Home

U s e r`s G u i d e

1. 45 CHAPTER 4 OPERATION OF WEB BASED MANAGEMENT 47 4 1 WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW 48 4 2 CONFIGURATION 50 4 2 1 System Configuration 51 4 2 2 Ports Configuration 54 4 2 3 VLAN Mode Configuration 56 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration 59 4 2 5 PVID Configuration 62 4 2 6 Aggregation Configuration 64 4 2 7 Mirror Configuration 65 4 2 8 Quality of Service Configuration 66 4 2 9 Bandwidth Management 15 4 2 10 Trap Event Configuration 1 4 2 11 Max Packet Length 78 4 3 MONITORING 19 4 3 1 Statistics Overview
2. 19 4 3 2 Detailed Statistics 80 4 4 MAINTENANCE 83 4 4 1 Status 83 4 4 1 1 System Status 84 4 4 1 2 TP Fiber Ports Status 86 4 4 1 3 Aggregation 88 4 4 1 4 VLAN 89 4 4 1 5 Mirror 91 4 4 1 6 Trap Event 92 4 4 1 7 Maximum Packet Length 93 4 4 2 Warm Restart 94 4 4 3 Factory Default 95 4 4 4 Logout 96 CHAPTER 5 MAINTENANCE 97 5 1 RESOLVING A No LINK CONDITION 97 5 2 Q amp A 97 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100
3. Transmission Speed 10 100 1000 Mbps for TP 1000 Mbps for Fiber Full Forwarding Filtering Packet Rate Forwarding Rate Speed 1 488 000 pps 1000 Mbps 7 m 148 800 pps 100Mbps 14 880 pps pps packets per second 10 Mbps MAC Address and Self learning 8K MAC addresses 4K VLAN table entries Buffer Memory Embedded 400 KB frame buffer Flow Control IEEE 802 3x compliant for full duplex Backpressure flow control for half duplex Cable Type and Maximum Length Cat 5e or better UTP cable up to 100 m Up to 220 275 500 550 M which depends on Multimode Fiber type 1000BaseLX Single Mode Fiber up to10 30 50 km 1000BaseLX WDM BiDi Single Mode Single Fiber up to 20 km 1000BaseSX 99 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Diagnostic LEDs System LEDs Power CPU Per Port LEDs 10 100 1000 Mbps TP Ports 1 to 24 LINK ACT 10 100 1000 Mbps 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber Ports 23 amp 24 SFP LINK ACT Power Requirement Voltage 100 240 Volts AC Frequency 50 60 Hz Power Consumption 30 Watts Ambient Temperature 32 to 122 F 0 to 50 C Humidity 5 to 90 Dimensions 1 73 in H x 17 4 in W x 8 23 in D 44 x 442 x 209 mm Emissions Complies with FCC Part 15 Class A amp CE Mark Approval 100 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Management Software Specifications System Configuration VLAN Fun
4. Logical Link Control LLC The Data Link layer is composed of both of the sub layers of the MAC and the MAC client Here the MAC client may be a logical link control or bridge relay entity Logical link control supports the interface between the Ethernet MAC and the upper layers in the protocol stack usually the Network layer which has nothing to do with the nature of the LAN Therefore it can operate over other different LAN technologies such as Token Ring FDDI and so on Likewise for the interface to the MAC layer LLC defines the services with the interface independent of the medium access technology and with some of the nature of the medium itself 24 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch OSAP SSAP A address address Control information DSAF address Destination service access point address field SSAP address Source service access point address field Control Control field 16 bits for formats that include sequence numbering and amp bits for formats that do not see 5 2 Information Information field Multiplication Mi n integer value equal to or greater than 0 Upper bound of Mis a function of the medium access control methodolbgy used Table 3 1 LLC Format Table 3 1 is the format of the LLC PDU It is comprised of four fields DSAP SSAP Control and Information The DSAP address field identifies one or more service access points in which the I G bit indicates if it is an i
5. Disable v 1 im oO Disable 1 aintenance _ 6 1 F F F Disable ms 1 ji E F O Disable 1 Status E O CO O Disable Mi 1 E O o O bise 1 Warm Restart a e n Factory Default E Fi Fi O Disable 1 i O Fi O Disable 1 Logout Apply 63 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 6 Aggregation Configuration The Aggregation Port Trunking Configuration is used to configure the settings of Link Aggregation You can bundle more than one port with the same speed full duplex and the same MAC to be a single logical port thus the logical port aggregates the bandwidth of these ports This means you can apply your current Ethernet equipment to build the bandwidth aggregation For example if there are three Fast Ethernet ports aggregated in a logical port then this logical port has bandwidth three times as high as that of a single Fast Ethernet port Function name Aggregation Configuration Function description Displays the current setup of Aggregation Trunking With this function the user is allowed to add a new trunking group or modify the members of an existing trunking group Note Check the following to avoid errors in configuration When configuring the link aggregation function the user should check that the aggregated ports are in full duplex mode as well as whether their speed is the same or not The aggregated ports
6. SIGNA CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS Signamax Connectivity Systems Model 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Users Guide TM Signamax Connectivity Systems Model 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Users Guide Release 1 0 Release Date July 2005 Signamax Connectivity Systems 1810 N E 144 Street N Miami FL 33181 800 446 3277 www Signamax com Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Table of Contents CAUTION VI ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES VI CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 2 1 1 OVERVIEW OF THE 065 7941 WEBSMART SWITCH 2 1 2 CHECKLIST 3 1 3 FEATURES 3 1 4 VIEW OF THE 065 7941 WEBSMART SWITCH 5 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Button LEDs and Plugs 5 1 4 2 User Interfaces on the Rear Panel 6 1 5 VIEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES T CHAPTER 2 INSTALLATION 8 2 1 STARTING UP THE 065 7941 WEBS
7. Number of bad packets received 79 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Statistics Overview for all ports Configuration System Ports VLAN Mode VLAN Group Port BVID 1 461233 1409 278959 2153 o o Aggregation 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mirror Quality of Service 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bandwidth Management 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 Trap Event 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Max racket Lengin Max Packet Length 6 o 0 0 a 0 a Monitorin 4 a a a a p 5 g 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 Statistics Cxniview L 9 p a Detailed Statics 10 0 o 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maintenance 12 0 0 o 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 Status 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 Warm Restart 15 0 o o 0 0 0 Factory Default 16 o o 0 o o 0 Logout 17 o o o o 0 o 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 D 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 PDA n n n n n n s Fig 4 22 4 3 2 Detailed Statistics Function name Detailed Statistics Function description Displays the detailed count number of each port s traffic As shown in Fig 4 23 the window can show all counter information of each port at one time Parameter description Rx Packets The counted number of packets received RX Octets Total received bytes Rx High Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as high priority Rx Low Priority Packets Number of Rx packets classified as low priority Rx Broadcast The counted number of broadcast packets received Rx Multicast The counted number of mu
8. Wirror tually pisemce a T532 Eo 1532 amp andwidt anagement 1532 1532 amp Trap Event EE rents Max Packet Length 1532 amp 1532 M nano 1532 1532 Monitoring 1532 1532 Statistics Overview 1532 4 1532 Detailed Statistics Tee e Te 1532 1532 v Maintenance 1532 1532 4 Crate 1532 Be 1532 Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 21 78 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 3 Monitoring There are two functions contained in the monitoring section Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics 4 3 1 Statistics Overview The function of Statistics Overview collects any information and provides the counting summary about the traffic of the port no matter the packet is good or bad In the Fig 4 22 the window can show all ports counter information at the same time If the counting is overflow the counter will be reset and restart counting Function name Statistics Overview Function description Display the summary counting of each port s traffic including Tx Bytes Tx Frames Rx Bytes Rx Frames Tx Errors and Rx Errors Parameters description Tx Byte Total transmitted bytes Rx Byte Total received bytes Tx Packet The counted number of packets transmitted Rx Packet The counted number of packets received Tx Collision Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced Rx Error Packet
9. no change in software and management Increased bandwidth and availability Load sharing and redundancy Automatic configuration Rapid configuration and reconfiguration Deterministic behavior Low risk of duplication or incorrect ordering Support existing IEEE 802 3 MAC Clients Backwards compatibility with aggregation unaware devices oL NDNA There are also some constraints when applying LACP 1 LACP does not support inter switch bandwidth aggregation 2 The ports aggregated must operate in full duplex mode 3 The ports in the same Link Aggregation Group must have the same speed for example all with 100 Mbps or all 1000 Mbps You cannot aggregate a 1000 Mbps link and two 100 Mbps links to create a 1 2 Gbps trunk port 45 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Terminology Link Aggregation Link Aggregation is a method to have multiple physical links with the same media and speed bundled to be a logical link forming a Link Aggregation Group with a group ID From the viewpoint of the MAC client each Link Aggregation Group is an independent link There are three cases of links used in the network switch to switch switch to station and station to station In this circumstance a station may be a host or a router Link Aggregation sometimes called port trunking has two types of link configurations static port trunk and dynamic port trunk Static Port Trunk When physical links a
10. 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Revision History Release Date Revision a ee 8 17 2005 ee O Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Caution Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity which can damage their delicate electronics Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to acquire a static electrical charge To protect your device always e Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static electrical charge before you pick up the circuit device e Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only Electronic Emission Notices Federal Communications Commission FCC Statement This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial environment European Community CE Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements of European Emission Standard EN55022 EN60555 2 and the Generic European Immunity Standard EN50082 1 EMC EN55022 1988 CISPR 22 1985 class A EN60555 2 1995 class A EN60555 3 IEC 1000 4 2 1995 4K V CD 8KV AD IEC 1000 4 3 1995 3V m IEC 1000 4 4 1995 1KV power line 0 5
11. 24 Port number PVID Rule The valid PVID range is 1 4094 Before a number x is set as a PVID a Tag based VLAN with VID x must be created For example if port x receives an untagged packet the switch will apply the PVID assumed in this example as VID y of port x to tag this packet the packet then will be forwarded as the tagged packet with VID y 1 Forward only packets with VID matching this port s configured VID Rule 1 can be applied as a way to use a given port to filter unwanted traffic In Rule 1 a given port checks if the given port is a member of the VLAN on which the received packet belongs to to determine whether to forward it or not For example if port 1 receives a tagged packet with VID 100 VLAN name VLAN100 and if Rule 1 is enabled the switch will check if port 1 is a member of VLAN100 If yes the received packet is forwarded otherwise the received packet is dropped Rule 2 Drop untagged frame The user can configure a given port to accept all frames Tagged and Untagged or just receive tagged frames If the former is the case then both tagged and untagged packets will be processed If the latter is the case only the packets carrying a VLAN tag will be processed and the rest of the packets will be discarded Note If Rule 1 is enabled and port 1 for example receives an untagged packet the switch will apply the PVID of port 1 to tag this packet and the packet then will be forwarded But if t
12. 24 SFP LINK ACT e Management e Supports port status display and easy port configuration e Supports per port traffic monitoring counters e Supports a snapshot of the system Information when you login e Supports the port mirroring function e Supports the static trunk function Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch e Supports 802 1Q VLAN e Supports user management and limits login to one user e Maximum packet length can be up to 9216 bytes for jumbo frame applications e Supports Broadcasting Suppression to avoid network suspension or crash e Supports sending trap events while monitored events happen e Supports a default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current configuration on which the switch is working via the Web UI and the switch s Reset button e Supports on line plug unplug of SFP modules e Supports Quality of Service QoS for real time applications based on the information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 4 such as VoIP e Built in web based management instead of using CLI interface providing a more convenient Graphical User Interface for the user Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 1 4 View of the 065 7941 24 Port Gigabit WebSmart Switch Fig 1 1 Full View of the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 1 4 1 User Interfaces on the Front Panel Buttons LEDs and Plugs There are 24 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 2 SFP fiber
13. 4 4 1 3 Aggregation Function name Aggregation Status Function description Displays the current setup of Aggregation Trunking Parameter description Normal Displays the ports that are not a member of any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Displays the members of the Group Aggregation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 227 23 24 LERLE Fig 4 26 88 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 1 4 VLAN Function name VLAN Status Function description Display the status of the VLAN mode and VLAN group settings Parameter description VLAN Mode Displays Port based Tag based and metro mode depending on the setting established in the VLAN mode configuration function ID Displays the Group ID Description Displays the description defined by the administrator that is associated with a VLAN group VID Displays the VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in the Tag based mode Member Displays the member ports belonging to each VLAN Group VLAN Tag Based LAN ID _ Description 1 Default 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Fig 4 27 Tag based VLAN VLAN Port Based LAN ID Description Member 1 Default 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Fig 4 28 Port based VLAN 89 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch VLAN ee oho Metro Mo
14. Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed v Enable Down Auto Speed v Enable v Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable i Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable Monitoring eee een aes au bes Enable i Down Auto Speed Enable x Down Auto Speed v Enable Statistics Overview eri Down Auto Speed Enable Detailed Statistics B Down Auto Speed v Enable Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable Maintenance Down Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable SP EEEEELL LEE Down Auto Speed Enable Warm Restart Fiber Port Down Auto Speed Enable ae Mode _ Flow Control Down Auto Speed v Enable eerk Down Auto Speed v Enable Apply 54 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Fig 4 4 55 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 3 VLAN Mode Configuration The switch supports Port based VLAN and Tag based VLAN 802 1q It supports 24 active VLANs and VLAN IDs 1 4094 VLAN configuration is used to partition your LAN into small ones as your requirements demand By properly configuring it you can gain not only improved security and increased performance but you can also greatly reduce VLAN management time Function name
15. Configuration Quality of Service QoS Configuration Syst foie High VLAN Mode meee Group 2 3 Z E fi a aoosiion O VLAN Tag Priority onfigure Mirror IP ToS Classification Configure Quality of Ser e i pandadi mE emaii O IP TCP UDP Port Classification Configure rap Event Max Packet Length OIP Diffserv Classification Configure Monitoring Apply Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 13 Function name VLAN Tag Priority Function description In VLAN tagging there are 3 bits belonging to priority According to these 3 bits we could arrange 8 traffic classes 0 00 001 010 010 100 101 110 111 We can set High priority or Low priority for each traffic class For instance let us let VLAN tagged priority O O O be high priority and VLAN tagged priority 0 O 1 be Low Priority and then assign ports 1 2 3 to reside in VLAN 2 Packets are sent to ports 2 and 3 that have VLAN tagged Field assigned as 0 0 0 and VID equals 2 from the port 2 and the packets that have VLAN tagged Field appears 0 0 1 and VID equals 2 from the port 3 We let the two kinds of packets be transmitted to port 1 until the port results in congestion The result is that the packets will be dropped partially from port 3 because the packets that emanate from there are assigned Low Priority To use the VLAN Tag Priority function please press the lt Configure gt button at the right section
