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1. Questionable Questionable Event Condition Event Enable Model 2000 sta Register Register Register tus register struc 0 0 S 0 1 1 3 T ip 3 ture 2 2 D p aoe 3 3 3 L5 Temperature Summary Temp Temp 9 Temp 3 5 5 g 5 gt 6 6 6 L 5 7 7 7 Logical OR Calibration Summary Cal Cal Cal H 9 9 3 9 10 10 10 u u u Error Queue 12 12 _12 13 13 13 Command Warning Warn Warn Warn Always Zero 15 15 15 Output Queue Service Status Request Byte Enable sandai Register Register Standard Event Msg O MsB Event Status 1 1 Status Enable L y Eav EAV Register Register Joss QSB Logical Operation Complete OPC OPC gt MAV MAV OR 1 1 ESB ESB Query Error QYE QYE PIRQS MSS 6 Device Specific Error DDE DDE OSB OSB Execution Error EXE STB SRE Command Error CME SRE User Request URQ Power OG PON Logical Master Summary Status MSS 8 5 MSB Measurement Summary Bit EAV Error Available 8 QSB Questionable Summary Bit 11 MAV Message Available 12 ESB Event Summary Bit 33 RQS MSS Request for Service Master Summary Staus T4 OSB
2. B15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO x BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF LI 512 256 128 _ 32 2 1 29 28 27 Q5 22 21 20 faai e a a O11 O11 O71 O11 O11 0 1 Value 1 Measurement Event Set Events BFL Buffer Full 0 Measurement Event Cleared BHF Buffer Half Full BAV Buffer Available RAV Reading Available HL High Limit LL Low Limit ROF Reading Overflow 5 54 SCPI Command Reference Questionable Event Register Bits BO through B3 Not used Bit B4 Temperature Summary Temp Set bit indicates that an invalid reference junction measurement has occurred for thermocouple temper ature measurements Bits B5 B6 and B7 Not used Bit B8 Calibration Summary Cal Set bit indicates that an invalid cal ibration constant was detected during the power up sequence The in strument will instead use a default calibration constant This error will clear after successful calibration of the instrument Bits B9 through B13 Not used Bit B14 Command Warning Warn Set bit indicates that a Signal Ori ented Measurement Command parameter has been ignored NOTE Whenever a questionable event occurs the ERR annunciator will turn on The annunciator will turn off when the questionable event clears Bit Position B
3. Table D 1 Models 196 199 device dependent command summary Mode Command Description Execute X Execute other device dependent commands Function FO DC volts F1 AC volts F2 2 wire ohms F3 DC current F4 AC current F5 ACV dB F6 Not valid F7 Frequency F8 Temperature F9 4 wire ohms Range DCV ACV DCA ACA Ohms ACVGB Freq RO Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto Auto R1 1V 1V 100mA 1A 1kQ 1V 1V R2 10V 10V 3A 3A 10kQ 10V 1V R3 100V 100V 3A 3A 100kQ 100V 10V R4 1000V 750V 3A 3A 1MQ 750V 100V R5 1000V 750V 3A 3A 10MQ 750V 750V R6 1000V 750V 3A 3A 100MQ 750V R7 1000V 750V 3A 3A 100MQ 750V 2 wire and 4 wire ohms Zero Rel ZO Zero disabled Zi Zero enabled Z2 Zero enabled using a zero value V Filter PO Filter disabled P1 Moving filter count 10 P2 Repeat filter count 10 Rate S0 0 1 PLC integration S1 Line cycle integration 16 67msec 60Hz 20msec 50Hz S2 10 PLC 166 67msec integration 60Hz 200msec integration 50Hz Table D 1 cont Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands D 3 Models 196 199 device dependent command summary Mode Trigger mode Reading mode Data store size Interval Value Default conditions Data format SRQ EOI and bus hold off Terminator Command TO T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 BO B1 B2 10 In Qo Qn V nn nnnn or V n nnnnnnE n LO L1 Description Continuous on Talk One shot on Talk Continuous on GET One shot on GET
4. Idle No Yes Reading fe Count Trigger counter Event Detection Output Trigger ry No More Yes Scan List ind Channels Length Y Sample counter Delay Device Action Using SHIFI CONFIG to configure stepping and scanning From the SHIFT CONFIG key combination you can select internal or external scanning the minimum and maximum channels in the scan list the time between scans and the read ing count 1 2 3 To configure stepping or scanning perform the following Select the desired measurement function Press the SHIFT CONFIG keys to access the step scan configuration Select the type of scan INTernal or EXTernal by using the and keys and press ing ENTER Select the first channel in the scan list MINimum CHANnel by using the lt q gt and keys and pressing ENTER Select the last channel in the scan list MAXimum CHANnel and press ENTER to confirm The next selection is for timed scans This is the Timer control source in the trigger model It sets a user specified interval for starting scans If you choose timed scans the Model 2000 prompts for a time interval 00H 00M 00 000S Use the 4 gt and keys to select a time interval and press ENTER to con firm Next you are prompted for a reading count RDG CNT This can be less than equal to or greater than the scan list length up to 1024 It is the number of readings that will be stored in the buffer
5. Measurement Event To Measurement BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Enable Summary Bit MSB of Status B15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Register Byte Register Deer IBure teta BFL Buffer Full HL High Limit BHF Buffer Half Full LL Low Limit BAV Buffer Available ROF Reading Overflow RAV Reading Available amp Logical AND OR Logical OR cs wam Cal TEMPI Questionable B15 B14 BI3 B9 B8 B7 B5 B4 B3 BO Condition Register 0 i EN y y Wan Cal Temp Questionable Event B15 B14 B13 B9 B8B B7 B5 B4 B3 BO j Register 0 OR rat amp 0 To Questionable Warn Cal Temp Questionable Event Summary Bit QSB 815 B14 B13 B9 B8 B7 B5 B4 B3 B0 Enable Register Byte Register See Figure 4 10 Warn Command Warning Cal Calibration Summary Temp Temperature Summary amp Logical AND OR Logical OR Queues The Model 2000 uses two queues which are first in first out FIFO registers e Output Queue used to hold reading and response messages Error Queue used to hold error and status messages The Model 2000 Multimeter status model Figure 4 5 shows how the two queues are structured with the other registers Output queue The output queue holds data that pertains to the normal operation
6. Fluke Model 8840A 8842A Digital Multimeter The Model 2000 Multimeter implements virtually all commands available in the Fluke Models 8840A and 8842A digital multimeter except for the self test and calibration com mands The commands are listed in Appendix D See the Fluke user manual for more information about remote programming RS 232 operation Sending and receiving data The RS 232 interface transfers data using 8 data bits 1 stop bit and no parity Make sure the controller you connect to the multimeter also uses these settings You can break data transmissions by sending a C or X character string to the multime ter This clears any pending operation and discards any pending output Selecting baud rate The baud rate is the rate at which the Model 2000 multimeter and the programming ter minal communicate Choose one these available rates e 19 2k e 9600 e 4800 e 2400 e 1200 e 600 e 300 The factory selected baud rate is 4800 When you choose a baud rate make sure that the programming terminal that you are connecting to the Model 2000 multimeter can support the baud rate you selected Both the multimeter and the other device must be configured for the same baud rate To select a baud rate follow these steps 1 Access the RS 232 configuration by pressing SHIFT then RS232 You see RS232 ON assuming you have already selected the RS 232 interface Go to the baud rate field by pressing the key You see
7. Figure 5 2 IEEE754 single precision data format 32 data bits Figure 5 3 IEEE754 double precision data format 64 data bits Header SREAL will select the binary IEEE754 single precision data format Fig ure 5 2 shows the normal byte order format for each data element For example if three valid elements are specified the data string for each reading conversion is made up of three 32 bit data blocks Note that the data string for each reading conversion is preceded by a 2 byte header that is the binary equivalent of an ASCII sign and 0 0 s sign bit 0 positive 1 negative e exponent bits 8 f fraction bits 23 Normal byte order shown For swapped byte order bytes sent in reverse order Header Byte 4 Byte 3 Byte 2 Byte 1 The Header is only sent once for each measurement conversion DREAL selects the binary IEEE754 double precision data format and is shown in Figure 5 3 normal byte order shown This format is similar to the single precision format except that it is 64 bits long Header Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 7 Byte 8 LILII LILII LIIIN LILII ELLE G gG Mg g Fr rar ag g ELLE G nG ng gg LLL G gG ag Gg LL OLG gG dg g EpL LL gG g g ELLE GN gG gg LL OLG G gG g g 10 LILII CO a a ELE d gr gp S D S og LLL G gG ng g ZV tb dd d 100 7101 rog og gg 140 7i gd og gd og gd 10 71 10 1 1 0 19 10 S e f Bytes 3 4 5 and 6 not shown s sign bit
8. INITiate CONTinuous ON With continuous initiation enabled INITiate CONTinuous ON the instrument will not re main in the idle state after all programmed operations are completed However you can re turn the instrument to the idle state at any time by sending any of these commands RST ABORt RCL SYST PRES Trigger model operation Once the instrument is taken out of idle operation proceeds through the trigger model down to the device action In general the device action includes a measurement and when scanning closes the next channel Control Source As shown in Figure 4 11 a control source is used to hold up operation until the programmed event occurs The control source options are explained as follows IMMediate Event detection is immediately satisfied allowing operation to continue MANual Event detection is satisfied by pressing the TRIG key The Model 2000 Multimeter must be in LOCAL mode for it to respond to the TRIG key Press the LO CAL key or send LOCAL 16 over the bus to remove the instrument from the remote mode TIMer Event detection is immediately satisfied on the initial pass through the loop Each subsequent detection is satisfied when the programmed timer interval 0 to 999999 999 seconds elapses The timer source is only available during step scan operation The timer resets to its initial state when the instrument goes into the nor mal mode of operation or into the idle state EXTernal
9. INPUT Hl and LO Used for making DC volts AC volts 2 wire resistance measure ments and for connecting scanner card SENSE 04 WIRE Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4 wire resistance measure ments HI and LO and also for connecting scanner card TRIGGER LINK One 8 pin micro DIN connector for sending and receiving trigger pulses among other instruments Use a trigger link cable or adapter such as Models 8501 1 8501 2 8502 8504 RS 232 Connector for RS 232 operation Use a straight through not null modem DB 9 ca ble IEEE 488 Connector for IEEE 488 GPIB operation Use a shielded cable such as Models 7007 1 and 7007 2 Power module Contains the AC line receptacle power line fuse and line voltage setting The Model 2000 can be configured for line voltages of 100V 120V 220V 240VAC at line frequen cies of 45Hz to 66Hz or 360Hz to 440Hz 2 8 Basic Measurements Power up Line power connection Follow the procedure below to connect the Model 2000 to line power and turn on the instrument 1 Check to see that the line voltage selected on the rear panel see Figure 2 3 is cor rect for the operating voltage in your area If not refer to the next procedure Setting line voltage and replacing fuse CAUTION Operating the instrument on an incorrect line voltage may cause damage to the instrument possibly voiding the warranty 2 Before plugging in the power cord make sure that the front panel power switch is in
10. stalled into the fuse holder assembly the correct line voltage appears inverted in the window 4 Install the fuse holder assembly into the power module by pushing it in until it locks For continued protection against fire or instrument damage only replace fuse with the type and rating listed If the instrument repeatealy blows fuses locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for troubleshooting information Make sure the instrument is disconnected from the AC line and other equip ment before changing the line voltage setting or replacing the line fuse in place Table 2 1 Fuse ratings Line voltage Fuse rating Keithley P N 100 120V 0 25A slow blow 5x20mm FU 96 4 220 240V 0 125A slow blow 5x20mm FU 91 2 10 Basic Measurements Power up sequence On power up the Model 2000 performs self tests on its EPROM and RAM and momen tarily lights all segments and annunciators If a failure is detected the instrument momen tarily displays an error message and the ERR annunciator turns on Error messages are listed in Appendix B NOTE lfa problem develops while the instrument is under warranty return it to Keithley Instruments Inc for repair If the instrument passes the self tests the firmware revision levels are displayed An ex ample of this display is REV A01 A02 where A01 is the main board ROM revision A02 is the display b
11. 0 positive 1 negative e exponent bits 11 f fraction bits 52 Normal byte order shown For swapped byte order bytes sent in reverse order Header Byte 8 Byte 7 Byte 1 The Header is only sent once for each measurement conversion BORDer command BORDer lt name gt FORMat BORDer lt name gt Specify binary byte order Parameters lt name gt NORMal Normal byte order for binary formats SWAPped Reverse byte order for binary formats Query BORDer Query byte order Description This command is used to control the byte order for the IEEE754 binary formats For normal byte order the data format for each element is sent as follows Byte 1 Byte2 Byte3 Byte4 Single precision Byte1 Byte2 Byte8 Double precision For reverse byte order the data format for each element is sent as follows Byte4 Byte3 Byte2 Byte Single precision Byte8 Byte7 Byte 1 Double precision The 0 header is not affected by this command The header is always sent at the beginning of the data string for each measurement conversion The ASCII data format can only be sent in the normal byte order The SWAPpedselectionis simply ignored whenthe ASCIIformatis selected ELEMents command ELEMents lt item list gt FORMatELEMents lt item list gt Parameters Query Description lt item list READing Includes reading in data string CHANnel Includes channel number UNITs Includes units NOTE Each item in th
12. 0 9m two spade lugs two banana plugs two hooks and two alligator clips Model 8605 High Performance Modular Test Leads Consists of two high voltage 1000V test probes and leads The test leads are terminated with a banana plug with retractable sheath on each end Model 8606 High Performance Probe Tip Kit Consists of two spade lugs two alligator clips and two spring hook test probes The spade lugs and alligator clips are rated at 30V RMS 42 4V peak the test probes are rated at 1000V These components are for use with high performance test leads terminated with banana plugs such as the Model 8605 The following test leads and probes are rated at 30V RMS 42 4V peak Models 5805 and 5805 12 Kelvin Probes Consists of two spring loaded Kelvin test probes with banana plug termination Designed for instruments that measure 4 terminal resistance The Model 5805 is 0 9m long the Model 5805 12 is 3 6m long Model 5806 Kelvin Clip Lead Set Includes two Kelvin clip test leads 0 9m with banana plug termination Designed for instruments that measure 4 terminal resistance A set of eight replacement rubber bands is available as Keithley P N GA 22 Model 8604 SMD Probe Set Consists of two test leads 0 9m each terminated with a surface mount device grabber clip on one end and a banana plug with a retractable sheath on the other end Low thermal probes Model 8610 Low Thermal Shorting Plug Consists of four banana plugs mount
13. 2 Tochange the reference impedance use the lt and gt keys to select the numeric position Then usethe and keys to select the desired value Be sure to press ENTER after changing the reference impedance NOTES dBm is valid for positive and negative values of DC volts The mX b and percent math operations are applied after the dBm or dB math For example if mX b is selected with m 10 and b 0 the display will read 10 000 MXB for a 1VDC signal If dBm is selected with Zper 500 the display will read 130MXB Expressing DC or AC voltage in dB makes it possible to compress a large range of mea surements into a much smaller scope The relationship between dB and voltage is defined by the following equation VIN REF dB 20 log where Vy is the DC or AC input signal Vrer is the specified voltage reference level The instrument will read OdB when the reference voltage level is applied to the input If a relative value is in effect when dB is selected the value is converted to dB then REL is applied to dB If REL is applied after dB has been selected dB has REL applied to it To set the reference voltage perform the following steps 1 After selecting dB the present reference voltage level is displayed REF 40 000000 2 To change the reference level use the q and keys to select the numeric position Then use the and keys to select the desired value Be sure to press ENTER after changing the reference voltage
14. CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading This example program illustrates the use of the Keithley Model 2000 DMM interfaced to the RS 232 COM port The Model 2000 is setup to take 100 readings at the fastest possible rate 2000 per second The readings are taken sent across the serial port and displayed on the screen Example program controlling the Model 2000 via the RS 232 COM2 port For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card RDS SPACES 1500 Set string space CLS CLear screen PRINT Set COM2 baud rate to 9600 PRINT Set no flow control and CR as Terminator Configure serial port parameters ComOpen COM2 9600 8 1 ASC CD0 CSO DSO LF OPO RS TB8192 RB8192 OPEN ComOpen FOR RANDOM AS 1 Model 2000 setup commands Note Serial communications only operate with SCPI mode PRINT 41 RST Clear registers PRINT 41 CLS Clear Model 2000 RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 RINT 1 EEP 1 RINT 1 RINT RD RINT 1 oo ES Sc BS ne Cc SS CC CC A FORM ELEM STAT OFF DC DC DC DC OFF ABORT VOLT DC AVER STAT OFF NPLC 0 01 RANG 10 DIG 4 D E TRIG 5AMP Cc G TH 100 TRIG DEL 0 TRIG SOUR DISP ENAB READ INE INPUT 1
15. Continuous on X One shot on X Continuous on External Trigger One shot on External Trigger Readings from A D converter Individual readings from data store All readings from data store buffer dump Disable data store Data store of n n 1 to 500 fill and stop Default interval 175msec SELECT OFF n interval in milliseconds 15msec to 999999msec Zero value simulated reference junction temperature Restore factory default conditions and save L1 Save present machine states as default conditions Reading with prefix Reading without prefix Reading and buffer location with prefix Reading and buffer location without prefix Reading and channel with prefix Reading and channel without prefix Reading buffer location and channel with prefix Reading buffer location and channel without prefix Disable Reading overflow Data store full Data store half full Reading done Ready Error Enable EOI and bus hold off on X Disable EOI enable bus hold off on X Enable EOI disable bus hold off on X Disable both EOI and bus hold off on X CRLF LF CR CR LF D 4 Table D 1 cont Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands Models 196 199 device dependent command summary Mode Status Multiplex Delay Display Scanning Scanning cont Thermocouple Command UO U1 U2 U3 U4 U5 U6 AO Al N15 N16 N19 N20 N21 N22 N23 N24 N25 N26 N27 N28 N29 JO J1 J
16. Operation Summary Bit Always Zero _15 Note RQS bit is in serial poll byte ESR ESE MSS bit is in STB response ESE Measurement Operation Measurement Measurement Event Operation Operation Event Condition Event Enable Condition Event Enable Register Register Register Register Register Register Reading Overfolw ROF ROF ROF 0 0 0 Low Limit LL LL LLI 1 1 1 High Limit HL HL HLI 2 2 S 2 3 3 3 3 3 O 3 4 4 4 Measuring Meas Meas Meas Reading Available RAV RAV RAV Triggering Trig Trig e Trig 6 6 6 6 6 6 i Logical Logical Buffer Available BAV BAV BAV DR 7 7 7 OR Buffer Half Full BHF BHE BHE 8 8 8 Buffer Full BFL BFL BFL 9 9 9 10 10 10 Idle Idle Idle Idle 1 11 1i 11 11 H 1 12 12 12 12 12 12 13 13 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 Always Zero 15 15 15 Always Zero 15 15 15 Condition registers As Figure 4 5 shows all status register sets have a condition register A condition register is a real time read only register that constantly updates to reflect the current operating con ditions of the instrument For example while a measurement is being performed bit B4 Meas of the Operation Condition Register is set When the measurement is completed bit B4 clears Use the CONDition query commands in the STATus Subsystem to read the condition registers See Section 5 for more information Event registers As Figure 4 5 shows each
17. RDS DISP ENAB Clean up and quit finish CLOSE 1 CLEAR END IMM OFF ON Init off DCV Auto zero off Filter off NPLC 0 01 10V range 4 digits Reading only Trig count 1 Sample count 100 No trigger delay Immediate trigger No display Wait one second Read query Get data Display data Turn on display Close file Interface clear Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands D 2 Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands The Model 2000 can be configured to accept device dependent commands of the Kei thley Models 196 199 The commands to control the Model 2000 with the 196 199 language are provided in Table D 1 Since the architecture of the Model 2000 differs from that of the 196 199 some com mands are different or cannot be used Commands such as function offset compensated ohms AC current dB range analog and digital filter rate calibration factory defaults and self test do not map one for one Also note that the Model 2000 does not have the speed characteristics of the Models 196 199 Other commands of the Model 2000 have been add ed to the 196 199 command set such as frequency temperature and scanning Refer to the appropriate manual for further details CAUTION The 196 199 language is intended to be used only over the IEEE 488 bus Using front panel controls in conjunction with this language may cause errat ic operation In this case results cannot be guaranteed
18. With MXB or PERCent selected and enabled see STATe the result of the cal culation is displayed The calculated reading is refreshed every time the instrument takes a reading KMATh commands MMFactor lt Nrf gt CALCulate 1 KMATh MMFactor lt NRf gt Specify m factor Parameter lt NRf gt 100e6 to 100e6 Query MMFactor Query m factor Description This command is used to define the m factor for the mx b calculation MBFactor lt NRf gt CALCulate 1 KMATh MBFactor lt Nrf gt Specify b factor Parameter lt NRf gt 100e6 to 100e6 Query MBFactor Query b factor Description This command is used to define the b factor for the mx b calculation MUNItS CALCulate 1 KMATh MUNits lt name gt Specify units for mx b Parameter lt name gt 3 characters using A through Z Query MUNits Query units for mx b Description This command is used to specify the units data element for the mx b cal culation Use any three letters from A through Z PERCent lt NRf gt CALCulate 1 KMATh PERCent lt NRf gt Specify target value for percent calculation Parameter lt Nrf gt 1e8 to 1e8 Specify target value Query PERCENt Query percent target value Description This command is used to specify the target value for the percent calcula tion ACQuire CALCulate 1 KMATh PERCent ACQuire Use input signal as target value Description This action command is used to acquire the pres
19. for the programmed event DELay lt n gt TRIGger SEQuence 1 DELay n Set trigger model delay Parameters lt n gt 0 to 999999 999 Specify delay in seconds DEFault 0 second delay MINimum 0 second delay MAXimum 999999 999 second delay Query DELay Query the programmed delay DELay DEFault Query the RST default delay DELay MINimum Query the lowest allowable delay DELay MAXimum Query the largest allowable delay Description The delay is used to delay operation of the trigger model After the pro grammed event occurs the instrument waits until the delay period expires before performing the Device Action in the Trigger Model The delay time can also be set by using the AUTO parameter If AUTO is set to 1 or on the delay period is enabled and will occur If AUTO is set to 0 or off the delay period is not enabled and no delay will occur SSOURce lt name gt TRIGger SEQuence 1 SOURce lt name gt Specify measure event control source Parameters name IMMediate Pass operation through immediately EXTernal Select External Triggering as event TIMer Select timer as event MANual Select manual event BUS Select bus trigger as event Query SOURce Query programmed control source Description These commands are used to select the event control source With IM Mediate selected do not confuse SOURce IMMediate with INITiate IM Mediate operation immediately starts A specific event can be used to control opera
20. the oldest message in the queue is sent to the computer NOTE The STATus QUEue NEXT query command performs the same function as the SYSTem ERRor query command see System subsystem STATus QUEue CLEar Clear Error Queue Description This action command is used to clear the Error Queue of messages 5 60 SCPI Command Reference ENABle lt list gt STATus QUEue ENABle lt list gt Enable messages for Error Queue Parameter lt list gt numlist where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to enable for the Error Queue Query ENABle Query list of enabled messages Description On power up all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue This command is used to specify which messages you want enabled Messages not specified will be disabled and prevented from entering the queue When this command is sent all messages will first be disabled then the messages specified in the list will be enabled Thus the returned list ENABle will contain all the enabled messages Messages are specified by numbers see Appendix B The following ex amples show various forms for expressing a message numlist Numlist 2 110 Single message 110 140 222 Messages separated by commas 110 222 Range of messages 110 through 222 110 222 230 Range entry and single entry separated by a comma NOTE To
21. the off 0 position 3 Connectthe female end of the supplied power cord to the AC receptacle on the rear panel Connect the other end of the power cord to a grounded AC outlet WARNING The power cord supplied with the Model 2000 contains a separate ground wire for use with grounded outlets When proper connections are made instrument chassis is connected to power line ground through the ground wire in the power cord Failure to use a grounded outlet may result in per sonal injury or death due to electric shock 4 Turnonthe instrument by pressing the front panel power switch to the on 1 position Model 2000 Figure 2 3 Power module Window Fuse Holder Assembly Setting line voltage and replacing fuse A rear panel fuse located next to the AC receptacle protects the power line input of the instrument If the line voltage setting needs to be changed or the line fuse needs to be re placed perform the following steps WARNING 1 Place the tip of a flat blade screwdriver into the power module by the fuse holder as sembly see Figure 2 3 Gently push in and to the left Release pressure on the as sembly and its internal spring will push it out of the power module 2 Remove the fuse and replace it with the type listed in Table 2 1 CAUTION 3 If configuring the instrument for a different line voltage remove the line voltage se lector from the assembly and rotate it to the proper position When the selector is in
22. y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value V DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI TEMPerature Path to configure temperature NPLOycles n Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate REFerence n Specify reference 200 to 1372 0 STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF STATe Query state of reference ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 6 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol name Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter TCouple Path to configure thermocouple TYPE lt name gt Select thermocouple type J K o
23. AMPS fuse Turn off the power and disconnect the power line and test leads 2 From the front panel gently push in the AMPS jack with your thumb and rotate the fuse carrier one quarter turn counter clockwise Release pressure on the jack and its internal spring will push the jack out of the socket Remove the fuse and replace it with the same type 3A 250V fast blow 5 x 20mm The Keithley part number is FU 99 1 CAUTION Do not use a fuse with a higher current rating than specified or instrument damage may occur If the instrument repeatealy blows fuses locate and correct the cause of the trouble before replacing the fuse See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for troubleshooting information 4 Install the new fuse by reversing the procedure above See Section 3 Measurement Options for information that explains the configuration op tions for DC and AC current measurements Measuring resistance The Model 2000 can make 2 wire and 4 wire resistance measurements from 100uQ to 120MQ Connections Assuming factory default conditions the basic procedure is as follows 1 Connect test leads to the Model 2000 as follows A For Q2 wire connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO B For 4 wire connect the test leads to INPUT HI and LO and SENSE 04 WIRE HI and LO Recommended Kelvin test probes include the Keithley Models 5805 and 5806 Either the front or rear inputs can be used place the INPUTS button in the appr
24. ASYNCHRONOUS CHAN COUNT 10 SCAN CONTROL SCAN COUNT 1 Model 2000 from factory setup Y SHIFT CONFIG TYPE EXT MIN CHAN 001 MAX CHAN 010 TIMER OFF RDG CNT 0010 ENTER Y 2 Ex TRIG Y STEP or SCAN Y RECALL 10 readings 4 EXIT System operations The Model 2000 has other front panel operations Saving and restoring setup information is described in Section 2 Basic Measurements Selecting the remote interface and lan guage is covered in Section 4 Remote Operation Sel test The TEST selections are used as diagnostic tools to isolate problems within the Model 2000 Information on using these test procedures is included in the optional Model 2000 Re pair Manual Calibration The CAL selections are used to view the calibration date and next due date to perform calibration and to view the number of times calibration has been performed Some of the items are password protected to prevent unintended changing of calibration constants To view the calibration dates press SHIFT CAL Press ENTER at the DATES prompt The first date is the last time calibration was performed The NDUE date is the calibration due date Running calibration is password protected Refer to the Model 2000 Calibration Manual for details To view the calibration count press ENTER at the COUNT prompt 4 Remote Operati
25. B7 of the Status Byte Register When masked a set sum mary bit in the Status Byte Register cannot set bit B6 MSS RQS of the Status Byte Register Conversely when unmasked a set Summary bit in the Status Byte Register sets bit B6 A Status Summary Message bit in the Status Byte Register is masked when the corre sponding bit in the Service Request Enable Register is cleared 0 When the masked sum mary bit in the Status Byte Register sets it is ANDed with the corresponding cleared bit in the Service Request Enable Register The logic 1 output of the AND gate is applied to the input of the OR gate and thus sets the MSS RQS bit in he Status Byte Register The individual bits of the Service Request Enable Register can be set or cleared by using the following common command SRE lt NRf gt To read the Service Request Enable Register use the SRE query command The Ser vice Request Enable Register clears when power is cycled or a parameter n value of zero is sent with the SRE command SRE 0 Serial poll and SRQ Any enabled event summary bit that goes from 0 to 1 will set RQS and generate a service request SRQ In your test program you can periodically read the Status Byte Register to check if a service request SRQ has occurred and what caused it If an SRQ occurs the program can for example branch to an appropriate subroutine that will service the request Typically service requests SRQs are managed by the ser
26. Generally a system will contain one controller and a number of other instruments to which the commands are given Device operation is categorized into three operators controller talker and listener The con troller does what its name implies it controls the instruments on the bus The talker sends data while a listener receives data Depending on the type of instrument any particular de vice can be a talker only a listener only or both a talker and listener There are two categories of controllers system controller and basic controller Both are able to control other instruments but only the system controller has the absolute authority in the system In a system with more than one controller only one controller may be active at any given time Certain protocol is used to pass control from one controller to another The IEEE 488 bus is limited to 15 devices including the controller Thus any number of talkers and listeners up to that limit may be present on the bus at one time Although several devices may be commanded to listen simultaneously the bus can have only one active talk er or communications would be scrambled A device is placed in the talk or listen state by sending an appropriate talk or listen com mand These talk and listen commands are derived from an instrument s primary address The primary address may have any value between 0 and 31 and is generally set by rear panel DIP switches or programmed in from the front pane
27. KCLick lt b gt SYSTem KCLick lt b gt Enable or disable keyclick Parameters b 1 or ON Enable keyclick default 0 or OFF Disable keyclick Query KCLick Query status of keyclick Description This command is used to enable or disable the keyclick The keyclick can also be enabled or disabled from the front panel by pressing SHIFT then LOCAL POSetup lt name gt command POSetup lt name gt SYSTem POSetup lt name gt Program power on defaults Parameters lt name gt RST Select RST defaults on power up PRESet Select SYSTem PRESet defaults on power up SAVO Select saved defaults on power up Query POSetup Query power on setup Description This command is used to select the power on defaults With RST select ed the instrument powers up to the RST default conditions With PRES selected the instrument powers up to the SYStem PRESet default con ditions Default conditions are listed in the SCPI tables Tables 5 2 through 5 11 With the SAVO parameter selected the instrument powers on to the setup that is saved in the specified location using the SAV command FRSWitch command FRSWitch SYSTem FRSWitch Read INPUTS switch Description This query command is used to read the position of the FRONT REAR IN PUTS switch Switch position code is defined as follows 1 Front panel inputs selected 0 Rear panel inputs selected VERSion command VERsion SYSTem VERSion Description ERRor comma
28. LSELect Query scan operation Description This command is used to select and perform the desired scan operation When INTernal is selected the Model 2000 scans the channels of the in ternal switching card according to how the scan is configured see SCAN INTernal EXTernal is used to measure channels that are controlled by an external Switch system When EXTernal is selected the Model 2000 scans the ex ternal scan list see SCAN EXTernal When NONE is used the Model 2000 disables all operations associated with a scan SENSe 1 subsystem The Sense 1 Subsystem is used to configure and control the measure ment functions of the Model 2000 A function does not have to be select ed before you program its various configurations A function can be selected any time after it has been programmed Whenever a pro grammed function is selected it assumes the programmed states FUNCtion Command sFUNCtion lt name gt SENSe 1 FUNCtion lt name gt Select measurement function Parameters lt name gt CURRent AC Select AC Current CURRent DC Select DC Current VOLTage AC Select AC Voltage VOLTage DC Select DC Voltage RESistance Select 2 wire Resistance FRESistance Select 4 wire Resistance PERiod Select Period FREQuency Select Frequency TEMPerature Select Temperature DIODe Select Diode Testing CONTinuity Select Continuity Testing Query FUNCt
29. STATe lt b gt Parameters lt b gt 1 or ON 0 or OFF Query STATe Control reference for ACI Control reference for DCI Control reference for ACV Control reference for DCV Control reference for Q2 Control reference for 4 Control reference for FREQ Control reference for PER Control reference for TEMP Enable reference Disable reference Query state of reference Description These commands are used to enable or disable Reference for the speci fied function When enabled the displayed reading will include the pro grammed reference value see REFerence n and ACQuire When disabled the displayed reading will not include the reference value ACQuire SENSe 1 CURRent AC REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 CURRent DC REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 VOLTage AC REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 VOLTage DC REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 RESistance REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 FRESistance REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 PERiod REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 FREQuency REFerence ACQuire SENSe 1 TEMPerature REFerence ACQuire Acquire reference for ACI Acquire reference for DCI Acquire reference for ACV Acquire reference for DCV Acquire reference for Q2 Acquire reference for Q4 Acquire reference for PER Acquire reference for FREQ Acquire reference for TEMP Description When one of these commands is sent the measured input signal is ac quired and established as the reference value This command is typically used t
