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Embedded DOS-ROM User`s Manual

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1. DIR 1 23 96 4 08p 29 DIR 1 23 96 4 08p ARCH DOC 483840 11 07 95 1 09p USER DOC 162816 2 03 96 10 52p 2 File s 5230592 bytes free Qs DISKCOMP Command General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 47 Function Compares two diskettes track for track Type External Syntax DISKCOMP 4 d 1 8 Parameters d Specifies the drives to compare l Compares one side of the disks only 8 Compares only the first 8 sectors of each track Description The DISKCOMP utility program compares the contents of two diskettes track by track until all of the tracks have been compared If the disks are identical then DISKCOMP displays the following message Diskettes compare OK Otherwise DISKCOMP displays a compare error message that indicates which tracks do not match If the diskettes are not the same size or if they do not have the same capacity then the following message is displayed Diskette types incompatible DISKCOMP will ask if more diskettes are to be compared after each compare enabling it to compare a batch of diskettes without re running the utility program DISKCOMP won t work on diskettes that contain odd sized sectors or unusual sector address marks such as those employed by copy protection schemes DISKCOMP only copies 512 byte sectors A return code is stored in ERRORLEVEL upon exit based on the compare status The following values a
2. DEVICE ROMCLONE SYS FILE DISK DEVICE ROMDRIVE SYS SERDRIVE SYS Driver Function Remote Drive Serial Port Type Block device driver Syntax DEVICE SERDRIVE SYS CON Parameters CON Specifies that all keyboard and video BIOS calls are to be redirected over the same serial link The corresponding INTERSVR EXE program demultiplexes console I O and disk I O and handles them in tandem Description The SERDRIVE SYS driver automatically attempts to communicate with a host over its COM I I O port 3f8h port expecting to interact with INTERSVR EXE running on a host machine Once connected SERDRIVE SYS creates a new drive letter and redirects all I O for that drive to the host via the serial communications line SERDRIVE SYS automatically determines the host computer s communication speed attempting 115Kbaud first then 57600 baud then 38400 19 2K and finally 9600 If the host does not respond at any of these baud rates then I O is not redirected and the device driver performs no function The baud rate for the communications line is established on the host side when running INTERSVR EXE see the command reference for details If the CON parameter is specified on the DEVICE command in CONFIG SYS then SERDRIVE SYS also redirects any INT 10h and INT 16h video and keyboard BIOS requests over the same serial communications line so that it can be handled on the host The effect is that
3. SYNCH can only be used to synchronize local file systems and may or may not flush buffers on other workstations in a distributed file system Examples The following example flushes the file system so that the workstation can be turned off General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 73 C SYNCH C the workstation can now be turned off SYS Command Function Copies the system files to the destination disk Type External Syntax SYS d Parameters d Specifies the drive letter to transfer the system to Description The SYS command is used in systems that use the disk loadable version of Embedded DOS ROM to copy the system files to a disk so that it becomes bootable media The system files include DOS SYS the operating system kernel COMMAND COM the command interpreter and the PBR partition boot record or first sector on the disk Examples The following example makes the hard drive C bootable C SYS C Copying DOS SYS Copying COMMAND COM System files transferred TIME Command Function Displays or changes the system time Type Internal Syntax TIME hh mm ss Parameters hh mm ss System time in hours minutes and seconds Description The TIME command displays or changes the system time If no parameter is specified then the current system time is displayed and the user is queried for the new system time If the user just presses the ENT
4. to find coal for their city They go down to the dock at eight and fight for a cozy Spot on the prow of the boat C Alternatively you could use the special device name CON with the COPY command to achieve the same effect C COPY MYFILE DAT CON The men of the town go to the little island to find coal for their city They go down to the dock at eight and fight for a cozy spot on the prow of the boat C Embedded DOS ROM reserves some special extensions for special purposes Files having a SYS extension are device drivers and cannot be changed Some other extensions are reserved to indicate what types of data are in the files and have special meaning to Embedded DOS ROM Extension Type of File BAT Batch file contains commands to run EXE Executable program BINARY format COM CP M compatible program BINARY format sSYS Embedded DOS ROM device driver or system file 4 2 Starting an Embedded DOS ROM Session To begin using Embedded DOS ROM select Embedded DOS ROM in the Advanced CMOS Configuration SETUP screen and boot your target Embedded DOS ROM when properly configured as the primary operating system will load and display a sign on banner similar to the following note that OEM adaptations of Embedded DOS ROM may display slightly different sign on banners Starting Embedded DOS ROM Current date is Fri 03 03 96 Enter new date mm dd yy _ Current
5. Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 53 The following example counts the lines in the file HOTSELL LST on drive F that contain the string DOS C gt FIND C DOS F HOTSELL LST FOR Command Function Repeatedly executes a command over a range of arguments Type Internal Syntax FOR var IN set DO command Parameters var Name of a variable to use set Set of values to assign to var command Command to execute for each value in set Description The FOR command executes a command several times each time assigning a value from a set into a variable name The variable name may optionally be used in the command as desired The variable name must start with a percent sign if typed directly from the keyboard or by two percent signs if executed from a batch file Variable names are restricted to a single alphabetic letter The set consists of zero one or more optionally wildcarded pathnames The FOR command automatically expands any wildcarded pathnames as it executes Any occurrences of the variable in the command will be substituted with the current value of the variable before it is run The command may be an internal external or batch file command Examples The following example types out all of the files in the current directory of the default drive C FOR N DO TYPE I This example copies all of the files having a DOC prefix to a BACKUP directory C FOR N
6. DOC DO COPY 1 XBACRUP FORMAT Command Function Formats a diskette or hard disk partition for file system use General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 54 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 Type External Syntax FORMAT d 1 4 8 T tracks N sectors V V S Parameters d Drive or partition to format 1 Diskette is to be formatted single sided 4 Diskette is to be formatted double density 8 Diskette is to be formatted 8 sectors per track T tracks Number of tracks to be formatted N sectors Number of sectors per track to format IV Installs a volume label on the new file system S Installs system files in the new file system Description The FORMAT utility program prepares a hard disk partition or a floppy diskette for use with Embedded DOS ROM While hard disks are typically low level formatted at the factory floppy diskettes are usually shipped completely degaussed and the track structure must be established on the media FORMAT initializes the track structure on floppy diskette media FORMAT also installs the skeleton of a file system albeit an empty one on the partition or floppy diskette so that it can be used to store files The directory structure is initialized and the disk blocks are all freed and readied to accept file data If the S option is specified then FORMAT copies the system files DOS SYS and COMMAND COM to the file system Note that this option is
7. enabling it to be used in copying batches of diskettes from the same master without reloading the utility program for every diskette A return code is stored in ERRORLEVEL upon exit based on the compare status The following values are returned Successful copy Recoverable read write error occurred Operator abort Hard error disk unformatted etc Invalid parameters or insufficient memory available RWONRK O Example The following example copies the diskette in drive A to the diskette in drive B C gt DISKCOPY A B ECHO Command Function Displays changes ECHO mode displays messages General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 49 Type Internal Syntax ECHO ON I OFF message Parameters ON ECHO mode should be turned on OFF ECHO mode should be turned off ECHO as a command prints a blank line message Message to be displayed Description The ECHO command has two functions namely control of the ECHO flag and displaying messages in batch files ECHO mode controls the command processor s echoing of commands in batch files If ECHO mode is on then commands read from batch files are automatically echoed to the screen before they are executed If ECHO mode is off then commands are not echoed as they are executed To display the current ECHO flag status use the ECHO command without any parameters To display a message from a batch file us
8. 8 V VDISK SYS Driver 12 VER Command 20 75 VERIFY Command 20 76 VERIFY 8 VERSIONE 8 VOL Command 20 76 W write behind 8 X XCOPY Command 77
9. A but wanted to change to drive C afterward you would type the following A C C gt 4 1 6 Putting it All Together You can use all of the concepts in this section in combination when you use Embedded DOS ROM When constructing a filename you must think about which components you will need to specify so that Embedded DOS ROM fully understands where the file is located The full form of a file specification is shown below d pathname filename ext The d is an optional drive letter and need only be specified if the file is located on a drive that is not the default drive The pathname field may omitted in which case Embedded DOS ROM assumes that the file is in the default directory If you specify a pathname and it starts with a backslash then Embedded General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 4 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 25 DOS ROM knows that you are specifying a pathname that starts from the root directory Otherwise Embedded DOS ROM treats the pathname as relative to the current directory The filename field is required however it may contain wildcard characters when the command supports it The ext field is optional and if it omitted only those files with no extensions will match the filename When omitted the period may be specified or omitted This field like the filename field can be wildcarded with and or 4 1 7 Special Filenames Embedded DOS ROM reserves som
10. C RMDIR JOE C The following command removes a directory called FINANCE in the root directory of drive A General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 69 C RMDIR A FINANCE C SET Command Function Displays or changes the environment strings Type Internal Syntax SET variable string Parameters variable Variable name to change the value of string String to be assigned to the variable Description The SET command displays the entire environment space one variable per line or changes the assignment of one variable in the environment space If no operands are specified then the SET command simply displays all of the environment variables in the environment space If a variable name and an equal sign is given but no string is specified then the variable name is removed from the environment space If the string is specified then the previous definition of the variable is deleted and the new one is installed in the environment Common commercial software packages use the environment space to hold their configuration parameters Batch files may also access the environment variable assignments with the following syntax variable The use of percent signs around a text string tells COMMAND COM to substitute the actual string assignment of the variable name with the variable in percents When a program is run the current environment is cloned
11. Displays the contents of a file Type Internal General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 75 Syntax TYPE d path Parameters d Drive that the file resides on path Pathname of the file to display Description The TYPE command copies the contents of the specified file to standard output usually the screen If the drive letter is not specified then the default drive is assumed Example The following example displays the contents of the CONFIG SYS file on drive C A gt TYPE C CONFIG SYS FILES 20 BUFFERS 20 A gt VER Command Function Displays the version information about the operating system Type Internal Syntax VER Parameters none Description The VER command displays version of the Embedded DOS ROM operating system that is running VERIFY Command Function Displays or changes the status of the VERIFY flag Type Internal Syntax VERIFY ON OFF Parameters ON Disables lazy writing in the file system amp disk drivers General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 76 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 OFF Enables lazy writing in the file system amp disk drivers Description The VERIFY command changes or displays how Embedded DOS ROM handles I O to disk files and directory structures If VERIFY is ON then Embedded DOS ROM verifies immediately that disk I O is completed successfully before telling the user that it was
12. EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual C CD d d NPROGRAMS C where d is the name of the drive to display the current directory for To change the current directory simply specify the pathname of the directory to change to For example to change into the LOTUS123 directory of our example as shown above assuming drive C you would type the following C CD C PROGRAMS LOTUS123 C Thereafter you could refer to the 123 EXE file in that directory simply as 123 EXE instead of specifying the full pathname Embedded DOS ROM knows that you are referring to a filename in the current directory when you leave off the backslash at the beginning of a filename If you start a pathname with a backslash then Embedded DOS ROM assumes that you are specifying a pathname that starts from the root directory 4 1 5 The Current Drive Because most users usually use files on one drive a hard disk for example Embedded DOS ROM maintains a current drive for you so that if you do not specify a drive letter in a pathname Embedded DOS ROM assumes that you mean the default drive When Embedded DOS ROM starts it sets the default drive to the one that it boots from For example if you booted your workstation with a floppy diskette in drive A then the current drive would also be A by default To change the default drive to another drive letter simply type that drive letter followed by a colon at the prompt For example if you booted from drive
13. EMM386 EXE I d000 dfff X a000 bfff HIMEM SYS Driver Function XMS 2 0 Memory Manager Type Character device driver Syntax DEVICE HIMEM SYS Parameters none Description The HIMEM S YS driver is used to provide the Embedded DOS ROM XCOPY and COMMAND COM programs with uniform access to extended memory through the industry standard XMS interface As Microsoft Windows 3 1 ships with its own version of HIMEM SYS you need to use the Microsoft HIMEM SYS driver when running Windows 3 1 Example The following command loads HIMEM SYS DEVICE HIMEM SYS POWER SYS Driver Function Advanced Power Management Driver Type Character device driver General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 2 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 11 Syntax DEVICE POWER SYS Parameters none Description The POWER SYS driver provides power savings in the system in which it runs by monitoring the activity of Embedded DOS ROM and its applications and idling the processor when no computation or I O activities are detected POWER SYS can work with or without an underlying APM BIOS If POWER SYS detects that an underlying APM BIOS is available then it uses the industry standard APM BIOS calls to perform idles If no APM BIOS is detected then POWER SYS idles the CPU by using the HLT instruction to stop the CPU s clock until the next interrupt arrives in the system This has the most benefit when used with a static