16. Flow Control Port Link Status Speed Flow Control Warm Restart Ba 100Full Auto Disabled EA Down Auto Disabled Factory Default Ea Down Auto Disabled ES Down Auto Disabled Logout Ral Down Auto Disabled Ew Down Auto Disabled ES Down Auto Disabled 8 Down Auto Disabled a ane EJ Down Auto Disabled ET Down Auto Disabled R Es 100Full Auto Disabled EFJ Down Auto Disabled EEJ Down Auto Disabled EEN Down Auto Disabled EEJ Down Auto Disabled 16 Down Auto Disabled Era Down Auto Disabled EEN Down Auto Disabled 19 Down Auto Disabled 20 Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled Down Auto Disabled x Fig 2 9 First IP Address as shown in Fig 2 9 enter 192 168 1 1 for example An IP address such as 192 168 1 x must be set on your PC to communicate with the switch Second Subnet Mask as shown in Fig 2 9 enter 255 255 255 0 Any subnet mask such as 255 255 255 x is allowable in this case 20 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 2 2 Typical Applications The 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch implements 24 Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX and two slots for the removable modules supporting comprehensive types of fiber optic connection including LC and BiDi LC SFP modules For more details on the specifications of the switch please refer to Appendix A The switch is suitable for the following applications Central Remote Site applications as used in carriers or
17. ISPs See Fig 2 10 Peer to peer applications as used in two remote offices See Fig 2 11 Office networks See Fig 2 12 Gigabit Enterprise L2 Managed Switc Fiber Optic e 24 Web 5mart Switch l ile mm or sm fiber i Fiber Optic ee DA Ona aE MER Dan iiy a a a EE a e E a M M M a l F panaan a A l i Copper Twistedporlms M m m M M Fiber Optic Links Fig 2 10 Network Connection between Remote Site and Central Site Fig 2 10 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram This diagram demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and hosts 21 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Fig 2 12 Office Network Connection 22 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 3 Basic Concept and Management This chapter will tell you the basic concept of features to manage this switch and how they work 3 1 What s Ethernet Ethernet originated and was implemented at Xerox in Palo Alto CA in 1973 and was successfully commercialized by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC Intel and Xerox DIX in 1980 In 1992 Grand Junction Networks unveiled a new high speed Ethernet with the same characteristic of the original Ethernet but operated at 100 Mbps now called Fast Ethernet This means Fast Ethernet inherits the same frame format CSMA CD software interface In 1998 Gigabit Ethernet was rolled out and pr
18. Switch through an Ethernet Port There are two ways to configure and monitor the switch through the switch s Ethernet port by using a Web browser and by using an SNMP manager The user interface for the SNMP manager is NMS dependent and is not covered here the Web based UI for the switch is a highly user friendly interface Fig 2 6 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Default IP Setting IP 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 DREHER REE he DERE MBREMEaER Ee Assign a reasonable IP address For example IP 192 168 1 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 1 254 Ethernet LAN P p E ee ee 1 4 e Managing the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch through an Ethernet Port Before the user communicates with the switch they must first finish the configuration of the IP address or know the current IP address of the switch Then the user must follow the procedures listed below 1 2 Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a qualified UTP Cat 5 cable with RJ 45 connector Note If PC directly connects to the switch you have to setup the same subnet mask between them However the subnet mask may be different for the PC in the remote site Please refer to Fig 2 6 regarding the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch default IP address information Run the web browse
19. VLAN Mode Setting Function description The VLAN Mode Selection function includes four modes Port based Tag based Metro Mode and Disable The user can choose one of them by pulling down the list and pressing the lt Downward gt arrow key Then click the lt Apply gt button and the settings will take effect immediately Parameter description VLAN Mode Disable Stops the VLAN function on the switch In this mode no VLAN is applied to the switch This is the default setting Port based Port based VLAN is defined by port Any packet coming in or outgoing from any one port of a port based VLAN will be accepted No filtering criterion applies in port based VLAN The only criterion is the physical port you connect to For example for a port based VLAN named PVLAN 1 the VLAN contains member ports 1 amp 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on port 1 you can communicate with ports 2 amp 3 amp 4 If you are on port 5 then you cannot communicate with them Each port based VLAN you built up must be assigned a group name This switch can support up to a maximum of 24 port based VLAN groups Tag based Tag based VLAN identifies its member by VID This is quite different from port based VLAN If there are any more rules in ingress filtering list or egress filtering list the packet will be screened with more filtering criteria to determine if it can be forwarded The switch supports a supplement of 802 1Q For more details please see
20. also press the lt Logout gt button to exit the system manually Configuration Logout System Ports aan hede rou pepi ereue Aggregation Mirror Quality of Service Bandwidth Management Trap Eve p Event Max Packet Length Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logit Fig 4 35 96 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 5 Maintenance 5 1 Resolving No Link Condition The possible causes for a no link LED status are as follows The attached device is not powered on The cable may not be the correct type or is faulty e The installed building premise cable is faulty The port may be faulty 5 2 Q amp A 1 Computer A can connect to Computer B but cannot connect to Computer C through the Managed Switch v The network interface of Computer C may have failed Please check the link activity status of Computer C on the LED indicator of Computer C s network interface as well as that of the switch Try another network device on this connection v The network configuration of Computer C may be incorrect Please verify the network configuration on Computer C 2 The uplink connection function fails to work v The connection ports on another must be connection ports Please check if connection ports are used on that Switch v Please check the uplink setup of the Switch to verify that the uplink functi
21. and VLAN ID 1 4094 Port Trunking Allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a Link Aggregation Group by the static setting Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 1 2 Checklist Before you start installing the switch verify that the package contains the following The 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Mounting Accessory for 19 Rack Shelf This User s Manual in CD ROM format AC Power Cord Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned items are missing or damaged 1 3 Features The 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch a standalone off the shelf switch provides the comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network administration and efficiently and securely serve your network e Hardware 22 10 100 1000 Mbps Auto negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports e 2 10 100 1000 Mbps TP or 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense e 400 KB on chip frame buffer e Jumbo frame support e Programmable ingress classifier for QoS Layer 4 Multimedia e 8K MAC address and 4K VLAN support IEEE 802 1Q e Per port shaping policing and Broadcast Storm Control e IEEE 802 1Q in Q nested VLAN support e Full duplex flow control IEEE 802 3x and half duplex backpressure e Extensive front panel diagnostic LEDs System Power TP Ports 1 24 LINK ACT 10 100 1000 Mbps SFP Port 23 amp
22. are in the same VLAN group Parameter description Normal Set up the ports that do not join any aggregation trunking group Group 1 8 Group the ports you choose together Up to 12 ports can be selected for each group Configuration Aggregation Trunking Configuration Phe Group Port 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Wl lt lt a io wn oe fa ga up Oo0000o0coo0qg 00000000 000 0000 z Sis E 3 ARRRRBREN S ity of Se width Managemen t vent ua an a mi Z o a ax Packet Length Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance S Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Apply Fig 4 11 64 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 7 Mirror Configuration Function name Mirror Configuration Function description Mirror Configuration is used to monitor the traffic of the network For example we assume that Port A and Port B are the Sniffer Monitoring Port and Source Monitored Port respectively thus the traffic received by Port B will be copied to Port A for monitoring Note When configuring the mirror function the user should avoid setting a port to be a sniffer port and an aggregated port at the same time It will cause data errors Parameter description Sniffer Mode Used for the activation or de activation of Port Mirror function the switch s port mirror
23. cause jumbo frames not to be forwarded Please avoid enabling the jumbo frame capability and bandwidth rate limiting functions at the same time Bandwidth Management Configuration Configuration Poti System Ports VLAN Mode Ingress Rate Limiting Policing VLAN Group Aggregation Disable a 0 Incoming traffic is discarded if rate is exceeded Mirror Pause frames are generated if flow control is enabled Quality of Service Bandwidth Mana ent Disable 0 Incoming traffic is discarded if rate is exceeded Trap Event Max Packet Length Pee Egress Rate Limiting Shaping Monitoring T Packet transmission is delayed if rate is exceeded Statistics Overview Disable 0 Traffic may be lost if egress buffers run full Detailed Statistics Maintenance Apply Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 19 Parameter description Port Number Choose the port on which you would like this function to operate Valid range of the port is 1 24 The user is also permitted to choose All in the selection list to simplify the procedure of configuring all ports at the same time All Traffic for Ingress Rate Limiting Establishes the limit of Ingress bandwidth for the port selected Incoming traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value established in the Data Rate field Pause frames are also generated if flow control is enabled The format of the packet limits to unicast broadcast a
24. from port 2 and the packets that have bit 5 7 of TOS Field appear as 0 0 1 from port 3 We let the two kinds of packets be transmitted to port 1 until the port results in congestion The result is that the packets will be dropped partially from port 3 because those packets are assigned Low Priority To use the TOS Priority function please press the lt Configure gt button at the right section to set it in advance Configuration Quality of Service QoS ToS Configuration System Ports Po sssi s CSC rOPSIPTOS Classes O O VLAN Mode VLAN Grou PVID Aggregation Pot 1 0 Quality of Service Bandwidth Management Trap Even Max Packet Length Kee a O OOO SS Bar Bias iS py Pay Bre w Ber BOSS Ber BAY BSES Be T tw P lt Monitoring High Statistics Overview High Detailed Statistics High Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 15 Parameter description Quality of Service QoS ToS Configuration Used for setting up the QoS assignments in Layer 3 Port The user can set up ports 1 24 respectively to let the TOS QoS function operate on them If it is desirable to set up all ports at a time the user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the configuration procedure 69 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Bit O Bit 1 Bit 2 According to the arrangement of Bit 5 Bit 7 in TOS Field of IP Header it c
25. function supports ingress traffic only Default is disable Sniffer Port Sets up the port for monitoring Valid port is Port 1 24 and default is Port 1 Source Port Sets up the port to be monitored Just tick the check box M1 under the port x valid ports are Port 1 24 Mirror Setting Configuration System Ports VLAN Mode VLAN Group sue lation Qui_ty of Service Bandwidth Management is 24 15 216 17 16 219 20 21 22 235 24 yan per Length ee ee ee ee ee Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 12 65 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 8 Quality of Service Configuration The switch offers powerful QoS functionality This function supports VLAN tagged priority that can assign precedence of up to 8 priorities IP TOS Classification IP TCP UDP Port Classification and IP DiffServ Classification In Quality of Service QoS Configuration there is one option named Default Class If the user had selected one of the four QoS functions then some packets that did not belong to this QoS setting would be viewed as Default Class For instance if you set the QoS function as VLAN Tag Priority mode and then choose Default Class as High then the priority of the packets with no tag will be considered as High priority precedence The initial value of the Default Class is High
26. network It therefore owns a network IP address which may look like 168 1 2 0 Using subnet masking a large network can be cut into smaller pieces of network If we want to have more than two independent networks in an Enterprise network a partition to the network must be performed In this case a subnet mask must be applied 19 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch For different network applications the subnet mask may look like 259 259 255 240 This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of 15 nodes in the network Default gateway For the routed packet if the destination is not in the routing table all the traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address known as the default router Basically it is a routing policy The gateway setting is used for Trap Events Host only in the switch To assign an IP address to the switch to the administrator must check what the IP address is of the network that will be connected with the switch Use the same network address and append your host address to it SIGNAMAX Configuration System Status pusten No 065 7941 VLAN Mode 1 09 gee v1 01 Sggregation 030801000005 Quality of Service NTT 192 168 2 2 Fandeidth Management 255 255 255 0 rap Event Max Packet Length etal 192 168 2 254 Monitoring Giga Switch Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance TP Port Status no Port Link Status Speed
27. set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively v 0 f 5 my m or M A fa M lt A M v peni g gt f3 M E lt bd A y er 3 Configuration Dim DiffServ Class fOTSere Chass bitsery Class JONS rv Class Ports uF High is High High High VLAN Group High High High High aion High High High High bad tE Management High High s High s High i Max Packet Length High High High High Monitoring High i High i High Hian 4 Hion m High High 7 High EET BE o E Hc EN H E Hin High High High High Maintenance High High High High High High High High Warm Restart High High v High High oT in High High High High High iy High Y High High High High High High Fig 4 18 74 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 9 Bandwidth Management Function name Bandwidth Management Function description Bandwidth Management function is used to set up the limit of Ingress and Egress bandwidth for each port Note Each port of the switch is assigned a 16 KB packet buffer The packet buffer size will be reduced when the bandwidth rate limitation is enabled This may
28. the size of the MAC address table being limited a MAC address aging function is applied When the MAC address has resided and has not been updated in the table for a long time this means that traffic using that entry has not arrived for a while If this time period is more than the aging time the entry will be marked invalid The vacancy is now available for other new MAC addresses Both learning and forwarding are the most important functions in a switch Besides that VLAN can be one of the rules to forward the packet There are ingress rules and egress rules applied The ingress rule is used to filter the incoming packet by VLAN ID and so on and to decide whether the packet is allowed to enter the switch or not The egress rule is used to forward the packet to the proper port 37 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch MAC address aging There is a field in the MAC address table used to establish the entry s Age time which determines how long a MAC entry can reside in a switch The age time is refreshed when a packet with that SA is received Usually the age time is programmable Transmission schedule In most layer 2 switches the QoS function is supported QoS in a switch must associate a transmission schedule to transmit the packet This function has much to do with the priority level a packet has With the given priority the scheduler will perform the proper action upon it The scheduler has many ways to b