30. TEMP 0 all functions Minimum value for specified function Maximum value for specified function Query programmed reference value Query RST default reference value Query lowest allowable reference value REFerence MAXimum Query largest allowable reference value Description These commands are used to establish a reference value for the specified function When Reference is enabled see REFerence STATe the result will be the algebraic difference between the input signal and the reference value Reading Input signal Reference From the front panel reference is called relative REL The REFerence n command is coupled to the ACQuire command The last command sent REFerence n or ACQuire establishes the reference When a reference is set using the REFerence n command the REFerence query command returns the programmed value Con versely when a reference is set using the ACQuire command the REF erence query command returns the acquired reference value STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC REFerence STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 CURRent DC REFerence STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 VOLTage AC REFerence STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 VOLTage DC REFerence STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 RESistance REFerence STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 FRESistance REFerence STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 FREQuency REFerence STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 PERiod REFerence STATe lt b gt SENSe 1 TEMPerature REFerence
31. The AUTO settings are listed in Table 3 2 Table 3 2 Auto delay settings Function Range and delay DCV 100mV 1V 10V 100V 1000V ims ims ims 5ms 5ms ACV 100mV 1V 10V 100V 750V 400ms 400ms 400ms 400ms 400ms FREQ 100mV 1V 10V 100V 750V ims ims ims ims ims DCI 10mA 100mA 1A 3A 2ms 2ms 2ms 2ms ACI 1A 3A 400ms 400ms Q2W Q4W 1000 1kQ 10kQ 100kQ 1MQ 10MQ 100MQ 3ms 3ms 13ms 25ms 100ms 150ms_ 250ms Continuity 1kQ 3ms Diode testing 1mA 100HA 10pA ims ims ims The delay function is accessed by pressing the SHIFT DELAY keys The present delay setting AUTO or MANual is displayed Use the and keys to select the type of delay If MANual is chosen also enter the duration of the delay The maximum is shown following 99H 99M 99 999S Press ENTER to accept the delay or EXIT for no change Changing the delay to MANual on one function changes the delays on all functions to MANual Device actions The primary device action is a measurement However the device action block could in clude the following additional actions Filtering If the repeating filter is enabled the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions to yeildl single filtered reading Only one reading con version is performed if the filter is disabled or after the specified number of reading conversions for a moving average filter is reached The output of filter feeds hold Hold With
32. The size of the buffer in readings TRACe POINts lt NR gt Where the data is coming from before or after the CALCulate1 math post process ing TRACe FEl ED SENSe1 TRACe FE ED CALCualtel Select buffer control mode TRACe FE ED CONTrol NI EVer TRACe FE ED CONTrol NI EXT store unprocessed readings store math processed readings immediately stop storing readings start now stop when buffer is full The following example program sets up the Model 2000 to take 20 readings as fast as it can into the buffer then reads the data back after the buffer has filled Example program to demonstrate the reading buffer For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer SINCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset controls and put trigger model in IDLE state CALL SEND 16 rst status Reset STATus subsystem not affected by RST CALL SEND 16 stat pres cls status CALL SEND 16 stat meas enab 512 status enable BFL CALL SEND 16 sre 1 status enable MSB CALL SEND 16 trig coun 20 status TRACe subsystem is not affected by RST CALL SEND 16 trac poin 20 status CALL SEND 16 trac feed sens1 feed cont next status Start everything CAL
33. a vowel delete it and all the letters after it Example immediate imm Rule exception The short form version of the following command uses only the first two letters of the word TCouple tc If the fourth letter of the command word is a consonant retain it but drop all the letters after it Example format form If the command contains a question mark query or a non optional number in cluded in the command word you must include it in the short form version Example delay del Command words or characters that are enclosed in brackets are optional and need not be included in the program message Program messages A program message is made up of one or more command words sent by the computer to the instrument Each common command is simply a three letter acronym preceded by an asterisk SCPI commands are categorized in the STATus subsystem and are used to help explain how command words are structured to formulate program messages STATus Path Root OPERation Path ENABle lt NRf gt Command and parameter ENABle Query command PRESet Command Single command messages The above command structure has three levels The first level is made up of the root com mand STATus and serves as a path The second level is made up of another path OP ERation and a command PRESet The third path is made up of one command for the OPERation path The three commands in this structure can be execu
34. and the zener voltage of zener diodes To test diodes press SHIF 9en set the test current range connect the diode and take a reading from the display NOTE Diode test has a non selectable reading rate of MEDium 1 PLC Connections Connect the diode leads to the INPUT HI and INPUT LO terminals on the Model 2000 The test current flows from the INPUT HI terminal as shown in Figure 2 10 Figure 2 10 Model 2000 Diode testing General purpose diode Note Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals Range You can set the test current range from the front panel The choices are 1mA 100p4A and 10pA The factory test current setting is 1mA To set the test current do following 1 Press SHIFT then Use the A and V gt to scroll through the three test current selections The diode test measures voltages on the 3V range for the 1mA test current and the 10V range for the 100A and 10p4A ranges If a reading is more than 10V the Model 2000 dis plays the OVERFLOW status message Measurement Options Measurement Options This section describes the front panel features of the Model 2000 For those measure ment options accessible only by a remote interface refer to Sections 4 and 5 This section is organized as follows Measurement configuration Describes ranging filtering relative readings digits of resolution and measurement rate Trigger operations Uses a trigger mode
35. autozero ON STATe Query autozero KEY lt NRf gt Simulate key press 1 to 31 see Figure 5 10 KEY Query the last pressed key Ni CLEar Clears messages from the Error Queue BEEPer Path to control beeper STATe lt b gt Enable or disable beeper ON NI STATe Query state of beeper y LOCal Take 2000 out of remote and restore operation of front panel controls RS 232 only REMote Place 2000 in remote RS 232 only RWLock Lockout front panel controls RS 232 only KCLick lt b gt Turn the keyclick on off ON KCLick Query the keyclick status LFRequency Query power line frequency Note Clearing the Error Queue Power up and CLS Clears the Error Queue RST SYSTem PRESet and STATus PRESet No effect Table 5 9 TRACe command summary kon Default Command Description parameter SCPI TRACe DATA Use TRACe or DATA as root command CLEar Clear readings from buffer FREE Query bytes available and bytes in use y POINts lt NRf gt Specify size of buffer 2 to 1024 Y POINts Query buffer size Y FEED lt name gt Select source of readings SENSe 1 CALCulate 1 NONE y CONTrol lt name gt Select buffer control mode NEVer or NEXT 3 CONTrol Query buffer control mode Y FEED Query source of readings for buffer Y DATA Read all readings in the buffer Y SYSTem PRESet and RST have no effect on the commands in this subsystem Table 5 10 Trigger command summa
36. bit in the Status Byte Reg ister Bit B6 in the Status Byte Register is either The Master Summary Status MSS bit sent in response to the STB command in dicates the status of any set bits with corresponding enable bits set The Request for Service RQS bit sent in response to a serial poll indicates which device was requesting service by pulling on the SRQ line For a description of the other bits in the Status Byte Register see Common commands STB The IEEE 488 2 standard uses the following common query command to read the Status Byte Register STB When reading the Status Byte Register using the STB command bit B6 is called the MSS bit None of the bits in the Status Byte Register are cleared when using the STB com mand to read it The IEEE 488 1 standard has a serial poll sequence that also reads the Status Byte Reg ister and is better suited to detect a service request SRQ When using the serial poll bit B6 is called the RQS bit Serial polling causes bit B6 RQS to reset Serial polling is dis cussed in more detail later in this section entitled Serial Poll and SRQ Any of the following operations clear all bits of the Status Byte Register Cycling power Sending the CLS common command Note The MAV bit may or may not be cleared Service request enable register This register is programmed by you and serves as a mask for the Status Summary Mes sage bits BO B2 B3 B4 B5 and
37. command is exe cuted STATE b CALCulate2 STATe lt b gt Control CALC2 Parameters lt b gt 0 or off Disable CALC2 calculation 1 or on Enable CALC2 calculation Query STATe Query state on or off of CALC2 Description This command is used to enable or disable the CALC2 calculation When enabled the selected CALC2 format will be calculated when the IMMe diate or IMMediate command is executed MMediate CALCulate2 IMMediate Perform CALC2 Query IMMediate Perform calculation and read result equivalent to CALCulate2 IMMediate DATA Description The IMMediate command is used to perform the selected CALC2 opera tion on the readings in the buffer assuming CALC2 is enabled see STATe After performing the calculation the result can be read by using the CALCulate2 DATA query command Another way to perform the calculation and read the result is to use the query form of the command IMMediate When this command is sent the calculation is performed and the result is queried Program This example assumes that there are readings stored in the buffer and that CALC2 is enabled PRINT 1 output 02 calc2 form max Select format PRINT 1 output 02 calc2 imm Perform math and query result PRINT 1 enter 02 Get response from 2000 DATA CALCulate2 DATA Read CALC2 result Description This query command is used to read the result of the CALC2 calculation If CALC2 is disabled
38. controller or other devices depending on the di rection of data transfer The following is a description of each command Each command is sent by setting the corresponding bus line true REN Remote Enable REN is sent to set up instruments on the bus for remote oper ation When REN is true devices will be removed from the local mode Depending on device con used to positively identify the last byte in a multi byte transfer sequence thus allowing data words of various lengths to be transmitted easily IFC Interface Clear IFC is used to clear the interface and return all devices to the talk er and listener idle states ATN Attention The controller sends ATN while transmitting addresses or multiline commands SRQ Service Request SRQ is asserted by a device when it requires service from a controller Universal commands are those multiline commands that require no addressing All devic es equipped to implement such commands will do so simultaneously when the commands are transmitted As with all multiline commands these commands are transmitted with ATN true LLO Local Lockout LLO is sent to the instrument to lock out the LOCAL key and thus all their front panel controls DCL Device Clear DCL is used to return instruments to some default state Usually instruments return to their power up conditions SPE Serial Poll Enable SPE is the first step in the serial polling sequence which is used to de
39. dBm reference Parameter n le 7 to 1000 Specify reference in volts Query REFerence Description This command is used to specify the dB reference level When DB units is selected VOLTage AC DB ACV db measurements are made using the specified dB reference level The reference level is specified in volts and is not range dependent For example a dB reference level of 1 is 1V on all ACV measurement ranges DBM IMPedance lt n gt UNIT VOLTage AC DBM IMPedance lt n gt Specify dB reference Parameter n 1 to 9999 Specify reference impedance Query IMPedance Description This command is used to specify the dBm reference impedance level When dBm units is selected ACV dBm measurements are made using the specified dBm reference impedance The reference impedance is specified in ohms and is not range depen dent For example a dBm reference level of 600 is 600 on all ACV mea surement ranges A rational number is rounded to the nearest valid integer value EDC lt name gt UNIT VOLTage DC lt name gt Specify DCV units Parameters lt name gt V DC voltage measurement units DB dB DC voltage measurement units DBM dBm DC voltage measurement units Query DC Query DC voltage units Description This command is used to select the units for DCV measurements With volt V units selected normal DC voltage measurements are made for the DCV function With DB units selected DC dB voltage measurements are performed Th
40. display the present value REF 41 000000 Enter a reference sign value and units prefix Use the lt and keys to choose a numerical place and use the and keys to increment or decrement the digits 3 Press ENTER when done The Model 2000 will display the result of the calculation The result is positive when the input exceeds the reference and negative when the input is less than the reference Engi neering units are used to show values in the range 1 nano to 1000G Exponential notation is used above that range dBm is defined as decibels above or below a 1mW reference With a user programmable reference impedance the Model 2000 reads 0dBm when the voltage needed to dissipate 1mW through the reference impedance is applied The relationship between dBm a refer ence impedance and the voltage is defined by the following equation 2 Vo Zeer dBm 10 log imw m Where Vix is the DC or AC input signal Zrer is the specified reference impedance NOTE Donotconfuse reference impedance with input impedance The input impedance of the instrument is not modified by the dBm parameter If a relative value is in effect when dBm is selected the value is converted to dBm then REL is applied to dBm If REL is applied after dBm has been selected dBm math has REL applied to it To set the reference impedance perform the following steps 1 After selecting dBm the present reference impedance is displayed 1 999992 REF 0000
41. enable registers are programmed and queried using the ENABle and ENABLe commands in the STATus Subsystem See Section 5 for more information An enable register is not cleared when it is read The following operations affect the en able registers Cycling power Clears all enable registers e STATus PREset clears the following enable registers Operation Event Enable Register Questionable Event Enable Register Measurement Event Enable Register ESE 0 Clears the Standard Event Status Enable Register Figure 4 6 Standard event status Figure 4 7 Operation event status ESR PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE OPC Standard Event B15 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Status Register E LO OR e 4 f 1 To Event a Summary Bit ESB of ia i Status Byte A Register See Figure 4 10 ESE Standard Event E PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE OPC status Enable ESE B15 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Register PON Power On URQ User Request CME Command Error EXE Execution Error DDE Device Dependent Error QYE Query Error OPC Operation Complete amp Logical AND OR Logical O
42. hold enabled the first processed reading becomes the seed reading and operation loops back within the device action block After the next reading is pro cessed it is checked to see if it is within the selected window 0 01 0 1 1 10 of the seed reading If the reading is within the window operation again loops back within the device action block This looping continues until the specified number 2 to 100 consecutive readings are within the window If one of the readings is not within the window the instrument acquires a new seed reading and the hold pro cess continues e Channel closure When stepping or scanning the last device action is to open the previous channel if closed and close the next channel Using the hold feature pro vides an auto settling time for the scanner relays Each open close transition will re Ben the hold process and a reading for each channel will not occur until the relay settles Output trigger After the device action an output trigger occurs and is available at the rear panel Trigger Link connector This trigger can be used to trigger another instrument to perform an opera tion e g select the next channel for an external scan Counters The trigger model for stepping and scanning contains additional blocks for counting sam ples the number of channels to scan and counting triggers These counters are explained in the paragraph Scan operations later in this section Reading
43. ideal for this application The leads to the input may be shielded or un shielded as necessary Refer to Shielding Widely varying temperatures within the circuit can also create thermal EMFs Therefore maintain constant temperatures to minimize these thermal EMFs A shielded enclosure around the circuit under test also helps by minimizing air currents The REL control can be used to null out constant offset voltages NOTE Additional thermals may be generated by the optional scanner cards AC voltage offset The Model 2000 at 57 digits resolution will typically display 100 counts of offset on AC volts with the input shorted This offset is caused by the offset of the TRMS converter This offset will not affect reading accuracy and should not be zeroed out using the REL feature The following equation expresses how this offset Vorrs_r is added to the signal input Vin Displayed reading d Vin Quan a Example Range 1VAC Offset 100 counts 1 0mV Input 100mV RMS Displayed reading 00m V 1 0mV Jo oiv 4 1x 107 5v Displayed reading 0 100005 The offset is seen as the last digit which is not displayed Therefore the offset is negli gible If the REL feature were used to zero the display the 100 counts of offset would be subtracted from Vix resulting in an error of 100 counts in the displayed reading See Section 3 Measurement Options for information that explain the configuration o
44. integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer lt n gt Select range 0 to 3 1 3 y UPPer Query range y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON Y AUTO Query auto range y REFerence lt n gt Specify reference 3 1 to 3 1 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF Y STATe Query state of reference Y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value y DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 6 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 COUNt Query filter count 10 STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter DETector Path to configure bandwidth BANDwidth lt NRf gt Specify bandwidth 3 to 300e3 30 BANDwidth Query bandwidth CURRent DC Path to configure DC current y NPLCycles lt n gt Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate y RANGe Path to configure measurement range y UPPer lt n gt Select range 0 to 3 1 3 y UPPer Query range y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON Y AUTO Query auto range y REFerence lt n gt Specify reference 3 1 to 3 1 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF y STATe
45. list 1 3 5 Channels 1 3 and 5 1 5 Channels 1 through 5 When this command is sent the front panel channel number annunciators are disabled Use the following query command to determine which chan nels are closed CLOSe STATe ROUTe MULTiple CLOSe S TATe Query closed channels Description This query command is used to determine which channels on the internal scanner card are closed After sending this command and addressing the instrument to talk a list of all closed channels is sent to the computer OPEN lt list gt ROUTe MULTIple OPEN lt list gt Open specified channels Parameter lt list gt chanlist Specify channels to open where chanlist is the list of channels 1 through 11 to be opened Description This command is used to open specified channels on the internal scanner card When this command is sent the channels specified in the chanlist will open Channel 11 is the 2 pole 4 pole relay Opening channel 11 selects the 4 pole operating mode Examples of a list list 1 3 5 Channels 1 3 and 5 1 5 Channels 1 through 5 SCAN commands INTernal lt list gt ROUTe SCAN INTernal lt list gt Define internal scan list and enable scan Parameter Query Description lt list gt scanlist where scanlist is the specified list of channels 1 through 10 to be scanned INTernal Query programmed scan list This command is used to define the scan list for the
46. lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter STATe Query state of digital filter OFF DETector Path to configure bandwidth BANDwidth lt NRf gt Specify bandwidth 3 to 300e3 30 BANDwidth Query bandwidth VOLTage DC Path to configure DC voltage Y NPLOycles n Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer n Select range 0 to 1010 1000 y UPPer Query range N AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON y AUTO Query auto range Y REFerence n Specify reference 1010 to 1010 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF y STATe Query state of reference 0 or 1 y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value V DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI RESistance Path to configure resistance Y NPLO
47. of an NRf number or one of the following name parameters DEFault MINimum MAXimum When the DEFault parameter is used the instrument is programmed to the RST default value When the MINimum parameter is used the instru ment is programmed to the lowest allowable value When the MAXimum parameter is used the instrument is programmed to the largest allowable value Examples TRIGger TIMer 0 1 Sets timer to 100 msec TRIGger TIMer DEFault Sets timer to 0 1 sec TRIGger TIMer MINimum Sets timer to 1 msec TRIGger TIMer MAXimum Sets timer to 999999 999 sec lt list gt List Specify one or more switching channels Examples ROUTe SCAN 1 10 Specify scan list 1 10 ROUTe SCAN 2 4 6 Specify scan list 2 4 and 6 Angle Brackets lt gt Angle brackets lt gt are used to denote a parameter type Do not include the brackets in the program message For example HOLD STATe b The b indicates that a Boolean type parameter is required Thus to enable the Hold feature you must send the command with the ON or 1 parameter as follows HOLD STATe ON or 1 Query commands This type of command requests queries the currently programmed status It is identified by the question mark at the end of the fundamental form of the command Most com mands have a query form Example TRIGger TIMer Queries the timer interval Most command that require a numeric parameter lt n gt can also use the DEFaul
48. of the instrument For example when a query command is sent the response message is placed on the Output Queue When data is placed in the Output Queue the Message Available MAV bit in the Status Byte Register sets A data message is cleared from the Output Queue when it is read The Output Queue is considered cleared when it is empty An empty Output Queue clears the MAV bit in the Status Byte Register Read a message from the Output Queue by addressing the Model 2000 multimeter to talk after the appropriate query is sent Error queue The Error Queue holds error and status messages When an error or status event occurs a message that defines the error status is placed in the Error Queue This queue will hold up to 10 messages When a message is placed in the Error Queue the Error Available EAV bit in the Status Byte Register is set An error message is cleared from the Error Status Queue when it is read The Error Queue is considered cleared when it is empty An empty Error Queue clears the EAV bit in the Status Byte Register Read an error message from the Error Queue by sending either of the following SCPI query commands and then addressing the Model 2000 to talk e SYSTem ERRor STATus QUEue See Section 5 for complete information about reading error messages Status Byte and Service Request SRQ Service request is controlled by two 8 bit registers the Status Byte Register and the Ser vice Request Enable Register
49. optional IEEE 488 2 command that is not implemented The instrument received a Group Execute Trigger GET inside a program message Bit B6 User Request URQ A set bit indicates that the LOCAL key on the Model 2000 front panel was pressed Bit B7 Power ON PON A set bit indicates that the Model 2000 has been turned off and turned back on since the last time this register has been read Figure 4 14 Standard event Bit Position status regster Event PON URQ CME EXE DDE QYE OPC Decimal Weighting 128 64 32 16 8 4 1 27 26 25 24 23 2 2 Value 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 01 0A Note Bits B8 through B15 are not shown since they are not used ent Bit Set Events PON Power On ent Bit Cleared URQ User Request CME Command Error EXE Execution Error DDE Device dependent Error QYE Query Error OPC Operation Complete Value 1 Ev 0 Ev IDN Identification Query Read the identification code Description The identification code includes the manufacturer model number serial number and firmware revision levels and is sent in the following format KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS INC MODEL 2000 xxxxxxx yyyyy zzzzz Where xxxxxxx is the serial number yyyyy zzzzz is the firmware revision levels of the digital board ROM and dis play board ROM OPC Operation Complete Set the OPC bit in the standard event status register after all pe
50. or NONE is selected the raw reading will be read CALCulate3 These commands are used to configure and control the CALC3 limit test DATA n CALCulate3 LIMit 1 UPPer DATA n Specify upper limit1 CALCulate3 LIMit 1 LOWEer DATA n Specify lower limit Parameters n 100e6 to 100e6Specify limit value DEFault Set specified upper limit to 1 Set specified lower limit to 1 MINimum Set specified limit to 100e6 MAXimum Set specified limit to 100e6 Description This command is used to specify the upper and lower limit for LIMIT1 The actual limit depends on which measurement function is currently se lected For example a limit value of 1 is 1V for the volts functions DCV or ACV 1A for the current functions DCI or ACI 1O on the ohms func tions 2 or 4 and 1 C F or K for the temperature function TEMP A limit value is not range sensitive A limit of 1 for DCV is 1V on all mea surement ranges STATE lt b gt CALCulate3 LIMit 1 STATE lt b gt Control LIMIT1 test Parameters lt b gt 0 or off Disable limit test 1 or on Enable limit test Query STATe Query state on or off of limit test Description This command is used to enable or disable the LIMIT1 test When en abled the test sequence for limits will be performed every time the instru ment performs a measurement A failed indication see FAIL for LIMIT1 is cleared when the limit test is disabled FAIL CALCulate3 LI
51. out of the idle state and places opera tion at point B in the flowchart For the first pass through the model the scanner does not wait at point B for a trig ger Instead it closes the first channel After the relay settles the Model 7001 7002 outputs a Channel Ready pulse Since the instrument is programmed to scan ten channels operation loops back up to point B where it waits for an input trigger and F Remember that the Model 2000 operation is at point A waiting for a trig ger The output Channel Ready pulse from the Model 7001 7002 triggers the multimeter to measure DUT 1 point E After the measurement is complete the Model 2000 outputs a completion pulse point F and then loops back to point A where it waits for another input trigger The trigger applied to the Model 7001 7002 from the Model 2000 closes the next channel in the scan This triggers the multimeter to measure the next DUT The process continues until all ten channels are scanned and measured Figure 3 9 DIN to BNC trig ger cable External triggering with BNC connections An adapter cable is available to connect the micro DIN Trigger Link of the Model 2000 to instruments with BNC trigger connections The Model 8503 DIN to BNC Trigger Cable has a micro DIN connector at one end and two BNC connectors at the other end The BNC ca bles are labeled VMC trigger line 1 and EXT TRIG trigger line 2 Figure 3 9 shows how a Keithley Model 70
52. paired to Channel 8 Channel 4 is paired to Channel 9 Channel 5 is paired to Channel 10 Examples 2 pole mode 4 pole mode rout clos 2 Close channel 2 Close channels 2 and 7 rout clos 4 Close channel 4 Close channels 5 and 9 rout clos 7 Close channel 7 Not valid When a channel or channel pair is closed using this command the chan nel annunciator that corresponds to that channel is displayed Note that for 4 pole operation the annunciator for the paired channel is not dis played For example if channel pair 4 and 9 is closed only the CH4 an nunciator is displayed CLOSe STATe ROUTe CLOSe STATe Query closed channel or channel pair Description The response message for this query command indicates the channel or channel pair that has been closed on the internal scanner card using the rout close chan num command or channels closed from the front pan el Note that for 4 pole operation the paired channel is not included in the response message For example if channel pair 4 and 9 has been closed the 4 response message will be returned NOTE For 4 pole operation the rout mult close query command includes the paired channel in the response message see Multiple channel control The rout close query command will not indicate channels that have been closed using the rout mult close lt list gt command see Multiple channel control Channels cannot be closed if a scan internal or external
53. specified channel of internal scan card where n 0 Open all channels 1 through 10 close specified chan nel Note For 4 wire ohms only channels 1 through 5 are valid due to automatic channel pairing SRQ disabled default SRQ on overrange SRQ on data available SRQ on any error Note Add SRQ mask values for combinations Example 33 for SRQ on overrange or any error E IEEE 488 Bus Overview IEEE 488 Bus Overview Basically the IEEE 488 bus is simply a communication system between two or more elec tronic devices A device can be either an instrument or a computer When a computer is used on the bus it serves to supervise the communication exchange between all the devices and is known as the controller Supervision by the controller consists of determining which device will talk and which device will listen As a talker a device will output information and as a listener a device will receive information To simplify the task of keeping track of the devices a unique address number is assigned to each one On the bus only one device can talk at a time and is addressed to talk by the controller The device that is talking is known as the active talker The devices that need to listen to the talker are addressed to listen by the controller Each listener is then referred to as an active listener Devices that do not need to listen are instructed to unlisten The reason for the un listen instruction is to optimize the
54. status register set has an event register An event register is a latched read only register whose bits are set by the corresponding condition register Once a bit in an event register is set it remains set latched until the register is cleared by a specific clearing operation The bits of an event register are logically ANDed with the bits of the corresponding enable register and applied to an OR gate The output of the OR gate is applied to the Status Byte Register Use the ESR Common Command to read the Standard Event Register All other event registers are read using the EVENt query commands in the STATus Subsystem See Sec tion 5 for more information An event register is cleared when it is read The following operations clear all event reg isters Cycling power Sending CLS Enable registers As Figure 4 5 shows each status register set has an enable register An enable register is programmed by you and serves as a mask for the corresponding event register An event bit is masked when the corresponding bit in the enable register is cleared 0 When masked a set bit in an event register cannot set a bit in the Status Byte Register 1 AND 0 0 To use the Status Byte Register to detect events i e serial poll you must unmask the events by setting 1 the appropriate bits of the enable registers To program and query the Standard Event Status Register use the ESE and ESE Common Commands respectively All other
55. the trigger Source Triggers a measurement from the front panel Enables reading storage Displays stored readings and buffer statistics maximum minimum av erage standard deviation Use A and to scroll through buffer use and gt to toggle between reading number and reading Displays digital filter status for present function and toggles filter on off Enables disables relative reading on present function Moves through selections within functions and operations If scanner card installed manually scans channels Opens all channels on internal scanner card stops scanning Closes selected internal channel Steps through channels sends a trigger after each channel Scans through channels sends a trigger after last channel Changes number of digits of resolution Changes reading rate fast medium slow Cancels selection moves back to measurement display Accepts selection moves to next choice or back to measurement dis play Used to access shifted keys Cancels GPIB remote mode Shifted operation keys DELAY HOLD LIMITS ON OFF TEST CAL SAVE SETUP CONFIG HALT GPIB RS232 Range keys AUTO Annunciators asterisk gt diode av speaker more 4W AUTO BUFFER CH 1 10 ERR FAST FILT HOLD LSTN MATH MED REAR REL REM SCAN SHIFT SLOW SRQ STAT STEP TALK TIMER TRIG Sets user delay between trigger and measurement Holds reading when the selected number of s
56. to the following safety precautions Before making or breaking connections to the scanner card make sure the Model 2000 power is turned off and power is removed from all external circuitry Do not connect signals that will exceed the maximum specifica tions of the scanner card If both the front panel terminals and the scanner card terminals are connect ed at the same time the maximum signal ratings of the front panel terminals are reduced to the maximum signal ratings of the scanner card As described in the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC Stan dard IEC 664 scanner cards are Installation Category and must not be con nected to mains Scanning overview A scanner lets you switch among a number of input signals to the Model 2000 for mea surement The channel control and scanning capabilities depend on whether an internal or external card is being used as well as on the capabilities of the scanner card Refer to the documentation supplied with the scanner card for specific connection information Using an internal scanner card The optional Model 2000 SCAN scanner card lets you step through or scan up to ten 2 pole channels or five 4 pole channels The optional Model 2001 TCSCAN Thermocouple General Purpose Scanner Card lets you multiplex one of nine 2 pole or one of four 4 pole analog signals into the Model 2000 and or any combination of 2 or 4 pole analog signals Using external scanner cards When using e
57. wish to be set is the Figure 4 13 Standard event enable register parameter value that is sent with the ESE command For example to set the CME and QYE bits of the Standard Event Enable Register send the following command ESE 36 Where CME bit B5 Decimal 32 QYE bit B2 Decimal 4 lt NRf gt 36 If a command error CME occurs bit B5 of the Standard Event Status Register sets If a query error QYE occurs bit B2 of the Standard Event Status Register sets Since both of these events are unmasked enabled the occurrence of any one of them causes the ESB bit in the Status Byte Register to set Read the Standard Event Status Register using the ESE query command B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 x fora es fone ve 128 64 32 16 8 4 27 2 25 4 e on on on on 1 orf Note Bits B8 through B15 are not shown since they are not used Bit Position BO Event Decimal Weighting Value Events PON Power On URQ User Request CME Command Error EXE Execution Error DDE Device dependent Error QYE Query Error OPC Operation Complete Value 1 Enable Standard Event 0 Disable Mask Standard Event ESR Event Status Register Query Read the standard event status register and clear it Description Use this command to acquire the value in decimal of the Standard Event Register see Figure 4 14 The binary equivalent of the returned de
58. with a GPIB address of 16 When the multimeter powers up it momentarily displays the primary address You can set the address to a value of 0 30 Do not assign the same address to another device or to a controller that are on the same GPIB bus Usually controller addresses are 0 or 21 but see the controllers instruction manual for de tails Make certain that the address of the controller is the same as that specified in the con trollers programming language To change the primary address follow these steps 1 Access the GPIB configuration settings by pressing SHIFT then GPIB You see GPIB ON with GPIB blinking Go to Address choice by pressing the key You see ADDR 16 Go to the numeric field by pressing the key Enter a new address from 0 30 by using the and press ENTER 5 Return to the main display by pressing EXIT QuickBASIC 4 5 programming Programming examples are written in Microsoft QuickBASIC 4 5 using the Keithley KPC 488 2 or Capital Equipment Corporation IEEE interface and the HP style Universal Lan guage Driver CECHP Install the universal language driver Before any programming example can be run the Universal Language Driver must first be installed To install the driver from the DOS prompt enter this command cechp If you include the CECHP command in your AUTOEXEC BAT file the driver will automat ically be installed every time you turn on your computer About program fragments Prog
59. 15 B14 B13 B9 B8 B7 B5 B4 B3 BO Figure 5 5 Questionable Event Wam e Temp event register Decimal Weighting 16384 256 16 214 28 24 Value 0 0 Er 0 1 0 1 Value 1 Questionable Event Bit Set Events Warn Command Warning 0 Questionable Event Bit Cleared Cal Calibration Summary Temp Temperature Summary Figure 5 6 Operation event register Bit Position Event Decimal Weighting Value Operation Event Register SCPI Command Reference Bits BO through B3 Not used Bit B4 Measuring Meas Set bit indicates that the instrument is per forming a measurement 5 55 Bit B5 Triggering Trig Set bit indicates that the instrument is in the Device Action block of the Trigger Model Bits B6 through B9 Not used Bit B10 Idle Set bit indicates that the instruments in the idle state Bits B11 through B15 Not used B15 B14 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Idle Trig Meas 1024 32 16 210 25 24 0 0 1 o 71 O71 Value 1 Operation Event Set Events Idle Idle state of the 2000 0 Operation Event Cleared Trig Triggering Meas Measuring 5 56 SCPI Command Reference ENABle command ENABle lt Nrf gt STATus MEASurement ENABle lt NRf gt Program Measuremen