14. ROM may assign drive letters to non DOS file system types including NetWare and OS 2 HPFS for example the file system must be supported by CHKDSK before it can correctly analyze the file system s structure If the file system is not one of the supported types CHKDSK will display a message to that effect and will not check the file system If a pathname with optional wildcard characters and is specified then those files are checked by CHKDSK to determine if they are stored contiguously on the storage media Files that are stored in one chunk can be processed by Embedded DOS ROM more efficiently than those that are fragmented into many pieces This option can be used to General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 39 determine if the performance of a program such as a database manager can be improved simply by copying the file to a new location in the file system If the F option is specified then CHKDSK will correct any structural damage to the file system Because this action is highly file system specific a list of actions is not given here Generally CHKDSK will determine that files do not accidentally share allocated storage blocks and that their sizes as recorded in the directory are consistent with the allocated storage blocks for those files If the V option is specified then CHKDSK will display the name of each file as it is analyzed This allows the user to observe the pro
15. SMARTDRV General Software SMARTDRV Disk Cache Version 1 0 C MEM Command Function Displays memory usage statistics Type Internal Syntax MEM C F S P Parameters C Classifies programs by memory usage F Displays information about free memory S Displays system kernel memory pool P Pauses after each screenful of information Description The MEM command displays statistics about the quantity and usage of RAM in the running system including low memory extended memory and operating system memory pool Examples The following example shows a basic MEM display C MEM Memory Type Total Used Free Operating System 57K 12K 45K Conventional 583K 108K 475K Upper OK OK OK Extended XMS 912K OK 912K INT 15h Extended OK OK OK Total memory 1552K 120K 1432K Total Under 1MB 640K 120K 520K Largest executable program size 452K Largest fr upper memory block OK The high memory area is available for use Largest free XMS block size 912K General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 61 Number of XMS handles available 40927 C MKDIR Command Function Makes a subdirectory Type Internal Syntax MKDIR d path Parameters d Drive to create the directory on path Pathname of the directory to be created Description The MKDIR command abbreviated MD creates a subdirectory of a root directory
16. a label in a batch file Type Internal Syntax GOTO label Parameters label Name of a label to jump to Description The GOTO command causes the command processor to start executing commands that follow the specified label in the current batch file Labels can be inserted anywhere in batch files and take the following form label Example For example to create an infinite loop in a batch file that continuously scans for the existence of a file in a directory on a network drive N you could use the following batch commands MYLOOP IF NOT EXIST TESTFILE DAT GOTO MYLOOP ECHO The file exists We are all done HELP Command Function Displays a list of available commands Type Internal Syntax HELP Parameters General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 56 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 none Description The HELP command displays a list of the commands that are supported by the command interpreter This is useful to a user that must use several different versions of DOS that support extensions provided by OEMs Examples The following example displays a list of commands supported by COMMAND COM C HELP Available command list break cd chdir cls copy date del dur era erase exit md mkdir path prompt ren rename rd rmdir set time type ver verify vol help rem ask echo goto switch for qUE pause shift call delay C IF Command Function Executes a command based on a co
17. both disk and console I O can be performed through the same serial communications link transparently Example The following command causes SERDRIVE SYS to redirect disk I O and console I O to the host DEVICE SERDRIVE SYS CON General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 2 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 15 The following command optionally loads SERDRIVE SYS without redirecting console I O by using the feature in CONFIG SYS DEVICE SERDRIVE SYS General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 3 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 17 Chapter 3 MINI COMMAND REFERENCE not COMMAND COM Embedded DOS ROM can be configured to support a built in command interpreter called mini COMMAND This command interpreter is a minimalistic application that recognizes common DOS commands but does not provide the flexibility that the larger COMMAND COM program does The following is a summary of the syntax supported by the mini COMMAND interpreter The command descriptions for these commands are described in more detail in Chapter 4 HELP Command Syntax HELP Also BREAK Command Syntax BREAK ONIOFF CD Command Syntax CD drive pathname Also CHDIR drive pathname CLS Command General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 18 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Syntax CLS COPY Command Syntax COPY drive pathname drive pathname DATE Command Syntax DAT
18. for UMB support so that drivers and programs can be loaded high If the V option is selected then EMM386 EXE will provide verbose displays during initialization such as the amount and location of XMS memory reserved for Upper Memory Blocks UMBs and 386 page tables If the X option is selected then EMM386 EXE will exclude the specified range from mapping UMBs This is useful if a device or ROM resides at a segment address that would normally be mapped by EMM386 EXE for example D000h DFFFh General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 10 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual If the I option is selected then EMM386 EXE will include the specified range in its UMB map This will cause EMM386 EXE to map pages of extended memory into this segment address range causing memory to appear there for use by DOS and application software If the N option is selected then EMM386 EXE will treat the specified range as a mappable range but will not automatically give the memory to the DOS arena for use by application software Instead it will be up to the application software to manually create pointers to the area and use it without DOS s support Because mapping is accomplished with CPU paging hardware and because the X86 family has 4KB pages the segments are rounded to the nearest 4KB page boundary Example The following command loads EMM386 EXE and maps the 128KB at segment D000h while excluding the region at A000 BFFF DEVICE
19. only useful for disk based systems ROM based systems run the DOS kernel from ROM If the V option is specified then FORMAT also prompts the user for an 11 character volume name which it installs in the file system as an electronic marker that labels file system in the same way that the LABEL command does If the drive is not specified then the default drive will be formatted Otherwise the specified drive will be formatted If 1 is specified then FORMAT will only format one side of the floppy diskette This option is not supported for hard disk partitions If 8 is specified then FORMAT assumes that it should format each track with eight sectors per track This option is not supported for hard disk partitions If T tracks is specified then FORMAT only formats the specified number of tracks enabling a portion of a diskette to be formatted If N sectors is specified then FORMAT will organize each track into the specified number of sectors each This option is designed to support new diskette media whenever General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 55 it becomes available Not all values are supported for all media types This option is not supported for hard disk partitions Examples The following example formats a double sided double density floppy disk with a standard MS DOS compatible 360Kb capacity file system C FORMAT A 4 GOTO Command Function Jumps to
20. or a subdirectory By using the MKDIR command tree structured file systems can be created that can effectively manage thousands of files by grouping them hierarchically If a drive is specified then the directory is created on the specified drive Otherwise it is created on the default drive A pathname of the directory to be created must be given The name must be unique and cannot name an existing file or subdirectory as duplicate files are normally not supported by file systems Examples The following example creates a subdirectory of the current directory on the default drive called JOE C MKDIR JOE C The following command creates a directory called FINANCE in the root directory of drive A C MKDIR A FINANCE C MODE Command Function Sets or displays operational modes for devices Type External General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 62 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 Syntax MODE LPTn pagewidth linesperinch P MODE COMx baudrate parity databits stopbits P MODELPTn COMx MODE display Parameters n Parallel port number 1 3 x Asynchronous communications port number 1 4 pagewidth Columns per printed line linesperinch Lines per vertical inch baudrate Transmission baudrate for async devices parity Parity type even odd or none databits Data bits per transmitted character stopbits Stop bits per transmitted character P Infinite ret
21. read only so that they cannot be deleted inadvertently and so that they are protected from accidental writing by application General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 34 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 programs Caution Programs may modify the read only attribute themselves effectively reversing this protection If the R parameter is specified then any read only marks are removed from the files directory entries This has the effect of allowing the files to be deleted with the DEL or ERASE commands and the files can be overwritten by application programs If the A parameter is specified then the files are marked archivable causing some backup programs to automatically select the program for backup If the A parameter is specified then the archivable marks are removed from the files causing some backup programs to skip over the files when performing a full backup If the drive letter is specified then ATTRIB searches that drive for the specified files If no drive letter is specified then ATTRIB uses the default drive ATTRIB requires you to specify an optionally wildcarded pathname that indicates which files are to be affected Both the and wildcard characters can be used Example C ATTRIB R WKS C gt Batch Files Function Execute pre recorded list of commands Type External Syntax d pathname parameterl parameter2 Parameters d Drive letter on which the specif
22. so with the prompt Are you sure Y N Warning You should be very careful when issuing this command with wildcard path specifications unless you are very familiar with the rules for expanding wildcards Many files can be accidentally erased with a misplaced character for example Examples The following example deletes all files in the current directory of drive E C ERASE E Are you sure Y N Y C The following example deletes the file named FINANCE WKS in the current directory of the default drive C ERASE FINANCE WKS C The following example deletes all of the files ending in the extension BAK in the current directory C ERASE BAK C gt EXIT Command Function Exits the command shell utility program Type Internal General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 5 Syntax EXIT Parameters none Description The EXIT command terminates the current command shell and reverts control to the previous shell provided that the current command shell is not the first one loaded in the system The very first shell cannot be terminated with EXIT If executed from a batch file EXIT will terminate the batch file in a controlled manner causing control to be transferred to the keyboard user FDISK Command Function Partitions a hard disk into one or more volumes Type External Syntax FDISK R Parameters R Read only mode par
23. time is 15 24 02 84 Enter new time Gu The system is now ready to accept commands The C gt is printed by the Embedded DOS ROM command processor program COMMAND COM and is called the prompt You can change the style of the prompt to include other information besides the current drive letter To learn how to do this consult the PROMPT command reference later in this chapter When the Embedded DOS ROM command processor is loaded it automatically scans your boot drive for the file AUTOEXEC BAT If found it reads commands from that file first and when all of those commands are finished executing it will display the prompt and read commands from General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 4 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 27 the keyboard If there is no AUTOEXEC BAT file then the command processor just asks for the date and time and then prints the prompt right away 4 3 Ending an Embedded DOS ROM Session To end your session with Embedded DOS ROM you must first exit the program that you are running before turning off your machine This causes all files used by the currently running program to be closed properly When you exit the program you should see the command prompt displayed by the Embedded DOS ROM command processor Qm 4 4 The Embedded DOS ROM Command Shell The program that Embedded DOS ROM runs automatically after booting is COMMAND COM the Embedded DOS ROM command shell You may substit
24. to end of file markers B Copies BINARY files without interpreting EOF markers General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 41 R Copies recursively into subdirectories Description The COPY command copies one or more files and optionally directories with the R option to a new destination If the destination path names a file then all of the source files are written to the target file concatenated together If path2 is not specified the copy is created in the current directory on the disk in the default drive If the source file path is also on the default drive and path2 is not specified then an error message is displayed indicating that a file cannot be copied to itself If the V option is specified then COPY temporarily turns VERIFY mode ON so that the data will be written directly to the disk and not into the cache where it remains volatile until written by the system By default COPY leaves VERIFY in the state specified by the user which defaults to OFF This normally has the effect of improving COPY s performance by writing to the cache instead of the disk If the A option is specified then the files will be copied in cooked mode that is they are assumed to contain ASCII text and will only be copied to the first EOF mark an embedded control Z character This is the default when files are concatenated If the B option is specified then the files will be cop
25. we wanted to sort the same file but write the sorted output to a file called SORTDIR TXT for later editing with a text editor C SORT lt SAVEDIR TXT gt SORTDIR TXT C gt Redirection is a powerful tool Together with the pipe construct redirection can be used as glue to bind modular programs together to create new custom programs 4 4 2 Piping The following command sequence lists the contents of a directory into a temporary file and then sorts the file copying its output to the console screen C gt DIR gt FILE TMP C gt SORT lt FILE TMP The same effect can be achieved by gluing both programs together with a pipe Using a pipe the command processor automatically builds the temporary file and executes both commands for you Here is the same sequence using piping General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 4 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 29 C DIR SORT Any number of programs may be piped together to form a pipeline The command processor executes the commands sequentially no multitasking actually occurs Temporary files are created in the current directory of the default drive and are removed when they are no longer needed 4 4 3 The Environment Space The command processor maintains an area of memory that contains variables and associated values You can examine and change these variables with the SET command detailed later in this chapter Application programs can al