29. 2324 VLAN Mode VLAN Group P ID Aggregation Mirror Quality of Service einh Management nt Trap Eve sumed Max Packet Length Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 6 Management Interface State Operates when the tag based mode is chosen When this function is enabled only the tagged packets with this VID can manage the switch VID Valid range 1 4094 58 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 4 VLAN Group Configuration Function name VLAN Group Configuration Function description This function shows the existing information of the VLAN Groups List and maintains them i e modify and delete one of them The user also can add a new VLAN group by inputting a new VLAN name and VLAN ID If you are in a port based VLAN it will just show the ID Description Member of the existing port based VLAN group If you are in tag based VLAN it will show the ID Description VID Member of the existing tag based VLAN group The switch cannot store the configuration of port based VLANs and tag based VLANs separately When you choose one of the VLAN modes the switch will bring you the responding VLAN configuration which keeps the default data The user can easily create and delete a VLAN group by pressing lt Add Group gt and lt Delete Group gt function buttons or clicking the Group
30. 4 collision domains in contrast to the traditional shared Ethernet hub in which all ports share the same media and use the same collision domain and thus limit the bandwidth utilization With the switch s separated collision domains it can extend the LAN diameter farther than a shared hub does and highly improve the efficiency of the traffic s transmission Due to this architecture the switch can provide full duplex operation to double the bandwidth per port and provide many other features such as VLAN bandwidth aggregation and so on that are not able to be supported in a shared hub Terminology Separate Access Domains As described in the section of Whats Ethernet Ethernet utilizes CSMA CD to arbitrate who can transmit data to the station s attached in the LAN When more than one station transmits data within the same slot time the signals will collide referred to as collision The arbitrator will arbitrate who should gain the media The arbitrator is a distributed mechanism in which all stations contend to gain the media Please refer to the What s Ethernet section for more details In Fig 3 5 assumed as half duplex you will see some ports of the switch are linked to a shared hub which connects many hosts and some ports just are individually linked to a single host The hosts attached to a shared hub will be in the same collision domain separated by the switch and use CSMA CD rule For the host directly attach
31. 66 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch In L4 QoS Configuration you can enter a special network transmission event to prioritize it appropriately for example we use Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news in the L4 QoS Configuration and click apply and then click Custom L4 We can find Special TCP UDP port 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have already existed and are defined for your use but it is possible for you to modify this pre defined TCP UDP port with other port numbers you prefer In Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration with a default setting specially defined TCP UDP port possesses a lower QoS traffic than Default class all other TCP UDP ports such as port 81 82 83 84 85 etc As an example when we transmit TCP packets with port number 80 from port 2 and port number 81 from port 3 to port 1 until congestion occurs the packets from port 3 will be dropped by port 1 because the TCP packets have port number 80 assigned as high priority and will have a higher precedence to be forwarded from port 1 Configuration VLAN Tag Priority System Ports VLAN Mode VLAN Grou be PRP ep oOo oo BrP Ooo Fr BF So 6 BO 6 Bo s 6 oO lt Monitoring High Statistics Overview High Detailed Statistics High Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 14 Parameter description Quality of Service QoS VLA
32. AN bridge will then look up the MAC address table and determine to which ports the packet should be forwarded Next it will check to see if the destination ports belong to the same VLAN with that PVID If the destination ports are members of the VLAN used by the ingress port the packet will be forwarded Note VID can not be 0 or 4095 42 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Ingress Rule Each packet received by a VLAN aware bridge will be classified to a VLAN The classification rule is described as follows 1 If the VID of the packet is null VID VID 0 or this packet is an untagged packet a If there are still some other ways e g protocol MAC address application IP subnet etc to classify the incoming packets beside port based classification implemented and these approaches can offer a non zero VID then use the value of VID offered by the other classifications for this VLAN s classification b If there is only port based classification implemented or other classification approaches cannot offer a non zero VID for the incoming packets then assign the PVID to the incoming packets as VID for the classification of the VLAN group 2 If the VID is not a null VID VID 0 then use the value to classify the VLAN group Egress Rule An egress list is used to make the tagging and forwarding decision on an outgoing port It specifies the VLANs whose packets can be transmitted out and specifies if t
33. AN s members cannot access members of another VLAN 3 The administrator has to assign different names for each of the VLAN groups in one switch Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Case 2b Port based VLAN See Fig 2 4 Fig 2 4 Port based VLAN Diagram VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2 VLAN3 and VLAN4 members 2 VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN4 members 3 VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1 VLAN2 and VLAN4 4 VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members but they could access VLAN2 members Case3a The same VLAN members can be at different switches with the same VID See Fig 2 5 Fig 2 5 Attribute based VLAN Diagram 13 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Through the use of a web browser the user is allowed to begin the switch management function The user can use any one of the ports to monitor and configure the switch You can manage and administer the switch through the following procedures Section 2 1 3 1 Configuring the Management Agent of the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch through an Ethernet Port Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 2 1 3 1 Configuring Management Agent of the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart
34. BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 3 3 Flow Control Flow control is a mechanism used to tell the source device to stop sending frames for a specified period of time designated by the target device until the PAUSE time expires This is accomplished by sending a PAUSE frame from the target device to the source device When the target is not busy and the PAUSE time is expired it will send another PAUSE frame with zero time to wait to the source device After the source device receives the PAUSE frame it will again transmit frames immediately PAUSE frame is identical to the form of the MAC frame with a pause time value and with a special destination MAC address 01 80 C2 00 00 01 Per the specification the PAUSE operation can not be used to inhibit the transmission of MAC control frames Normally in 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps Ethernet only symmetric flow control is supported However some switches e g the 065 7941 Gigabit WebSmart Switch support not only symmetric but asymmetric flow controls for special applications In Gigabit Ethernet both symmetric flow control and asymmetric flow control are supported Asymmetric flow control only allows transmitting a PAUSE frame in one way from one side and the other side is not allowed to transmit but can only receipt and discard the flow control information Symmetric flow control allows both two ports to transmit PAUSE frames to each other simultaneously Inter frame Gap time After the end of a transmission
35. Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Fiber Port Status Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Fig 4 25 Parameter description Port Displays the port number The number is 1 24 Both port 23 and 24 are optional modules Link Status Indicates if the link on the port is active or not If the link is connected to a properly working device the Link status will show the link Up otherwise it will show Down This is determined by the hardware devices on both ends of the connection No default value Speed Displays the speed and duplex mode of all ports There are three speeds 10 Mbps 100 Mbps and 1000 Mbps supported for TP media and the duplex modes supported are half duplex and full duplex If the media is 1 Gbps fiber the 1000 Mbps speed is the only one supported The status of speed duplex mode is determined by 1 the negotiation of both local port and link partner in Auto Speed mode or 2 user setting in Force mode The local port has to have its capability preset 86 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Flow Control Shows each port s flow control status There are two types of flow control in Ethernet Backpressure for half duplex operation and Pause flow control IEEE 802 3x for full duplex operation The switch supports both of these types of flow control Default Enabled 87 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch
36. ID directly to edit it Parameter description ID Group ID To edit a VLAN group the user must select the Group ID field Then the user enters Tag Base VLAN Group Setting or Port Base VLAN Group Setting page depending on the desired VLAN mode selection Description The description defined by the administrator associated with a VLAN group VID VLAN identifier Each tag based VLAN group has a unique VID It appears only in tag based mode Member Used to enable or disable a port s membership in the newly added VLAN Enable establishes the port as a member of the VLAN Just tick the check box M1 beside the port x to enable it 59 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Tag based VLAN Configuration Configuration Bi __ 1D _ Description VID Member E ata stem Ports J 1 Default I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 139 14515 16 17 16 19 20 21 22 23 24 iade r P ID Add Group Delete Group pagegatun irror Quality of Service Bandwidth Management Trap Event Max Packet Length Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 7 Add Group Creates a new port based VLAN or tag based VLAN depending on the VLAN mode the user selected in the VLAN mode function Add VLAN Group Configuration J Ports I VLAN 1 e o 1 1M 24 3M 40 50 60 70 SF Quality of Service moi FC L
37. IROA 0 Detailed Statistics l 25 6 350 6 Maintenance 3 326 0 125 Status Warm Restart Factory Default Rx CRC Aligment oo Tx Collisions Logout IRxUndersize 0 Tx Drops ssi 0 Rx Oversize OO O Tx FIFO Drops O O OO O o Rx Fragments O o Rx Jabber O O o Rx Drops O o Fig 4 23 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 Maintenance There are four functions contained in the maintenance section Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout 4 4 1 Status Eight functions including System Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror Trap Event and Maximum Packet Length are contained in this function folder for port monitoring and management Each of them will be described in detail in the following sections System Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror Trap Event Maximum Packet Length 3 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 1 1 System Status ob aula Status 24 Port 1071007 1000M Gigabit SW iwi 07 1 01 030401000019 192 168 1 1 255 239 2 932 0 192 168 1 254 oo 40 c e6 00 12 Function name System Status Function Description Displays the status information of this switch Parameter Description Product Name Displays the product name of this device Firmware Version Displays the firmware version of this switch Hardware Version Displa
38. KV signal line vi Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch About this user s manual In this user s manual it will not only tell you how to install and connect your network system but configure and monitor the 065 7941 Switch through the built in Ethernet ports step by step Many explanations in detail of hardware and software functions are shown as well as examples of the operation of the web based user interface Ul Overview of this user s manual Chapter 1 Introduction describes the features of the 065 7941 Gigabit WebSmart Switch Chapter 2 Installation Chapter 3 Operating Concept and Management Chapter 4 Operation of Web based Management Chapter 5 Maintenance Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 1 Introduction 1 1 Overview of the 065 7941 24 Port Gigabit WebSmart Switch The 065 7941 24 port Gigabit WebSmart Switch is a standard switch that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet and Standard Ethernet specifications The switch includes 22 10 100 1000 Mbps Twisted Pair TP ports and 2 Gigabit dual media TP SFP Small Form factor Pluggable fiber ports The switch can be managed through any Ethernet port using a Web based management user interface with web based management the network administrator can log on to the switch to monitor configure and control each port s activity In addition the switch implements QoS Q
39. LAN function At operating speeds above 100 Mbps the slotlime employed at slower speeds is inadequate to accommodate network topologies of the desired physical extent Carrier Extension provides a means by which the slotTime can be increased to a sufficient value for the desired topologies without increasing the minFrameSize parameter as this would have deleterious effects Nondata bits referred to as extension bits are appended to frames that are less than slotTime bits in length so that the resulting transmission is at least one slotTime in duration Carrier Extension can be performed only if the underlying physical layer is capable of sending and receiving symbols that are readily distinguished from data symbols as is the case in most physical layers that use a block encoding decoding scheme 34 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch The maximum length of the extension is equal to the quantity slotTime minFrameSize The MAC continues to monitor the medium for collisions while it is transmitting extension bits and it will treat any collision that occurs after the threshold slotTime as a late collision 3 4 How does a switch work The 065 7921 Gigabit WebSmart switch is a layer 2 Ethernet Switch equipped with 22 10 100 1000 Mbps Twisted Pair TP ports and 2 Gigabit dual media TP SFP Small Form factor Pluggable fiber ports Each port on it is an independent LAN segment and thus has 24 LAN segments and 2
40. MART SWITCH 8 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation 8 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements 9 2 1 2 1 Cabling Requirements for TP Ports 10 2 1 2 2 Cabling Requirements for 1000SX LX SFP Module 10 2 1 2 3 Switch Cascading in Network Topology 11 2 1 3 Configuring the Management Agent of the 065 7941 WebSmart SWItCN 14 2 1 3 1 Configuring the Management Agent of the 065 7941 WebSmart switch through the Ethernet Port 15 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment 16 2 2 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS 21 CHAPTER 3 BASIC CONCEPT AND MANAGEMENT 23 3 1 WHAT S ETHERNET 23 3 2 MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL MAC 26 3 3 FLOW CONTROL 32 3 4 HOW DOES A SWITCH WORK n 2222 noon nnnn enna nn nnn nnn 35 3 5 VIRTUAL LAN 39 3 6 LINK AGGREGATION
41. N Tag Configuration Used for setting up the QoS belonging to VLAN operation Port User can set up the port 1 24 respectively to let the VLAN Tag QoS function operate on them If it is desirable to set up all ports at a time the user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the configuration procedure 67 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Bit O Bit 1 Bit 2 According to the arrangement of VLAN tagged priority it can form 8 kinds of traffic classes including 000 001 010 010 100 101 1 1 0 and 11 1 Class 8 kinds of traffic as mentioned above the user can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively 68 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Function name IP TOS Classification Function description Another QoS function is the application of Layer 3 on the network framework This focuses on the TOS field of the IP header There are three bits in the TOS field Bits 2 4 of the TOS field are used According to these 3 bits 8 traffic classes can be arranged 000 001 010 010 100 101 110 11 1 As long as bits 5 7 of the TOS field of the IP header are changed we will create the 8 traffic packets intended Moreover High priority or Low priority can be set for each traffic class For instance if we let TOS 0 0 0 be high priority and TOS 0 0 1 be Low Priority we sent in the packets that have bit 5 7 of TOS Field appear as 0 0 O
