Final Lifeboard Report Editable.docx
Contents
1. Test F 5000 0 5 Half sine 477 70 G 50 10 Sawtooth 250 00 5 2 1 The dummy load shall be replaced with the actual test H 75 6 Sawtooth 225 00 sample 100 6 NOTE if all conditions other than this substitution remain Ihe same the resulting test waveform shall be considered satisfactory even though it may not conform to Figures 3 or 4 as appropriate Figure 39 Standards for Drop Test Plan 26 After standards are found and considered as guides for the testing plan and references for max forces without damage all testing equipment and data calculation plans should be sorted out For this project a 250 accelerometer semi functional dummy tablets appropriate ground material and semi complete equation plans were used Drop testing started at 1 foot height and climbed to 3 feet by a foot at a time at four different tablet orientations Averages of this data were calculated and can be found in the graphs in the appendix All of this data was used and are further explained in the the Case Design Final Concept section of this report C Project Development Cost Summary The budget income funding from the project sponsor in the amount of 4 500 was projected to be enough to successfully complete the project and proved to be true After the funds were used for electronic hardware software raw materials the remaining budget was so large we were able to provide additional products to the trauma room The large products purchased for t2. _ s j 57 gt 3 La n 47745 N upupu 7 a f A Bin eu et SUAS sum KO mu a Ti gt YA f V4 ad ta hi 7 T 3 N E of yep rag pn tobt S anus unda 33 for eS purea M 4 TEX NE SC Hr 7 y 7 rc jd C F L par 1 CH v LH EN cla Cu 1 xA Fa ba l Loot Figure 32 Case Analysis 1 45 Re 2542 19 5 4U mm 0 1 EA 0 22un aan Susy wi Figure 33 Case Analysis 2 Foun dusueud K Values x oo N 15 F vetshade Asia A ass Xa ace IE Aes Ks er T LL ERU Y Zins aM Figure 34 Case Analysis 3 46 Eu 4 Tw we J gt 44 t C 4 T G Figure 35 Amplification Lifeboard User Manual Information for Developers I Software All software is stored and organized in Eclipse with the Android SDK Plugin installed This is pinned to the taskbar and can be found in Users Trauma Research Android Eclipse ADT eclipse eclipse exe There are three project libraries of software that run on Eclipse to develop and run the system JavaServer Lifeboard_App and LifeBoardDisplayGui JavaServer JavaServer manages the communication between the Android tablet application and the database stored on the server computer The main java file for this project is called TCPServer java and it runs the communication interface Before running this program on the terminal ins
3. and bottom exterior parts are fastened with aluminum binding post and screws while the foam inserts are successfully fastened by adhesive glue as seen in Figure 37 B Testing and Refinement The primary means of testing the interface software was through mock traumas and surveys conducted at Medical Center of the Rockies Testing was completed throughout the year as a way of verifying new program features and to design flaws and weaknesses for improvement Four times throughout the year the interface was brought to Medical Center of the Rockies and various medical staff used the system during various levels of mock trauma simulation This varied from two people talking through the text transcript of a real life trauma in the past to utilizing a full team of 10 20 medical professionals working through a trauma scenario in a trauma bay with a trauma dummy In each of these four tests the user of the tablet was monitored and notes were taken on their usage including suggestions for improvement difficulties with completing tasks and bugs discovered when testing After these mock traumas 25 were completed discussions about interface improvements were held to further improve the design of the interfaces See Figure 12 for an example of the mock traumas In addition to these mock traumas several members of the medical staff tested the tablet interface independently of these mock traumas to get a feel for the interface explore it s capabil
4. brace the final version made of carbon fiber eliminates the potential issues documented in the FMEA After fabricating and testing the cross brace failure is extremely unlikely and no failures were reported during testing The case corner pieces also did not show any signs of stress or cracking after testing and remained solidly attached to the case This is due to the highly impact resistant UHMW material chosen for the corners combined with a bolted together two piece corner design 14 Table 3 FMEA Analysis B System Architecture The overall system design is comprised of three devices the tablet for data input by the scribe nurse a server to save store and manage all data sent to it and a large display monitor for displaying the information from the database The tablet application collects data from user input on it s interface and stores this information locally on the tablet as well as the server The server maintains it s own self generated Wi Fi IEEE 802 11 network that the tablet connects to The server hosts a SQL database for storing all medical records handled by Lifeboard When data is collected on the tablet the applications wirelessly communicates with the server and alerts a server program that executes the corresponding query in the database file writing the content to the database as soon as it is added on the tablet Subsequent edits and deletions of data on the tablet interface propagate t