26. with extended memory managers and should not be used in conjunction with DOS UMB statements VERIFY ONIOFF The VERIFY command sets the initial state of the DOS VERIFY flag used by the FAT file system cache to enable the write behind algorithm delayed writes if VERIFY OFF If VERIFY is set to ON then the file system operates in a hardened mode at the expense of reduced performance making the file system more resilient to application crashes since dirty file system cache blocks are flushed to disk before each write completes If VERIFY is set to OFF then the automatic cache flushing on each I O is disabled causing the write behind algorithm to write the data according to the CACHEFLUSH and CACHETTL parameter values VERSION n The VERSION command sets the version number that DOS reports to applications 2 3 Device Driver Reference Embedded DOS ROM ships with installable device drivers that can be loaded with the DEVICE and or DEVICEHIGH statements in CONFIG SYS This section documents their use ANSI SYS Driver Function Emulates ANSI Escape Sequence Video Terminal Type Character device driver Syntax DEVICE ANSI SYS General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 2 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 9 Parameters none Description The ANSI SYS driver is loaded as a substitute for the default CON driver that is built into the Embedded DOS ROM system ANSI SYS watches output requests and intercepts ANSI
27. write access is desired add the WRITE option to INTERSVR s command line By default communications are established at 57K baud which is half the possible speed of the link With proper cabling and matched UARTS on the host and target it is possible to use the link at 115 200 baud but this does not work under all circumstances If you find that your cabling or host target combination does not support communications at 57K baud you may wish to try communications at 9600 baud first and work up until the highest baud rate is determined While the host sets the baud rate the targets SERDRIVE SYS tries all of the baud rates at the time it connects to the host from highest to lowest If you switch baud rates on the host it will be necessary to reboot the target so that it can find the new baud rate you have selected Example The following example establishes a link with a target on COMI shares drive C and makes it writable C INTERSVR X C PORT 1 WRITE LABEL Command Function Creates or changes a volume label on a diskette or hard disk partition Type External Syntax LABEL d label Parameters General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 59 d Drive or partition to assign a label to label New volume label to assign to the drive or partition Description The LABEL utility program deletes any existing label associated with the specified drive and optionall
28. 26 4 3 ENDING AN EMBEDDED DOS ROM SESSION cccccsssseeeecccceeeesesseecccceeecussseeeccceeseeaaeseeececesssuaneeeecceeessaaaeeeeeeees 27 4 4 THE EMBEDDED DOS ROM COMMAND SHELL ccccssssseecccceeecssseecccceeecaaseseeccceeseeuaeececccesseaaneseeeceesesaaneeeeeeees 27 2 4 E Redirection t e ette etc eres tt bere te aee es ehe tet inet PE exte Ert oes ces Reste tet leve CORE CE ST 27 AAD PIP use rne per E e e e eredi e E E RR Et ene 28 44 3 The Environment Sp ce epe pete iede pl etie ette iei Lit a reir s ta edu 29 4 4 4 Program Search Path ee PR RU e bt be EC PH E E De br e RR t RR 29 AAS BatchiElle8 52 e nien nceeeeeueMdnma bee bade nnmesuelew einen 29 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF COMMANDS va ccccccccccccecccscccececdescocsctcccecssccscacssscccocesdescacscdcccocssccscasesccccacsccdccecsscse 31 TEDI D gt CERTES E E E I e eges Pu OERIEN IE EA e esa dopo aveo eese e qno essa veo ee eea Tee Capvt Veo ee oe EEEE AR 78 General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual ii EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 1 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 1 Chapter 1 EMBEDDED DOS ROM OPERATING SYSTEM Thank you for choosing General Software s EMBEDDED DOS ROM operating system for use in your embedded system EMBEDDED DOS ROM offers an unparalleled combination of configurability performance functionality and price that enables embedded application developers to use in applications that tr
29. COMMENT any text COUNTRY nnn DEVICE devname DEVICEHIGH devname DOS VGA The BREAK command sets the default value of the DOS break flag The DOS break flag is used by Embedded DOS ROM to determine if it should poll the console for a C from the operator when an INT 21h function is invoked If BREAK ON then the console is polled and if a C is pending the program is terminated If BREAK OFF then the console is not polled Polling adds an extra trip through the I O system for each INT 21h call so performance is best with it off The BUFFERS command sets the default value for the maximum number of 512 byte file system buffers to be used in the system Note that Embedded DOS ROM s file system cache may age the buffers and discard them making them available for other purposes during normal system operation This background activity is transparent to the user A minimum value for this parameter is 3 A good maximum value is 40 beyond which no perceptible performance improvements are realized WARNING The space used to allocate buffers is derived from the system pool and the size of the system pool is governed by the build parameter DOSDATA SIZE IN KB If you have reduced this parameter s value substantially in the system build process make sure that enough space has been accounted for in the pool for the buffers to be allocated by the user The CHAIN command transfers control to another configuration file Because CONFIG SYS is r
30. E mm dd yy DEL Command Syntax DEL drive pathname Also DELETE drive pathname ERA drive pathname ERASE drive pathname DIR Command Syntax DIR drive path wildcard filename ECHO Command Syntax ECHO ONIOFFistring EXIT Command Syntax EXIT GOTO Command Syntax GOTO label IF Command Syntax IF NOT ERRORLEVEL n statement Also IF NOT EXIST filename statement MD Command Syntax MD drive path Also MKDIR drive path PATH Command General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 3 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 19 Syntax PATH path1 path2 path3 PAUSE Command Syntax PAUSE PROMPT Command Syntax PROMPT string RD Command Syntax RD drive path Also RMDIR drive path REM Command Syntax REM any comment REBOOT Command Syntax REBOOT REN Command Syntax REN drive path filespec filespec Also RENAME drive path filespec filespec SET Command Syntax SET keyword string SYNC Command Syntax SYNC Also SYNCH TIME Command Syntax TIME hh mm ss hh TYPE Command General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 20 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Syntax TYPE drive path filespec VER Command Syntax VER VERIFY Command Syntax VERIFY ONIOFF VOL Command Syntax VOL drive General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 4 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 21 Chapter 4 COMMAND REFERENCE LOADABLE COMMAND COM Embedde
31. ER key the system time is not changed If the user enters a new time then the system s real time clock is updated General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 74 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 If a parameter is specified then it must be in the form hh mm ss It is acceptable to omit the seconds The hours minutes and seconds are checked by TIME to ensure that they are reasonably correct Thus it is invalid to enter the time 99 88 77 since hours cannot be larger than 23 minutes cannot be greater than 59 and seconds cannot exceed 59 Example The following example displays the current time and changes it interactively A TIME Current time is 2 12 14 16 Enter new time 13 12 14 A gt TREE Command Function Displays directory structure of drive Type External Syntax TREE 4 F Parameters d Drive to display tree for F Displays filenames as well as directory names Description The TREE utility program displays the directory structure of a drive by recursively descending into each subdirectory until all of the directories are listed If the F option is specified then filenames of files in the directories are displayed as they are traversed If no drive letter is specified then the default drive is assumed otherwise the specified drive is scanned Example The following example displays the directory structure for drive D A TREE D TYPE Command Function
32. Embedded DOS ROM Full Featured ROMmable Disk Operating System User s Manual with Command Reference Copyright C zen 1999 General Software Inc All rights reserved EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual IMPORTANT NOTICES General Software the GS logo Embedded DOS Embedded DOS 6 XL Embedded BIOS Embedded DOS ROM Embedded LAN CodeProbe The Snooper and EtherProbe are trademarks of General Software Inc Other marks are the property of their respective holders Important Licensing Information IMPORTANT READ CAREFULLY BEFORE OPENING THIS PACKAGE BY OPENING THIS SEALED PACKAGE INSTALLING OR OTHERWISE USING THE SOFTWARE YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT DO NOT OPEN THE PACKAGE OR USE THIS SOFTWARE AND PROMPTLY RETURN THE UNOPENED SOFTWARE AND ANY ACCOMPANYING MATERIALS TO GENERAL SOFTWARE FOR A REFUND This License Agreement is a legal agreement between you and General Software Inc General for the General software product identified above which includes the computer software and any associated media and printed materials or electronic documentation collectively the Software GRANT OF LICENSE In consideration of the license fees paid to General and subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein General hereby grants you a nonexclusive nontransferable license the Adaptation License to use the Software and the
33. OM space and use it for other purposes such as the application If you ve purchased the binary version to start with and find that it would be useful to have the configurability of the Source code version call us if you need an upgrade The SYSTEM Disk contains the INSTALL BAT file that can be used to install the EMBEDDED DOS ROM Adaptation Kit software If a README TXT file is present the up to the minute instructions in that file should be used instead of the instructions in this Chapter The enclosed OEM License Agreement enables you to license binary adaptations of the EMBEDDED DOS ROM software Contact General Software for help with this form and for current pricing for the volume you are interested in We suggest that you begin the licensing process early so that you can take advantage of current rates The enclosed Technical Support Request TSR form should be used to submit technical support requests to General Software by FAX You may duplicate this form as needed to make multiple requests General has implemented a proprietary and sophisticated Product Support Database that allows tracking the nature content progress and history of each call made to or from our Product Support Group This allows any Support Technician to access the needed information should your situation require more than one call and the original Support Technician is not currently available to take your call or respond to your fax Also enclosed is a Product R
34. RE RYE P TERRE RE RIBERA oeusedsatedegassessadseteongansoees 5 2 3 DEVICE DRIVER REFERENCE 5 5 Poe Tree rone dus sates dee ee EU Ee Feo Sues fee bove Er E UR Pee pev Fee Eee ius Pene Ere PURUS tes dee rea nue do 8 MINI COMMAND REFERENCE iicccccssscssessscsssesescsesesesscesesess esessscsesesseesesessscsesesess esessscbesessessesesssscesesess esesseess 17 COMMAND REFERENCE Eisniiscssiecsctssteccicssdescstsioccscsstescscssdessscsstesssessdecsscssacscsessdestacssscsssessdeavsvssevsesesbevtvvc uteeess 21 4 1 BASIC WSER CONCEPTS ie e ao DOO Tr odi ede ME 21 4 1 1 Files Directories and Filenames ccccccessseesccccccsecesseeccccssscuvssececccssseusesesecesssseeueseeesesssseeeeseseseess 21 4 1 2 Wildcarded Filenames ssscccccosssssvvsssvcccecessvcccvcccensesusecscccceeeessuevsececceuensusesssvescesnssscesseceseeensacesssees 22 2 1 3 Pathinamess v ise cater oe sci mascotas t oue tei bett io ei Raatewbo cea Lob De ATTA tebe 23 4 1 4 The Current Directory uii ete elisa ten ei t ee ner 23 4 1 5 The Current Drivers ecicge sceccdcecdussies ccoscdededusoaceccetodavodusucesccetedudesssedenccedodusssesecceeduisdussseseevecdusosevesoaedeessweeges 24 41 6 Putting IAN Together oho pente deb eO RU RUE ne N E a A a a 24 4 1 7 Special Ellen mies s i nnne ee gen HDI DPI D HV a DR V E ED E NESES 25 4 2 STARTING AN EMBEDDED DOS ROM SESSION ssssseeccccecceeesseeccccceecauseseeecceeseeuanseeecccesesuunsseeeccesesaaaeeeeeees
35. SYS configuration file The specific commands supported by Embedded DOS ROM are described here 2 1 General Format of the CONFIG SYS File The standard format for CONFIG SYS files is a sequence of ASCII text lines where the total size of the CONFIG SYS file does not exceed 64KB Blank lines and lines starting with are ignored during CONFIG SYS processing Each line must end with a carriage return a line feed or both Control characters encountered on lines cause the remainder of the line to be unprocessed by Embedded DOS ROM except for I TAB CONFIG SYS is actually processed several times by Embedded DOS ROM during system initialization Each pass collects the proper information to initialize the system at its level For example all device drivers are loaded first before UMB statements can be processed or memory managers would not be able to initialize memory before that memory was linked into the system s memory arena 2 2 CONFIG SYS Commands Command The command is used to prefix any line in CONFIG SYS that is optional If is placed in front of any CONFIG SYS command Embedded DOS ROM will display the line and prompt the user to press Y if the line should be executed and N if it should be bypassed This allows optional execution of CONFIG SYS commands at the user s discretion General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 6 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual BREAK ONIOFF BUFFERS nnnn CHAIN filename
36. Selects a wide 5 up display of filenames IS Search subdirectories IV Select verbose listing B Select terse listing L Select lower case listing O Sort listing Description The DIR command displays the files and subdirectories in a directory on the specified drive If the drive is not specified then the default drive is assumed The DIR command can derive its operands either from the command line or from the DIRCMD environment variable or both The default switches are taken from the DIRCMD variable if it exists and the user may override those defaults with command line switches DIR uses the path operand to determine which files to list If the path is not specified then the current directory is assumed If the specified path is a directory name then all files in that directory are listed If the specified path is a wildcarded filename then all files matching the path specification are listed The P option can be used to pause the display after each screenful of directory listing This can be useful for displaying the contents of very large directories with hundreds of files The W option is used to generate a wide listing that omits the date time and size of each file s listing This makes room for several files to be listed on each line enabling 5 directory entries to be printed on each line The S option is used to search all subdirectories in the directory specified General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Man