42. OO i110 i20 130 140150160 Bandwidth Management icc aana 170180190 200 210 220 230 240 Max Packet Length f Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 8 60 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Delete Group Just tick the check box M beside the ID then press the lt Delete Group gt button to delete the group Configuration Aggregation Mirror Quality of Service Bandwidth Management Trap Eve nt Max Packet Length Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Tag based VLAN Configuration O 1 Default 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2 VLAN 1 2 Z3 Add Group Fig 4 9 61 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 5 PVID Configuration Function name PVID Configuration Function description In VLAN Port VID Setting the user can input the VID number to each port The range of valid VID numbers is from 1 to 4094 The user also can choose ingress filtering rules for each port There are two ingress filtering rules which can be applied to the switch Ingress Filtering Rule 1 is forward only packets with VID matching this port s configured VID Ingress Filtering Rule 2 is drop untagged frame Parameter description Port 1
43. Size MaxFrameSize MinFrameSize BurstLimit Not applicable Not applicable 65536 bits Table 3 4 Ethernet parameters for half duplex mode Preamble SFD DA SA Type Length Data PAD FCS Extension iI _ _ _ minFrameSize 1 slotTime 7 i FES Coverage 1 k ate collision threshold slotTime Duration of Carrier Event HT In full duplex operation mode both transmitting and receiving frames are processed simultaneously This doubles the total bandwidth Full duplex is much easier than half duplex because it does not involve media contention collision retransmission schedule or padding bits for short frames The rest of the functions follow the specification of IEEE 802 3 For example it must meet the requirement of minimum inter frame gap between successive frames and frame format the same as that in the half duplex mode of operation Because no collisions will happen in full duplex operation there is no mechanism to tell all the involved devices if frames are properly received What will the situation be if the receiving device is busy and a frame is coming at the same time Can it use backpressure to tell the source device to refrain from transmitting Because of these issues a flow control function is introduced in the full duplex mode of operation 31 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000
44. ag control Length Only two fields VLAN ID and Tag control information are different in comparison with the basic Ethernet frame The rest of the fields are the same The first two bytes are the VLAN type ID with the value of 0x8100 indicating the received frame is a tagged VLAN frame and the next two bytes are Tag Control Information TCI used to provide user priority and VLAN ID which are explained respectively in the following table User Priority 7 0 O is lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator 1 RIF field is present in the tag header 0 No RIF field is present VID VLAN Identifier 0x000 Null VID No VID is present and only user priority is present 0x001 Default VID OxFFF Reserved Table 3 5 Note RIF is used in Token Ring network to provide source routing and comprises two fields Routing Control and Route Descriptor When MAC parses the received frame and finds a reserved special value 0x8100 at the location of the Length Type field of the normal non VLAN frame it will interpret the received frame as a tagged VLAN frame If this happens in a switch the MAC will forward it according to its priority and egress rule to all the ports that are associated with that VID If it happens in a network interface card the MAC will deprive the frame of the tag header and process it in the same way as a basic normal frame For a VLAN enabled LAN all involved devices must be equipped with the optional V
45. al medium when a frame is ready for transmission This is referred to as sensing carrier also Listen If there is signal on the medium the MAC defers the traffic to avoid a transmission collision and waits for a random period of time called backoff time then sends the traffic again After the frame is assembled when transmitting the frame the preamble PRE bytes are inserted and sent first then the next Start of Frame Delimiter SFD DA SA and through the data field and FCS field in turn The following summarizes what a MAC does before transmitting a frame 1 MAC will assemble the frame First the preamble and Start of Frame delimiter will be put in the fields of PRE and SFD followed DA SA tag ID if tagged VLAN is applied either type or the value of the data length and payload data field and finally put the FCS data in order into the responded fields 2 Listen if there is any traffic running over the medium If yes wait 3 If the medium is quiet and no longer senses any carrier the MAC waits for a period of time i e inter frame gap time to have the MAC ready with enough time and then start transmitting the frame 4 During the transmission MAC keeps monitoring the status of the medium If no collision happens until the end of the frame it transmits successfully If there is a collision happened the MAC will send the patterned jamming bit to guarantee the collision event is propagated to all involved network d
46. alue as that of the other devices resident in the same network to which it is attached For more information please also see the Section 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment in this manual Default 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway Sets an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not meet the routing rules predefined in the device If a packet does not meet the criteria for another pre defined path it must be forwarded to a default router on a default path This means any packet with an undefined IP address in the routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally Default 192 168 1 254 52 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch system Name Sets a special user defined name for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character and null are acceptable Default Giga Switch Password Sets a password for this switch Up to 16 characters are allowed in this parameter Any alphanumeric character is acceptable Default admin Auto Logout Timer Sets the auto logout timer Valid values are 0 60 in units of minutes and a decimal point is not allowed The value 0 means the auto logout timer is disabled Default 0 53 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 2 Ports Configuration Function name Ports Configuration Function description Port Configuration is applied to change the setting of each port By us
47. an form 8 kinds of traffic classes including 000 001 010 01 0 1 00 101 110and1 11 Class 8 kinds of traffic as mentioned above the user can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively 70 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Function name IP TCP UDP Port Classification Function description In L4 QoS Configuration you can enter a special network transmission event to prioritize it appropriately for example we use Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news in the L4 QoS Configuration and click apply and then click Custom L4 We can find Special TCP UDP port 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have already existed and are defined for your use but it is possible for you to modify this pre defined TCP UDP port with other port numbers you prefer In Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news L4 QoS Configuration with a default setting specially defined TCP UDP port possesses a lower QoS traffic than Default class all other TCP UDP ports such as port 81 82 83 84 85 etc As an example when we transmit TCP packets with port number 80 from port 2 and port number 81 from port 3 to port 1 until congestion occurs the packets from port 3 will be dropped by port 1 because the TCP packets have port number 80 assigned as high priority and will have a higher precedence to be forwarded from port 1 Parameter description Disable IP TCP UDP Port Classificati
48. arther than half duplex because it is not limited by the maximum propagation delay time 512 bits time If fiber media is applied in the network the distance can be up to tens of kilometers Traffic Aggregation Traffic aggregation is used to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port and treat it as a single port in the LAN This highly increases the total available bandwidth to the targeted device This is a great feature for the port needing more bandwidth where the cost for a high bandwidth port is prohibitive 36 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Fig 3 6 ih amp amp Mm 7 A cf lt 2 a 2 mal T Co 10Mb s OE E ee fae 2 au How does a switch operate A Layer 2 switch uses some features of the Data Link layer in the OSI model to forward the packet to the destination port s Here we introduce some important features of a switch and how they work MAC address table When a packet is received on a port of switch the switch first checks if the packet is good or bad and extracts the source MAC address SA and destination MAC address DA to find 1 if SA is existing in the MAC address table if no the switch puts it in the MAC address table if yes 2 looks up DA and its associated port to which the traffic is forwarded If the DA does not exist the switch will have the packet broadcasted Due to
49. bility problem This is the reason why the 802 3ad Link Aggregation Control Protocol _LACP standard was developed Why 802 3ad LACP Networks are constantly evolving and changing For example if a port malfunctioned or was accidentally unplugged in a static trunk port the administrator has to reconfigure it or the network will not operate properly Therefore offering a tool with automatic recovery capability is necessary for an administrator LACP is a protocol that allows a switch to be able to know whether its partner has the capability to co setup a trunk between them Usually if the administrator wishes to increase the bandwidth of a specific link he or she may 1 Buy new network equipment with higher throughput or 2 Aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to a logical link If item 1 is the case the solution s cost may exceed the budget and the solution may not be scalable due to hardware limitations If item 2 is the case costs are controlled and the existing equipment can flexibly accommodate to the new bandwidth demands associated with changes in the business What s more the interoperability issue is no longer a concern By applying LACP in their network a business reaps the benefits shown below of improving the performance of their network and saving funds that can be used to develop future products 1 Public standardized specification 2 No interoperability issue 3 No change to IEEE 802 3 frame format
50. connected to a network aware device such as a workstation or a server gt Repeat the above steps as needed for each RJ 45 port to be connected to a Gigabit 10 100 1000 TP device The switch is now ready to operate e Power On The switch supports power sourced from a 100 240 V AC 50 60 Hz power supply The power supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power It does not matter whether any connection is plugged into the switch or not when power on even the SFP modules as well After the power is on all LED indicators will light up immediately and then all will turn off except the power LED which remains on This represents a reset of the system e Firmware Loading After resetting the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory It will take about 30 seconds after that the switch will flash all the LEDs once and automatically performs a self test and is then in a ready state 2 1 2 Cabling Requirements To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance as high as possible please observe the cabling requirements Cables with a lower specification will cause the LAN not to perform as specified Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 2 1 2 1 Cabling Requirements for TP Ports For Fast Ethernet TP network connection The grade of the cable must be Cat 5 or better with a maximum length of 100 meters Gigabit Ethernet TP network connectio
51. ction Trunk Function Bandwidth Control Quality of Service QoS Network Management Auto negotiation support on 10 100 1000 Base TX ports Web browser or console interface can set transmission speed 10 100 1000 Mbps and operation mode Full Half duplex on each port enable disable any port set VLAN group set Trunk Connection Port Base 802 1Q Tagged allowed up to 256 active VLANs in one switch Ports trunk connections allowed Supports by port Egress Ingress rate control Referred as Class of Service CoS by the IEEE 802 1P standard Two queues per port Web browser support based on HTTP Server Note Any specification is subject to change without notice 101
52. de ID Description Member 1 Default1 1 23 24 Default 23 24 3 Default3 ieee 4 Default4 4 23 24 5 Default 5 23 24 6 Default 6 23 24 7 Default 7 23 24 g Defaults 23 24 g Default9 9 23 24 10 Defaultio 10 23 24 11 Defaultili 11 23 24 12 Defaulti2 12 23 24 13 Defaulti3 13 23 24 14 Defaulti4d 14 23 24 15 Defaulti5 15 23 24 16 Defaulti6 16 23 24 17 Defaulti 17 23 24 18 Default18 18 23 24 19 Defaulti9 19 23 24 20 Default20 20 23 24 21 Default 1 21 23 24 22 Default22 22 23 24 Fig 4 29 Metro mode VLAN 90 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 1 5 Mirror Function name Mirror Status Function description Mirror Status is used to display the results of the mirror configuration setting Parameter description Sniffer Mode Displays the activation or de activation status of the Port Mirror function Default is Disable Sniffer Port Displays the port used for monitoring Valid port range is Port 1 24 default is Port 1 Source Port Display the port for being monitored Valid port range is Port 1 24 Mirror Disable Sniffer Port 1 Source Port Fig 4 30 91 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 1 6 Trap Event Function name Trap Event Status Function description The Trap Events status function is used to display the switch s trap information sent out when pre defined trap events occur Parameter description The name
53. e implemented and different chips may support different scheduling algorithms The most common schedulers are FCFS First Come First Service Strictly Priority All High before Low Weighted Round Robin Set a weight figure to the packet with a given priority level say 5 7 and next set another weight to the packet with a different priority level say 2 4 and so on The WRR scheduler will transmit the packet taking the weight into account Therefore packets of each priority level can be allocated a fixed bandwidth Bandwidth rating Bandwidth rating is the limitation set by administrator and it can be applied to those with SLA Bandwidth rating can be total bandwidth or types of service of a port with many steps The switch supports by port Ingress and Egress total bandwidth rate control capacity The bandwidth rate resolution is 0 1 Mbps 100 Kbps and ranges from 0 to 100 Mbps 38 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 3 5 Virtual LAN What is a VLAN It is a subset of a LAN Before we discuss VLAN we must understand what a LAN Local Area Network is In general a LAN is composed of different physical network segments bridged by switches or bridges which attach to end stations in the same broadcast domain The traffic can reach any station on the same LAN Beyond this domain the traffic cannot be sent without the help of a router This also implies that a LAN is limited If you need to communicate w
54. eT TX WebSmart Switch 1 5 View of the Optional Modules In this switch both Ports 23 amp 24 include two types of media TP and SFP Fiber LC BiDi LC This port supports either 10 100 1000 Mbps TP or 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber with an auto detection function The 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high speed connection expansion nine optional SFP types provided for the switch are listed below 1000 Mbps LC MM SFP Fiber transceiver 1000 Mbps LC SM 10 Km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000 Mbps LC SM 30 Km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000 Mbps LC SM 50 Km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000 Mbps BiDi LC type 1 SM 20 Km SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 1000 Mbps BiDi LC type 2 SM 20 Km SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 1000 Mbps LC SM 10 Km SFP Fiber transceiver with DDM Fig 1 4 Front View of 1000Base SX LX LC SFP Fiber Transceiver Fig 1 5 Front View of 1000Base LX BiDi LC SFP Fiber Transceiver Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 2 Installation 2 1 Starting Up the 065 7941 24 Port Gigabit WebSmart Switch This section will give users a quick start for Hardware and Cable Installation Management Station Installation Software booting and configuration 2 1 1 Hardware and Cable Installation Before beginning the installation please do the following Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge gt Be sure that the power switch is OFF bef
