas are not required The filename is optional If absent a name will be constructed as is done for automatic log restart All of the remaining parameters are optional and may appear in any order Missing options will use the same value as was used the last time the log was opened or standard default values if the log had never been opened If any of these parameters appear and the filename is not specified the filename field must be set off by a pair of commas For example PCNSL TICLOG NEW COMMA EXCEL REPLACE The REPLACE field is optional If present any file by the same name as the new log file will be deleted It has no effect with the OPEN command TIx is the optional command to force the Time interval log to be enabled or disabled The x is the Time Interval Log period and must be 0 disable the logging of TI data blank enable TI logging leave logging period unchanged 1 2 3 4 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 enable TI logging set period in seconds M enable TI logging set TI logging period to once per minute or H enable TI logging set TI logging period to once per hour The optional command ALTIC forces the averaging log to use internally generated data preferred because it is sawtooth corrected while ALINT forces the use of external counter data The x is the
74. ere message is any text message These messages are to provide advisory information in the log such as the time the log was opened and closed This message is structured for readability not for computer processing Computer Clock Correction Applied Message PCNST yyyymmdd hhmmss ss cccc CR LF where yyyymmdd UTC Date of PC Clock correction yyyy year 0000 9999 mm month 01 12 dd day 01 31 hhmmss ss UTC Time of PC Clock correction hh hour 00 24 mm minute 00 59 SS SS seconds 00 00 59 99 cecce correction applied 32768 32767 Note may be more or less that 4 characters may have leading zeros Sample data SPCNSM Opened Tac32Plus Log at Fri Nov 06 19 35 33 1998 SPCNSA 19981106 193533 00 3905 4167 N 07636 2523 W 000 3 203 1 08 2 SPCNST 19981106 193533 999 253 PCNSA 19981106 193533 00 3905 4166 N 07636 2523 W 000 3 203 1 08 2 RINEX Data Log The RINEX Data Log will save RINEX format data for use with a post processing program to generate high precision survey data NOTE this feature is not yet available as the Oncore binary to RINEX converter module is not developed At this time this log creates a binary log containing the raw data needed to generate RINEX messages This log type is enabled only when the GPS receiver is in binary mode 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 88 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Time Interval Log Formats Tac32Plus T
75. eset seeks e a ESEE 17 Tac32 Software Commands iis ncs senssserteseeevux eee kh eeise ee p nga p yk h b rk Ree ERE REPRE A e Kee 19 File Ii PT 19 i 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 New GPS Data Log File commiand onde psa ee RE Sees dae deat 19 Open GPS Data Log File command ende eite Here enne eae awe egent 19 Log Type Dialog BOX 55e eget eee ette et ge i testes less ere e Hp A EE eee go 20 New Log Filedialog BOx c er He ett ette eee E err ir reete o se eei e Trete R E ATA 21 Open Los File dialog Box ecrit tet e reete putre ed eee ciere tub iee teva ees e pee pt 21 Close GPS Data Log command 3 e hte eed b e epe n Rb eerta 22 New and Open TIC Data Log commands Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only eese 22 Exit command tento emere ten cd e Lo e tt ere ORE 24 Edit MENU eee s 24 Copy Commands T EE E 24 Set GPS Receiver Interface command sees eene nennen nnne 25 Serial Port Settings dialog box tese re RI e RE qe eee EEE EEEE A ete De toit 25 ba dio M 26 Toolbar commarid 5 Irt E EE E E eee aca apcee uses ERTER E EER A E E 26 LOOM AR ee ae E 26 Status Bar coimmand 2 2 street E E EREE eer E aE i 27 Status Bar sienne eGR EE R E a br PE easel i 27 View Satellite AZ El Chart iere nente ede tene tere eee e i iR 28
76. for all data messages or to stop sending messages Use the following messages PCNSL TICDATA TIME ONCE PCNSL TICDATA TIME ALWAYS PCNSL TICDATA TIME OFF Response A typical response would be one or more messages like PCNSL TICDATA TIME 37508 948866 22 5640 09 00 38 0 000 22 5550 0 687 13 0 00 The data following the PCNSL TICDATA TIME header is exactly the same as in the TIC Time Interval Log The period between the time messages when ALWAYS is selected is the log every period last used when opening the TIC Time Interval Log TIC Averaging Data The Time Interval Counter TIC Averaging data as stored in the TIC Averaging Log can be requested over the remote Telnet connection The request can be for the next data message for all data messages or to stop sending messages Use the following messages PCNSL TICDATA AVERAGE ONCE PCNSL TICDATA AVERAGE ALWAYS PCNSL TICDATA AVERAGE OFF Response A typical response would be one or more messages like PCNSL TICDATA AVERAGE 1999316 046297 62 0 01636959518025 47 13629193548 47 1853 47 0848 PCNSL TICDATA AVERAGE 1999316 047454 79 0 02018475987482 47 115770506329 47 1688 47 0448 PCNSL TICDATA AVERAGE 1999316 048612 100 0 014450725715779 47 149455 47 1683 47 1218 The data following the PCNSL TICDATA A VERAGE header is exactly the same as in the TIC Averaging Log The period between the time messages when ALWAYS is selected is the averaging period last used when
77. g To see how dramatic the change will be look at the graphical in the figure on the right We are now at the middle of day 270 and we will now set up the clock for high accuracy timing Note This graph was made before Selective Availability was turned off The results are much better now both before and after setting up for high accuracy timing Choose Set GPS Receiver Parameters from the Data menu Click on the Precision Timing button and then on the OK button At this point the lower left quadrant of the main screen will show that the receiver is no longer navigating The current position will be set to the same value as the Reference position The CNS Clock has been set up to run in zero D timing only mode and is no longer determining positions Select Averaging Parameters from the Data menu and observe the Timing Accuracy Estimate box Here you will see an estimate of the current one sigma timing accuracy Timing Offsets It may be that you want the CNS Clock 1PPS signal to be offset from the UTC second You can move the pulse in 1 nsec steps anywhere in the second You might want to do this to make certain that the GPS pulse follows the pulse from your station s atomic standard To set in an offset select Set Timing Parameters from the data menu and use the controls in the Epoch Offset box coarse fine and reset controls and the Intentional Extra Early Offset control in the Instrumentation Offset
78. gt 250 8 8 Note The lowest setting that can be applied is 300 nsec due to a limitation in the Oncore s command set Kill 1pps on fail Selecting this option causes the 1 PPS timing mark signal to be suspended whenever the T RAIM alarm is active Note It has been reported that T RAIM is not implemented on Oncore receivers before version 8 0 and the Kill 1 PPS on Fail may not have been implemented until version 6 8 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 36 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Epoch Offset Sets GPS 1PPS Pulses LATE Two controls are provided that cause the 1pps time mark to be offset late in time Epoch Coarse This control adjusts the 1pps time mark between 0 and 999 milliseconds late in one millisecond increments It effects the internal measurement epoch of the GPS receiver and its effects are shown on the main clock display Offset Fine This control fine tunes the late offset by adding between 0 000 and 999 999 microseconds of additional delay to that provided by the Epoch control Using these controls together you may set the total offset in one nanosecond increments from 0 to 0 999999999 seconds Reset This button cases both late offset controls to return to their default values zero Instrumentation Offset Sets GPS 1PPS Pulses EARLY Four controls are provided that cause the 1 pps time mark to be offset early in time Antenna Cable Delay This control allows the user to offset the 1p
79. he clipboard and serial port control command Copy command Use this command to copy selected data onto the clipboard This command is unavailable if there is no data currently selected 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 24 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Copying data to the clipboard replaces the contents previously stored there Serial Port Settings L2 x Set GPS Receiver Interface command ee 1 bit Mot NMEA z C 2bits Parity None Odd Even Space Mark Data Rate 300 bps 1200 bps Use this command to set up the serial port that connects to the GPS receiver and to choose the GPS receiver type None Xon xoft RTS CTS DTR DSR Serial Port Settings dialog box COM Port Choose the serial communications COM port that is attached to the GPS receiver The drop down list of ports is dynamically generated each time Tac32 starts and should accurately reflect the available COM ports on your computer This includes both normal and high performance ports such as those that are part of RISC and ASIC processor boards Ports are listed here even if they are in use by another program If you choose a port that is already in use an error message will appear Receiver Type and Mode Choose the Receiver type and mode from this drop down list If you are not sure choose Search Note that some receivers may have more than one entry such as the Motorola Oncore
80. he number of times the PC Clock has been reset Set Reference Location The reference location is the phase center of your stationary GPS antenna The more accurately you set the station reference location the more accurate your timing results will be The location can be set three ways Copy a snapshot of the Average Location to the Reference Location The average location is Tac32 s version of a self survey Copy the Current Location to the Reference Location If you have no other location available use this one Manual If you have a better estimate of the reference location than the other choices above you may enter the data manually Two Altitude calculators are provided for ease in matching the Altitude values They use a linear interpolation of the 10 degree Geoid data map published by the US Defense Mapping Agency Timing Setup Tac32 provides the means for adjusting the 1pps time mark offset There are two reasons for doing this First the delays in signal propagation through the 9 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 coax cables and hardware gates must be accounted for so that the leading edge of the 1pps time mark arrives at its termination at exactly the correct instant Second large offsets in the pps time mark are useful in the precise measurement of event time duration or delay For high accuracy timing synchronized to UTC the Epoch Offset and Intentional Early Offset controls
81. i soie toe E re o abra dete vetita diste e n UE 51 TIG AG cual A estote ote abo o arre ivesbelktdee en T 51 Help M nis iieri trace torre itor eiie teil eost oe idee e ioccessesssaucessececsctsascensieecee 51 Help Topics Comma nd ni Rte ttem rie erit e Acie oia a d eta 51 About Command ore oh e e aee e ER ERREUR Recs ie Que E RYE EE EE E EE 51 OMe RC OMIM ANS M 51 Context Help command eh t aee Creer dean aad eee de ra v i OO e eae 51 Speci l Setup Instructtols oos ety RS eiaeiiai is 53 Wind OWS Clock SCttinnS ississsiccisessccsssassasnsesssesssancs vesseddessdencsscasesesnssvenedivetcsddaceseeessvesesssecsseasesss 53 Windows NT istos enin pente ad a a red e n dca e a d n Ata ED RU 53 Windows 2000 and Windows XP eeseesseseeeeseeeeeee nennen enne n e entere ennt entente entente enne 54 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc ii CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Windows XB citt bask cathe dered becouse te Raa te bate estate qe EFL ER ee teas qe RDU ash beens 54 Disable Automatic Detection of a Serial Mouse e eee eee eese esee ee eee eene ente n eta sts sn nano 55 Mandows INT ossi ti rer REN RRE QC A PA EPOR EREEQ KEY Ee FEAR UAM EES 55 Windows 2000 and Windows XP ccccesssesssesseeseceseceseceaecoeecaeecaeeenecceeseeseeeseseseceaeenaecaaecaeecaeeeneeeneees 56 Windows NT 2000 XP Set Up Tac32Plus or Tac32Multi as a Service 56 Start Multiple Independent Instances
82. ialog box You simply choose the 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 38 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc length and type of coax The math is done automatically Length Velocity Factor Delay nsec The calculator even allows for Feet a fasts zi amp 5 two pieces of different types 5 re peas x Wm of coax to be strung in series 8 Total Delay 1375 nanoseconds The figure above shows a Cancel typical calculation for the antenna cable Coax Delay Calculator x Length Enter the length of each run of coax and select the units If you only have a single run of coax set the length of the second coax to zero 0 Velocity Factor You have two choices here either enter the velocity factor for your coax directly or choose a value from the drop down list The list includes both generic and specific coax types The list is sorted alphabetically so the generic types are at the top Delay Every time you leave a field the Delay is recalculated This shows the delay for each run of coax independently Total Delay Every time you leave a field the Total Delay is recalculated This shows the combined delay for each both runs of coax OK Once you are satisfied with your selections choose OK This causes the Total Delay result to be transferred to the appropriate field in the Timing Setup dialog box Note Your selections will be saved and will be available again even if you shut down and restart The saved se