37. T BAT General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 37 Z C gt COPY CON REPORT BAT echo We re done QUA C COPYIT thisfile dat theother dat One file copied We re done C CHDIR Command Function Displays or changes a drive s current directory Type Internal Syntax CHDIR d path Parameters d Drive letter to change display the current directory for path New current directory for the specified drive Description The CHDIR command abbreviated CD displays the current directory of the specified drive or can change the current directory of the specified drive If no drive is specified then the default drive is used Each volume in the system is assigned a drive letter by Embedded DOS ROM at system initialization time Each drive letter has associated with it a current directory pathname which is used internally by Embedded DOS ROM to interpret pathnames that are not fully specified When the system starts the current directory of each drive is initialized to the root directory V The current directory of a drive may be changed without changing to that drive itself by specifying a drive letter The current directory of the default drive may be changed by not specifying the drive letter If no parameters are specified then the current directory is displayed for the default drive If only a drive letter is specified then the current directory is d
38. This is accomplished by writing data directly to disk without temporarily storing it in a file system or disk driver cache If VERIFY is OFF then Embedded DOS ROM caches writes to files and defers the actual writing to disk enabling multiple writes to the same sectors to be served much faster The cache is automatically written to disk in the background during dead time when the disk is not busy This is accomplished with the multitasking threads and semaphores that the Embedded DOS ROM kernel supports Examples If no parameters are specified on the VERIFY command then the status of the VERIFY flag is displayed For example C gt VERIFY VERIFY is ON C If ON or OFF is specified then the VERIFY flag is set to that value For example C VERIFY OFF C VERIFY VERIFY is OFF C VOL Command Function Displays the volume label on a drive Type Internal Syntax VOL d Parameters d Drive or partition to display the volume label for Description The VOL command displays the volume label of a diskette or a hard disk partition much like the external LABEL utility program allows VOL does not allow the user to change the volume label If the drive letter is not specified then the default drive is assumed General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 77 XCOPY Command Function Copies groups of files and or subdirectories Type External Syntax XCOPY so
39. a and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 1988 MISCELLANEOUS This License Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between you and General regarding the Software This License Agreement is governed by the laws of the State of Washington and the United States of America without reference to its choice of law rules The provisions of the 1980 U N Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods shall not apply General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS csicscsssssctscsesscssssivscdevecdesscavisecdussivecsussesesduvessedssevivecbustivecdussivesdevesdedsistevesduesivectudsivestuvestess I EMBEDDED DOS ROM OPERATING SYSTEM eee eeeeeeeeee eese eese eee tete eee eee sees e eese eese eese eee esee eese eee eee 1 ABOUTLEMBEDDED DOS ROM 4 etc E te er be Pee steeds de heck n dee Eee Ee v Exe Ce eb e Ere e a ud sea te Ea iue 1 Choiceof Command Interpreters 5 dc eter tp eU RH RP HERE REESE 2 Automatic ROM Disk Detection ccccccccccccessessseecccccesseseccccsssceusssescesececeususesccessseeususesececssssssuuesscccssseuuneeeesess 2 DOS RepositiOnIng eq Dr RR e Dr DR REATUS CURAE DIR AREE E 3 CONFIG SYS ELM EOLT LO cr 5 2 1 GENERAL FORMAT OF THE CONFIG SY S FILE cccccssesccccccccccsssececccceeeeaaesecccceseeeaeeeecceeeseaaaeseececeessauaneeeeeees 5 22 CONFIG S YS COMMANDS 51 5 EE eR EER E Te NER E REX RA
40. accompanying documentation solely for your internal use to evaluate and adapt the Software for use in products manufactured by you Other than for the purpose of evaluating and adapting the Software for use with your products you may not reproduce or install copies of the Software Prior to distributing the Software in such products or installing the Software in the products for distribution you must enter into a separate license agreement with General for such installation and distribution and pay the applicable royalties SOURCE CODE Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein General grants you a nonexclusive nontransferable license to use portions of the source code for the Software for your internal use only for the sole purpose of adapting the Software to your products You will keep the source code under restricted access in a safe and secure place and shall take reasonable precautions and actions to protect the source code from unauthorized use or disclosure Such precautions and actions shall be at least as stringent as those you take to protect your own source code or other confidential information You will not disclose the source code to any person or entity without the prior written consent of General except that you may disclose the source code to your employees on a need to know basis provided such employees are contractually obligated to maintain the confidentiality of the source code The foregoing obligations will survive any ter
41. aditionally would run proprietary operating systems About EMBEDDED DOS ROM Your new EMBEDDED DOS ROM Adaptation Kit includes the following parts EMBEDDED DOS ROM Adaptation Guide this manual SYSTEM DISK contains INSTALL BAT Binary ready to run files for DISK or ROM booting Optional sources if you ve purchased the Source code version EMBEDDED DOS ROM OEM License Agreement Technical Support Request TSR form Product Registration form This manual will explain how to install the EMBEDDED DOS ROM Adaptation Kit software on your development system and how to create a bootable adaptation of EMBEDDED DOS ROM for your embedded application by configuring the binary version and the source versions If you did not purchase the Source code version then some portions of this manual relating to source code do not apply to you The purchase of the Source code version of this Adaptation Kit is really not a matter of price We ve priced the source code to be inexpensive enough that it can be purchased without reservation if needed The Source code gives the developer the ability to customize General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 2 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual EMBEDDED DOS ROM in many ways that the binary version cannot provide Perhaps most importantly the Source code version has source level options that can disable codepaths that would go unused in a closed embedded system making it possible to save valuable R
42. ailable from General by entering into a separate support agreement You acknowledge that except as may be expressly set forth in a separate written support agreement entered into by the parties GENERAL MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS OF ANY KIND WITH RESPECT TO THE RESULTS OR AVAILABILITY OF SUCH SUPPORT DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY You acknowledge that the Software and any accompanying materials are being furnished solely for evaluation and adaptation purposes Therefore THE SOFTWARE AND THE ACCOMPANYING MATERIALS ARE BEING PROVIDED AS IS AND GENERAL MAKES NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THE SOFTWARE EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED AND THERE IS EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE INDEMNIFICATION Without limiting the generality of any of the foregoing you acknowledge that the Software is not designed or intended to be used in connection with any product the operation use or malfunction of which could result in death or serious bodily harm and you agree to take full responsibility for the use of and results achieved from the incorporation of the Software into your products You agree to defend indemnify and hold harmless General and its officers directors employees and agents from and against any and all claims actions proceedings liabilities costs and expenses including without limitation reasonable attorneys fees arising out of a any representation warranty act or om
43. and 18 41 INDEX DEL Command 18 42 DELAY Command 43 DELTREE Command 44 DEVICE 6 DEVICEHIGH 6 7 DIR Command 18 45 DISKCOMP Command 47 DISKCOPY Command 48 E ECHO Command 48 ECHO 7 ERASE Command 49 EXIT Command 50 F FCBS 7 FDISK Command 51 file system cache 8 FILES 7 FIND Command 52 FOR Command 53 FORMAT Command 54 G GOTO Command 18 55 H hardened mode 8 HELP Command 55 HIMEM SYS Driver 9 10 I IF Command 56 INSTALL 7 INSTALLHIGH 7 INTERSVR Command 57 L LABEL Command 58 LASTDRIVE 7 General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 79 LOADHI Command 59 M MD Command 18 MEM Command 60 MKDIR Command 61 MODE Command 61 MORE Command 63 P PATH Command 18 64 PAUSE Command 19 65 performance 8 POWER SYS Driver 11 PROMPT Command 19 66 R RAMDISK SYS Driver 11 RD Command 19 REBOOT Command 19 REM Command 19 67 REM 7 REN Command 19 RENAME Command 67 RMDIR Command 68 ROMCLONE SYS Driver 13 ROMDRIVE SYS Driver 12 S SERDRIVE SYS Driver 14 SET Command 19 69 SHARE Command 70 SHELL 8 SHIFT Command 70 General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual SORT Command 71 stacks 7 STACKS 7 SWITCH Command 71 SYNC Command 19 SYNCH Command 72 73 system initialization 5 7 T TIME Command 19 73 TREE Command 74 TYPE Command 19 75 U UMBs
44. and the program runs with its own copy of the environment space Thus if it changes any variable values in its copy of the environment space it will not affect the environment space of the command interpreter when the program terminates The size of the environment space may be specified when invoking the COMMAND COM command processor See the COMMAND utility program documentation in this chapter for details Examples The following command sets the PROMPT variable to a new string that displays the current directory and a gt sign General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 70 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 C SET PROMPT p g C NPROGRAMS SHARE Command Function Does nothing in EDOS ROM Added for record locking support for MS DOS Type External Syntax SHARE Parameters none Description It serves as a placeholder for the SHARE command required in MS DOS systems to add support for record locking as it is not built in to the base kernel of MS DOS AII Starlite systems have file sharing and record locking built in so this command is provided solely to make installation batch files work if they test for the existence of SHARE SHIFT Command Function Allows access to multiple batch file arguments Type Internal Syntax SHIFT Parameters none Description The SHIFT command shifts the contents of the 9 batch file arguments so that 962 is copied into 1 3 is copied into 2 and so on The 9 v
45. arallel printer through an asynchronous COM port This allows printers attached to serial ports to be used transparently The fourth form changes the display mode as follows General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 63 e MONO Switches to monochrome TTL display e BW40 Switches to black and white 40 column display e BWS80 Switches to black and white 80 column display e C040 Switches to color 40 column display e CO80 Switches to color 80 column display e 40 Switches to 40 column display e 80 Switches to 80 column display Examples The following example shows how a dual monitor system can switch back and forth between two monitors C gt MODE MONO switch to monochrome screen C MODE CO80 switch to color screen The following example re routes LPT1 through the second COM port C MODE LPT1 COM2 Ce The following example disables any rerouting of LPT1 C MODE LPT1 C The following example sets up the second communications port for 9600 baud no parity 1 stop bit and 8 data bits Infinite retry is installed C gt MODE COM2 9600 N 8 1 P C MORE Command Function Displays output one screenful at a time Type External Syntax MORE lt filepath progpath MORE Parameters filepath Pathname of a file to be paged through progpath Name of a program to run Description The MORE utility program is a filter that ca
46. ard slash and is the one documented as the switch separator in all of the commands in this chapter General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 72 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 For compatibility with other operating systems this character can be changed to some other character for example a minus sign Because all of the utility programs use the operating system s switch character rather than a hard coded slash character they will all function with whatever switch character the user selects If no character is specified then the current switch character is displayed Examples The following example displays the current switch character C SWITCH SWITCH is C The following command changes the switch character to a minus sign C gt SWITCH C SYNCH Command Function Flushes all system file buffers for orderly shutdown Type Internal Syntax SYNCH Parameters none Description The SYNCH command provides a synchronization checkpoint feature that enables a batch file to flush the file system s buffers to disk before doing something that would otherwise cause a disorderly shutdown such as executing a PARK program that parks the disk heads or physically turning it off After the SYNCH command executes all buffers in the file system are guaranteed to be flushed until the next write caused by opening closing writing or otherwise affecting any file name space in the system
47. ariable is reset to the empty string SORT Command Function Sorts lines of text Type External Syntax SORT R n General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 71 Parameters R Input is to be sorted in reverse order n Starting column of field to sort on Description The SORT utility program is a filter that reads lines of text from standard input sorts them and writes the sorted file to standard output Piping or redirection is needed to make use of this utility If the R option is specified then a descending rather than ascending sort is performed If the n option is specified then the lines will be sorted on the field starting at column n and ending at the last column of each line read from standard input By default the file is sorted on column 1 The ability of SORT to handle large files is dependent on the amount of conventional memory available at the time SORT runs Examples The following example sorts a directory listing C DIR SORT The following command sorts a report by column 27 C SORT 27 lt JANUARY RPT SWITCH Command Function Displays or changes the option switch character Type Internal Syntax SWITCH character Parameters character Switch character to be used Description The SWITCH command allows the user to display or change the option switch character The default value for this character is the forw
48. automatically detects the processor type to determine how to scan the address space Example The following command scans for ROM images and creates drives for them automatically DEVICE ROMDRIVE SYS ROMCLONE SYS Driver Function ROM Emulator Type Utility device driver Syntax DEVICE ROMCLONE SYS FILE filename ext Parameters filename ext Specifies the name of the file containing a ROM image that is to be loaded into memory at the IMB address boundary Description The ROMCLONE SYS driver pre loads the RAM memory starting at the 1MB address boundary 100000h with the contents of the specified file Once this RAM has been initialized with what appears to be a ROM image of a disk it will be recognized as a ROM disk image by ROMDRIVE SYS This makes it easy to boot a Embedded DOS ROM system on a PC and test a ROM disk image without burning Flash or EPROM ROMCLONE SYS does not allow HIMEM SYS to function with it as it loads the file at the IMB address boundary ROMCLONE SYS modifies the BIOS data area to indicate that all of the memory above 1MB is unavailable to protect the integrity of the ROM disk In order to function properly ROMCLONE SYS must be loaded before ROMDRIVE SYS is loaded in CONFIG SYS Example General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 14 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual The following commands load a disk image from a file called DISK into RAM and then treats it as a ROM disk