5. microSD card Plug the device into any USB host to access the text based csv data files iii Comer cross brace and padding material 1 See attached excel sheet iv Reliably accessible computer for data storage and computational purposes b Software i CREO Parametric for previous FEA testing i Mathcad ii Microsoft Excel c Team i Funk Garcia coordinates test plan determines material with design determines accelerometer orders and manufactures materials and hardware operates test procedures records and analyzes results d Facility 1 Medical Center of the Rockies forits medical professional opinions and tile floors for drop ergonomics testing ii Colorado State University for dependable computer and installed software to properly execute FEA modeling and record and analyze results Figure 28 Drop Test Plan Doc 2 43 IV Features and functions to test a Configuration Building i Use previous material cohesion testing to manufacture case prototype versions A and B ii Install wood or tablet dummy tablet iii Fix mount accelerometer to case and balance out case with equivalent weight on opposite side to not through off center of gravity iv Drop wood tablet dummy tablet case and accelerometer fixture and record provided quantitative and qualitative data v Use Mathcad and excel to analyze necessary data for calculations to finding how well the case absorbs impact b Tested Aspects i Testing is conducted to analyze th
6. Medical Center of the Rockies LifeBoard Dr Tammy Donahue Faculty Advisor Mechanical Engineering CSU Tammy donahue colostate edu 970 491 1319 Julie A Dunn M D M S FACS Medical Directory Trauma Research and Education Medical Center of the Rockies Julie Dunn Q uchealth org 970 203 7250 Cameron Bloom Computer Engineering CSU cbloom gmail com 970 443 0295 Dr Ali Pezeshki Faculty Advisor Electrical and Computer Engineering CSU Ali pezeshki colostate edu 970 491 3242 APPROVED 5 8 14 Alex Garcia Project Manager Mechanical Engineering CSU algarcia rams colostate edu 970 397 1040 Alex Funk Mechanical Engineering CSU alex funk msn com 970 214 9460 Executive summary Lifeboard is a mechanical and computer engineering senior design project commissioned by Dr Julie Dunn a trauma surgeon at the Medical Center of the Rockies The goal of the project was to replace the current pen and paper method a scribe nurse uses to record patient data during a trauma with an electronic solution This solution consists of four main elements The first element is an Android application which runs on a Galaxy Tab 2 tablet This software has very similar functionality to the paper trauma flow sheets currently used by scribe nurses but a graphical user interface GUI is used to input data instead of paper Electronic data entry allows for implementation of the second main project element the database In a
7. ain components the cross brace the exterior plastic corners and the interior corner foam Geometric modeling for the Lifeboard project was constructed using the program CREO Assembled and other views of the case for the Samsung Galaxy Tab II can be found in Figures 2 and 3 Figure 2 Case Concept Assembly Two very important concepts to consider when designing impact protection are the impulse time and the area under impact The longer the time duration of initial contact between 13 the dropped object and the fixed surface the softer the force effectively will be given that the duration is not too long for fear of amplification As for area the impulse force will be more harsh with a smaller area during impact Keeping these facts in mind our case concept first and foremost protects the corners of the tablet as those are the most vulnerable sections 1f dropped to the ground after comparing impact areas The x cross brace shape is intended to channel impact forces away from the tablet and instead through the cross brace itself This functionality combined with impact absorption due to the corner pieces will greatly increase the ability of the tablet to withstand impacts The purpose of the FMEA analysis for the tablet case was to find design elements that could be improved or were likely to fail Table 3 shows the elements that were analyzed Of particular note is the case cross brace As this analysis was done on an acrylic cross
8. amplify on the shock ISOLATION CALCULATIONS Impulse Momentum xcd _ 14 i 00 Time duration of impulse from ue 386 7 7 accelerometer data collected t t 0304 v 386t v 152 154 Fi Fi 91 994 ti This is an estimatation of the 32 A _ 37 1 I 7 en Bom aA D available deflection kf E Y kf D Y 20 88 Pounds of force at maximum k E if 668 16 Ff kf D L Ff 20 88 p deflection 20 UHMW Plastic 1 This is an estimatation of the Ay 20 Aci o R g B 2 available deflection kp p kp 288 Fp kpDL L Pounds of force at maximum j P deflection Maximum Acceleration Loading Ft Ff Fp Ft 29 85 At At 21 343 gs of acceleration before spring system T bottoms out Isolation of System 1 I 1 1 k ke 4 ke 20012533 fa LE kp Zr 4 m 12 IE fin T 77 23 109 0 099 Greater than 90 isolation is achieved for frequencies about 77 hz In order to have a second opinion on stresses FEA models were originally created for the final prototype which explains why stresses are just a broad approximation and in different units Stress von Mises WCS kPa LoadsetLoadSet TABLET CASE Von Mises Corner Impact 2281 06 2052 96 1824 85 1596 74 1368 54 1140 53 912 428 684 322 456 216 228 110 0 00433 21 Stress von Mises WCS kPa Loadset LoadSet1 CORNER ATTACHED CLIP LI HDPE Von Mises Stresses B Material Se