83. ight ascension Sidereal Time Time based upon the rotation of the earth relative to the vernal equinox Sidereal time may be designated as local or Greenwich as the local or Greenwich meridian is used as the reference When adjusted for nutation to eliminate slight irregularities in the rate it is called mean sidereal time Sidereal Year The period of one apparent revolution of the earth around the sun with respect to the stars averaging 365 days 6 hours 9 minutes 9 55 seconds in 1955 and increasing at the rate of 0 000095 second annually Because of the precession of the equinoxes this is about 20 minutes longer than a tropical year 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 94 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc What is Julian Time Julian Day The number of each day as reckoned consecutively since the beginning of the present Julian period on 1 Jan 4713 BC The Julian day is used primarily by astronomers to avoid confusion due to the use of different calendars at different times and places The Julian day begins at noon 12 hours later than the corresponding civil day so that the nighttime falls conveniently within one day The day beginning at noon 1 Jan 1965 is Julian day 2 438 395 Modified Julian Day This was not to the liking of all scholars using the Julian day number system in particular historians so in 1975 the convention of the modified Julian day number was adopted Given a Julian day number JD the modifie
84. iles and allow data synchronization between different stations Time stamps combine the date and time into a single number The format for a log is chosen when creating a new log file set This choice remains in effect until a new selection is made when creating or opening a log file set The time stamp format cannot be changed on the fly The time stamp formats available are e Calendar format YYYYDDD FFFFFF where YYYY year DDD day of the year 1 366 and FFFFFF fraction of the day Isb 0 0864 seconds e Modified Julian Day format MMMMM FFFFFF where MMMMM Julian day see What is Julian Time and FFFFFF fraction of the day Isb 0 0864 seconds 23 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 e Excel time format XXXXX FFFFFF where the date is implemented as a floating point value measuring days from midnight 30 December 1899 So midnight 31 December 1899 is represented by 1 0 Similarly 6 AM 1 Jan 1900 is represented by 2 25 This format handles dates from 1 Jan 0100 to 31 Dec 9999 In these logs the fractional part of the day FFFFFFP is truncated to 6 digits giving a resolution of 0 0864 seconds Time Interval Log settings Enable or disable recording of time interval data to the time interval log file If enabled select the recording period To record all data select Log every second the default For other recording periods data elements will be recorded at the selec
85. imitation may not apply to you To the extent implied warranties may not be entirely disclaimed but implied warranty limitations are allowed by applicable law implied warranties on the SOFTWARE PRODUCT if any are limited to ninety 90 days CUSTOMER REMEDIES CNS Systems Inc s and its suppliers entire liability and your exclusive remedy shall be at CNS Systems Inc s option either a return of the price paid by you for the SOFTWARE PRODUCT not to exceed the suggested retail price if any or b repair or replacement of the component s of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT that do es not meet CNS Systems Inc s Limited Warranty and which is returned to CNS Systems Inc with a copy of your purchase receipt This Limited Warranty is void if failure of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT has resulted from accident abuse or misapplication Any replacement SOFTWARE PRODUCT will be warranted for the remainder of the original warranty period or thirty 30 days whichever is longer Outside of the United States neither of these remedies nor any product support services offered by CNS Systems Inc are available without proof of purchase from an CNS Systems Inc authorized international source NO OTHER WARRANTIES TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW CNS SYSTEMS INC AND ITS SUPPLIERS DISCLAIM ALL OTHER WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY 99 1998 2006
86. implement the user selectable changes choose Cancel No changes will be made and the parameters will revert to their previous values Manual GPS Receiver Commands Use this command to send user defined commands to the GPS receiver WARNING This dialog box is for expert users only It is not needed for normal use of the program and is provided to allow special custom receiver configurations to be established While some help is provided use of these commands generally requires that the user MAE Close Command 8 Channel Position Status D ata Output Message VP UT GT ses refer to the receiver s fec h n i ca l re fi erence es Command Prefix Parameters HEX if binary mode Checksum J Es oo 24 manual Some message format Manual Commands WARNING Improper use of this capability could render the system inoperable 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 46 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc sanity checking is performed on the message composition but this is minimal to allow the user maximum flexibility It is possible to render the GPS receiver inoperative by issuing improper commands Command Use the drop down arrow at the right edge of this control to see a list of the standard commands for the GPS receiver The command list is mode sensitive so it will show a different list depending on the receiver mode selected see Receiver Type and Mode in the Serial Port Settings dialog box Select a command from the l
87. ing Parameters dialog screen 26 Nov 1999 Updated to show new features from Version 2 4 0 9 Feb 2000 Updated software installation information Updated coax cable recommendations in Installation Notes 13 Mar 2000 Updated the data on the LMR series coaxial cable 11 Apr 2000 Updated to include Version 2 4 2 enhancements especially the new Sawtooth correction switches in the Timing Setup screen v 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 2 May 2000 Updated for Version 2 4 2 1 Updated TIC Log New Open dialog box and TIC Log remote control descriptions Updated TIC Configuration File contents description 77 Jan 2001 Updated to correspond with Version 2 5 12 Feb 2001 Updated to correspond with Version 2 5 1 26 Mar 2001 Updated IRIG module documentation 8 Jun 2001 Added a serial cable specification to the Getting Started Hardware section 17 Jun 2001 Added MJD to the Display menu item list 24 Sep 2001 Corrected the Time Interval Log contents by adding PC U column This new column was added in Tac32Plus Version 2 5 1 in Feb 2001 7 Jan 2002 Updated the Set PC Clock dialog instructions 2 Apr 2002 Updated Disable Detection of Serial Mouse section 28 Aug 02 Update to reflect software Version 2 7 0 Add Windows XP setup information Remove references to Tac32H Add setup information for setup of multiple instances Clean up documentation of TIC Log cont
88. ion Note that NoSerialMice is not case sensitive The appropriate settings are e NoSerialMice Disables the detection of serial mice on all COM ports e NoSerialMice COM x Disables the detection of serial mice on COMXx where x is the number of the port e NoSerialMice COMx y z Disables the detection of serial mice on COM x COMy and COMz 5 Save and quit Notepad 6 Return the attribute permissions cleared in Step 3 7 Restart the computer 55 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 The following is a sample of the modified BOOT INI file Note the lines may wrap in this help file but they are long individual lines in BOOT INI The NoSerialMice switch goes on the end of each line boot loader timeout 3 default multi 0 disk 0 rdisk 0 partition 1 WINNT35 operating systems multi 0 disk 0 rdisk 0 partition 1 WINNT35 Windows NT Workstation Version 3 51 NoSerialMice multi 0 disk 0 rdisk 0 partition 1 NWINNT35 Windows NT Workstation Version 3 51 VGA mode basevideo sos NoSerialMice Windows 2000 and Windows XP Microsoft has finally admitted that this is a problem with Windows 2000 The same fix works for Windows XP In August 2001 they published knowledgebase article Q283063 on this subject which can be viewed at http support microsoft com support kb articles Q283 0 63 ASP This article has detailed instructions on a complex fix that requires di
89. ion far from your current location has been shown to cause erratic GPS receiver performance Use Cancel to revert back to the current settings Cancel does not undo any database operations however Set Timing Parameters Use this command to change the parameters effecting how the timing is done The timing Setup dialog box Timing Setup HE ail provides the means for Epoch Offset Sets GPS 1PPS Pulses LATE T RAIM a il Limit 1000 adjusting the 1pps time mark Epoch Coarse 0 miliseconds Reset ce offset There are two reasons Offset Fine 0 Sj microseconds T Kill1pps ont for doin g this First the delays Instrumentation Offset Sets GPS 1PPS Pulses EARLY UTC Correction A Cable Del 137 6 onds in signal propagation through gap Elec ea th e coax cables an d har dware Measurement Cable Delay 37 El nanoseconds EE Internal Receiver Del 8 nds gates must be accounted for so EAE i adi n ntenti xtra Early Offset microseconi eset that the leading edge of the Total 1 PPS offset from LITC 10 999990 microseconds M Auto correct TIC data Sawtooth Correction Automatic C Add C Subtract C Off Defaults Cancel For Help Press F1 CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 lpps time mark arrives at its termination at exactly the correct instant Second large offsets in the 1pps time mark are useful in the precise measurement of event time duration or delay For high accuracy timing syn
90. ion to the bottom will restore the normal operation of the window Note that scrolling back thus freezing the screen allows the data in the window to be selected and copied Data copied may then be pasted into any other application such as Notepad a word processor or an e mail editor There may be shaded scroll bars along the bottom of the window This occurs if some of the data lines are too long to fit in the view Use of the horizontal scroll bar does not freeze the screen however NMEA data The sample window above shows raw NMEA data from a GPS receiver in this case a Motorola Oncore The NMEA data begins with the character The characters preceding the data on the line are special in that they are added by Tac32 to provide basic status information e The gt symbol designates a line of data coming into Tac32 from the GPS receiver that has been correctly decoded e The lt symbol designates a line of data sent from Tac32 to the GPS receiver e The symbol designates a line of data coming into Tac32 from the GPS receiver that is not understood or has not been correctly decoded 29 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Binary Data The sample window above shows raw binary data from a GPS receiver in this case a Motorola Oncore The special characters preceding each message are the same as for NMEA messages above The data display is a bit Raw Data Messages x different as binary
91. ist or enter a command manually in the edit box part of the control When a command is selected from the dropdown list the other fields are automatically filled in with default values In Motorola binary mode most defaults are for a one time poll followed by disabling of that message type In NMEA mode the default either fills the parameter field with a template but no data or sets up the parameters field to disable the message type Command Description This field is automatically filled in whenever a command is chosen from the dropdown list in the Command box or when a command is manually entered into the Command box that matches one in the dropdown list The text is generally taken directly from the receiver s technical reference manual In Motorola binary mode the command descriptions are usually followed by brackets and enclosing the receiver models for which the command is appropriate and in many cases the minimum firmware level required for the command to be supported This information is for guidance only and is not all inclusive There is no restriction placed on the commands by receiver model and firmware revision It is the user s responsibility to use appropriate care Command Prefix This box is automatically filled with the appropriate command prefix when a selection is made from the Command drop down list It is often the same as the text in the Command box but not always The user is free to change this information in