49. bytes but less than 32 768 bytes If the X option is specified then the user can cause COMMAND COM to not swap itself to extended memory when attempting to run a program This may be desired when using SHELL for the primary command interpreter if TSRs are to be loaded from within batch files Without specifying this option in this scenario a new copy of COMMAND COM is loaded after each TSR is invoked wasting space unnecessarily If the P option is specified then COMMAND will not allow the EXIT statement to terminate the shell Instead the EXIT command does nothing when typed on the keyboard This option is not intended for user application instead it is used by Embedded DOS ROM to tell the command shell to remain in memory when EXIT is typed If the C option is specified then COMMAND loads into memory and executes the specified string as a command The prompt is not displayed and COMMAND terminates as soon as the specified command string is finished executing Example The following example runs the CHKDSK utility within another process and then returns C COMMAND C CHKDSK B COPY Command Function Copies one or more files or directories Type Internal Syntax COPY d path1 d path2 V A B R Parameters d Drive to copy files from to path1 File s or directory to copy from path2 Target pathname s or directory IN Disables the write behind cache during the copy A Copies ASCII files up
50. core CPU Example The following command loads POWER SYS DEVICE POWER SYS RAMDISK SYS Driver Function Low Memory Real Mode RAM Disk Type Block device driver Syntax DEVICE RAMDISK SYS KBTOUSE nnn Parameters nnn Specifies the number of kilobytes of main low memory to allocate for the RAM disk This memory is taken away from the lower 640KB memory used for applications Description The RAMDISK SYS driver provides emulation of a floppy disk drive of arbitrary size in low memory Embedded DOS ROM assigns the next available drive letter to the RAM disk Example The following command installs a 128KB RAM drive in the system DEVICE RAMDISK SYS KBTOUSE 128 General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 12 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual VDISK SYS Driver Function Extended Memory Protected Mode RAM Disk Type Block device driver Syntax DEVICE ZVDISK SYS KBTOUSE nnn Parameters nnn Specifies the number of kilobytes of extended memory to allocate for the RAM disk This memory is the same memory that HIMEM S YS uses as well so specifying a smaller number here results in more extended memory becoming available for XMS clients Description The VDISK SYS driver provides emulation of a floppy disk drive of arbitrary size in extended memory Embedded DOS ROM assigns the next available drive letter to the RAM disk Example The following command installs a 512KB RAM dr
51. ctually sets the real time clock in the workstation if one exists In AT class machines it updates the battery maintained clock so that the new date will be remembered across power downs Example The following example displays the current date and prompts the user for a new date The user can press the ENTER key to keep the date the way it is C DATE Current date is Fri 03 03 96 Enter new date mm dd yy DEL Command Function Deletes one or more files Type Internal Syntax DEL d path Parameters d Drive on which the files are to be deleted path Wildcarded pathname of files to be deleted R Recursively deletes files in subdirectories Description The DEL synonym ERASE command deletes one or more files from a file system on a specified drive If the specified path is a directory all files in that directory will be deleted General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 43 If path contains wildcards then all files that match the wildcarded specification will be deleted If the R option is specified then DEL will recursively descend into each subdirectory specified in the path and delete a files in the subdirectories The subdirectories themselves are also deleted when this option is specified If DEL is asked to delete a whole directory of files then it asks the user to verify that it is okay to do so with the prompt Are you sure Y N Warning Yo
52. d DOS ROM comes with a COMMAND COM command interpreter that processes intrinsic commands such as COPY external commands such as CHKDSK and batch files such as AUTOEXEC BAT This section presents the set of intrinsic and external commands supported by COMMAND COM and its associated utilities 4 1 Basic User Concepts Throughout the rest of this section we will refer to various terms that have a specific meaning beyond their normal English meaning You should be familiar with these terms and their associated concepts before using Embedded DOS ROM commands 4 1 1 Files Directories and Filenames Embedded DOS ROM allows you to create delete and manipulate objects called files Files contain zero one or more bytes of information and are stored electronically on floppy diskettes hard disks laserdisk or other storage media Every file has a name or filename and these names are stored in special system files called directories Files may be created and duplicated with the COPY command The DEL and ERASE commands are used to delete files Directories can be created deleted and manipulated with the Embedded DOS ROM command processor The DIR command can be used to list the contents of a directory The MKDIR command makes a new directory and the RMDIR removes a directory General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 22 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Directories also have names and these names are stored along with other f
53. d on a 256KB address boundary The entire 64MB address space is scanned for General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 1 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 3 ROM disk images To be recognized ROM disk images must have a valid boot record with a BIOS Parameter Block BPB and a 55h aah signature at the end of the boot record DOS Repositioning Embedded DOS ROM can automatically move itself into VGA memory UMB memory or extended memory to free up low memory for application software This is done with DOS VGA DOS UMB and DOS HIGH statements in CONFIG SYS respectively If more than one of these CONFIG SYS commands is specified then as many components of Embedded DOS ROM are moved as possible into the auxiliary areas The DOS VGA command provides a full 64KB of low DOS memory if the underlying chipset supports it The DOSZUMB command provides UMBs between segment C800h and F000h at the chipset s discretion The DOS HIGH command provides a 64KB area at the start of extended memory that can be used to move the DOS kernel high This area is not made available to application software although if this command is not used and HIMEM SYS is used it can be made available to application software through the XMS software API General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 2 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 5 Chapter 2 CONFIG SYS STATEMENTS Embedded DOS ROM allows the OEM to configure it at boot time through the CONFIG
54. e filenames for itself In all systems the following filenames are actually names of devices in the system and cannot be used as filenames or pathnames to name your own files CON Console keyboard and screen AUX First serial port PRN First printer port NUL Null device COM1 First serial port COM2 Second serial port COM3 Third serial port COMA Fourth serial port LPT1 First parallel port LPT2 Second parallel port LPT3 Third parallel port CLOCKS The system clock device These names may be used when referring to these devices however you cannot name your files by these names For example if you wanted to copy data from a file called README TXT to the printer connected to the first parallel port you could use the following Embedded DOS ROM command C COPY README TXT LPT1 Similarly if you wanted to type some data from the console s keyboard into a file called MYFILE DAT you could use the following sequence C COPY CON MYFILE DAT The men of the town go to the little island to find coal for their city They go down to the dock at eight and fight for a cozy Spot on the prow of the boat Z C Afterwards you could use the following command to display the contents of the file C TYPE MYFILE DAT The men of the town go to the little island General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 26 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual
55. e the ECHO command with a non empty string to be displayed The special form of the ECHO command with a period immediately following the word ECHO no intervening space causes a blank line to be echoed Examples The following example displays the current setting of the ECHO flag C ECHO ECHO is ON C The following example displays the user message Starting file copies on the screen when executed in a batch file ECHO Starting file copies ERASE Command Function Deletes one or more files Type Internal Syntax ERA SE d path Parameters General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 50 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 d Drive on which the files are to be deleted path Wildcarded pathname of files to be deleted R Recursively deletes files in subdirectories Description The ERASE synonym DEL command deletes one or more files from a file system on a specified drive If the specified path is a directory all files in that directory will be deleted If path contains wildcards then all files that match the wildcarded specification will be deleted If the R option is specified then ERASE will recursively descend into each subdirectory specified in the path and delete a files in the subdirectories The subdirectories themselves are also deleted when this option is specified If ERASE is asked to delete a whole directory of files then it asks the user to verify that it is okay to do
56. ead in several passes the CHAIN statement takes effect after all of the statements in CONFIG SYS have been processed Subsequent CHAIN commands override earlier ones A common use of this command is to optionally execute several additional commands as an optional group by using the character in front of the CHAIN command The COMMENT command is used to add structured comments to the CONFIG SYS file The COUNTRY command sets the country code so that the DOSCOUNTRYINFO service can return this value to application programs The DEVICE command loads a specified file as a device driver either character or block in the system The DEVICEHIGH command loads a specified file as a device driver in upper memory such as a UMB where it does not consume memory in the lower 640KB area The DOS VGA command instructs Embedded DOS ROM to request the underlying chipset hardware to enable shadow RAM at segment AQOOh so that it can be reclaimed for DOS or for application software General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 2 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 7 DOS UMB The DOS UMB command instructs Embedded DOS ROM to request the underlying chipset hardware to enable shadow RAM in unused memory address space between segments C800h and E000h so that it can be reclaimed for DOS or for application software DOS HIGH The DOS HIGH command instructs Embedded DOS ROM to attempt to acquire the 64KB memory block at the 1MB address marker f
57. egistration form that should be completed and mailed immediately This information is needed for technical support and also makes you eligible to receive upgrades and access General Software s on line services Choice of Command Interpreters Embedded DOS ROM can be configured to run a mini version of COMMAND COM directly from ROM as a part of Embedded DOS ROM image itself This eliminates the need for a ROM disk to load COMMAND COM from and allows the OEM to perform basic program loading and file management functions at the command line It also provides AUTOEXEC BAT support to allow embedded applications to be loaded from a startup batch file If Embedded DOS ROM is not configured to run its Mini COMMAND COM then it can load its larger run from RAM COMMAND COM from a drive of your choosing While the Mini COMMAND COM is quite limited in syntax and support of command options so that ROM space is preserved the full COMMAND COM supports a full set of DOS intrinsic commands and supports other desktop features such as piping and redirection Automatic ROM Disk Detection If your system has a ROM disk image installed in ROM as a linear array not paged then the Embedded DOS ROM kernel can automatically scan for it while booting and present that disk as drive A This eliminates the need for extra ROM extension software to occupy valuable upper memory blocks that can be used for DOS application memory instead The ROM disk image must be locate
58. en performed This is useful in instances where for example diskettes must be changed before continuing PAUSE displays the following message on the screen before accepting a keypress from the user Strike any key when ready Example The following example prints a message and waits for the user to press a key before continuing General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 66 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 C PAUSE Insert your disk in drive A now Insert your disk in drive A now Strike any key when ready C PROMPT Command Function Changes the current command shell prompt Type Internal Syntax PROMPT string Parameters string Prompt string to be used by COMMAND COM Description The PROMPT command maintains the PROMPT environment variable that is used by COMMAND COM to display something before the user is asked to type in a command The prompt string contains metacharacters that form a simple language shown in a table below The default PROMPT variable is n g This has the effect of showing the current drive letter followed by a greater than sign A If no string is specified then the prompt is reset to the default prompt above Otherwise the prompt string is changed for the next command prompting The metacharacters supported by Embedded DOS ROM are the same ones that are supported by MS DOS They are shown in Table 3 1 Metacharacter Displayed as Dollar sign Sy
59. escape sequences emitted by programs that require an ANSI terminal in order to clear the screen position the cursor and perform other screen oriented tasks When these escape sequences are detected they are translated by ANSI SYS to the appropriate cursor positioning video BIOS requests EMM386 EXE Driver Function Extended Memory Manager Type Character device driver Syntax DEVICE EMM386 EXE V X aaaa bbbb I aaaa bbbb N aaaa bbbb Parameters aaaa Specifies a 16 bit segment address that is the lower bound of a range of addresses bbbb Specifies a 16 bit segment address that is the upper bound of a range of addresses Description The EMM386 EXE driver is used to provide the system with backfilled memory in otherwise unused areas between 640KB and IMB EMM386 EXE does this as a virtual control program by switching the processor into V86 mode so that DOS and applications run at ring 3 least privileged mode of the processor while EMM386 operates at ring 0 most privileged mode of the processor The mechanism that maps the memory into the UMBs is the CPU s paging hardware managed by EMM386 EXE Note that because this mapping occurs within the CPU itself it will not provide memory which can be available to DMA based hardware only to accesses made directly within the CPU itself This EMM386 EXE driver does not provide all the programming services that Microsoft s EMM386 EXE driver does Instead it only provides backfilling
60. gress of CHKDSK as its operations commence Before terminating CHKDSK reports general statistics about the file system s storage capacity and the amount of space used by different types of file system objects such as directories files hotfix areas and so on CLS Command Function Clears the screen Type Internal Syntax CLS Parameters none Description The CLS command clears the workstation s screen and resets the cursor position to the upper left hand corner of the screen The next prompt is issued on the top line of the screen COMMAND Command Function Runs the Embedded DOS ROM command shell Type External Syntax COMMAND E nnnn P X C string Parameters nnnnn Maximum environment size in bytes string Command with arguments to execute Description General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 40 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 The COMMAND program utility is a command shell that actually runs as an application program When Embedded DOS ROM boots it runs COMMAND as the default shell unless the user places a SHELL statement in the CONFIG SYS file that directs Embedded DOS ROM to another shell program COMMAND reads commands one per typed line from standard input and writes its messages to standard output If the E option is specified then the user can change the environment size to be used while the command processor is executing The environment should be greater than 128
