CPU/68000 USER`S MANUAL 68000-BASED
Contents
1. BR CLEAR BR 50 BR BRKPTS 3050 When setting breakpoints the global offset is added to the parameter but all addresses printed are absolute 3 10 3 6 7 Set the Display Format individual Registers TRACE DISPLAY COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION TD Print the trace display TD CLear Take everything out of the display TD ALI Put all registers in display see page 3 12 TD reg format Add or delete registers in display where reg is DO D7 7 WO W7 MO M7 PC SR US SS A D or L see page 3 12 for A D L format can be 0 1 2 3 4Z DR S Ozremove the item from the display 1 2 3 4 print this number of bytes as hex characters include all leading zeros Z signed long word hex with zero suppress D signed long word decima with zero suppress R subtract offset see OFfset command then print with Z format with letter R at end S search symbol table for 4 byte value if found print symbol name as 8 characters if not found print hex value as 8 characters EXAMPLES COMMENTS TD CLEAR Turn off all the registers in display TD PC 3D1 1 Define PC as 3 bytes and D1 as one TD Command to display 000000 D1 05 This is the trace display TD PC 0 A6 Remove PC and add A6 which defaults to 4 bytes TD Display D1 05 A6 0000008F Display with two new registers W3 2 2000 Define a window M3 20 Set value of memory pseudo register TD 2 Add a memory pseudo register to the display TD Display 01 05 A6 0002. and 3 After the dip switches have been set properly insert the CPU 68000 the Interfacer and the CMEM boards into the S 100 card cage Then connect the serial 0 cables between the Interfacer card and the terminal Be sure to connect pin 1 on the ribbon cable by the index on the edge connector Set the terminal for 9600 BAUD and upper case only Now apply power If everything was done properly you should see the Macsbug prompt on the terminal MACSBUG 1 31 Li If this does not appear turn off the power and recheck 11 connections and dip switch settings Be sure the Interfacer and the terminal are set for identical BAUD rates Try again If there is still no response please call Dual Systems The dip switch settings on the CPU 68000 map the monitor program to location 020000H and provide for the boot vectors to be read from the ROMs These switches are described fully in this manual The Interfacer switch setting define the first port to be at I O location OH and the second port for printer or host computer at I O location 2H In order to configure the board for use with your terminal and printer the port 1 baud rate must be set for the speed of the console terminal and the Port 2 baud rate must match the speed of the printer or the connection to the host computer the figure these rates are 9600 and 300 respectively Parity and Stop bits are set for use with an ADM 3A or ADM 5 terminal For more information regarding
3. 15 vector When program execution is stopped the 1 0 routine address is normally inserted into TRAP 15 vector If is not needed in the program the user may change the vector with the SM command If breakpoints are not needed the program may change the vector while the program is running It is recommended however that the user should use the other 15 vectors or other programming techniques and let MACSbug control TRAP 15 NOTE this is an excerpt from a MOTOROLA document but is still applicable to our version of MACSBUG 3 22 The LOOP feature suppresses the printing of the trace display a given address range This feature uses two RAM parameters LOOPR1 and LOOPR2 whose locations are listed in the equate file para graph 3 11 These locations can be set with the SM command and displayed with the DM command The trace display routine will check these locations to see if the program counter is within the range The routine will always print the display whenever it hits a breakpoint with a count or the program stops due to a breakpoint or counts down to the end of a trace 3 10 MACSbug RAM MEMORY MAP MACSbug RAM 0 4 8 10 14 18 1 20 24 28 2 SPURIOUS 60 LEVEL 1 64 LEVEL 2 68 etc LEVEL 7 7 80 1 84 etc TRAP 15 BC USER INTER 100 etc 3FF MACSbug RAM 400 REGISTERS WINDOWS BREAKPOINT ADDRESSES BREAKPOINT CONTENTS WORK RAM 5
4. MACSbug SY FIXUP 2300 Define a symbol as absolute address 2300 CALL FIXUP JSR to symbolic address The second method of adding commands involves MACSbug s command table There is a RAM loca tion CMDTABLE that is MACSbug s pointer to the start of the command table The user may wish to copy this table into RAM add his own commands or change the names of the existing ones and change CMDTABLE to point to the new table The format of the table is very simple Each command occupies six bytes in the table The first two bytes are the command name and the next four bytes are the starting address of the code The com mands are not subroutines and all end by reentering the command decoder routine The last entry in the table has FFFF as the two byte name There are two special characters that may be used in the name field The means that the com mand must contain an ASCII digit from O to 7 in that character position The is a wild character that will match anything For example the use of the wild character must follow after and not before similar command such as TE then T in the table 3 18 3 6 15 Transparent Mode and Host Communication TRANSPARENT COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION P2 Enter transparent mode Transparent mode sends all characters typed at the terminal to the host computer All transmissions from the host are typed on the local terminal For this mode to work properly the BAUD rate of the host connection MU
5. an 1 0 device Since the 1 0 board does not decode the full 16 bit 1 0 address its ports address is replicated throughout the 64 kilobyte I 0 address space The processor board functions quite well with existing I O boards and is capable of fully supporting future extended I O address boards as well If you are using an I O board which only decodes the low eight bits of the address then you use the 16 bit word addressing mode of the 68000 Since to the 1 0 board address 0 0002 is indistinguishable from OFFFFO2 and the 68000 sign extends the word long address you also use the address 12 OFF02 So the above example could also be coded MOVE B OFF02 W DO 0 68000 address bus directly drives 1 through 23 CPU 68000 comes factory jumpered for the updated 696 standard That is the most significant byte of each word is stored at an even address and the least significant byte is stored at the next odd address Note that instructions operands stack data address vectors etc are all stored at even addresses The definition of AO may be reversed by carefully cutting the trace marked LO Low Odd and installing a jumper to the pad marked LE Low Even 13 DATA BUS The 68000 transfers data over a single 16 bit bidirectional bus Programs must reside in 16 bit memory however data bytes may be accessed from byte wide memory Long words must be transferred in sequential 16 bit bus cycles Byte