92. itudes Placing the mouse cursor over any of the satellites will open an information box showing the PRN Azimuth and Elevation for that satellite This 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 28 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc information will match the data provided on the main screen The information box will close automatically in a few seconds or when the cursor is moved View GPS Data Raw Data Use this command to display the raw data from the GPS receiver This command is particularly useful for debugging and problem analysis There is a vertical scroll bar along the right side of the window There may also be a horizontal scroll bar along the bottom of the window To scroll to another part of the document drag the box or click the arrows in the scroll bar Note that new data is added at the bottom of the window and the default scroll position is at the Raw Data Messages bottom If you scroll up gt GPGSV 3 1 09 01 23 123 13 03 00 173 06 06 20 068 06 14 41 284 25 to view prior data the display will freeze and the background color of the window will change This allows you to view 0 OF reU 08 1 358 4 M 34 1 M ey data without the gt GPGSV 3 1 09 01 29 123 21 03 00 173 106 301068 08 14 41 28425 distraction of a gt GPGSV 3 2 09 16 20 314 23 22 59 199 30 25 58 047 32 29 85 086 32 gt GPGSV 3 309 30 10042 24 constantly changing gt GPZDA 201659 00 19 11 1997 00 00 view Returning the scroll posit
93. ll be appended to the end of the existing file If you chose a new filename a new log file will be created Close GPS Data Log command Use this command to close an active GPS Data Log New and Open TIC Data Log commands Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only Use the New Tic Data Log command to create a new Time Interval Counter data log file set Use the Open Tic CNSATI7A csv Data Log command to append data to an existing Time Interval Counter data log file set Log files are always opened as a set of three files an averaging log file a time interval log file and a configuration log file New TIC Data Log File S e e em CNSA1234 csv Filename CNSA1234 Save as type csv comma delimited csv Cancel Time tag format Excel Time OOO FFFFF Save Satellite Events in Config Log I Auto Restart TIC Logs TIC log files the user may Time Interval Log Averaging Log Log Every Averaging Period Enable C TIC data Disable Second H Internal select the format of the files and the format of the time stamp Log file formats that can be selected are either When creating a new set of 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 22 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc e CSV comma delimited log with csv extension or e Formatted Text Space delimited log with prn extension or e Text Tab delimited log with txt extension Log file names are structured to be meaningf
94. lock and Tac32 tracked are highlighted in cyan This can be used to develop a picture of the satellite constellation if left active for at least 12 hours These highlights will be updated even while this window is open These indicators are not saved between sessions Enable All Sets all satellites to the enabled mode boxes checked This is the normal configuration Disable All Sets all satellites to the disabled mode boxes not checked This mode is not very useful by itself It does provide a convenient starting point for enabling just a few satellites however Navigation Defaults Sets all values to their optimum state for navigation Use OK to accept or Cancel to ignore the changes Precision Timing Defaults Sets all values to their optimum state for precision timing Use OK to accept or Cancel to ignore the changes DGPS Output Defaults Sets all values to their optimum state for generating DGPS corrections This button is enabled only for receivers having the capability to generate DGPS correction messages Use OK to accept or Cancel to ignore the changes OK Once you are satisfied with your selections choose OK This causes the user selectable parameters to be saved and begins using the new values in the calculations Note Your selections will be saved and will be available again even if you shut down and restart Tac32 The saved settings are different for each instance of the calculator Cancel If you decide not to
95. lve for the single unknown over determined solution This setting is only available for the Motorola receivers Position Fix Mode The GPS receiver uses a least squares position computation algorithm and operates in one of two modes All in view In this mode the GPS receiver will use all the satellites that it is tracking for the position fix The assignment of satellites to channels is optimized for the all in view configuration Best 4 In this mode the GPS receiver uses the best four satellites of those it is tracking for the computation of position based on the xDOP see Geometry below Satellite Selection Use the buttons to select either automatic best geometry or highest in the sky satellite tracking algorithm Best Geometry The receiver tracks the set of satellites that optimize the xDOP value see Geometry below Highest in the sky The receiver tracks the set of satellites that are highest above the horizon This will result in more position fixes in urban canyon 43 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 environments when more than eight satellites are visible at the expense of accuracy Geometry Select from the list below to specify which DOP type to use for satellite selection criteria Default is PDOP Parameter Definition Geometry Considered GDOP Geometric Dilution of Precision 4 D 3 D time PDOP Position Dilution of Precision 3 D HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precisio
96. mber 1883 when the telegraph lines transmitted time signals to all major cities Prior to that there were over 300 local times in the USA Greenwich Mean Time GMT was adopted universally on the 1 November 1884 when the International Meridian Conference in Washington DC USA met From then the International Date Line was drawn up and 24 time zones created Today GMT is used as the UK s civil time or UTC But to navigators GMT has referred to UT1 which directly corresponds to the rotation of the Earth and is subject to that rotation s slight irregularities It is the difference between UTI and UTC that is kept below 0 9s by the application of leap seconds What is Coordinated Universal Time UTC Replaced Greenwich Mean Time GMT as the World standard for time in 1986 It is based on atomic measurements rather than the earth s rotation Greenwich Mean Time GMT is still the standard time zone for the Prime Meridian Zero Longitude 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 92 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc What is the definition of a second Originally based on the Earth s rotation this has been found to be irregular and has in more recent times been replaced by atomic time The second is now defined as the duration of 9 192 631 770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the caesium 133 atom The overhead sun at noon can arrive 16 minutes 18 seconds early o
97. me synchronization with UTC Total 1 PPS offset from UTC This display shows the total effect of all the time offset adjustments Epoch Offset and Intentional Extra Early Offset 37 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 This does not include the UTC correction values however as they are used to get the receiver synchronized to UTC The display is shown in two parts This is to emphasize that every early delay is equivalent to some other late delay and visa versa Additionally all delays are constrained to be between 1 and 1 second because any delays outside this range are equivalent to some delay within this range Early delays are shown as negative numbers Auto correct TIC data Check this box to automatically remove the total 1 PPS offset from the TIC data The PPS signal is often offset to assure that the Time Interval Counter does not produce data on either side of zero because the counter always produces positive numbers causing the results to be meaningless However the bias that is inserted to remove this problem can itself become the source of problems This is especially true when data from multiple sites need to be compared and each site uses a different PPS offset Auto correction removes this bias resulting in a true picture of the time errors relative to a common reference UTC Sawtooth Correction Motorola GPS receivers such as the UT and VP provide this correction factor The Motorola d
98. mes Wire s LMR series In this case the 14 LMR 240 may be used up to about 200 ft The 0 4 LMR 400 and 0 5 LMR 500 may be used at correspondingly longer distances up to about 500 ft Best results are achieved from the solid center conductor cables it is best to avoid the flex and Superflex versions It may be that you have another precision i e Geodetic GPS receiver operating at your facility If so then you can tap the signals from that antenna in lieu of installing the antenna we provided WR Inc sells a very nice line of splitters designed specifically for GPS use where one port passes DC power to the antenna and the other ports are DC isolated They are available with or without internal preamplifiers 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 18 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Tac32 Software Commands The commands are initiated from the menu line File Menu The file menu provides access to the logging and program exit commands New GPS Data Log File command Use this command to create a new GPS Data Log Select the type of new file you want to create in the New Log Type dialog box then click OK to continue See Log Type Dialog Box Select a file name using the New Log File dialog box You can open an existing GPS log with the Open GPS Data Log command Open GPS Data Log File command Use this command to open an existing GPS Data Log file Select the type of file you want to open in the Open Log Type dialog box
99. n 2 D VDOP Vertical Dilution of Precision 1 D TDOP Time Dilution of Precision Time Iono Correction Enables or disables the GPS receiver s internal Ionospheric correction algorithm This algorithm is based on a simple model driven by parameters provided from the GPS satellite s broadcast message Tropo Correction Enables or disables the GPS receiver s internal Tropospheric correction algorithm The algorithm used by the receiver is unknown but is assumed to adjust the pseudorange values by the inverse of the elevation angle based on Dr Tom Clark s suppositions The effect on timing is likely to be only a few nanoseconds Because this model is undocumented and was not included in older receivers this model is not activated in the default timing mode Elevation Mask The GPS receiver will attempt to track satellites for which the elevation angle is greater than the satellite mask angle This parameter allows the user to control the elevation angle that is used for this decision App Type This selection is used to change the receiver application type optimizing the search and reacquisition strategies for different applications The initial search time is the time the receiver spends searching for the assumed visible satellites based on almanac and initial receiver position Reference Position If the satellites are not found within this time the receiver begins a systematic search for all satellites in the GPS constellation Ap
100. nal algorithms for automatically switching to a degraded navigation mode when there are too few satellites being tracked but Tac32 will still indicate an unlocked condition Tac32 assumes the GPS receiver is locked if it is tracking four or more satellites in 3 D mode three or more satellites in 2 D mode or one or more satellites in 0 D mode Whenever the GPS receiver loses lock the counter will be incremented the date will be invalidated an error message is shown during unlock periods the clock on the main display will turn red and the tick sounds will change When the Restart Averages On Unlock control is checked the averaging process is restarted from the beginning after an unlock condition has been cleared Checking the Continue on Program Restart box will allow the averaging process to begin where it left off when the program was last shut down or when the GPS receiver was restarted through the Serial Port Settings dialog box Time Accuracy Estimate This box displays the estimated one sigma time accuracy for the clock It is driven by a model whose parameters are the number of satellites being tracked the GPS receiver s instrumental noise and its sqrt n For example the Motorola Oncore s parameters are 10ns and 100ns respectively The Garmin GPS 20 is assumed to be 500ns and 500ns respectively Maximum accuracy is achieved by selecting 0 D navigation mode not available for the GPS 20 In this mode the receiver is fixe
101. nd M12 engines use a completely different message the Ha You should refer directly to the OEM manual for your GPS engine and consult CNS Systems for the precise translation used if you are unsure Date m d yy Time h m S ffff Position aaaa 0000 hhhh mmmm Velocity vv hh Geometry dd month day year hours minutes seconds fractional second latitude in mas longitude in mas ellipsoid height in cm not used 0 velocity in cm s heading true north res 0 1 current DOP 0 1 res DOP type 1 12 1 31 1980 2079 0 23 0 59 0 60 0 999 999 999 0 0 0 999999999 324 000 000 324 000 000 90 90 648 000 000 648 000 000 180 180 100 000 1 800 000 1000 00 18 000 00 m 0 51 400 0 514 00 m s 0 3 599 0 0 359 9 0 999 0 0 to 99 9 DOP 0 2 not computable position hold or position propagate Bit 7 antenna undercurrent Bit 6 antenna overcurrent 85 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 clear Satellite visibility and tracking status CNS Clock and Tac32 automatic survey mode not used not used not used not used set HDOP 2D PDOP 3D n num of visible sats 0 12 t num of sats tracked 0 8 For each of eight receiver channels i sat ID 0 37 m channel tracking mode 0 8 0 code search 2 code acquire 2 2 AGC set 3