61. h file or program however some programs may not provide adequate safeguards against break ins by the console user Turning the flag OFF improves the protection of running batch files and programs but makes it very difficult to terminate them if they run away Examples If no parameters are specified on the BREAK command then the status of the BREAK flag is displayed For example C BREAK BREAK is ON C If ON or OFF is specified then the BREAK flag is set to that value For example C BREAK OFF C BREAK BREAK is OFF C CALL Command Function Executes pre recorded list of commands as a subroutine Type Internal Syntax CALL d pathname parameterl parameter2 Parameters d Drive letter on which the specified batch file resides pathname Pathname of a file containing list of commands parameterl parameter2 optional parameters Description The CALL command invokes a batch file but unlike simply specifying the batch file s name as the command CALL instructs the command processor to treat the batch file as a subroutine that will return to the currently executing batch file upon return Normally when batch files are invoked they chain but do not call each other in this way The following example illustrates how the CALL command can be used within a batch file to call another batch file to perform some work and then return to the original batch file C COPY CON COPYIT BAT copy 1 2 call REPOR
62. ied batch file resides pathname Pathname of a file containing list of commands parameterl parameter2 optional parameters Description A batch file is a text file that contains zero one or more lines each containing a valid Embedded DOS ROM command as it would be typed manually at the system prompt Once these commands are recorded in a batch file with a text editor for example the entire sequence of commands may be executed by simply using to the batch file s name as a command name Batch files must always have a BAT extension When invoking the batch file the extension is not used as a part of the command Up to ten parameters may be passed to a batch file by simply including them as parameters to the command name Embedded DOS ROM automatically assigns them General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 35 special numeric names that can be used in commands that are inside the batch file When the commandis in the batch file are executed by the Embedded DOS ROM command processor the special names are automatically expanded to the names you specify on the command line The names of the parameters consist of a percent sign followed by a number starting from 1 for the first one For example C COPY CON COPYIT BAT copy 1 2 AA C gt COPYIT thisfile dat theother dat One file copied C Environment variables may also be passed to batch files through a similar synta
63. ied in raw mode the entire files are copied without regard to their contents This is the default when files are not concatenated If the R option is specified then COPY recursively descends into the source file list copying all of the subdirectories and their contents to the target This option works similarly to the XCOPY command except that it works without loading another program Examples The following command copies the Embedded DOS ROM system file DOS SYS from drive A to the root directory of drive C C COPY A DOS SYS C DOS SYS One file copied C The following command copies the Embedded DOS ROM COMMAND COM shell from the current directory of drive A to the current directory of drive C C COPY A COMMAND COM One file copied C DATE Command Function Displays or changes the date General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 42 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 Type Internal Syntax DATE mm dd yy Parameters mm dd yy New date to set the workstation s clock to Description The DATE command displays the current date month day date and year on the screen If a user specifies a new date on the command line then DATE will change the date to the one specified Embedded DOS ROM checks the date to ensure that it is reasonably correct For example February 31 does not exist therefore Embedded DOS ROM would reject 02 31 96 because February does not contain 31 days This command a
64. ile simply follow the program s name and arguments with a gt symbol and the pathname to which output should be written For example if we wanted to save a directory listing to a file called SAVEDIR TXT we could do this C DIR SAVEDIR TXT Ce Similarly we could use the SORT command to collect lines of text from the keyboard and write the sorted results to a file called SORTED TXT General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 28 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual C SORT SORTED TXT This is the first line The second line The last line OT One file copied C To redirect the input of a program such as SORT for example just follow the command with a lt symbol and follow it with the name of the file from which input should be read Suppose we wanted to sort our directory we created by redirecting DIR s output into SAVEDIR TXT Let s redirect SORT s input to that file and let the output go to the screen C SORT SAVEDIR TXT 8 File s 5230592 bytes free Directory of C SRC EDOSROM DOC Volume in drive C has no label DIR 1 23 96 4 08p i lt DIR gt 1 23 96 4 08p ARCH DOC 483840 11 07 95 1 09p NORMAL BAK 1024 2 03 96 4 34p NORMAL STY 1024 2 03 96 4 35p SAVEDIR TXT 12 3 2 03 96 10 52 USER BAK 160256 2 03 96 10 35p USER DOC 162816 2 03 96 10 52p Finally both the input and output streams of a program may be redirected Suppose
65. iles names The master directory is named pronounced root The root directory contains files and subdirectories as do all of those subdirectories Filenames and directory names can be typed in uppercase or lowercase letters and can also include special symbols such as amp and as well as numbers For DOS compatible file systems filenames follow a rigid format that is a carry over from the days of CP M and MS DOS filename ext where filename is a 1 to 8 character name and ext is a 0 to 3 character extension to the name Both parts are separated by a period when the extension is specified When no extension is specified the period is not necessary but may be specified 4 1 2 Wildcarded Filenames Normally filenames and directory names refer to exactly one file for example when creating a directory with MKDIR and deleting files with DEL Some commands such as COPY DIR and DEL allow the use of a special form of a filename that lets you specify that some parts of the filename are don t cares These don t care symbols and are called wildcards The wildcard character can be used in place of any character in the name or extension parts of a filename and tells Embedded DOS ROM that you mean all files that match the filename without regard to that character For example BILL DOC OPUS DOC BILLCAT TXT FDISK COM BASIC EXE BANANA BILLFOLD are all valid filenames and al
66. isplayed for the specified drive Examples The following command displays the current directory of the default drive C CHDIR General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 38 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EN C The following command changes the current directory of the current drive to the WINDOWS subdirectory under the root directory C CHDIR WINDOWS C The following command changes the current directory of drive E to the root top level directory C CHDIR E C CHKDSK Command Function Analyzes and maintains file system integrity Type External Syntax CHKDSK d pathname F V Parameters d Drive letter containing file system to inspect pathname Wildcarded pathname of files to analyze for contiguity F Fixes or corrects any file system errors IV Displays each file as it is analyzed by CHKDSK Description The CHKDSK utility program analyzes the file system residing on a drive to determine if it contains structural errors At the user s option CHKDSK can be instructed to correct the structural errors If no parameters are specified then CHKDSK inspects the default drive but does not check any files contiguity nor does it fix any structural problems CHKDSK displays a list of structural errors as they are found and performs no corrective action If a drive letter is specified then CHKDSK will operate on the specified drive Because Embedded DOS
67. iss your products or the Software or b the use of or inability to use your products or the Software incorporated therein or distributed therewith ion made by you in connection with LIMITATION OF LIABILITY IN NO EVENT SHALL GENERAL BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INCIDENTAL INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES WHATSOEVER INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS PROFITS BUSINESS INTERRUPTION LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION OR ANY OTHER PECUNIARY LOSS ARISING OUT OF THIS ADAPTATION LICENSE OR THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE EVEN IF GENERAL HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES IN NO EVENT SHALL GENERAL S LIABILITY UNDER THIS ADAPTATION LICENSE OR RELATED TO THE SOFTWARE WHETHER IN TORT CONTRACTS OR OTHERWISE EXCEED THE AMOUNTS PAID TO GENERAL FOR THIS ADAPTATION LICENSE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT ACQUISITION By accepting delivery of this Software the Government hereby agrees that this Software qualifies as commercial computer software as that term is used in the acquisition regulation applicable hereto To the maximum extent possible under federal law the Government will be bound by the commercial terms and conditions contained in this license The following additional statement applies only to procurements governed by DFARS Subpart 227 4 1988 Restricted Rights Use duplication and disclosure by the Government is subject to restriction as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Dat
68. ive in the system DEVICE VDISK SYS KBTOUSE 512 ROMDRIVE SYS Driver Function Protected Mode ROM Disk Type Block device driver Syntax DEVICE ROMDRIVE SYS Parameters none Description The ROMDRIVE SYS driver automatically scans the address space starting at IMB 100000h in 256KB increments looking for valid boot records If found this driver creates a new drive that corresponds with that ROM disk image in ROM ROMDRIVE SYS creates as many drives as it can find ROM images in the address space above 1MB up to a maximum of 10 drives in the system If the address space has double mappings i e the hardware maps the same ROM into several physical addresses then multiple identical drives will be created the extra ones can be ignored General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 2 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 13 While ROMDRIVE SYS is normally used in an embedded system to map a drive to an image of a disk in ROM it can also be used in conjunction with ROMCLONE SYS to test out a ROM disk image directly on a PC without burning a ROM see ROMCLONE SYS for details To change the increment by which ROMDRIVE SYS scans the code can be found in the DRIVERS directory of the FULL SOURCE Adaptation Kit Note that ROMDRIVE SYS scans the full address space above 1MB on each processor The 286 processor has a 16MB address space while the 386 and above processors have a 4 2GB address space ROMDRIVE SYS
69. l of them but OPUS DOC and FDISK COM start with the letter B letter B If you wanted all files that have an extension of DOC then you could use 27 77 77 7 77 7 DOC Similarly you could refer to all files namely BANANA and BILLFOLD that have no extensions by specifying the following wildcarded filename that has a period but no extension 0200770777 Because it is common to want to fill out the remainder of either the name or extension parts of a wildcarded filename with the wildcard character Embedded DOS ROM provides the wildcard character to serve as a shorthand wildcard This character instructs Embedded DOS ROM to wildcard the remainder of the name or the extension depending on which field contains General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 4 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 23 the character Thus the following wildcarded filename specifies all files that begin with the letter B Bese Similarly you could refer to all files that have a DOC extension with the following notation DOC 4 1 3 Pathnames Embedded DOS ROM stores filenames in directories and those directories can contain subdirectories Even so the directory that contains all of the other files and subdirectories on a disk is the root directory This allows you to organize your files by using subdirectories that form a tree of directories and files For example if you have a word processor program and a spreadshee
70. l path2 path3 path4 pathn where path is the first directory to search for programs and batch files in path2 is the next directory and so on When COMMAND COM tries to run a program or batch file it first looks in the current directory of the default drive and then looks through all of the General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 65 named directories in the PATH environment variable until the program or batch file is located You may also change your PATH variable with the SET command documented later in this chapter Both commands have the same effect although using the PATH command without operands to display the current path is easier than scanning through the output from the SET command to accomplish the same thing Examples The following example shows the current path C PATH PATH C NDOS D NUTILS c gt The following example sets the current path to first look in the DOS directory of drive C and then in the PROGRAMS directory on the default drive C PATH C NDOS NPROGRAMS c gt PAUSE Command Function Pauses to allow for user intervention Type Internal Syntax PAUSE message Parameters message An optional message to be displayed before pausing Description The PAUSE command is typically used in batch files to suspend execution of the batch file print a message on the screen and wait for the user to press a key after some action has be
71. le that would produce a directory listing of every argument that you pass on the command line a super directory batch file you might code the following lines BIGLOOP IF 1 GOTO ALLDONE DIR SHIFT GOTO BIGLOOP EXIT Another way of doing this might be oe oe 1 2 3 4 oe oe 6 oe 7 oe 8 oe oe oe oe oe o9 oe FOR 5 N 9 DO DIR However the process is done batch files can be powerful tools that automate daily chores Once properly debugged batch files can eliminate the human errors involved in backing up data and many other tedious chores General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 31 Chapter 7 ALPHABETICAL LIST OF COMMANDS The remainder of this chapter describes each Embedded DOS ROM command in great detail Commands are categorized into two classes External and Internal External commands are actually separate utility programs supplied with Embedded DOS ROM They are loaded and run by the command processor when you type their name Internal commands are built into the command processor and do not run any programs Command Function Define Batch File Label Type Internal Syntax label Parameters label Batch file label name Description The command marks a point of execution in a batch file with a name or label that can be used by the GOTO co