6. data is transferred over the corresponding data lines high order even address bytes on D15 D8 low order odd address bytes on 07 00 The S 100 bus has two 8 bit data paths Data Odd and Data Even For byte transfers data is sent over the Data Even bus for write operations and over the Data Odd bus for read operations For word transfers Data Even and Data Odd are ganged forming a 16 bit bidirectional bus During word bus cycles the even 0 0 byte is transferred over the Data Even bus and the odd 0 1 byte over the Data Odd bus On the 68000 the even byte is most significant D15 D8 If you have changed the AO jumper on the CPU board then these definitions are reversed TEMPORARY BUS MASTER INTERFACE TMA CONTROL The 68000 processor board functions as a permanent bus master as specified in the IEEE proposed S100 standard Temporary bus masters DMA devices request the bus by asserting control input HOLD They receive control of the bus when the bus RN 68000 CPU asserts control output hold acknowledge pHLDA Upon receipt of HOLD the 68000 completes the current bus cycle and then asserts pHLDA The 68000 suspends all processing until HOLD is released temporary master may now disable the permanent bus masters address data status and control buses by asserting the four disable lines ADSB DODSB SDSB and CDSB temporary master now has complete control of the bus for as long as it wishes When the bus is no longer n
7. in table when not found it tries to convert parameter to number Attempt to print value for symbol not in table COMMENTS Set a symbolic breakpoint User defined routine Set a register Display some memory EXAMPLES OF KEY WORDS IN COMMANDS BR CLEAR GO TILL Z217 RT5 T TILL ABC34 The word CLEAR is not considered a symbol here The word TILL is part of the command The word TILL is part of the command 3 8 3 6 5 Displaying and Accessing Memory through Windows A window is an effective address through which the user can see memory The windows are labeled WO to W7 and are defined using the syntax listed below The windows address corresponding memory locations labeled MO to M7 which use the same syntax as registers These memory locations can be examined set or defined in the display the same as a register COMMAND FORMAT W W len EA M data or ASCII EA SYNTAX EXAMPLES DESCRIPTION Print the effective address of a given window Define a window size and effective address is the window number to 7 len is the length in bytes 1 2 word 3 3 bytes 4 long word O close a window undefine it EA is Effective Addressing mode see EA SYNTAX EXAMPLES in table below Pseudo registers have same syntax as registers DESCRIPTION Absolute address Address register indirect Indirect with displacement Indirect with index and displacement Program counter with displacement Program counte
8. most significant 8 address bits are decoded the ROMS occupy a full 64 kilobytes of memory Hardware relocation of the Exception Vectors The ROMs can be enabled on memory reads to the exception vector address space The MC68000 expects to find the exception vectors stored in the first 1024 bytes of memory Typically it is desirable to store most vectors in RAM to allow software control of traps interrupts etc However the power on sequence requires two 32 bit vectors for the initial stack pointer and program counter The 68000 expects these 8 bytes at memory locations zero 0 through 7 and they should be stored in ROM to ensure their validity on power up Switch S2 1 EV Enable for Vectors determines whether the vectors are read from on board ROM or off board memory usually ROM If switch S2 1 is ON the on board ROMs will be accessed on a read from the exception vector space If switch S2 1 is OFF the vectors will be read from off board memory Switoh 52 2 XV eXception Vectors determines which vectors enable the ROMs 52 2 in an ON position enables the ROMs only for the two reset vectors 852 2 an OFF position enables the ROMs for the first 6 exception vectors Normally S2 2 is kept in on position However for some dedicated applications it may be desirable to store the many system exception vectors divide by zero trap interrupt eto in ROM If one desires to store exception vectors in an of
9. responding to only the 16 bit address bus may be used with this CPU but this would restrict the total system address space to 64 kilobytes I O Space Memory Space The 68000 instruction set does not have an explicit Input Output instruction Motorola architects intended for all 68000 I O to be memory mapped Memory mapped I O takes advantage of the many powerful addressing modes for fast efficient I O routines To support S 100 I O mapped peripherals the processor board dedicates the most significant 6 kilobytes of memory to I O a result any memory access to hex address FF0000 through FFFFFF results in an I O bus cycle That is such an access asserts Status outputs sINP or sOUT This configuration allows efficient memory mapped software while maintaining full compatibility with existing I O devices For example hex address FF0002 corresponds to I O port with address 02 So the 68000 instruction MOVE B OFF0002H DO is similar to the 8080 instruction IN 02H Note that 64 kilobytes of address space are dedicated to I 0 devices This allows over 64 thousand input and output ports To support this many ports requires that devices decode the least significant 16 address bits The IEEE specification allows extended 0 addressing but does not require it The majority of current 0 boards decode only the least Significant 8 address bits This gives 256 input and output ports The processor board can be used with such
10. the IEEE 696 specification and ROMs containing a powerful monitor Among its highlights are 8 MHz 68000 microprocessor MHz S 100 bus operation 24 bit extended address bus 16 bit data transfers 8 bit transfers for compatibility with older peripherals On chip interrupt controller Operation with up to 16 DMA devices Up to 8 Kilobytes of on board ROM Supports I O mapped peripherals The Dual Systems CPU 68000 board is based the Motorola 68000 processor a high performance microprocessor with 32 bit internal architecture and a large uniform memory space The 68000 features 16 32 bit registers eight for addresses and eight for data Data can be accessed in byte word and long word 32 Bit quantities The board is designed to take full advantage of new IEEE 696 S 100 features 16 bit memory accesses double the effective transfer rate of the 4 MHz S 100 bus The processor fully complies with IEEE specifications for a permanent bus master and supports temporary bus master operation Twenty four address lines allow direct access to 16 Megabytes of memory SPECIFICATIONS Processor Motorola MC68000 L8 Clock Speed 8 Megahertz Bus Meets all requirements of IEEE 696 5 100 Address Bus 24 bits conforms to S 100 extended addressing specifications 16 Megabytes Data Bus 16 bit bidirectional data transfers Also supports byte data transfers to eight bit peripherals ROM Two sockets are provided
11. 00000570 0000221 Call to MACSbug trap handler Valid functions listed below Program resumes with next instruction Destination Function Buffer Coded Breakpoint console Input line 5 is start of buffer PORT1 console Output line A5 to A6 1 is buffer PORT2 host Read line 5 is start of buffer 2 host Print line 5 to 6 1 is buffer TEST TRAP 15 USER I O ORG 2000 PROGRAM STARTS START MOVE L 4000 A7 INITIALIZE STACK MOVE L BUFFER AS FIX UP A5 amp A6 FOR 1 0 MOVE L A5 A6 TRAP 15 INPUT BUFFER FROM CONSOLE DC W 1 TRAP 15 PRINT BUFFER TO CONSOLE DC W 2 15 STOP LIKE BREAKPOINT DC W 0 BRA START DO IT AGAIN BUFFER 05 1 128 THIS IS THE 1 0 BUFFER EXAMPLE OF HOW TO PUT SYMBOLS IN SYMBOL TABLE SEE RAM EQUATE FILE FOR EXACT VALUE OF STRSYM SYMB DC L START START DC L BUFFER BUFFER SYMBE EQU ORG STRSYM MACSBUG S POINTERS TO DC L SYMB SYMBE START END OF TABLE END 3 21 3 9 GENERAL INFORMATION The trace display print routine has a CRT screen control feature There are two four byte parameters 5 SCREEN2 that are listed in the RAM equate file These parameters are normally null but the user may set them to appropriate values for his particular brand of CRT The four bytes of SCREEN are printed before the trace display and the four bytes SCREEN2 are printed after the display Motor
12. 0008F M3 0020 New display 1 01 3 2 Change length of registers already in display TD Display D12000005 A6 8F M3 20 New display M3 now suppresses leading zeroes TDDI RM3 D D1 is relative and M3 is decimal OFFSET 12345 Set the offset see OFfset command TD Display D12 12340R A6 8F M3 32 5 offset 12340R 20 hex 32 decimal SY TABLE 8F Define a symbol see SYmbol command print symbol if value in table TD D1 12340R A6 TABLE Prints symbolic value 123 Set to a value NOT in symbol table TD D1 12340R A6 00000123 A6 prints value with 4 byte format 3 11 3 6 8 Set the Trace Display Format Blocks of Registers TRACE DISPLAY COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION TO CLear Take everything out of the display 0 1 Put all data registers display as block 1 Put all address registers in display as a block for D 1 and A 1 the format is fixed at 4 bytes TD L character Define a line separator at the end of display O will reverse A 1 D 1 and L char commands TD ALI Same as keying in PC 3SR 2US ASS 4D 1A 1L does not affect other registers and windows that have been previously defined to display EXAMPLES COMMENTS TD CLEAR Clear the display TDD 1 Define all data registers in a block TD Print the trace display DO 00000000 01 00000000 D2 00000000 D3 00000000 D4 00000000 D5 00000000 D6 00000000 D7 00000000 CLEA
13. 300 BAUD i Ul i 7775057 COPYRIGHT 1979 GODBOUT ELECTRONICS 7 55 AF mi esa 25152521 R17 8 pM md a el ADDR 00 01 D o o o 31 7912 D 2 mE o BL BL E IA 18 jf 02 03 4 fal 3 pA 25152521 N S MADE USA J12 U BM 2 soos 7 ABC 132 7812 40 5 1 10 20 30 Figure 2 Factory configuration of serial 1 0 board for operation with CPU 68000 c EXTENDED ADDRESSING ENABLED Figure 3 8 16 BIT OPERATION ENABLED BASE ADDRESS 0 9 ggg ALL 32K ENABLED pa rte D UR m Switch and jumper settings for CMEM series nonvolatile memories when used with CPU 68009 ON BOARD ROM Two ROM sockets are available on the CPU board to store up to 8K bytes of data The ROMs be used to store programs interrupt vectors or both A variety of five volt only 8 bit EPROMs ROMs may be used The CPU 68000 is factory configured for use with 2732 EPROMs see Appendix A for jumper installation for alternate EPROMs Switches S1 and S2 determine the ROMs base address and their mode of operation Either one of two conditions may enable the ROMs Using the ROMs to Store Programs The ROMs may be selected on any read from the address space starting at the address specified by S1 This mode is selected if 52 3 is on Since only the
14. 4 PC 1002 DO 1 BR BRKPTS 1002 1008 3 1002 G 1000 00 4 1008 00 4 1008 00 4 BR BRKPTS 1008 1000 1000 1008 00 4 JUMPER 100A BR JUMPER 5 GO BREAKPOINT DESCRIPTION Begin execution at address in PC register Begin execution at this address Set a temporary breakpoint at the address and run until a break point is encountered Print the address of all breakpoints 8 maximum Set a breakpoint at this address Remove the breakpoint at this address Set a breakpoint at this address with a count Remove all breakpoints COMMENTS Set program counter to starting address Set trace display format Print trace display Run until address System displays when it stops Set a breakpoint Run until breakpoint Trace display Set a breakpoint with a count Print the breakpoints Run Decrements count prints display continues Stops at breakpoint with zero count Print the breakpoints Count has been decremented by one Remove a breakpoint Run Count from 3 to 2 Sp Sp NO des s 1 toO and it stops here Print the breakpoints No count for this breakpoint Set another breakpoint Start running from 1000 bypass breakpoint at starting address and stop at next breakpoint Define a symbol Set a breakpoint at a symbolic address 123456 7897 11 22 33 44 55 66 Try to overflow table holds 8 TABLE FULL BRKPTS 1008 1000 100A 5 123456 7897 11 22 33 44 OFFSET 3000
15. 5678 N Use of the N parameter to start a new line 0000100 START 00023456 DM 1000 20 001000 54 41 42 4 45 20 20 20 00 00 56 78 53 54 41 52 TABLE VxSTAR 001010 54 20 20 20 00 02 34 56 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 OO T OFFSET 2030 Global offset will be added to command parameters DM 1000 A 003030 FF FF FF FF FF FF 5 1005 1234 Global offset added to address 1005 00003037 DM 1000 003030 FF FF FF 12 34 AB FF FF FF FF FF FF FF FF SM 20000 AB CD EF Trying to set ROM ERROR Error message 3 6 3 6 3 Open Memory for Read Change COMMAND FORMAT OPen address SUBCOMMAND FORMAT ADDRESS CONTENT OP 1000 001000 001001 001002 001001 001000 001000 001000 1234 021234 NO 021234 44 12 77 77 DESCRIPTION Open memory at specified address and enter subcommand mode USER ENTERS 12 341 77 99 5 Open memory location 1000 User enters data and system goes to next location Carriage return means go to the next location Up arrow means go to previous location Can be entered without data Equal sign means stay at same address Can be used without any data Period means return to MACSbug Returns to command level Example of trying to change ROM W
16. 7C BUFFER VVV AAA 6B8 STACK DEFAULT SYMBOL TABLE 6BA VVV NOTE RESET SSP PC are actually stored in ROM at addresses 20000 and 20004 3 23 Warranty Service Dual Systems Control Corporation guarantees its products under normal use and service as described in the manufacturer s product literature free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment This warranty is limited to the repair or replacement of the product or any part of the product found to be defective at the manufacturer s factory when returned DUAL SYSTEMS CONTROL CORPORATION 720 Channing Way Berkeley CA 94710 to Dual Systems Control Corporation transportation charges pre paid by customer This warranty does not apply to any equipment that has been repaired or altered except by Dual Systems Control Corporation or which has been misused or damaged by accident In no case shall the manufacturer s liability exceed the original cost of the product system reliability system integrity
17. ORT 1 REad and VErify commands however default to PORT 2 INPORT2 and 2 are defaulted to ACIA 42 PORT 2 which is the host system an EXORciser or timesharing system etc Output or input is directed to this port by including a port specifier in the command field of the command line For example PU2 1000 50 The 2 in the command PU2 specifies that the addresses for the O routines will be found in the RAM locations INPUT2 and OUTPUT2 Error messages however will be printed on PORT 1 the system console INPORT3 and OUTPORT3 are initialized to the same routine addresses as PORT 1 when the system is reset The user can insert the addresses of his own 1 routines into these locations WO can then be directed to his configuration by using 3 the command field EXAMPLES OF COMMANDS WITH PORT SPECIFIERS READ3 Memory load from PORT 3 checksum ignored VERIFY1 Verify memory with S records coming in from PORT 1 PUNCH2 5000 10 Send tape image S records to PORT 2 DM2 50 80 Display memory sending output to PORT 2 3 20 3 8 USER I O THROUGH TRAP 15 Format user program TRAP 15 W function Function EXAMPLE PROGRAM 002000 002006 00200C 00200 00210 002012 002014 002016 002018 00201 00201 00221 002228 000570 00002000 2E7C00004000 2A7C0000201C 2C4D AEAF 0001 4 0002 4 0000 60 4 0200 53 00002234
18. R 1 Define all address registers a block TD 00000000 Al 00000000 2 00000000 A3 00000000 A4 00000000 A5 00000000 00000000 7 00007 TDL Define a line separator a row of 2 TD 00000000 1 00000000 2 00000000 A3 00000000 4 00000000 5 00000000 A6 00000000 7 00007 701 Define a line separator row of 8 TD 00000000 1 00000000 A2 00000000 A3 00000000 A4 00000000 5 00000000 A6 00000000 A7 200007FFE amp amp amp amp amp amp 8 amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp amp ba Ba amp amp Ba Ee amp amp amp ba Ba Ba 8 amp amp 8 8 amp amp amp Ba amp amp TD ALL Turn on commonly used registers TD this is also the default or reset condition PC 000000 SR 2000 US 00007F00 00007 00 00000000 01 00000000 D2 00000000 D3 00000000 D4 00000000 05 00000000 D6 00000000 07 00000000 00000000 1 00000000 2 00000000 00000000 A4 00000000 5 00000000 00000000 7 00007 3 12 3 6 9 Tracing count Trace TILL address CR EXAMPLES see example program on page 3 3 DM 1000 TRACE DESCRIPTION Execute one instruction and print trace display Trace specified number of instructions Trace to the given address breakpoint will stop t
19. ST be slower than than the terminal control A Control A ends the transparent mode data Asterisk as the first character of the console input buffer means transmit the rest of the buffer to the host PORT2 the BAUD rates DO NOT have to be the same EXAMPLES COMMENTS MACSBUG 1 0 Start up or reset condition P2 Command to enter transparent mode NOTE the BAUD rate of the host must be slower than the terminal TRANSPARENT MACSbug prints this User talks directly to the host uses the editor assembler etc CONTROL A Ends the transparent mode MACSBUG MACSbug prints this and system is ready for new command MAID System prompts with and user enters MAID E800 G NOTE the BAUD rates DO NOT have to be the same 3 19 3 7 SPECIFICATIONS Provision has been made for the user to substitute his own 1 0 routines and direct the 1 0 for some commands to these routines There are three pairs of locations in RAM that hold the addresses of the routines See paragraph 3 11 on the equate file of RAM locations used by MACSbug They initialized when the system is reset to contain the addresses of the default ACIA routines in ROM INPORT1 and OUTPORTI are defaulted to ACIA 1 PORT 1 which is the system console The system prompt command entry all error messages and all other unassigned I O use these addresses to find the I O routines Most commands do not need port specifier to use P
20. This type of instruction allows meaningful communications within a multiprocessor or multiprocessing environment TAS is designed to prevent transfer of bus control until the entire instruction has completed execution Note that two distinct S 100 cycles are completed but no interrupts or bus requests will be accepted until the second cycle has completed INTERRUPTS The 68000 has a powerful internal interrupt controller There are seven levels of interrupt priority All except the non maskable interrupt are software maskable via the system status word The processor board configured to accept seven of the S 100 interrupt signals VI5 through VIO and NMI where VI5 has the lowest priority Note that NMI will always generate an interrupt when asserted VI6 and VIT are not supported S 100 interrupt signals correspond to the MC68000 IPL interrupt levels as follows S 100 definition VI5 VI3 VI2 VII VIO NMI 68000 CPU notation 1 2 IP3 1 5 6 After receiving interrupt with priority greater than that specified by the system status word the 68000 loads the program counter from the appropriate exception vector a 32 bit address and begins execution of the interrupt routine The seven autovectors are vector numbers 25 through 31 decimal and reside at locations 100 through 124 hex No interrupt acknowledge cyole is needed 15 Selecting ROMS The ROM type is selecte
21. When sending data to the printer with the DM2 or PU2 type commands additional nulls may be re quired after each carriage return The maximum number of nulls is 255 with the CR2 FF command With high BAUD rates and slow printers even this may not be enough The BAUD rate may have to be set down in some situations A 6800 assembly language program is provided in paragraph 3 12 for use with EXORciser host systems that want to use the printer The REad routine DOES NOT protect any memory locations The routine will not protect itself from programs trying to overlay the 1 0 buffer This will of course lead to errors during the download Any location in memory can be loaded into including MACSbug s RAM area This allows the user to initial ize such locations as the starting and ending address of the symbol table An example of this is given with program listing in paragraph 3 8 on User 1 0 through TRAP 15 All the registers may be initialized except the program counter which takes its address from the S8 or S9 record REad and PUnch commands support the normal 50 51 and 59 record formats Two new formats have been added to handle three byte addresses The S2 record is the new data record exactly the same as the 51 except for an extra address byte The 58 is the upgraded version of the 59 TRAP 15 is used by both the user 1 0 feature and breakpoints When the program is running the address of the breakpoint routine is normally in the TRAP
22. ability If this part of the command was actually entered on the command line it would be ignored parameters depends upon the particular command Data is usually in hex but most printable 5 11 characters may be entered if enclosed in single quotes system also supports a limited symbolic feature allowing symbols to be used interchangeably with data values options modifies the nature of the command A typical option might be to disregard the checksum while reading a file Note MACSbug requires all commands to be entered in upper case letters If lower case letters are used MACSbug will respond with WHAT 4 EXAMPLE OF COMMAND PROCEDURES MACSBUG 1 0 Power up or reset condition P2 MACSbug prompts with user enters P2 to enter transparent mode see page 3 19 TRANSPARENT Message printed to indicate user is now directly _ connected with host system User may now communicate directly with the host system Typing a control A at any time will exit to MACSbug Control A MACSBUG Message put out by MACSbug to indicate user is now in MACSbug command mode READ FILE MX CN Download from EXORciser host DM 1000 Display memory 001000 70 01 70 02 70 03 70 04 70 05 4E F8 10 00 FF p p p p p N 1000 Set program counter to START TD CLEAR Clear the trace display TD PC 22 DO 1 Specify which registers to print in display TD Print the trace display PC 1000 DO 00 BR 1004 Set a
23. arning message Does not abort command 3 7 3 6 4 Define and Print Symbols COMMAND FORMAT SYmbol name hex value SY SY name SY value SY SYMBOLS DESCRIPTION Put a symbol the symbol table with a hex value or assign a new value to a previously defined one NAME can be 8 characters long consisting of A Z 0 9 period and dollar sign It must begin with letter A Z or period Remove a symbol from the symbol table Print the current value of the symbol absolute Print the first symbol with the given value Print the sorted symbol table NOTE Offset is not used by this command Some commands rec ognize the words TILL ALL and CLEAR as key words and will not interpret them as symbols EXAMPLES SY XYZ 5000 SY XYZ XYZ 5000 SY XYZ 123 SY ABC34 2500 SY Z17 RT5 XYZ SY 123 XYZ 123 SY 67 4300 SY RFLAG 2300 SY MVP2 9990 SY ABC34 000025 RFLAG 00002300 SY TTT 5 NOT A HEX DIGIT SY 567 00000567 567 SYNTAX EXAMPLES BR 2 RFLAG 4 DM MVP2 10 COMMENTS Puts the symbol in the table Command prints out the symbol s current value Change symbol s value Define another symbol Define a symbol with value from another symbol Print first symbol with value of 123 Define some more symbols Print the sorted symbol table B 67ABC 00004300 MVP2 XYZ 00000123 Z17 RT5 00009990 00000123 Print a value for symbol not
24. baud rates stop bits parity eto refer to the Godbout Interfacer I manual The CMEM is set to span memory locations OH to TFFFH The stacks reside in the top 1 Kbyte of this memory the exeption vectors in the low 1 Kbytes and the middle is available for user programs The remaining switches are set to enable extended addressing initially enable the board and to allow writing to the board For more details refer to the CMEM manual 1 Macsbug is a trademark of Motorola 2 Interfacer is a trademark of Godbout Electronics Figure 1 JUMPER SETTING FOR 2732 EPROMS DUAL SYSTEMS Sy ee COPYRIGHT U DUAL SYSTEMS TION oemokoome US T vs as ROM ADDR S MADE ET FOR 2 H 48 49 IN THE U S A gt Stm Factory settings for switches S1 and S2 and jumpers on CPU 68000 board YNDIA PORT CONFIG ALTERNATE CONFIGURATION PORT AS PRINTER PORT FACTORY CONFIGURATION PORT B USED FOR COMMUNICATION WITH HOST gt product from 0 99 1 DUAL CHANNEL RS232 SERIAL zHie COMPONENT SIDE 133E 2 R pun rea n PORT CONFIG C15 ub 55 COM pun 6 1489 TI IC13 74LS74 IC16 74LS74 LX 3 1015 74LS175 1C17 74LS175 PORT A 9600 BAUD 2 d PORT
25. breakpoint T TILL 0 Trace command PC 1002 DO 01 PC 1004 DO 02 Stopped at breakpoint 60 1004 DO 02 Stopped breakpoint Program is ready to run 3 6 MACSbug SUMMARY reg reg hexdata reg ASCII reg class class DM start end SM address data OPen address SYmbol NAME value W W len EA M data Go Go address Go TILL add BReakpoint BR add count BR address BR CLEAR TD TD reg format TD Clear TD ALI 1 1 T count T TILL Address CR OFfset address CV decimal CV hex CV value value REad text VErify text PUnch start end FOrmat hex NUII hex CR hex TErminal baud CAII address P2 data Break CTL A CTL D CTL H CTL W CTL X Rubout Del DESCRIPTION Print a register Put a hex value in the register Put hex equivalent characters in register Print the old value and request new value Print all registers of a class A or D Sequence through print old value request new Display memory hex ASCII memory dump Set memory with data Open memory for read change Define and print symbols Print the effective address of the window Define window length and addressing mode Memory in window same syntax as register Start running from address in program counter Start running from this address Set temporary breakpoint and start running Print all breakpoint addresses Set new breakpoint and optional count Clea
26. culate offset or displacement NOTE This command DOES NOT automatically use the global offset The default base for this command only is decimal All numbers are signed 32 bit values EXAMPLES CV 128 980 8128 20 20 amp 32 CV 81 FFFFFF7F 81 amp 129 CV 444 111 555 amp 1365 444 111 9333 8819 111 444 FFFFFBBC 333 amp 819 SY TEN amp 10 SY THIRTY amp 30 CV TEN amp 10 TEN FFFFFFF6 A amp 10 CV THIRTY 14 amp 20 OF 2000 123R 2123 amp 8483 200 amp 8202 COMMENTS Command to convert decimal to hek Computer response to decimal Negative numbers Adding an offset second number s base defaults to first num ber s Subtracting an offset forward displacement Backward displacement Defining a symbolic decimal constant Command can be used with symbols Define a global offset R at the end of a number means add the global offset Symbolic relative 3 15 3 6 12 Upload Download and Verify LOAD COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION REad CX text Load 5 records default PORT 2 option C means ignore checksum option X means display data being read if equal sign is used in this command line everything after it is sent to PORT 2 VErify text Verify memory with S records print difference verify does not use checksum PUnch add add Write S records between addr
27. cycle the CMEM memories respond to a valid address on the bus by asserting a manufacturer definable line 66 called FASTACK and either gates data onto or latches the data from the data bus Immediately after the CPU detects that FASTACK has been asserted the processor completes the cycle If the memories being accessed do not respond with FASTACK a standard S 100 bus cycle is completed Thus both Dual FAST CMEM and regular 16 bit S 100 memories may be used in the same System The CPU 68000 must have the pins labled FAST and 66 jumpered together to enable fast mode Using the Phantom Line for System Protection The 68000 is always in one of two modes system mode or user mode When in user mode it is usually desirable to not allow the user access to anything which might impair the integrity of the operating system or file system The CPU 68000 is capable of supporting a simple protection Scheme Install a jumper between the pads marked USER and P Phantom When this jumper is installed the Phantom line will be asserted whenever the CPU is in user mode Then any I O especially disks which should only be acessed when in system mode can be set to disable themselves when the Phantom line is asserted In addition memory that should only be seen read or changed by the operating system directly can also be set to be disabled when the phantom line is asserted 18 D Few Utility Programs This program per
28. d by jumpers on H1 ROMs supported are the 2716 2732 2516 and 2532 The CPU comes configured for use with 2732 ROMs Following is a diagram of H1 ROM pins d Li O20 ONJ MNU EN is active low W gt N 21051 lt Examples Bi iA 2716 2732 2516 2532 16 Details the 5 100 bus Interface the 68000 FUNCTION OF 1 Status signal sM1 asserted during any program opposed to data fetch Historically sM1 indicated that the current bus cycle would require four clock periods instead of three clock periods The extra clock period required for instruction decode allowed time to refresh dynamic memory With the 68000 no assumption can be made about the length of a bus cycle based on the level of sM1 SIXTN Line The CPU 68000 does not support seqential byte operations to implement a sixteen bit data transfer Therefore it has no need for the SIXTN line on the S 100 bus and it is ignored 17 Special Configurations Faster Memory Access When Used with Dual Systems Memories When the CPU 68000 is used with the Dual Systems line of FAST CMEM Rev B and later memories memory cycle time is decreased by 25 This allows the CPU 68000 to run at absolutely full speed with no CPU wait states This increased speed is possible through the use of an asynchronous bus transfer protocol When the CPU commences a memory
29. eatures to deter mine their limitations and usefulness in a particular application COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION OFfset Display offset OFfset hex value Set the offset to a given value OFfset O Set the offset to zero begin absolute addressing command data alternate Disregard offset add alternate offset to data command data Data is absolute no offset added command data OR Used in commands that do not normally use offset adds offset to data The offset affects the following commands TD reg R Trace display subtract offset from register value BReakpoint Set breakpoint display is in absolute Go All addresses SM All addresses DM All addresses display is in absolute PUnch All addresses REad addresses EXAMPLE COMMENTS PC 2010 Set the program counter TD PC R Set trace display R means hex long word minus offset TD Display PC 2010R Displayed relative to offset zero now OF 2000 Set the offset to 2000 TD Display PC 10R PC offset 2010 2000 10 Relative BR6 Set a breakpoint hex data r offset 6 2000 2006 BR Display breakpoint BRKPTS 2006 Breakpoints are always displayed as absolute hex BR 24 3000 Set a breakpoint with alternate offset 24 3000 BR BRKPTS 2006 3024 3 14 3 6 11 Number Base Conversion COMMAND FORMAT CV decimal CV hex CV symbol CV value offset NUMBER CONVERSION DESCRIPTION Decima to hex conversion Hex to decimal conversion Use value from symbol table Cal
30. ectors These two 32 bit vectors are stored in the least significant eight bytes of memory Since these vectors are required when power is first applied they should be stored in ROM In this example the program counter vector points to location 020008H which is the first instruction in the program in ROM after the boot vectors If you wish to modify the monitor you could copy the contents of the ROMS into another memory board preferably non volatile RAM To read the ROMS simply read from locations 20000 through 21FFF Then you can modify the copy in RAM To execute the new version you must relocate the RAM to location 20000 and set S2 1 and S2 3 to OFF so the monitor and the boot vectors are read from the A sample program for a block move is listed in Appendix D Format of Data Stored in ROMs Since the ROMs support word transfers sequential addresses are stored in alternate ROMs That is one ROM U2 holds the low byte of each word and the other U1 holds the high byte of each word NOTE If S2 3 is ON so that the S1 address is mapped to the ROMS you must make sure that no other memory lies in the address of the 64 block of memory starting at the S1 address 11 ADDRESS BUS The processor board supports extended 24 bit address bus This allows the CPU to directly address up to 16 megabytes of memory Such a vast address space eliminates the need for cumbersome bank select schemes Older boards
31. eeded control is returned to the permanent master by releasing the bus disable signals and finally releasing HOLD The method of transferring the bus from the permanent bus master to a temporary master is explicitly specified in the IEEE bus standard section 2 8 significance is the method used to transfer ownership of the control output bus To ensure glitch free transfer both the permanent and temporary master drive the control output bus during the transfer period Except for pHLDA all lines are driven at their non asserted levels After a specified time 125 nanoseconds the temporary master asserts CDSB disabling the permanent master s control output bus drivers and acquiring control of the bus Up to 16 temporary masters may coexist in a system distributed arbitration scheme determines the highest priority device which then takes control of the bus upon assertion of pHLDA 14 general the 68000 will relinguish control the bus after the current bus cycle However if HOLD is received just before the start of a bus cycle the 68000 will go ahead with the bus cycle relinquishing control after its completion The 68000 instruction TAS Test And Set results in different CPU timing than other instructions Motorola defines it as a read modify write cycle The instruction results in sequential read and write cycles on the S 100 bus The two cycles are indivisible that is the write cycle must follow the read cycle
32. ess range PU address count Write specified number of bytes where count address NOTE These commands use the offset No attempt is made to con trol the host transmissions For the REad and VErify any line received not beginning with an S is ignored If an error oc curs causing the system to take the time to print out an error message one or more lines sent during the error message may have been ignored EXAMPLE COMMENTS See example program on page 3 3 READ COPY FILE MX Download from an DM 1000 10 Check to see if data was loaded 001000 70 01 70 0270 03 70 04 70 05 F8 10 FF FF VERIFY FILE Normal verify returns with prompt SM 1005 FF Deliberately change memory to show verify DM 1000 Verify that O3 was changed to FF 001000 70 01 70 02 70 FF 70 04 70 05 F8 10 FF FF VERIFY 2 COPY FILE MX CN S1111000 03 Displays only nonmatching data bytes RE COPY FILE1 MX SCN Example of file with bad character 511110007001700270 3700470054 8100049 NOT RE COPY FILE2 Example of file with bad checksum 51111000700170027003700470054 8100039 CHKSUM 49 RE COPY FILE Normal read returns with prompt PUNCH 10000 Print S records on console 50010000 51111000700170027003700470054 8100049 Data with address of 1000 59120000 4 End of file OF 1000 Defi
33. f board ROM i e S2 1 off S1 determines the new starting address of the vectors the address translation feature is not desired 51 should be set to all zeros In this case the address appearing on the bus is identical to the processor s address lines The user must not disable this feature unless non volatile and previously set memory resides in the first 8 bytes of memory Switch 2 OFF ON 1 EV Read vectors from Read vectors from OFF BOARD memory ON BOARD ROMS at 51 address 2 XV Enable for ALL Enable ONLY for reset system vectors vectors 3 ROMs vectors Enable ROMs when reading from only address space set by switch 1 4 Unused Unused Summary The possible configurations are 52 1 52 3 Effect OFF OFF Read exception vectors from off board memory starting at S1 address OFF ON Read exception vectors from off board memory and program starting at 51 address from ROM ON OFF Read vectors only from ROM ON ON Read vectors and programs from ROM Program Starts at S1 address For each of these configurations if S2 2 is ON then vectors only means the first two boot vectors otherwise all the system vectors the first 64 are referred to Note that even though the program address space starts at the S1 address you must not overlap the program with the exception vectors If S2 2 is ON then the program can start at location 08H if 52 2 is OFF then the program must start after location OFFH Excep
34. forms a block move enter it with AO Starting address of source 1 Starting address of destination A2 Last address to move 1 0000 32D8 1 1 MOVW A0 A2 MOVE A WORD 0002 B1CA CMPL A2 A0 DONE 00014 6DFA BLTS LP 1 REPEAT 0006 4EFQ 0002 0008 JMP 200D8 RETURN TO MACSBUG This fills a block with a word AO ADDRESS of word to fill with Al Starting address of block A2 Last address of block 1 0000 32D0 LP2 MOVW 06 16 MOVE A WORD 0002 B3CA CMPL A2 A1 DONE 0004 6DFA BLTS LP2 REPEAT 0006 9 0002 0008 JMP 200D8 MACSBUG For testing hardware with scope this repeatedly sends byte to any address could be an I O port Sends the byte in DO to the address pointed to by 0 1080 LP3 MOVB DO A0 60FC BRAS LP3 This reads from the address in AO and puts the result in DO 1010 MOVB 06 00 60FC BRAS All of these routines are relocatable They can be entered into any free area of memory such as 2000 with the MACSBUG OP command The entry parameters can be directly placed in the registers and the routine executed with the G command 19 MACSBUG OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 1 INTRODUCTION This document describes the operation of the MACSbug monitor after it has been installed It includes a complete description of all the commands and examples of its use 2 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE After the CPU 68000 board has been installed as per the manual the user should perform t
35. he following a Turn power ON to the system b Depress the RESET black button The system should initialize and print MACSBUG 1 31 If these two lines do not print out go back and check the CPU 68000 manual Check especially that the terminal and 1 0 board have the same BAUD rates 3 COMMAND LINE FORMAT Commands are entered the same as in most other buffer organized computer systems A standard input routine controls the system while the user types a line of input The delete RUBOUT key or control H will delete the last character entered A control X will cancel the entire line Control D will redisplay the line Processing begins only after the carriage return has been entered During output to the console the control W will suspend the output until another character is entered BREAK key will abort most commands The format of the command line is COmmand parameters options where x is the prompt from the monitor The user does not lt enter this the examples given the lines beginning with this character are lines where the user entered a command is the necessary input for the command Each command has one or two upper case letters necessary in its syntax In the examples the entire command may be used but only those letters in upper case in the syntax definition are necessary mmand is the unnecessary part of the command 1 is given in the syntax definition only to improve read
36. he trace A colon before the prompt indicates a special trace mode is in effect a carriage return will trace the next instruction COMMENTS Example program in memory 001000 70 01 70 02 70 03 70 04 70 05 F8 10 OO FF FF PC 1000 TD PC 1000 00 00 1002 DO 01 PC21004 00 02 T 3 PC 1006 DO 03 PC 1008 00 04 PC 100A DO 05 T TILL 1004 PC 1000 DO 05 PC 1002 00 01 PC 1004 DO 02 Set the program counter Print the trace display Trace one instruction Special prompt appears carriage return will trace the next instruction Trace three instructions Trace till instruction at address 1004 3 13 3 6 10 Offset OFFSET The 68000 instruction set lends itself to relocatability and position independence A general purpose global offset feature has been provided The single offset address applies to all of the commands listed below Registers displayed in the trace display may have the offset subtracted by using R as the format See paragraph 3 6 7 on trace display The offset may be overriden by entering a comma and alternate offset All commands do not use the offset but any number can be forced to be relative have the offset added by entering an R as the last character of the number WARNING This is a very simple offset feature and may not be able to solve complex relocation prob lems The user is encouraged to experiment with the global offset and the window f
37. ne a global offset PUNCHOD O 50010000 Header 1110000700170027003700470054EF8100049 Data with address zero 59120000 4 End of file OF 5423 RE COPY FILE Download with offset DM 1000 Display memory adds offset to parameters 006423 70 01 70 02 70 03 70 04 70 O5 F8 1000 FF FF 3 16 3 6 13 Configure Ports SET TERMINALS There are two serial ports numbered 1 and 2 The following commands may program a specific port or if a port number is not used in the command both ports will be set by the command For port commands shown below may be either 1 for PORT 1 console or 2 for PORT 2 host If the field is left blank the command applies to both ports COMMAND FORMAT FO hex NU hex CR hex TE baud EXAMPLE NUI5 NU NU1 5 NU2 0 TE2 1200 NU NU1 5 NU2 3 CR 1 0 CR2 17 TE 2400 CR CR 2F NU NU 7 NU8 NU NU 8 CR2 FF DESCRIPTION FOrmat initialize ACIA default 15 8 bit words parity 1 stop bit and clock 16 NUII pads nulls sent after each character Carriage return null pads sent after each CR TErminal format set NU and CR null parameters for TI 700 series ter minals BAUD NU CR 110 0 O default 300 0 4 1200 3 17 2400 7 2F NOTE The TE command does not change the hardware BAUD rate Port BAUD rates are changed by switches on the serial 1 0 board COMMENTS Set character n
38. ode A7 4321 Set address register same as US now US Display user stack pointer US 00004321 SS 7FFF Set supervisor stack pointer SR 2000 Set status register to supervisor mode A7 Print A7 which is now the SS register A7 00007F FF 3 5 3 6 2 Display Set Memory MEMORY DISPLAY FORMAT DESCRIPTION DM start end Display Memory in hex and ASCII where start lt end DM start count Where start gt count DM2 start end Send output to PORT 2 SM address data Set Memory to hex SM address ASCII Set Memory to ASCII SM address data N The N as the last character means start a new line the system will prompt with the current address EXAMPLES COMMENTS SM 2000 ABC Set memory to some data SM 2003 4445 46 G Set some more locations DM 2000 2010 Command to dump memory 002000 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ABCDEFG 002010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 4 this version of the command the second number is smaller than the first so it is decoded as a count DM 2003 12 002003 44 45 46 47 OO 00 00 00 00 00 DEFG 002013 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 SM 1000 1 23 456 7890 ABCDE 12345678 Size can be up to 8 characters DM 1000 001000 01 23 04 56 78 90 OA BC DE 12 345678000000 SM 1000 TABLE 0000
39. ola EXORterms use CO to home the cursor If this is put in it will give the effect of a stationary trace display TRAP ERROR is the general message given when an unexpected trap occurs Nearly all of the low vec tors including the user traps interrupts divide by zero etc are initialized during the reset to point to this simple error routine No attempt is made to decipher which trap happened but the user s regis ters are saved The system usually retrieves the right program counter from the supervisor stack but some exception traps push additional information on to the stack and the system will get the pro gram counter from the wrong place It is recommended that the user s program reinitialize all unused vectors to his own error handler The REad command may have problems in some configurations No attempt is made to control the equipment sending the information When the system recognizes the end of a line it must process the buffer fast enough to be able to capture the first character of the next line Normally the system can download from an EXORciser at 9600 BAUD If the system is naying problems it might be worth while to experiment with lower BAUD rates The REad and PUnch used with cassette systems may also have speed problems Typically the cassette can record faster than the console can print The user may have to switch null padding profiles with the TErminal command when recording or reading a tape
40. on board for up to 8K of ROM This ROM can be used for program storage or exception vectors or both Control Configured as bus master provides TMA proto col per IEEE 696 Provides automatic 8 16 bit data path selection requires 16 bit memory for program execution Provides 64k programmable 1 0 space Machine Cycle Time Standard S 100 cycle 750nS min Fast Mode 500nS min Memory Speed Memory must have data on the bus no later than 450 nS after address is valid on bus Status Indicators RUN Green LED HALT Red LED HOLD Yellow LED PC board High quality epoxy solder masked both sides screened component legend plated through holes gold plated edge connector fingers Sockets Provided for all IC s Power Consumption 950 mA nominal at 5 V User Selectable Options Hardware relocatable boot and exception vectors AO line of address bus may be asserted for high byte or low byte Phantom line asserted while in USER mode for example disk controller may be disabled while not in SYSTEM mode Booting the CPU 68000 with Macsbug CPU 68000 comes with the Maesbug monitor installed in the on board ROM sockets The monitor is factory configured for use with a Godbout Interfacer I serial I O board If the CPU 68000 is ordered with the Interfacer and CMEM memory cards then the system can be brought up immediately Set the dip switches on the CPU 68000 Interfacer and CMEM cards as shown in figures 1 2
41. r a breakpoint Clear all breakpoints Print the trace display Put a register in the display Take all registers out of the display Set all registers to appear in the display Set register blocks or line separator Trace one instruction Trace the specified number of instructions Trace until this address Carriage return trace one instruction Define the global offset Convert decimal number to hex Convert hex to decimal Calculate offset or displacement Expect to receive S records Check memory against S records Print S records tape image Program initialize an ACIA Set character null pads Set carriage return null pads Set terminal null pads to default values JSR to user utility routine Enter transparent mode Transmit command to host The BREAK key will abort most commands The control A key ends transparent mode The control D key redisplays the line The control H key deletes the last character entered PAGE 3 5 3 6 3 7 3 9 3 10 3 11 3 12 3 13 3 14 3 15 3 16 3 17 control W key suspends output until another character is entered The control X key cancels the entire line The RUBOUT key deletes the last character entered The DEL key deletes the last character entered 3 4 3 6 1 Set and Display Registers REGISTER DISPLAY 68000 REGISTER MNEMONICS DESCRIPTION DO D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 Data registers 1 2 4 5 6 7 Address registers PC Program counter SR Sta
42. r with index and displacement COMMENTS Define a window Enter a value for the address register Print the effective address of a window Set memory through the window Command to print memory through the window Display a line of memory 002000 00 08 73 42 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0000 sB 100 A6 10 A6 D2 100104 10 A4 EXAMPLES W3 4 2000 4 46 2000 87342 3 M3 00087342 DM 2000 TD CLEAR PC 2 1 PC 00A2 A6 002000 M3 42 w3 2 A6 TD M3 2 TD 00 2 A6 002000 M3 0008 WO 1 10 A6 WO WO 1 10 A6 20B2 W3 0 2 002000 Clear all registers from the trace display Define some registers for the display Command to print the trace display NOTE W3 4 and M3 1 only lowest byte displayed Change width of window Change width of display Define a new window PC A6 10 Print effective address of window WO Close window W3 undefine it Closed undefined windows are not in the display 3 9 3 6 6 GO and Breakpoints COMMAND FORMAT Go Go address Go TILL address BR BR address BR address BR address count BR CLEAR EXAMPLES see example program on page 3 3 PC 1000 TD CLEAR 2 DO 1 TD PC 1000 00 00 G TILL 1008 PC 1008 00 04 BR 1002 G PC 1002 00 01 BR 1008 4 BR BRKPTS 1002 1008 4 G PC 1000 00
43. system reliability system integrity DUAL SYSTEMS CONTROL CORPORATION 2530 San Pablo Avenue Berkeley CA 94702 415 549 3854 TELEX 172029 SPX CPU 68000 USER S MANUAL 68000 BASED CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT BOARD FOR THE 696 5 100 BUS Dual Systems Control Corp 2530 San Pablo Avenue Berkeley CA 94702 COPYRIGHT 9 1982 BY DUAL SYSTEMS CONTROL CORP ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Rev B Dual Introduction Systems 68000 User s Manual Table of Contents Specifications Booting with On Board ROM Address Bus Data Bus TMA Control the E Interrupt Modes Appendix Appendix D Selecting ROMS 54 2 5 25 6 5 6 6 Details 5 100 interface Special Configurations A Few Programs 12 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 INTRODUCTION The Dual Systems CPU 68000 high performance CPU board combining the Motorola MC68000 chip the logic circuitry necessary for interfacing to the S 100 bus in full compliance with
44. tion Vector Assignment Space SP Q Illegal Instruction 48 030 SD _ Unassigned reserved 3 50 Unassigned reserved oigmpieisisls 2 fis fa 00 gt 2 2 2 e E wN N e21 A o Of Oo MHOC amp 26 104 068 SD Level 2 Interrupt Autovector 27 108 06C SD Level 3 Interrupt Autovector Level 4 Interrupt Autovector 29 116 074 SD Level 5 Interrupt Autovector M nn tese 3 Level 7 Interrupt Autovector _ 32 47 128 080 IEEE BOLA a 64 255 256 100 SD User interrupt Vectors cs Ae oq ee lc 1 Vector numbers 12 through 23 and 48 through 63 are reserved for future enhancements Motorola No user peripheral devices should be assigned these numbers Figure 4 Exception Vector Assignment Level 1 interrupt autovector VI5 Level 2 interrupt autovector VI4 Level 3 interrupt autovector VI3 Level interrupt autovector VI2 Level 5 interrupt autovector VI1 Level 6 interrupt autovector VIO Level 7 interrupt autovector NMI The SYSTEM vectors are vector numbers 0 through 63 at addresses 0 through OFF 255 10 What happens Power Up After power up the 68000 loads the system stack pointer and program counter from the first two exception v
45. tus register condition codes SS Supervisor stack pointer 7 supervisor mode US User stack pointer A7 in user mode FORMATS DESCRIPTION reg hexdata Put a hex value into register reg ascii data Put ASCII value into register reg Print register value and take in new value reg Print register value class where class D or A Print values of all registers in the class class Cycle through all registers in the class printing old value and requesting new value EXAMPLES COMMENTS A5 123 Set address register A5 to hex value 123 A5 Command to print the value of register A5 A5 00000123 Computer response DAFFFFFF Set a data register DO Command to print old value and take in new value 00 00000000 45FE Computer prompts with old value new value entered D Command to cycle through all data registers 00 000045 9EAB3 Change value of register DO from 45FE to 9EAB3 D1 00000000 CR Carriage return null line means the value remains the same 02 00000000 CR D3 00000000 CR D4A OOFFFFFF 2 CR 05 00000000 55555 Change register D5 to a new value 06 00000000 CR 07 00000000 CR D Display all data registers 00 0009 01 00000000 D2 00000000 D3 00000000 D4 O0FFFFFF D5 00055555 D6 00000000 D7 00000000 PC Display and request input for program counter PC 0008B3 2561 Set the program counter to new value SRO Set status register to zero user m
46. ull padding on PORT 1 to 5 nulls Print out current NU parameters Zero is the default at system restart Set PORT 2 to 3 character nulls and 17 CR nulls Print null parameters the NU and CR parameters for PORT 2 were set by the TE2 command Change both ports to 2400 baud null pattern Print the CR parameters If both ports have the same parameter one number is printed Change null values for both ports When port specified both ports are changed Send FF nulls to PORT 2 host after every carriage return this is the max imum value 3 17 3 6 14 The CALL Command and Adding Commands to MACSbug CALL There are two ways for the user to add commands The simplest way is for the user to write the new command as a subroutine which ends with an RTS The user can then use the command This command does not affect the user s registers and is not to be confused with the GO command The user may use a symbol as the command parameter instead of an absolute starting address Reg isters and point to the start and end of the 1 0 BUFFER see RAM equate file listing paragraph 3 11 so the user may pass additional parameters on the command line COMMAND FORMAT DESCRIPTION address JSR to user subroutine routine ends with RTS EXAMPLE COMMENTS CALL 3000 23 45 ZZ JSR to user routine at location 3000 note that 23 45 amp ZZ may be additional parameters that the user s subroutine will decode and are ignored by
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