55. ed in the table below IP Address 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 DAER EELAYEYA 192 168 1 254 Table 4 1 After the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch has configured the user can browse it by using the IP address the user has assigned to it For instance type http 192 168 1 1 in the address row in a browser and it will show the following screen see Fig 4 1 and request the user to input their password in order to login and access authentication The default password is admin When accessing the switch for the first time please enter the default password then click the lt Apply gt button The login process is now completed This switch supports a simple user management function allowing only one administrator to configure the system at the same time To optimize the display Signamax recommends that you use Microsoft IE 6 0 above Netscape V7 1 above or FireFox V1 00 above and have the resolution set to 1024x768 The switch supports a neutral web browser interface The switch s whole function tree that is capable of being administered using the web user interface is shown below and will be discussed in detail in this chapter 47 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Giga Switch SIGNAMAX CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS Please enter password to login Password Apply Fig 4 1 4 1 Web Management Home Overview After the user logs in the switch displays the
56. ed to the switch because no other host s joins the traffic contention hence it will not be affected by CSMA CD These LAN segments are separated in different access domains by the switch Micro segmentation To have a port of the switch connected to a single host is referred to as micro segmentation It has the following interesting characteristics There is no need for the access contention e g Collision They have their own access domain But collision still could happen between the host and the switch port When performing in the full duplex mode the collision vanishes The host owns a dedicated bandwidth of the port The switch port can run at different speed such as 10 Mbps 100 Mbps or 1000 Mbps A shared hub cannot offer this capability 35 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Collision domain 2 Collision domain 1 Fig 3 5 Collision Domain ai al a a a Collision Collision Collision domain3 domain4 domain 5 Extended Distance Limitations The diameter of a half duplex LAN segment is determined by its maximum propagation delay time For example in 10 MLAN the maximum distance of a LAN segment using yellow Thicknet cable is 2500 meters and 185 meters when using coaxial Thinnet cable The switch with its collision domain per port can extend the distance as a bridge does Furthermore when operating in full duplex mode the distance can reach f
57. evices then wait for a random period of time i e backoff time When backoff time expires the MAC goes back to the beginning state and attempts to transmit again After a collision happens MAC increases the transmission attempts If the count of the transmission attempt reaches 16 times the frame in the MAC s queue will be discarded 29 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch An Ethernet MAC transmits frames in half duplex and full duplex modes In the half duplex operation mode the MAC can either transmit or receive a frame ata given moment but cannot do both jobs at the same time As the transmission of a MAC frame with the half duplex operation exists only in the same collision domain the carrier signal needs to spend time to travel to reach the targeted device For two most distant devices in the same collision domain when one sends the frame first and the second sends the frame in the worst case just before the frame from the first device arrives The collision happens and will be detected by the second device immediately Because of the medium delay this corrupted signal needs to spend some time to propagate back to the first device The maximum time to detect a collision is approximately twice the signal propagation time between the two most distant devices This maximum time is traded off by the collision recovery time and the diameter of the LAN In the original 802 3 specification Ethernet operate
58. ferent logical networks which have their own broadcast domain The traffic in one VLAN will not disturb others of these logical networks The users 1x x denotes a d are members of VLAN 1 Any traffic within VLAN 1 does not flow to VLAN 2 or any others This helps the administrator to configure the network easily according to the criteria needed for example financial accounting R amp D and whatever else might be necessary You can also easily move a user to a different location or have a new user somewhere in the building join the VLAN Without VLAN it is very hard to do Fundamentally the use of VLAN offers at least 3 benefits easier movement and change of the users reduced broadcast traffic that improves performance within a broadcast domain and improved security In addition VLANs can highly reduce the traffic congestion between LANs and increase overall network performance because there are no longer too many users in the same broadcast domain 40 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch There are many types of VLAN that can be applied to a LAN The most popular types are port based VLAN tag based VLAN and protocol based VLAN Port based VLAN Some physical ports are configured as members of a VLAN All stations attached on these ports can communicate with each other Tag based VLAN Tag based VLAN identifies the membership by VLAN ID no matter where the packet comes from It is also referred to a
59. fter upgrading software the switch must be rebooted to have the new configuration take effect The function discussed here provides a software reset for the reboot in the main menu Function name Warm Restart Function description Reboots the switch Reboot has the same effect as the RESET button on the front panel of the switch After pressing the lt Yes gt button to confirm the warm restart function it will take approximately thirty 30 seconds to complete the system boot Giga Switch WVVEIIIVYUIALUYVII System Are you sure to perform a Warm Restart orts VLAN Mode Eins Group Quality of Service Fancah Management r ap Event Max Packet Length Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm tart Factory b fault Logout Fig 4 33 94 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 3 Factory Default Function name Factory Default Function description The Factory Default Configuration function can retrieve the switch s default setting to replace the working configuration Except for the IP address setting all configurations will be restored to the factory default value when the user runs the Factory Default function in the web UI If the user prefers to restore all configurations including the IP address setting to the factory default press the RESET button on the front panel Note the RESET button must be
60. g valid IP addresses are used for multicast and broadcast The bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is denoted as IP address X for example 192 168 1 0 24 Each class has its address range described below Class A Valid addresses are those less than 126 255 255 255 There are a total of 126 networks that can be defined because address 0 0 0 0 is reserved for the default route and 127 0 0 0 8 is reserved for the loopback function Bit 01 78 31 Network address Host address Class B Valid IP addresses range between 128 0 0 0 and 191 255 255 255 Each class B network has a 16 bit network prefix followed by a 16 bit host address There are 16 384 2414 16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 2416 2 hosts per network Bit 012 15 16 31 pop Network address Host address Class C Valid IP addresses range between 192 0 0 0 and 223 255 255 255 Each class C network has a 24 bit network prefix followed by an 8 bit host address There are 2 097 152 2421 24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 2 8 2 hosts per network Bit 012 3 23 24 31 Network address Host address 17 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Class D and E Class D is a class with the first 4 MSB Most Significant Bits set to 1 1 1 0 and is used for IP Multicast See also RFC 1112 Class E is a class with the first 4 MSB set to 1 1 1 1 and is used for IP broadca
61. goes back to the state of attempting to transmit the frame The backoff time is determined by the formula below When the times of collision are increased the backoff time gets longer until the number of collisions exceed 16 If this happens the frame will be discarded and the backoff time will also be reset Osr lt a3k where k min n 10 32 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Frame Reception In essence the frame reception is the same in both half duplex and full duplex operations except that full duplex operation uses two buffers to transmit and receive the frames independently The receiving node always listens if there is traffic running over the medium when it is not receiving a frame When a frame destined for the target device comes the receiver of the target device begins receiving the bit stream and looks for the PRE Preamble pattern and Start of Frame Delimiter SFD that indicates the next bit is the starting point of the MAC frame until all bit of the frame is received For a received frame the MAC will check 1 If it is less than one slotTime in length i e short packet and if yes it will be discarded by the MAC because by definition the valid frame must be longer than the slotTime If the length of the frame is less than one slotTime it means there may be a collision that has happened somewhere or an interface malfunctioned in the LAN When detecting this the MAC drops t
62. he PVID of port 1 is not 100 the packet will be dropped Tag This is an egress rule of the port Valid rules are either untag or tag Tag means the outgoing packets must carry a VLAN tag header select this rule by ticking the check box M1 Untag means the outgoing packets carry no VLAN tag header 62 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Untag State If the user has checked this function for a Tag out port the packets from this port may be tag out But the packet would be untag out if the VID of its tag is the same as the value of Untag VID while the Untag VID state is Enable Untag VID Valid range is 0 4094 PVID Configuration Configuration Ports sea waa l jl Fi Disable 1 a Disable mm 1 rou a 4 2 oO Disable 1 4 Disable 1 ation S 7 S IoT Mirror 1 Fi F Fi Disable v 1 1 O O O Disable 1 Quality of Service lt 3 Lab Management 1 Fi Fi Fl Disable j 1 1 F Fi O Disable 1 rap Event a s z n Max Packet Length 1 Fi F Fl Disable j 1 1 F F Disable 1 Monitoring b O O O Disable m 1 i OO OE disable my Een 1 O Ei O Disable 1 14 1 O Ei O Disable 1 Betaied Statistics e I o o sabe i a E J oOo o osem e i 1 F Fj Fi
63. he QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function take effect Then enter Custom L4 to set up a Special TCP UDP port for QoS Advanced Mode Displays the TCP UDP port number in L4 QoS In Disable IP TCP UDP Port Classification mode the user can randomly choose a TCP UDP port number that L4 QoS will affect As to other special L4 QoS events a Special TCP UDP port number will be taking action The user could also be allowed to add or modify the port number at random For instance if we choose Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news as the QoS of L4 and enter the Advanced Mode then we can see that some special port number 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 have been configured already The user also has the right to modify these port numbers The display is shown in Fig 3 18 Special TCP UDP class There are two modes for selection Low and High Default class all other TCP UDP ports There are two modes for selection Low and High Port The user can set up the port 1 24 respectively to let Special TDP UDP class functions operate on them If it is desirable to set up all ports at a time the user is also allowed to choose All in the selection list to simplify the configuration procedure Special UDP TCP Port Selection The following are port numbers defined by six specific networks in L4 Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and new
64. he packet and goes back to the ready state 2 If the DA of the received frame exactly matches the physical address that the receiving MAC owns or the multicast address designated to recognize If not the MAC discards it and the MAC passes the frame to its client and goes back to the ready state 3 If the frame is too long If yes throws it away and reports frame TooLong 4 If the FCS of the received frame is valid If not for 10 M and 100 M Ethernet the MAC discards the frame For Gigabit Ethernet or higher speed Ethernet the MAC has to check one more field i e extra bit field if the FCS is invalid The MAC also checks if there are any extra bits existing which must meet the specification of IEEE 802 3 When both FCS and extra bits are valid the received frame will be accepted otherwise the MAC discards the received frame and reports frameCheckError if no extra bits were appended or alignmentError if extra bits were appended 5 If the length type is valid If not the MAC discards the packet and reports lengthError 6 If all five procedures above are OK then the MAC treats the frame as good and de assembles the frame 33 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch What if a VLAN tagging is applied VLAN tagging is a 4 byte long data string immediately following the MAC source address When tagged VLAN is applied the Ethernet frame structure will have a little change shown as follows VLAN T
65. he packet should be tagged or not It can be configured for the port s VLAN membership and tagged or untagged for a transmitted packet When a packet is transmitted out the VLAN bridge checks the port s egress list If the VLAN of the packet is on the egress list of the port on which the packet is transmitted out the packet will be transmitted with the priority accordingly If enabled an egress port will transmit out a tagged packet if the port is connected to an 802 1Q compliant device If an egress port is connected to a non 802 1Q device or an end station the VLAN bridge must transmit out an untagged packet i e the tag has been stripped off in an egress port Egress rule can be set on a per port basis Independent VLAN Learning IVL It specifies the mode used to learn MAC addresses For a specified VLAN it will use an independent filtering database FID to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN and decide where to go Shared VLAN Learning SVL It specifies the mode used to learn MAC addresses In this mode some VLANs or all VLANs use the same filtering database storing the membership information of the VLAN to learn or look up the membership information of the VLAN In the 065 7941 switch you can choose a VID for sharing the filtering database in the Shared VID field if you wish to use the existing filtering database For a specified VLAN when a MAC address is learned by a switch the VLAN will use this info
66. if a network node is ready to transmit data out and if there is no carrier signal on the medium at that time the device will wait for a period of time known as an inter frame gap time to have the medium clear and stabilized as well as to have the jobs ready such as adjusting buffer counter updating counter and so on in the receiver site Once the inter frame gap time expires after the de assertion of carrier sense the MAC transmits data In IEEE 802 3 specification this is 96 bit times or more Collision Collision happens only in half duplex operation When two or more network nodes transmit frames at approximately the same time a collision always occurs and interferes with each other This results the carrier signal becoming distorted and un discriminated MAC devices can detect through the physical layer the distortion of the carrier signal When a collision is detected during a frame transmission the transmission will not stop immediately but instead continues transmitting until the rest of the bits specified by the jamSize parameter are completely transmitted This guarantees the duration of the collision is long enough to have all involved devices able to detect the collision This is referred to as Jamming After the jamming pattern is sent the MAC stops transmitting the rest of the data queued in the buffer and waits for a random period of time known as backoff time with the following formula When backoff time expires the device
67. ility to completely manage the switch from any web browser Supports Port based VLAN and Protocol based IEEE 802 1Q VLAN Auto aging with programmable inter age time Supports 802 1p Prioritization of Service a k a Class of Service with 2 level priority queuing Supports port trunking with flexible load distribution and failover function Supports port sniffer functionality via the Port Mirroring feature Programmable maximum Ethernet frame length ranging from 1518 to 9216 bytes jumbo frame Efficient self learning and address recognition mechanism enables wire speed forwarding rates 98 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Hardware Specifications Standard Compliance IEEE 802 3 10BaseT IEEE 802 3u 100BaseTX IEEE 802 3ab 1000BaseT IEEE 802 3z 1000BaseSX LX IEEE 802 1p Priority Quality of Service QoS IEEE 802 1Q Tagged VLAN IEEE 802 3x Flow Control Network Interface Configuration Mode Connector Port 10 100 1000 Mbps Gigabit TP NWay TP RJ 45 1 24 1000Base SX Gigabit Fiber 1000 FDX SFP _ 23 24 Optional 1000Base LX Gigabit Fiber 1000 FDX SFP _ 23 24 Optional 1000Base LX Single Fiber WDM BiDi 1000 FDx _ sFP _ 23 24 Optional Port 23 24 are TP SFP fiber dual media ports with auto detection function Optional SFP module supports LC or BiDi LC transceiver Transmission Mode 10 100 Mbps supports full or half duplex 1000 Mbps supports full duplex only