72. ltered within the directory in which they reside General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 68 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 Wildcards may be used in the second pathname to indicate that the characters in that component of the first filename are to be kept as is For example to rename the file JANUARY RPT to JANUARY SAV you could use the following command to avoid typing JANUARY twice C RENAME JANUARY RPT SAV C Example The following example renames all of the files with WKS extensions in the current directory of the default drive to have BAK extensions instead C REN WKS BAK C RMDIR Command Function Removes a subdirectory Type Internal Syntax RMDIR d path Parameters d Drive to remove the directory from path Pathname of the directory to be removed Description The RMDIR command abbreviated RD removes a subdirectory of a root directory or of a subdirectory This command can only be used to delete directories and cannot be used to delete files even if they are inside the directory to be removed Conversely the DEL command cannot delete directories only the files they contain If a drive is specified then the directory on the specified drive is removed Otherwise the default drive is assumed A pathname of the directory to be removed must be given Examples The following example removes a subdirectory of the current directory on the default drive called JOE
73. mination of this Adaptation License PROPRIETARY RIGHTS This Software is licensed to you not sold and is protected by copyright laws and international treaty provisions All title copyrights and other proprietary rights in and to the Software the accompanying printed materials and any copies thereof are owned by General No title to the Software or any copy thereof or any associated proprietary rights are transferred to you by this license DESCRIPTION OF OTHER RIGHTS AND LIMITATIONS You may not copy use or distribute all or any portion of the Software or the accompanying printed material except as expressly permitted herein You may not reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the Software nor may you modify the Software except as necessary to adapt the Software for use with your products You may not sell assign rent lease or lend the Software TERMINATION Without prejudice to any other rights or remedies General may terminate this Adaptation License if you breach any of the terms and conditions of this License Agreement In such event you must destroy and or erase all copies of the Software and all of its component parts SUPPORT For a period of thirty 30 days from the date you acquired this Software General will provide subject to availability up to 5 hours of telephone support to assist you with questions regarding the installation and adaptation of the Software If additional support is desired a variety of support plans are av
74. mmand to transfer control to the point in the batch file Looping and conditional execution with the IF command are possible through the use of labels defined with this command Lines containing a label definition may not contain another command itself label definitions must occupy their own command line General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 32 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 In interactive mode label definitions are simply ignored Example The following command language fragment might be used in a batch file to loop repeatedly through all of the batch file s arguments MAINLOOP IF S1 GOTO EXIT F EXIST 1 ECHO The file 1 exists SHIFT GOTO MAINLOOP EXIT Command Function Disables Echo on Command Execution Type Internal Syntax command Parameters command Embedded DOS ROM command to be executed Description The command executes the specified command in a batch file without echoing the prompt or the command itself even when the ECHO flag is OFF The everyday use of this command is to disable the echoing of the ECHO OFF command at the start of a batch file The command does not change the status of the ECHO flag Itself however Example The following command might be placed at the beginning of a batch file to disable all echo output within the batch file QECHO OFF ASK Command Function Prompts for and accepts operator in
75. n be used by itself or in a pipeline see examples above to view a file or the output of a program one screenful at a time After General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 64 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 each screenful MORE pauses and waits for the user to press a key after which the next screenful of information is displayed Examples The following examples show how the contents of a file may be typed out pausing between each screenful of 24 lines Either command will achieve the same effect C TYPE MYFILE DAT MORE C MORE MYFILE DAT The following example shows how you can combine DIR and MORE to achieve the same effect as the DIR P command C DIR MORE The following example shows how a fictitious user report generator program might be run piping the results into the MORE filter C MYREPORT MORE PATH Command Function Displays or sets the current path Type Internal Syntax PATH pathlist Parameters pathlist List of directory paths to search Description The PATH command displays or changes the current search path that is used by the command processor COMMAND COM to locate user programs and batch files If no pathlist parameter is specified then the current path is displayed If a pathlist parameter is specified then the path will be changed to the one specified The current path is actually stored as an environment variable in the form PATH path
76. n t find a program name in the current directory C SET PATH C GS 4 4 5 Batch Files General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 30 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Embedded DOS ROM lets you store one or more commands in files with a special extension BAT These files are called batch files By entering the filename of the batch file as a command the command processor can run the commands in the file for you automatically Batch files can be very simple or extremely complex A very simple batch file might delete all of the temporary files in the current directory that have a TMP extension C COPY CON DELTEMP BAT del tmp Z One file copied C DELTEMP the batch file is run C To provide more flexibility you can pass parameters to batch files on the command line These parameters are made available in the form of special variable names namely 961 2 963 4 965 966 7 8 and 969 For example if you wanted to implement a batch file that would move a file across directories or drives the RENAME command cannot do this as it is not strictly a renaming process you might code the following lines in a batch file called MOVE BAT COPY 1 2 DEL 1 Sometimes you need to process a variable number of arguments on a batch file s command line This requires a way to loop through all of the arguments and processing them until an empty one is found For example if you wanted to implement a batch fi
77. ndition Type Internal Syntax IF NOT condition command Parameters condition Condition that must be satisfied command Command to be executed if condition is TRUE Description The IF command causes a command to be executed if or if NOT a condition is TRUE The condition can take any of three forms e Testing the value of ERRORLEVEL ERRORLEVEL level This condition is TRUE when the last external command returned the specified status See DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP for examples of two commands that do this General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 57 e Testing the existence of a file EXIST d path filename ext This condition is TRUE only if the specified file exists e Testing equivalence of two strings stringl string2 This condition is TRUE when string is lexically the same as string2 If multiple words separated by spaces tabs or other separators are needed then you should place the strings in quotes as follows string1 string2 Examples The following command prints The file exists if the file TEST DAT exists C IF EXIST TEST DAT ECHO The file exists The file exists C gt The following command tests if the previous DISKCOPY command was successful or not C gt IF ERRORLEVEL 0 ECHO The copy was successful The copy was successful C This command compares the first batch file argument in a batch file with a
78. o add structured comments to the CONFIG SYS file STACKS nnnn The STACKS command sets the number of INT 21h stacks allocated by Embedded DOS ROM during system initialization By default Embedded DOS ROM allocates 5 stacks each taking 2K bytes of memory INT 21h stacks are used as a safe context to run INT 21h activities inside the kernel Note that even the act of launching a program with INT 21h function 4bh uses a stack so it may become General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 8 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual necessary to increase STACKS if many TSRs are to be loaded into the system If insufficient stacks remain in the system for an INT 21h service to be executed the system might appear to stall SHELL progname The SHELL command specifies the initial program to load when all system initialization has completed By default the shell program name is dNCOMMAND COM If you wish to have your own program loaded in place of COMMAND COM use the SHELL command and specify the program name including the full path and extension COM or EXE UMB xxxx The UMB command specifies the hexadecimal segment address of an upper memory block UMB made available by a memory manager Using the UMB command registers the memory block with the Embedded DOS ROM arena manager enabling programs to acquire the memory through standard DOS services and C Library services that call the DOS services i e malloc This command should only be used
79. or its own data structures freeing up low memory for application software This statement cannot be used if HIMEM SYS is to be loaded as the two methods manage high memory differently ECHOzany text The ECHO command is used to display a message to the console during CONFIG S YS processing FCBS nnnn The FCBS command remains for compatibility with MS DOS CONFIG SYS files it has no effect on operation of the system Embedded DOS ROM dynamically allocates system structures in response to application requests FILES nnnn The FILES command remains for compatibility with MS DOS CONFIG SYS files it has no effect on operation of the system Embedded DOS ROM dynamically allocates system structures in response to application requests INSTALL progname The INSTALL command loads a specified file as a program as though it were executed in AUTOEXEC BAT This allows programs such as TSRs to be run without requiring COMMAND COM or an AUTOEXEC BAT file SMARTDRV EXE is commonly loaded with this command INSTALLHIGH progname The INSTALLHIGH command loads a specified file as a program in upper memory such as a UMB where it does not consume memory in the lower 640KB area LASTDRIVE d The LASTDRIVE command specifies the last drive letter to be used by DOS for its own purposes Drive letters after this one are typically managed by network redirectors such as Novel NetWare The default last drive is E REMwzany text The REM command is used t
80. path V C N Parameters d Drive on which the files to be searched reside path Wildcarded pathname of files to be scanned IV Displays every line that does not contain the string IC Counts the number of lines that contain the string N Numbers lines that are displayed Description The FIND utility program is used to scan a set of files for a text string line by line If no extra options V C or N are specified then FIND simply displays each line that matches as they are found If the V option is specified then FIND searches for lines that do not contain the specified text string If the C option is specified then FIND counts the number of matches or mismatches if V is specified that occur and the number is displayed instead of the matching lines If the N option is specified then FIND displays line numbers in front of each matching or mismatching line as they are printed FIND is a member of a family of utilities known as filters that accept volumes of data and transform the data somehow producing modified reduced or resulting data on output Filters are frequently connected together in the form of a pipeline as discussed in the section on piping and redirection in this user s guide Examples The following example displays all the lines in the file PHONE TXT that contain the string George Bush C gt FIND George Bush PHONE TXT General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual
81. put interactively Type Internal Syntax ASK varname string General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 33 Parameters varname Environment variable to set string Prompt string Description The ASK command displays the specified string on the console and waits for the operator to type a line of input at the prompt When the operator presses the carriage return ASK stores the typed in text into the specified environment variable so that it may be inspected by an IF statement or a program Example C ASK COLOR What color do you want What color do you want RED C SET COMSPEC C COMMAND COM PATH C DOS COLOR RED C ATTRIB Command Function Displays sets or resets file attributes Type External Syntax ATTRIB R R A A d pathname Parameters R The file is marked read only R The file is marked read write A The file is marked for archiving A The file is marked as unmodified d Drive letter on which the specified files reside pathname Wildcarded pathname of files to affect or display attributes for Description The ATTRIB utility program displays the attributes for a set of files or can be used to change the read only and archive attributes of the files If none of the R R A or A parameters are specified then the attributes of the specified files are displayed If the R parameter is specified then the files are marked
82. re returned Successful comparison Compare error Operator abort Hard error disk unformatted etc Invalid parameters or insufficient memory available KRWNrR Example The following example compares the diskette in drive A with the diskette in drive B C gt DISKCOMP A B General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 48 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 DISKCOPY Command Function Copies one floppy diskette to another diskette Type External Syntax DISKCOPY d1 d2 1 Parameters dl Specifies the drive to copy from d2 Specifies the drive to copy to 1 Copies one side only F Forces reformatting of target Description The DISKCOPY utility program copies the contents of one diskette to another track by track until all of the tracks have been copied The second diskette is formatted as the copy proceeds if it is determined to be of an incorrect format or if it is unformatted If the 1 option is selected then only one side head 0 of the source diskette will be copied to the destination diskette If the second diskette requires formatting then only one side of the diskette will be formatted If the F option is selected then the target diskette will be formatted even if it is determined to be preformatted This is useful when a target disk has lost part of its formatting or has been incorrectly or partially formatted DISKCOPY asks the user if more disks are to be copied
83. ry should be enforced Infinite retry should be terminated display Display mode type to change to Description The MODE utility program displays the status of devices in the system or changes their mode of operation Supported devices are the parallel printers the asynchronous communications ports and the displays If no parameters are specified then the status of the devices in the system is displayed The first form listed above changes the settings for the default pagewidth and number of lines that can be printed in one inch vertically associated with a parallel printer This allows listings to be wrapped correctly on smaller paper The parallel printers are named LPTI LPT2 LPT3 and LPT4 The second form listed above changes the settings for a communications port The ports are named COMI COM2 COMG and COM4 The system initializes each COM port to 2400 baud even parity 7 data bits and 1 stop bit The supported baud rates are 110 150 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 and 19 200 The supported parity types are E even O odd and N none The supported stop bits are 1 or 2 For most communications applications if the baud rate is 110 then 2 should be selected otherwise 1 should be used If P is specified then MODE uses infinite retry on the parallel or serial device so that I O doesn t time out due to temporary device problems such as out of paper The third form re routes I O destined to the specified p
84. so access this area and commonly require setup information to be stored in the environment prior to being run See your application program s owner s manual for a list of any environment variables that are supported by the application There are two very important variables used by the command shell itself namely COMSPEC and PATH The COMSPEC variable is assigned the full pathname including boot drive of the copy of the command processor that was loaded This allows COMMAND COM to reload itself under certain circumstances Other programs may examine this variable to determine the drive on which utility programs might be located for example The PATH variable is used to store the program search path described next 4 4 4 Program Search Path When you run an application program the command processor attempts to run the program from the current directory on the default drive If it cannot be found in that directory then it searches the PATH variable for other directories to try The PATH variable is normally set to the following general format PATH dirl dir2 dir3 dirn where dir is the first directory to scan for the program dir2 is the second and so on until the last directory scanned is dirn In order for the command processor to always find its external utility programs you may want to copy them to a directory called CAGS Then you could set up the PATH variable to cause COMMAND COM to scan that directory whenever it ca
85. stem time System date Current path of default drive MS DOS compatibility version number Default drive letter without the colon Greater than sign gt Less than sign lt Vertical bar Equal sign Escape character 0x1b Carriage return Line feed Table 7 1 Metacharacters supported by PROMPT General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 67 Example The following example changes the prompt to display the date and time on one line and then the current directory on the following line C PROMPT d St S_Sp g REM Command Function Provides a remark in a batch file Type Internal Syntax REM remark Parameters remark Any optional comment in any format whatsoever Description The REM command provides a simple way of entering a free form comment in a batch file that has no side effects The REM command may be used interactively but has no effect Example C gt REM this is a remark in a batch file C RENAME Command Function Renames a file or group of files Type Internal Syntax REN AME d path newpath Parameters d Drive on which files are to be renamed path Wildcarded pathname of file s to be renamed newpath Wildcarded new pathname of files Description The RENAME command abbreviated REN renames a file or group of files Files cannot be moved in the directory structure with this command instead only their filenames are a
86. switch P and if specified transfers to the EXIT label in a batch file IF S1 P GOTO EXIT INTERSVR Command Function Enables disk and optionally console redirection through a serial communications line to a target computer This allows the target computer access to a selected drive of the host computer and optionally routes all keyboard and screen activity from the target computer s keyboard and screen to the host computer s keyboard and screen Type External Syntax INTERSVR X d BAUD baud COM port WRITE Parameters General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 58 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 d Drive to allow target to access baud 115200 57600 38400 19200 or 9600 port 1 for COMI or 2 for COM2 WRITE Specifies write access to drive is permitted Description The INTERSVR utility enables full duplex multiplexed disk and console I O requests captured by the SERDRIVE SYS device driver on a target computer to be serviced on a host computer There are two benefits of this linkage 1 The target has access to the host s hard drive 2 The host can be used as the target s console Once INTERSVR EXE is loaded it waits for requests to be routed to it by the target computer At any time the host user may press the CTL and ALT keys down together for a couple seconds to terminate the communications link INTERSVR EXE provides read only access to the host s drive by default If
87. t program and your Embedded DOS ROM program utilities you might want to create a directory structure like the one below to organize your the files N root Ei O D SROM PROGRAMS WORD LOTUS123 This allows you to separate files into logical groups and also allows you to create and maintain filenames that may by coincidence have the same exact filenames by keeping them in their own subdirectories For example your word processor and spreadsheet programs might both contain READ ME files that could actually have the same filename This subdirectory organization keeps them separate In our example the PROGRAMS subdirectory contains two subdirectories WORD and LOTUS123 In order to properly refer to the 123 EXE program in the LOTUS123 directory you would need to specify a full pathname of that file that tells Embedded DOS ROM where to find the file The proper pathname for a file called 123 EXE located in the LOTUS123 subdirectory in our example is PROGRAMS LOTUS123 123 EXE 4 1 4 The Current Directory Of course with many nested subdirectories specifying the full pathname of a file every time it is used could become tedious To help make the job of specifying files easier Embedded DOS ROM maintains a current directory for each drive in your workstation The current directory for any drive can be displayed with the following command General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 24
88. tically confirms you want to delete the directory IV Verbose method Shows each file in path as it is being deleted d Drive on which the files are to be deleted path Pathname or directory to be deleted Description The DELTREE command deletes one or more directories from a file system on a specified drive If the specified path contains files and or subdirectories all of those files will be deleted If path contains wildcards then all files that match the wildcarded specification will be deleted Warning You should be very careful when issuing this command with wildcard path specifications unless you are very familiar with the rules for expanding wildcards Many files can be accidentally erased with a misplaced character for example Examples The following example deletes the specified directory on drive E C DELTREE E STUFF Really delete STUFF yn y C General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 45 The following example deletes multiple directories in the current directory of the default drive C DELTREE STUFF THINGS C DIR Command Function Lists the files in a directory or subdirectory Type Internal Syntax DIR 4 path P W S V UL B O INEDSG Parameters d Drive on which the files are to be deleted path Wildcarded pathname of files to be deleted P Pauses the display after each screenful of information W
89. titions are not affected Description The FDISK utility program is used during the installation or reconfiguration of a hard disk to view install or modify the disk s partition structure In read only mode FDISK is inhibited from changing disks allowing the user to view the status of the disk partitions Unlike its MS DOS counterpart FDISK can create and manage many different partition types even non DOS ones The following types are supported 12 bit FAT MS DOS compatible 16 bit FAT MS DOS compatible _ Extended DOS MS DOS compatible Huge FAT MS DOS 4 5 and 6 compatible OS 2 FSD HPFS and others OS 2 mirror partitions NetWare 286 Novel compatible NetWare 386 Novel compatible Xenix partitions SCO Xenix compatible FDISK is a very simple menu driven program that operates in a similar manner to its MS DOS cousin General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 52 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 Caution When using FDISK to create or delete partitions you risk loosing vast quantities of storage on your disk s with a slip of your finger Be very careful when preparing your fixed disks with FDISK Be aware that FDISK numbers your hard drives starting with the number 0 and then 1 and so on Be careful that you properly select the correct disk before editing its partition table FIND Command Function Scans one or more files for a text string Type External Syntax FIND string d
90. u should be very careful when issuing this command with wildcard path specifications unless you are very familiar with the rules for expanding wildcards Many files can be accidentally erased with a misplaced character for example Examples The following example deletes all files in the current directory of drive E C DEL E Are you sure Y N Y C The following example deletes the file named FINANCE WKS in the current directory of the default drive C DEL FINANCE WKS C gt The following example deletes all of the files ending in the extension BAK in the current directory C gt DEL BAK C DELAY Command Function Delays a batch file for a specific machine independent interval of time Type Internal Syntax DELAY seconds Parameters seconds Number of seconds to delay Description General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 44 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 The DELAY command pauses a batch file for a machine independent amount of time The system s time of day clock is queried to determine the time so that it will work on machines with different CPU speeds Examples The following example delays for 10 seconds before returning to the next command C DELAY 10 C DELTREE Command Function Deletes one or more directories and their contents including subdirectories Type External Syntax DELTREE Y V d path path path Parameters IY Automa
91. ual 46 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 The V option is used to display the listing in a verbose format The B option is used to display the listing in a terse format The L option is used to display directory entries in lower case The O option is used to sort the directory listing according to certain criteria If the N suboption is selected entries will be sorted by filename If the D suboption is selected entries will be sorted by date time If the E suboption is selected entries will be sorted by filename extension If the S suboption is selected entries will be sorted by file size If the is used in front of the suboptions then the sort will be performed in reverse descending order If the G suboption is specified then subdirectory entries will be grouped Examples The following example displays a list of all of the files in the current directory of drive E C gt DIR E Volume in drive C has no label Directory of C SRC GS DOC DIR 1 23 96 4 08p DIR 1 23 96 4 08p ARCH DOC 483840 11 07 95 1 09p USER DOC 162816 2 03 96 10 52p NORMAL STY 1024 2 03 96 4 35p USER BAK 160256 2 03 96 10 35p NORMAL BAK 1024 2 03 96 4 34p 7 File s 5230592 bytes free C The following example displays a list of files that have DOC extensions in the current directory of the default drive C DIR DOC Volume in drive C has no label Directory of C SRC GS DOC
92. urce destination A M P S VE V W Parameters source Specifies the file s to be copied destination Specifies the location of the copies A Copies files with the archive bit set without changing the bit M Copies files with the archive bit set clearing while copying P Prompts before copying each file IS Copies subdirectories except empty ones E Copies subdirectories including empty ones IV Verifies each new file IW Prompts for a key press before copying the files Description The XCOPY command provides enhanced functionality over the COPY command supported by COMMAND COM It allows the copying of whole directory trees of files and makes use of XMS memory provided by HIMEM SYS to buffer the files thereby optimizing performance Examples The following example copies the entire contents of a diskette in drive A to a directory called DISK on drive C C XCOPY A C E General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 78 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Index Command 31 Command 5 Command 32 A ANSI SYS Driver 8 ASK Command 32 ATTRIB Command 33 B Batch Files 34 BREAK Command 17 35 BREAK 6 BUFFERS 6 C cache flushing 8 CALL Command 36 CD Command 17 CHAIN 6 CHDIR Command 37 CHKDSK Command 38 CLS Command 17 39 COMMAND Command 39 COMMAND COM 8 COMMENT E 6 CONFIG SYS 5 COPY Command 18 40 country code 6 COUNTRY 6 D DATE Comm
93. ute another program for the command shell by specifying the SHELL statement in the CONFIG SYS file The command shell or command processor is responsible for reading commands from the keyboard or from a file called a batch file and executing the commands by recognizing the verb of each command as a specific directive to do something Most of this chapter is an alphabetical list of command names and a description of each command s functions The command processor has many features that help you use the resources of your target more efficiently While most commands read their input keyboard and display output on the screen the input and output functions can be redirected to files and even to other programs COMMAND COM also provides an environment space that allows you to configure the operation of the command shell to meet your specific needs Finally the command shell can read its input from a file either through running COMMAND COM as a program and redirecting its input and or output or by executing a batch file These facilities are the subject of the next few sections 4 4 1 Redirection When a program or internal command is executed the command shell routes the input of the executed program to the keyboard and its output to the console screen You can redirect either or both the standard input and output streams to files so that a program reads its input from a file and or writes its output to a file To redirect a program s output f
94. x To refer to the value of an environment variable simply enclose the name of the variable in upper case with percent signs For example C SET DESSERT CAKE C ECHO We are eating DESSERT tonight We are eating CAKE tonight C To stop a currently executing batch file you can press either CTRL C or CTL BRK Embedded DOS ROM will display the message Terminate batch job Y N If you type a Y then the batch file will stop executing and the Embedded DOS ROM command processor will issue a prompt for you to input the next command from the keyboard If you type N then the interrupted program will be aborted but the batch file will continue with the next command BREAK Command Function Displays or changes the status of the BREAK flag Type Internal Syntax BREAK ON OFF Parameters ON Turns on C and CTL BRK checking OFF Turns off C and CTL BRK checking Description The BREAK command changes or displays how Embedded DOS ROM handles break ins by the console user with C and CTL BRK key sequences If BREAK is ON then Embedded DOS ROM will break out of a running program or batch file when the C or General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 36 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 CTL BRK keys are pressed If BREAK is OFF then Embedded DOS ROM will not break out but will instead pass the keys pressed to the program Turning the BREAK flag ON makes it much easier to terminate a run away batc
95. y installs a new label Volume labels can be from one to 11 characters in length and cannot contain any of the following special characters mcm AVE MN sion igs ne pcm xe d durare he If no label is specified then the user is asked for the label If no label is given then the current label is simply removed from the diskette or partition and a new one is not added If a label is given then the specified label replaces the old one If a drive is specified then that drive is affected If no drive is specified then the default drive is affected Example The following example labels drive C with the label MYDISK C LABEL C MYDISK C gt LOADHI Command Function Runs a program in upper memory Type Internal Syntax LOADHI filename Parameters filename Name of program to run in upper memory Description The LOADHI command causes the specified program to be run in upper memory so that in the event the program is a TSR it can occupy memory away from the 640 KB main memory area This leaves more contiguous memory for other applications There is no advantage to running a program in upper memory that does not terminate and stay resident in memory Example General Software EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual 60 EMBEDDED DOS ROM User s Manual Chapter 5 The following example runs SMARTDRY in an upper memory block note that an extended memory manager must be running in order for a UMB to exist C LOADHI

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