60. 16 lt NRf gt 48 The contents of the Service Request Enable Register can be read using the SRE query command Bit Position B7 Bo B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Figure 4 15 Service request enable register Event Decimal Weighting 128 32 16 8 4 27 25 24 23 2 2 Value 0 1 0n 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 Value 1 Enable Service Request Events OSB Operation Summary Bit Event ESB Event Summary Bit 0 Disable Mask Service MAV Message Available Request Event QSB Questionable Summary Bit EAV Error Available MSB Measurement Summary Bit STB Status Byte Query Read status byte register Description Use the STB query command to acquire the value in decimal of the Status Byte Reg ister The Status Byte Register is shown in Figure 4 16 The binary equivalent of the decimal value determines which bits in the register are set All bits except Bit B6 in this register are set by other event registers and queues Bit 6 sets when one or more enabled conditions occur The STB query command does not clear the status byte register This register can only be cleared by clearing the related registers and queues See status structure for details For example for an acquired decimal value of 48 the binary equivalent is 00110000 This binary value indicates that bits 4 and 5 if the Status Byte Register are set The bits of the Status Byte Register are desc
61. 2 Description Send machine status word 199 format only Send error conditions only supports no scanner IDDC IDDCO Send Translator word list since Translator is not sup ported replies with one space character Send buffer size Send current value of V 199 format equivalent to U7 for 196 Send input switch status front rear 199 format equivalent to U8 for 196 Send simulated temperature set by HO Auto Cal multiplex disabled Auto Cal multiplex enabled n delay period in milliseconds Omsec to 999999msec Display up to 12 character message a character Cancel display mode Open all stop scanning or stepping if applicable Close channel 1 Close channel 2 Close channel 3 Close channel 4 Close channel 5 Close channel 6 Close channel 7 Close channel 8 Close channel 9 Close channel 10 Step mode max channel is 2 Step mode max channel is 3 Step mode max channel is 4 Step mode max channel is 5 Step mode max channel is 6 Step mode max channel is 7 Step mode max channel is 8 Step mode max channel is 9 Step mode max channel is 10 Open all stop scanning or stepping if applicable Scan mode max channel is 2 Scan mode max channel is 3 Scan mode max channel is 4 Scan mode max channel is 5 Scan mode max channel is 6 Scan mode max channel is 7 Scan mode max channel is 8 Scan mode max channel is 9 Scan mode max channel is 10 Type J thermocouple Type K thermocouple Type T thermo
62. 6 Scanner can be connected to the Trigger Link of the Model 2000 using the adapter cable With this adapter a Model 706 could be substi tuted for the Model 7001 7002 in the previous example With the Model 706 set for External Triggering the test would start when the single scan mode is selected and initiated If the Model 2000 trigger line configuration has been changed from the factory setting the Model 8502 Trigger Link Adapter must be used to interface with instruments having BNC trigger connections It has two micro DIN connectors and six BNC connectors one for each trigger line Model 8503 DIN to BNC Trigger Cable o Channel Ready External B isser E 706 Scanner 2000 Multimeter Buffer operations The Model 2000 has a buffer to store from two to 1024 readings and units It also stores the channel number for scanned readings and overflow readings In addition recalled data includes statistical information such as minimum maximum average and standard devia tion The buffer fills with the requested number of readings and stops Readings are placed in the buffer after any math operations are performed Buffered data is overwritten each time the storage operation is selected The data is volatile it is not saved through a power cycle The following pa
63. A Read result of kmath calculation CALCulate2 Subsystem to control CALC 2 y FORMat lt name gt Select math format MEAN SDEViation MAXimum NONE N MINimum or NONE FORMat Query math format y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable calculation Note Y STATe Query state of math function V IMMediate Recalculate raw input data in buffer y IMMediate Perform calculation and read result v DATA Read math result of CALC 2 y CALCulate3 Subsystem to control CALC 3 limit test Y LIMit 1 Path to control LIMIT 1 test Y UPPer Path to configure upper limit Y DATA n Set upper limit 100e6 to 10066 1 y DATA Query upper limit y LOWer Path to configure lower limit V DATA n Set lower limit 100e6 to 10066 1 Y DATA Query lower limit Y SSTATe b Enable or disable limit test OFF Y STATe Query state of limit test Y FAIL Query test result 1 pass 0 fail Y CLEAR Path to clear failed test N IMMediate Clear failed test indication Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto clear ON Y AUTO Query auto clear Y IMMediate Re perform limit tests Y Note ON is the RST default parameter and OFF is the SYSTem PRESet default Table 5 3 DISPlay command summary d Default Command Description parameter SCPI DISPlay WINDow 1 y TEXT Path to control user text messages Note 1 y DATA lt a gt Define ASCII message a up to 12 characte
64. BAUD rate Access the baud rate list by pressing the P key You see the rate selection blinking Scroll through the available rates by pressing the and key until you find the rate you want 5 Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER The multimeter prompts you to define signal handshaking Continue on for information about handshaking You can return to measurement mode by pressing EXIT Signal handshaking between the controller and the instrument allows the two devices to communicate to each other regarding being ready or not ready to receive data The Model 2000 does not support hardware handshaking flow control Software flow control is in the form of X__ON and X__OFF characters and is enabled when XonXoF F is selected from the RS232 FLOW menu When the input queue of the Mod el 2000 becomes more than 3 4 full the instrument issues an X_OFF command The control program should respond to this and stop sending characters until the Model 2000 issues the X_ON which it will do once its input buffer has dropped below half full The Model 2000 rec ognizes X_ON and X_OFF sent from the controller An X_OFF will cause the Model 2000 to stop outputting characters until it sees an X_ON Incoming commands are processed after the lt CR gt character is received from the controller If NONE is the selected flow control then there will be no signal handshaking between the controller and the Model 2000 Data will be lost if transmitted before
65. CAL will not restore control to the front panel The GTL command restores control to the front panel Program fragment PRINT 1 remote 16 Place 2000 in remote PRINT 1 local lockout Lock out front panel includ ing LOCAL key SLEEP 6 Wait 6 seconds PRINT 41 local 16 Restore front panel operation Use the GTL command to put a remote mode instrument into local mode The GTL com mand also restores front panel key operation Program fragment PRINT 1 remote 16 Place 2000 in remote SLEEP 3 Wait 3 seconds PRINT 1 local 16 Place 2000 in local mode Use the DCL command to clear the GPIB interface and return it to a known state Note that the DCL command is not an addressed command so all instruments equipped to im plement DCL will do so simultaneously When the Model 2000 multimeter receives a DCL command it clears the Input Buffer and Output Queue cancels deferred commands and clears any command that prevents the processing of any other device command A DCL does not affect instrument settings and stored data Program fragment PRINT 1 clear Clear all devices The SDC command is an addressed command that performs essentially the same func tion as the DCL command However since each device must be individually addressed the SDC command provides a method to clear only selected instruments instead of clearing all instruments simultaneously as is the case with DCL Program fragment PRINT 1 clear 16
66. CLOSe lt list gt Close specified channels 1 to 11 STATe Query closed channel OPEN lt list gt Open specified channels 1 to 11 y SCAN Path to scan channels v INTernal lt list gt Specify internal scan list 2 to 10 channels 1 10 Y INTernal Query internal scan list EXTernal lt list gt Specify external scan list 2 to 800 channels 1 10 EXTernal Query external scan list LSELect lt name gt Select scan operation INTernal EXTernal or NONE NONE LSELect Query scan operation Table 5 6 SENSe command summary Ac Default Command Description parameter SCPI SENSe 1 FUNCtion lt name gt Select measurement function VOLTage AC VOLTage VOLT DC v DC RESistance FRESistance CURRent AC CUR Rent DC FREQuency TEMPerature PERiod DIODe CONTinuity 4 FUNCtion Query function d DATA Return the last instrument reading HOLD Path to control Hold feature WINDow lt NRf gt Set Hold window 0 01 to 20 1 WINDow Query Hold window COUNt lt NRf gt Set Hold count 2 to 100 5 COUNt Query Hold count STATe lt NRf gt Enable or disable Hold OFF STATe Query state of Hold Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI CURRent AC Path to configure AC current Y NPLOycles n Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 y NPLCycles Query line cycle
67. Clear 2000 GET is a GPIB trigger that is used as an arm scan and or measure event to control op eration The Model 2000 multimeter reacts to this trigger if it is the programmed control source The control source is programmed from the SCPI TRIGger subsystem With the instrument programmed and waiting for a GPIB trigger the following program fragment will provide the GET Program fragment PRINT 1 trigger 16 Trigger 2000 from over the bus This sends IEEE 488 commands UNT UNL LISTEN 16 GET When the command is ex ecuted the trigger event occurs The command TRIGGER just sends GET Any other lis teners are triggered when the command is executed SPE SPD serial polling Use the serial polling sequence to obtain the Model 2000 serial poll byte The serial poll byte contains important information about internal functions see status structure Gener ally the serial polling sequence is used by the controller to determine which of several in struments has requested service with the SRQ line However the serial polling sequence may be performed at any time to obtain the status byte from the Model 2000 multimeter Program fragment PRINT 1 spoll 16 Serial poll the 2000 INPUT 2 S Read serial poll byte PRINT S Display the decimal value of the serial poll byte Front panel GPIB operation This section describes aspects of the front panel that are part of GPIB operation including messages status indicat
68. EEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers in 1975 The Model 2000 multimeter conforms to these standards e IEEE 488 1987 1 e EEE 488 1987 2 This standard defines a syntax for sending data to and from instruments how an instru ment interprets this data what registers should exist to record the state of the instrument and a group of common commands e SCPI 1991 Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments This standard defines a command language protocol It goes one step farther than IEEE 488 1987 2 and defines a standard set of commands to control every programmable aspect of an instrument GPIB bus connections To connect the Model 2000 multimeter to the GPIB bus use a cable equipped with stan dard IEEE 488 connectors as shown in Figure 4 2 IEEE 488 con ed 1 nector i i pus To allow many parallel connections to one instrument stack the connector Two screws are located on each connector to ensure that connections remain secure Current standards call for metric threads which are identified with dark colored screws Earlier versions had different screws which were silver colored Do not use these types of connectors on the Model 2000 multimeter because it is designed for metric threads Figure 4 3 shows a typical connecting scheme for a multi unit test system Instrument Instrument Instrument Figure 4 3 IEEE 488 con nections Controller To
69. EOI E 6 IEEE 488 Bus Overview The signal lines on the IEEE 488 bus are grouped into three different categories data lines management lines and handshake lines The data lines handle bus data and com mands while the management and handshake lines ensure that proper data transfer and operation takes place Each bus line is active low with approximately zero volts representing a logic 1 true The following paragraphs describe the operation of these lines The IEEE 488 bus uses eight data lines that transfer data one byte at a time DIO1 Data Input Output through DIO8 Data Input Output are the eight data lines used to transmit both data and multiline commands and are bidirectional The data lines operate with low true log ic The five bus management lines help to ensure proper interface control and management These lines are used to send the uniline commands ATN Attention The ATN line is one of the more important management lines in that the state of this line determines how information on the data bus is to be interpreted IFC Interface Clear As the name implies the IFC line controls clearing of instruments from the bus REN Remote Enable The REN line is used to place the instrument on the bus in the remote mode EOI End or Identify The EOI is usually used to mark the end of a multi byte data trans fer sequence SRQ Service Request This line is used by devices when they require service f
70. Error SE 971 Data Available SE 972 Overrange SE EE error event SE status event SYS system error event NOTE SCPl confirmed messages are described in Volume 2 Command Reference of the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments Refer to the SYS Tem ERRor command Example Programs Example Programs All examples presume QuickBASIC version 4 5 or higher and a CEC IEEE 488 interface card with CEC driver version 2 11 or higher with the Model 2000 at address 16 on the IEEE 488 bus The Model 2000 has independent controls for each of its measurement functions This means for example that autorange can be turned on for DC voltage while leaving it off for AC voltage Another difference is in the parameter to the range command In other instruments a sin gle number was used to denote each range The parameter of the SCPI RANGe command is given as the maximum value to measure The instrument interprets this parameter and goes to the appropriate range When you query the range with RANGe the instrument sends back the full scale value of its present range The following example program illustrates changing function and range It sets the range for several functions then takes readings on each of those functions Note that the Model 2000 rounds the range parameter to an integer before choosing the appropriate range Sending VOLTage DC RANGe 20 45 will set the Model 2000 to the 100V range Example
71. Event detection is satisfied when an input trigger via the TRIGGER LINK connector is received by the Model 2000 Multimeter BUS Event detection is satisfied when a bus trigger GET or TRG is received by the Model 2000 Multimeter Delay A programmable delay is available after the event detection The delay can be manually set from 0 to 999999 999 seconds or Auto Delay can be used With Auto Delay enabled the instrument automatically selects a delay based on the selected function and range See the Auto Delay table in Section 3 for delay times Auto Delay is typically used for scanning The nominal delay will be just long enough to allow each relay to settle before making the measurement Device Action Figure 4 12 provides a detailed look at the device action If the repeat filter is enabled then the instrument samples the specified number of reading conversions Figure 4 12 Device action trigger model to yield a single filtered reading If the moving filter is active or filter is disabled then only one reading conversion is performed From Delay block of To Output Trigger block of Trigger Model See Figure 4 11 Trigger Model See Figure 4 11 AN Device Action Y Conv Conv Conv Hold Chan Filtering Process Filter enabled Conv Reading conversion Hold Hold Feature process if enabled Chan Close channel if scanning If
72. Figure 4 10 shows the structure of these registers Figure 4 10 Status byte and service request SRQ Status Summary Messages Service Request Generation A STB B B6 ESB MAVI QSB EAV MSB Serial Poll B7 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO y gt y Y Y 7 Read by Serial Poll RQS MSS Status Byte Register amp amp I amp OR o p i O i i A SRE OSB ESB MAV QSB EAV MSB SRE B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO OSB Operation Summary Bit MSS Master Summary Status RQS Request for Service ESB Event Summary Bit MAV Message Available QSB Questionable Summary Bit EAV Error Available MSB Measurement Summary Bit amp Logical AND OR Logical OR 7 Read by STB Service Request Enable Register Status Byte Register The summary messages from the status registers and queues are used to set or clear the appropriate bits BO B2 B3 B4 B5 and B7 of the Status Byte Register These bits do not latch and their states 0 or 1 are solely dependent on the summary messages 0 or 1 For example if the Standard Event Status Register is read its register will clear As a result its summary message will reset to 0 which in turn will clear the ESB
73. GPIB primary address of the instrument must be the same as the primary address you specify in the controller s programming language The default primary address of the instrument is 16 but you can set the address to any value from 0 to 30 by using the following step by step instructions 1 2 3i 4 5 Press SHIFT then GPIB Usethe and keysto select ADDRess Or press ENTER Once you have pressed ENTER the unit automatically displays the address selection Use the 4 and keys to toggle from ADDRess to the numeric entry Notice the values are blinking Usethe and keysto change the numeric entries to the desired address Press ENTER See Section Four Remote Operation for more GPIB information Warm up time The Model 2000 is ready for use as soon as the power up sequence has completed However to achieve rated accuracy allow the instrument to warm up for one hour If the instrument has been subjected to extreme temperatures allow additional time for internal temperatures to stabilize Display The display of the Model 2000 is primarily used to display readings along with the units and type of measurement Annunciators are located on the top bottom right and left of the reading or message display The annunciators indicate various states of operation See Fig ure 2 1 for a complete listing of annunciators Status and error messages Status and error messages are displayed momentarily During Model 2000 op
74. H for DCI ACI ACV DCV Q2 04 TEMP 6H digits for DCI ACI ACV DCV 02 O4 TEMP Query selected resolution Query RST default resolution Query minimum allowable resoltuion Query maximum allowable resolution Description These commands are used to select display resolution for the specified measurement function Even though the parameters for this command are expressed as integers 4 to 7 you can specify resolution using real numbers For example to select 3H digit resolution let lt n gt 3 5 for 4H digit let lt n gt 4 5 and so on Internally the instrument rounds the entered parameter value to the nearest integer AVERage commands The AVERage commands are used to configure and control the filter The Filter is explained in Section 3 SSTATe lt b gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for 04 SENSe 1 TEMPerature AVERage STATe lt b gt Control filter for TEMP Parameters lt b gt 0 or OFFDisable the digital filter 10rON Enable the digital filter Query STATe Query state of digital filter Description These commands are used to
75. L SEND 16 init status Initialize reading while the 2000 is busy taking readings reading SPACES 4000 WaitSRQ IF NOT srq THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL 16 poll status IF poll AND 64 0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CA CA 1 SEND 16 stat meas status ENTER SS length 16 status CALL SEND 16 form elem read unit status CALL SEND 16 trac data status CALL ENTER readings length 16 status PRINT reading NOTE To repeat buffer storage send the following command and then repeat the steps following the Start everything comment in the above example CALL SEND 16 feed cont next status The Model 2000 SCAN is an optional 10 channel scanner card for the Model 2000 Mul timeter Only one channel can be closed at a time If you close a channel while another is already closed the first one opens with break before make operation You can use the scanner card two ways One is to issue a command to close a particular channel before sending other commands to take readings The other way is to program the scan list and let the meter take care of closing a channel before taking a reading The following example program measures DC volts on channel 1 AC volts on channel 2 and 2 wire resistance on channel 3 using the ROUTe CLOSe command scanner channels For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit t
76. MINimum MAXimum Query NPLCycles NPLCycles DEFault NPLCycles MINimum NPLCycles MAXimum Set NPLC for ACI Set NPLC for DCI Set NPLC for ACV Set NPLC for DCV Set NPLC for Q2 Set NPLC for O4 Set NPLC for TEMP Power line cycles per integration 1 0 01 10 Query programmed NPLC value Query RST default value Query minimum NPLC value Query maximum NPLC value Description The integration period measurement speed for the basic measuement functions except Frequency and Period is set using the NPLCycle com mand NPLC Number of Power Line Cycles expresses the integration period by basing it on the power line frequency For example for a PLC of 1 the integration period in seconds would be 1 60 for 60Hz line power which is 16 67msec RANGe commands UPPer n SENSe 1 CURRent AC RANGe UPPer n Set measurement range for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC RANGe UPPer lt n gt Set measurement range for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC RANGe UPPer lt n gt Set measurement range for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC RANGe UPPer n Set measurement range for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance RANGe UPPer lt n gt Set measurement range for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance RANGe UPPer lt n gt Set measurement range for O4 Parameters lt n gt 0to3 1Expected reading is amps ACI and DCI 0 to 757 5 Expected reading is AC volts ACV 0 to 1010 Expected reading in DC volts DCV 0 to 12066 Expected reading is ohms Q2
77. Mit 1 FAIL Read LIMIT1 test result Description This command is used to read the results of the LIMIT1 test 0 Limit test failed 1 Limit test passed The response message 0 or 1 only tells you if a limit test has passed or failed It does not tell you which limit upper or lower has failed To de termine which limit has failed you will have to read the Measurement Event Register Reading the results of a limit test does not clear the fail indication of the test A failure can be cleared by using a CLEar command or by disabling the test STATe OFF CLEar commands IMMediate CALCulate3 LIMit 1 CLEar IMMediate Clear LIMIT1 test failure Description This action command is used to clear the fail indication of the LIMIT1 test Note that a failure is also cleared when the limit test is disabled STATe OFF AUTO lt b gt CALCulate3 LIMit 1 CLEar AUTO lt b gt Control auto clear Parameters lt b gt 1 or ON Enable auto clear for limit failure 0 or OFF Disable auto clear for limit failure Query AUTO Query state of auto clear Description With auto clear enabled the fail indication of a limit test clears when in strument operation enters the idle state With auto clear disabled the fail indication will remain until it is cleared by the CLEar IMMediate com mand IMMediate CALCulate3 IMMediate Perform CALC3 Description When you change the configuration of the limit test the next reading is evalu
78. NEV Sense Subsystem Com mands RANG AUTO OFF RANG UPP REF presently displayed reading REF ACQ ROUT CLOS ROUT SCAN LSEL NONE ROUT OPEN ALL ROUT SCAN LSEL NONE ROUT SCAN INT ROUT SCAN LSEL INT Valid function command words i e VOLT DC VOLT AC etc Specifications are subject to change without notice All Keithley trademarks and trade names are the property of Keithley Instruments Inc All other trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective companies KEITHLEY A GREATER MEASURE Qi F CONFIDENCE Keithley Instruments Inc Corporate Headquarters 28775 Aurora Road Cleveland Ohio 44139 440 248 0400 Fax 440 248 6168 1 888 KEITHLEY www keithley com 12 06
79. NOTES The dB calculation takes the absolute value of the ratio Vig VREF The largest negative value of dB is 160dB This will accommodate a ratio of Viy 1uV and VREF 1000V The Model 2000 uses the 1kQ range to measure circuit continuity After selecting conti nuity the unit prompts you for a threshold resistance level 1Q 1000Q The Model 2000 alerts you with a beep when a reading is below the set level To measure the continuity of a circuit press SHIFT then CONT set the threshold resis tance level and connect the circuit NOTE Continuity has a non selectable reading rate of FAST 0 1 PLC Connect the circuit you want to test to the INPUT HI and INPUT LO terminals of the Model 2000 The test current flows from the INPUT HI as shown in Figure 2 9 Figure 2 9 Model 2000 Continuity mea surements TUNER m cnm f 5252525 5 o e CL CL CLCILD take Under Test E CELO GIS GI GI i Note Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals You can define a threshold resistance from 1Q to 1000 The factory setting is 109 Fol low these steps to define the resistance level 1 Press SHIFT then CONT Use the 4 and keys to choose a numerical place and use the A and W keys to increment or decrement the digits Enter a value from 1 to 1000 3 Press ENTER to confirm your setting Testing diodes With a Model 2000 you can measure the forward voltage drop of general purpose diodes
80. NT END srq PRINT SRQ Has Occurred RQS bit B6 is set 1 RETURN Trigger model GPIB operation This section describes how the Model 2000 Multimeter operates over the GPIB bus The flowchart in Figure 4 11 summarizes operation over the bus and is called the trigger model It is called the trigger model because operation is controlled by SCPI commands from the Trigger subsystem see Section 5 for more information Key SCPI commands are included in the trigger model Figure 4 11 APOT Trigger model Oo BS remote opera SYST PRES tion Language Change aie INIT IMM or and INIT CONT ON Initiate INIT IMM or rINIT CONT ON 2 Yes KK Trigger Signal Yes Another K Trigger NA Trigger Count n Infinite Control Event Source Detection Output Trigger Source Immediate Trigger Trigger Source External Trigger Source Timer Trigger Source Manual Trigger Source BUS Another Sample Sample Count lt n gt Trigger Delay n Trigger Delay AUTO lt b gt pelay Device Action see Figure 4 12 Idle and initiate The instrument is considered to be in the idle state whenever it is not operating While in the idle state the instrument cannot perform any measure or scan functions You can send two commands over the bus to remove the instrument from the idle state INITiate
81. O particularly for low level sources Improper shielding can cause the Model 2000 to behave in one or more of the following ways Unexpected offset voltages Inconsistent readings between ranges Sudden shifts in reading To minimize pick up keep the voltage source and the Model 2000 away from strong AC magnetic sources The voltage induced due to magnetic flux is proportional to the area of the loop formed by the inputleads Therefore minimize the loop area of the input leads and connect each signal at only one point NOTE X Shielded cables should be used for input circuits to avoid interference caused by conducting RF Thermal EMFs Thermal EMFs thermoelectric potentials are generated by thermal differences between the junctions of dissimilar metals These can be large compared to the signal that the Model 2000 can measure Thermal EMFs can cause the following conditions Instability or zero offset is much higher than expected Thereading is sensitive to and responds to temperature changes This effect can be demonstrated by touching the circuit by placing a heat source near the circuit or by a regular pattern of instability corresponding to changes in sunlight or the activa tion of heating and air conditioning systems To minimize the drift caused by thermal EMFs use copper leads to connect the circuit to the Model 2000 A banana plug generates a few microvolts A clean copper conductor such as 10 bus wire is
82. O LOCAL SDC SELECTIVE DEVICE CLEAR STATUS COMMAND GROUP RQS REQUEST SERVICE SRQ SERIAL POLL REQUEST STB STATUS BYTE EOI END The interface function codes which are part of the IEEE 488 standards define an instru ment s ability to support various interface functions and should not be confused with pro gramming commands found elsewhere in this manual The interface function codes for the Model 2000 are listed in Table E 6 The codes define Model 2000 capabilities as follows Table E 6 Model 2000 interface function codes Code Interface function SH1 Source Handshake capability AH1 Acceptor Handshake capability T5 Talker basic talker talk only serial poll unaddressed to talk on LAG L4 Listener basic listener unaddressed to listen on TAG SR1 Service Request capability RL1 Remote Local capability PPO No Parallel Poll capability DC1 Device Clear capability DT1 Device Trigger capability CO No Controller capability E1 Open collector bus drivers TEO No Extended Talker capability LEO No Extended Listener capability SH Source Handshake Function SH1 defines the ability of the instrument to initiate the transfer of message data over the data bus AH Acceptor Handshake Function AH1 defines the ability of the instrument to guar antee proper reception of message data transmitted over the data bus T Talker Function The ability of the instrument to send data over the b
83. PERation query command see Section 5 for details Figure 4 16 Status byte regis Bit Position B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO ter Event osB MSS esg MAV QSB EAV MSB RQS Decimal Weighting 128 64 32 16 8 4 1 Q7 Q9 Q5 24 23 2 2 Value Value 1 Event Bit Set Events OSB Operation Summary Bit 0 Event Bit Cleared MSS Master Summary Status RQS Request Service ESB Event Summary Bit MAV Message Available QSB Questionable Summary Bit EAV Error Available MSB Measurement Summary Bit TRG Trigger Send bus trigger to 2000 Description Use the TRG command to issue a GPIB trigger to the Model 2000 It has the same effect as a group execute trigger GET Use the TRG command as an event to control operation The Model 2000 reacts to this trigger if BUS is the programmed control source The control source is programmed from the TRIGger subsystem see Section 5 TST Self Test Query Run self test and read result Description Use this query command to perform a checksum test on ROM The command places the coded result 0 or 1 in the Output Queue When the Model 2000 is addressed to talk the coded result is sent from the Output Queue to the computer A returned value of zero 0 indicates that the test passed and a value of one 1 indicates that the test has failed WAI Wait to Continue Prevent execution of commands
84. Q Current AC and DC Digits AC 5 2 Digits DC 6 Filter On Count 10 Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate AC Medium DETector BANDwidth 30 Rate DC Medium 1 PLC Diode test Digits 67 Range 1mA Rate Medium 1 PLC Frequency and Period Digits EE Range Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate Slow 1 sec Y DCV Function GPIB No effect Address 16 at factory Language SCPI at factory Limits ct Beeper bus High limit i Low limit Off mX b 10 Scale factor 0 0 Offset Percent Off 1 0 References Table 2 2 cont Factory defaults Setting Factory default Resistance 2 wire and 4 wire Digits 6 Filter On Count 10 Mode Moving average Range Auto Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate Medium 1 PLC RS 232 Off Baud No effect Flow No effect Tx term No effect Scanning Off Channels 1 10 Mode Internal Temperature Digits 5 Filter On Count 10 Mode Moving average Junction Simulated Temperature 23 C Relative Off Value 0 0 Rate Medium 1 PLC Thermocouple J Units C Triggers Continuous On Delay Auto Source Immediate Table 2 2 cont Factory defaults Setting Voltage AC and DC dB reference dBm reference Digits AC Digits DC Filter Count Mode Range Relative Value Rate AC Rate DC Factory default No effect 750 515 615 On 10 Moving average Auto Off 0 0 Medium Medium 1 PLC GPIB primary address The
85. Query state of reference y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value V DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI VOLTage AC Path to configure AC voltage Y NPLOycles n Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer n Select range 0 to 757 5 757 5 Y UPPer Query range Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON y AUTO Query auto range y REFerence lt n gt Specify reference 757 5 to 757 5 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF Y STATe Query state of reference y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value V DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 6 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control the filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt
86. R f ide Trig Meas Operation B15 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Condition Register p M idle Trig Meas Operation Event B15 B11 B10 B9 B3 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Register OR L r To Operation Summary Bit OSB of Status iael Sell ala Mes e ma Operation Event Byte Register Enable Register See Figure 4 10 B15 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO 8 dle Idle state of the 2000 amp Logical AND Trig Triggering OR Logical OR Meas Measuring Figure 4 8 Measurement event status Figure 4 9 Questionable event status BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Measurement B15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Condition Register Y Y Y Y Y Y Y EGER BFL BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Measurement Event B15 B12 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 BT BO Register Y ORF F
87. RG command is considered to be finished when the Device Action completes or when operation stops at a control source to wait for an event see the Trigger Model in this section To use OPC exclusively with the TRG command first force the completion of the ini tiate command so that only the TRG command is pending To do this send the ABORt command to place the instrument in idle which by definition completes the initiate com mand Since continuous initiation is on operation continues on into the Trigger Model After sending the TRG command an ASCII 1 is placed in the Output Queue and the MAV bit sets when the TRG command is finished After OPC is executed additional commands cannot be sent to the Model 2000 until the pending overlapped commands are finished For example INITiate CONTinuous ON followed by OPC locks up the instrument and requires a device clear DCL or SDC before it will accept any more commands Note See OPC TRG and WAI for more information Program Fragment PRINT 1 output 16 syst pres Select defaults PRINT 1 output 16 init cont off abort Place 2000 in idle PRINT 1 output 16 trig coun 1 sour tim PRINT 1 output 16 samp coun 5 Program for 5 measurements and stop idle PRINT 1 output 16 init opc Start measurements and send opc PRINT 1 enter 16 Get response when 2000 goes into idle LINE INPUT 42 a Read contents of Output Que
88. SAV lt NRf gt Parameter NRf required RST No parameter used INITiate CONTinuous lt b gt Parameter lt b gt required SYSTem PRESet No parameter used Put at least one space between the command word and the parameter Brackets Some command words are enclosed in brackets These brackets are used to denote an optional command word that does not need to be included in the program message For example INITiate IMMediate These brackets indicate that IMMediate is implied optional and does not have to used Thus the above command can be sent in one of two ways INTiate or INTiate IMMediate Notice that the optional command is used without the brackets When using optional command words in your program do not include the brackets Parameter types The following are some of the more common parameter types b Boolean Used to enable or disable an instrument operation 0 or OFF dis ables the operation and 1 or ON enables the operation Example CURRent AC RANGe AUTO ON Enable auto ranging name Name parameter Select a parameter name from a listed group Example name NEVer NEXt TRACe FEED CONTrol NEXt lt NRf gt Numeric representation format This parameter is a number that can be expressed as an integer e g 8 areal number e g 23 6 or an exponent 2 3E6 Example SYSTem KEY 16 Press TEMP key from over the bus lt n gt Numeric value A numeric value parameter can consist
89. T LL A LT LL 2S3 LA LL Ly Ly od Z j 9c Z OL 9c 0L ans 11 0L 0 L Oll Sc A 6 Sc 6 6 GdS W3 IDOL JH 6 L o o x u vc X 9 H vc 9 9 JdS NVO 13D Sa 9 O 20 0 fyb M 3 c M Z 5 c Z n 813 138 Z Ly tl 0 J cc 9 J 44 9 9 NAS OV 9 0O Ll 1 0 n LZ n S 3 LZ S G 96 Add MWN Odd ON3 S oj Oe ke 26 1 p oz l v a oz v t 10d vod das 104 v 0 0 1 0 s 5 6l S 2 6l 24 X13 L tL ojo 1 q 91 E 4 g 91 4 c cad XLS z ol lol o b e ZL Oo L v ZL L L i om 19d 119 HOS L L o oj o d 91 d 0 91 0 0 dS 31d NN 0 0 0 0 0 TMOA T TI T f a z v Z 09 9 s WS r vr e Mel z Wz L WL o WO uunpo 5 q a aj fa sug gt Y 2c gt Y gt Y O L az I a2 I az I az 0 e L O 0 ta 9 ES amp 5 25 25 3 S L I 2 l g B I oB gs L 3 0 E 0 a L E lt Q e lt o o lt 0 5 0 E 0 q X X X X X X X X q P Wg Se LOS For the various multiline commands a specific bus sequence must take place to properly send the command In particular the correct listen address must be sent to the instrument before it will respond to addressed commands Table E 3 lists a typical bus sequence for sending the addressed multiline commands In this instance the SDC command is being sent to the instrument UNL is generally sent as part of the sequence to ensure that no other active listeners are present Note that ATN is true for both the listen command and the SDC command by