68. in this function folder for system and network management Each of them will be described in detail in the following sections Configuration System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration PVID Configuration Aggregation Configuration Mirror Configuration QoS Configuration Bandwidth Management Trap Event Configuration Max Packet Length 50 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 1 System Configuration System configuration is one of the most important configurations in the switch Without the proper setting the network administrator referred to here as the user will not be able to manage or view the device The switch supports manual IP address setting When the IP address is changed the user must reboot the switch to have the setting take effect and be able to use the new IP to browse for web management Configuration System Configuration eis ESET 00 40 c7 e6 00 12 LAN Mode v1 07 hpt ES v1 01 i 030401000019 Quality of Serice 192 168 1 1 Bandwidth Management 2 Trap Event 255 255 255 0 Max Packet Length Sa E nE n E 192 168 1 254_ Monitoring Giga Switch Statistics Overview Wobibiisi Detailed Statistics o Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 3 Function name System Configuration Function description Sets the IP address subnet mask default gateway system name
69. ing this configuration capability you can set reset the Mode and Flow Control parameters These functions are described in detail below Parameter description Mode Sets the speed and duplex mode of the port If the media is 1 Gbps fiber the speed is always 1000 Mbps and the only duplex mode permitted is full If the media is TP the Speed Duplex is comprised of the combination of speed mode 10 100 1000 Mbps and duplex mode either full duplex or half duplex The following table summarizes the functions the media supports Media type NWay Speed Duplex 1000 MTP ON OFF ___ 10 100 1000 M Full for all Half for 10 100 1000 M Fiber ON OFF 1000 M In Auto negotiation mode there is no default value In Forced mode default value depends on your settings Flow Control There are two modes to choose from in flow control either Enable or Disable If flow control is set to Enable both parties can send a PAUSE frame to the transmitting device s if the receiving port is too busy to handle When it is set Disable there will be no flow control in the port It drops the packet if the traffic is too much to handle Configuration Flow Control Port Link Mode _ Flow Control System gt Eat 100Full Auto Speed Enable Down Auto Speed Enable YON Mode VLAN Group P ID Aggregation Mirror Quality of Service Bandwidth Management Trap Evi p Event Max Packet Length Down
70. ith the station outside the LAN a router is needed which always lies on the edge of the LAN For a layer 2 VLAN it assumes it is a logical subset of a physical LAN separated by specific rules such as tag port MAC address and so on In other words they can communicate with each other between separated small physical LANs within a LAN but can not be between any two separated logical LANs 3 m _ had vA E NS Ethernet Switch Pi E mi AA i e ee a ly ssssesssesss V BACKBONE Esse ess esas 4 TA de Ether i Ethernet Switch Oy zi ja gt Printer Workstation Fig 3 7 In the figure above all stations are within the same broadcast domain For these stations it is obvious that the traffic is getting more congested as more stations are added to it With the more and more users joining the LAN the performance of the network will rapidly deteriorate due to increased broadcast traffic In the worst case the network may go down completely 39 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Router sssri Lt E i Ethernet Switch 4 s BACKBONE S88 hse etsy A Ethernet Switch a a L ade witch 3a M m aa aw to DEF CE ee a miS ED oEE aE aS an Fig 3 8 In this diagram VLAN technology is applied to configure the system as shown as the figure above We can partition the users into the dif
71. lticast packets received Tx Packets The counted number of packets transmitted 80 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch TX Octets Total transmitted bytes TX High Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as high priority Tx Low Priority Packets Number of Tx packets classified as low priority Tx Broadcast The counted number of broadcast packets transmitted Tx Multicast The counted number of multicast packets transmitted Rx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets received Rx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte frames in good and bad packets received Tx 64 Bytes Number of 64 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 65 127 Bytes Number of 65 126 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 128 255 Bytes Number of 127 255 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted TX 256 511 Bytes Number of 256 511 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 512 1023 Bytes Number of 512 1023 byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted Tx 1024 Bytes Number of 1024 max_length byte fra
72. m 0 Apply Fig 4 16 Advanced Mode Configuration Quality of Service QoS Layer 4 Configuration System Ports Disable IP TCP UDP Port Classification e Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news Aa e aiia O Prioritize IP Telephony VoIP irror Preece Quality of Service Prioritize iSCSI Bandwidth Management Prioritize web browsing e mail FTP transfers and news Trap Event Max Packet Length Prioritize Streaming Audio Video we Prioritize Databases Oracle IBM DB2 SQL Microsoft Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 17 Simple Mode Simple Mode Press lt Simple gt button is to return to the screen that all L4 port number will disappear See Fig 4 17 73 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Function name IP DiffServ Classification Function description Using the IP DiffServ Classification function the switch can form a total of 64 O 63 kinds of Traffic Class based on the arrangement of the 6 bit field in DSCP of the IP packet In the switch user is allowed to set up these 64 kinds of Class that belong to High or Low Priority Parameter description IP Differentiated Services DiffServ Configuration Used for setting up the IP Differentiated Services Configuration QoS DiffServ Display 64 0 63 DiffServ Priority items Class 64 kinds of traffic as described above the user can
73. mes in good and bad packets transmitted 81 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Rx CRC Alignment Number of Alignment errors and CRC error packets received Rx Undersize Number of short frames lt 64 Bytes with valid CRC Rx Oversize Number of long frames according to max_length register with valid CRC Rx Fragments Number of short frames lt 64 bytes with invalid CRC Rx Jabber Number of long frames according to max_length register with invalid CRC Rx Drops Frames dropped due to the lack of receive buffer space Rx Errors Number of errored packets received Tx Collisions Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced Tx Drops Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision late collision or frame aging Tx FIFO Drops Number of frames dropped due to the lack of transmit buffer space Giga Switch Statistics for Port 1 Configuration Pofl Port2 Port3 Port4 Port5 Port6 Port7 Ports Syst Porr9 Port 10 Port 11 Port 12 Port 13 Port 14 Port 15 Port 16 Sem Port 17 Port 18 Port 19 Port 20 Port21 Port 22 Port 23 Port 24 rou PWD 2311 1524 Aggregation a 297474 527928 Mirror Quality of Service Rx High Priority Packets 2314 pai ante ae 0 paula Management 0 1524 rap Event Max Packet Length s RX Multicast OOOO EJTX Multicast o Monitoring E Transmit Size Counters 1535 1061 Statistics Overview RX 65 127 Bytes 308 E
74. n The grade of the cable must be Cat 5e or better with a maximum length of 100 meters Cat 6 is recommended 2 1 2 2 Cabling Requirements for 1000SX LX SFP Module Fiber optic media is more complex and comprehensive compared to TP cabling There are two categories of fiber multimode MM and singlemode SM The various Gigabit singlemode fiber specification types are categorized into several classes by the distances they support These categories are 1000BaseSX 1000BaseLX 1000BaseLH 1000BaseXD and 1000BaseZX From the viewpoint of connector type the main types used in SFP modules are LC and BIDI LC Gigabit Fiber with multi mode LC SFP module Gigabit Fiber with single mode LC SFP module Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1310 nm SFP module Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1550 nm SFP module The following table lists the types of fiber that Signamax supports those not listed here are available upon request Multi mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth Multi mode 62 5 125um Multi mode 50 125um Modal Distance Modal Distance Bandwidth Bandwidth 460 MHz Km 400 MHz Km 500 m 200 MHz Km 500 MHz Km 550 m Single mode Fiber 9 125 um Single mode transceiver 1310 nm 10 Km Single mode transceiver 1550 nm 30 50 Km Single Mode TX Transmit 1310 nm 20 Km RX Receive 1550 nm Single Fiber BIDI SC Single Mode TX Transmit 1550 nm 20 Km RX Receive 1310 nm Table2 1 10 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSma
75. n These trap functions are as they describe The traps the switch supports are listed below Boot Warm Boot Cold Boot Login Illegal Login Link Link Up Link Down Tx Rx error Rx error threshold Tx error threshold Trap Events Configuration Configuration System O Tar 0 0 0 0 Ports 0 0 0 0 VLAN Mode ange Grou O Warm Boot auiii C Cold Boot Quality of Service Logi Illegal Login Counter Sandeid Management Ao a 0 Trap Evit Max A eet Length C Link Up LinkUpCounter 9 C Link Down o Monitoring C Rx error threshold o Statistics Overview C Tx error threshold jo Detailed Statistics i z 10 packets in 5 seconds Maintenance Apply Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 20 T7 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 11 Max Packet Length Function name Max Packet Length Function description The switch is capable of dealing with 9k Jumbo Frames which suits the transmission for a large amount of data in the network environment Parameter description Jumbo Frame bytes Set up the maximum length of the packet that each port of the switch can accept Maximum length can be up to 1532 bytes or 9216 bytes The default is 1532 bytes x D a 5 am 5 _ ms ry A x rr m M m Q rr y Configuration System Rart Ons 1532 X 1532 M VLAN Mode i518 aa VLAN Grou Ea 4 Osn Aggregation Meme s RR iss2
76. nd multicast Valid range is 0 1000 75 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Broadcast amp Multicast for Ingress Rate Limiting Establishes the limit of Ingress bandwidth for the port selected Incoming traffic will be discarded if the rate exceeds the value established in the Data Rate field The format of the packet limits this capability only to broadcast and multicast packets Valid range is 0 1000 All Traffic for Egress Rate Limiting Establishes the limit of Egress bandwidth for the port selected Packet transmission will be delayed if the rate exceeds the value established in the Data Rate field Traffic may be lost if egress buffers are filled The format of the packet limits to unicast broadcast and multicast Valid range is 0 1000 76 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 10 Trap Event Configuration Function name Trap Event Configuration Function description The Trap Events Configuration function is used to enable the Advanced Smart Ethernet Switch to send out the trap information while pre defined trap events occurred Switch management offers 7 different trap events and 2 host to users The message will be sent while users tick WJ the trap event individually on the web page shown as below Except Warm Boot and Cold Boot other trap events offer the counter function to help the user see the times that the trap event had happened Parameter descriptio
77. ndividual or group address If all bits of the DSAP are 1s it is a global address The SSAP address field identifies the specific services indicated by the C R bit command or response The DSAP and SSAP pair with some reserved values to indicate some well known services listed in the table below 0x0606 IP ARP Table 3 2 LLC type 1 connectionless service LLC type 2 connection oriented service and LLC type 3 acknowledge connectionless service are three types of LLC frames used for all classes of service In Fig 3 2 the format of the Service Access Point SAP is shown Please refer to IEEE 802 2 for more details 25 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch ISAF SSAP z address field address field LSB of addrass 5 Least sig nificant bit Least significant bit of address fields delivered to received from the MAC sublayer VG 0 Individual DSAP l G 1 Group DSAP Fig 3 2 SAP Format G R 0 Command G R 1 Response XODDDODDO OSAP address MOSSSSSS SSA4P address MIDDDDODD Reserved for ISO definition MISSSS85 Reserved for ISO definition 3 2 Media Access Control MAC MAC Addressing Because a LAN is composed of many nodes for the data exchanged among these nodes each node must have its own unique address to identify who should send the data or should receive the data In the OSI model each layer provides its own means to identify the unique address in some form for example an IP addres
78. on Belongs to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function take effect Then enter Custom L4 to disable IP TCP UDP port Classification for QoS Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news Belongs to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function take effect Then enter Custom L4 to set up a Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize IP Telephony VoIP Belongs to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function take effect Then enter Custom L4 to set up a Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize iSCSI Belongs to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function take effect Then enter Custom L4 to set up a Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize web browsing e mail FTP transfers and news Belongs to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function take effect Then enter Custom L4 to set up a Special TCP UDP port for QoS Prioritize Streaming Audio Video Belongs to the QoS in L4 Just tick the option button and press lt Apply gt button to have this function take effect Then enter Custom L4 to set up a Special TCP UDP port for QoS 71 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Prioritize Databases Oracle IBM DB2 SQL Microsoft Belongs to t
79. on is enabled 3 The console interface cannot appear on the console port connection v The 065 7941 WebSmart Switch has no console port so you cannot use a local console interface to connect with this Switch 4 How is the 065 7941 Gigabit WebSmart Switch configured v The user can use the IE browser program in Microsoft Windows equipped computers or another web browser program to control the WebSmart functions in the 065 7941 Gigabit WebSmart Switch First connect to any port of the 065 7941 Switch Then using the web browser type the default IP address 192 168 1 1 to connect to the 065 7941 with an Ethernet network connection The login screen will appear at once 97 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Appendix A Technical Specifications Features 22 10 100 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet TP switching ports are compliant with IEEE 802 3 802 3u 802 3Z and 802 3ab 2 Gigabit TP SFP fiber ports are dual media ports with an auto detection function Non blocking store and forward shared memory Web Smart switched Supports auto negotiation for configuring speed and duplex mode Supports 802 3x flow control for full duplex ports Supports collision based and carrier based backpressure for half duplex ports Any of the ports can be in disable mode force mode or auto polling mode Supports Head of Line HOL blocking prevention Supports broadcast storm filtering Web based management provides the ab
80. ore you insert the power cord to the power source e Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the 065 7941 Gigabit WebSmart Switch Note If you have no modules please skip this section Fig 2 1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Transceiver e Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis The optional SFP modules are hot swappable so you can plug or unplug it before or after powering on 1 Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis 2 Slide the module along the slot Also be sure that the module is properly seated against the slot socket connector 3 Install the media cable for network connection 4 Repeat the above steps as needed for each module to be installed into the slot s 5 Turn the power ON after the above procedures are done if the switch was not powered on Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch TP Port and Cable Installation In this switch each TP port supports MDI MDI X auto crossover so both types of cable straight through Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 1 2 3 6 in 10 100 M TP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 in Gigabit TP and crossover Cable pin outs for RJ 45 jack 1 2 3 6 to 3 6 1 2 can be used Either type can be used successfully and can be mixed on different switch ports Use Cat 5e or better grade RJ 45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the other end of the cable is then
