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1. KC901S Chart 3 1B Connection of Two Cables If many series cables in different locations appear in on system a one time series calibration is suitable When testing a power amplifier connect an attenuator with the output port in series to avoid damage If it is a little signal amplifier connecting an attenuator with the input port in series is imperative to avoid strong signal Before that kind of measurement it is suggested that all the attenuators should be connected with cables in series to operate calibration Follow the hints of ReCAL in function menu to start user calibration If frequency is changed after calibration the system calibration parameters are automatically used 3 5 Calibration before 11 Measurement Although there are many display modes in S11 function only one calibration is necessary because the same data is being shared in all modes It is necessary to operate user calibration in following cases 1 In acceptance measurements for important antennas for example antennas of radio and TV emission stations 2 Failing to be connected to KC901S the port under measurement 20 should be linked with extra cable After calibration please check whether the curves are in the proper position in the open circuit and loading In VSWR mode the curve Should be higher than 10 in open circuits and it should be lower than 1 2 with standard load of 50 Ohms with good quality Notice
2. Keyboard s Functions at Level One Chart 2 2 Button Functions CENT Setting scan central frequency SPAN Setting scan width frequency span MODE Entering function selection menu Repeated pressing means shift between function selection menu and function menu FUNC Entering system setup and exiting system setup STOP RUN Stopping Scanning and Starting scanning ty Equal of rotating knobs with larger stepper MARK Entering the cursor function menu AMP Adjusting reference level trajectory position 9 and range at signal source function POWER Power button SHIFT Starting functions at level two Chart 2 2 Keyboard s Functions at Level Two Chart 2 2 Keystroke Combinations Functions 2 2 Measuring Ports SHIFT CENT Setting starting frequency SHIFT SPAN Setting stopping frequency SHIFT LOCAL Disconnecting from the computer and forcibly switching to the local operating system SHI EF T FUNC Resetting to defaults SHIFT STOP RUN Switching to single scan Under this circumstance each pressing on STOP RUN means scanning once SHIFT 1 Saving data into the memory card SHIFT 2 Reading curves and settings from the memory card SHIFT 4 Adjusting screen brightness SHIFT 5 Adjusting RF output amplitude SHIFT 6 Key notification tone on off SHIFT ENTER Locking the keyboard and knobs Chart 2 3 Th
3. In the far end calibration of external cable if electric length of the external cable is longer than the half of STEP wavelength scan points should be increased or SPAN should be reduced before calibration For example 3MHz stepping equals to 100m wavelength and the external cable is not longer than 35m electric length the actual cable length speed factor Select Re CAL under S11 mode and follow the steps given 3 6 Reflection Standard S11 adopts SOL calibration so three standard implements are needed Short Open and Fictitious load During the calibration these three are considered ideal KC901S looks for distinctions between ideal Value and actual value describing all errors with equations Therefore the three standard implements should be as close to ideal conditions as possible KC951011 KC951012 is a commonly used standard implement offered by Kexinshe Users can choose other proper standard implements being aware that the terminal effect should be small because of no compensation provided by KC901S The nominal electric length of KC951011 12 is zero Type the actual electric length in FUNC if you want to use the offset calibrator Connect the standard to the equipment with all the effort If use Torque wrench Proposed torque is 135N cm standard load is a valuable accessory Careful using properly keeping and regular checking should be done Before calibration please check and clean the connectors preventing damage to
4. OT O1 O1 DDD AD DMO PO PO PY PY PH PY PY PO PH PX Po WWW WWW W W EHP HSPHH HL oR WPF Contents ntroduction Installation guide How to choose batteries How to Install Batteries 1 Lee 1 3 How to mount shoulder Strap 4 How to carry and hold Quick guide Power switch and keyboard Measuring ports Auxiliary ports Function description Adjust operating state Local oscillation mode Set the basic testing parameter Filed strength mode setting 9 Insertion loss mode 10 Data storage and firmware update 11 Procedure how to update firmware oN oan AUNE User calibration and preparations Overview Calibration modes Calibration operation Calibration before S21 measurement Calibration before S11 measurement Reflection standard Cable Compensation NO OBR WM he Common measurement methods Quick adjustment of duplexer Antenna measurement Measuring electric length of cable Spectrum Detecting interference source Maintenance 1 How to clean screen keyboard and ports 2 Other matters needing attention Technical notes 1 Measuring principle 2 Charging time and time of endurance 3 Technical parameters WO CON O11 OO A e 4 WO SH OY ol oT A Gee oO W CO 21 21 24 24 27 31 32 33 Introduction KC901S is a multimeter for radio frequency that supports both vector network analysis of one port and scalar network analysis of two ports With extensional functions of spect
5. You can speed up the speed by using fast gear but the accuracy will be reduced obviously In this time the top right corner of the screen will shows this sign to notice the user that the measurement is not accurate In the mode menu of S21 mode you can switch the range of horizontal and the vertical coordinate by choosing the dB div options 2 8 Filed Strength Mode Setting The actual measurement is the level of input port By inputting the electrical level and calculating antenna factor the field value will be got Antenna factor is mainly relevant with frequency and antenna gain The equipment should get the antenna gain in order to know the accurate reading of field After enter the FIELD mode the user should press ANT GAIN on the right side Firstly Select and then input the antenna gain on numeric keyboard The item in the middle decides the refresh time of reading in levels of FAST MIDDLE and SLOW MIDDLE is recommended The refresh time of Table S not disturbed by the setting is used to observe instantaneous changes of signal intensity Warning KC901S is a network analyzer which does not prevent the reveal of local oscillation When it is used to observe spatial frequency spectrum and field strength local oscillation signal will flow backwards to receiving antenna The strength may arrive 10dBm and the frequency will be 45MHz higher or lower as the receiving frequency Consider consequences caused by
6. Cable length velocity factor Cable attenuation is estimated based on the attenuation at unit length presented in technical manual and cable length The two items above are both single pass parameters Cable deduction is employed in low frequency under 30MHz If conditions permit operate user calibration on cable s far side because the equipment can eliminate the influence of a cable if a user calibration is done first 4 2 3 Antenna Impedance Measurement KC901S works out the impedance of antenna by measuring amplitude difference and phase difference of incidence signal and reflection Signal Because both amplitude difference and phase difference are related to feeder operate user calibration in the feeder s far side unless antenna is directly connected with the equipment The impedance is greatly affected by installation of antenna During measurement make the installation condition get as close to 28 operating environment as possible For antennas installed in interphones and routers shells should be contained during measurement Antenna of router should be measured together with the mainframe Firstly the original cable is cut from inside of router Secondly add a measuring cable for the antenna Thirdly the side close to antenna passes through magnetic ring For example measuring in calibration these parts of cables should be contained At low frequency if cable is not include in calibration set cable s