90. The effects of these choices are further described in the scanning examples Press ENTER when done to return to the normal display Note that scanned readings are always stored in the buffer up to the setting for RDG ONT The following examples demonstrate the use of reading count timed scans delay and external scanning One of the configuration options for stepping and scanning is the reading count The ex ample of Figure 3 14 shows how different settings of RDG CNT affect these operations Figure 3 14 Internal scan ning example with reading count option SHIFT CONFIG TYPE INT MIN CHAN 1 MAX CHAN 10 TIMER OFF RDG CNT gt 9002 Note Factory setup on the Model 2000 is assumed STEP 10 channel closures 10 output triggers STEP 20 channel closures 20 output triggers STEP 2 channel closures 2 output triggers SCAN 10 channel closures 1 output triggers SCAN 10 channel closures x2 2 output triggers SCAN 10 channel closures 1 output triggers i RECALL RECALL RECALL 10 Readings 20 Readings 2 Readings With a reading count 0010 equal to the scan list length 10 a step operation con secutively closes ten channels and sends an output trigger after each channel A scan operation also consecutively closes ten channels but sends an output trigger only at the end of the scan With a reading count 0020 great
91. a EEE aE 2 35 3 Measurement Options INtrOdUCTION TEN 3 2 Measurement configuration eeeseeeeeeem e 3 3 TFIQQCE OPSrAallONS DE 3 8 Butter Operatloris tiet et oe c tpe m Etienne quete 3 17 LFimit operatloris 2 nectar Rr enia kr Ree Ennii 3 20 Scan operations i dccus eee eb ret vais os re doe rid 3 22 System operations ecrire e Duden a dete EE n 3 32 4 Remote Operation IMtrodUtON LPs 4 2 Selecting a language seeseseseeeeeeeenne nene 4 4 HS 232 0p6tallOni o er HL UHR SERRE ERRARE MERERI 4 6 GPIB bus operation and reference 4 9 Status Str ct te ceive teas eet encre rear siti rte tue dee 4 19 Trigger model GPIB operation sseeee 4 29 Programming Syntax sseseeeeneeeeeeennem eene 4 32 Common commands ceci ii ii iiaii dye 4 39 5 SCPI Command Reference SCPI Signal oriented measurement commands 5 3 SCPI command subsystems reference tables cccceeeeteeeeeees 5 7 Calculate subsystem ssessssseeeeeeneeeeennee nennen 5 20 DISPlay subsystem 4 3 po ee tee eher Ried 5 26 FORMat subsystem 5 28 ROUTe subsystem 5 92 SENSe 1 subsystem sese 5 37 STATUS SUBSYSTEM 5 2 idco b Ee dil lida 5 52 SYS 1EM SUDSYSIEM s euet tpe eerie dev a deste i 5 61 TRAC sub
92. accuracy and response to input signal changes Relative The rel relative function can be used to null offsets or subtract a baseline reading from present and future readings When rel is enabled the instrument uses the present reading as a relative value Subsequent readings will be the difference between the actual input val ue and the rel value You can define a rel value for each function Once a rel value is established for a mea surement function the value is the same for all ranges For example if 50V is set as a rel value on the 100V range the rel is also 50V on the 1000V 10V 1V and 100mV ranges Thus when you perform a zero correction for DCV Q2 and 24 measurements by en abling REL the displayed offset becomes the reference value Subtracting the offset from the actual input zeroes the display as follows Actual Input Reference Displayed Reading A rel value can be as large as the highest range Selecting a range that cannot accommodate the rel value does not cause an overflow condition but it also does not increase the maximum allowable input for that range For ex ample on the 10V range the Model 2000 still overflows for a 12V input To set a rel relative value press REL key when the display shows the value you want as the relative value The REL annunciator turns on Pressing REL a second time disables rel You can input a REL value manually using the mX b function Set M for 1 and B for any value yo
93. aits for the SRQ then reads the readings from the buffer Example program to demonstrate using the scan list For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer SINCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset controls and put trigger model in IDLE state set function to DCV CALL SEND 16 rst status Reset STATus subsystem not affected by RST CALL SEND 16 stat pres cls status CALL SEND 16 stat meas enab 512 status enable BFL CALL SEND 16 sre 1 status enable MSB RST sets TRIG SOUR to IMM CALL SEND 16 samp CALL SEND 16 trig CALL SEND 16 trig TRACe subsystem is CALL SEND 16 trac CALL SEND 16 trac now the buffer is CALL SEND 16 rout CALL SEND 16 rout Start everything CALL SEND 16 init poin 30 coun 3 status sour tim tim 15 status coun 10 status not affected by RST status3 feed sens1 feed cont next armed scan 1 3 status scan lsel int status status status3 Initialize reading while the 2000 is busy taking readings readings SPACI ES 2500 WaitSRQ IF NOT srq THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL 16 poll status IF po
94. amples is within the selected tolerance Sets upper and lower limit values for readings Enables disables limits selects beeper operation for limit testing Selects built in tests diagnostics display test Accesses calibration Saves present configuration for power on user default Restores factory or user default configuration Selects minimum maximum channels timer and reading count for step scan Turns off step scan Enables disables GPIB interface selects address and language Enables disables RS 232 interface selects baud rate flow control termina tor Moves to higher range increments digit moves to next selection Moves to lower range decrements digit moves to previous selection Enables disables autorange Reading being stored Instrument is in diode testing function Beeper on for continuity or limits testing Indicates additional selections are available 4 wire resistance reading displayed Autoranging enabled Recalling stored readings Displayed internal channel is closed Questionable reading invalid cal step Fast reading rate Digital filter enabled Instrument is in hold mode Instrument addressed to listen over GPIB Math function mX b dB dBm enabled Medium reading rate Reading acquired from rear inputs Relative reading displayed Instrument is in GPIB remote mode Instrument is in scan mode Accessing shifted keys Slow reading rate Service request over GPIB Displa
95. an be calibrated either from the front panel or remote interface 1 3 Manual addenda Any improvements or changes concerning the instrument or manual will be explained in an addendum included with the manual Be sure to note these changes and incorporate them into the manual Safety symbols and terms The following symbols and terms may be found on the instrument or used in this manual The A symbol on the instrument indicates that the user should refer to the operating instructions located in the manual The A symbol on the instrument shows that high voltage may be present on the termi nal s Use standard safety precautions to avoid personal contact with these voltages The WARNING heading used in this manual explains dangers that might result in per sonal injury or death Always read the associated information very carefully before perform ing the indicated procedure The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains hazards that could damage the in strument Such damage may invalidate the warranty 1 4 General Information Inspection The Model 2000 was carefully inspected electrically and mechanically before shipment After unpacking all items from the shipping carton check for any obvious signs of physical damage that may have occurred during transit Note There may be a protective film over the display lens which can be removed Report any damage to the shipping agent imme diately Save the original packing car
96. and O4 DEFault 3 ACI and DCI 757 5 ACV 1000 DCV 100e6 and Q MINimum 0 All functions MAXimum Same as DEFault Query RANGe UPPer Query ACI measurement range RANGe UPPer DEFault Query RST default range RANGe UPPer MINimum Query lowest measurement range RANGe UPPer MAXimum Query highest measurement range Description This command is used to manually select the measurement range for the specifed measurement function The range is selected by specifying the expected reading as an absolute value The Model 2000 will then go to the most sensitive range that will accommodate that expected reading For example if you expect a reading of approximately 50mV simply let the parameter n 0 05 or 50e 3 in order to select the 100mV range AUTO lt b gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for DCV SENSe 1 RESistanceRANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for 2 SENSe 1 FRESistance RANGe AUTO lt b gt Control auto range for 04 Parameters b 1 or ON Enable auto range 0 or OFF Disable auto range Query AUTO Query auto range on or off Description These commands are used to control auto ranging With auto ranging en abled the instrument automatically goes to th
97. apabilities when stepping or scanning These are outlined below e Timer With this control source event detection is immediately satisfied on the ini tial pass Each subsequent detection is satisfied when the programmed timer interval up to 99H 99M 99 99S elapses Reading counter For both stepping and scanning the reading count can be en tered from SHIFT CONFIG This is referred to as the trigger counter over the bus The reading counter can bypass the idle state Operation will wait until the pro grammed control source event occurs Channel counter For scanning the scan list length maximum channel less mini mum channel is used to bypass the control source allowing a specified number of device actions to occur This counter is referred to as the sample counter over the bus These additional blocks are shown in the trigger models of Figures 3 12 and 3 13 Uses of the timer control source reading counter and channel counter are shown in the scanning examples later in this section Figure 3 12 Idle lt Front panel trig gering with step ping oy Yes More Readings Reading 2 Count y Trigger counter Control Event Source Detection Immediate External Y Timer Output Delay Trigger A Device Action Figure 3 13 Front panel trig gering with scan ning Immediate External Timer
98. ata Character data error Numeric data not allowed Too many digits Exponent too large Invalid character in number Numeric data error Header suffix out of range Undefined header Program mnemonic too long Header separator error Command header error Missing parameter Parameter not allowed GET not allowed Data type error Invalid separator Syntax error Invalid character Command error No error Operation complete Device calibrating Device settling Device ranging Device sweeping Device measuring Device calculating Program running Waiting in trigger layer Re entering the idle layer Reading overflow Low limit 1 event High limit 1 event Low limit 2 event High limit 2 event Reading available Voltmeter complete Event EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE SE B 3 B 4 Status and Error Messages Table B 1 Status and error messages Number 308 309 310 311 400 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 438 439 450 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 Description Buffer available Buffer half full Buffer full Buffer overflow Calibration messages 10 vdc zero error 100 vdc zero error 10 vdc full scale error 10 vde full scale e
99. ated according to the new test configuration If the instrument is not in a continuous measurement mode e g waiting for a manual trigger the test will not be performed until the next reading conversion occurs This action command allows you to re process the current input data to test new limits For example assume the instrument is in a non continu ous measurement mode and requires a manual trigger to cause the next reading conversion Changing the test limits will not affect the last test re sult However sending the IMMediate command reprocesses the data and evaluates the reading according to the new test limits Note that sending the IMMediate command does not initiate a reading conversion Program PRINT 1 output 16 trig sour bus Place 2000 in one shot mode SLEEP 3 Wait three seconds PRINT 1 output 16 calc imm Re perform limit test DISPlay subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to control the display of the Model 2000 and are summarized in Table 5 3 ENABle lt b gt DISPlay ENABle lt b gt Control display circuitry Parameters lt b gt 0 or OFF Disable display circuitry 1 or ON Enable display circuitry Query ENABlIe Query state of display Description This command is used to enable and disable the front panel display cir cuitry When disabled the instrument operates at a higher speed While disabled the display is frozen All front panel controls except LOCAL are disabled No
100. ater in this section Idle The instrument is considered to be in the idle state whenever it is not performing any mea surements or scanning functions From the front panel the unit is considered idle at the end of a step or scan operation when the reading for the last channel remains displayed To re Output Trigger Idle 4 Y Control Event Source Detection Immediate External Y Delay U Device Action store triggers use the SHIFT HALT keys Once the Model 2000 is taken out of idle operation proceeds through the flowchart Control source and event detection The control source holds up operation until the programmed event occurs and is detect ed The control sources are described as follows Immediate With this control source event detection is immediately satisfied allow ing operation to continue External Event detection is satisfied for any of three conditions An input trigger via the Trigger Link line EXT TRIG is received Abus trigger GET or TRG is received The front panel TRIG key is pressed The Model 2000 must be taken out of re mote before it will respond to the TRIG key Use the LOCAL key or send LOCAL 716 over the bus Delay A programmable delay is available after event detection It can be set manually or an auto delay can be used With auto delay the Model 2000 selects a delay based on the function and range
101. ation time to 0 1 PLC Use FAST if speed is of primary importance at the expense of increased reading noise and fewer usable digits MEDium sets integration time to 1 PLC Use MEDium when a compromise between noise performance and speed is acceptable e SLOW sets integration time to 10 PLC SLOW provides better noise performance at the expense of speed NOTE The integration time can be set for any measurement function except frequency period continuity FAST and diode test MEDium For frequency and period this value is gate time or aperture For the AC functions MEDium and SLOW have no effect on the number of power line cycles See the discussion on Bandwidth that follows Bandwidth The rate setting for AC voltage and current measurements determines the bandwidth set ting Slow 3Hz to 300kHz Medium 30Hz to 300kHz Fast 300Hz to 300kHz Bandwidth is used to specify the lowest frequency of interest When the Slow bandwidth 3Hz to 300kHz is chosen the signal goes through an analog RMS converter The output of the RMS converter goes to a fast 1kHz sampling A D and the RMS value is calculated from 1200 digitized samples 1 2s When the Medium bandwidth 30Hz to 300kHz is chosen the same circuit is used How ever only 120 samples 120ms are needed for an accurate calculation because the analog RMS converter has turned most of the signal to DC In the Fast bandwidth 300Hz to 300kHz the out
102. avoid possible mechanical damage stack no more than three connectors on any one unit NOTE To minimize interference caused by electromagnetic radiation use only shielded IEEE 488 cables Available shielded cables from Keithley are models 7007 1 and 7007 2 To connect the Model 2000 multimeter to the IEEE 488 bus follow these steps 1 Line up the cable connector with the connector located on the rear panel The con nector is designed so that it will fit only one way Figure 4 4 shows the location of the IEEE 488 connector Figure 4 4 IEEE 488 con nector location LINE RATING 50 60 400HZ 22 VA MAX 2 Tighten the screws securely making sure not to over tighten them 3 Connect any additional connectors from other instruments as required for your appli cation Make certain that the other end of the cable is properly connected to the controller Most controllers are equipped with an IEEE 488 style connector but a few may re quire a different type of connecting cable See your controllers instruction manual for information about properly connecting to the IEEE 488 bus NOTE You can only have 15 devices connected to a IEEE 488 bus including the control ler The maximum cable length is either 20 meters or two meters times the num ber of devices whichever is less Not observing these limits may cause erratic bus operation Selecting the primary address The Model 2000 multimeter ships from the factory
103. ble or disable an instru ment operation 1 or ON enables the operation and 0 or OFF disables the operation Upper case characters indicate the short form version for each com mand word Default Parameter Listed parameters are both the RST and SYS Tem PRESet defaults unless noted otherwise Parameter notes are located at the end of each table SCPI A checkmark V indicates that the command and its parame ters are SCPI confirmed An unmarked command indicates that it is non SCPI SCPI confirmed commands that use one or more non SCPI parameters are explained by notes Table 5 2 CALCulate command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI CALCulate 1 Subsystem to control CALC 1 N FORMat lt name gt Select math format NONE MXB PERCent PERCent y FORMat Query math format y KMATh Path to configure math calculations y MMFactor lt NRf gt Set m factor for mx b 100e6 to 10066 1 MMFactor Query m factor MBFactor lt NRf gt Set b factor for mx b 100e6 to 10066 0 MBFactor Query b factor MUNits lt name gt Specify units for mx b reading three characters A through MXB Z MUNits Query mx b units PERCent lt NRf gt Set target value for PERCent calculation 100e6 to 10066 1 ACQuire Use input signal as target value PERCent Query percent STATe b Enable or disable kmath calculation Note STATe Query state of kmath function DAT
104. cies at which the corresponding crest factor must be taken into account for accuracy calculations Table 2 3 Crest factor limitations Crest factor Fundamental frequency 2 50kHz 3 3kHz 4 5 1kHz Figure 2 4 DC and AC volt age measure ments Model 2000 5555 855826 DC Voltage me Source eeeeeeeee 4 Oo e cooococcn e I aaa GI GD aa V Input Resistance 1OMQ on 1000V and 100V ranges gt 10GQ on 10V 1V and 100mvV ranges Caution Maximum Input 1010V peak Model 2000 stiiiiiitir AC Voltage ES Source eljeeeoeeee 4 CG ec aa aba E lt SB aD aD V Input Impedence 1MQ and 100pF Caution Maximum Input 750V RMS 1000V peak 8 x 107 VeHz Low level considerations For sensitive measurements external considerations beyond the Model 2000 affect the accuracy Effects not noticeable when working with higher voltages are significant in micro volt signals The Model 2000 reads only the signal received at its input therefore it is im portant that this signal be properly transmitted from the source The following paragraphs indicate factors that affect accuracy including stray signal pick up and thermal offsets Shielding AC voltages that are extremely large compared with the DC signal to be measured may produce an erroneous output Therefore to minimize AC interference the circuit should be shielded with the shield connected to the Model 2000 INPUT L
105. cimal value determines which bits in the register are set The register is cleared on power up or when CLS is sent A set bit in this register indicates that a particular event has occurred For example for an acquired decimal value of 48 the binary equivalent is 00110000 From this binary value bits B4 and B5 of the Standard Event Status Register are set These bits indicate that a device dependent error and command error have occurred The bits of the Standard Event Status Register are described as follows Bit BO Operation Complete A set bit indicates that all pending selected device op erations are completed and the Model 2000 is ready to accept new commands This bit only sets in response to the OPC query command Bit B1 Not used Bit B2 Query Error QYE A set bit indicates that you attempted to read data from an empty Output Queue Bit B3 Device dependent Error DDE A set bit indicates that an instrument oper ation did not execute properly due to some internal condition Bit B4 Execution Error EXE A set bit indicates that the Model 2000 detected an error while trying to execute a command Bit B5 Command Error CME A set bit indicates that a command error has oc curred Command errors include IEEE 488 2 syntax error Model 2000 received a message that does not follow the defined syntax of the IEEE 488 2 standard Semantic error Model 2000 received a command that was misspelled or received an
106. command LSTN is off when the unit is in the listener idle state Place the unit in the listener idle state by sending UNL Unlisten addressing it to talk or sending IFC Interface Clear command over the bus SRQ You can program the instrument to generate a service request SRQ when one or more errors or conditions occur When this indicator is on a service request has been generated This indicator stays on until the serial poll byte is read or all the es that caused SRQ have ceased to exist See status structure for more in ormation LOCAL key The LOCAL key cancels the remote state and restores local operation of the instrument Pressing the LOCAL key also turns off the REM indicator and returns the display to nor mal if a user defined message was displayed If the LLO Local Lockout command is in effect the LOCAL key is also inoperative Status structure See Figure 4 5 for the Model 2000 Multimeters status structure Instrument events such as errors are monitored and manipulated by four status register sets Notice that these sta tus register sets feed directly into the Status Byte Register More detailed illustrations of these register sets are provided by Figures 4 5 through 4 9 Questionable Figure 4 5
107. couple Table D 1 cont Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands D 5 Models 196 199 device dependent command summary Mode Command O0 O1 HO Description Simulated reference junction for temperature func tion Real reference junction for temperature function Set simulated reference junction temperature using V command 0 to 50 C The Model 2000 can be configured to accept device dependent commands of the Fluke Models 8840A 8842A The commands to control the Model 2000 with the 8840A 8842A lan guage are provided in Table D 2 Since the architecture of the Model 2000 differs from that of the 8840A 8842A some com mands are different or cannot be used Commands such as range calibration factory de faults and self test do not map one for one Also note that the Model 2000 does not have the speed characteristics of the Models 8840A 8842A Other commands of the Model 2000 have been added to the 8840A 8842A command set such as frequency temperature and scanner channels Refer to the appropriate manual for further details CAUTION The 8840A 8842A language is intended to be used only over the IEEE 488 bus Using front panel controls in conjunction with this language may cause erratic operation In this case results cannot be guaranteed Table D 2 Models 8840A 8842A device dependent command summary Mode Command Description Function F1 VDC default F2 VAC F3 2 wi
108. disable all messages from entering the Error Queue send the following command stat que enab DISable lt list gt STATus QUEue DISable lt list gt Disable messages for Error Queue Parameter lt list gt numlist where numlist is a specified list of messages that you wish to disable for the Error Queue Query DISable Query list of disabled messages Description On power up all error messages are enabled and will go into the Error Queue as they occur Status messages are not enabled and will not go into the queue This command is used to specify which messages you want disabled Disabled messages are prevented from going into the Er ror Queue Messages are specified by numbers see Appendix B See QUEue EN ABle for examples to express a numlist SCPI Command Reference 5 61 SYSTem subsystem The SYSTem subsystem contains miscellaneous commands that are summarized in Table 5 8 BEEPer command STATe b BEEPer STATe lt b gt Enable or disable beeper Parameters b 10rON Enable beeper Oor OFF Disable beeper Query STATe Query state of beeper Description This command is used to enable or disable the beeper for limit tests PRESet command PRESet SYSTem PRESet Return to SYSTem PRESet defaults Description This command returns the instrument to states optimized for front panel operation SYSTem PRESet defaults are listed in the SCPI tables Ta bles 5 2 through 5 11 KCLick command
109. e Energize the circuit using the installed connect disconnect device and make mea surements without disconnecting the multimeter De energize the circuit using the installed connect disconnect device Disconnect the test leads from the circuit under test WARNING The maximum common mode voltage voltage between INPUT LO and the chassis ground is 500V peak Exceeding this value may cause a breakdown in insulation creating a shock hazard Power on defaults Power on defaults are the settings the instrument assumes when it is turned on The Model 2000 offers two choices for the settings factory and user The power on default will be the last configuration you saved The SAVE and SETUP keys select the two choices of power on defaults To save present configuration as user settings Configure the instrument as desired for USER default Press SHIFT then SAVE Use the A and W keys to select YES or NO Press ENTER fe GN To restore factory or user settings 1 Press SHIFT then SETUP 2 Use the A and V keys to select FACTory or USER 3 Press ENTER Since the basic measurement procedures in this manual assume the factory defaults re set the instrument to the factory settings when following step by step procedures Table 2 2 lists the factory default settings Table 2 2 Factory defaults Setting Factory default Autozero On Buffer No effect Continuity Beeper On Digits 42 Rate Fast 0 1 PLC Threshold 10
110. e STATe Query state of reference 0 ACQuire Use input signal as reference OFF REFerence Query reference value DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 DIGits Query resolution 7 DIODe Paths to configure diode test CURRent RANGe Path to select range UPPer lt NRf gt Select range 0 to 1e 3 1e 3 UPPer Query range CONTinuity Path to configure continuity test THReshold lt NRf gt Set threshold resistance 1 to 1000 10 THReshold Query threshold resistance Note REPeat is the RST default and MOVing is the SYSTem PRESet default Table 5 7 STATus command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI STATus Note 1 V MEASurement Path to control measurement event registers EVENt Read the event register Note 2 ENABle lt NRf gt Program the enable register Note 3 ENABle Read the enable register CONDition Read the condition register 4 OPERation Path to control operation status registers 4 EVENt Read the event register Note 2 d ENABle lt NRf gt Program the enable register Note 3 d ENABle Read the enable register 4 CONDition Read the condition register 4 QUEStionable Path to control questionable status registers 4 EVENt Read the event register Note 2 J ENABle lt NRf gt Program the enable register Note 3 J ENABle Read the enable register 4 CONDition Read the condition register 4 PRESet Ret
111. e DBM units selection is used to make decibel mea surements referenced to 1mW dB and dBm measurements are ex plained further in Section 2 DB REFerence lt n gt UNIT VOLTage DC DB REFerence n Specify dBm reference Parameter lt n gt 1e 7 to 1000 Specify reference in volts Query Description REFerence This command is used to specify the dB reference level When DB units is selected VOLTage DC DB DCV dB measurements are made using the specified dB reference level The reference level is specified in volts and is not range dependent For example a dB reference level of 1 is 1V on all DCV measurement ranges DBM IMPedance n UNIT VOLTage DC DBM IMPedance n Specify dB reference Parameters n 21109999 Specify reference impedance Query IMPedance Description This command is used to specify the dBm reference impedance level When dBm units is selected DCV dBm measurements are made using the specified dBm reference impedance The reference impedance is specified in ohms and is not range depen dent For example a dBm reference level of 600 is 600 on all DCV mea surement ranges A rational number is rounded to the nearest valid integer value B Error Messages Status and Error Messages Table B 1 Status and error messages Number Description Event 440 Query unterminated after indefinite response EE 430 Query deadlocked EE 420 Query unterminated EE 410 Query inter
112. e Model 2000 for the thermocouple type that you are using to make temperature measurements These commands are used to configure the reference junction for thermo couple temperature measurements RSELect lt name gt SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple RJUNction 1 RSELect name Specify reference junction type Parameters name SlMulated Use simulated temperature as reference REAL Use a measured temperature as reference Query RSELect Query reference junction type Description This command is used to specify the type of reference junction that is go ing to be used for thermocouple temperature measurements Specify REAL if you are using an actual reference junction The REAL command is then used to specify the desired reference temperature Specify SIMu lated if you wish to use a simulated reference temperature The SIMulat ed command is then used to specify the desired simulated reference temperature SIMulated n SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple RJUNCtion 1 SIMulated n Parameters n 0 to 50 Specify temperature in C 32 to 122 Specify temperature in F 27310 323 Specify temperture in K DEFault 23 C 73 4 F 296K MINimum 0 32 F 273K MAXimum 50 122 F 323K Query SIMulated Query simulated reference SIMulated DEFault Query default RST reference SIMulated MINimum Query lowest allowable reference SIMulated MAXimum Query largest allowable reference Description This command is used to sp
113. e is activated at which time it begins taking readings at a specified rate Typical trigger sources are EEE 488 talk EEE 488 Group Execute Trigger GET X command External trigger rear panel BNC Arming the instrument to respond to triggers is implicit in the non SCPI DMMs Simply sending a command to a non SCPI DMM to change any of the trigger controls causes the instrument to arm itself for triggers The SCPI trigger model implemented in the Model 2000 gives you e Explicit control over the trigger source the TRIGger subsystem Away for completely disabling triggers Changing any of the settings in the TRIGger subsystem does not automatically arm the Model 2000 for triggers The following program sets up the Model 2000 to take one reading each time it receives an external trigger pulse Example program to demonstrate one shot external triggering For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer SINCLUDE c Nqb45Nieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset controls and put trigger model in IDLE state CALL SEND 16 rst status CALL SEND 16 trig sour ext coun inf status start everything CALL SEND 16 init status After the Model 2000 receives the INITiate command it stops at the control source in the trigger model waiting for a t
114. e list must be separated by a comma ELEMents Query elements in data string This command is used to specify the elements to be included in the data string for each measurement conversion You can specify from one to all three elements Each element in the list must be separated by a comma These elements shown in Figure 5 1 are explained as follows READing Instrument reading The resolution of this reading tracks the display resolution of the instrument An overflow reading reads as 9 9e37 with no units CHANnel Corresponds the instrument reading to the channel number of a switching card If not scanning the channel number is 0 UNITs This element attaches the function unit to the reading and the channel unit internal or external to the channel number An internal channel refers to an internally installed switching card channel while an external channel refers to the channel for an external switch system This element is not available for the binary formats The ASCII format shown in Figure 5 1 shows the byte order of the data string Keep in mind that the byte order can only be reversed for the bi nary formats When using this command to add an element you must include all ele ments that you want in the format For example if the reading is already specified and you want to add the channel you must include the READing parameter form elem chan read Data elements for the item list can be listed in any ord
115. e most sensitive range to perform the measurement The auto range command RANGe AUTO is coupled to the command that manually selects the measurement range RANGe lt n gt When auto range is enabled the parameter value for RANGe n changes to the automatically selected range value Thus when auto range is dis abled the instrument remains at the automatically selected range When a valid RANGe n command is sent auto ranging disables REFerence n commands REFerence lt n gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC REFerence lt n gt SENSe 1 CURRent DC REFerence n SENSe 1 VOLTage AC REFerence n SENSe 1 VOLTage DC REFerence n SENSe 1 RESistance REFerence lt n gt SENSe 1 FRESistance REFerence n SENSe 1 FREQuency REFerence lt n gt SENSe 1 PERiod REFerence n SENSe 1 TEMPerature REFerence n Parameters 757 5 to 757 5 1010 to 1010 0 to 120e6 0 to 1 5e7 0 to 1 200 to 1372 DEFault MINimum MAXimum REFerence REFerence DEFault REFerence MINimum Query Specify reference for ACI Specify reference for DCI Specify reference for ACV Specify reference for DCV Specify reference for Q2 Specify reference for O4 Specify reference for FREQ Specify reference for PER Specify reference for TEMP n 3 1 to 3 1 Reference for ACI and DCI Reference for ACV Reference for DCV Reference for Q2 and 04 Reference for FREQ Reference for PER Reference for
116. e the decimal point Press ENTER to view the present LO limit value LO 1 000000 This value represents the absolute value of that function Enter the desired value for the low limit Pressing ENTER returns to the normal dis play Enabling limits Use the following procedure to turn on the limits operation 1 Press the SHIFT ON OFF keys to view the present beeper status BEEP NEVER 2 Usethe and keys to change the beeper status NEVER OUTSIDE INSIDE Press ENTER when done When the multimeter returns to the normal display the HI IN LO status is displayed along with the reading To disable limit testing press SHIFT ON OFF again An example of using limits to sort resistors is shown in Figure 3 11 Figure 3 11 LO IN HI Using limit test to x T sort 1002 10 resistors lt gt 900 1100 LO Limit HI Limit Scan operations The Model 2000 can be used with an internal scanner card Model 2000 SCAN or 2001 TC SCAN or with external scanner cards installed in switching mainframes such as the Models 707 7001 and 7002 The following paragraphs discuss various aspects of using scanning with the Model 2000 Connection precautions WARNINGS Connection information for scanner cards is intended for qualified service personnel Do not attempt to connect the DUT or external circuitry to a scan ner card unless qualified to do so To prevent electric shock that could result in serious injury or death adhere
117. e triggered by other instruments The VMC line allows the Model 2000 to trigger other instruments At the factory line 1 is configured as VMC and line 2 as EXT TRIG Changing this con figuration is described in the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual A connector pinout is shown in Figure 3 3 Rear Panel Pinout Figure 3 3 Rear panel pi dab nout o 00 eo See Pin 2 Pin 1 External Voltmeter Trigger Complete Input Output Pin Number Description 1 Voltmeter Complete Output External Trigger Input no connection no connection no connection no connection Signal Ground ON O uU B UG Ww Signal Ground Either pin 3 or 5 may be configured as an output instead of pin 1 Either pin 4 or 6 may be configured as an input instead of pin 2 See the optional Model 2000 Repair Manual for details Figure 3 4 Trigger link input pulse specifica tions EXT TRIG Figure 3 5 Trigger link out put pulse specifi cations VMC External trigger The EXT TRIG input requires a falling edge TTL compatible pulse with the specifications shown in Figure 3 4 In general external triggers can be used to control measure operations For the Model 2000 to respond to external triggers the trigger model must be configured for it Triggers on Leading Edge TTL High 2V 5V TTL Low lt 0 8V 2ys gt Minimum Voltmeter complete The VMC output provides a TTL compatible output pulse that ca
118. ea ture For details on Hold refer to Trigger Model Device Action in this section and Hold in Section 3 WINDow lt NRf gt SENSe 1 HOLD WINDow lt NRf gt lt name gt Set Hold window Parameter lt NRf gt 0 01 to 20 Set window percent Query WINDow Query Hold window Description This command is used to set the window for Hold The window is ex pressed as a percent of the seed reading for the Hold process COUNt lt NRf gt SENSe 1 HOLD COUNt lt NRf gt Specify Hold count Parameter lt NRf gt 2 to 100 Specify Hold count Query COUNt Query Hold count Description This command is used to specify the count for Hold Count is the number of readings that are compared to the seed reading during the Hold pro cess STATe b SENSe 1 HOLD STATe lt b gt Control on off Hold Parameters lt b gt 0 or OFF Disable Hold 1 or ON Enable Hold Query STATe Query state of Hold Description This command is used to enable or disable Hold See Hold in Section 3 and Trigger Model Device Action in this section for details on Hold Speed Commands NPLCycles lt n gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC NPLCycles n SENSe 1 CURRen DC NPLCycles n SENSe 1 VOLTage AC NPLCycles n SENSe 1 VOLTage DC NPLCycles n SENSe 1 RESistance NPLCycles n SENSe 1 FRESistance NPLCycles n SENSe 1 TEMPerature NPLCycles n Parameters lt n gt 0 01 to 10 DEFault
119. ecify the simulated reference temperature The temperature value depends on which temperature scale is currently selected C F or K Typically 0 or 23 C is used as the simulated ref erence temperature sREAL TCOefficient n SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple RJUNction 1 REAL TCoefficient lt n gt Parameters lt n gt 0 09999 to 0 09999Specify temperature coefficient DEFault 0 01 temperature coefficient MINimum 0 09999 temperature coefficient MAXimum 0 09999 temperature coefficient Query TCOefficient Query temperature coefficient TC TCOefficient DEFault Query RST default TC TCOefficient MINimum Query lowest allowable TC TCOefficient MAXimum Query largest allowable TC Description This command is used to specify the temperature coefficient TC of the real temperature reference junction TC is specified in C volt and is not affected by the UNIT TEMPerature command REAL OFFSet n SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple RJUNction 1 REAL OFFSET n Parameters n 0 09999 to 0 09999Specify voltage offset at 0 C DEFault 0 05463 MINimum 0 09999 MAXimum 0 09999 Query OFFSet Query voltage offset OFFSet DEFault Query RST default voltage offset OFFSet MINimum Query lowest allowable voltage offset OFFSet MAXimum Query largest allowable voltage offset Description This command is used to specify the offset voltage at 0 C for the specified reference junction DIODe command RANGe UPPer l