81. ovided 1000 Mbps Now 10G s Ethernet is in the approval process Although these Ethernet architectures have different speeds they still use the same basic functions Therefore they are compatible in software and can connect to each other almost without limitation The transmission media may be the only concern Application Presentation Session Lpper layer protocols Transport Network a MAC client IEEE 802 specific Data link Media Access MAC IEEE 802 3 specific Physical Physical PH Media spacific Fig 3 1 IEEE 802 3 reference model vs OSI reference mode In Fig 3 1 we can see that Ethernet is located at the Data Link layer and Physical layer and is comprised of three portions including logical link control LLC media access control MAC and the physical layer The first two portions comprise the Data link layer which performs the functions of splitting data into frames for transmitting receiving acknowledgement frames error checking and re transmitting when not received correctly as well as providing an error free channel upward to the network layer 23 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Coaxial STP UTP Fiber The diagram above shows the Ethernet architecture LLC sub layer and MAC sub layer which are responded to the Data Link layer and transceivers which are correspond to the Physical layer in the OSI model In this section we are mainly describing the MAC sub layer
82. password and auto logout timer for the switch Parameter description MAC Address The Ethernet MAC address of the management agent in this switch Firmware Version The firmware version of this switch Hardware Version The hardware version of this switch Serial Number The serial number as assigned by Signamax 51 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch IP Address The user can configure the IP settings and fill in new values When completed click the lt Apply gt button to update Default 192 168 1 1 Subnet Mask Subnet mask is made for the purpose of getting more network addresses because any IP device in a network must own its IP address composed of a Network address and a Host address otherwise it can t communicate with other devices Unfortunately the network classes A B and C are all too large to fit for almost all networks hence a subnet mask is introduced to solve this problem A Subnet mask uses some bits from the host address and makes an IP address look like a Network address Subnet mask number and host address This is shown in the following figure This reduces the total number of IP addresses a network able to support by the amount of the 2nd power of the bit number of subnet number 24 bit number of subnet number 32 bits i Network iD Hostim Network 1D Subnet number Subnet mask is used to set the subnet mask value which should be the same v
83. ports for optional removable modules on the front panel of the switch The LED display area located on the left side of the panel contains a Power LED which indicates the power status and the working status of the 24 ports on the switch TP Port Status Indication LEDs Gigabit Ethernet Port SFP Fiber Port SIGNA AAAA ARAA 0008 l Te ee z UFETEENETEL ia a ee ae al Power Indication LED Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs RESET Button RESET button is used to restore the system default setting Fig 1 2 Front View of the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch e LED Indicators LED O70 oli Function System LED 10 100 1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 24 LED Lit when connection with the remote device is good LINK ACT Green Blinks when any traffic is present Off when cable connection is not good Creen Lit green when 1000 Mbps speed is active 10 100 1000 Mbps Aber Lit amber when 100 Mbps speed is active Off when 10 Mbps speed is active 1000SX LX Gigabit Fiber Port 23 24 LED Lit when connection with the remote device is good SFP LINK ACT Green Blinks when any traffic is present Off when module connection is not good Table1 1 1 4 2 User Interfaces on the Rear Panel AC Line 100 240V 50 60 Hz Fig 1 3 Rear View of the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000Bas
84. pressed for longer than 3 seconds to restore the factory default setting Configuration Restore Default Configuration t ons rou PID Aggregation Mirror Quality of Service s Bandwidth m Note You will lose current setting after restoring to the default configuration Trap Event Max Packet Length Click Yes Button to Continue Yes Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Fig 4 34 95 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 4 Logout The user can manually logout of the switch management software by performing the Logout function The switch also provides an automatic logout capability which is user configured Function name Logout Function description The switch allows the user to log out of the system to prevent other users from using the system without permission If the user does not logout and exits the browser the switch will automatically log the user out Besides this manual logout and implicit logout the user can set up the Auto Logout Timer parameter in the system configuration function to explicitly turn this logout function ON or OFF Parameter description Auto Manual Logout Default is ON If it is ON and no action is taken and no keystroke has occurred as well in any function screen for more than the number of minutes programmed in the Auto Logout Timer the switch will log the user out automatically The user can
85. provide the long haul connection e Typical Network Topology in Deployment A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switching may reduce the timing delay between server and client station Using this approach the number of switches in any one path is minimized this will reduce the possibility of network loops and will improve network efficiency If more than two switches are connected in the same network select one switch as the Level 1 switch and connect all other switches to it at Level 2 Servers and or Hosts are recommended to be connected to the Level 1 switch These general recommendations should be followed if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied 11 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Case1 All switch ports are in the same local area network Every port can access each other See Fig 2 2 Fig 2 2 No VLAN Configuration Diagram If VLAN is enabled and configured each node in the network that can communicate with each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area Here the VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using The switch supports both port based VLAN and tag based VLAN They are different in practical deployment especially in physical location The following diagram shows how it works and what the differences are Case2a Port based VLAN See Fig 2 3 Fig 2 3 Port based VLAN Diagram 1 The same VLAN members cannot be in different switches 2 Each VL
86. r and follow the menu Please refer to Chapter 4 15 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Giga Switch SIGNAMAX CONNECTIVITY SYSTEMS Please enter password to login Password Apply Fig 2 7 the Login Screen for Web UI 2 1 4 IP Address Assignment For IP address configuration there are three parameters that need to be filled in They are the IP address Subnet Mask and the Default Gateway IP address The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking communication Its address structure looks as shown in Fig 2 8 It is classful because it is split into predefined address classes or categories Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and host identifier in the 32 bit address Each IP address is comprised of two parts the network identifier address and the host identifier address The former indicates the network where the addressed host resides and the latter indicates the individual host in the network which the address of the host refers to The host identifier must also be unique in the same LAN The version of the IP address used in this switch is version 4 known as Pv4 32 bits l Network identifier Host identifier Fig 2 8 IP address structure 16 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Classful addressing divides IP address into three classes class A class B and class C The remainin
87. re changed the administrator needs to manually configure the switches one by one Dynamic Port Trunk When physical links are changed LACP takes over and automatically reconfigures the links The administrator does not have to do anything and may see the trap message of LACP changed in the NMS E db2x 1000Mb s l 4x100Mb s _ M iT BER 2x 1000Mb s 2x 1000Mb s eRe eae 4 2x 100Mb s 2x 100Mb s 4 x 100Mb s t Sem esasesseas mensona 2 x 100Mb s p qb2 x 100Mb s 2 x 100Mb s lt 1 gt 2 x 100Mb s OM an lee A NH a _ f Ti aa im f Ba ow lee P 10Mb s 10Mb s 1mb 10Mb s m y y l l ll l l all Ml Ml M ae ee a ee ee ee ee ee a Fig 3 10 Example of Link Aggregation Application 46 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 Operation of Web based Management This chapter instructs you how to configure and manage the 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch through the web user interface it supports in order to access and manage the 22 10 100 1000 Mbps TP ports and the 2 Gigabit TP SFP dual media ports supporting either fiber or TP media in the switch With this facility you can easily access and monitor through any one port of the switch all the statuses of the switch including activity on each port multicast traffic and so on The default values of 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch are list
88. received For example Ox0800 IP datagram 0x0806 ARP 0x0835 RARP 0x8137 IPX datagram Ox86DD IPv6 Data Less than or equal to 1500 bytes and greater or equal to 46 bytes If data is less than 46 bytes the MAC will automatically extend the padding bits and have the payload be equal to 46 bytes The length of data field must equal the value of the Length field when the Length Type acts as Length Frame check sequence FCS This field contains a 32 bit cyclic redundancy check CRC value and is a check sum computed with DA SA through the end of the data field with the following polynomial 13 5 44 gt F 7 5 o Cx xE x8 ae x a lE lea xg lO aE a aat aA lt is created by the sending MAC and recalculated by the receiving MAC to check if the packet is damaged or not 28 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch How does a MAC work The MAC sub layer has two primary jobs to do 1 Receiving and transmitting data When receiving data it parses frames to detect errors when transmitting data it performs frame assembly 2 Performing Media access control It prepares the initiation jobs for a frame transmission and facilitates recovery from transmission failure Frame transmission As Ethernet adopted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect CSMA CD as its operating protocol it detects if there is any carrier signal from another network device running over the physic
89. rmation to make the forwarding decision Filtering Database Referred to as FID It can provide the information regarding where the packet will be sent The filtering database will supply the outgoing port according to the request from a forwarding process with VID and DA When a packet is received if it has a non zero VID then the FID will offer the associated outgoing ports information to the packet In SVL VLANs use the same Filtering Database In IVL VLANs use different FIDs Any VID can be assigned to the same FID by the administrator 43 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch How does a Tagged VLAN work If ingress filtering is enabled and when a packet is received the VLAN bridge will first check if the VID of the packet is presented 1 If the packet has a non zero VID the VLAN bridge will apply this VID as the VLAN ID of the packet in the network 2 For a packet with a null tag or no VLAN tag if the VLAN bridge provides rules to decide its VID then it will apply this VID to the packet If the VLAN bridge does not support any rule for VID then apply the PVID of the port to the packet which came from that port The VLAN bridge checks to see if the ingress port and the received packet are on the same VLAN If not it drops thee packet If yes it forwards the packet to the associated ports Meanwhile this VLAN must be applied to the egress port or the packet will be dropped If ingress fil
90. rn of ones and zeros ending with two consecutive 1 bits It immediately follows the preamble and uses the last two consecutive 1 bits to indicate that the next bit is the start of the data packet and the left most bit in the left most byte of the destination address The SFD pattern is 10101011 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Destination address DA The DA field is used to identify which network device s should receive the packet It is a unique address Please see the section concerning MAC addressing Source addresses SA The SA field indicates the source node The SA is always an individual address and the left most bit in the SA field is always 0 Length Type This field indicates either the number of the data bytes contained in the data field of the frame or the Ethernet type of data If the value of first two bytes is less than or equal to 1500 in decimal the number of bytes in the data field is equal to the Length Type value i e this field acts as Length indicator at this moment When this field acts as Length the frame has optional fields for 802 3 802 2 SNAP encapsulation 802 3 802 2 encapsulation and Netware 802 3 RAW encapsulation Each of them has different fields following the Length field lf the Length Type value is greater than 1500 it means the Length Type acts as Type Different type value means the frames with different protocols running over Ethernet being sent or
91. rt Switch 2 1 2 3 Switch Cascading in Network Topology e Takes the Delay Time into Account Theoretically the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch cascading that you may uplink the switches unlimitedly In practice the network extension cascading levels amp overall diameter must follow the constraints of the IEEE 802 3 802 3u 802 3z and other 802 1 series protocol specifications in which the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802 3 series specification of Media Access Control MAC and PHY and timer from some OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802 1d 802 1q LACP and so on The fiber TP cables and devices bit time delay round trip are as follows 1000Base X TP Fiber 100Base TX TP 100Base FX Fiber Round trip Delay 4096 Round trip Delay 512 Cat 5 TP Wire 11 12 m Cat 5 TP Wire 1 12 m_ Fiber Cable Fiber Cable 10 10 m TP to fiber Converter 56 Bit Time unit 1ns 1sec 1000 Mega bit Bit Time unit 0 01us 1 sec 100 Mega bit Table 2 2 The sum of all elements bit time delay and the overall bit time delay of the wires devices must be within the Round Trip Delay bit times in a half duplex network segment collision domain For full duplex operation this limitation is not applicable You may use the SFP module or full duplex media converters connected to the TP ports of the switch to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic cabling and
92. rt Switch e Page Layout Information On the top side it shows the front panel of the switch In the front panel the linked ports will display green the ports which are not linked will be dark For the optional modules the slot will show only a cover plate if no module exists and will show a module if a module is present The image of the module depends on the one you inserted The same link indications apply If disconnected the port will show as dark if linked the port will show as green On the left side the main menu tree for the web interface is listed in the page They are hierarchical menus with the function name in boldface Open the function folder and a sub menu will be shown All functions can be divided into three parts including Configuration Monitoring and Maintenance The functions of each folder are described in their corresponding sections respectively The function is performed when mouse clicked The following list is the main function tree for the web based user interface Configuration Monitoring Maintenance 49 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 2 Configuration Eleven functions including System Configuration Ports Configuration VLAN Mode Configuration VLAN Group Configuration PVID Configuration Aggregation Configuration Mirror Configuration QoS Configuration Bandwidth Management Trap Event Configuration and Max Packet Length are contained
93. rying a VLAN tag field containing VLAN identification with the value of 0 and priority information Untagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying no VLAN tag information VLAN Identifier Also referred to as VID It is used to identify a member belonging to the VLAN group with the VID The assignable number is 1 4094 If VID 0 the tagged frame is a priority packet Neither of the values of O and 4095 can be assigned in VLAN management Port VLAN Identifier VLAN identifier of a port It also can be referred to as PVID When an untagged frame or a priority tagged frame is received the frame will be inserted the PVID of that port in the VLAN tag field The frame with VID assigned by a port is called PVID Each port can only be assigned a PVID The default value for PVID is 1 the same as VID Ingress filtering The process used to check a received packet and compare its VID to the VLAN membership of the ingress port The ingress filtering can be set by per port When receiving a packet a VLAN bridge examines if the VID in the frame s header has been presented If the VID of the received packet is presented the VID of the packet is used And the VLAN bridge will check its MAC address table to see if the destination ports are members of the same VLAN If both are members of the tagged VLAN then the packet will be forwarded If the packet is an untagged or a null tag packet the ingress ports PVID is applied to the packet The VL