7. MODE is used to select function The equipment shifts between function menu and function selection menu by using MODE a couple of times In most cases MODE equal to HOME turns the screen back to the function menu or function selection menu so it is frequently used The typical application of Reflection Measurement S11 is measuring the standing wave of antenna The right port should be chosen Reflectometer is a kind of vector function with various display modes selected in FORMAT menu In Smith Chart and impedance display the second soft menu from the left provides more display modes Access press MODE and then select S11 FORMAT in the soft menu decides the display mode of measuring result The typical application of S21 is measuring amplitude frequency characteristics of filter or amplifier and gains of antenna The right RF port is to output signal and the left one is to input Access MODE and then press S21 Insertion Loss Measurement is a special type of transfer measurement characterized by high respond speed As a result it applies to the fine tuning of filter and measurement gains of antenna In order to keep consistence with the operating habits of ordinary receivers the entry into Insertion Lost Measurement is set in Field mode Access firstly MODE and then press FIELD finally press Insertion to make GEN ON appear The typical application of SPEC is monitoring the occupancy and the
8. O A O C TX R X a Fe F3 F4 FS HIGH W een sean wave Fuc sr SAVE READ Se a a ARI AMP 4 5 Oo C 3 9 PwR SHIFT 0 Erer Duplexer bbs kechuang org oop i oO H H O I Chart 4 1 Example for Connection Method of Duplexer Measurement Adjust the three screws near the TX port to move the trough to marki indicated position until they overlap Then take turns to slightly adjust screws under the supervision of S indication until the reading is the minimum the maximum negative Normally the reading should reach or exceed 60dB At this moment mark1 means the HIGH isolation ratio and mark2 means the HIGH insertion loss Connect the output port of KC901S to ANT port of duplexer connect the in port to the RX port and connect the fictitious load to the TX port Adjust the three screws near the RX port to move the trough to mark2 indicated position until they overlap smoothly Then repeatedly adjust the three screws from center to RX side until the mark2 indication is the minimum the maximum negative Normally the reading should reach 60dB If necessary reset the CENT REF of the equipment and reduce span 25 so that the new frequency curve can be partially enlarged Adjust the markl 2 position more accurately and at the mean time connect measuring cable with straight through connector to go on with S21 through calibration Reconnect the output port of equipment to TX port of duplex
9. We are willing to take your suggestions To the full extent of the law KECHUANG and MEASALL is not responsible for the loss beyond the prize of KC901S under any circumstances We take no responsibility for any indirect loss and losses in terms of time business inconvenience profit and abuse Maintenance replacement or returning product and refund are the only remedial measures we can take Kexinshe only take responsibility for the product within the guarantee period Under any circumstances we do not guarantee its applicability 3 reliability and security for purposes of commerce industry and military We do not admit any promise made by dealers Please read technical instruction Support communities bbs kechuang org hellocq net Informal function The lasted version can be downloaded in measall com KeChuang Instrument Association is a scientific research community which is hosted by KeChuang Institute It s a department that developed KC901S KeChuang Institute has given authority to Sichuan Kexinshe Ltd Co to take charge of the production of KC901S At the same time it s responsible for the Domestic distribution of KC901S KeChuang Institute has given authority to Guangdong Deepace Science and Technology Ltd to take char ge of the international distribution of KC901S Except the extra declarations KeChuang Institute has all copyright of KC901S s software and hardware The product of the tool chain the
10. button to enter the system setting screen In this screen there is a program called Cable s relevant Parameters In this program input the result according what is mentioned above into Cable Length Cable Attenuation means the one way attenuation of the feeding antenna in Cable Frequency The best way to test the cable attenuation is testing it with S21 function Since you are in the Situation which is not able to do the calibration on the other side usual ly you can t test it with S21 In this case you need to input the data which offered by cable s factory Of course you also can measure it with S11 function during remote open circuit If the curve fluctuates then take the crest with the less attenuation which is nearby the final expecting tested frequency Pay attention that the reading should be divided by 2 When you don t know Cable Attenuation set it as 0 Once you set the Cable s relevant Parameter the instrument will try to eliminate the influence of the cable according it After the testing 1t will clear the parameters in time to avoid the mistakes which are leaded by forgetting to clear the parameters 22 3 8 Necessary Preparations 3 7 1 Check up battery power before brings the apparatus on the go Start up KC901S to observe voltage If voltage gt 8 0V it means that the rest power is more than a half It is strongly advised to set auto power off in case that the battery runs
11. difference are got after the positive and negative signals enter two receivers separately via double conversion to phase demodulation and detection circuit Adopting counting method to do digital phase distinguishing KC901S measures amplitude with logarithmic detector All data about S11 is got from phase difference and amplitude difference 37 When S21 is measured Signal source still output from port 3 via the bridge but no detection is taken before it passes through DUT Next the signal inputs into port 1 to undergoing a frequency conversion and an IF amplification The absolute value of level is got via amplitude wave detector The result of transmission measurement is got after a comparison between testing data and calibration data transmission data recorded by KC901S In AF SOURCE function DDS is directly used to output AF signal KC901S adopts digital synthesizer with clock frequency of 400MHz so AF SOURCE function is able to generate signal over 50MHz and Supports FM with guaranteeing index 6 2 Charging Time and Time of Endurance The rated charging current of the batteries is 1A The battery capacity determines charging time A commercial battery with the maximum capacity of 3 4Ah the charging time will be 4 2x3 47h if four are installed If two batteries with a capacity of 2 2Ahm the charging time will be 2 5h KC901S automatically stops charging once the single cell voltage is 4 2V and the total voltage is 8 4V When t
12. interference from IF frequency feed through If the concerned span is too narrow set CENT and SPAN according 32 to need Set AMP based on intensity of the signal under measurment AMP lt 40dBm when searching for weak signal Unless conditions permit Scan piece by piece in narrow span 4 5 Detecting Interference Source In bands no interfered by mirror image use KC901S with directional antenna to detect interference source by oto method After entering spectrum mode set center at frequencies probably interfered Span is set at small value like 1MHz When interference is weak REF should be set to 60dBm Do not stop Adjusting direction of antenna and polarization mode to detect interference signal until the most obvious bulge emerges in the center of spectra After measuring the directional azimuth angle of antenna by magnetic compass trace out directional line In the Same way get another line at another point The intersection point of two lines is likely to be where the source locates e AAA R rien 6 a Sinn S aq E ne INO EEN oe z Directional angle 1507771 S cho osing a nigh etesting point 7 A Hy ag ks Xe pin A NA x N TR Wag fas ZAK wv y Hf oe a gt p EA f i ni l TIA XG NIAI X A e in Js ag DA earing 1 Chart 4 4 An example of cross location and diagramming method Preserve an angle of 60 120 degree close to 60 degree between the linking line of two measuring po
13. of the fracture of 6 interior cables Step 3 Slightly uplift the cover and then turn the left Step 4 Install batteries The positive poles direct towards the RF connector If only two batteries are installed please put them the left most side and the right most side position 1 and 2 in Chart Loe Step 5 check the cable plug and any deviation is not allowed Step 6 Close the chassis in reverse order Press POWER to check If nothing unusual occurs twist screws 1 3 How to Mount Shoulder Strap There are mounting points in the tail and in the top so mounting on the both sides is allowed If the user need to use KC901S when carrying mounting the strap in the tail is preferred Chart 1 3 Battery Installment Unwind the strap and remove it from the plastic fasteners thread it through the mounting points and lock in the plastic fasteners 7 Warning The standard strap is appropriate in usual occasions Extra preventing falling measures should be taken when working at heights like towers or ladders 1 4 How to carry and hold After the strap is adjusted to an appropriate length the user slings it over his neck or wearing it straightly over the shoulder If KC901S is used in movement it is suggested that the user hangs it upside down The strap should be shorten and slung diagonally over the shoulder when running with it to prevent injury to the body KC901S is designed to be held with left hand and be handling w
14. out For long hour s outdoor work either a charger or a vehicle power supply connector should be used In wildness an external battery pack is needed 3 7 2 KC9O1S should be carried with a waterproof suitcase to prevent from rain and water The specialized suitcase for KC901S is advised 3 7 3 Proper attenuator should be prepared for measuring transmitter and amplifier When the measured signal exceeds the limit attenuator must be connected in series 3 7 4 When testing an antenna ina place with lots of other antennas a terminal wattmeter is used to measure inductive power of the antenna which should not be more than 0 1W Many times several sets of antennas are concentrated on the same tower inducing strong transmit power through space coupling Too strong RF power induced from the antenna under measurement are bound to burn down the equipment 3 7 5 If short wave antennas are erected near high voltage lines and sub stations the measured induced voltage should not be more than 15V AC check with multimeter It is strongly suggested that the shield of coaxial line should be grounded nearby 3 7 6 If RF Signal of circuit board is measured by a probe outside protective shield of measuring cable should be connected with ground of the circuit It is dangerous to do suspension measurement that may burn out KC901S and board under measurement 3 7 7 KC901S can be used during charging but measuring active devices should be avoided If
15. the measurement is inevitable an equipotential bonding between ground of KC901S and ground of DUT is needed to avoid damage to DUT and the equipment 3 7 8 The standard strap is only suitable for general use Firm safety rope and packing bag should be prepared for working at heights to avoid accidental falling Setting a warning region below the tower when someone works on it 23 Chapter Four Common Measurement Methods 4 1 Quick Adjustment of Duplexer A duplexer is an important part of a repeater The insertion loss and isolation ratio of a duplexer are directly relative to the overall function of a repeater KC90IS can provide an isolation of exceeding 100db operation range under regular VHF UHF frequency band conditions and a duplexer can be adjusted at its optimum state under the supervision of KC9OIS Prepared accessories for usage A fictitious load 502 2 RF Cables and necessary RF connector assembly It is preferred to fix the KC901S on the workbench Adjustment tools socket wrench with center hole screwdriver Fix the be adjusted diplexer on the workbench if possible Special setting employ intermediate speed or high speed FUNC Speed in initial adjustment Employ low speed or insertion loss mode in precise adjustment of notch points Here is an introduction of adjustment steps by taking six cavity duplexer as an example that works on the principle of notch filter Adjust the KC901S to S21 mode and adjust the cen
16. the sending signal and take some measures for protection Always switch unit off or press stop to prevent other systems from RFI when you have finished measurements 2 9 Insertion Loss Mode Insertion loss is the system of single frequency point of S21 It is an essential measurement of S21 whereas only a single point frequency is measured After entering the FIELD test mode Insertion on the right of the menu means starting signal input To select GEN ON into the display of insertion loss measurement On the left of the screen the user will see that the reading is still an absolute level value While on the right it has been relative value Connecting the RF port with measuring cable the user selects AUTO CAL to adjust the relative level value into zero Next the user links testing cable to the measured device Now the reading on the right side is the value of insertion loss 2 10 Data Storage and firmware update Plug in TF Micro SD card to save data Some times The card size has to be below 4 Gb and it has to be formatted in Fat 16 In measuring function press SHIFT 1 to save current screen capture Save measuring results and settings in numerical table When the computer is connected with a USB cable KC901S will be a virtual USB flash stick Under such a circumstance the computer takes over SD card therefore data can not be saved while the computer is connected Under S11 mode SIP format file as well as all or
17. 7dBm or 1u V 300KHz 1GHz superior to 87dBm or 10nV 1 2 2GHZz Damaged level all the RF ports DC15V 20dBm measuring range of S21 typical value 100dB 1MHzZ 500MHz about 60dB in 100KHz 70dB 500MHz 3GHz Resolution Frequency is IHz level is 0 01 dB phase is 0 01 Level uncertainty Typical value 25C battery voltage 27 5V 1 5dB spectrum measurement REF 20dBm 3dB spectrum mode and field mode 0 3 0 05L dB Cin S21 measurement when calibration is directly connected and insertion loss L lt 60dB 0 05dB zero adjustment drift of insertion loss mode 5 min warm up every hour 1dB 3dB loss SOL calibration 3dB amp RL lt 25dB Absolute directionality typical value inferior to about 90 interval superior to little interval 39 18dB 3MHz 15MHz 2GHz 3GHz 20dB 15MHz 2GHz Relative directionality When SOL calibration is done and directivity of calibrating device is superior to 48dB 45dB 3MHz 2 5GHz 25dB 1MHz 3MHz 2 5GHz 3GHz 20dB 300KHz 1MHz Phase uncertainty 1lmin warm up continuous mode 2 3MHz 1GHz 50 1GHz 2 5GHz 1MHZz 3MHz 8 2 5GHZz 3GHz 300KHz 1MHz Internal bridge directionality typical value 18dB 3MHz 15MHz 1 5GHz 3GHz 30dB 15MHz 1 5GHz Frequency stability tlppm year 25 C Supply voltage 11 5V 32VCexternal power 7 2 8 4V battery 105V 230V 50 60Hz power adapter input Battery endurance typical value 25 C 7hourstspectrum field signal sour
18. background noise differs in modes the priority is the lower one Local oscillation mode selection does not help below 100MHz Notice Factory calibrations of SPEC S21 FIELD are operated under the high local oscillation mode Under the low oscillation mode a small measuring error may occur 2 7 Set the Basic Testing Parameter To set the central frequency you should press the CENT button and input it with the number keyboard If the new frequency is nearby the current frequency you can also use the hand wheel or the buttons on the keyboard to adjust it To set the sweep width please press the SPAN button Use the combination key SHIFT CENT so you can set the start frequency START Use the combination key SHIFI SPAN so you can set the cut off frequency STOP To adjust the reference frequency and the up down location of regulation curve you should press the AMP button then adjust it with the hand wheel or pressing the buttons The curve of S11 function can t be adjusted The setting of the sweep point is the SWEEP POINT option which is in FUNC menu In usual case please set it as 450 point Usually it doesn t need to be changed The instrument will choose it automatically according the The suitable frequency step STEP The setting of sweeping speed is in FUNC menu It s divided into 3 gears which are fast medium and slow Usually we use medium gear
19. ce Shours S21 or S11 includes insertion loss test 20hours in STOP mode Screen brightness is 10 Temperature range 30 65C external power source depend on temperature characteristics of battery when using battery power no condensation and no frosting Size 200x114x46mm length width height weight including battery Net weight of host lt 1 2kg Total weight 2 0kg Notes All indexes are measured in low speed mode and zero attenuation of output Some unusual data points may go beyond technical parameter chart 40
20. components and its attached firmware which are supplied by the third part are authorized being used by Kexinshe The copyright of the operation system is owned by KeChaung Institute The H logo of KeChuang and the KCSA logo which are stylized are the registered trademarks of Ke Chuang Institute KeXinShe is authorized the use of them Kexinshe is the registered trademark of KeX inShe Ltd Chapter One Installation Guide KC901S does not have batteries installed when it leaves the factory The battery will be installed either by the dealer or by the user Before the battery is installed please supply power with power adapter and begin start up inspection If KC901S functions normally shut it down and pull out the power adapter and then install the batteries 1 1 How to choose batteries Lithium ion batteries apply to KC901S For a single battery the charging cut off voltage is 4 2V and the discharging cut off voltage is 2 6V The voltage rating is 3 6 3 7V batteries are connected in two parallels and two series The power management circuit has the functions of overcharge protection over discharge protection balance protection and short circuit protection The battery compartment are appropriate for cylindric lithium batteries with a diameter of 18mm and a length of 65mm also known as 18650 cell The batteries must meet the industry demands Although KC901S works on two or four batteries four batteries ar
21. de another one FIELD mode this helps to build a single frequency point scalar net measurement system used in the setting of 2 far distant antennas Of course the one KC901S for transmit can be replaced by a transceiver of good Stability If broader measurement range is needed in other S21 measurements two KC901Ss can be controlled by one computer 4 3 Measuring Electric Length of Transmission Line KC90IS precisely measures the electric length of transmission line terminal in short circuit or open circuit In S11 mode take a smooth and periodic part of curve to measure frequency difference A A of a circle of phase shifting in PHASE display The electric length ArX 2 Certainly the electric length AA phase shifting of 180 4 Additionally the electric length can be got from the frequency difference of double 360 phase shifting E KC901S 11 E BDSAAA 7 47V 23 00 634 7 CENT 435 000000MHZ SPAN 250 000000 MHZ Chart 4 5 Measuring Electric Length in Phase Frequency Characteristic Besides deal with the derivatives based on the stored data on computer to get group delay In this way electric length will be calculated Take narrower SPAN or more scan points to avoid phase aliasing Take SPAN as narrow as possible to make the curve experience one 31 or two periods in order to get a higher range resolution It is necessary to operate user calibration on the edge of transmission line when connecting transmission line under test
22. e preferred The rated charging current of KC901S is 1A If two batteries are put in for a single battery the peak charging current is 1 2A and the peak discharging current is 1 5A If four batteries are put in the current will be a little higher than half of that The batteries must be the same type and simultaneously produced from the same batch Before they are put in the voltage of every battery should be basically the same and the difference should not be higher than 50mV Otherwise the batteries should be equalizing charged or discharged prior to using The usage of batteries should be based on the instruction General Speaking low temperature resistant batteries are used in winter When the ambient temperature is over 45 C the battery temperature will be higher than 65 C due to the heat produced by the circuit Therefore it is necessary to choose high temperature resistant batteries 1 2 How to Install Batteries Tools needed a hexagon screwdriver with the diameter of 2mm Step 1 put KC901S flatwise on the workbench and take out the two screws from the tail Chartl 1 MVC y ay A ZATZ Chart 1 1 Step 1 Step 2 Pull the chassis from keyboard to tail for 2cm Chart 1 2 Hold two sides of the upper chassis with fingers and meanwhile pull the RF joints It is a good idea to knock the tail in the lower chassis when difficulty occurs as Chart 1 2 Step 2 Do not overexert and pull less then 4cm in case
23. electric length to deduce its influence At high frequency for example 2400MHz it is not a reliable solution 4 2 4 Measurement for Antenna Gain and Antenna Pattern Utilizing the function of S21 Cor insertion loss of KC90I1S together with another set of antenna to obtain the horizontal antenna pattern or back ration If there is another set of known gain antenna then the antenna gain can be measured Measuring environment black room or standard measuring locations A level open area the size should be larger than 20 times of the wavelength For the antenna of over UHF frequency range smooth and level rooftop can also be the measuring environment Equipments 2 antenna supports one has a rotary table if the condition is limited rotate the antenna support manually The height of the antenna supporters should suit to the designed usage conditions of antenna By principle the height should be longer than the 2 times of working wavelength It is better if the distance between the two antenna supports is larger than 10 times of the working wavelength For example the very long working wavelength of antennas of short wave it is allowable to appropriately decrease the distance between the two antenna supporters If necessary take more times of tests by changing the distance and take the average number to eliminate the impacts cause by ground reflection According to the distance between the two antenna supporters prepare ling enoug
24. er and then link the in port to ANT port finally connect the fictitious load to the RX port Next repeatedly adjust the three screws from middle to TX side to keep the markl minimum reading Normally the reading should exceed 0dB good quality duplexer can reach 90dB At this moment the S reading of Mark2 means the insertion loss of duplexer transmit signals KC901S 21 E BDSAAA 7 49V 22 52 633 5 AMP 13 High Lo GENT 439 200000SPAN 20 000000 SYS CAL Hold J dB div J Lo Mode J ReCAL CAL Select Chart 4 2 Typical curve of LOW side of duplexer uncompensated cable loss Connect the output port of KC901S to ANT port then connect the fictitious load to the TX port Slightly adjust the three screws near the RX side to keep the mark2 minimum reading Normally the reading should be less than 70dB Read the S reading of markl which means the insertion loss of duplexer transmit signals Please switch local oscillation mode choosing the lowest way in the curve bottom Adopt different local oscillation modes when measuring both parts of the duplexer Sometimes the two sides reading data of duplexer affect with each other so it is necessary to adjust the three crews repeatedly until the restrain reading data reach or exceed 70dB 26 Do not adjust the restrain curve of the duplexer into a too sharp shape Reduce SPAN to IMHz observe the bottom of the curve the width should exceed 100 KHz If the curve is too sharp the c
25. ere are three measuring ports in KC901S Two of them are external RF ports and the other is AF port The most right one is the output port of frequency sweep signal source The most left one is the input port of tracking receiver The other RF port inside has been connected to standard load that is replaceable Konb Output port Input port R S sitik Output port S11 RF GEN S21 SPEC S21 FIELD eng AF GEN Chart 2 4 The Top ports 10 Referring to Chart 2 4 Port 1 Port 2 and Port 3 are from the left to the right The interfaces of N are precision so more attention should be paid to protecting these ports especially S11 in the most right Careful examination and repair are expected done before well made connectors are linked However it is useless to connect Switch overs that reduces accuracy The ports are designed to be pulled and plugged for 500 times Replace them with new ones as soon as the life ends in case that vector measurement is affected 2 3 Auxiliary Ports There are three interfaces in the right as following Power input data interface and SD card interface chart 2 5 Micro SD card Micro USB fF hh Power input FaR H Ji i E Chart 2 5 The Right Interfaces 2 4 Function Description Six basic functions of KC9OI1S reflection test S11 Transmission test S21 spectral view SPEC filed intensity FILED RF source RF SOURCE audio frequency source AF SOURCE
26. essons from practical performance after installing repeater in the first adjustment Connect in tandem an attenuator around 10dB in the input port to improve the match Increase output attenuation SHIFI Po AlT to 10 or 20dB which is helpful to reduce influences on measuring results by non linearity 4 2 Antenna measurement Warning It 18 possible Tor the output port af KC90IS to a maximal outputs 27 10dBm 10mW KC9O1S transmits the output into the air in antenna measurement Po ATT increased can reduce emission but Re CAL should be done 4 2 1 SWR Measurement for antenna The equipment should be adjusted to S11 mode to test an antenna in VSWR Format Settle down center and span the operator should be away from antenna The SWR of an antenna can be affected by the surround environment So it is better to choose a wide outdoor field such as a rooftop The cable length of the instrument to antenna feeder should be as short as possible or disconnect the feeder from antenna and Contain the feeder to calibrate with cable 4 2 2 Cable Deduction In measuring antenna occasionally calibration can not be done on th port of antenna so the influence from feeders can not be automatically dispelled On this occasion reflection parameters of antenna send the condition of cable to KC901S the equipment deduces cables In FUNC menu there are two set items cable electric length and cable attenuation Cable electric length
27. h cables try to keep the equipment and tester a distance more than 10 times of wavelength form antenna Besides to be tested antenna prepare another kKnown antenna gain antenna for reference Method Install measuring antenna and to be measured antenna on the Supporters Chart 4 3 At first make certain direction of to be measured antenna predict the main flap direction or mark a direction aim at the measuring antenna then set the apparatus S21mode and input measuring frequency Normally choose the smaller 29 span such as 1MHz Furthermore calibrate the apparatus turn the curve sheet into zero Next rotate the to be measured antenna with a certain angle at intervals Write down S reading dB number At last draw dots on the angle antenna gain graph thus to obtain the direction graph of the to be measured antenna The above measurement can also be done by utilizing insertion loss measurement mode At first set FIELD mode select Insertion to Start insertion loss measurement then press Aoto CAL button to turn the insertion loss reading into zero The insertion loss reading means the same as the S reading in S21 mode Measured antenna or the standard antenna Referential antenna Distance larger than 10 times of the wavelength Coaxial cable Coaxial cable Antenna rotatery station T B Angle indicator Chart 4 3 Antenna gain measurement in an open area In the measurement press SHIFT 1 to
28. he temperature is either too high or too low the charging rate will lower down KC901S time of endurance is determined by battery capacity and function operating For different functions the electricity consumption varies Under S11 or S21 mode signal source and many receivers are used so the power consumption reaches its highest peak Under SPEC FILED and SOURCE modes only signal source and one receiver is used so the power consumption is lower When KC901S is in STOP the whole RF circuit is switched off and only CPU and display consume power When four batteries are installed the brightness of screen is set to 20 and the temperature is 15 C Chart 6 2 shows time of endurance High or low temperature and the low actual battery Capacity reduce time of endurance If only two batteries are installed the discharge rate will be larger Thus time of endurance will be a bit less than the half of the time above 38 Chart 6 2 Time of Endurance Chours Function capacity 2200mAh 2600mAh 3100mAh 3400mAh 11 3 4 5 5 9 21 Insertion Loss 3 4 5 9 9 SPEC FILED 5 6 7 8 RF SOURCE 5 6 7 8 AF SOURCE 6 8 10 12 STOP 12 15 19 21 6 3 Technical parameters Frequency range Transmission measurement 100 KHz 3GHz Reflection measurement 250KHz 3GHZ Output level typical value 3dBm or 2mW 1MHz 2GHz 0dBm 2 3GHz variable attenuator 0 30dB Input sensitivity superior to 10
29. iginal measuring points should be stored on smith chart mode 2 11 PROCEDURE HOW TO UPDATE FIRMWARE 1 Save the bin file in the root of the memory card This can be made in external card reader or also via the USB cable see comments below 2 Press and hold for about 2 seconds the 3 magic buttons to start the bootloader while powering on the 3 buttons in upper right corner below the screen F3 F4 and F5 see Chart 2 1 3 Follow the instructions on the screen That may take a while 4 At the end of update click on yes restart device READY 5 If the device is somewhere stuck and you can not power it on or off then press and hold the 3 buttons mentioned above while pressing cs hard reset button for half a second Now the bootloader should Start and you can follow the instructions on the screen 6 If you have saved the bin file to the memory card via the usb cable then you have to disconnect the USB cable before you start the update otherwise it will not work Chapter Three User Calibration and Preparations before Measurement 3 1 Overview Normalization of KC901S ports has been finished before leaving factory therefore direct use is allowed in most cases The curve may deviate after power on in the field because of various reasons In common engineering applications it is not necessary to calibrate KC901S as long as the measuring result is helpful to analyze and solve problems Cables and a grea
30. interference of band and adjusting circuits producing RF signals except 45 MHz KCSA R100 is connected to find unidentified emission source Access MODE and then press SPEC FIELD applies to not only measurement field strength coverage but also searching the amplitude of RF The port of 9015 is capable of DC isolation so as to externally connect probes to directly search the signal value of receiver and transmitter It is necessary to match impedance and concatenate attenuator when detecting transmitter As long as experiences are got FIELD is used to detect emission the radio station to find fault in time Access MODE and then press FIELD RF SOURCE produces a milliwatts signal with an application of transmitting weak signals to the air to determine the sensibility of radio station froma close distance particularly the sensibility of relay station It is handier to use the small signal for experienced users More externally connected attenuators further develop the applications of signal source To some extent RF Source can adjust the signal level with the help of a built in attenuator The output attenuator plays the role as an amplitude modulator to carry out ASK If the output attenuator has applied to adjusting output range the used decrement which has been used is unable to modulate As a result the modulation degree conflicts with the output attenuation When output attenuation increases the modulation degree that can be u
31. ints and one directional 33 line Chart 4 4 Keep the measuring point in height to avoid block by buildings When approaching to the source adjust AMP based on the intensity or adopt the field mode Move in the direction of the strongest interference and keep approaching to the source Generally speaking the amplitude should be over 7OdBu 37dBm when approaching to the source Connect a band pass filter between the equipment and antenna to the reliability of measurement In a helical structure or cavity structure band pass frequency of the filter can be adjusted under the supervision of KC901S before using When measuring weak signal it is practical to connect a low noise amplifier between the filter and the equipment Locating the interference source is a task combined with theory experience and technology no matter what kind of equipment is used Practices increase efficiency Because of diffraction and reflection of signal there are many illusory directions in measurements in cities and mountainous areas For narrow band signal higher response speed is got when the user detects interference source in FIELD mode XFIELD function is used to measure emission field strength around the antennas of radio station IF gain which may be damaged by strong Signal because of wrong setting in SPEC function is manual set Connect a filter of narrow band pass in series to detect interference with FDM system of 45MHz frequency differe
32. ith right hand When standing to operate the user holds the left hand at the upper left thumbs the knob and places the bottom against the stomach At the same time the user connects cables and uses the keyboard with the right hand The knob is not necessary because keyboard offers all the functions equal to rotating knob and ENTER means pressing knob The user holds the bottom of liquid crystal with both hands and play the keyboard with thumbs For temporarily fixing the KC901S on the workbench you can use the shoulder strap holes and use some cable ties Chapter Two Quick Guide Designers have tried their best to make users understand easily Users who have some basic knowledge can handle it in a short time Therefore this manual does not demonstrate every detail as usual but only explains some points that are special 2 1 Power Switch and Keyboard Chart 2 1A shows keyboard functional layout of KC901S Press POWER at the bottom left for 0 5 second to start up or shut down After the boot the test mode showing and the main setting are consistent with the settings that were used last time The menu displays items related with the current mode pete reg eee A CENT SPAN mone Func SAVE READ lt lt b gt CJ Le 3 BRIGHT Po ATT BEEP mag g E ES eh vad 7 JtLej Le ARK QO Lock mw Seer oe _ e Chart 2 1 The Keyboard layout
33. n to avoid unequal potential damages to the apparatus and DUT Charging must be under surveillance It must be far away from inflammables and explosives when working or charging Do not cover the equipment or charger to prevent overheating Take notice of the temperature range of storage and usage Do not place it in the vehicle under sun exposure KC9015 must not be used for any illegal purposes People with intrusive electronic equipment should use it with caution It is better to avoid use it in hospitals airports and other sensitive positions KC9015 must be carried with when the user takes a plane Make sure that the antenna is taken off field mode is set and power is off Please obey the local laws and any specific rules in the airport The maximum battery capacity of KC901S is 60Wh It is necessary to choose qualified batteries and to be careful of the risk of lithium battery Please place 1T out of tne reach of children When KC9OIS is lent the user should urge the borrower to read user manual and inform the borrower of safety notes Important Statement KC901S is not a commercialized product that meets the demands for appearance and details of all users The manufacturing technical indexes and the third party certification affirm the designing and manufacturing capability rather than provide any guarantee for users Even though we have done our best to make it practical convenient and useful defects still may exist
34. nce for fear that the local oscillation reveal interferes with communication system Warning Without permission do not use KC901S to monitor the spatial frequency spectrum of non working frequency It should not be revealed even it is measured by accident 34 Chapter Five Maintenance 5 1 How to Clean Screen Keyboard and Ports Please remove protective films from the screen The glass screen protector is replaceable so there is no necessary of pasting screen protector which could reduce visibility under the sun Please clean the dirty screen and keyboard with wet tissue firstly and with gauze later It iS a proper way to sweep away the dust inside with 0 2MPa compressed air after dismantling the control circuit board On occasion the glass and rubber pad should be replaced RF connectors shall be frequently cleaned with dry swap first and with anhydrous alcoholic swap later End faces of core needles and ledges outside connectors are supposed to be wiped luminously Twisted tissue 1s a good tool to clean up the holes on core needles Warning The charger and batteries must be removed prior to dismantling circuit board The user actions of dismantling enclosure and circuit board to install batteries and of cleansing screen do not change the term of maintenance However any fault made during this process is not guaranteed It is not allowed to clean the screen the keyboard and the knobs with organic solvent 5 2 Othe
35. on once A in free sweeping mode the instrument will sweep continually In the single sweeping mode it will show that sign too when the instrument is sweeping C when it stops sweeping the power of the RF circuit will be cut entirely When it stops running if the main setting of the parameter is changed the instrument will sweep one time automatically Notice The result of the single sweeping is NOT right due to the lack of the warm up time so it just can be used for the qualitative analysis It has to be switched to the free sweeping mode when you need the more accurate data 2 6 Local Oscillation Mode The Local oscillation in SPEC S21 and FIELD is used to judge mirror effect Low Lo low local oscillation If local oscillating frequency is lower than the measured frequency mirror image jam is caused by the lower frequency High Lo high local oscillation If local oscillating frequency is higher mirror image jam is caused by the higher one If a signal appears in the same position whatever the local oscillating mode is it is likely to be there really If it disappears in any mode it must be false Appearing on the low Lo while disappearing on the high Lo the signal frequency is determined by subtracting 90MHz from the appearing frequency Appearing on the high Lo while disappearing on the low Lo the signal frequency is determined by adding the appearing frequency and 90MHz up If the height of
36. r Matters Needing Attention 1 The equipment should be settled inside a pack or a Suitcase during the long distance transportation A shoulder harness should be used while on the go to avoid falling off The cables must be removed during transportation and carrying unless necessary It is forbidden to use measuring cable as handle 2 Flexible cable should be used to switch while measuring heavy devices or connecting thick feeder 3 While installing the connectors please point the position plug in carefully shake lightly and screw slowly Screw the thread tightly when feeling the core needle has been already inserted into the core hole Both hands should operate to screw the thread with one hand holding the body part of the plug ins to avoid revolve of 35 the plugs another hand revolving the exterior Screw sleeve Revolve of the whole plug should be avoided Pay attention to check connectors before connect If the core needle protrudes too long has a curve or slant stalling should be done after repair of the core needle 4 The equipment should be avoided of being exposed in the rain or water inflow The equipment should be put inside the suitcase to be prevented from rain in rainy days Turn the power off immediately if water flows in fling out the water though the bottom part and Remove battery A Waterproof suitcase is suggested to be used if the equipment is often in the open air 5 The equipment should be sealed with plas
37. red by factory calibration data User calibration calibration operated by the user at any time This calibration whose accuracy is higher than that of factory calibration and system calibration corrects every data point without interpolation error User calibration only takes effect on set frequency If setting parameters are changed the calibration data make no sense The final calibration data will be temporarily saved the data takes effect back to the final setting parameters 3 3 Calibration Operation Under any display mode of functions of S11 and S21 CAL Select in the rightmost of the menu is used to switch among system calibration user calibration and closed calibration Select RE CAL to operate user calibration if necessary Press SHIFT 7 into system calibration in_FUNC menu KC901S prompts operational approach in calibration mode 3 4 Calibration before 21 Measurement If DUT is small and light one of the ports can be directly linked to the equipment although it is no a good habit On that occasion one more cable constitutes measuring system If DUT is big or the connectors do no match each other two RF cables are used KC901S Oo Chart 3 1A Connection with one cable As for one cable it should be bridged over the two ports before measurement Chart3 1A As for two cables they should be connected with a connector of good quality and bridged over the two ports Chart Bele
38. rum field strength and signal projector the maximum practicality has been got Main Features Test frequencies up to 3GHz with 1Hz resolution and stability better than lppm Good accuracy and stability Double conversion and high anti interference ability Abundant functions and convenient to carry The fruits of wisdom of the community Main Functions Transmission measurement filter adjustment amplifier measurement and directivity measurement of antennas Reflection measurement adjusting impedance matching network and examining quality of antenna feed system Measurement of Low frequency signal source and radio frequency Signal source Spectrum display and field strength detection inspecting radio station emission performances and searching for interference Sources Recommended Applications KC901S is designed for adjusting RF circuits such as filters amplifiers splitter combiner for testing input and output impedance evaluating the quality of antenna feed system and for detecting signal amplitudes of equipment at all levels In some bands field measurement and detection of interference are allowed When combined with community exchange KC901S is a good tool to learn radio frequency knowledge In the area of expertise it can be applied in professional Communication Engineering antenna manufacture and daily maintenance of broadcast and TV radiating Stations promoting working efficiency ease car
39. rying burden as well as improve quality of works 1 Acceptance and Check When receive the product it is necessary to confirm the integrity of package First step 1s to read introduction of user manual and check the equipment READ THE COMPLETE MANUAL BEFORE USE TO PREVENT ANY DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT OR INJURY TO THE USER A standard packing includes KC901S Charger Shoulder Strap User manual Ea or ny Check up all items and make sure of no damaged appearance Examine whether screws of KC901S are loose and if an unusual sound can be heard when slightly shaking the device Without any exceptional cases the charger should be connected before starting up If the battery is installed press POWER for 0 5 second for start up inspection Safety Notes KC901IS is not a kind of consumer goods so the users should be professionals or be people who have professional knowledge In this user manual Notice indicates inaccurate measuring results or ordinary risks Warning Indicates possible personal injuries serious risks equipment damage or other serious consequences Warning When water intake unusual sound or other obvious abnormal is observed do not start it up During thunderstorms it must not be used to measure any outdoor equipment including that with lightning arrestor Pay attention to grounding of DUT to prevent electric shock 2 Equipotential toucning its necessary before connectio
40. save data to analyze afterwards in order to decrease operation complexity KC901S automatically names files in chronological order The user can make notes of Starting time and quantity to avoid confusion Antenna supporter KC901S If the user wants to measure the antenna gain it is necessary to install the known antenna gain antenna for reference unto the to be measured antenna supporters adjust the orientations of the referential antenna and testing antenna make the referential antenna s given direction aim at the measuring antenna then go on user calibration under S21 mode Then keep the settled reading of the equipment invariant and then change the referential antenna into the to be measured antenna to measure write down the reading of different angle S reading At this time the obtained reading plus the referential antenna gain this is the antenna gain of different angles If many frequencies direction graphs and antenna gains should be measured repeat the above steps by changing the different frequencies During measurement do not change frequency otherwise user 30 calibration loses efficacy and the data lose its relative Significance While measuring the user keeps away from the antenna if it is necessary to rotate to be measured antenna manually After rotation the user should walk away from the antenna and then read the reading data Use two KC901Ss setting one RF SOURCE mo
41. sed reduces Access Press MODE to select NEXT and Then press RE SOURCE in menu AF SOURCE produces a low frequency signal with a typical function of adjusting the voice grade channel of electronic equipment Because AF SOURCE with various modulation modes produces the firm output of 50MHz it is used to adjust RF circuits under 5OMHz In actual AF SOURCE can be set in a high frequency but does not guarantee indices With the help of its harmonic wave it can be used to debug the sensitivity of radio stations Access Press MODE and then select AF SOURCE in menu 2 5 Adjust Operating State When the instrument just starts running it defaults that it will become STOP state after only having one time sweeping If you need the instrument start sweeping you have to start it manually The RUN STOP button on the keyboard is used for controlling the operation of the machine Press it once and the instrument will run continuous Press it one more time then it will stop running RUN STOP button supports the secondary function Press SHIFT then press RUN STOP button so that you can turn this button into the Single running button and it the screen will shows this sign E At this moment every time you press the RUN STOP button the instrument will just run one time Do the SHIFT RUN STOP step again this function can be cancelled m In single sweeping mode the instrument will sweep one time when you press the RUN STOP butt
42. suring Principle The measuring circuits of KC901S consist of one signal source and three receivers The signal source is divided into two frequency bands the one lower than 50MHZ AF signal source lower than 200MHzZ is directly produced by DDS the other higher than 50MHzZ is produced by PLL The two frequency bands pass through one gating switch converging into one RF signal Two of the three receivers are relevant applying to S11 measurement while the third applies to measuring S21 and spectrum GEN PLL Rodupling epi Measall KC901S 0 05 3GHz A 03 PORT3 Ee ra S11 RF OUT 0 10 SOMHz 02 PORT2 Q E pop OCS AF OUT CS Z 2nd Mixer L LOCALI PLL LUCALe Sa ate nT re fe 1st Mixer TEO MER 44 9MHz OL feo re Ol PORT1 Q T S G RS etector S21 RF IN a 2nd IF TF CARD USB m iO FPGA Pc USBHOST CPU Phase Detector Chart 6 1 The Functional Block Diagram of KC901S When S11 is measured CW produced by signal source gets positive Signal from positive splitter prior to getting negative signal from the bridge and finally it output from port 3 Phase difference and amplitude
43. t number of connectors indispensable to measure cause insertion loss With time going by and the temperature changing performance of KC901S may drift All those disadvantages have negative impact on measurement the user can do calibration as occasion requires If conditions including cables and temperature change error may occur during calibration As a result it is better to make measuring conditions the same with calibration conditions In other words calibration conditions should be as close to measuring conditions as possible When testing please try to reduce the times of switching different plug in We strongly suggest not keeping the unnecessary converters which are for protecting the ports 3 2 Calibration Modes There are three kinds of calibration modes factory calibration system calibration and user calibration Factory calibration high density calibrations of all frequency ranges have been done before KC901S leaves factory Calibration scaling algorithm operates a higher density interpolation After factory calibration basic errors can be corrected in any frequency so generally no calibration is needed Factory calibration data saved in KC901S can not be reset and directly used by the user Factory reset function sends the data to system calibration System calibration The same density with factory calibration but it allows self operation by the user Factory reset leads to system calibration data being cove
44. ter and span of the apparatus so that frequency band can cover the original frequency and new frequency of duplexer The AMP can be adjusted to OdB or 10dB change the AMP and ordinate span according to the position of curve When the ordinate span reaches 20dB div Then Start system calibration Move markl and mark 2 respectively to near the new receiver frequency and transmitter frequency Please use the equipment to measure the insertion loss S21 RF cable first then sway connection cable and connector lightly to look at if the curve dithers while measuring in order to make sure there is no poor contact The insertion loss of cable should be as small as possible The quality of cable should be good enough to provide with excellent screen Hang cables in the air to observe the position of noise floor for a minimum of 90dB on when test frequency less than 500MHz 24 Clean the socket of the duplexer then connect tne output port of KC901S to the TX in port of duplexer usually marked high next connect the in port of the apparatus to the ANT antenna port and connect the fictitious load to the RX output port usually marked low chart 13 LOAD Saaf Fii MUA L d l oH a TF oT ni Tir KC901 6
45. the load or to the connectors of KC901S 3 7 Cable Compensation In order to connect the instrument to the tested antenna we usually need some feedback antennas But sometimes there is no condition 21 to do the calibration on tail end of the feeding antennas In this case you can use the system calibration or use the user calibration with instrument s ports Then eliminate cable s influence with cable compensation function Although the accuracy you get in this way 1S lower than doing the calibration on tail end of the feeding antennas it s better than not doing the calibration Firstly test the electrical length following steps of section 4 3 If the velocity factor is already known you also can calculate the electrical length according the mechanical length of the cable But it won t be more accurate than testing on field When connecting cable to antenna while the termination can t do the op en short you can test the electrical length following steps of section 4 3 But you should test with the frequency range which has the stable tendency of phase change and the curve of phase frequency characteristic is much straighter The electrical length which is tested in this way it usually can extend to the antenna s feeding point It s more efficiency to the antenna tuning If you can do the calibration on the tail end of feeding antenna you still can us this way to extend phase plane to the feeding point Press FUNC
46. tic bag if the operator enters in a room with central heating from the outside in winter If there is dew formation on the apparatus firstly KC9O1S should be dried 6 It is no good for maintaining battery life if power shortage warning appears A long term floating is banned When the charger is connected for a long time usage the batteries should be removed 7 When KC901S lies idle the battery should be 8 0V for storage it is better to annually charge once at least to 8 0V It is suggested to remove batteries before a long term storage 8 Do not keep the equipment close to high powered transmitting antenna Do not keep your transceiver close the analyzer 9 Ionizing radiation may do harm to the equipment In addition neutron irradiation makes irreversible damage 10 The USB socket is fragile Use Soft data cables to avoid lateral force 11 Period of verification of KC901S is one year It is better to send it to manufacturer for calibration and verification 12 The warranty period for the host is one year Any exterior damage caused by normal wear and tear or artificial damage is not included in the quality warranty after delivery 13 It is forbidden to dismantle the case arbitrarily during warrant period except for installing the batteries Damage caused during the tear down is not included in the quality warranty Attempt to disassemble RF components will void the warranty 36 Chapter Six Technical Notes 6 1 Mea
47. usp of the curve may move out the used frequency while the temperature or the match condition of ANT changes If there is a contradiction between insertion loss and attenuation attenuation on the RX side should be primarily guaranteed Appropriately turn down the transmit power so that to reduce the requirement for attenuation This should abide by the principle of Adjust TX toward inside and Adjust RX toward outside try to keep balance of insertion loss For the duplexer whose coupling degree can be adjusted by screw adjust the coupling screws If all adjustable screws are not long enough change them to long screws If the entering length of screws is too long the Q data of duplexer is lowered Dismantle the extended solenoid of the duplexer in case of emergency If the insertion loss can not be turned down S11 measurement can be tried connect the fictitious load to the non test port rather than to the in port of the apparatus Tentatively adjust and compare the reading with others try to control the SWR under 1 5 Please screw and fix the screws during the adjustments to keep the reading data stable Notice Port match influence on the rejection characteristics Measuring results are influenced by the type of apparatus used and the relationship between the equipment changed and ports of the duplexer The antenna impedance changes as repeater is different so practical performance falls behind expectation Draw l
48. via patch cord The compensation of cable length in FUNC menu should be set as zero In Chart 4 5 electric length 1 432m cable length 1 005m It can be calculated that velocity factor is 0 7018 In short circuit and open circuit cable loss is about half of return loss When cable is connected with antenna return loss at non working frequency can be used to estimate cable loss 4 4 Spectrum KC9O1S strengthens properties of the input channel to provide the basic spectrum display Warning The input port of KC9OIS permits a limiting level of 20dBm and a limiting DC voltage 15V The apparatus is bound to get damaged if the standard is disobeyed When measuring transmitter and amplifier an appropriate attenuator must be concatenated to control the limiting values Notice 20dBm is the limiting level not damaging the apparatus which does not mean that KC901S is able to measure the signal at 20dBm The proper level is less than l0dBm for the sake of accurate measurement KC9015 is a network analyzer so the measuring result of spectrum is only for reference Mirror image interferes with the spectrum mode Connect an appropriate filter to the input port in series to monitor When measuring shortwave spectrum use low pass filter of 30MHz model KC9504 02 When measuring spectrum at frequency as higher than 100MHz use Local Mode to identify image response Use KC9504 01 high pass filter of 120MHz to eliminate

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