102. ng a service under the System Account you can select the This Account option in the dialog box and then enter a username and password Whenever this service starts it will run using the security context of the specified user account If the user account and password are valid the service process will have access to the network resources Note See next section For Tac32Plus Service running under a User Account Shut down the Tac32Plus service if it is running Log into the user account and run a stand alone copy of Tac32Plus in that account All settings are separate for each user account so ensure that the password reference location receiver parameters COM port receiver mode and all other settings are correct The service version of Tac32Plus will use these settings when running in this user account When this is done you may start the Tac32Plus service by logging on as the Administrator and using the Services program in the Control Panel to enable the Tac32Plus service selecting the appropriate user account and password Start Multiple Independent Instances of Tac32Plus or Tac32Multi As of Version 2 7 0 Tac32Plus and Tac32Multi support running multiple simultaneous instances of the program on a single computer This is accomplished by using a command line switch to give a unique name to each instance which will be reflected in the program title bar and in the name used to create a base entry for the registry where all unique
103. ng every second and the 1PPS heartbeat indicator in the lower right of the Tac32 window will be flashing If so and the Current Location values look reasonable immediately go to the Data menu and choose Set Reference Location From Current If the receiver does not appear to be navigating go to the Data Menu and choose Set Reference Location Manual Entry Enter your position as best you can A rough estimate will be good enough at this point Click OK The receiver should begin to navigate within a few minutes Note some receivers make take from 10 minutes to many hours to begin navigating if they need to re acquire satellite orbit data ephemerides This is not unusual The right hand side of the Tac32 window should now be showing information on the GPS satellites that are visible the PRN Pseudo Random code ID number which is in essence the satellite s serial number azimuth and elevation After the receiver locks onto a satellite the Eb No values Bit Signal to noise ratio in approximate dB is shown both in numbers and in a bar graph S meter format The Eb No values are a good indication that your antenna installation is OK Satellites at high elevations should show SNRs of 25 or greater As you get lock on several satellites the position panel in the lower left hand quadrant should start reporting Current positions and you will start to form a more accurate average Average position Your initial guess position i
104. ntenna and seal the screen room 5 Conduct the tests 33 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 6 Optionally after the test measure the 1PPS drift against a second clock that had been left attached to the satellites to quantify the time drift Set Reference Location Use this command to set the reference location The reference location is the phase center of your stationary GPS antenna not the location of the GPS receiver The more accurately you set the station reference location the more accurate your timing results will be Future applications may also require setting the most accurate reference position possible The location can be set three ways e Copy a snapshot of the Average Location to the Reference Location The average location is Tac32 s version of a self survey If allowed to run long enough it will give a reasonable value for the station location e Copy the Current Location to the Reference Location If you have no other location available use this one It is wise to use this immediately after starting Tac32 for the first time to improve distance error and timing estimates When available replace this value with the Average Location or a user provided reference location e Manual If you have a better estimate of the Set Reference Location L2 x reference location that the other choices Name Save above enter you may enter the data Home Rene manually This
105. nter data element in microseconds See the Set Timing Parameters screen for more information Satellites This view port shows the current satellite activity for up to 12 satellites The pseudo random noise code id number PRN elevation El azimuth Azm and digital signal to noise Eb No parameters are shown At the top of each numeric column are buttons that are used to select the sort order for the table The Elevation column also shows the satellite rise set trend using either an up arrow or a down arrow character You must have the Symbol font installed on your computer for these symbols to appear correctly These characters appear only after a satellite has been tracked long enough for the trend to be determined 7 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Superimposed on the signal strength bar graphs are satellite specific status information messages The most common messages are anti spoofing AS and selective availability SA activated Also included are Momentum Alert and Parity Error Also shown here are receiver status messages for specific satellites including Code Search Code Acquire AGC Set Freq Acquire Bit Sync Detect Message Sync Detect Time Available Ephemeris Acquire Available and Not Locked Status Bar The status bar is displayed at the bottom of the main window To display or hide the status bar use the Status Bar command in the View menu The left
106. o hide or display the Toolbar choose Toolbar from the View Tac32 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 26 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Click To Open a new GPS Data Log file Open an existing GPS Data Log file and append new log data View the satellite visibility chart Open the Set PC Time dialog box Open the Set Timing Parameters dialog box Open the Averaging Parameters dialog box Open the Set GPS Receiver Parameters dialog box Select the context sensitive help cursor ls EIE ja i S I B Help Topics an index to topics on which you can get help Status Bar command Use this command to display and hide the Status Bar which describes the action to be executed by the selected menu item or depressed toolbar button and keyboard latch state A check mark appears next to the menu item when the Status Bar is displayed See Status Bar below for help on using the status bar Status Bar The status bar is displayed at the bottom of the Tac32 window To display or hide the status bar use the Status Bar command in the View menu For Help press F1 ESTERI Puke Motorola UT Bin 8 ch V2 0 has T RAIM 7 The left area of the status bar describes actions of menu items as you use the arrow keys to navigate through menus This area also shows messages that describe the actions of toolbar buttons as you depress them before releasing them If after viewing the description of the toolbar button command you
107. ocumentation states the underlying noise due to the granularity of the clock generating the 1PPS signal is deterministic on every pulse The receiver computes and outputs the negative sawtooth residual so that the user can compensate for the error and remove the granularity if desired This correction factor is applied to Time Interval Counter TIC data The trick is to determine the appropriate sign to apply to the correction data Under almost all circumstances this selection should remain at its default value Automatic The other selections are provided for special situations such as using the TIC data input to monitor the performance of an unknown device unrelated to the GPS receiver being controlled If in doubt select Automatic Defaults Restores all values to their default state Use with care as the defaults return your cable delay parameters to zero Use OK to accept or Cancel to ignore this change OK Once you are satisfied with your selections choose OK This will cause a re initialization of the GPS receiver s timing parameters Note Your selections will be saved and will be available again even if you shut down and restart Tac32 Cancel If you decide not to implement the changes choose Cancel No changes will be made and the parameters will revert to their previous values Coax Delay Calculator dialog box The Coax Delay Calculator provides a simple means to obtain the delay parameters needed in the Timing Setup d
108. of the log if open Only the name of the Averaging file is shown The corresponding Time and Configuration files will also be open Their names are related by rules described in the TIC documentation NOTE The response format may be changed in the future to show the log file type and the current time stamp format see the Tic Log NEW and OPEN commands See also Unrecognized commands or parameters 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 64 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Errors Invalid license this error occurs if the correct password has not been entered and the trial period has expired lt CommandMessage gt IN V ALIDLICENSE The command is echoed followed by a comma and the error indicator Invalid commands or parameters these errors occur if a field is invalid LeftPartOfCommandMessage UNKNOWN or lt LeftPartOfCommandMessage gt NOFILENAME or LeftPartOfCommandMessage B ADOPTION The command is echoed up to and including the illegal field by a comma and the error indicator The rest of the command is discarded Thus the last field before the error indicator is the field that was in error When possible the error indicator gives specific information about the error Remote Access to TIC Time and Averaging Data via Telnet TCP IP Remote control of logging functions is accomplished using a Telnet session over TCP IP This capability may be exercised either manually using any Telnet client or automatically by
109. on the type of GPS receiver and its operating mode To support long duration analysis of PVT data where every data point is not required you may select logging rates from once every second to once every minute The rate steps are all the combinations evenly divisible into 60 seconds The log data will be synchronized to the top of the minute regardless of which rate is chosen This allows data to be recorded by more than one Tac32 program while still assuring all data can be easily correlated during post processing The time stamp on the data message see chart above is used for this logging synchronization not the computer or GPS clocks The NMEA Common Format PVT log saves data in a common NMEA 0182 format regardless of the operating mode or type of GPS receiver This allows for data collected simultaneously from multiple receivers to be compared without regard to the format of their specific messages 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 20 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc This log uses NMEA Proprietary Sentences as defined in NMEA 0182 Version 2 00 Section 5 3 3 using the Manufacturer s code CNS See the Reference Information section the NMEA Common Format PVT log message specification The RINEX Data Log will save RINEX format data for use with a post processing program to generate high precision survey data NOTE this feature is not yet available as the Oncore binary to RINEX converter module is not developed At this
110. one of three formats e Degrees 39 0907200 e Degree and Minutes 39 5 44320 e Degrees Minutes and Seconds 39 5 26 5918 Note that the samples above all represent the exact same number Sound Effects Command Use this command to enable or disable the use of sound effects Three sounds are used one to indicate the start of a second another to indicate the start of a new minute and a replacement for those which indicates an out of lock condition A check mark will appear next to the chosen selection e All Activates the seconds tick minute bell and Out of Lock warning sounds e Out of Lock Only Activates only the Out of Lock warning sound e Clock Ticks Only Does not sound the Out of Lock warning The warning sound can be annoying if it is not needed especially on some low end receivers that fail this test regularly e None Deactivates all sound effects Set PC Clock command Use this command to enable or disable the setting of the computer s clock from the GPS receiver This command activates the Set PC Clock dialog box 31 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc Windows NT 2000 XP and 2003 users will not be able to set the clock on their computer unless they have the appropriate privilege For instructions on correcting this problem see How to set up Windows NT 2000 XP Clock Settings The selections in this window are activated only upon clicking the OK button Disable Select Disabl
111. ooo o Otmwcresyazon Do o ou Doo o p n CNSCOi PWBD1A LPO SOO ioo 000 To select modulated IRIG mode place the push on jumper for J3 to short pins 3 and 4 To select digital IRIG place the push on jumper for J3 to short pins 2 and 3 Manchester mode requires the addition of a jumper on the board This is a factory modification Note As shown in the figure pin 1 is on the left with the square box Pin 4 is to the right There may not be a pin installed for Pin 1 as it is not used in the IRIG module 83 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Log Formats There are a variety of log formats available Raw Data Log The Raw Data Log will contain the messages from the GPS receiver preceded by an input or output arrow Binary data messages will be interpreted in user readable format to the extent possible This log is used primarily for training and debugging It is under continuous update so the details of its contents are not specified here Binary Data Log The Binary Data Log will contain all the binary data messages that are in use by Tac32 in pure binary format The messages in use vary depending on the features that are active and the type of GPS engine running at the time This log type is enabled only when the GPS receiver is in binary mode For details of the log contents see the OEM documentation for the GPS Receiver engine Time Position Velocity Etc Log The Time Po
112. opening the TIC Averaging Log 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 66 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Errors Invalid license this error occurs if the correct password has not been entered and the trial period has expired lt CommandMessage gt IN V ALIDLICENSE The command is echoed followed by a comma and the error indicator Invalid commands or parameters these errors occur if a field is invalid LeftPartOfCommandMessage UNKNOWN or lt LeftPartOfCommandMessage gt NOFILENAME or LeftPartOfCommandMessage B ADOPTION The command is echoed up to and including the illegal field by a comma and the error indicator The rest of the command is discarded Thus the last field before the error indicator is the field that was in error When possible the error indicator gives specific information about the error Terminating a Remote Control Session To terminate a remote control session with Tac32Plus issue the command PCNSL EXIT or you can just enter the short version EXIT 67 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 FAQ Answers to Frequently Asked Questions The following sections describe how to solve special problems Synchronize Other Windows Computers to This One If your other Windows computers are on the same LAN with the one running Tac32Plus you can easily synchronize their clocks to the time master computer Using any text editor such as Notepad create a new ba
113. or documentation in the CNS Systems Inc Setup Wizard dialogue or about boxes in any of the runtime resources and or in any web presence or web enabled notices code or other embodiments originally contained in or dynamically or otherwise created by the SOFTWARE PRODUCT 5 DUAL MEDIA SOFTWARE You may receive the SOFTWARE PRODUCT in more than one medium Regardless of the type or size of the medium you receive you may use only that one medium that is appropriate for your single computer You may not use or install the other medium on another computer including but not limited to portable computers under the exclusive control of the registered developer You may not loan rent lease or otherwise transfer the other medium to another user except as part of the permanent transfer as provided above of the SOFTWARE PRODUCT 6 U S GOVERNMENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS The SOFTWARE PRODUCT and documentation are provided with RESTRICTED RIGHTS Use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph C 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 or subparagraphs c 1 and 2 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights at 48 CFR 52 227 19 or clause 18 52 227 86 d of the NASA Supplement to the FAR as applicable Manufacturer is CNS Systems Inc 363 Hawick Court Severna Park Maryland 21146 USA or by FAX 1 410 987 7836 e mail to
114. p type II Anon contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50Ohm outer diameter 405 98 Cu braid tighter finer braid than RG 213 4063 RG 213 13 7x 0296 stranded Cu center 4063 113 conductor with poly dielectric amp type non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 405 9896 Cu braid 9086 9913 9 5 AWG solid center conductor air Equivalent dielectric amp type I jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 405 10096 foil plus 9846 tinned Cu braid FLEXI 9 5 AWG stranded center conductor air 4XL8IIA 102 dielectric amp type II Anon contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 405 100 foil plus 9846 tinned Cu braid 9096 9 5 AWG stranded center conductor air EXTRAFLEX dielectric amp type non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 405 100 foil plus 98 tinned Cu braid Comes with 10 year factory warranty RG 8FM 11 19 24 stranded center conductor 9095 108 with foam dielectric amp type I jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 405 98 Cu braid 75 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Factor 1 5GHz RG 214 U 13 7x 0296 stranded Ag center MIL conductor with poly dielectric amp type non contaminating jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 405 2 layers 98 Ag Cu braid 13 7x 0296 stranded Cu center conductor with poly dielectric amp type IIA non
115. p 1 and bottom left as 50 Connect PTT from CNS Clock center BNC to pin 24 and the shield to pins 25 and 38 Zetron Interface The Zetron 2200 Busy interface is on the Station Card Kantronics Interface The Kantronics Model 2000 is supported by connecting the interface to the External Carrier Detect line Unipage Interface The Motorola Unipage M15 Paging Terminal is supported by connecting the interface to the Busy Channel Control and Ground pins 45 and 50 on the standard 25 pair punch block 81 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 82 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc IRIG B Module Setup The IRIG B module is designed to provide time information in either analog or digital formats on a coax cable for distribution to telemetry equipment It is important for the CNS Clock to be configured to match your equipment The CNS Clock can be configured to send IRIG B signals in any one of the three IRIG B modulation types Pager IRIG Nor Inv Mod Digi J1 2 3 3 4 1 2 1 2 5 Hic ez Pulse width code 34 oPEN oPEN 1 2 1 2 commonly known as mu Re1 JOO O digital oL Raz jo uir 00000000000000 u3c2 oL gs O 16C63 73A 2 Sine wave amplitude eee ee eee pe modulated and OL RES O ew 0 3 Manchester modulated a 00800500000000 x1 new digital mode 5 16C63 73A o 086 Doooooooooo
116. p Type its calculations Note that only OD Nav Timing Enabled C Ai r Position Fix Mode Disabled C Handheld the Motorola receivers support sirven Topo Core fes 1 1 Enabled A all these settings Settings C Best 4 ar a ie which are not used by your p DGPS Output Special Purpose Modes 1 1 Activate 5 secs msg 6 channel mode pate Mode receiver will be shown but are Align All Messages F GPS Rix in Local Time Hu disabled so they can not be Satellite Activation include checked satellites selected or changed Enable WEMAZMZMMMALII S 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 GPS Mode Select one of the Eevrevwvrevirrviv zrviimim Die buttons in this box to control the navigation mode Restore defaults Navigation Precision Timing DGPS Qupu Cancel 3 D Nav This is the normal setting for navigation It does not guarantee that the receiver will be in 3 D mode however as the mode will drop to 2 D automatically if there are only three satellites in view or if the DOPS exceed a preset threshold 2 D Nav Force the receiver to hold the altitude fixed at the value stored in the Reference Position If you are sure of your altitude this setting can improve the computation of latitude and longitude 0 D Nav Timing Set the latitude longitude and altitude to the Reference Position values and compute only time This allows the most accurate timing because all the satellites in view are available to so
117. pane of the status bar describes actions of menu items as you use the arrow keys to navigate through menus This area similarly shows messages that describe the actions of toolbar buttons as you depress them before releasing them If after viewing the description of the toolbar button command you wish not to execute the command then release the mouse button while the pointer is off the toolbar button The second pane shows the operational mode of the GPS receiver It is usually either Navigating or Position Hold In the case of the Motorola UT this pane will also show Surveying when performing a self survey The next pane shows the antenna status if the receiver is a Motorola UT or M12 operating in binary mode The next pane shows the clock heartbeat monitor This is an icon that flashes red every time a one pulse per second 1pps signal is received from the GPS receiver normally on the DCD line of the serial port This can be very handy in diagnosing setup problems For instance if the heartbeat monitor is working but other data on the screen is not being displayed you may have selected the wrong receiver type Go to the menu item Set Serial Port to correct this problem On the other hand if you are getting some data updates on the screen but the heartbeat is not working you may have a wiring problem or your receiver may not support the 1 pps option In the latter case you will be forced to live with significantly degraded timing perfo
118. parameters are stored This is an advanced feature and it is assumed that the user understands the basic concepts of the Windows Registry and knows how to set up desktop and program list shortcut icons For each instance of Tac32Plus or Tac32Multi you want to run set up a shortcut icon on the desktop or in the start programs list and name each one differently For example you might name them Tac32Plus Rx A and Tac32Plus Rx B Open the Properties box for each shortcut icon and add a name switch to the end of the Shortcut Target startup string This switch takes the form inst xxx where xxx is replaced with a unique name There must be no spaces or tabs in the name The underscore character can be used instead Thus for the two shortcuts above C Program Files CNS Systems Tac32Plus Tac32Plus exe 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 58 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc becomes for example C Program Files CNS Systems Tac32Plus Tac32Plus exe inst Rx_A and C Program Files CNS Systems Tac32Plus Tac32Plus exe inst Rx_B Close the Properties box and you are ready to run For the purist who recognizes the risk of polluting the registry with many named copies of Tac32Plus and Tac32Multi that may never again be needed a command line switch is provided to remove these registry trees The switch is dinst xxx where xxx is replaced with a unique name There must be no spaces or tabs in the name The underscore char
119. play will show BLUE characters TIC data Tac32Plus and Tac32Multi Only is BLACK if corrected for both sawtooth and PPS offset data BLUE if only corrected for sawtooth data GREEN if only corrected for TIC offset or RED if uncorrected UTC Time from GPS This view port shows the UTC day time day of the week date and week number derived from the GPS satellites See Coordinated Universal Time UTC PC Time This view port shows your current PC time and the time zone This represents the time zone set for your system and cannot be changed within Tac32 Latency is a measure of the adjustment Tac32 makes in setting your PC s clock so that reading the clock will result in the correct time Sidereal Time This view port shows the Local Mean Sidereal Time LMST Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time GMST and the Modified Julian Day For more information see Greenwich Mean Time GMT What is the definition of sidereal and A Julian Day GPS Navigation Data This view port shows the Latitude Longitude GPS Altitude WGS84 and Mean Sea Level Altitude for the current position reported by the GPS receiver the average position see Averaging Parameters and the Reference position see Set Reference Location Note that when in 0 D navigation mode these values do not change Grid Square Shows the extended Maidenhead Grid Square location see Maidenhead Grid Square TIC Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only Shows the most recent Time Interval Cou
120. plication Max Velocity Approx Type Expected Averaging Initial Search Velocity Time Air gt 100 m s 1 sec 15 min 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 44 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Handheld lt 100 m s 5 sec 2 min Land lt 100 m s 1 sec 30 min Marine lt 100 m s 5 sec 2 min Static lt 100 m s 1 sec 2 min DGPS Output These selections relate to the production of Differential GPS messages by the GPS receiver Only the Motorola VP Oncore with software versions 8 0 and up can generate such messages and then only in the binary mode The Activate selection causes the GPS receiver to begin generating DGPS messages You must also enter the rate at which messages will be generated from one message per second to one message every 255 seconds Selecting the Align Messages switch will cause the DGPS messages to be aligned to the top of the minute if the message rate is evenly divisible into a minute 2 3 4 5 6 10 12 15 20 30 or 60 seconds message Note At the present time Tac32 does not process the resulting DGPS messages Special Purpose Modes Check the 6 channel mode box to force a Motorola VP 8 channel GPS receiver to emulate a 6 channel receiver This is provided so that the VP can be set up to operate with other 6 channel legacy software particularly in binary mode Check the GPS Rx In Local Time box to force the Motorola GPS receiver to provide all messages in local
121. ps time mark in one nanosecond increments early relative to the measurement Epoch to compensate for the signal delay in the antenna cable This number requires information about the characteristics of your coax cable so to simplify the computation Tac32 provides a Coax Delay Calculator Measurement Cable Delay This control allows the user to offset the 1 pps time mark in one nanosecond increments early relative to the measurement Epoch to compensate for the signal delay in the measurement cable This number requires information about the characteristics of your coax cable so to simplify the computation Tac32 provides Coax Delay Calculator Internal Receiver Delay Some GPS receivers such as the TAC 2 provide internal buffering and or multiple 1 pps timing mark outputs The gate delays associated with the extra circuitry can be accommodated for here Enter any number between 0 and 1000 nanoseconds Note TAC 2 users should set this control to 8 nanoseconds Intentional Extra Early Offset This control provides the same functionality as the Offset Fine control above except that it moves the Ipps timing mark earlier in time relative to the measurement Epoch Reset This button cases Intentional Extra Early Offset control to return to its default value zero UTC Correction The sum of the Antenna Cable Delay Measurement Cable Delay and Internal Receiver Delay parameters This correction value is used by the GPS receiver to improve its ti
122. r Open dialog This data is free format and represents significant changes in satellite status not Azimuth Elevation or SNR At a minimum this log will contain e Reference Latitude longitude and altitude e Switch settings offsets e file name open time For example with time stamp format set to Excel 37509 624306 Created TIC Data Logs Tue Sep 10 14 59 00 2002 UTC 37509 624306 Recording time data every 1 seconds 37509 624306 Average data file based on internal sawtooth corrected data Averaging Period is 10 seconds 37509 625591 Sat PRN 5 no longer in use 91 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Reference Information Things you may want to know about time What is Greenwich Mean Time GMT Greenwich Mean Time GMT was originally set up to aid naval navigation when the globe started to open up with the discovery of the New World America in the fifteenth Century It was not forced on to land lubbers until the introduction of the railways railroads in the mid nineteenth century In the 1840 s with the introduction of the railways railroads there was a need in Britain for a national time system to replace the local time adopted by major towns and cities Greenwich was the national center for time and had been since 1675 It was not adopted officially by Parliament until 2 August 1880 The United States USA adopted Greenwich Mean Time GMT at noon on 18 Nove
123. r up to 14 minutes 28 seconds late In fact only 4 days per year have 24 hours in them These days occur on or about 25 December 15 April 14 June and 31 August The rest are longer or shorter as measured from the overhead midday sun A more precise measure of time was required So there have been many definitions of the second throughout time 1884 International Meridian Conference Washington DC based on a mean solar day at Greenwich England 1956 Ephemeris Time Based on lunar observations 1958 Atomic Time Based on clock data from numerous countries 1967 Atomic Time based on radiation patterns of the cesium element 1972 Coordinated Universal Time UTC introduced 1984 Dynamical time based on motion of celestial bodies 1986 UTC replaced GMT Despite time being measured highly accurately by atomic means the earth time stills rules Should earth time and atomic time get out of step scientists adjust time by subtracting or adding leap seconds on the last day of June or December Confused 300 years of history still means that most people regard Greenwich Mean Time GMT as the standard for their everyday lives What is Sidereal Time Sidereal Of or pertaining to the stars Although sidereal generally refers to the stars and tropical to the vernal equinox sidereal time and the sidereal day are based upon the position of the vernal equinox relative to the meridian The sidereal year is based upon the stars
124. rect contact with Microsoft The article also suggests a workaround that seems to be very effective To work around this problem allow the mouse device to be detected incorrectly use Device Manager to disable the mouse device that is not the port to which the mouse device is attached and then reboot your computer When you do this the port works correctly and the incorrectly detected mouse device is disabled To access the device manager open the System icon in the Control Panel select the Hardware tab and click on Device Manager You will find the incorrectly detected mouse in the mouse group It is often shown as a Microsoft Ball Mouse Do not delete it as Windows will just detect it and reinstall it incorrectly next time Instead disable the incorrectly detected mouse device Open the properties dialog for the incorrectly detected mouse device select the General tab and down at the bottom in the Device usage field select Do not use this device disable How do you accomplish this if your mouse is bouncing all over the screen Disconnect the serial port while you are accessing the Device Manager of course Then restore the connection to the CNS Clock and you are in business No more problems Windows NT 2000 XP Set Up Tac32Plus or Tac32Multi as a Service The Microsoft Windows NT Windows 2000 and Windows XP operating systems support an application type known as a service A Win32 based service conforms to the
125. rmance Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only The next pane is the Network Time Server status indicator If blank the Network Time server is disabled A clock face icon on the default background indicates that the Server is active The clock face will flash green as shown above whenever the server responds to a request for time information The right most pane of the status bar shows system messages Data Logging Data logging is an important feature of Tac32 New log types are being added to support various special requirements 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 8 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc The Time Position Velocity Etc log contains information about the current PVT status in a comma delimited text format that can be imported into a spreadsheet program for analysis To support long duration analysis of PVT data where every data point is not required you may select logging rates from once every second to once every minute Raw Data Logs contain the messages from the GPS receiver preceded by an input or output arrow Binary data messages will be interpreted Set the PC Clock You can enable or disable the setting of the computer s clock from the CNS Clock Selections include Disable Set One Time Every Second Every Minute Every Hour Every Day and When PC Clock error exceeds xxx msec The time of last sync window shows the time that the CNS Clock last reset the PC s clock The PC Clock Reset Count window shows t
126. rs and losses per 100 feet at the L1 frequency Factor 1 5GHz RG 58 U 20 AWG Cu solid center conductor with poly dielectric amp type I jacket Nominal impedance 53 5 Ohm outer diameter 195 9846 tinned Cu copper braid RG 58A U 19 strands 0071 tinned Cu center conductor with poly dielectric amp jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohm diameter 295 98 tinned Cu braid RG 58C U 19 strands 0071 tinned Cu center conductor with poly dielectric amp type II jacket nominal impedance 50 Ohm diameter 295 98 tinned Cu braid RG 8X 115 Jacket silver or black 16 19X29 stranded Cu center conductor with foam dielectric amp type I jacket Nominal impedance 50 Ohm diameter 242 98 Cu braid RG 8X 9091 Jacket gray black or clear UV resistant 16 19X29 stranded Cu center conductor with foam dielectric amp extra flexible jacket Nominal Impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 242 98 Cu braid 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 74 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Factor 1 5GHz RG 8X 16 19X29 stranded tinned Cu center MARINE 117 conductor with poly type IIA non contaminating jacket Nominal Impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 242 9896 Cu braid RG SX IIA 16 19X29 stranded Cu center conductor 9092 116 with foam dielectric amp type non contaminating jacket Nominal Impedance 50 Ohm outer diameter 242 9896 Cu braid RG 213 110 13 7x 0296 stranded Cu center conductor with poly dielectric am
127. s are provided a primary and a secondary This allows for example control and monitoring using the Tac32 software on one port while the other port is used for e RTCM SC104 Differential GPS signal input or e Motorola proprietary binary Differential GPS signal input or e Motorola proprietary binary Differential GPS signal output or e Asecond computer also running the full Tac32 software e A second computer running NTP software This permits the CNS Clock to be used as a network timing master per RFC1589 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 2 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc External Interfaces Two RS 232 Serial Ports TNC Female Antenna Connector Two BNC Female buffered 1 pulse per second 1PPS outputs Four 1PPS outputs are optional Optional IRIG B output BNC not shown Optional Sequencer output Isolated BNC not shown Power connector 2 1 x 5 5 mm coaxial 9 30 volts 250ma nominal Fuse 1 5 amp 250 volt fast acting 5x20 mm 3 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Tac32 Software Overview Tac32 is the control and display for the CNS Clock Overview Tac32 runs on Windows 95 98 ME__ and Windows NT4 2000 XP 2003 9 Em we ges Dans ise UTE GPS V3 conde Tac32 takes about 5 Mb RAM to 23 12 00 000 oe AT run and should not be swapped out 23 1 12 12 00 000 tpm MY c of memory because of the real time czy Aeman T apam Palm a Im nat
128. s at the top of the hour xx 00 00 hours Every Day Setting the clock every day is a reasonable choice for low accuracy requirements where a drift of one to several seconds is not objectionable or where reducing jitter is of primary importance This occurs at 00 00 00 hours When PC Clock error exceeds xxx msec Use this selection to limit the PC Clock s drift to some number of milliseconds between 10 msec and 60000 msec one minute The PC clock will be reset every time the difference between the GPS based time and the PC s clock exceeds the limit 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 32 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Note The drift and jitter in PC clocks varies widely from PC to PC If you set the limit to small you will wind up resetting the time almost every second To get a feel for your PC clock performance select Disable and on the main screen select PC U the clock error display mode Time of last syne This window shows the time that the GPS receiver last reset the PC s clock This can be especially useful when evaluating the performance of the PC s clock while using the When PC Clock error exceeds xxx msec mode or to see when the last One Time command was issued while in Disabled mode Clock Resets Shows the number of times the PC Clock has been reset since Tac32 was started or since the last time a change was made to any of the selections on this screen type of synchronization or reset error term NTP Hi
129. s the Reference Don t be surprised or worried if your Reference initial position guess was wrong by kilometers 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 14 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc At this point let the receiver run for 30 minutes to an hour to soak up a better average position Improving the Reference Position Now that Tac32 has soaked up an average position reset your reference position by selecting Set Reference Location From Average from the Data menu Now we will account for the length of the coax cable between the receiver and the antenna We will account for the length of the 1PPS cable between the CNS Clock and your station measurement system The travel times in both the antenna and 1PPS cables make the pulse arrive at the end of the 1PPS cable LATE and in this step we will insert an offset into the receiver to account for those delays Select Set Timing Parameters from the data menu and fill in the Antenna and Cable Measurement Delay parameters Click on the buttons to show the coax delay calculators See the Tac32 Software Commands chapter for details Note This screen also shows a value of 8 nsec for the internal receiver delay This is based on the propagation delay through two 74AC14 gates All of these parameters are saved in the Windows user profile registry If you log into your computer as a different user you will need to enter these values over again Getting a Still Better Referenc
130. s the Telnet Server and the user interface program is the Client Remote Access to Version Number via Telnet TCP IP Tac32Plus and Tac32Multi can access the program version number using a Telnet session over TCP IP Version Number Request Commands PCNSL VERSION Response PCNSL VERSION 2 7 0 Errors When an error is detected an appropriate error message is returned Invalid license this error occurs if the correct password has not been entered and the trial period has expired lt CommandMessage gt IN V ALIDLICENSE The command is echoed followed by a comma and the error indicator Invalid commands or parameters these errors occur if a field is invalid lt LeftPartOfCommandMessage gt UNKNOWN or 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 60 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc lt LeftPartOfCommandMessage gt B ADOPTION The command is echoed up to and including the illegal field by a comma and the error indicator The rest of the command is discarded Thus the last field before the error indicator is the field that was in error When possible the error indicator gives specific information about the error Remote Control of Log Functions via Telnet TCP IP Tac32Plus has the capability to remotely control its logging functions using a Telnet session over TCP IP This capability may be exercised either manually using any Telnet client or automatically by the use of a custom control program In either case Tac32Plus is the
131. s you prepare the cable make note of the cable type and its length We will need to make a pulse timing correction during the setup 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 12 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc e An RS222 cable to connect the CNS Clock s 9 pin female connector to the PC s 9 pin or 25 pin male connector Typical is Radio Shack 6 Ft Serial RS 232C Cable Catalog 26 117 DB9 male to DB9 female 9 99 Serial Cable Specification The serial port cable is a straight through cable not cross over It is best to run all 9 wires through to the equivalent pins at the other end of the cable as shown below Shielded cable is recommended and the cable length should be kept as short as possible maximum 20 feet 7 meters 9 Pin Male 9 Pin Female 25 Pin Female DCE DTE OR DTE to CNS Clock to computer to computer 1 OloOlNI T Dns my HR wW d OII nm AININ L 8 lg EE NU Tac32 Software Software Installation You will probably have received Tac32 software on a CD ROM Put the CD ROM in the appropriate drive D is assumed here Choose Run from the Start menu the button at the lower left corner of the Windows screen Enter D Tac32 Setup or D Tac32Plus Setup or D Tac32MultiNSetup and click OK Some CD ROMs have more than one version of the software Load only the version for which you have the password This password will not work on the other versions Follow the instructions on the various setup
132. send a message If the message fails the minimal sanity check a warning will be displayed and the message will not be sent There is no feedback provided To see what is actually happening use the View Raw Data command to open the raw data dialog box before opening the Manual Commands dialog box both can be open at the same time Initiate GPS Receiver Self Test WARNING This dialog box is for expert users only Use this command to initiate an internal GPS receiver self test Motorola receivers when in binary mode only WARNING Self Test will disable the GPS receiver for about 10 seconds When the self test is complete the acquisition process starts all over as if the receiver were first powered on The date time position and ephemeris information is all retained Use Data View GPS Receiver ID Message to view the results Initiate GPS Receiver Self Survey WARNING This dialog box is for expert users only Use this command to initiate the internal Self Survey mode in a Motorola UT GPS Receiver NOTICE The UT internal Self Survey mode is independent of this program s software self survey To save the UT self survey results wait for the survey to complete then save the current position to the reference position WARNING The survey mode overrides many user settings The UT activates 3D navigation mode and activates TRAIM User settings re not restored on completion After saving the survey results re initialize the GPS Re
133. sition Velocity Etc Log will contain information about the current PVT status in a comma delimited text format that can be imported into a spreadsheet program for analysis This information is derived from only one message type depending on the type of GPS receiver and its operating mode Motorola 6 Q Ba Binary mode 8 9 Ea 12 0 0Ha Motorola all GPGGA Log contains actual NMEA mode message data uncorrected for errors known to exist Tac32 corrects for these errors when using the data 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 84 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc in this message Garmin all GPGGA Note The format and field order in the log differs from the original message in order to make the data more manageable by the spreadsheet program The precise contents of the data stored in this log vary depending on the particular GPS receiver engine in use For precise information see the OEM documentation Example For example many CNS Clocks incorporate the Motorola UT GPS engine That engine uses the Ea message whose fields are defined by the following rules It is important to remember that this is only an example Each type of engine has a different set of rules that Tac32 tries to interpret and enter into the log as best it can For example the Motorola VP has the same Ea message but not all the fields have the same meaning as the UT The M12 a
134. t to the last selected automatic mode not to manual mode r Vv r r r r r r ET ce 4 Oi 4 wh When manual mode is selected the receiver will continue to track those satellites set by either the automatic or highest in the sky selection processes on those channels unaffected by the selections Receiver Channel Number GPS receiver s internal channel number Disable Disables a specific channel in the GPS receiver This overrides any Satellite ID selection Satellite ID Select a specific satellite to be processed on a specific channel Valid IDs are 0 to 37 Zero 0 means automatic selection unless disabled see above Ids above 32 are typically used by pseudolites Clear All Sets all selections to default mode OK Execute the instructions If all satellite IDs are set to zero 0 and there are no channels disabled the GPS receiver will be returned to its previous automatic mode All selections are saved Cancel Do not execute or save the selections 49 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 NTP Time Server Tac32Plus Tac32Multi Only Use this command to manually activate or deactivate the internal NTP server and select the server mode The server operates in a unicast inquiry response mode Broadcast and Multicast are not supported at this time This is a simplified implementation of a time server module suitable for synchronizing computers on a LAN to GPS time Ea
135. t which the interface 3 zi H El S contact is closed The stop time is 8 the second of each minute when m NNNM L 16C63 73A ud ooooo0oo0o00000000 o the contact is opened ow Ri poooooo n pi Ji Io 6 9 X1 Osc 00000 The start and stop times are set using the DIP switches S1 and S2 respectively To select the time program the binary equivalent of the second on each switch as shown in Table 1 amp CNS Systems Inc HEP o o ola www cnssys ERES 0000 p n CNSCO1 PWBOIA PS 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 80 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Be sure that the second number is in the range between 0 and 59 Be sure to select the appropriate times depending on whether the start stop sequence is for a Busy or an Active interface For normally open operation set the jumper at J1 to pins 2 3 For normally closed set to pins 3 4 GlenA yre Interface The following instructions are provided courtesy of Chuck Moffet of B amp M Communications 1 On the Universal Output Encoder UOE move JP10 11 to the JP 10 position That gives a pull up resistor to the input pin 2 Goto UOE Universal Output Encoder H 5 6 1 Individual controller parameters depends on controller and type the custom user selection i e USRB a Setfield 21 to Interlock RTS CTS b Set field 22 RTS Retry to 200 ms or other desired value c Setfield 24 to CTS toggle 3 On the 25 Pair punch down block number left to
136. tch file I call mine NetTime Bat In that file insert the single line net time YOUR_COMPUTER_NAME set yes replacing YOUR_COMPUTER_NAME with the network name of the computer with the master clock the one running Tac32Plus Save the NetTime bat file any place you like I keep mine in the root directory of C Now you need to execute this file In most cases it is not going to work as a call from your autoexec bat file because the network is not up and running until Windows is started I like to have NetTime run once each time I log into Windows so I created a shortcut to the batch file in the Startup folder You can do this by clicking on Start then Settings and then Taskbar With the taskbar Properties window open click on the Start Menu tab at the top and then the Add button Follow the instructions for creating a shortcut to NetTime bat I named mine NetTime Pick any icon from the default list This leaves one little bug to fix NetTime bat now executes on startup but leaves a DOS window open To eliminate this go back to the Taskbar Properties window and click on the Advanced button Using the Explorer window find the Startup directory There you will find the newly created NetTime bat shortcut Select NetTime bat one click on the file name then click the RIGHT mouse button Select Properties from the menu that pops up Select the Program tab at the top Down at the bottom of the window you will want to check th
137. ted interval with intervening data discarded Averaging Log Settings Select the source for statistical data TIC selects the statistical data provided by the Time Interval Counter TIC with the averaging period set by the external counter Select Internal and set the averaging period 2 to 20 000 seconds to have Tac32Plus generate the statistics data In this case the statistics are based on the sawtooth corrected TIC data Auto Restart Check this box to enable TIC log auto restart When auto restart is enabled the program will automatically begin logging TIC data each time the program is restarted If a log already exists for that day it will be re opened and the data will be appended otherwise a new log file set will be opened In either case the logging options will be the same as set up for this logging session 7he user must complete opening this new TIC log file set by clicking OK for any change in the state of the auto restart to be saved Save Satellite Events in Config Log Check this box to add logging of significant satellite status changes to the configuration log file The user must complete opening this TIC log file set by clicking OK for any change in the state of this selection to be saved Exit command Use this command to end your Tac32 session You can also use the Close command on the application Control menu Tac32 prompts you to save documents with unsaved changes Edit menu The edit menu provides access to t
138. time this log creates a binary log containing the raw data needed to generate RINEX messages This log type is enabled only when the GPS receiver is in binary mode The Log Every section of the dialog box provides the option of logging less often than every second The log period is an even fraction of one minute and can be based on either the UTC or GPS definition of the second number Most users will use UTC but the use of GPS eliminates discontinuities at Leap Second boundaries The period can also be offset one second to help align the data with data recorded by other applications New Log File dialog box The following options allow you to specify the name and location of the log file you re about to create Look In Lists the available folders and files To see how the current folder fits in the hierarchy on your computer click the down arrow To see what s inside a folder click it File Preview Box Shows the folders and files in the selected location You can also double click a folder or file in this box to open it To open the folder one level higher click the file up icon on the toolbar File Name Provides a space for you to type the name of the file Type a new filename to create a log with a new name The CNS Ground Station software adds the extension you specify in the Save File As Type box You can use as a wildcard For example you can type to see a list of all files You can also type the full path of a file
139. tion measurements for several hours to get an accurate position When the receiver has been running in position mode for a while you can transfer the average position into the reference position You may also manually enter coordinates This screen provides information about the progress and statistics of the averaging process allows you to make adjustments to that process and shows an estimate of the current timing accuracy GPS Mode Selection Tac32 gives you full control of the settings used internally by the GPS receiver to perform its calculations 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 10 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc This window allows for a large number of combinations of settings with complex interactions So what does the non expert do Just click on Navigation Defaults to do your self survey then click on Timing or DGPS Defaults to enter the precision timing mode What could be simpler To learn more Tac32 includes extensive Help data Tac32 can also activate the GPS receiver s DGPS output messages These will be used to convert the clock into a DGPS ground station in a future version Tac32 even allows full control over which satellites to use and which to ignore It also highlights the satellites that are currently being tracked in green and those that have been used in cyan This can be used to develop a picture of the satellite constellation if left active for at least 12 hours 11 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc C
140. ts Shows the number of times the internal SNTP server has sent time information to an external client program This field is present only for software versions that have NTP capability such as Tac32Plus Maximum Correction When activated this section will prevent the program from setting the computer s time by more than the specified value Special Purpose Modes Use these checkboxes to allow the PC clock to be set even when conditions arise that make setting the PC clock very inaccurate These overrides should be used with caution as they may in some cases result in errors of more than one second If unsure leave them unchecked Use the Override TRAIM control to allow the PC s time to be set even when there is no IPPS Use the Override Integrity Check to allow the PC s time to be set even when there are too few satellites for the selected mode of operation As an example of an application for such special modes consider the case where an experiment is being run in an RF screen room with no access to the outside but time synchronization is needed for a PC inside the screen room during the test To get reasonable results over a period of a few hours depending on the GPS receiver being used the experimenter would 1 Uncheck the Kill 1PPS on Fail in the timing screen 2 Check the Override Integrity Check on the Set PC Clock screen 3 Connect the clock to an outside antenna until synchronized to the satellites 4 Disconnect the a
141. ttings are different for each instance of the calculator antenna and measurement Cancel If you decide not to implement the changes choose Cancel No changes will be made and the parameters will revert to their previous values Averaging Parameters Use this command to observe the inner workings of the location averaging self survey function and to change the parameters effecting how the averaging is done 39 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 For really accurate time Averaging Parameters x keeping the GPS receiver Setup needs to be constrained to Position Fiter Counter 33 Position Filter Limit 28800 fixed position which RMS Filter Counte 33 _Reset RMS Fiter Limi 86400 should be accurate at the Timing Filter Counter 33 Reset Timing Fiter Limit 28800 10 15 meter level The Use DOP Weighting v Reset All position that is used for this Weighting Values HOOP 15 voaP 2 Toor 15 is called the reference Lock Status position Also if you chose Unlock counter 0 Reset Locked since 18Jul88 15 29 07 UTC to oper ate in the 2 D Restart Averages On Unlock Continue on Program Restart height fixed mode the Time Accuracy Estimate receiver fixes the height to Tsigma 107 nsec max 107 average 107 min 107 the reference hei ght Position Averaging Error Terms Latitude Longitude REDE RGPS Al MSL RefAva 16 69 m
142. u only want to use the Tac32Plus service to manage the computer s time use the Services program in the Control Panel to disable user input and display Network Access for a Service under a System Account is Limited Network access for log files may be limited when running in the System account as described in the following excerpt from the Microsoft article Design a Windows NT Service to Exploit Special Operating System Facilities When a service is running under the System Account there is no user running the process and therefore the service will have limited access to network resources such as shared directories and pipes A service running under the System Account may connect to resources using a NULL session You can tell Windows NT what shares and pipes to make available to NULL session clients by modifying the NullSessionPipes and NullSessionShares data values that exist under the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE SYSTEM CurrentControlSet Services LanmanServer Parameters registry subkey You can also enable all pipes and shares on the machine to be accessed by all NULL session connections by setting the RestrictNullSessionAccess data value in the subkey to 0 One more note a service running under the System Account will not be able to open the HKEY_CURRENT_USER registry key but the service will be able to open the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Security registry key 57 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 Instead of runni
143. ue The average positions computed are weighted with the GPS DOP dilution of precision values if the Use DOP Weighting box has been checked In this case average position and average RMS values are weighted with the HDOP VDOP Horizontal Vertical Dilution Of Precision for the actual satellite geometry Defaults Restores all user selectable values to their default state Use OK to accept or Cancel to ignore the changes OK Once you are satisfied with your selections choose OK This causes the user selectable parameters to be saved and begins using the new values in the calculations Note Your selections will be saved and will be available again even if you shut down and restart Tac32 The saved settings are different for each instance of the calculator Cancel If you decide not to implement the user selectable changes choose Cancel No changes will be made and the parameters will revert to their previous values Set Receiver Parameters Use this command to change the parameters effecting how the GPS receiver performs 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 42 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc Use this dialog box to change GPS Receiver Mode Selections L2 x the settings used internally by r GPS Mode Satellite Selection Elevation Mask 30 Nav Best Geometry gt Geometry 5 Degrees the GPS receiver to perform CES C Highest in the sky GDOP c e lono Corrections r Ap
144. ul while staying within the old standard 8x3 format The names are coded in the form NNNNDDDT ext where e N name The name is NASA by default The user is free to use any name that might me meaningful such as the station name This prefix will be remembered and used the next time the Tic Log New or Open dialogs are used e D day The day of the year 1 366 It is the user s responsibility to keep files from different years segregated This can be done for example by implementing separate log archive directories for each year e T file type A Average T time C configuration All three log files will be opened together so T must always be A e ext extension The extensions for the average and time interval logs must match the file type as described above The extension for the configuration log is always txt as it is a simple text file Note 1 Earlier versions used a different file naming convention that included a version character that allowed for up to 16 different log file sets to be created for a single day It has been determined that there should be only one log file set per day This log file set can be reopened so that new data is appended see Open TIC Data Log Note 2 If they are open TIC log files are automatically closed at 00 00 00 UTC and a new set of files are created using the new day number This happens without operator intervention or notice The purpose is to limit the size of the log f
145. ure of its operation Tac32 includes e Display of the current time in Re Z 121 BIG DIGITS e A display of the date day of week day of year e Local and Greenwich Mean Sidereal times e Julian Date and Modified Julian Date e The current GPS week Other features include You can enable audible time ticks to assist you in setting your wrist watch You can have the software automatically reset the PC s internal clock All the time display updates and audible ticks happen synchronously with the GPS 1PPS signal because the PC reads the tick on its DCD line Tac32 allows you enter timing offsets and handles all the arithmetic for you It allows you to make easy corrections for time delays in cables and the instrument Tac32 tells you with 1 nsec resolution the actual epoch of the 1PPS tick and it gives you an estimate of the accuracy of the tick Tac32 gives you a display of which satellites you are using and which satellites are above the horizon This includes a bar graph signal strength 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc 4 CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Systems Inc meter for each of the GPS satellites currently in lock which are updated once per second You can change operating modes timing vs position elevation masks satellite selection criteria etc easily When you are running in position determination mode Tac32 will handle all the position averaging tasks for you Your configuration selections are saved when ch
146. uth is shown in degrees around the outside of the plot and the elevation is shown as concentric circles from 90 degrees at the center to zero degrees at the horizon the outside ring Each satellite is color coded with blue indicating that the satellite is rising elevation increasing red indicating that the satellite is setting and cyan indicating that the satellite s elevation trend is not known Satellite Az El Chart i Cm m a i The chart is dynamic The satellites will change position and color as they move through the sky The wavy green line surrounding the satellites is the observed horizon trace Initially this trace will appear as lines radiating from the center to each X Reset the Horizon Line active satellite Over time the horizon trace will fill in as satellites move through their orbits It takes at least twelve hours to complete a horizon trace as shown above Note that in this trace several large trees block the satellites between 150 and 190 degrees azimuth No satellites are seen at low altitudes to the north because of their orbit inclination relative to the latitude of this station about 39 degrees North Similarly there is a blue line in the center of the plot that represents the hole in the sky This is the area directly above the station location where no satellites have been tracked This area is larger for stations close to the North or South Pole and diminishes to nothing at lower lat
147. y founded in 1948 as Times Wire and Cable Company The loss figures have been computed by entering the L1 GPS frequency 1575 42 MHz into the calculator on their Web page http www timesmicrowave com cgi bin calculate 79 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 CNS Clock Options More ways to use time Paging Sequencer Module Setup The Paging Sequencer module is designed to control the Active Busy states of a paging transmitter station as a specific portion of each minute to allow spectrum sharing with adjacent paging systems that have overlapping coverage areas Interface The interface is designed to connect directly to a variety of pager terminals by using the terminal s Busy line This includes thee Zetron 2200 Kantronics Model 2000 Motorola Unipage M15 Paging Terminal and the GlenAyre GL3000 The interface is an opto isolated solid sate switch that operates much like a relay When closed the circuit must not draw more than 40ma When open the terminal voltage must not exceed 30 volts The connector on the rear panel of the CNS Clock is an isolated BNC with the emitter of U3 connected to the outer shell and the collector connected to the center pin This way there can be no ground loops between the paging system and the CNS Clock Pe 1 6 5 U3 CiTe m e 3 OUT Start and Stop time setup The R000000 start time is the second of each goososog d Pim e oo minute a
148. ymmdd hhmmss ss ddmm mmmm n dddmm mmmm e sss s f ttt t ss q CR LF where yyyymmdd yyyy mm dd hhmmss ss hh mm SS SS ddmm mmmm n dd mm mmmm n E dddmm mmmm n ddd mm mmmm n gt SSS S ttt t SS q UTC Date of PC Clock correction year 0000 9999 month 01 12 day 01 31 UTC Time of PC Clock correction hour 00 24 minute 00 59 seconds 00 00 59 99 Latitude degrees 00 90 minutes 00 0000 59 9999 direction N North S South Longitude degrees 000 180 minutes 00 0000 59 9999 direction E East W West Speed 000 0 999 9 knots Note this field may have more or less that three digits left of the decimal point and may have leading zeros Units N knots K km hr Always N Track 000 0 259 9 degrees relative to true North Note this field may have more or less that three digits left of the decimal point and may have leading zeros Satellites Tracked 00 08 Note may be more or less that two characters and may have leading zeros GPS Quality 0 No position or time information available 1 Time information only 87 O 1998 2006 CNS Systems Inc CNS Systems Inc CNS Clock and Tac32 2 GPS position fix and time available 3 Differential GPS fix and time available 4 Dead Reckoning mode Advisory Message PCNSM lt message gt lt CR gt lt LF gt wh

- CNS Systems, Inc.

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