94. s port number 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 Prioritize IP Telephony VoIP 1718 1719 1720 Prioritize iSCS1 3225 3260 3420 Prioritize web browsing e mail FTP transfers and news 80 280 443 25 110 20 21 69 119 2009 Prioritize Streaming Audio Video 2979 1755 7070 7071 554 8000 Prioritize Databases Oracle IBM DB2 SQL Microsoft 66 1571 1575 523 118 156 3306 1232 1433 1434 72 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Configuration Quality of Service QoS Layer 4 Configuration Syst TEN Disable IP TCP UDP Port Classification VLAN Mode VLAN Group Down prioritize web browsing e mail FTP and news PID Aggregation Prioritize IP Telephony VoIP Mirror Prioritize iSCSI Quality of Service Bandwidth Management Prioritize web browsing e mail FTP transfers and news Trap Event Max Packet Length Prioritize Streaming Audio Video Prioritize Databases Oracle IBM DB2 SQL Microsoft Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics P TCP IP Layer 4 TCP UDP Classes Maintenance r E Special TCP UDP class Low SIE Default class all other TCP UDP ports Low v Status Pot e Special UDP TCP Port Selection Warm Restart Factory Default Poti v Custom 0 Custom 0 Custom 0 Custom 0 Custom 0 Logout Custom 0 Custom 0 Custom 0 Custom 0 Custo
95. s in the network layer The MAC belongs to the Data Link Layer Layer 2 the address is defined to be a 48 bit long and locally unique address Since this type of address is applied only to the Ethernet LAN media access control MAC they are referred to as MAC addresses The first three bytes are Organizational Unique Identifier OUI code assigned by IEEE The last three bytes are the serial number assigned by the vendor of the network device All six of these bytes are stored in a non volatile memory in the device Their format is as shown in the following table and normally written in the form as aa bb cc dd ee ff a sequence of 12 hexadecimal digits separated by hyphens in which the aa bb cc is the OUI code and the dd ee ff is the serial number assigned by the manufacturer 26 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Bit 47 bit O 1st byte 2nd byte 3rd byte 4th byte oth byte 6th byte OUI code Table 3 3 Ethernet MAC address The first bit of the first byte in the Destination address DA determines the address to be a Unicast 0 or Multicast frame 1 known as an I G bit indicating individual 0 or group 1 So the 48 bit address space is divided into two portions Unicast and Multicast The second bit is for global unique 0 or locally unique addresses The former is assigned by the device manufacturer and the latter is usually assigned by the administrator In practice global unique addresses are alwa
96. s 802 1Q VLAN Protocol based VLAN Protocol based VLAN identifies the VLAN membership by layer 3 protocol types for example IPX AppleTalk IP etc Other VLAN technologies not mentioned above are MAC based VLAN IP based VLAN and so on Terminology Tagged Frame A frame carrying a tag field following the source MAC address is four bytes long and contains VLAN protocol ID and tag control information composed of user priority Canonical Format Indicator CFI and optional VLAN identifier VID Normally the maximum length of a tagged frame is 1522 bytes 802 1Q VLAN tagged Ethernet frame 6 2 2 2 6 DA SA VLAN Protocol Tag Control Length ID Information Type VLAN Protocol ID E A 0x8100 User Priority CFI VLAN identifier Fig 3 9 Tag Format VLAN Protocol ID 8100 is reserved for VLAN tagged frame User Priority 3 bits long User priority is defined to a range of 7 0 Ois the lowest priority CFI Canonical Format Indicator 1 bit long It is used to encapsulate a token ring packet to let it travel across the Ethernet Usually it is set to 0 VLAN ID 12 bits long 0 means no VLAN ID is present 1 means the default VLAN 4095 reserved Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch VLAN tagged frame An Ethernet frame carrying a VLAN tag field containing VLAN identification without the values of 0 and 4095 and priority information Priority tagged frame An Ethernet frame car
97. s in half duplex only Under this condition when in a 10 Mbps LAN it s 2500 meters in a 100 Mbps LAN its approximately 200 meters and in 1000 Mbps 200 meters According to the theory it should be 20 meters But it s not practical so the LAN diameter is maintained by increasing the minimum frame size with a variable length non data extension bit field which is removed at the receiving MAC The following tables are the frame formats suitable for 10 M 100 M and 1000 M Ethernet and some parameter values that shall be applied to all of these three types of Ethernet Actually the currently available Gigabit Ethernet chips do not feature this so at this time They all have their chips supported in the full duplex mode only and this applies to all network vendors devices as well So this criterion should not exist at the present time or in the future The switch s Gigabit modules support only the full duplex mode 416 bytes for 1000Base 520 bytes for 1000Base T Lengthityps Data Pad FCS Extensiont 64 bytes Fig 3 4 Gigabit Ethernet Frame 30 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Parameter Max collision 100 meters for UTP 100 meters for UTP sola DTE to 100 meters 412 meters for fiber 316 meters for fiber Max collision domain with 2500 meters 205 meters 200 meters repeater Slot time 512 bit times 512 bit times 512 bit times Interframe Gap AttemptLimit BackoffLimit Jam
98. s of the trap functions are self descriptive The traps that the switch supports are listed below Boot Warm Boot Cold Boot Login Illegal Login Link Link Up Link Down Tx Rx error Rx error threshold Tx error threshold Trap Event i 0 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 0 Warm Boot Cold Boot Illegal Login T Login Counter 0 and Fiber Port Event oo E 5 E B eo EAA 10 Error threshold Fig 4 31 92 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 1 7 Maximum Packet Length Function name Max Packet Length Status Function description Displays the maximum packet length settings that each port can accept in this switch Parameter description Jumbo Frame bytes Displays the settings that determine the maximum length of the packet that each port of the switch can accept Maximum length can be up to 1532 bytes or 9216 bytes The default is 1532 bytes Maximum PACKEL eaters Port M ze Port M EHI 1532 Ea 1532 Eq 1532 A 1532 Ee 1532 amp 1532 Ea 1532 Ea 1532 EA 1532 410 1532 Fea 1532 Era 1532 EEJ 1532 EEJ 1532 E 1532 16 1532 Egil 1532 EJ 1532 ECI 1532 20 1532 EW 1532 Esi 1532 Ea 1532 24 1532 Fig 4 32 93 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 2 Warm Restart The user has many ways to reboot the switch including power up hardware reset and software reset Pressing the RESET button in the front panel resets the switch A
99. st According to IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority there are three specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal network We call it a Private IP address and list them below Class A 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 Class B 172 16 0 0 172 31 255 255 Class C 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information Subnet mask Subnet mask means the sub division of a class based network or a CIDR block The subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the host address on a bitwise basis It is designed to utilize IP addresses more efficiently and ease the management of an IP network For a class B network using the example 128 1 2 3 that network may have a subnet mask 255 255 0 0 as the default in which the first two bytes will be all 1s This means more than 60 thousand nodes in flat IP addresses will be at the same network Such a network is too large to practically manage If the network is divided into a smaller network by extending its network prefix from 16 bits to say 24 bits that uses its third byte to subnet this class B network That network now has a subnet mask of 255 255 255 0 in which each bit of the first three bytes is 1 It is now clear that the first two bytes are used to identify the class B network the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and the last byte is then the host n
100. system status information as shown in Fig 4 2 This page is the default page providing the user with basic system information including System Status TP Port Status Fiber Port Status Aggregation VLAN Mirror Trap Event and Maximum Packet Length With this information the user will know the software version used MAC address how many ports are operating properly and so on This is helpful while troubleshooting the system For more details please refer to Section 4 4 1 ena Configuration System Status F Mo065 7941 v1 09 nn juror Fastest tl 070001000005 ualiy ot Senice 192 168 2 2 Jangi Mana 255 255 255 0 E OF Lb 754 00 40 c7 25 00 04 Monitoring Ge iga Svriteh labels Chari fats Lane Teo Chetan Stallis Maintenance TP Port Status Warm Festari EE 100Full Auto Disabled ER Down Auto Disabled Factory Detault EJ Coven Auto Disabled Eaj Dorem Auto Bis abled Logout EI Down Auto Disabled M Down Auto Disabled Ea Down Auto Bit abled B Down Auto Disabled K EWW eosin a Down Auth Dicabhad Ea Dovan Auta Dic abbed hi ETE 100Full Auto Disabled EFJ Doven Auto Disabled EEN D vri Auta Disabled Eta Doven Auta Dis abbed 15 Dorin Auto Disabled E Down Auto Disabled EH Dover Auth Disabled 18 Doven Auta Disabbed ECI Down Auto Disabled Em Down Auto Disabled Down Arbo Disatsled r oven Auto Disabled Fig 4 2 48 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSma
101. tering is disabled the VLAN bridge will only check the MAC address table to see if the destination VLAN exists If the VLAN does not exist it then drops the packet and if both the DA and VLAN do not exist forwards the packet If it just knows VLAN existed then it floods the packet to all the ports the VLAN covers If we plan to deploy four VLANs in an office and use a switch to partition them we should check which ports belong to which VLAN first Assuming a 24 port switch is used VID Port Members Marketing 2 4 2 3 4 5 6 7 20 21 22 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Administration 17 18 19 23 24 Table 3 6 Next the administrator assigns IP address to each VLAN Usually we use 10 x x x as internal IP block Because there are total four VLANs in the network we must assign 4 IP blocks to each of them Name VID Network Address Marketing 10 1 2 0 24 10 1 3 0 24 10 1 4 0 24 Administration 10 1 1 0 24 Table 3 7 Here we apply the subnet mask 255 255 255 and each VLAN is then capable of supporting 254 nodes 44 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 3 6 Link Aggregation The basic function of Link Aggregation is to aggregate the bandwidth of more than one port to an assigned logical link This highly increases the total available bandwidth to the targeted device There is more than one Link Aggregation technology in many vendors switch products already which may cause an interopera
102. the section VLAN in Chapter 3 Each tag based VLAN you built up must be assigned a VLAN name and a VLAN ID Valid VLAN IDs are 1 4094 User can create total of up to 24 Tagged VLAN groups 56 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch Metro Mode The Metro Mode is a quick configuration VLAN environment method of Port based VLAN It will create 22 or 23 Port based VLAN groups VLAN Mode Configuration Tag based Port based Tag based Metro Mode Manage ace gza Disable x vib Monitoring Statistics Overview Detailed Statistics Maintenance Status Warm Restart Factory Default Logout Fig 4 5 Uplink Port This function is enabled only when metro mode is chosen as the VLAN mode 23 Except Port 23 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 23 thus total 23 groups consisting of 2 members are formed 24 Except Port 24 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 24 thus total 23 groups consisting of 2 members are formed 23 amp 24 Except Port 23 and Port 24 each port of the switch cannot transmit packets with each other Each port groups a VLAN with Port 23 and Port 24 thus total 22 groups consisting of 3 members are formed 57 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch VLAN Mode Configuration Metro Mode v System i Ports
103. uality of Service VLAN and Trunking It is suitable for virtually any office application In this switch Port 23 24 includes two types of media TP and SFP Fiber LC BiDi LC this port supports 10 100 1000 Mbps TP or 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber with auto detected function 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high speed connection expansion 1000 Mbps LC Multi Mode SFP Fiber transceiver 1000 Mbps LC 10 Km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000 Mbps LC 30 Km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000 Mbps LC 50 Km SFP Fiber transceiver 1000 Mbps BiDi LC 20 Km 1550 nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 1000 Mbps BiDi LC 20 Km 1310 nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver 10 100 1000 Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE 802 3 u x z Gigabit Fast Ethernet specifications 1000 Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802 3z and 1000Base SX LX standards 1000 Mbps Single Fiber WDM BiDi transceiver is designed with an optic Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM technology that transports bi directional full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously e Key Features in the Device QoS The switch offers powerful QoS function This function supports TOS field of IP header equal DSCP low 3 bits on Layer 3 of network framework and 6 kinds of special network transmission events on Layer 4 VLAN Supports Port based VLAN IEEE 802 1Q Tag VLAN And supports 24 active VLANs
104. umber Not all IP addresses are available in the sub netted network Two special addresses are reserved They are the addresses with all zeros and all ones as the host number For example for an IP address of 128 1 2 128 what will the reserved IP addresses look like All OS mean the network itself and all 1s mean IP broadcast Network Subnet All 0s 128 1 2 128 0000000 1 1111111 All 1s 128 1 2 255 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch In this diagram you can see the subnet mask that is 25 bits long 255 255 255 128 contains 126 members in the sub netted network Another concept to be remembered is that the length of the network prefix equals the number of the bits with 1s in that subnet mask Using this information the number of IP addresses matched can be easily counted The following table shows the result U refix Length No of IP matched No of Addressable Ca al 9 a rs at rs 2 2 2 2 2 W ON 09 ON _ NO OO _ NO ON No N P 2 1 0 9 8 T 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 19 18 17 16 Nn e Table 2 3 ON N o gt N OO O Il NO ON N I OS gt According to the scheme above a subnet mask 255 255 255 0 will partition a class C network It means there will be a maximum of 254 effective nodes existing in this sub netted network and it is considered a physical network in an autonomous
105. ys applied A unicast address is identified with a single network interface With this type of MAC address a frame transmitted can be received by exactly the target interface the destination MAC points to A multicast address is identified with a group of network devices or network interfaces In Ethernet a means of many to many connectivity in the LANs is provided It provides a method of sending a frame to many network devices at a time When all bits of a DA are 1s it is a broadcast which means all network devices except the sender itself can receive the frame and respond Ethernet Frame Format There are two major forms of Ethernet frames type encapsulation and length encapsulation both of which are categorized as four frame formats 802 3 802 2 SNAP 802 3 802 2 Ethernet Il and Netware 802 3 RAW We will introduce the basic Ethernet frame format defined by the IEEE 802 3 standard required for all MAC implementations It contains seven fields as explained below Type Length Pad bit if any i ae ee ee ee 46 1500 Fig 3 3 Ethernet frame structure Preamble PRE The PRE is 7 byte long with alternating pattern of ones and zeros used to tell the receiving node that a frame is coming and to synchronize the physical receiver with the incoming bit stream The preamble pattern is 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 10101010 Start of frame delimiter SFD The SFD is one byte long with an alternating patte
106. ys the hardware version of this switch Serial Number Displays the serial number as assigned by Signamax IP Address Displays the IP address of this switch Subnet Mask Displays the subnet mask of this switch Default Gateway Displays the default gateway of this switch 84 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch MAC Address Displays the Ethernet MAC address of this switch system Name Displays the name of the switch User defined Auto Logout Timer Displays the setting of auto logout timer in the web UI 85 Signamax 065 7941 24 Port 10 100 1000BaseT TX WebSmart Switch 4 4 1 2 TP Fiber Ports Status Function name TP Fiber Ports Status Function description Reports the latest updated status of all ports in this switch Using this function the user can view the following settings link status speed and flow control All settings are described in detail below TP Port Status Port Link Status Speed Flow Control Port Link Status Speed Flow Control 100FDxX Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto Enabled Down Auto

U s e r`s G u i d e

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents