Summary Praat: Procedures 1 Sometimes we will want to use a
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1. Text key_x Left key_y Top soundname key_y key_y 20 endproc This works as follows The first line of the procedure now not only contains the name draw but also a list of variables soundname and color In the first line of the script the procedure draw is called with the argument monotone and Black Execution then jumps to the procedure where the arguments are assigned to the variable soundname and color which is then used in the body of the procedure You can use multiple arguments separated by commas and string arguments with a dollar sign in the variable name For mere numeric arguments use something like draw 400 100 Encapsulation and local variables Look at the following script frequency 300 H playOctave 440 playOctave 400 playOctave 500 printline frequency procedure playOctave frequency Create Sound from formula note Mono O 0 3 44100 0 4 sin 2 pi frequency x Play Remove octaveHigher 2 frequency Formula 0 4 sin 2 pi octaveHigher x Play Remove endproc You might have thought that this script will write 300 to the Info window because that is what you expect if you look at the first five lines However the procedure will assign the values 440 400 and 500 to the variable frequency so that the script will actually write 500 to the Info window because 500 is the last fourth value that was assigned to the variable frequency What yo2. Summary Praat Procedures Sometimes we will want to use a portion of code in a script more than once On the one hand loops come in handy on the other hand this might not be enough for specific performances This is where procedures come in A procedure is a block of several instructions which can be called whenever needed Therefore you can re use similar pieces of code Look at the following key_x 0 75 key_y 490 select Sound name1 To Pitch 0 75 6000 select Pitch name1 Black Draw 0 0 0 500 yeso Text key_x Left key_y Top name1 key_y key_y 20 select Sound name2 To Pitch 0 75 6000 select Pitch name2 Red Draw 0 0 0 500 yes Text key_x Left key_y Top name2 key_y key_y 20 select Sound name3 To Pitch 0 75 6000 select Pitch name3 Green Draw 0 0 0 500 yes Text key_x Left key_y Top name3 key_y key_y 20 drawing pitch_curves pdf Save as PDF file drawing select all Remove 1Reference Praat User Manual Scripting 5 5 Procedures 03 07 2013 0 As you can see some arguments occur again Using a procedure you do not have to write those repeat edly but can re use them whenever needed key_x 0 75 key_y 490 soundname monotone Black draw declarative soundname Red draw soundname declarative_low Green draw drawing pitch_curve
3. s pdf Save as PDF file drawing select all Remove procedure draw select Sound soundname To Pitch 0 75 6000 select Pitch soundname Draw 0 0 0 500 yes Text key_x Left key_y Top soundname key_y key_y 20 endproc As you see a procedure definition in Praat consists of three parts 1 a line with the word procedure followed by the name of the procedure followed by a pair of parentheses 2 the body of the procedure 3 a line with the word endproc You can put a procedure definition anywhere in your script the beginning or end of the script are com mon places The bodies of procedures are executed only if you call the procedure explicitly using the symbol and the name of the procedure which you can do anywhere in the rest of your script Arguments In the script above you still have to define the single sound files that should be drawn and the color they should be drawn in This can be improved In the following version of the script the procedure draw requires an explicit argument draw monotone Black key_x 0 75 key_y 490 draw monotone Black draw declarative Red draw declarative_low Green drawing pitch_curves pdf Save as PDF file drawing select all Remove procedure draw soundname color select Sound soundname To Pitch 0 75 6000 select Pitch soundname gt color Draw 0 0 0 500 yes
4. u would want is that variables that are used inside procedures such as frequency and octaveHigher could somehow be made not to clash with variable names used outside the procedure A trick that works would be to include the procedure name into the names of these variables frequency 300 playOctave 440 playOctave 400 playOctave 500 printline frequency procedure playOctave playOctave frequency Create Sound from formula note Mono 0 0 3 44100 0 4 sin 2 pixplayOctave frequency x Play Remove playOctave octaveHigher 2 playOctave frequency Formula 0 4 sin 2 pi playOctave octaveHigher x Play Remove endproc Fortunately Praat allows an abbreviated version of these long names just leave playOctave off from the names of the variables but keep the period procedure playQctave frequency Create Sound from formula note Mono 0 0 3 44100 0 4 sin 2 pi frequency x endproc
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