120. ed to a 1 inch square circuit board interconnected to provide a short circuit among all plugs 1 6 General Information Model 8611 Low Thermal Patch Leads Consists of two test leads 0 9m each with a banana plug with a retractable sheath at each end These leads minimize the thermally induced offsets that can be created by test leads Model 8612 Low Thermal Spade Leads Consists of two test leads 0 9m each terminat ed with a spade lug on one end and a banana plug with a retractable sheath on the other end These leads minimize the thermally induced offsets that can be created by test leads Cables and adapters Models 7007 1 and 7007 2 Shielded GPIB Cables Connect the Model 2000 to the GPIB bus using shielded cables and connectors to reduce electromagnetic interference EMI The Model 7007 1 is 1m long the Model 7007 2 is 2m long Models 8501 1 and 8501 2 Trigger Link Cables Connect the Model 2000 to other instru ments with Trigger Link connectors e g Model 7001 Switch System The Model 8501 1 is 1m long the Model 8501 2 is 2m long Model 8502 Trigger Link Adapter Allows you to connect any of the six Trigger Link lines of the Model 2000 to instruments that use the standard BNC trigger connectors Model 8504 DIN to BNC Trigger Cable Allows you to connect Trigger Link lines one Volt meter Complete and two External Trigger of the Model 2000 to instruments that use BNC trigger connectors The Model 8504 is 1m lon
121. enable or disable the digital averaging filter for the specified function When enabled readings will be filtered accord ing to how the filter is configured STCONtrol lt name gt SENSe 1 CURRent AC AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for O4 SENSe 1 TEMPerature AVERage TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type for TEMP Parameters name REPeat Select repeating filter MOVing Select moving filter Query TCONtrol Query filter type Description These commands are used to select the type of averaging filter REPeat or MOVing for the specified function These filter types are explained in Section 3 see Filter Modes The number of readings that are averaged by the filter is set with the AV ERage COUNt command The AVERage STATe command is used to enable or disable the filter Changing the filter type disables auto filter COUNLt n SENSe 1 CURRent AC AVERage COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count for ACI SENSe 1 CURRent DC AVERage COUNt n Specify filter for DCI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC AVERa
122. ent as the parameter lt NRf gt for the appropri ate ENABle command For example to set the BFL and RAV bits of the Measurement Event Enable Register send the following command stat meas enab 544 where BFL bit B9 Decimal 512 RAV bit B5 Decimal 32 lt NRf gt 544 Figure 5 7 Measurement Bit Position B15 BI2 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO event enable reg ister Event srl BHF BAV RAV HL LL ROF Decimal Weighting 512 256 128 32 4 2 1 Q9 28 27 25 2 2 o Value 1 O 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 Value 1 Enable Measurement Event Events BFL Buffer Full 0 Disable Mask Measurement Event BHF Buffer Half Full BAV Buffer Available RAV Reading Available HL High Limit LL Low Limit ROF Reading Overflow Figure 5 8 Questionable Bit Position B15 B14 B13 B9 B8 B7 B5 B4 B3 BO event enable reg ister Event Warn D Cal Temp Decimal Weighting 16384 256 16 Qu Q8 24 Value 0 0 1 P 0 1 X 0 1 Value 1 Enable Questionable Event Events Warn Command Warning 0 Disable Mask Questionable Event Cal Calibration Summary Temp Temperature Summary Figure 5 9 Operation event enable register Bit Position B15 B11 B10 B9 B8 B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 BO Event Idle Trig Meas Decimal Weight
123. ent input signal reading and use it as the target value for the Percent calculation STATe b CALCulate 1 STATe lt b gt Control CALC1 Parameters lt b gt 0 or off Disable CALC1 calculation 1 or on Enable CALC1 calculation Query STATe Query state on or off of CALC1 Description This command is used to enable or disable the CALC1 calculation When enabled each instrument reading will reflect the selected calculation see FORMat DATA CALCulate 1 KMATh DATA2 Read CALC1 result Description This query command is used to read the result of the CALC1 calculation If CALC1 is disabled or NONE is selected the raw reading will be read CALCulate2 These commands are used to configure and control the CALC2 opera tions on readings stored in the buffer FORMat lt name gt CALCulate2 FORMat lt name gt Specify CALC2 format Parameters lt name gt NONE No calculations MEAN Mean value of readings in buffer SDEViation Standard deviation of readings in buffer MAXimum Largest reading in buffer MINimum Lowest reading in buffer Query FORMat Query programmed math format Description This command is used to specify the format for the CALC2 math calcula tion The calculation operations for CALC2 use data stored in the buffer With NONE selected no CALC2 calculation is performed With any of the other formats selected and CALC2 enabled see STATe the calculation is performed every time the IMMediate or IMMediate
124. er The binary equivalent of this value determines which bits in the appropriate register are set The event reg isters are shown in Figures 5 4 5 5 and 5 6 Note that reading an event register clears the bits in that register For example assume that reading the Measurement Event Register re sults in an acquired decimal value of 544 The binary equivalent is 0000001000100000 For this binary value bits B5 and B9 of the Measure ment Event Register are set Figure 5 4 Measurement event register Measurement Event Register SCPI Command Reference 5 53 Bit BO Reading Overflow ROF Set bit indicates that the reading ex ceeds the measurement range of the instrument Bit B1 Low Limit LL Set bit indicates that the reading is less than the Low Limit 1 setting Bit B2 High Limit HL Set bit indicates that the reading is greater than the High Limit 1 setting Bits B3 and B4 Not used Bit B5 Reading Available RAV Set bit indicates that a reading was taken and processed Bit B6 Not used Bit B7 Buffer Available BAV Set bit indicates that there are at least two readings in the trace buffer Bit B8 Buffer Half Full BHF Set bit indicates that the trace buffer is half full Bit B9 Buffer Full BFL Set bit indicates that the trace buffer is full Bits B10 through B15 Not used Bit Position Event Decimal Weighting Value
125. er but are always sent in the order shown in Figure 5 1 ROUTe subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control switching and are summarized in Table 5 5 Single channel or channel pair control Like operation from the front panel the following commands let you close a single channel or channel pair for 4 pole operation on an internal scan ner card CLOSe chan num sROUTe CLOSe chan num Close specified channel or channel pair Parameter Description chan num X Specify channel X where X is a single channel 1 through 10 or a channel pair 1 through 5 to be closed This command lets you close a single channel or channel pair on the in ternal scanner card Only one channel or channel pair can be closed at atime When this command is sent any closed channels are first opened Then the specified channel or channel pair closes When using this command pole mode 2 pole or 4 pole is determined by the present measurement function With a 2 wire function selected i e DCV 2 pole switching will be performed at the scanner card The speci fied channel 1 through 10 will close With a 4 wire function selected i e W4 4 pole switching will be per formed at the scanner card The specified channel pair 1 through 5 will close In the 4 pole mode channels are paired as follows Channel 1 is paired to Channel 6 Channel 2 is paired to Channel 7 Channel 3 is
126. er than the scan list length 10 stepping yields 20 channel closures and 20 output triggers Scanning also goes through the scan list twice but sends an output trigger only at the end of each scan e With a reading count 0002 less than the scan list length 10 stepping yields two channel closures and output triggers Scanning goes through the entire scan list and sends an output trigger but only two readings are stored NOTE Ifthe reading count divided by the scan list length is not an integer it is rounded up For example if the reading count is 15 and the scan list length is 10 there will be two output triggers for scanning The differences between stepping and scanning counters for bus commands are summa rized in Table 3 3 Table 3 3 Bus commands parameters for stepping and scanning counters Operation SAMPIe COUNt TRIGger COUNEt STEP 1 reading count SCAN scan list length reading count scan list length Another configuration option for stepping and scanning is the timing of channel closures The example of Figure 3 15 shows how different settings of TIMER and DELAY affect these operations These are the Timer control source and the Delay block shown in the trigger models of Figures 3 12 and 3 13 With the timer ON and set to five seconds and delay set to AUTO channels are stepped through at five second intervals with an output trigger after each closure A scan operation yields ten channels scan
127. eration and programming you will encounter a number of front panel messages Typical messages are either of status or error variety as listed in Appendix B Measuring voltage The Model 2000 can make DCV measurements from 0 1uV to 1000V and ACV measure ments from 0 1uV to 750V RMS 1000V peak Connections Assuming factory default conditions the basic procedure is as follows 1 2 4 Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals Either the front or rear inputs can be used place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position Select the measurement function by pressing DCV or ACV Pressing AUTO toggles autoranging Notice the AUTO annunciator is displayed with autoranging If you want manual ranging use the RANGE and keys to select a measurement range consistent with the expected voltage Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 2 4 CAUTION Do not apply more than 1000V peak to the input or instrument damage may Crest factor occur The voltage limit is subject to the 8 x 10 V Hz product Observe the display If the OVERFLOW message is displayed select a higher range until an o normal reading is displayed or press AUTO for autoranging Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution Take readings from the display AC voltage and current accuracies are affected by the crest factor of the waveform the ratio of the peak value to the RMS value Table 2 3 lists the fundamental frequen
128. eration stops a control source to wait for an event see Trigger Model in this section To use the OPC exclusively with the TRG command first force the completion of the initiate command so that only the TRG command is pending Do this by sending the ABORt command to place the instrument in idle which by definition completes the initiate com mand Since continuous initiation is on operation continues on into the Trigger Model After sending the TRG command the OPC bit sets when the TRG command is finished Program Fragment GOSUB Read Register PRINT cont off abort PRINT SLEEP 2 GOSUB ReadRegister PRINT 1 output 16 GOSUB ReadRegister END ReadRegister PRINT 1 output 16 PRINT 1 enter 16 LINE INPUT 42 a PRINT a RETURN 1 output 16 1 output 16 init init opc abort esr Clear register by reading it Place 2000 in idle Start measurements and send OPC Wait two seconds Read register to show that OPC is not set Place 2000 back in idle Read register to show that OPC is now set Query Standard Event Status Register Get response message from 2000 Read decimal value of register OPC Operation Complete Query Place a 1 in the output queue after all pending operations are completed Description On power up or when the CLS or RST is executed the Model 2000 goes into the Op eration Complete Command Query Idle State OQIS In
129. erfaces Table 4 1 Language support Language GPIB RS 232 SCPI Yes Yes Keithley Models 196 199 Yes No Fluke Model 8840A 8842A Yes No As you make your language selection keep in mind that the language you select deter mines the remote operations allowed To select a programming language follow these steps 1 Access the GPIB configuration options by pressing SHIFT then GPIB You see GPIB ON with GPIB blinking 2 Select the language configuration option by pressing the ENTER key twice You see LANG lt name gt Move to the language selection field by pressing the key Select the programming language you want by pressing the or key until you see the appropriate language The menu scrolls through these choices SCPI 199 Keithley Models 196 199 and 8842 Fluke Model 8840A 88424 5 Confirm your selection by pressing ENTER The multimeter returns to the measure ment mode Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI is fully supported by the GPIB and RS 232 interfaces Always calibrate the Model 2000 multimeter using the SCPI language Keithley Models 196 199 Digital Multimeter The Model 2000 multimeter implements virtually all commands available in the Keithley Models 196 199 digital multimeter except for the self test and calibration commands The commands are listed in Appendix D See the Models 196 199 Digital Multimeter user manuals for more information about re mote programming
130. es Each new program message must begin with the root command unless it is optional e g SENSe If the root is optional simply treat a command word on the next level as the root The colon at the beginning of a program message is optional and need not be used Example stat pres stat pres When the path pointer detects a colon it moves down to the next command level An exception is when the path pointer detects a semicolon which is used to sep arate commands within the program message see next rule When the path pointer detects a colon that immediately follows a semicolon it resets back to the root level The path pointer can only move down It cannot be moved up a level Executing a command at a higher level requires that you start over at the root command Using common commands and SCPI commands in the same message Both common commands and SCPI commands can be used in the same message as long as they are separated by semicolons Acommon command can be executed at any command level and will not affect the path pointer Example stat oper enab lt NRf gt ESE lt NRf gt Program message terminator PMT Each program message must be terminated with an LF line feed EOI end or identify or an LF EOI The bus will hang if your computer does not provide this termination The fol lowing example shows how a multiple command program message must be terminated rout open all scan 91 5 l
131. ess Group These listen commands are derived from an instrument s primary address and are used to address devices to listen The actual command byte is ob tained by ORing the primary address with 20 TAG Talk Address Group The talk commands are derived from the primary address by ORing the address with 40 Talk commands are used to address devices to talk SCG Secondary Command Group Commands in this group provide additional ad dressing capabilities Many devices including the Model 2000 do not use these commands The two unaddress commands are used by the controller to remove any talkers or listeners from the bus ATN is true when these commands are asserted UNL Unlisten Listeners are placed in the listener idle state by the UNL com mand UNT Untalk Any previously commanded talkers will be placed in the talker idle state by the UNT command IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 11 Common commands are commands that are common to all devices on the bus These commands are designated and defined by the IEEE 488 2 standard Generally these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters that tell the device to perform a common operation such as reset The IEEE 488 bus treats these commands as data in that ATN is false when the commands are transmitted SCPI commands are commands that are particular to each device on the bus These commands are designated by the instrument manufacturer and are based on the ins
132. ey Query KEY Query last pressed key Description This command is used to simulate front panel key presses For example to select DCV you can send the following command to simulate pressing the DCV key isyst key 2 The parameter listing provides the key press code in numeric order Fig ure 5 10 also illustrates the key press codes The queue for the KEY query command can only hold one key press When KEY is sent over the bus and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk the key press code number for the last key pressed either physically or with KEY is sent to the computer Figure 5 10 Key press codes KEITHLEY DELAY _ HOLD 17 26 19 28 21 30 23 32 15 13 18 27 20 29 22 31 24 14 12 RS 232 interface commands LOCal SYSTem LOCal Take 2000 out of remote Description Normally the Model 2000 is in local during RS 232 communications In this state front panel keys are operational However the user may wish to lock out front keys during RS 232 communications see RWLock This action command isu sed to take the Model 2000 out of the remote state and enables the operation of front panel keys Note that this com mand can only be sent over the RS 232 interface REMote SYSTem REMote Place the Model 2000 in remote Description This action command is used to place the Model 2000 in the remote state In remote the front panel keys will be locked out if local lockout is assert ed see RWLoc
133. fect readings transferred from the buffer i e SENSE DATA or CALC DATA are always sent in ASCII These commands are summarized in Table 5 4 DATA command DATA type FORMat DATA lt type gt Specify data format Parameters lt type gt ASCII ASCII format SREAL IEEE754 single precision format DREAL IEEE754 double precision format Query DATA Query data format Description This command is used to select the data format for transferring readings over the bus For every reading conversion the data string sent over the bus contains the elements specified by the ELEMents command The specified elements are sent in a particular order The ASCII data format is in a direct readable form for the operator Most BASIC languages easily convert ASCII mantissa and exponent to other formats However some speed is compromised to accommodate the conversion Figure 5 1 shows the ASCII format that includes all the data elements Figure 5 1 Reading Channel ASCII data for Number mat 1 23456789E 0O0VDC OINTCHAN ll l Mantissa Exponent Units INTCHAN Internal Channel EXTCHAN External Channel Units VRE DC Volts 0 No channel B oS 1 to 400 Channel Number ADC DC Current AAC AC Current OHM 2 wire Resistance OHMAW 4 wire Resistance HZ Frequency C Temperature in C F Temperature in F K Temperature in K An overflow reading is displayed as 9 9E37 with no units
134. formation about how the Model 2000 imple ments the standard Paragraph 4 9 of the IEEE 488 2 standard Std 488 2 1987 lists the documentation requirements Table F 1 provides a summary of the requirements and pro vides the information or references the manual for that information Table F 2 lists the cou pled commands used by the Model 2000 The Model 2000 complies with SCPI version 1991 0 Tables 5 2 through 5 11 list the SCPI confirmed commands and the non SCPI commands implemented by the Model 2000 Table F 1 IEEE 488 documentation requirements Requirements Description or reference IEEE 488 Interface Function Codes Behavior of 2000 when the address is set outside the range 0 30 Behavior of 2000 when valid address is entered Power On Setup Conditions Message Exchange Options Input buffer size Queries that return more than one response message unit Queries that generate a response when parsed Queries that generate a response when read Coupled commands Functional elements required for SCPI commands Buffer size limitations for block data Syntax restrictions Response syntax for every query command Device to device message transfer that does not follow rules of the standard Block data response size Common Commands implemented by 2000 Calibration query information Trigger macro for DDT See Appendix E Cannot enter an invalid address Address changes and bus resets Determ
135. g Rack mount kits Model 4288 1 Single Fixed Rack Mount Kit Mounts a single Model 2000 in a standard 19 inch rack Model 4288 2 Side by Side Rack Mount Kit Mounts two instruments Models 182 428 486 487 2000 2001 2002 6517 7001 side by side in a standard 19 inch rack Model 4288 3 Side by Side Rack Mount Kit Mounts a Model 2000 and a Model 199 side by side in a standard 19 inch rack Model 4288 4 Side by Side Rack Mount Kit Mounts a Model 2000 and a 5 25 inch instru ment Models 195A 196 220 224 230 263 595 614 617 705 740 775 etc side by side in a standard 19 inch rack Carrying case Model 1050 Padded Carrying Case A carrying case for a Model 2000 Includes handles and shoulder strap 2 Basic Measurements Basic Measurements This section summarizes front panel operation of the Model 2000 It is organized as fol lows Front panel summary Includes an illustration and summarizes keys display and connections Rear panel summary Includes an illustration and summarizes connections Power up Describes connecting the instrument to line power the power up se quence the warm up time and default conditions Display Discusses the display format and messages that may appear while using the instrument Measuring voltage Covers DC and AC voltage measurement connections and low level voltage considerations Measuring current Covers DC and AC current measurement connectio
136. ge COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count for ACV SENSe 1 VOLTage DC AVERage COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count for DCV SENSe 1 RESistance AVERage COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count for Q2 SENSe 1 FRESistance AVERage COUNt n Specify filter count for O4 SENSe 1 TEMPerature AVERage COUNt n Specify filter count for TEMP Parameters n 1 to 100Specify filter count DEFault 10 MINimum 1 MAXimum 100 Query COUNt Query filter count COUNt DEFault Query the RST default filter count COUNt MINimum Query the lowest allowable filter count COUNt MAXimum Query the larges allowable filter count Description These commands are used to specify the filter count In general the filter count is the number of readings that are acquired and stored in the filter buffer for the averaging calculation The larger the filter count the more filtering that is performed Bandwidth command BANDwidth n SENSe 1 CURRent AC DETector BANDwidth lt n gt Specify maximum bandwidth for ACI SENSe 1 VOLTage AC DETector BANDwidth n Specify maximum bandwidth for ACV Parameters n 3 to 30063 Specify bandwidth in Hz Query BANDwidth Query selected bandwidth Description The Model 2000 uses three bandwidth settings for ACI and ACV mea surements 3 3Hz 300kHz 30 30Hz 300kHz and 300 300Hz 300KkHz To achieve best accuracy you should use the bandwidth setting that best reflects the frequency of the inp
137. he following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer SINCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Example program to demonstrate taking readings on different Reset controls in INIT ARM LAY1 ARM LAY2 and TRIG subsystems and put trigger model in IDLE state set function to DCV CALL SEND 16 rst status Close channel 1 take DC voltage reading CALL SEND 16 rout clos 01 read status readings SPACE 80 CALL ENTER readings length 16 status PRINT reading Close channel 2 take AC voltage reading CALL SEND 16 func volts ac status CALL SEND 16 rout clos 02 read status reading SPACES 80 CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading Close channel 3 take ohms reading CALL SEND 16 func res status CALL SEND 16 rout clos 3 read status readings SPACES 80 CALL ENTER readings length 16 status PRINT reading The following example program sets up the Model 2000 using a scan list to measure DC voltage on channels 1 2 and 3 The meter takes ten sets of readings with each set spaced 15 seconds apart and each of the three readings in each group taken as fast as possible The Model 2000 stores the readings in the buffer and asserts SRQ when the buffer is full The program w
138. he or key and press ENTER You can exit the configuration menu by pressing EXIT For more information about the RS 232 interface see section RS 232 operation The GPIB bus is the IEEE 488 interface You must select a unique address for the Model 2000 multimeter The address is displayed when the multimeter is turned on At the factory the address is set to 16 Since GPIB is the interface selection defined by the factory only follow these steps to se lect the GPIB interface if you have been previously using the RS 232 remote programming interface 1 Select the GPIB option by pressing SHIFT then GPIB You see GPIB OFF Move to the on off selection by pressing the key You see OFF selection blinking slowly Turn on the GPIB interface by toggling the selection to ON usingthe or key and press ENTER Turning off the RS 232 interface automatically selects GPIB as the remote programming interface Choose one of three languages to program the Model 2000 multimeter e SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands Keithley Models 196 199 Digital Multimeter Fluke Model 8840A 8842A Digital Multimeter The factory sets the language selection as SCPI You only can select a programming language from the front panel The language selec tion is stored in non volatile memory which means it does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Table 4 1 shows the languages supported by the two available int
139. her key to manually scan through channels continuously Press OPEN to open all channels Using OPEN and CLOSE keys The OPEN and CLOSE keys control channels on the internal scanner card only The keys allow you to directly Close a specific channel or channel pair for 4 wire resistance mmediately open any internal closed channel or channel pair for 4 wire resistance With a scanner card installed in the option slot of the Model 2000 the following prompt is displayed when the CLOSE key is pressed CLOSE CHAN 01 Use the lt gt and keys to display the desired channel 1 to 10 and press EN TER The annunciator of the closed channel will be displayed on the front panel along with normal readings Selecting a different channel from the one that is presently closed will cause the closed channel to open and allow a settling time before closing the selected chan nel Channel relays will be closed according to the presently selected function If a 4 wire function is selected both the selected channel relay and the matching relay pair will be closed Fixed 4 pole relay pairs are 1 and 6 not available for Model 2001 TCSCAN 2 and 7 3 and 8 4 and 9 5and 10 Pressing the OPEN key will immediately open any closed scanner card channel or chan nel pair for 4 wire resistance Stepping and scanning trigger model additions The trigger model presented in Trigger operations earlier in this section has some addi tional c
140. hold autosettle When a hold reading is acquired as described in Device actions an audible beep is sounded if enabled and the reading is considered a true measurement The reading is held on the display until an out of window reading occurs to restart the hold process When operating remotely or scanning the hold process seeks a new seed once it has been satisfied and the reading has been released When operating from the front panel the hold process does not seek a new seed until the held condition is removed Hold example 1 Enable HOLD select a window percentage and enter a count 2 Apply test probes to a signal Once the signal becomes stable enough to satisfy the hold condition the reading is released and the beeper sounds if enabled 3 Remove the hold condition by lifting the probes Hold will then seek a new seed External triggering The EXT TRIG key selects triggering from two external sources trigger link and the TRIG key When EXT TRIG is pressed the TRIG annunciator lights and dashes are displayed to indicate that instrument is waiting for an external trigger From the front panel you can press the TRIG key to trigger a single reading Pressing the EXT TRIG key again toggles you back to continuous triggers The Model 2000 uses two lines of the Trigger Link rear panel connector as External Trig ger EXT TRIG input and Voltmeter Complete VMC output The EXT TRIG line allows the Model 2000 to b
141. ial poll sequence of the Model 2000 If an SRQ does not occur bit B6 RQS of the Status Byte Register will remain cleared and the program will simply proceed normally after the serial poll is performed If an SRQ does occur bit B6 of the Status Byte Register will set and the program can branch to a ser vice subroutine when the SRQ is detected by the serial poll The serial poll automatically resets RQS of the Status Byte Register This allows subse quent serial polls to monitor bit B6 for an SRQ occurrence generated by other event types After a serial poll the same event can cause another SRQ even if the event register that caused the first SRQ has not been cleared A serial poll clears RQS but does not clear MSS The MSS bit stays set until all Status Byte event summary bits are cleared The following QuickBASIC 4 5 program using the KPC 488 2 interface and the CECHP driver demonstrates how serial poll can be used to detect an SRQ CLS OPEN ieee FOR OUTPUT AS 1 OPEN ieee FOR INPUT AS 2 PRINT 1 output 16 cls Clear Status Byte Register PRINT 1 output 16 ese 32 Unmask command errors PRINT 1 output 16 sre 32 Unmask event summary message PRINT 41 output 16 ese Error missing parameter SLEEP 1 PRINT 1 SPOLL 02 Serial poll 2000 INPUT 2 S Read Status Byte Register S S OR 191 OR register with a mask IF S 255 THEN GOSUB srq Go to subroutine to acknowl edge SRQ END IF PRI
142. igger RECALLL 10 readings The example of Figure 3 16 shows the front panel operations to configure an external scan The trigger and signal connections were shown previously in Trigger operations Both instrument setups assume factory defaults Set the Model 2000 for the desired mea surement function On the Model 7001 Switch System enter a scan list of channels 1 to 10 on card 1 YO Also on the Model 7001 configure the instrument for Trigger Link triggers and one scan of ten channels On the Model 2000 Multimeter configure an external scan of the first ten channels OG Set the Model 2000 for external triggers by pressing EXT TRIG The display will be e Press STEP or SCAN on the Model 2000 The asterisk and STEP or SCAN annun ciator will light Press STEP on the Model 7001 to start channel closures After the scan you can recall ten readings from the Model 2000 buffer NOTE When using an external thermocouple scanner card and channel 1 as a reference the Model 2000 only recognizes channel 1 when a step or scan is performed If using a Model 7001 or 7002 to close channel 1 manually the Model 2000 will not interpret that channel as the reference junction without a step or scan operation Figure 3 16 External scan ning example with Model 7001 Model 7001 from reset setup SCAN CHANNELS 1 1 1110 3 CONFIGURE SCAN CHAN CONTROL CHANNEL SPACING TRIGLINK
143. ine by SYSTem POSetup Section 5 256 bytes None All queries Common Commands and SCPI None See Table F 2 Contained in SCPI command sub systems tables see Tables 5 2 through 5 11 Block display messages 12 char acters max See Programming Syntax in Sec tion 4 See Programming Syntax in Sec tion 4 None See Display Subsystem in Sec tion 5 See Common Commands in Sec tion 4 See Calibration Manual Not applicable IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information F 3 Table F 1 cont IEEE 488 documentation requirements Requirements Macro information Response to IDN identification Storage area for PUD and PUD Resource description for RDT and RDT Effects of RST RCL and SAV TST information Status register structure Sequential or overlapped commands Operation complete messages Description or reference Not applicable See Common Commands in Sec tion 4 Not applicable Not applicable See Common Commands in Sec tion 4 See Common Commands in Sec tion 4 See Status structure in Section 4 All are sequential except INIT and INIT CONT ON which are over lapped OPC OPC and WAI see Common Commands in Section 4 F 4 IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information Table F 2 Coupled commands Command Also changes To TRAC POIN TRAC FEED CONT NEV TRAC CLE STRAC FEED CONT
144. ing 1024 32 165 pm pem 210 Q5 24 Value 0 1 O 1 O 1 Value 1 Enable Operation Event Events Idle Idle state of the 2000 SCPI Command Reference 0 Disable Mask Operation Event Trig Triggering Meas Measuring 5 57 5 58 SCPI Command Reference CONDition command CONDition STATus MEASurement CONDition Read Measurement Condition Register STATus QUEStionable CONDition Read Questionable Condition Register STATus OPERation CONDition Read Operation Condition Register Description These query commands are used to read the contents of the condition registers Each set of event registers except the Standard Event register set has a condition register A condition register is similar to its corre sponding event register except that it is a real time register that constant ly updates to reflect the current operating status of the instrument See EVENt for register bit descriptions After sending one of these commands and addressing the Model 2000 to talk a decimal value is sent to the computer The binary equivalent of this decimal value indicates which bits in the register are set For example if sending stat meas cond returns a decimal value of 512 binary 0000001000000000 bit B9 of the Measurement Condition Reg iste
145. internal scanner card The scan list can contain 2 to 10 channels The following examples dem onstrate the various forms for expressing a scan list list 2 3 4 Channels separated by commas 1 8 Range of channels 1 through 8 Range limits separat ed by acolon NOTE You can only scan consecutive channels Skipping channels is not allowed For example 1 4 is valid 1 2 4 is not valid See the instruction manual of the internal scanner card for details on scanning EXTernal lt list gt ROUTe SCAN EXTernal lt list gt Define external scan list Parameter lt list gt scanlist Query Description where scanlist is the specified list of external channels 1 to 800 to be scanned EXTernal Query programmed scan list The Model 2000 can operate with an external switch system such as the Keithley Model 7001 or 7002 The Model 2000 can measure up to 800 channels that are switched by the external switching system This com mand is used to define the external scan list The scan list can contain 2 to 800 channels See SCAN INTernal for ex amples to express a scan list The external scan is enabled by the ROUTe SCAN LSELect EXTernal command LSELect lt name gt ROUTe SCAN LSELect lt name gt Perform specified scan operation Parameters lt name gt INTernal Enable scan for internal scanner card EXTernal Enable scan for external scanner card NONE Disable all scan operations Query
146. ion Query currently programmed function Description The FUNCtion command is used to select the measurement function of the instrument Note that parameter names are enclosed in single quotes However double quotes can instead be used For example func volt func volt Each measurement function remembers its own unique setup configu ration such as range speed resolution filter and rel This eliminates the need to re program setup conditions every time you switch from one func tion to another DATA command DATA SENSe 1 I DATA Description Return reading This query command is used to read the latest instrument reading This command returns the raw reading or a reading that is the result of the Reference REL from the front panel operation For example if a refer ence value of 1 0 is established the reading returned by this command is the raw reading minus 1 0 Calculated MATH readings cannot be read with this command see the CALCulate subsystem for information on how to read math calculations The reading is returned in exponent form For example a 10V DC read ing will be displayed on the CRT as follows 1 000000E 01 Notice that the measurement function is not included in the response message Thus you may want to perform a function query see previous command after a reading query HOLD Command The following commands are used to configure and control the Hold f
147. ions associated with switching cards scanning are disabled This command is automatically asserted when the MEASure command is sent PRINT 1 output 16 conf volt dc Perform CONFigure opera tions This query command requests the latest post processed reading After sending this command and addressing the Model 2000 to talk the reading is sent to the computer This command does not affect the instrument set up This command does not trigger a measurement The command simply requests the last available reading Note that this command can repeat edly return the same reading Until there is a new reading this command continues to return the old reading If your application requires a fresh reading use the DATA FRESh command see the SENSe Subsystem command This command is automatically asserted when the READ or MEASure command is sent NOTE If external rapid triggers are applied the unit may not return read ings when using FETCh READ command READ Description Typically this command is used with the instrument in the one shot mea surement mode to trigger and acquire a specified number of readings The SAMPle COUNt command is used to specify the number of readings see Trigger Subsystem Note that the readings are stored in the buffer When this command is sent the following commands execute in the order that they are presented ABORt INITiate FETCh When ABORt is exec
148. is presently en abled See the LSELect name command in Scan commands to dis able scan operations OPEN ALL ROUTe OPEN ALL Open all input channels Description This command is used to open all input channels 1 through 10 on the internal scanner card The only channel this command will not open is channel 11 This channel is the 2 pole 4 pole relay and is controlled by the multiple channel com mands See Multiple channel control for details on controlling channel 11 Sending rout open all disables scan operation sets LSELect to NONE see Scan commands Multiple channel control The following commands let you close one or more channels at the same time They also let you manually select the 2 pole or 4 pole mode of op eration CLOSe lt list gt ROUTe MULTIple CLOSe lt list gt Close specified channels Parameter lt list gt chanlist Specify channels to close where chanlist is the list of channels 1 through 11 to be closed This command lets you have multiple channels closed at the same time When this command is sent the channels specified in the chanlist close Pole mode is not affected by the selected measurement function Instead it is selected by controlling channel 11 which is the 2 pole 4 pole relay Closing channel 11 selects the 2 pole mode When channel 11 is open the 4 pole mode is selected Use the rout multiple open lt list gt command to open channel 11 Examples of a list
149. k Note that this command can only be sent over the RS 232 interface RWLock SYSTem RWLock Disable front panel keys Description This action command is used to disable front panel controls local lockout during RS 232 operation Taking the instrument out of remote see LOCal restores front panel keys operation Note that this command can only be sent over the RS 232 interface Line frequency query LFRequency SYSTem LFRequency Query line frequency Description This query returns the frequency of the power line from which the unit is operating The power line frequency is automatically sensed upon power up TRACe subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control data storage into the buffer The commands are summarized in Table 5 9 TRACe DATA The bar indicates that TRACe or DATA can be used as the root com mand for this subsystem From this point on the documentation in this manual uses TRACe If you prefer to use DATA simply replace all the TRACe command words with DATA CLEar command CLEar TRACe CLEar Clear buffer Description This action command is used to clear the buffer of readings If you do not clear the buffer a subsequent store will overwrite the old readings If the subsequent store is aborted before the buffer becomes full you could end up with some old readings still in the buffer FREE command FREE TRACe FREE Read status of memory De
150. l of the instrument The actual lis ten address value sent out over the bus is obtained by ORing the primary address with 20 For example if the primary address is 16 the actual listen address is 36 36 16 20 In a similar manner the talk address is obtained by ORing the primary address with 40 With the present example the talk address derived from a primary address of 16 dec imal would be 56 56 16 40 The IEEE 488 standards also include another addressing mode called secondary ad dressing Secondary addresses lie in the range of 60 7F Note however that many de vices including the Model 2000 do not use secondary addressing Once a device is addressed to talk or listen the appropriate bus transactions take place For example if the instrument is addressed to talk it places its data string on the bus one byte at atime The controller reads the information and the appropriate software can be used to direct the information to the desired location IEEE 488 Bus Overview Figure E 1 IEEE 488 bus TO OTHER DEVICES configuration DEVICE 1 ABLE TO TALK LISTEN AND CONTROL COMPUTER DATA BUS DEVICE 2 ABLE TO TALK AND LISTEN DATA BYTE TRANSFER CONTROL DEVICE 3 ONLY ABLE TO LISTEN PRINTER GENERAL INTERFACE MANAGEMENT DEVICE 4 ONLY ABLE TO TALK D101 8 DATA 8 LINES AV NRFD HANDSHAKE NDAC IFC ATN SRQ BUS REN MANAGEMENT
151. l to explain trigger modes and sources Buffer operations Discusses the reading storage buffer and buffer statistics Limit operations Defines how to set reading limits Scan operations Explains the internal and external scanning capabilities System operations Gives details on setup saving and restoring selecting a remote interface and accessing test and calibration Measurement Options 3 3 The following paragraphs discuss configuring the multimeter for making measurements See the end of Appendix A for information about optimizing readings for speed or accuracy The selected measurement range affects both the ultimate digits and accuracy of the measurements as well as the maximum signal that can be measured The range setting fixed or auto for each measurement function is saved when changing functions The full scale readings for every range on each function are 20 overrange except for the 1000VDC 750VAC 3ADC 3AAC and diode test ranges Input values more than the maximum readings cause the OVERFLOW messages to be displayed To select a range simply press the RANGE or key The instrument changes one range per keypress The selected range is displayed for one second If the instrument displays the OVERFLOW message on a particular range select a high er range until an on range reading is displayed Use the lowest range possible without caus ing an overflow to ensure best accuracy and resolution Note tha
152. ll AND 64 0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SEND 16 stat meas status CALL ENTER SS length 16 status CALL SEND 16 form elem read unit status CALL SEND 16 trac data status CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading NOTE To repeat buffer storage send the following command and then repeat the steps following the Start everything comment in the above example CALL SEND 16 feed cont next status This programming example demonstrates a simple method to take and display on the computer CRT a specified number of readings The number of readings are specified by the SAMPIe COUNt command When READ is asserted the specified number of readings are taken After all the readings are taken they are sent to the computer Note that these readings are also stored in the buffer The following program takes 10 readings on the DCV function and displays then on the computer CRT For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer SINCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqhb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset controls clear buffer and place 2000 in idle CALL SEND 16 rst status CALL SEND 16 trac cle status CALL SEND 16 sample coun 10 status CALL SEND 16 form elem read unit status CALL SEND 16 read status reading SPACES 300
153. loating point format for math calculations MX B This math operation lets you manipulate normal display readings X mathematically ac cording to the following calculation Y mX b where X is the normal display reading m and b are user entered constants for scale factor and offset Y is the displayed result Configuration To configure the mX b calculation perform the following steps 1 Press SHIFT then MX B to display the present scale factor M 41 000000 Enter a value and units prefix Use the q and gt keys to choose a numerical place and use the and keys to increment or decrement the digits 3 Press ENTER to confirm the M value and display the B value B 00 00000 m 4 Enter a value and units prefix 5 Press ENTER to confirm the B value and display the UNITS designation MXB 6 Scroll through the letters to change and press ENTER when done The Model 2000 then displays the result of the calculation Percent This item selects the percentage calculation and lets you specify a reference value The displayed reading will be expressed as a percent deviation from the reference value The percentage calculation is performed as follows Percent Input Reference x 10096 Reference where Input is the normal display reading Reference is the user entered constant Percent is the displayed result Configuration To configure the percent calculation perform the following steps 1 Press SHIFT then to
154. n be used to trigger other instruments The specifications for this trigger pulse are shown in Figure 3 5 Typically you would want the Model 2000 to output a trigger after the settling time of each measurement Meter Complete TTL High 3 4V Typical TTL Low 0 25V Typical amp 1 Ops Minimum External triggering example In a typical test system you may want to close a channel and then measure the DUT con nected to the channel with a multimeter Such a test system is shown in Figure 3 6 which uses a Model 2000 to measure ten DUTs switched by a Model 7011 multiplexer card in a Model 7001 7002 Switch System Figure 3 6 DUT test system io DUT P i ae OUTPUT DUT E oTo 2 e o m 2000 Multimeter DUT 7 ee 10 e 18 o o l Card 1 7011 MUX Card The Trigger Link connections for this test system are shown in Figure 3 7 Trigger Link of the Model 2000 is connected to Trigger Link either IN or OUT of the Model 7001 7002 Note that with the default trigger settings on the Model 7001 7002 line 1 is an input and line 2 is an output This complements the trigger lines on the Model 2000 Figure 3 7 7001 or 7002 Switch System 2000 Multimeter Trigger link con nections Trigger Trigger BE Lin Link For this example the Model 2000 and 7001 7002 are configured as f
155. nated with DB 9 connectors Do not use a null modem cable The serial port uses the transmit TXD receive RXD and signal ground GND lines of the RS 232 standard It does not use the hardware handshaking lines CTS and RTS Figure 4 1 shows the rear panel connector for the RS 232 interface and Ta ble 4 2 shows the pinout for the connector If your computer uses a DB 25 connector for the RS 232 interface you will need a cable or adapter with a DB 25 connector on one end and a DB 9 connector on the other wired straight through not null modem Figure 4 1 RS 232 interface 54321 connector ey 9876 RS232 Rear Panel Connector Table 4 2 RS 232 connector pinout Pin number Description 1 no connection 2 TXD transmit data 3 RXD receive data 4 no connection 5 GND signal ground 6 no connection 7 CTS clear to send 8 RTS ready to send 9 no connection CTS and RTS signals are not used See Appendix B for RS 232 error messages GPIB bus operation and reference Introduction This section contains information about connecting to and using the GPIB IEEE 488 bus The information is organized as follows e GPIB bus standards e GPIB bus connections Selecting the primary address e QuickBASIC 4 5 programming General bus commands Front panel GPIB operation GPIB bus standards The GPIB bus is the IEEE 488 instrumentation data bus with hardware and programming standards originally adopted by the I
156. nd ERRor SYSTem ERRor Description Read SCPI version This query command is used to read the version of the SCPI standard be ing used by the Model 2000 Example code 1991 0 The above response message indicates the version of the SCPI standard Read Error Queue As error and status messages occur they are placed into the Error Queue This query command is used to read those messages The Error Queue is a first in first out FIFO register that can hold up to 10 messag es Every time you read the queue the oldest message is read and that message is then removed from the queue If the queue becomes full the message 350 Queue Overflow occupies the last memory location in the register On power up the queue is empty When the Error Queue is empty the message 0 No error is placed in the Error Queue The messages in the queue are preceded by a number Negative num bers are used for SCPI defined messages and positive numbers are used for Keithley defined messages Appendix B lists the messages NOTE The SYSTem ERRor query command performs the same function as the STATus QUEue query command see STATus subsystem AZERo commands SSTATe lt b gt SYSTem AZERo STATe lt b gt Control autozero Parameters lt b gt 10rON Enable autozero Oor OFF Disable autozero Query STATe Query state of autozero Description This command is used to disable or enable autozero When enabled ac curacy is
157. nding commands are complete Description On power up or when the CLS or RST is executed the Model 2000 goes into the Op eration Complete Command Idle State OCIS In this state no pending overlapped com mands exist The Model 2000 has three overlapped commands INITiate INITiate CONTinuous ON e TRG When you send the OPC command the Model 2000 exits from OCIS and enters the Op eration Complete Command Active State OCAS In OCAS the instrument continuously monitors the No Operation Pending flag After the last pending overlapped command is completed No Operation Pending flag set to true the Operation Complete OPC bit in the Standard Event Status Register sets and the instrument goes back into OCIS Note that the instrument always goes into OCAS when OPC is executed If no pending command operations are present e g trigger model in idle state the Model 2000 immedi ately sets the OPC bit and returns to OCIS When used with the INITiate or INITiate CONTinuous ON command the OPC bit of the Standard Event Status Register will not set until the Model 2000 goes back into the idle state The initiate operations are not considered finished until the instrument goes into idle When used with the TRG command the OPC bit will not set until the operations associ ated with the TRG command and the initiate command are finished The TRG command is considered to be finished when the Device Action completes or when op
158. ned immediately with an output trigger at the end of the scan With the timer OFF and the delay set to MANual for five seconds stepping and scan ning through the channels is timed the same The difference is in the number of out put triggers with stepping sending a trigger after each channel closure and scanning sending a trigger at the end of the scan When using both the timer and delay parameters the timer is not started until after the delay For example if the timer is two minutes and the delay is ten seconds the timer is not started until 10sec after pressing SCAN Each successive scan will occur at 2 10 0 4 10 0 etc If the total delay time per scan is greater than or equal to the timer setting the timer con dition is already satisfied and effectively is ignored Figure 3 15 Internal scan ning example with timer and delay options SHIFT CONFIG TYPE INT Nites mes kamen ote Factory setup on the PEN CEN 1 0 Model 2000 is assumed OFF TIMER e Y RDG CNT 0010 TIMER ON 00H 00M 05 000S Y DELAY MAN Y RDG CNT 0010 Y SCAN 10 channel closures 1 output trigger STEP 10 channel closures at 5 second intervals 10 output triggers RECALL 10 readings 00H 00M 05 000S Y STEP 10 channel closures at 5 second intervals 10 output triggers SCAN 10 channel closures at 5 second intervals 1 output tr
159. ng example shows how a multiple response message is terminated 0 1 1 0 lt RMT gt Message exchange protocol Two rules summarize the message exchange protocol Rule 1 You must always tell the Model 2000 what to send to the computer The following two steps must always be performed to send information from the instru ment other computer 1 Sendthe appropriate query command s in a program message 2 Address the Model 2000 to talk Rule 2 The complete response message must be received by the computer before an other program message can be sent to the Model 2000 Common Commands Common commands summarized in Table 4 4 are device commands that are common to all devices on the bus These commands are designated and defined by the IEEE 488 2 standard Table 4 4 IEEE 488 2 common commands and queries Mnemonic Name Description CLS Clear status Clears all event registers and Error Queue ESE lt NRf gt Event enable command Program the Standard Event Enable Register ESE Event enable query Read the Standard Event Enable Register ESR Event status register query Read the Standard Event Enable Register and clear it IDN Identification query Returns the manufacturer model number serial number and firmware revision levels of the unit OPC Operation complete command Set the Operation Complete bit in the Stan dard Event Status Register after all pending commands have been executed OPC Operati
160. ns and cur rent fuse replacement Measuring resistance Details two and four wire measurement connections and shielding considerations Measuring frequency and period Covers frequency and period measurement con nections Measuring temperature Describes the use of thermocouples for temperature mea surements Math Covers the mX b percent dBm and dB math functions performed on single readings Measuring continuity Explains setting up and measuring continuity of a circuit Testing diodes Describes testing general purpose and zener diodes The front panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2 1 This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument Figure 2 1 Model 2000 front panel KEITHLEY DELAY HOLD LIMITS ON OFF TEST CAL EX TRIG TRIG STORE J RECALL FILTER REL CLE SAVE SETUP CONFIG HALT GPIB RS232 OPEN CLOSE STEP SCAN DIGITS RATE EXIT ENTER 1 Function keys shifted and unshifted Select measurement function DC and AC voltage DC and AC current 2 wire and 4 wire resistance frequency period temperature with thermocouples math func tion mX b 96 dBm dB or special function continuity diode test 2 Operation keys EXTRIG TRIG STORE RECALL FILTER REL lt and gt OPEN CLOSE STEP SCAN DIGITS RATE EXIT ENTER SHIFT LOCAL Selects external triggers front panel bus trigger link as
161. o zero the display For example if the instrument is displaying a 1uV offset sending this command and enabling Reference see STATe zeroes the display This command is functional only if the instrument is on the specified mea surement function Sending this command while in any other function causes an error Also if the latest reading is overflowed OFLO or a reading has not been triggered an error occurs when this com mand is sent The ACQuire command is coupled to the REFerence n command See the description for REFerence for details DIGits command DIGits lt n gt ESENSe 1 CURRentAC DIGits lt n gt SENSe 1 CURRent DC DIGits lt n gt SENSe 1 VOLTage AC DIGits lt n gt ESENSe 1 I VOLTage DC DIGits n SENSe 1 RESistance DIGits lt n gt SENSe 1 FRESistance DIGits n SENSe 1 PERiod DIGits n SENSe 1 FREQuency DIGits n SENSe 1 TEMPerature DIGits lt n gt Parameters n 4 3H digits 5 6 7 DEFault MINimum MAXIMUM Query DIGits DIGits DEFault DIGits MINimum DIGits MAXimum Specify resolution for ACI Specify resolution for DCI Specify resolution for ACV Specify resolution for DCV Specify resolution for Q2 Specify resolution for Q4 Specify resolution for PER Specify resolution for FREQ Specify resolution for TEMP 4H digits 5H digits 6H digits 6H digits for DCI DCV O2 O4 FREQ PER 5H digits for ACI ACV TEMP 3
162. oard ROM revision After the power up sequence the instrument begins its normal display of readings High energy circuit safety precautions To optimize safety when measuring voltage in high energy distribution circuits read and use the directions in the following warning WARNING Dangerous arcs of an explosive nature in a high energy circuit can cause severe personal injury or death If the multimeter is connected to a high energy circuit when set to a current range low resistance range or any other low impedance range the circuit is virtually shorted Dangerous arcing can result even when the multimeter is set to a voltage range if the minimum volt age spacing is reduced in the external connections When making measurements in high energy circuits use test leads that meet the follow ing requirements Test leads should be fully insulated Only use test leads that can be connected to the circuit e g alligator clips spade lugs etc for hands off measurements Do not use test leads that decrease voltage spacing These diminishes arc protec tion and create a hazardous condition Use the following sequence when testing power circuits 1 De energize the circuit using the regular installed connect disconnect device such as a circuit breaker main switch etc Attach the test leads to the circuit under test Use appropriate safety rated test leads for this application Set the multimeter to the proper function and rang
163. ogram Not shown are the commands to configure the trigger model and the reading buffer see the next example The example shown here can be mod ified for any event in the Model 2000 status reporting system Reset STATus subsystem not affected by RST CALL SEND 16 stat pres cls status CALL SEND 16 stat meas enab 512 status enable BFL CALL SEND 16 sre 1 status enable MSB CALL SEND 16 trac feed cont next status Start everything CALL SEND 16 init status WaitSRQ IF NOT srq THEN GOTO WaitSRQ CALL SPOLL 16 poll status IF poll AND 64 0 THEN GOTO WaitSRQ Notice that after the program has detected an asserted SRQ line it serial polls the Model 2000 to determine if it is the device requesting service This is necessary for two reasons Serial polling the Model 2000 causes it to quit asserting the SRQ line In test systems that have more than one IEEE 488 instrument programmed to assert SRQ your program must determine which instrument is actually requesting service Once an event register has caused a service request it cannot cause another service re quest until you clear it by reading it in this case using STATus MEASurement EVENt or by sending the CLS command The reading buffer in the Model 2000 is flexible and capable It has three controls which are found in the TRACe susbsystem There are commands to control
164. ollows Model 2000 Factory defaults restored accessed from SHIFT SETUP External scanning channels 1 10 no timer 10 readings accessed from SHIFT CON FIG External triggers accessed from EXT TRIG Model 7001 or 7002 Factory defaults restored Scan list 1 1 1 10 Number of scans 1 Channel spacing TrigLink To run the test and store readings in the Model 2000 with the unit set for external triggers press STEP or SCAN The Model 2000 waits with the asterisk annunciator lit for an exter nal trigger from the Model 7001 7002 Press STEP on the Model 7001 7002 to take it out of idle and start the scan The scan ner s output pulse triggers the Model 2000 to take a reading store it and send a trigger pulse The following explanation on operation is referenced to the operation model shown in Figure 3 8 Figure 3 8 7001or 7002 Operation model Press STEP to start scan 2000 for triggering ex Cae a ample 5 OO e Bypass yp amp Wait for Trigger Link amp Wait for Trigger gt Trigger Link rigger Scan Make Channel Measurement Trigger Tri Output 88 L T88 Output Trigger Trigger Channels 2 Pressing EXT TRIG then STEP or SCAN on the multimeter places it at point A in the flowchart where it is waiting for an external trigger Pressing STEP takes the Model 7001 7002
165. on Remote Operation Introduction This section includes the following information Selecting an interface Selecting a language e RS 232 operation e GPIB bus operation and reference Status structure Trigger model GPIB operation Programming syntax Common commands Selecting an interface The Model 2000 multimeter supports two built in remote interfaces e GPIB bus e RS 232 interface You can use only one interface at a time The factory interface selection is the GPIB bus You can select the interface only from the front panel The interface selection is stored in non volatile memory it does not change when power has been off or after a remote interface reset Before you select a remote interface consider the programming language you want to use For more information about selecting programming languages see this section You can connect a controller to the RS 232 interface Some considerations for selecting the RS 232 interface are the following You must define the baud rate enable or disable software handshake XON XOF You can only use the SCPI programming language with the RS 232 interface To select RS 232 as the remote interface do the following 1 Access the RS 232 configuration by pressing SHIFT then RS232 You see RS232 OFF Move to the on off selection by pressing the p key You see OFF selection blinking Turn on the RS 232 interface by toggling the selection to ON using t
166. on complete query Places an ASCII 1 into the output queue when all pending selected device operations have been completed OPT Option identification query Returns an ID code that indicates which memory option is installed and whether or not the optional scanner card is installed RCL lt NRf gt Recall command Returns the Model 2000 to the setup configu ration stored in the specified memory loca tion RST Reset command Returned the Model 2000 to the RST default conditions SAV lt NRf gt Save command Saves the current setup to the specified memory location SRE lt NRf gt Service request enable com Programs the Service Request Enable Regis mand ter SRE Service request enable query Reads the Service Request Enable Register STB Read status byte query Reads the Status Byte Register TRG Trigger command Sends a bus trigger to the 2000 TST Self test query Performs a checksum test on ROM and returns the result WAI Wait to continue command Wait until all previous commands are exe cuted CLS Clear Status Clear status registers and error queue Description Use the CLS command to clear reset to 0 the bits of the following registers in the Model 2000 Standard Event Register Operation Even Register Error Queue Measurement Event Register Questionable Event Register This command also forces the instrument into the operation complete command idle state and o
167. one setup configuration can be saved and recalled SRE lt NRf gt Service Request Enable Program service request enable register SRE Service Request Enable Query Read service request enable register Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Clears enable register 1 Set MSB bit Bit 0 4 SetEAV bit Bit 2 8 SetQSBbit Bit 3 16 Set MAV bit Bit 4 32 Set ESB Bit 5 128 Set OSB Bit 7 255 Set all bits Description Use the SRE command to program the Service Request Enable Register Send this command with the decimal equivalent of the binary value that determines the desired state 0 or 1 of each bit in the register This register is cleared on power up This enable register is used along with the Status Byte Register to generate service re quests SRQ With a bit in the Service Request Enable Register set an SRQ occurs when the corresponding bit in the Status Byte Register is set by an appropriate event For more information on register structure see the information presented earlier in this section The Service Request Enable Register is shown in Figure 4 15 Notice that the decimal weight of each bit is included in the illustration The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to set is the value that is sent with the SRE command For example to set the ESB and MAV bits of the Service Request Enable Register send the following com mand SRE 48 Where ESB bit B5 2 Decimal 32 MAV bit B4 Decimal
168. opriate position 2 Select the measurement function by pressing Q2 or O4 Pressing AUTO toggles autoranging Notice the AUTO annunciator is displayed with autoranging If you want manual ranging use the RANGE and W keys to selecta measurement range consistent with the expected resistance 4 Connect test leads to the resistance as shown in Figure 2 6 CAUTION Do not apply more than 1000V peak between INPUT HI and LO or instru ment damage may occur 5 Observe the display If the OVERFLOW message is displayed select a higher range until a normal reading is displayed Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution 6 Take a reading from the display Figure 2 6 F 2 Two and four Model 2000 arre hs Optional shield wire resistance measurements I I I I I I Resistance I Under Test i I I I I I I Note Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals Shielded Optional shield Model 2000 Cable 2553153633887 eeeeeeee 4 Resistance Under Test Note Source current flows from the INPUT HI to INPUT LO terminals To achieve a stable reading it helps to shield resistances greater than 100kQ Place the resistance in a shielded enclosure and connect the shield to the INPUT LO terminal of the instrument electrically See Section 3 Measurement Options for information that explains the configuration op tions for 2 wire and 4 wire resistance measurement
169. optimized When disabled speed is increased at the expense of accuracy Important Note Before you can enable or disable auto zero the Model 2000 must first be in the idle state The Model 2000 can be placed in the idle state by first disabling continuous initiation INITiate CONTinuous OFF and then sending the ABORt command After sending the STATe command readings can be re started by sending INITiate CONTinuous ON or INITiate Program PRINT 1 output 16 init cont off abor Place 2000 in idle PRINT 1 output 16 syst azer stat off stat Disable autozero PRINT 1 enter 16 Get response from 2000 LINE INPUT 2 a Read response PRINT a Display response PRINT 1 output 16 init cont on Take 2000 out of idle NOTE When finished be sure to re enable autozero CLEar command CLEar SYSTem CLEar Clear Error Queue Description This action command is used to clear the Error Queue of messages KEY lt NRf gt command SYSTem KEY lt NRf gt Simulate key press Parameters lt NRf gt 1 SHIFT key lt NRf gt 17 LOCAL key 2 DCV key 18 EX TRIG key 3 ACV key 19 TRIG key 4 J DOlkey 20 STORE key 5 ACI 21 RECALL key 6 Q2key 22 FILTER key 7 Q4 key 23 REL key 8 FREQ key 24 left arrow key 9g 25 10 26 OPEN key 11 uparrow key 27 CLOSE key 12 AUTO key 28 STEP key 13 down arrow key 29 SCAN key 14 ENTER key 30 DIGITS key 15 right arrow key 31 RATE key 16 TEMP key 32 EXIT k
170. ors and the LOCAL key Error and status messages See Section 2 for a list of error and status messages associated with IEEE 488 program ming The instrument can be programmed to generate an SRQ and command queries can be performed to check for specific error conditions GPIB status indicators The REM remote TALK talk LSTN listen and SRQ service request annunciators show the GPIB bus status Each of these indicators is described below REM This indicator shows when the instrument is in the remote state REM does not necessarily indicate the state of the REM line as the instrument must be ad dressed to listen with REM true before the REM indicator turns on When the instru ment is in remote all front panel keys except for the LOCAL key are locked out When REM is turned off the instrument is in the local state and front panel operation is restored TALK This indicator is on when the instrument is in the talker active state Place the unit in the talk state by addressing it to talk with the correct MTA My Talk Ad dress command TALK is off when the unit is in the talker idle state Place the unit in the talker idle state by sending an UNT Untalk command addressing it to listen or sending the IFC Interface Clear command LSTN This indicator is on when the Model 2000 Multimeter is in the listener active state which is activated by addressing the instrument to listen with the correct MLA My Listen Address
171. p tions for DC and AC voltage measurements The Model 2000 can make DCI measurements from 10nA to 3A and ACI measurements from 1uAm to 3A RMS NOTE See the previous discussion about crest factor in Measuring voltage in this sec tion Assuming factory default conditions the basic procedure is as follows 1 Connect test leads to the AMPS and INPUT LO terminals The front inputs must be used place the INPUTS button in the FRONT position 2 Select the measurement function by pressing DCI or ACI 3 Pressing AUTO toggles autoranging Notice the AUTO annunciator is displayed with autoranging If you want manual ranging use the RANGE and keys to select a measurement range consistent with the expected current 4 Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 2 5 CAUTION Do not apply more than 3A 250V to the input or the AMPS fuse will open circuit 5 Observe the display If the OVERFLOW message is displayed select a higher range until a normal reading is displayed or press AUTO for autoranging Use the lowest possible range for the best resolution 6 Take readings from the display Figure 2 5 Model 2000 DC and AC cur rent measure ments TATT ITITI s Current ee060606000 00 O Sire e 2 aa aaa mM F T aa aaa V Caution Maximum Input 3A DC or RMS AMPS fuse replacement WARNING Make sure the instrument is disconnected from the power line and other equipment before replacing the
172. peed trigger G1 Get SRQ mask G2 Get calibration input prompt generates error mes sage 51 G3 Get user defined message replies with 16 space characters G4 Get calibration status replies with 1000 G5 Get IAB status input F R autorange on off offset on off G6 Get YW status suffix enabled disabled terminator selection G7 Get error status G8 Get instrument ID replies with FLUKE 8842A 0 EMUL Table D 2 cont Models 8840A 8842A device dependent command summary Thermocouple type Temperature unit Thermocouple ref erence junction Scanner channel SRQ mask values N lt value gt P1 N lt value gt P4 KO K1 K2 JO J1 J2 MO M1 Ln Mode Command Description GET cont G9 Get status of JKM commands temp units TC type and junction String 1jkm G10 Get closed channel number String 10nn Where nn 00 all open 01 through 10 closed channel G11 Get simulated reference junction temperature String xx xxx in C Note G2 valid only in calibration mode PUT PO Put instrument configuration function range speed trigger P1 Put SRQ mask P4 Set simulated junction temperature 0 to 50 C Default temperature 23 C PUT format N lt value gt PO Type J thermocouple default Type K thermocouple Type T thermocouple C default K F Select simulated junction default Select real junction channel 1 for 2001 TCSCAN card Control
173. peration complete query idle state ESE lt NRf gt Event Enable Program the standard event enable register ESE Event Enable Query Read the standard event register Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Clear register 1 Set OPC BO 4 Set QYE B2 8 Set DDE B3 16 Set EXE B4 32 Set CME B5 64 Set URQ B6 128 Set PON B7 255 Set all bits Description Use the ESE command to program the Standard Event Enable Register This command is sent with the decimal equivalent of the binary value that determines the desired state 0 or 1 of the bits in the register This register is cleared on power up This register is used as a mask for the Standard Event Register When a standard event is masked the occurrence of that event will not set the Event Summary Bit ESB in the Sta tus Byte Register Conversely when a standard event is unmasked enabled the occur rence of that event sets the ESB bit For information on the Standard Event Register and descriptions of the standard event bits see the next section A cleared bit 0 in the enabled register prevents masks the ESB bit in the Status Byte Register from setting when the corresponding standard event occurs A set bit 1 in the en able register allows enables the ESB bit to set when the corresponding standard event oc curs The Standard Event Enable Register is shown in Figure 4 13 and includes the decimal weight of each bit The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you
174. plains the configuration op tions for frequency and period measurements Figure 2 7 Model 2000 Frequency and period measure SEESSSSECEES AC Wallage ments PIE Source eleeeeeeee 4 o Q9 ecc c o O ql GL GL GL Input Impedance 1MQ in parallel with lt 100pF Caution Maximum Input 1000V peak 8 x 107 VeHz Measuring temperature The Model 2000 measures temperature with thermocouples The temperature measure ment ranges available depend on the type of thermocouple chosen Thermocouples can be connected to the Model 2001 TCSCAN card which plugs into the option slot of the Model 2000 or to an external thermocouple card such as a Model 7057A 7402 or 7014 installed in a Model 7001 or 7002 Switch System Connections Figure 2 8 Thermocouple temperature Broess measurements 2001 TCSCAN ooH CH2 i P E x F E o kl o kl o Note This thermocouple card E must be inserted into a b Keithley Model 2000 Ell o Note Front or rear inputs can be used OUT A HI OUTALO Configuration The following information explains the various configuration options for temperature mea surements To select and configure the thermocouple measurement Press SHIFT then TCOUPL Three choices are available using the and keys UNITS C K F Centigrade Kelvin Fahrenheit This parame
175. program to demonstrate changing function and range taking readings on various functions For QuickBASIC 4 5 and CEC PC488 interface card Edit the following line to where the QuickBASIC libraries are on your computer SINCLUDE c qb45 ieeeqb bi Initialize the CEC interface as address 21 CALL initialize 21 0 Reset the SENSel subsystem settings along with the trigger model each READ will cause one trigger CALL SEND 16 rst status Set range for each function to measure CALL SEND 16 volt dc rang 1 status CALL SEND 16 volt ac rang 20 status CALL SEND 16 res rang 80 status Switch to DC volts and take reading CALL SEND 16 func volt dc read status readings SPACE 80 CALL ENTER reading length 16 status PRINT reading Switch to AC volts and take reading CALL SEND 16 func volt ac read status readings SPACE 80 CALL E TER readings length 16 status PRINT reading Switch to 2 wire ohms and take reading CALL SEND 16 func res read status readings SPACE 80 CALL ENTER readings length 16 status PRINT reading Other DMMs generally have two types of triggering one shot and continuous In one shot each activation of the selected trigger source causes one reading In continuous the DMM is idle until the trigger sourc
176. put of the analog RMS converter nearly pure DC at these frequencies is simply measured at 1 PLC 16 6ms Table 3 1 lists the rate settings for the various measurement functions The FAST MED and SLOW annunciators are only lit when conditions in the table are met In other case the annunciators are turned off Table 3 1 Rate settings for the measurement functions Rate Function Fast Medium Slow DCV DCI NPLC 0 1 NPLC 1 NPLC 10 ACV ACI NPLC 1 BW 300 NPLC X BW 30 NPLC X BW 3 2W Q4W NPLC 0 1 NPLC 1 NPLC 10 FREQ PERIOD APER 1s APER 1s APER 1s dB dBm ACV NPLC 1 BW 300 NPLC X BW 30 NPLC X BW 3 dB dBm DCV NPLC 0 1 NPLC 1 NPLC 10 Continuity NPLC 0 1 N A N A Diode test N A NPLC 1 N A Notes NPLC number of power line cycles BW lower limit of bandwidth in Hz APER aperture in seconds N A not available X setting ignored Trigger operations The following paragraphs discuss front panel triggering the programmable trigger delay the reading hold feature and external triggering Trigger model Figure 3 2 Front panel trig gering without stepping scan ning The flowchart of Figure 3 2 summarizes triggering as viewed from the front panel It is called a trigger model because it is modeled after the SCPI commands used to control trig gering Note that for stepping and scanning the trigger model has additional control blocks These are described in Scan operations l
177. quency period con tinuity and diode test Filter types The moving average filter uses a first in first out stack When the stack becomes full the measurement conversions are averaged yielding a reading For each subsequent conver sion placed into the stack the oldest conversion is discarded and the stack is re averaged yielding a new reading For the repeating filter the stack is filled and the conversions are averaged to yield a read ing The stack is then cleared and the process starts over Choose this filter for scanning so readings from other channels are not averaged with the present channel Conversion 10 Conversion 11 Conversion 12 9 10 11 8 9 10 7 8 9 6 Reading x 7 L Reading 8 Reading 5 1 s 6 2 7 3 e 4 e 5 6 3 4 5 2 13 4 Conversion 1 Conversion 2 Conversion 3 A Type Moving Average Readings 10 Conversion 10 Conversion 20 Conversion 30 9 19 29 8 18 28 7 17 27 t 6 L e Reading d 16 Reading d 26 Reading 5 1 15 2 25 3 e 4 e 14 24 3 13 23 2 12 22 Conversion 1 Conversion 11 Conversion 21 B Type Repeating Readings 10 Response time The filter parameters have speed and accuracy tradeoffs for the time needed to display store or output a filtered reading These affect the number of reading conversions for speed versus
178. r T J TYPE Query thermocouple type RJUNCction Path to configure reference junction RSELect lt name gt Select reference type SIMulated or REAL SIMulated RSELect Query reference type SIMulated lt n gt Specify simulated temperature in C 0 to 50 23 C SIMulated Query simulated temperature REAL Path to configure real reference junction TCOefficient n Specify temp coefficient 0 09999 to 0 09999 2e 4 TCOefficient Query temp coefficient OFFSET n Specify voltage offset at 0 C 0 09999 to 0 09999 5 463e 2 OFFSet Query voltage offset FREQuency Path to configure frequency THReshold Path to select the threshold voltage range VOLTage y RANGe lt n gt Select threshold range 0 to 1010 J RANGe Query threshold range REFerence n Specify reference 0 to 1 5e7 10 STATe b Enable or disable reference STATe Query state of reference 0 ACQuire Use input signal as reference OFF REFerence Query reference value DIGits lt n gt Specify measurement resoltuion 4 to 7 DIGits Query resolution Table 5 6 cont SENSe command summary Command Description eer SCPI PERiod Path to configure period THReshold Path to select the threshold voltage range VOLTage RANGe n Select threshold range 0 to 1010 RANGe Query threshold range REFerence n Specify reference 0 to 1 10 STATe b Enable or disable referenc
179. r is set indicating that the trace buffer is full PRESET command PRESET STATUS PRESET Return registers to default conditions Description When this command is sent the SCPI event registers are affected as fol lows All bits of the following registers are cleared to zero 0 Questionable Event Enable Register Measurement Event Enable Register Operation Event Enable Register NOTE Registers not included in the above list are not affected by this command SCPI Command Reference 5 59 QUEue commands NEXT STATus QUEue NEXT Read Error Queue Description As error and status messages occur they are placed into the Error CLEar Queue This query command is used to read those messages The Error Queue is a first in first out FIFO register Every time you read the queue the oldest message is read and that message is then re moved from the queue The queue will hold up to 10 messages If the queue becomes full the message 350 Queue Overflow will occupy the last memory location in the register On power up the Error Queue is empty When the Error Queue is empty the message 0 No error is placed in the Error Queue The messages in the queue are preceded by a number Negative num bers are used for SCPI defined messages and positive numbers are used for Keithley defined messages The messages are listed in Appen dix B After this command is sent and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk
180. ragraphs discuss storing and recalling buffered data Storing readings Use the following procedure to store readings 1 Setup the instrument for the desired configuration 2 Press the STORE key Using the lt gt and_ keys to select the number of readings desired 4 Press ENTER The asterisk annunciator turns on to indicate a data storage oper ation It will turn off when the storage is finished Recalling readings Use the following steps to view stored readings and buffer statistics 1 Press RECALL The BUFFER annunciator indicates that stored readings are being displayed The arrow annunciator indicates that more data can be viewed with the lt gt and keys 2 As shown in Figure 3 10 use the cursor keys to navigate through the reading num bers reading values and statistics For any of the buffer statistics maximum mini mum average statndard deviation the STAT annunciator is on 3 Use the EXIT key to return to the normal display Figure 3 10 Y Buffer locations RDG NO 10 Reading Value RDG NO 9 Reading Value RDG NO 8 Reading Value RDG NO 7 Reading Value RDG NO 6 Reading Value RDG NO 5 Reading Value RDG NO 4 Reading Value A RDG NO 3 Reading Value RDG NO 2 Reading Value RANGE RDG NO 1 Reading Value RANGE STD DEV Standard Deviation Value wr Average Average Value Min At XX Minimum Value Max At XX Maximum Value CED Buffer statistics The MAX AT and MIN AT values are the maxim
181. ram fragments are used to demonstrate proper programming syntax As the name implies only a fragment of the whole program is used to avoid redundancy At the beginning of each program driver files have to be opened The input terminator should be set for CRLF For example OPEN ieee FOR OUTPUT AS 1 OPEN ieee FOR INPUT AS 2 PRINT 1 interm crlf A typical program fragment includes an OUTPUT command and an ENTER command The OUTPUT command sends a program message command string to the Model 2000 multimeter If the program message includes a query command then the ENTER command is required to get the response message from the Model 2000 multimeter The ENTER com mand addresses the Model 2000 multimeter to talk The following example program frag ment demonstrates how OUTPUT and ENTER commands are used Note that the commands assume address 16 which is the factory set address of the Model 2000 multim eter PRINT 41 output 16 func volt ac func PRINT 41 enter 16 If you wish to display the response message on the CRT the computer will have to read the message and then print it to the CRT display as follows LINE INPUT 2 AS PRINT A The following programming example shows how all the above statements are used to gether The program fragment is shown in bold typeface OPEN ieee FOR OUTPUT AS 1 Open driver OPEN ieee FOR INPUT AS 2 Open driver PRINT 1 interm crlf CRLF terminator PRINT 1 ou
182. re kQ F4 4 wire kQ F5 mA DC F6 mA AC F7 Freq F8 Temp Range VDC VAC kQ mA DC mAAC Freq RO Auto on Auto on Auto on Auto on Autoon R1 1V 1V 1kQ 10mA 3A 1V R2 10V 10V 10kQ 10mA 3A 10V R3 100V 100V 100kQ 100mA 3A 100V R4 1000V 750V 1MQ 1A 1A 750V R5 1000V 750V 10MQ 3A 3A 750V R6 1000V 750V 100MQ 3A 3A 750V R7 Auto off Auto off Auto off Auto off Auto off R8 100mV 750V 1000 3A 3A 750V 2 wire and 4 wire ohms Reading rate S0 slow 10 PLC S1 Medium 1 PLC 6H digit resolution default S2 Fast 0 1 PLC 5H digit resolution Table D 2 cont Models 8840A 8842A device dependent command summary Mode Command Description Trigger mode Trigger Rear panel Auto mode trigger delay TO default Internal Disabled T1 External Enabled On T2 External Disabled On TS External Enabled Off T4 External Disabled Off Note Delay is enabled by entering EXT TRIG mode while in local Offset Rel BO Offset off default B1 Offset on Display DO Normal display default D1 Blank display Suffix YO Disable output suffix default Y1 Enable output suffix Terminator WO Enable CR LF EOI default W1 Enable CR LF only W2 Enable CR EOI only W3 Enable CR only W4 Enable LF EOI only W5 Enable LF only W6 Enable EOI only W7 Disable all output terminators Clear i Device clear resets 8842A to default conditions X0 Clear error register Single trigger Trigger measurement GET GO Get instrument configuration function range s
183. ribed as follows Bit 0 Measurement Status MSB A set bit indicates that a measurement event has occurred The event can be identified by reading the Measurement Event Status Register using the STATus MEASurement command see Section 5 for details Bit 1 Not used Bit 2 Error Available EAV A set bit indicates that an error or status message is present in the Error Queue The message can be read using one of the following SCPI commands SYSTem ERRor STATus QUEue See Section 5 for more information Bit 3 Questionable Summary Bit QSB A set bit indicates that a calibration error has occurred Bit 4 Message Available MAV A set bit indicates that a message is present in the Output Queue The message is sent to the computer when the Model 2000 is ad dressed to talk Bit 5 Event Summary Bit ESB A set bit indicates that an enabled standard event has occurred The event can be identified by reading the Standard Event Status Reg ister using the ESE query command Bit 6 Master Summary Status MSS Request Service RQS A set bit indicates that one or more enabled Status Byte conditions have occurred Read the MSS bit by us ing the STB query command or perform a serial poll to detect the occurrence of a service request RQS bit set Bit 7 Operation Summary OSB A set bit indicates that an enabled operation event has occurred The event can be identified by reading the Operation Event Status Register using the STATus O
184. rigger pulse Each time a pulse arrives at the Trigger Link connector the Model 2000 takes one reading Because TRIGger COUNt has been set to IN Finity the instrument never enters the idle state You can send the ABORt command to put the instrument in the idle state disabling triggers until another INITiate command is sent When your program must wait until the Model 2000 has completed an operation it is more efficient to program the 2000 to assert the IEEE 488 SRQ line when it is finished rather than repeatedly serial polling the instrument An IEEE 488 controller will typically address the in strument to talk then unaddress it each time it performs a serial poll Repeated polling of the Model 2000 will generally reduce its overall reading throughput Therefore use the srq function call The Model 2000 provides a status bit for nearly every operation it performs It can be pro grammed to assert the IEEE 488 SRQ line whenever a status bit becomes true or false The IEEE 488 controller your computer can examine the state of the the SRQ line without per forming a serial poll thereby detecting when the 2000 has completed its task without inter rupting it in the process The following example program segment sets up the Model 2000 to assert SRQ when the reading buffer has completely filled then arms the reading buffer initiates readings and waits for the Model 2000 to indicate that the buffer is full This is not a complete pr
185. ription This command specifies the sample count The sample count defines how many times operation loops around in the trigger model to perform a de vice action NOTE _ If sample count is gt 1 you cannot use the READ command if there are readings stored in the buffer UNIT subsystem The UNIT subsystem is used to configure and control the measurement units for TEMP ACV and DCV and is summarized in Table 5 11 TEMPerature command TEMPerature lt name gt UNIT TEMPerature lt name gt Specify TEMP units Parameters lt name gt C or CEL C temperature units F or FAR F temperature units K K temperature units Query TEMPerature Query temperature units Description This command is used to specify the units for temperature measure ments VOLTage commands AC lt name gt UNIT VOLTage AC lt name gt Specify ACV units Parameters lt name gt V AC voltage measurement units DB dB AC voltage measurement units DBM dBm AC voltage measurement units Query AC Query AC voltage units Description This command is used to select the units for ACV measurements With volt V units selected normal AC voltage measurements are made for the ACV function With DB units selected AC dB voltage measurements are performed The DBM units selection is used to make decibel measure ments referenced to 1mW dB and dBm measurements are explained fur ther in Section 2 DB REFerence n UNIT VOLTage AC DB REFerence lt n gt Specify
186. rmal display op eration can be resumed by using the ENABle command to enable the dis play or by putting the Model 2000 into local mode press LOCAL TEXT commands DATA a DISPlay WINDow 1 TEXT DATA lt a gt Define message for display Parameter lt a gt ASCII characters for message maximum of 12 characters The characters must be enclosed in either double quotes or single quotes Query DATA Query the defined text message Description These commands define the text message for display A message can be as long as 12 characters A space counts as a character Excess mes sage characters results in an error STATe lt b gt DISPlay WINDow 1 TEXT STATe lt b gt Control on off message Parameters lt b gt 0 or OFF Disable text message 1 or ON Enable text message Query STATe Query state of message mode Description This command enables and disables the text message mode When en abled a defined message is displayed When disabled the message is removed from the display A user defined text message remains displayed only as long as the instru ment is in remote Taking the instrument out of remote by pressing the LOCAL key or sending LOCAL 16 cancels the message and disables the text message mode FORMat subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to select the data format for transferring instrument readings over the bus The BORDer command and DATA command only af
187. rom the controller Figure E 2 IEEE 488 hand shake sequence IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 7 The bus handshake lines operate in an interlocked sequence This method ensures reli able data transmission regardless of the transfer rate Generally data transfer will occur at a rate determined by the slowest active device on the bus One of the three handshake lines is controlled by the source the talker sending informa tion while the remaining two lines are controlled by accepting devices the listener or lis teners receiving the information The three handshake lines are DAV DATA VALID The source controls the state of the DAV line to indicate to any lis tening devices whether or not data bus information is valid NRFD Not Ready For Data The acceptor controls the state of NRFD It is used to sig nal to the transmitting device to hold off the byte transfer sequence until the accepting device is ready NDAC Not Data Accepted NDAC is also controlled by the accepting device The state of NDAC tells the source whether or not the device has accepted the data byte The complete handshake sequence for one data byte is shown in Figure E 2 Once data is placed on the data lines the source checks to see that NRFD is high indicating that all active devices are ready At the same time NDAC should be low from the previous byte transfer If these conditions are not met the source must wait until NDAC and NRFD have the correct
188. rror 100 vdc full scale error 100 vdc full scale error 1k 2 w zero error 10k 2 w zero error 100k 2 w zero error 10M 2 w zero error 10M 2 w full scale error 10M 2 w open error 1k 4 w zero error 10k 4 w zero error 100k 4 w zero error 10M 4 w sense lo zero error 1k 4 w full scale error 10k 4 w full scale error 100k 4 w full scale error 1M 4 w full scale error 10M 4 w full scale error 10m adc zero error 100m adc zero error 10m adc full scale error 100m adc full scale error 1 adc full scale error Date of calibration not set Next date of calibration not set 100m vac dac error 1 vac dac error 10 vac dac error 100 vac dac error 100m vac zero error 100m vac full scale error 1 vac zero error 1 vac full scale error 1 vac noise error Event SE SE SE SE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE Table B 1 Status and error messages Status and Error Messages Number 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 500 510 511 512 513 514 515 522 610 611 800 802 803 805 806 807 808 900 950 951 952 953 954 955 Description 10 vac zero error 10 vac full scale error 10 vac noise error 100 vac zero error 100 vac full scale error 750 vac zero error 750 vac full scale error 750 vac noise error Pos
189. rs y DATA Query text message y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable message mode Note 2 y STATe Query text message state y ENABle lt b gt Enable or disable the front panel display Note 3 ENABle Query state of the display Notes 1 RST and SYSTem PRESet has no effect on a user defined message Cycling power cancels all user defined messages 2 RST and SYSTem PRESet has no effect on the state of the message mode Cycling power disables OFF the message mode 3 RST and SYSTem PRESet has no effect on the display circuitry Cycling power enables ON the display circuitry Table 5 4 FORMat command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI FORMat DATA lt type gt lt length gt Select data format ASCii SREal or DREal ASCii y DATA Query data format y ELEMents item list Specify data elements READing CHANnel and UNITs READing ELEMents Query data elements i BORDer lt name gt Select binary byte order NORMal or SWAPped SWAPped 4 BORDer Query byte order Table 5 5 ROUTe command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI ROUTe Commands to control scanner card CLOSe lt chan num gt Close specified channel 1 to 10 or channel pair 1 to 5 STATe Query closed channel or channel pair OPEN ALL Open all input channels 1 through 10 MULTiple Path to close and open multiple channels
190. rt Place 2000 in idle PRINT 1 output 02 trig coun 1 sour tim Program for 30 measurements and then stop idle PRINT 41 output 02 samp coun 30 PRINT 1 output 02 init wai Start measurements and send wai PRINT 41 output 02 data Query a reading PRINT 41 enter 02 Get reading after 2000 goes into idle LINE INPUT 42 a Read the reading PRINT a Display the reading 5 SCPI Command Reference SCPI Command Reference This section contains reference information on programming the Model 2000 with the SCPI commands It is organized as follows SCPI Signal Oriented Measurement Commands Covers the signal oriented measure ment commands These commands are used to acquire readings SCPI command subsystems reference tables Includes a summary table for each SCPI subsystem command SCPI command subsystems Includes additional information on each SCPI subsystem command The signal oriented measurement commands are used to acquire readings You can use these high level instructions to control the measurement process These commands are summarized in Table 5 1 Table 5 1 Signal oriented measurement command summary Command Description CONFigure lt function gt Places the Model 2000 in a one shot measurement mode for the specified function FETCh Requests the latest reading without triggering READ Performs an ABORt INITiate and a FETCh MEASure lt f
191. rupted EE 363 Input buffer overrun SYS 350 Queue overflow SYS 330 Self test failed EE 314 Save recall memory lost EE 315 Configuration memory lost EE 285 Program syntax error EE 284 Program currently running EE 282 Illegal program name EE 281 Cannot create program EE 260 Expression error EE 241 Hardware missing EE 230 Data corrupt or stale EE 225 Out of memory EE 224 Illegal parameter value EE 223 Too much data EE 222 Parameter data out of range EE 221 Settings conflict EE 220 Parameter error EE 215 Arm deadlock EE 214 Trigger deadlock EE 213 Init ignored EE 212 Arm ignored EE 211 Trigger ignored EE 210 Trigger error EE 202 Settings lost due to rtl EE 201 Invalid while in local EE 200 Execution error EE 178 Expression data not allowed EE 171 Invalid expression EE 170 Expression error EE 168 Block data not allowed EE 161 Invalid block data EE 160 Block data error EE 158 String data not allowed EE 154 String too long EE 151 Invalid string data EE 150 String data error EE Table B 1 Status and error messages Status and Error Messages Number 148 144 141 140 128 124 123 121 120 114 113 112 111 110 109 108 105 104 103 102 101 100 000 101 121 122 123 124 125 126 161 171 174 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 Description Character data not allowed Character data too long Invalid character d
192. ry Command Description Um SCPI INITiate Subsystem command path Y IMMediate Initiate one trigger cycle Y CONTinuous lt b gt Enable or disable continuous initiation Note 1 Y CONTinuous Query continuous initiation Y ABORt Reset trigger system Y TRIGger SEQuence 1 Path to program Trigger Layer Y COUNt lt n gt Set measure count 1 to 9999 or INF Note 2 Y COUNI Query measure count Y DELay lt n gt Set delay 0 to 999999 999 sec 0 Y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto delay OFF AUTO Query state of delay DELay Query delay SOURce lt name gt Select control source IMMediate TIMer IMMediate y MANual BUS or EXTernal SOURce Query control source TIMer n Set timer interval 0 001 to 999999 999 sec 0 1 y TIMer Request the programmed timer interval y SIGNal Loop around control source Y SAMPle Y COUNt lt NRf gt Specify sample count 1 to 1024 1 COUNt Query sample count Notes 1 Defaults for continuous initiation SYSTem PRESet enables continuous initiation RST disables continuous initiation 2 Defaults for count SYSTem PRESet sets the count to INF infinite RST sets the count to 1 Table 5 11 UNIT command summary es Default Command Description parameter SCPI UNIT TEMPerature name Select temperature measurement units C F or K C Y TEMPerature Query temperature units y VOLTage Path to configure voltage
193. s Measuring frequency and period The Model 2000 can make frequency measurements from 3Hz to 500kHz on voltage ranges of 100mV 1V 10V 100V and 750V Period measurements can be taken from 2us to 333ms on the same voltage ranges as the frequency The instrument uses the volts input terminals to measure frequency The AC voltage range can be changed with the RANGE and keys The signal voltage must be greater than 10 of the full scale range CAUTION The voltage limit is subject to the 8 x 10 V Hz product Trigger level Frequency and Period use a zero crossing trigger meaning that a count is taken when the frequency crosses the zero level The Model 2000 uses a reciprocal counting technique to measure frequency and period This method generates constant measurement resolution for any input frequency The multimeter s AC voltage measurement section performs input signal conditioning Connections Assuming factory default conditions the basic procedure is as follows 1 Connect test leads to the INPUT HI and LO terminals of the Model 2000 Either the front or rear inputs can be used place the INPUTS button in the appropriate position 2 Select the FREQ or PERIOD function 3 Connect test leads to the source as shown in Figure 2 7 CAUTION Do not exceed 1000V peak between INPUT HI and INPUT LO or instrument damage may occur 4 Take a reading from the display See Section 3 Measurement Options for information that ex
194. scription This command is used to read the status of storage memory After send ing this command and addressing the Model 2000 to talk two values sep arated by commas are sent to the computer The first value indicates how many bytes of memory are available and the second value indicates how many bytes are reserved to store readings POINts command POINts lt NRf gt TRACe POINts lt NRf gt Specify buffer size Parameter lt n gt 2 to 1024 Query POINts Query the buffer size Description This command is used to specify the size of the buffer FEED command FEED name TRACe FEED lt name gt Specify readings source Parameters name SENSe 1 Put raw readings in buffer CALCulate 1 Put calculated readings in buffer NONE Put no readings in buffer Query FEED Query buffer feed Description This command is used to select the source of readings to be placed in the buffer With SENSe 1 selected raw readings are placed in the buffer when storage is performed With CALCulate 1 selected calculated math readings mx b or PERCent or NONE are placed in the buffer With NONE selected no readings are placed in the buffer when storage is performed over the bus CONTrol lt name gt TRACe FEED CONTrol lt name gt Specify buffer control Parameters lt name gt NEVer Disables buffer storage NEXT Fills buffer and stops Query CONTrol Query buffer control Description This command is used to select the buffer con
195. speed of bus information transfer since the task of listen ing takes up bus time IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 3 Through the use of control lines a handshake sequence takes place in the transfer pro cess of information from a talker to a listener This handshake sequence helps ensure the credibility of the information transfer The basic handshake sequence between an active controller talker and a listener is as follows 1 2 3 The listener indicates that it is ready to listen The talker places the byte of data on the bus and indicates that the data is available to the listener The listener aware that the data is available accepts the data and then indicates that the data has been accepted The talker aware that the data has been accepted stops sending data and indicates that data is not being sent The listener aware that there is no data on the bus indicates that it is ready for the next byte of data E 4 IEEE 488 Bus Overview The IEEE 488 bus which is also frequently referred to a the GPIB General Purpose In terface Bus was designed as a parallel transfer medium to optimize data transfer without using an excessive number of bus lines In keeping with this goal the bus has only eight data lines that are used for both data and with most commands Five bus management lines and three handshake lines round out the complement of bus signal lines A typical set up for controlled operation is shown in Figure E 1
196. status If the source is a controller NRFD and NDAC must be stable for at least 100nsec after ATN is set true Because of the possibility of a bus hang up many controllers have time out routines that display messages in case the transfer sequence stops for any reason Once all NDAC and NRFD are properly set the source sets DAV low indicating to accept ing devices that the byte on the data lines is now valid NRFD will then go low and NDAC will go high once all devices have accepted the data Each device will release NDAC at its own rate but NDAC will not be released to go high until all devices have accepted the data byte The sequence just described is used to transfer both data talk and listen addresses as well as multiline commands The state of the ATN line determines whether the data bus con tains data addresses or commands as described in the following paragraph DATA X X SOURCE DAV SOURCE VALID ALL READY ACCEPTOR NRFD ua ALL ACCEPTED NDAC ACCEPTOR E 8 IEEE 488 Bus Overview The instrument may be given a number of special bus commands through the IEEE 488 interface This section briefly describes the purpose of the bus commands which are grouped into the following three categories 1 Uniline Commands Sent by setting the associated bus lines true For example to assert REN Remote Enable the REN line would be set low true 2 Multiline Commands General bus commands which are sent over
197. system nene ee ut aden reds 5 68 Trigger SuDSyStelm 5 ng reet ERR ER iine 5 70 SUNIT s bsystem 1 ene ene ee eterne eee 5 74 B Status and Error Messages C Example Programs Program examples terere tret aasia daarin C 2 D Models 196 199 and 8840A 8842A Commands E IEEE 488 Bus Overview Iritro dictionis rnce ie eoreteote E ee race coe aae o qe dan uve YE dat eR cates E 2 Bus descriptiori iie ED pon RR RE E 4 Bu s lIt1GS os dcncteet iet ers sere cetur we dr ever edo tee ak eR esu da caren E 6 Bus commands eese rene reden ca ecd ere eva a a PY PEDE aed a E 8 Interface function codes ssssseseeeeeeeenrnnnnennnnnn E 15 F IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information Initrodction iere it ened ae a ere otav eae ied F 2 General Information 1 2 General Information Introduction This section contains general information about the Model 2000 Multimeter The informa tion is organized as follows Feature overview Manual addenda Safety symbols and terms Specifications Inspection Options and accessories If you have any questions after reviewing this information please contact your local Keithley representative or call one of our Applications Engineers at 1 800 348 3735 U S and Canada only Worldwide phone numbers are listed at the front of this manual Feature overview The Model 2000 is a 612 digit high performance digital multimeter It has 0 002 90 day basic DC voltage acc
198. t MINi mum and MAXimum parameters for the query form These query forms are used to deter mine the RST default value and the upper and lower limits for the fundamental command Examples TRIGger TIMer DEFault Queries the RST default value TRIGger TIMer MINimum Queries the lowest allowable value TRIGger TIMer MAXimum Queries the largest allowable value Case sensitivity Common commands and SCPI commands are not case sensitive You can use upper or lower case and any case combination Examples RST rst DATA data SYSTem PRESet system preset Long form and short form versions A SCPI command word can be sent in its long form or short form version The command subsystem tables in Section 5 provide the in the long form version However the short form version is indicated by upper case characters Examples SYSTem PRESet long form SYST PRES short form SYSTem PRES long form and short form combination Note that each command word must be in long form or short form and not something in between For example SYSTe PRESe is illegal and will generate an error The command will not be executed Short form rules Use the following rules to determine the short form version of any SCPI command If the length of the command word is four letters or less no short form version exists Example auto auto These rules apply to command words that exceed four letters If the fourth letter of the command word is
199. t Event Enable Register STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt NRf gt Program Questionable Event Enable Register STATus OPERation ENABle lt NRf gt Program Operation Event Enable Register Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Clear register lt NRf gt 128 Set bit B7 1 Set bit BO 256 X Set bit B8 2 Set bit B1 512 Setbit B9 4 Set bit B2 1024 Setbit B10 16 Set bit B4 16384 Setbit B14 32 Set bit B5 65535 Set all bits 64 Set bit B6 Query ENABle Query enable register Description These commands are used to set the contents of the event enable regis ters see Figures 5 7 5 8 and 5 9 An ENABle command is sent with the decimal equivalent of the binary value that determines the desired state 0 or 1 of each bit in the appropriate register Each event enable register is used as a mask for events see EVENt for descriptions of events When a bit in an event enable register is cleared 0 the corresponding bit in the event register is masked and thus cannot set the corresponding summary bit of the next register set in the status structure Conversely when a bit in an event enable register is set 1 the corresponding bit in the event register is unmasked When the un masked bit in the event register sets the summary bit of the next register set in the status structure will set The decimal weighting of the bits for each event enable register are in cluded in Figures 5 7 5 8 and 5 9 The sum of the decimal weights of the bits that you wish to set is s
200. t NRf gt ESENSe 1 DIODe CURRent RANGe UPPer lt NRf gt Select current range for diode test Parameters lt NRf gt 0 to 1e 3 Specify diode test current Query UPPer Query selected range Description There are three current ranges available for the diode test 10A range 100pA range and the 1mA range Range is selected by using this com mand to specify the expected current for the diode under test The instru ment will then automatically select the appropriate range CONTinuity command THReshold lt n gt SENSe 1 CONTinuity THReshold lt NRf gt Specify threshold resistance Parameters lt NRf gt 1 to 1000 Specify threshold in ohms Query THReshold Query threshold resistance This command is used to specify the threshold resistance for the continu ity test Continuity occurs when the measurement is less than or equal to the specified threshold level 5 52 SCPI Command Reference STATus subsystem The STATus subsystem is used to control the status registers of the Model 2000 The commands in this subsystem are summarized in Table 5 7 EVENt command EVEN STATus MEASurement EVEN Read Measurement Event Register STATus OPERation EVENE Read Operation Event Register STATus QUEStionable EVENt Read Questionable Event Register Description These query commands are used to read the event registers After send ing one of these commands and addressing the Model 2000 to talk a dec imal value is sent to the comput
201. t PMT gt Command execution rules Commands execute in the order that they are presented in the program message An invalid command generates an error and of course is not executed Valid commands that precede an invalid command in a multiple command program message are executed Valid commands that follow an invalid command in a multiple command program message are ignored Response messages A response message is the message sent by the instrument to the computer in response to a query command program message Sending a response message After sending a query command the response message is placed in the Output Queue When the Model 2000 Multimeter is then addressed to talk the response message is sent from the Output Queue to the computer Multiple response messages If you send more than one query command in the same program message see the para graph entitled Multiple Command Messages the multiple response messages for all the queries is sent to the computer when the Model 2000 is addressed to talk The responses are sent in the order that the query commands were sent and are separated by semicolons Items within the same query are separated by commas The following example shows the response message for a program message that contains four single item query com mands 0 1 1 0 Response message terminator RMT Each response is terminated with an LF line feed and EOI end or identify The follow i
202. t filter offset error 1 aac zero error 1 aac full scale error 3 aac zero error 3 aac full scale error Input time constant error Frequency gain error Calibration data invalid Reading buffer data lost GPIB address lost Power on state lost AC calibration data lost DC calibration data lost Calibration dates lost GPIB communication language lost Questionable Calibration Questionable Temperature RS 232 Framing Error detected RS 232 Overrun detected RS 232 Break detected Invalid system communication RS 232 Settings Lost RS 232 OFLO Characters Lost ASCII only with RS 232 Internal System Error DDC Status Model DDC Trigger Overrun Error DDC Interval Overrun Error DDC Big String Error DDC Uncalibrated Error DDC No Scanner Error DDC Maximum Channel is 4 Event EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE SE SE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE EE B 5 B 6 Status and Error Messages Table B 1 Status and error messages Number Description Event 956 DDC Maximum Channel is 8 EE 957 DDC Calibration Locked EE 958 DDC Conflict Error EE 959 DDC No Remote Error EE 960 DDC Mode IDDC Error EE 961 DDC Mode IDDCO Error EE Keithley 199 Serial Poll Byte Events 962 DDC Ready SE 963 DDC Reading Done SE 964 DDC Buffer Half Full SE 965 DDC Buffer Full SE 966 DDC Reading overflow SE Fluke 8842 serial poll byte events 970 Fluke
203. t the temperature and continuity functions have just one range To enable autoranging press the AUTO key The AUTO annunciator turns on when au toranging is selected While autoranging is selected the instrument automatically chooses the best range to measure the applied signal Autoranging should not be used when opti mum speed is required Note that up ranging occurs at 120 of range while down ranging occurs at 10 of nom inal range To cancel autoranging press AUTO or the RANGE or key Pressing AUTO to cancel autoranging leaves the instrument on the present range The AUTO key has no effect on the temperature continuity and diode test functions Figure 3 1 Moving average and repeating fil ters FILTER lets you set the filter response to stabilize noisy measurements The Model 2000 uses a digital filter which is based on reading conversions The displayed stored or trans mitted reading is simply an average of a number of reading conversions from 1 to 100 To select a filter 1 Press FILTER once if the FILT annunciator is off press twice if FILT is on 2 Enter the number of readings 3 Select the type of filter you want moving average or repeating then press ENTER The FILT annunciator turns on When a filter is enabled the selected filter configuration for that measurement function is in effect Pressing FILTER once disables the filter NOTE The filter can be set for any measurement function except fre
204. te itself Table E 3 Typical addressed command sequence Data bus Step Command ATN state ASCII Hex Decimal 1 UNL Set low 3F 63 2 LAG Stays low 0 30 48 3 SDC Stays low EOT 04 4 4 Returns high Assumes primary address 16 Table E 4 gives a typical common command sequence In this instance ATN is true while the instrument is being addressed but it is set high while sending the common command string Table E 4 Typical addressed command sequence Data bus Step Command ATN state ASCII Hex Decimal 1 UNL Set low 3F 63 2 LAG Stays low 0 30 48 3 Data Set high E 2A 42 4 Data Stays high R 52 82 5 Data Stays high S 53 83 6 Data Stays high T 54 84 Assumes primary address 16 Command groups supported by the Model 2000 are listed in Table E 5 Common com mands and SCPI commands are not included in this list Table E 5 IEEE command groups HANDSHAKE COMMAND GROUP NDAC NOT DATA ACCEPTED NRFD NOT READY FOR DATA DAV DATA VALID UNIVERSAL COMMAND GROUP ATN ATTENTION DCL DEVICE CLEAR IFC INTERFACE CLEAR REN REMOTE ENABLE SPD SERIAL POLL DISABLE SPE SERIAL POLL ENABLE ADDRESS COMMAND GROUP LISTEN LAG LISTEN ADDRESS GROUP MLA MY LISTEN ADDRESS UNL UNLISTEN TALK TAG TALK ADDRESS GROUP MTA MY TALK ADDRESS UNT UNTALK OTA OTHER TALK ADDRESS ADDRESSED COMMAND GROUP ACG ADDRESSED COMMAND GROUP GTL GO T
205. ted if continuous initiation is disabled the instru ment goes into the idle state If continuous initiation is enabled the oper ation re starts at the beginning of the Trigger Model When CONFigure is executed the instrument goes into a one shot measurement mode See CONFigure for more details When READ is executed its operations will then be performed In gen eral another ABORt is performed then an INITiate and finally a FETCh to acquire the reading See READ for more details SCPI command subsystems reference tables Tables 5 2 through 5 11 summarize the commands for each SCPI sub system The following list includes the SCPI subsystem commands and the table number where each command is summarized CALCulate command summary Table 5 2 DISPlay command summary Table 5 3 FORMat command summary Table 5 4 ROUTe command summary Table 5 5 SENSe command summary Table 5 6 STATus command summary Table 5 7 SYSTem command summary Table 5 8 TRACe command summary Table 5 9 Trigger command summary Table 5 10 UNIT command summary Table 5 11 General notes Brackets are used to denote optional character sets These option al characters do not have to be included in the program message Do not use brackets in the program message Angle brackets lt gt are used to indicate parameter type Do not use angle brackets in the program message The Boolean parameter lt b gt is used to ena
206. ted by sending three Separate program messages as follows stat oper enab lt NRf gt stat oper enab stat pres In each of the above program messages the path pointer starts at the root command stat and moves down the command levels until the command is executed Multiple command messages You can send multiple command messages in the same program message as long as they are separated by semicolons Here is an example showing two commands in one program message stat oper stat oper enab lt NRf gt When the above is sent the first command word is recognized as the root command stat When the next colon is detected the path pointer moves down to the next command level and executes the command When the path pointer sees the colon after the semicolon it resets back to the root level and starts over Commands that are on the same command level can be executed without having to re type the entire command path Example stat oper enab lt NRf gt enab After the first command enab is executed the path pointer is at the third command level in the structure Since enab is also on the third level it can be typed in without repeating the entire path name Notice that the leading colon for enab is not included in the program message If a colon were included the path pointer would reset to the root level and expect a root command Since enab is not a root command an error would occur Command path rul
207. ter selects the dis played units for temperature measurements TYPE J K T thermocouple type e JUNC SIM CH1 simulated or referenced at Channel 1 Typically a thermocou ple card uses a single reference junction The Model 2000 can simulate a reference junction temperature or use the reference junction on a switching card Typical ref erence junction temperatures are 0 C and 23 C A simulated reference temperature is the temperature of the junction where the thermo couple voltage is sensed It is room temperature if the thermocouple wire is terminated to banana jacks and corrected directly to the multimeter The accuracy of a temperature mea surement depends on the accuracy of the reference junction Math Model 2000 math operations are divided into four categories mX b and percent e dBm and GB calculations Statistics of buffered readings Limit testing The first two categories are discussed here buffered reading statistics and reading limit testing are described in Section 3 Measurement Options The procedure to select and configure a math operation is summarized as follows 1 Press SHIFT then the appropriate math key 2 Configure the parameters for the math operation Press ENTER when done Press SHIFT then the related math function to end the calculation NOTES Once enabled for a function the mX b and percentage calculations are in effect across function changes The Model 2000 uses IEEE 754 f
208. termine which device has requested service SPD Serial Poll Disable SPD is used by the controller to remove all devices on the bus from the serial poll mode and is generally the last command in the serial polling se quence E 10 IEEE 488 Bus Overview Addressed commands are multiline commands that must be preceded by the device lis ten address before that instrument will respond to the command in question Note that only the addressed device will respond to these commands Both the commands and the ad dress preceding it are sent with ATN true SDC Selective Device Clear The SDC command performs essentially the same func tion as the DCL command except that only the addressed device responds Generally in struments return to their power up default conditions when responding to the SDC command GTL Go To Local The GTL command is used to remove instruments from the remote mode With some instruments GTL also unlocks front panel controls if they were previously locked out with the LLO command GET Group Execute Trigger The GET command is used to trigger devices to perform a specific action that depends on device configuration for example take a reading Al though GET is an addressed command many devices respond to GET without addressing Addressed commands include two primary command groups and a secondary address group ATN is true when these commands are asserted The commands include LAG Listen Addr
209. the bus Simply setting REN true does not ac tually place the instrument in the remote state You must address the instrument to listen af ter setting REN true before it goes into remote Note that the instrument need not be in remote to be a talker Program fragment PRINT 1 remote 16 Place the Model 2000 in re mote turn on REM annunciator Note that all front panels controls except for LOCAL and POWER are inoperative while the instrument is in remote You can restore normal front panel operation by pressing the LOCAL key The IFC command is sent by the controller to place the Model 2000 multimeter in the lo cal talker listener idle states The unit responds to the IFC command by canceling front pan el TALK or LSTN lights if the instrument was previously placed in one of those states Note that this command does not affect the status of the instrument settings data and event registers are not changed To send the IFC command the controller need only set the IFC line true for a minimum of 100us Program fragment PRINT 1 output 16 idn Send query command PRINT 1 enter 16 Read data turn on TALK annun ciator SLEEP 3 Wait 3 seconds PRINT 1 abort Talker idle state turn off TALK annunciator LLO local lockout Use the LLO command to prevent local operation of the instrument After the unit receives LLO all its front panel controls except the POWER are inoperative In this state pressing the LO
210. the data lines with the ATN line true low 3 Common Commands Commands that are common to all devices on the bus sent with ATN high false 4 SCPI Commands Commands that are particular to each device on the bus sent with ATN false These bus commands and their general purpose are summarized in Table E 1 Table E 1 IEEE 488 bus command summary State of Command Command ATN Comments type line Uniline REN Remote Enable X Set up devices for remote operation EOI X Marks end of transmission IFC Interface Clear X Clears interface ATN Attention Low Defines data bus contents SRQ X Controlled by external device Multiline LLO Local Lockout Low Locks our local operation Universal DCL Device Clear Low Returns device to default conditions SPE Serial Enable Low Enables serial polling SPD Serial Poll Disable Low Disables serial polling Addressed SDC Selective Device Clear Low Returns unit to default conditions GTL Go To Local Low Returns device to local Unaddressed UNL Unlisten Low Removes all listeners from the bus UNT Untalk Low Removes any talkers from the bus Common High Programs IEEE 488 2 compatible instruments for common operations SCPI High Programs SCPI compatible instru ments for particular operations IEEE 488 Bus Overview E 9 ATN IFC and REN are asserted only by the controller SRQ is asserted by an external device EOI may be asserted either by the
211. the hold feature is enabled see HOLD commands in Section 5 then the first pro cessed reading becomes the seed reading and operation loops back to the beginning of the device action After the next reading is processed it is compared to the programmed hold window 0 01 to 20 If the reading is within the window then operation again loops back to the beginning of the device action This looping action continues until the specified number 2 to 100 of valid hold readings readings within the window have occurred If one of the hold readings is not within the window then the instrument acquires a new seed reading and repeats the hold process After the hold is released an audible beep is sounded to signal a valid measurement The use of Hold is explained in Section 3 If the instrument is performing a step or scan then the next task for device action is to open the previous channel if closed and close the next channel If the filter hold feature and scanning are disabled the device action would simply be a single reading conversion Programming syntax The information in this section covers syntax for both common commands and SCPI com mands For information not covered here see the IEEE 488 2 and SCPI standards Command words Program messages are made up of one or more command words Commands and command parameters Common commands and SCPI commands may or may not use a parameter The follow ing are some examples
212. the receiving device is ready Perform the following steps to set flow control 1 Access the RS 232 configuration by pressing SHIFT and then RS232 You see RS 232 ON assuming you have already selected the RS 232 interface Go to the flow control field by using the or key You see FLOW lt control gt Access the flow control options by pressing the key You see the flow control se lection blinking Usethe or keyto display the desired flow control NONE or XonXoFF and press ENTER You will then be prompted to set the terminator Continue on for infor mation about the terminator You can return to the measurement mode by pressing EXIT The Model 2000 can be configured to terminate each program message that it transmits to the controller with any combination of CR and lt LF gt Perform the following steps to set the terminator 1 Access the RS 232 configuration by pressing SHIFT and then RS232 You see RS 232 ON assuming you have already selected the RS 232 interface Go to the terminator field by using the or key You see TX TERM terminator Access the terminator options by pressing the key You see the terminator selection blinking Use the or key to display the desired terminator LF CR or LFCR and press ENTER The instrument will return to the measurement mode The RS 232 serial port can be connected to the serial port of a controller i e personal computer using a straight through RS 232 cable termi
213. this state no pending overlapped commands exist The Model 2000 has three overlapped commands INITiate e INITiate CONTinuous ON e TRG When you send the OPC command the Model 2000 exits from OQIS and enters the Operation Complete Command Query Active State OQAS In OQAS the instrument con tinuously monitors the No Operation Pending flag After the last pending overlapped com mand is completed No Operation Pending flag set to true an ASCII character 1 is placed into the Output Queue the Message Available MAV bit in the Status Byte sets and the in strument goes back into OQIS Addressing the Model 2000 to talk sends the ASCII 1 to the computer Note that the instrument always goes into OQAS when OPC is executed If no pending command operations are present e g trigger model in idle state the Model 2000 immedi ately places an ASCII 1 in the Output Queue sets the MAV bit and returns to OQIS When used with the INITiate or INITiate CONTinuous ON command an ASCII 1 will not be sent to the Output Queue and the MAV bit will not set until the Model 2000 goes back into the idle state The initiate operations are not considered finished until the instrument goes into the idle state When used with the TRG command an ASCII 1 will not be placed into the Output Queue and the MAV bit will not set until the operations associated with the TRG command and the initiate command are finished The T
214. tion With EXTernal select ed operation continues when an External Trigger is received With TIMer selected the event occurs at the beginning of the timer inter val and every time it times out For example if the timer is programmed for a 30 second interval the first pass through the control source occurs immediately Subsequent scan events will then occur every 30 seconds The interval for the timer is set using the TIMer command With MANual selected the event occurs when the TRIG key is pressed With BUS selected the event occurs when a GET or TRG command is sent over the bus TiMer n TRIGger SEQuence 1 TIMer n Set interval for measure layer timer Parameters n 0 001 to 999999 999 Specify timer interval in seconds Query TIMer Query programmed timer interval Description These commands are used to set the interval for the timer Note that the timer is in effect only if the timer is the selected control source SIGNal TRIGger SEQuence 1 SIGNal Bypass measure control source Description This action command is used to bypass the specified control source when you do not wish to wait for the programmed event Keep in mind that the instrument must be waiting for the appropriate event when the command is sent Otherwise an error occurs and this command is ignored SAMPle Command SAMPle COUNt lt NRf gt Set sample count Parameter lt NRf gt 1 to 1024 Query COUNt Query the sample count Desc
215. ton for possible future reshipment The following items are included with every Model 2000 order Model 2000 Multimeter with line cord Safety test leads Model 1751 Accessories as ordered Certificate of calibration Model 2000 User s Manual P N 2000 900 00 Model 2000 Calibration Manual P N 2000 905 00 Model 2000 Support Software Disk including TestPoint run time applications TestPoint instrument libraries for GPIB and RS 232 and QuickBASIC examples If an additional manual is required order the appropriate manual package The manual packages include a manual and any pertinent addenda 1 5 Options and accessories The following options and accessories are available from Keithley for use with the Model 2000 Scanner cards Model 2000 SCAN This is a 10 channel scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2000 Channels can be configured for 2 pole or 4 pole operation Included are two pairs of leads for connection to Model 2000 rear panel inputs Keithley P N CA 109 Model 2001 TCSCAN This is a thermocouple scanner card that installs in the option slot of the Model 2000 The card has nine analog input channels that can be used for high ac curacy high speed scanning A built in temperature reference allows multi channel cold junction compensated temperature measurements using thermocouples General purpose probes Model 1754 Universal Test Lead Kit Consists of one set of test leads
216. tput 16 func volt ac func Select ACV and query PRINT 1 enter 16 Get response message LINE INPUT 2 AS Read response message PRINT AS Display message General commands are those commands such as DCL that have the same general meaning regardless of the instrument Table 4 3 lists the general bus commands along with the programming statement for each command which use the Keithley KPC 488 2 IEEE in terface and the HP style Universal Language Driver Note that the commands requiring that the primary address be specified assume that the address is the factory set address of 16 Table 4 3 General bus commands and associated statements Command E regramming Effect on Model 2000 Multimeter REN REMOTE 16 Goes into effect when next addressed to listen IFC ABORT Goes into talker and listener idle states LLO LOCAL LOCKOUT LOCAL key locked out GTL LOCAL 16 Cancel remote restore front panel operation for the 2000 LOCAL Cancel remote restore front panel operation for all devices DCL CLEAR Return all devices to known conditions SDC CLEAR 16 Returns Model 2000 to known conditions GET TRIGGER 16 Initiates a trigger SPE SPD SPOLL 16 Serial Polls the Model 2000 REN remote enable The remote enable command is sent to the Model 2000 by the controller to set up the in strument for remote operation Generally the instrument should be placed in the remote mode before you attempt to program it over
217. trol With NEVer selected storage into the buffer is disabled With either of the other selections stor age is performed as long as buffer feed is not set for NONE see TRACe FEED NONE When NEXT is selected the storage process starts fills the buffer and then stops The buffer size is specified by the POINtS command DATA command DATA TRACe DATA Send buffer readings Description When this command is sent and the Model 2000 is addressed to talk all the readings stored in the buffer are sent to the computer The format that readings are sent over the bus is controlled by the FORMat subsystem Trigger subsystem The Trigger subsystem is made up of a series of commands and sub systems to configure the Trigger Model These commands and sub systems are summarized in Table 5 10 INITiate commands IMMediate sINITiate IMMediate Take 2000 out of idle state Description This command takes the Model 2000 out of the idle state After all pro grammed operations are completed the instrument returns to the idle state if continuous initiation is disabled see next command CONTinuous lt b gt INITiate CONTinuous lt b gt Control continuous initiation Parameters lt b gt Oor OFF Disable continuous initiation 1 orON Enable continuous initiation Query CONTinuous Query continuous initiation Description When continuous initiation is selected ON the instrument is taken out of the idle state At the concl
218. trument model defined by the Standard Commands for Programmable Instruments SCPI Consor tium s SCPI standard Generally these commands are sent as one or more ASCII characters that tell the device to perform a particular operation such as setting a range or closing a relay The IEEE 488 bus treats these commands as data in that ATN is false when the commands are transmit ted Command codes for the various commands that use the data lines are summarized in Figure E 3 Hexadecimal and the decimal values for the various commands are listed in Ta ble E 2 Table E 2 Hexadecimal and decimal command codes Command Hex value Decimal value GTL 01 1 SDC 04 4 GET 08 8 LLO 11 17 DCL 14 20 SPE 18 24 SPD 19 25 LAG 20 3F 32 63 TAG 40 5F 64 95 SCG 60 7F 96 127 UNL 3F 63 UNT 5F 95 7916 1 u0q X OIG d LOIA C 910N 0007 9pow Aq pajuswajdw 30u 1O31NOO INVL LOL pue AYNDIANOONN TIOd 13T1V3lvd Add GYNDIANOD 110d TATIVaVd Odds Das 99d dNOUND dNOND ANYWWOD ANYWWOD ANVONOOIS ANVWINd Dv Dv DO DOV dQYOND dNOUD dNOUD dNOUD ssauadv ssaudav QNVWWOO QNVWWOO XYL NALS 1VSNJAINQ aassaxaadv Ta o INN GL O INN 2 GL sn IS GL Ly eyoude u 0 U tL N 0 tL Su OS vl 0O L uel w 6c l W 6c L S5 X L Be Eo a eke i l 9c ZL 9c gt ZL j S4 44 ZL 6 30 be ob L
219. u want Pressing REL enables that value to be the relative value See Section 2 for more information on the mX b function The display resolution of a Model 2000 reading depends on the DIGITS setting It has no effect on the remote reading format The number of displayed digits does not affect accuracy or speed Those parameters are controlled by the RATE setting Perform the following steps to set digits for a measurement function 1 Press the desired function Press the DIGITS key until the desired number of digits is displayed 31 to 675 NOTE Frequency and period can be displayed with four to seven digits Rate The RATE operation sets the integration time of the A D converter the period of time the input signal is measured also known as aperture The integration time affects the usable digits the amount of reading noise as well as the ultimate reading rate of the instrument The integration time is specified in parameters based on a number of power line cycles NPLC where 1 PLC for 60Hz is 16 67msec and 1 PLC for 50Hz and 400Hz is 20msec In general the fastest integration time FAST 0 1 PLC from the front panel 0 01 PLC from the bus results in increased reading noise and fewer usable digits while the slowest integration time 10 PLC provides the best common mode and normal mode rejection In between settings are a compromise between speed and noise The RATE parameters are explained as follows FAST sets integr
220. ue PRINT a Display the ASCII 1 OPT Option Identification Query Determine if an option is installed Description The response message indicates the presence or absence of an optional scanner card For example 0 No scanner card installed 200X SCAN Scanner card installed RCL Recall Return to setup stored in memory Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Description Use this command to return the Model 2000 to the configuration stored in memory The SAV command is used to store the setup configuration in memory location Only one setup configuration can be saved and recalled The Model 2000 ships from the factory with SYSTen PRESet defaults loaded into the available setup memory If a recall error occurs the setup memory defaults to the SYS Tem PRESet values RST RESET Return 2000 to RST defaults Description When the RST command is sent the Model 2000 performs the following operations 1 Returns the Model 2000 to the RST default conditions see SCPI tables 2 Cancels all pending commands 3 Cancels response to any previously received OPC and OPC commands SAV Save Save present setup in memory Parameters lt NRf gt 0 Description Use the SAVE command to save the current instrument setup configuration in memory for later recall Any control affected by RST can be saved by the SAV command The RCL command is used to restore the instrument to the saved setup configuration Only
221. um and minimum values in the buffer The AVERAGE value is the mean of the buffered readings The equation used to calculate the mean is 2 5 2izl1 where xj is a stored reading n is the number of stored readings The STD DEV value is the standard deviation of the buffered readings The equation used to calculate the standard deviation is x Y hzl i 1 n 1 where xj is a stored reading n is the number of stored readings NOTE The Model 2000 uses IEEE 754 floating point format for math calculations Limit operations Limit operations set and control the values that determine the HI IN LO status of sub sequent measurements Limits can be applied to all measurement functions except continu ity The limit test is performed after mX b and percent math operations Unit prefixes are applied before the limit test for example Low limit 1 0 High limit 1 0 A 150mV reading equals 0 15V IN Low limit 1 0 High limit 1 0 A 0 6kO reading equals 600Q HI You can configure the multimeter to beep or not when readings are inside or outside of the limit range Setting limit values Use the following steps to enter high and low limit values 1 Press the SHIFT LIMITS keys to view the present HI limit value HI 1 000000 This value represents the absolute value of that function Use the q gt and keys to enter the desired value Move the cursor to the rightmost position and use the and keys to mov
222. unction gt Performs an ABORt CONFigure lt function gt and a READ CONFigure lt function gt lt function gt CURRent AC AC current CURRent DC DC current VOLTage AC AC voltage VOLTage DC DC voltage RESistance 2 wire resistance FRESistance 4 wire resistance PERiod Period FREQuency Frequency TEMPerature Temperature DIODe Diode testing CONTinuity Continuity test Query CONFigure Query the selected function Description This command configures the instrument for subsequent measurements on the specified function Basically this command places the instrument in a one shot measurement mode You then use the READ command to trigger a measurement and acquire a reading see READ When this command is sent the Model 2000 will be configured as follows The function specified by this command is selected All controls related to the selected function are defaulted to the RST values Continuous initiation is disabled INITiate CONTinuous OFF The control source of the Trigger Model is set to Immediate The count values of the Trigger Model are set to one Program FETCh command FETCh Description The delay of the Trigger Model is set to zero The Model 2000 is placed in the idle state All math calculations are disabled Buffer operation is disabled A storage operation currently in process will be aborted Autozero is set to the RST default value Alloperat
223. units AC lt name gt Select ACV measurement units V DB or DBM V DB Path to set DB reference voltage REFerence n Specify reference in volts le 7 to 1000 1 REFerence Query DB reference DBM Path to set DBM reference impedance IMPedance lt n gt Specify reference impedance 1 to 9999 75 IMPedance Query DBM reference impedance AC Query ACV units DC lt name gt Select DCV measurement units V DB or DBM V DB Path to set DB reference voltage REFerence n Specify reference in volts 1e 7 to 1000 1 REFerence Query reference DBM Path to set DBM refernece impedance IMPedance n Specify reference impedance 1 to 9999 75 IMPedance Query reference impedance DC Query DCV units Calculate subsystem The commands in this subsystem are used to configure and control the Calculate subsystems and are summarized in Table 5 2 CALCulate 1 These commands are used to configure and control the MXB polynomial and percent math calculations Detailed information on math calculations is provided in Section 2 FORMat lt name gt CALCulate 1 FORMat lt name gt Specify CALC1 format Parameters lt function gt NONE No calculations MXB Polynomial math calculation PERCent Percent math calculation Query FORMat Query programmed math format Description This command is used to specify the format for the CALC1 math calcula tions With NONE selected no CALC1 calculation is performed
224. until previous commands are completed Description Two types of device commands exist Sequential commands A command whose operations are allowed to finish before the next command is executed e Overlapped commands A command that allows the execution of subsequent com mands while device operations of the Overlapped command are still in progress Use the WAI command to suspend the execution of subsequent commands until the de vice operations of all previous Overlapped commands are finished The WAI command is not needed for Sequential commands The Model 2000 has three overlapped commands INITiate INITiate CONTinuous ON e TRG Note See OPC OPC and TRG for more information The INITiate commands remove the Model 2000 from the idle state The device opera tions of INITiate are not considered complete until the Model 2000 returns to idle By send ing the WAI command after the INITiate command all subsequent commands will not execute until the Model 2000 goes back into idle The TRG command issues a bus trigger that could be used to provide the arm scan and measure events for the Trigger Model By sending the WAI command after the TRG com mand subsequent commands will not executed until the pointer for the Trigger Model has finished moving in response to TRG and has settled at its next state Program Fragment PRINT 41 output 02 syst pres Select defaults PRINT 1 output 02 init cont off abo
225. uracy and 0 008 90 day basic resistance accuracy At 61 2 digits the multimeter delivers 50 triggered readings sec over the IEEE 488 bus At 4 digits it can read up to 2000 readings sec into its internal buffer The Model 2000 has broad measure ment ranges DC voltage from 0 1uV to 1000V AC RMS voltage from 0 1uV to 750V 1000V peak DC current from 10nA to 3A AC RMS current from 1uA to 3A Two and four wire resistance from 100p to 120MQ Frequency from 3Hz to 500kHz Thermocouple temperature from 200 C to 1372 C Some additional capabilities of the Model 2000 include Full range of functions In addition to those listed above the Model 2000 functions include period dB dBm continuity diode testing mX b and percent Optional scanning For internal scanning options include the Model 2000 SCAN a 10 channel general purpose card and the Model 2001 TCSCAN a 9 channel thermocouple card with a built in cold junction For external scanning the Model 2000 is compatible with Keithley s Model 7001 and 7002 switch matrices and cards Programming languages and remote interfaces The Model 2000 offers three pro gramming language choices SCPI Keithley Models 196 199 and Fluke 8840A 8842A and two remote interface ports IEEE 488 GPIB and RS 232C Reading and setup storage Up to 1024 readings and two setups user and factory defaults can be stored and recalled Closed cover calibration The instrument c
226. urn status registers to default states 4 QUEue Path to access error queue 4 NEXT Read the most recent error message Note 4 J ENABle lt list gt Specify error and status messages for queue Note 5 4 ENABle Read the enabled messages DISable lt list gt Specify messages not to be placed in queue Note 5 DISable Read the disabled messages CLEar Clears all messages from Error Queue Notes 1 Commands in this subsystem are not affected by RST and SYSTem PRESet The effects of cycling power CLS and STATus PRESet are explained by the following notes 2 Event Registers Power up and CLS Clears all bits of the registers STATus PRESet No effect 3 Enable Registers Power up and STATus PRESet Clears all bits of the registers CLS No effect 4 Error Queue Power up and CLS Clears the Error Queue STATus PRESet No effect 5 Enable Disable Error Queue Messages Power up Clears list of messages CLS and STATus PRESet No effect Table 5 8 SYSTem command summary Default Command Description parameter SCPI SYSTem PRESet Return to SYST PRES defaults Y POSetup lt name gt Select power on setup RST PRESet or SAVO POSetup Query power on setup FRSWitch Query INPUTS switch O rear 1 front VERSion Query rev level of SCPI standard Y ERRor Query read Error Queue Note i AZERO Path to set up autozero STATe lt b gt Enable or disable
227. us to other de vices is provided by the T function Instrument talker capabilities T5 exist only after the in strument has been addressed to talk L Listener Function The ability for the instrument to receive device dependent data over the bus from other devices is provided by the L function Listener capabilities L4 of the instrument exist only after it has been addressed to listen SR Service Request Function SR1 defines the ability of the instrument to request ser vice from the controller RL Remote Local Function RL1 defines the ability of the instrument to be placed in the remote or local modes PP Parallel Poll Function The instrument does not have parallel polling capabilities PPO DC Device Clear Function DC1 defines the ability of the instrument to be cleared ini tialized DT Device Trigger Function DTI defines the ability of the Model 2002 to have read ings triggered C Controller Function The instrument does not have controller capabilities CO TE Extended Talker Function The instrument does not have extended talker capabil ities TEO LE Extended Listener Function The instrument does not have extended listener ca pabilities LEO E Bus Driver Type The instrument has open collector bus drivers E1 IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information F2 IEEE 488 and SCPI Conformance Information The IEEE 488 2 standard requires specific in
228. usion of all programmed operations the instru ment returns to the top of the trigger model NOTE With continuous initiation enabled ON you cannot use the READ command or set sample count greater than one see SAMPlIe COUNI ABORt command ABORt Abort operation Description When this action command is sent the Model 2000 aborts operation and returns to the top of the Trigger Model If continuous initiation is disabled the instrument goes to the idle state If continuous initiation is enabled operation continues at the top of the trigger model The abort command resets the scan pointer back to the first channel in the scan list TRIGger commands COUNLt n TTRIGger SEQuence 1 COUNt lt n gt Set measure count Parameters n 1 to 9999 Specify count INF Sets count to infinite DEFault Sets count to 1 MINimum Sets count to 1 Query Description MAXimum Sets count to 9999 COUNt Queries programmed count COUNt DEFault Queries RST default count COUNt MINimum Queries lowest allowable count COUNt MAXimum Queries largest allowable count This command is used to specify how many times operation loops around in the trigger operation For example if the count is set to 10 operation continues to loop around until 10 device actions are performed After the 10th action operation proceeds back up to the start of the trigger model Note that each loop places operation at the control source where it waits
229. ut signal For example if the in put signal is 40Hz then a bandwidth setting of 30 should be used These commands are used to select bandwidth for the ACI and ACV func tions To set the bandwidth simply specify approximately the frequency of the input signal The Model 2000 will automatically select the optimum bandwidth setting NOTE For bandwidth setting of 3 and 30 the normal A D reading con version method is not used Thus the NPLC setting is only valid for bandwidth setting of 300 THReshold commands Use these commands to set the maximum range input signal level for frequency and period measurements FRANGe lt n gt SENSe 1 PERiod THReshold VOLTage RANGe lt n gt Set voltage threshold range SENSe 1 FREQuency THReshold VOLTage RANGe n Set voltage threshold range Parameters n Oto 1010 Specify signal level in volts voltage threshold Query RANGe Query maximum signal level Description These commands are used to specify the expected input level The in strument will then automatically select the most sensitive current or volt age threshold range Thermocouple commands TYPE lt name gt SENSe 1 TEMPerature TCouple TYPE lt name gt Specify TC type Parameters lt name gt J Set operation for Type J thermocouples K Set operation for Type K thermocouples T Set operation for Type T thermocouples Query TYPE Query thermocouple type Description This command is used to configure th
230. uted if continuous initiation is disabled the instru ment goes into the idle state If continuous initiation is enabled the oper ation re starts at the beginning of the Trigger Model If the instrument is in the idle state INITiate takes the instrument out of the idle state If continuous initiation is enabled INITiate CONTinuous ON then the INITiate command generates an error and ignores the command See the FETCh command for more details Note that an Init ignored error will not cancel the execution of the FETCh command NOTE You cannot use the READ command if sample count gt 1 see Trigger Subsystem and there are readings stored in the buffer error 225 out of memory Either set sample count to one or clear the buffer See Appendix C for an example program using the READ command MEASure command MEASure function Description function CURRent AC AC current CURRent DC DC current VOLTage AC AC voltage VOLTage DC DC voltage RESistance 2 wire resistance FRESistance 4 wire resistance PERiod Period FREQuency Frequency TEMPerature Temperature DIODe Diode testing CONTinuity Continuity test This command combines all of the other signal oriented measurement commands to perform a one shot measurement and acquire the read ing When this command is sent the following commands execute in the order that they are presented ABORt CONFigure function READ When ABORt is execu
231. www keithley com Model 2000 Multimeter User s Manual 2000 900 01 Rev J August 2010 KEITHLEY Model 2000 Multimeter User s Manual 91994 2010 Keithley Instruments Inc All rights reserved Cleveland Ohio U S A Document Number 2000 900 01 Rev J August 2010 Table of Contents 1 General Information Feature overvi Wiros ieie e aeii i e n nenne tenens 1 2 Manual addenda oec etie eo repe cede acta 1 3 Safety symbols and terms cccccccceeeseceeeeeeeeeneeeeseneeeeseeeseneeeesneeeseaes 1 3 SpecifiCatiOris 3 c teret cerit e ER CHESTER ORIS 1 3 IMS POCUONS ee ce C 1 4 Options and accessories ccccceeeeceeeeceeeseeeseeeeeeesaeeessaeeessueeeesnseeteaes 1 5 2 Basic Measurements Introduction c rero mtem dee nente deo ie e ene ies 2 2 Front panel summary sssseseeneeen eene 2 3 Rear panel summary tri inaapi Esia ararat cones 2 6 oem AE 2 8 Display a aree eed ueteri tiny eee eie evt n eer deep 2 17 Measuring voltage 4 ciii rere eges cve exea nea knee ceca 2 18 Measu ring CUrrent einn utt entr eren eL e nene cmo noeh 2 22 Measuring resistance rro te Rene ep RR 2 24 Measuring frequency and period 2 26 Measuring temperature ssseeeeeeneem een 2 28 MY iit tei eb CAES ERE OG IER REIS 2 30 Measuring continuity seseseeeeeeneeenn enn 2 34 Testing diodes oro e ia iare E E E
232. xternal channels the switching mainframe controls the opening and closing of individual channels To synchronize Model 2000 measurements with external channel clo sures connect the Trigger Link lines of the multimeter and switching mainframe Refer to Trigger operations earlier in this section for details and an example on using external trig gering Front panel scanner controls In addition to the trigger keys discussed previously front panel keys that affect scanner card operation include and Allow you to manually step through consecutive internal card chan nels OPEN and CLOSE Let you selectively open and close internal card channels e SHIFT CONFIG Selects internal or external scanning scan list time between scans and reading count STEP Starts a stepping operation of consecutive channels where output triggers are sent after every channel closure e SCAN Starts a scanning operation of consecutive channels where an output trig ger is sent at the end of the scan list SHIFT HALT Stops stepping or scanning and restores the trigger model to a non scanning mode Using and keys The 4 and gt keys can be used to manually scan through channels on the internal scanner card With a scanner card installed in the option slot press the key to manually increment channels or the lt q key to manually decrement channels The annunciator of the closed channel is lit Hold down eit
233. ycles n Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range Y UPPer n Select range 0 to 12066 100e6 y UPPer Query range y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON Y AUTO Query auto range y REFerence lt n gt Specify reference 0 to 120e6 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF Y STATe Query state of reference Y ACQuire Use input signal as reference REFerence Query reference value y DIGits n Specify measurement resolution 4 to 7 7 DIGits Query resolution AVERage Path to configure and control filter TCONtrol lt name gt Select filter type MOVing or REPeat Note TCONtrol Query filter type COUNt lt n gt Specify filter count 1 to 100 10 COUNt Query filter count STATe lt b gt Enable or disable filter OFF STATe Query state of digital filter FRESistance Path to configure four wire resistance Y NPLOycles n Set integration rate line cycles 0 01 to 10 1 Y NPLCycles Query line cycle integration rate Y RANGe Path to configure measurement range y UPPer lt n gt Select range 0 to 101e6 100e6 y UPPer Query range y AUTO lt b gt Enable or disable auto range ON y AUTO Query auto range Y REFerence lt n gt Specify reference 0 to 101e6 0 Y STATe lt b gt Enable or disable reference OFF y STATe Query state of reference
234. ying buffer statistics Instrument is in step mode Instrument addressed to talk over GPIB Timed scans in use Indicates external trigger front panel bus trigger link selected Input connections INPUT Hl and LO Used for making DC volts AC volts 2 wire resistance measure ments AMPS Used in conjunction with INPUT LO to make DC current and AC current measurements Also holds current input fuse 3A 250V fast blow 5x20mm SENSE 04 WIRE Used with INPUT HI and LO to make 4 wire resistance mea sure HI and LO ments INPUTS Selects input connections on front or rear panel Handle Pull out and rotate to desired position Rear panel summary The rear panel of the Model 2000 is shown in Figure 2 2 This figure includes important abbreviated information that should be reviewed before operating the instrument Figure 2 2 p n Model 2000 rear ind WARNINGino INTERNAL OHERA PAFI S SERVICE BY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL ONLY 2 7 4 MADE IN USA IEE 488 V ORROM FRBNY PANEL O 1000 TRIGGER A Laas LINK Lo SENSE INPUT Cook i CAUTIOM ron coi EXTERNAL TRIGGER INPUT VOLT METER COMPLETE OUTPUT Trigger Reading Reading omplete Y TTL HI Y k TTL HI 72yusec e gt 10psec e TLO TILLO 2 7 Option slot An optional scanner card Model 2000 SCAN 2001 SCAN or 2001 TCSCAN in stalls in this slot Input connections

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