9. an be categorized into two main parts the case hardware and the hardware software interface Currently there is a working Lifeboard prototype with an inferior case and and hardware software system that can be further improved Basic information can be captured on the tablet and wirelessly transmitted to a server which displays the information on a second interface Overall the project needs to collect all resuscitation activities more effectively and provide a more robust tablet protection case The software hardware interface must be designed to capture information as efficiently as possible and to broadcast that information easily For the case many aspects are involved to advance its efficiency such as its manufacturing and durability cost and its verifiable durability and weight Justifications are required for validity of each of the numerical project targets of the objectives The total cost of the case was advised to be one third or one fourth of the total income of 4 500 so the target for the cost is less than 1 125 The group chose to use the last three quarters of the funds for everything that is not the case such as electronics The average height of women in the US 1s five feet and 3 8 inches and the average height of men in the US is five feet and 9 3 inches 7 Seen as how only a slim 9 6 of nurses are male and scribe nurses are the part of the trauma team who will be using the Lifeboard five feet was chosen as the target for the c
10. ase durability drop tests 8 The case weight target 1s less than 4 pounds including the tablet after taking into account the maximum tablet usage length during trauma procedures and how heavy an object the average human is allowed to carry While the tablet on its own weighs 1 28 pounds and the scribe nurse will be standing with Lifeboard at hip height for 30 minutes to an hour and fifteen minutes According to the sponsor Dr Dunn as of now the scribe nurse has around 15 entry error because of missing information during the trauma procedures A detailed summary of the project objectives can be found in the following Table 1 Design Objectives Cost of Case 4 Funds used to produce Minimize 4 M DA case Cost of Electronic 4 Funds used to buy Minimize lt 3 375 Hardware electronics Case Durability 5 Drop tests ft Maximize 3 Case Weight 4 Including tablet Ibs Minimize lt 4lbs Data Entry Speed gt Minutes Minimize lt lhr Data Entry Error 5 Scribe nurse entry error Minimize lt 5 Table 1 Design Objectives B Design Constraints The design constraints heavily coincide with the project objectives The justifications for the constraints are also greatly related to the objective justifications and originate from the similar reasoning The cost of the inclusive project needs to definitely be less than the income of the project budget of 4 500 The determined reasonable durability drop test success height is four feet similar t
11. ch is sized to fit a 1920 x 1080 HD television This provides the most amount of room possible for Fluid Drug and Intervention data to be displayed Inside the jPanel are three more jPanels each containing a JLabel and one or two jTables The jLabels are used to display the name of the data to be displayed within the tables of each jPanel For example the jPanel containing the Drugs jLabel 17 populates the table in that jPanel with drug data as it is entered The source code for the TV display is in file can be found in the Lifeboard software package filepath LifeboardGUI Alex src view StartScreen v5 java Data is retrieved from the Access Database using the file located in LifeBoardGui Alex sre Controller DatabaseRetrieval_test_v5 java jFrame Parent jane jPanel jPanel Fluids Drugs Interventions Figure 11 TV Display Software Structure E Abandoned Hardware Upgrades In addition to the case tablet and display systems a couple were considered for implementation but were ultimately abandoned First it was mentioned that wireless connectivity for the server and display screen was desired but after researching these technologies and considering the ultimate placement of the server and display in a trauma bay it was determined that maintaining a wired connection between these two would be cheaper and easier to do the permanence in both object locations in the room and the unreliability and expense o
12. chine and use the one at port 5556 It will take a couple minutes to load For MainActivity java setup the run configurations for this file and run 48 the file in Eclipse to either load the latest version of the application onto the virtual machine or onto the tablet connected via USB or both MainActivity java and sliding xml are the two main files for the application MainActivity java manages all of the programmable aspects of the application such as button initialization what buttons do data writing etc sliding xml manages the visual interface of the application Changes will need to be made on these two files simultaneously to correctly change the application All of the dialogs have their own Java and XML files Refer to EditArterialDialog java for a fully commented version LifeBoardDisplayGui This project hosts the display application for the system Editing and developing the display can be carried out in NetBeans Once TCPServer java is running correctly with the tablet launch Start ScreenX java and the display application will run and pull information from the database into the display There are multiple versions of this that track the process of development All development in this system was completed by Alex Funk Additional Software Installed On Computer Microsoft Access 2013 open and view the database Not required but helpful for database verification during development Microsoft Access Redistributable 2010 Databas
13. comments written in XML files are automatically removed after reloading the software so there are none of these in the programs They are however very straightforward Thorough comments have been added to MainActivity java and EditArterialDialog java for the Application All java files named Edit Dialog java are very similar to one another and can easily be interpreted from each other Additional comments have been placed into The Java Server programs as well A Note on Edit Functions in the System This system s edit function is not currently configured to completely edit objects Currently when edit is selected a brand new dialog is open where the previously entered information for that object is not already filled in All information must be filled in and re submitted This issue 90 is due to the lack of proper storage and management of data in the system The system was originally setup to manage data entries through ArrayLists of strings instead of Objects meaning that once data is stored it is difficult to re interpret it An additional issue with this resides in the editing and deleting of content in the system Currently the database queries sent to the database do not compare timestamps due to the difficulty of obtaining these through the program a significant overhaul is required for this so if two entries are identical besides the timestamp and value such as two applications of the same drug then both of these entries will be e
14. cture in healthcare facilities 1 Difficulties aside there are few similar applications of programs and tablets targeted at the medical community One interesting competitor that shares the goal of creating a tablet system for medical use is the Motion Computing CSt tablet It comes equipped with laptop spec hardware a Windows operating system fully sealed case and meets multiple medical standards Compared with the C5t the Galaxy tablet provides a less resource intensive package with fewer physical protections and lower specs than the C5t but it runs on a version of the Android mobile OS instead of a Windows based operating system 3 This is an advantage because Android has large communities of app developers and programming support It was also designed for mobile computing use whereas Windows 7 was not Some examples of medical Android apps are Medscape Epocrates and Standard dictations The first two provide databases of information on drugs diseases and procedures while the third focuses on medical interns needing to dictate information 6 These apps are all useful for their intended purposes and provide decent references but they do not demonstrate the same functionality for which Lifeboard will be created As mentioned earlier medical centers have been slow to adopt tablets and according to Elizabeth Seislove the Director of the Trauma Program at Lehigh Valley Health Network and Randy Smith the Director of the Emergency Depart
15. ddition to simply saving submitted data to the tablet s internal memory patient information is also sent to a Microsoft Access SQL database This database is hosted on a laptop computer with a wireless connection between the laptop and tablet to allow data transfer between the two A TV display makes up the third element of the system where software processes database information and displays it in a table format on a 60 TV The final element of the project is a tablet case designed to protect the Samsung tablet from drops and impacts Development of the project consisted of improving the tablet GUI and TV display along with creating a tablet case Beginning with the tablet interface improvements were made based on feedback from the previous year s senior design group and surveys given to nurses after they used Lifeboard A tablet was given to the Medical Center of the Rockies staff for testing purposes so that multiple rounds of feedback could be analyzed The TV display was developed in a similar manner to the tablet GUI but was primarily driven by suggestions from Dr Dunn Tablet case design and creation was influenced by a case prototype from the previous year s design team Multiple decision matrices were then used to decide on case features materials and geometry This was followed by computer modeling of the case and FEA The case was then manufactured from the chosen materials and drop tested using accelerometers to gage the impact force
16. dited or deleted II Hardware The Video Module is used for combining server and EKG displays into one There is one DVI out connection that runs to the TV display one VGA in connection that runs to the Server or EKG and one DVI in connection for the other input source DVI to VGA adapters are included with the video module Use the Video Module s remote and enter its menu where it should be pretty straightforward changing the mode to Picture in Picture and moving the secondary screen into position 51
17. e drivers for Microsoft Access Required to run any applications that require the database 1 e JavaServer and LifeBoardDisplayGui Samsung Kies Hardware driver for Samsung Galaxy Tab 2 10 1 16GB so that application changes can be updated quickly on each tablet through Eclipse Android SDK 16 Older version of Android that this system is developed to run on Newer versions can be utilized but there are several updates that would be needed to make the system function properly on one Configuring a New Computer to Run and Develop the Lifeboard System Configuring a new computer for this system can be very challenging depending on the machine and is not always successful The first question to ask 1s what operating system is in use If the new computer s system is Windows 7 everything for the system needs to be installed as their 32 bit versions even if that installation of Windows 7 1s the 64 bit version install everything related to the project as 32 bit except the actual OS This 1s because in Windows 7 Office 1s automatically configured as 32 bit meaning the Microsoft Access driver required for development and use must also be 32 bit If the system 1s running Windows 8 everything can and 49 should be installed as 64 bit It is highly recommended that the system is installed on a machine running Windows 8 due to the lack of conflict in architectures To configure a new computer follow these general steps 1 Install the latest versi
18. e foam completely collapsed then that force would go to the plastic and then most all this force would be felt by the tablet Also as mentioned before area is very important as the spring constant value of approximately 3000Ibs sqin depended on the area not being very large When amplification is a result of that shock load vibration under general forcing conditions can be described with a response spectrum of sinusoidal pulse Suppose when you compute the spring constant and you think about the mass and the stiffness of the tablet you can compute the natural of that suspension which is the foam The natural period would be the inverse of the natural frequency There s an amplification factor for shock load that s a function of the duration of pulse over the 19 natural period of the duration of pulse once the pulse is long enough there isn t much amplification and the reading is up at around 1 0 on Figure 35 This same figure also describes that the lower you make your natural frequency of system the longer tou n is and the longer tou_n is compared to length of pulse the better off the impact absorption values The response displacement divided by the static deflection is the y axis on this continued figure and saying it will amplify the static deflection by 1 5 or 1 8 times possibly depending on the ratio of the two My guess is you re duration of pulse is going to be so short you ll be in a decent region where it will not really
19. e level of success of a certain combination ofthe case corner pieces and the cross brace test which design handles the drop forces most efficiently c Test entry criteria Test Entry Criteria Weight of comer pieces cross brace and cohesive material combined Weight of wood dummy tablet tablet CC er modulus of elasticity density flexural modulus tensile modulus tensile zation at break of each of these 3 case elements ER of each of the 3 case elements Orientation of specimen to be drop tested Height ofdop O 7 Location of Accelerometer Figure 29 Drop Test Plan Doc 3 DROP TESTING Data Collection and Input Captured at 512 Hz Freq for all Case Prototype Height in Ej Test Orientatio ee ur ae Figure 30 Drop Test Plan Doc 4 44 Configuration Description ee Front Rear Face Opposite face fat on top zd Rg Lent Side X UHMW Plastic of one comer 3 TapBottom Side Outside of UHMW Plastic of one comer ao Comer Outer comer of UHMW Plastic Case Prototype Version Version Casos Material Cross Brace Material wood wintw Paste carbon Fiber _ sorbothane B UHM Plastic CarbonFiber O O Sorbothane Figure 31 Drop Test Plan Doc 5 we C IRURE Chinen ten Gaal DE y i CLAIM YA AA LUAM PLSS ON i at c id cone pi Uno unjehg L LOG S 4 2 257 Q t FA p fis f C x C CLEP e ce oy Veit IS
20. f the currently available technology Another possibility was to integrate a prototype passive fluid monitoring system developed by Fluonics a local medical device company The device would measure fluid flow through tubes attached to the patient and wirelessly transmitted these values to the system s 18 server for further data capture Due to manufacturing issues with Fluonics this implementation wasn t made available in time for integration and was shelved for a later iteration of the project V Detail Design and Supporting Analysis A Mathematical or Computational Modeling and Analysis As mentioned previously the longer duration with initial contact the softer the force effectively is but too long and you hit amplification After finding from the g force graphs in Figures 14 19 that t_impulse was 0 006s on average max g force found with testing the 250 accelerometer was 140g s from 3 feet and given the momentum mass volume F 1 or impulse force magnitude was found to be approximately 91lbs To calculate if this much F_impulse is applied to these springs before completely max out the deflection the equivalent spring constant could have been used as the softest spring constant dominates in series Another way to think about it 1s that the materials will all see the same force so instead of doing a k_eq as seen in Figure 32 it was discovered from testing that the impulse force did not collapse the foam spring completely If th
21. he Trauma Research Center will directly aid this project as well as any advancements of it A summary of the budget can be found in the following table Cost Case Hardware and Electronics E 800 00 Raw materials Accelerometer Dummy Tablet etc Electronics E 3 570 00 Laptop Trauma Room TV Monitors GoPro etc 5 Total 5pent 4 370 00 5 Originally Received 4 500 00 Remaining Budget 130 00 Table 6 All Encompassing Project Budget 27 VII Conclusions and Recommendations The progress made on Lifeboard this year has made for a vast improvement in the system compared to the previous year s version The user interfaces of the system have been dramatically upgraded to capture more information in a far quicker easier more efficient more accurate way the display system have been optimized to display only the most important of information for trauma personnel the overall system architecture has been further updated and modernized and the tablet case was designed and tested to fully protect the tablet There are many directions this project could move in during it s next design cycle These include The ability to add many more types of information to the tablet interface more interactively Further development of the ACLS algorithms and burn reference material into active data entry formats The design of a more efficient user interface The integration of passive wireless data capture on medical equipment and
22. hese changes to the database in a similar manner meaning that all data changes executed on the tablet are instantly mirrored in the database While data is being transmitted to the database a second program actively reads the information stored in the database and formats this info into a Java application displaying lists of interventions fluids and drugs The server is connected to the large display monitor via VGA or HDMI to display this application for everyone in the room to see C Tablet Interface To improve the tablet interface the previous design was discussed with hospital staff and tested and based on this work a number of improvements were identified This included making general data entry easier and more flexible adding more content to the tablet for capture and 15 dynamically editing and deleting data entries on the tablet interface and in the database To improve usability of the tablet drop down menus previously used for interventions fluids and drugs were replaced with large individual buttons for each option making it easier to select the correct option the first time Several small changes were implemented into various interventions fluids and drugs to further reflect the applications of these options and to make it easier and more intuitive to input information Additionally an additional tab combining commonly used interventions fluids and drugs was implemented See Figures 4 5 The entire system was upgraded
23. ide Eclipse a wireless network needs to be created on the server This requires a wireless card installed that can generate it s own network most modern wireless cards can Open a command line terminal in Windows and run the following command usually this needs to be run as administrator netsh wlan set hostednetwork mode allow ssid LifeBoardNetwork key 12345678 A network should be created successfully Change the ssid and key to any of your choosing After this is created run the following command to start the wireless network The network can be closed by replacing start with stop after it has been started netsh wlan start hostednetwork Once this is done take the tablet and connect it to the network like you would with a normal wireless network Now run the TCPServer java program in Eclipse and the database will be cleared and prepared for collecting data from the tablet Start entering data into the tablet and you should see it entered into the console on the server The database file that is collecting data is called lyfeboard accdb and can be opened with Microsoft Access LifeBoard App This project 1s the Lifeboard Application itself There is a full set of java files and a full set of corresponding xml files The application can either be run directly on the tablet or using a virtual machine setup in Eclipse When running the virtual machine using port 5554 usually does not work so create two instances of the virtual ma
24. imum hardening and only pouring small amounts of chemicals at a time into the small paper cups too much mass of combination of these chemicals will surely create a chemical reaction and waste material see Figure 25 Manufacturing Materials Equipment Cross Brace Dry Woven Fabric 3K 2x2 Plain Weave Scale scissors sufficient Carbon Fiber 204 GSM 50 x 1 yard ventilation xacto knife brush Base Epoxy Resin 1 quart FastHardener set small paper cups and 0 44 pint Parting Glass amp PVARelease Film towels vertical drilling Plaster Mold Built wood frame for plaster mold acrylic mold part Exterior Plastic Corners UHMW1 5 X12 X12 Band Saw vertical milling machine grinder Interior Foam Corners Ultra Soft Polyurethane Strip 1 8 Thick 4 Scissors caliper X 36 50 Oo Durometer Hand Strap Store bought with velcro Utilized holes drilled in carbon fiber Fasteners 1 4 Al Binding Post with 3 16 Flat head slotted drive screws Adhesive glue forfoam to slit in UHMW ERN plastic corners Table 5 Manufacturing Information Regarding the shape of each corners it can be seen that there are 3 pieces the top and bottom of the exterior corner and the foam insert see manufacturing drawing in Figures 20 23 Initially each corner as to be as a whole but within the manufacturing process soon realized there was not an end mill for the 24 vertical milling machine that was long enough for the cross brace slot The top
25. ing Glass amp PVA Release Film 30 95 Walmart 5 Plaster Mold for Carbon Fiber Xacto knife Brush set necessary tools 22 34 Project Software 120 00 Microsoft Access Total Spent 411 57 Max Possible Units 4 00 Overestimated Production Unit Cost 5 102 89 Table 4 Production Unit Cost Analysis VI Final Evaluation A Manufacturing and Assembly 23 As mentioned previously there are three main parts of the final case design including the cross brace the plastic corners and the foam while not forgetting about additional components such as the fasteners and hand strap For the carbon fiber manufacturing process it was absolutely necessary for materials and chemicals to be ready prior to beginning for this fast paced and tricky procedure First step is confirming a sufficient mold as the negative part for the fabric For this project a process of vacuum molding a heated polycarbonate plastic sheet was attempted multiple times before deeming the process a failure due to insufficient outcomes see Figure 24 Instead of vacuum molding a plaster mold process was attempted using an acrylic cross brace positive mold and successfully produced a perfect negative mold see Figure 26 The release agent was generously brushed onto the dried negative plaster mold before the fiber fabric and epoxy resin chemicals were laid alternatively A process necessity to include is confirming very accurate measurements of epoxy resin and fast hardener for max
26. ities and provide feedback After each of these interactions a survey was filled out to collect and organize feedback for the tablet interface driving development further For an example please see Figure 13 For the case please see Figures 27 31 that shows the general testing process that was followed for drop testing the case A general overview is to first find standards including the ones found in the following figures but also MIL STD 810G are extreme rugged tests but it helps as it is Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests with a section on Shock ASTM D5487 Standard Test Method for Simulated Drop of Loaded Containers by Shock Machines ASTM D6344 Standard Test Method for Concentrated Impacts to Transport Packages ASTM D6537 Standard Practice for Instrumented Package Shock Testing For Determination of Package Performance Table velocity Change associated with the measured acceleration 5 1 3 The monitoring transducer shall be mounted on the lest fixture immediately adjacent to the tes specimen or dummy load Two consecutive shock applications to the cali A 50 11 Half sine 350 30 bralion load shall produce acceleration waveforms that fall B 75 6 within the appropriate tolerance envelope in addition graphi C 100 6 cal integration of each recorded pulse shall indicate a velocity n 500 T Hal ne 31847 change within 1096 of the value specified in Table 1 L jt E 1000 0 5 Half sine 318 47 52
27. l previously entered interventions fluids and drugs and edit delete functionality for each section 33 LifeBoard App aa Saving screenshot Figure 8 One of the Four ACLS Algorithm Reference Forms LifeBoard App Burn Reference 8 Area Birth 1 Year 1 4 Years 5 9 Years 10 14 Years 15 Years Adult Head 19 17 13 11 9 T Neck 2 2 2 2 2 2 Trunk 13 13 13 13 13 13 Genitalia 1 1 1 1 1 1 Buttock 25 25 2 5 L5 25 2 5 Upper Arm 4 4 4 4 4 4 Lower Arm 3 3 3 3 3 3 i Hand 25 2 5 25 2 5 29 2 5 Thigh 5 5 6 5 8 8 5 9 9 5 Leg 5 5 5 5 6 55 7 j Foot 25 2 9 25 3 9 35 3 9 d Parkland Formula Fluid for first 24 hours 2 4 ml x patients weight in kg x body surface area Figure 9 The Burn Reference Tab 34 Life Board App Fluid i e Fluid r Amount i iT e Drug Amourit Time Device Details It e Ite Item 2 Item 3 Ite item 2 er Ite Item 2 Crvstalloid Platelets Figure 10 Lifeboard TV Display 3 i Figure 12 Mock Trauma with Trauma Dummy and Full Team Using Lifeboard 35 un L 2 p E E 1 disagree strongly LIFZBOARD SURVEY 2 disagree 2015 2014 3 neutral 4 agree ABLET strongly agree QUESTION PETE Eu ee rue device would add would change o ie g 044 lez Too Wavy uihna CARLON tb USER INTERFACE QUESTION learned how to use the device quickly program easily quickl
28. lection 1 9608 02 1 8008 02 1 600e 02 1 400e 02 1 2008 02 1 0008 02 8 0008 01 6 0008 01 4 000e 01 2 0008 01 2 275e 05 Case materials were decided upon using multiple decision matrix style charts An initial list of materials for the case cross brace corner pieces and damping material was compiled based on material characteristics The main criteria for cross brace material was tensile and shear strength For the corner pieces shear strength and impact strength were important Damping material was decided upon mostly based on density and availability however spring constants of the material should have been considered The density of all materials was taken into account to reduce weight of the case Figure 36 were used to decide final materials for the case These materials were decided to be 6k dry weave carbon fiber for the cross brace UHMW for the corners and Sorbothane for the impact padding 22 Material Modulus ot Elasticity Yield Strength Hardness Impact Strength Tensile Strength Aluminum 6061 0 0938 Ibs in 3 10000 ksi 35 40 ks 86 95 Brnell na 35 45 kst Plastic LM 0 034 lbsiin 3 BOksi Wa 461 177 Shore _ 16 8 t ibsin no break 5 Bksi ABS 0 038 lbsnn 3 240KsI nia R102 103 Rockwell 5 2 7 7 felbsiin B Sksi PLA E na Wa R84 118 10 ilb 7 iks Radel PPSU KA nza Wa Rize 13 N Ibsfin 10 1ks FEP 078 Ibs4n 3 nza Wa R25 nc break 3ksi PFA 0 077 Ibs in 3 wa Wa D60 Shore hc break 3 8654 ksi Composi
29. mbined with JDK 1 7 Netbeans is a free development environment that permits designing the TV screen using a graphical drag and drop style interface The Java Swing library is used to develop the display The second and critical part of the Lifeboard TV software is the JOBC ODBC Bridge that allows SQL queries in Java to query the Microsoft Access database Documentation for this bridge mentions that it will be eliminated in JDK 8 and more information can be found by visiting the oracle technotes webpage Using Netbeans along with the JOBC ODBC Bridge is the framework for taking information from the Access database and displaying it in an organized manner The design of the TV display is comprised of four sections as seen in Figure 10 The Fluids and Drugs sections are both larger than Interventions simply because they are used more often than Interventions The blank spot below the Interventions tab is for a live EKG display Among these sections the Fluids is the most complex as it displays the last three entries related to each of eight fluids listed Fluids that are not as commonly used do not have a three entry history and instead are added below the list of more commonly used fluids Technically speaking the TV display is created using jPanels jFrames and jTables The display design follows a tree structure as shown in Figure 11 The parent element on which the rest of the display is built is a jFrame Inside that jFrame is a JPanel whi
30. ment at Nationwide Children s Hospital the electronic trauma flow sheet idea has lagged behind other technological advances in the health and medicine environment 2 The increased use and reliance of electronic medical records has helped push the industry towards a unified digital system for data collection and has made solutions like Lifeboard much more beneficial Some doctors and hospital personnel are cautious of exploring electronic approaches mostly for reasons of cost and doubts about the superiority of new comprehensive possibilities as well as the perceived increased in complexity when moving away from pen and paper Some relevant standards to the Lifeboard project deal with medical practices software safety and physical hardware protection Each device included in this new Lifeboard technology will require a sufficient testing and training processes along with needing to be protected and clean A selection of these standards include the ASTM E2502 06 standard guide for medical transcription workstations ASTM D4508 10 regarding standard test methods for chip impact strength of plastics the ASTM E2457 07 standard terminology for healthcare informatics the ASTM 32117 06 standard guide for identification and establishment of a quality assurance program for medical transcription and the ASTM E2344 04 standard guide for data capture through the dictation process 5 When developing and supporting new technologies such as Lifeboard man
31. o the previous description of the average scribe nurse height The case weight needs to be considered taking into account the varied maximum tablet usage length during and after trauma events The user friendly ability of the app interface needs to encourage faster input than the 30 minutes to an hour and fifteen minutes a trauma process could take with a fifteen to thirty minute additional time it takes the scribe nurse to re enter and check data Time stamps and exactly how many liters of a fluid are examples of error that occurs during the recording of updates Error is approximated to be 15 so a constraint would aim towards a smaller percentage of total error than the current method of entering information into a hard copy trauma flow sheet Through the use of electronics and programming knowledge wireless display connectivity needs to be executed successfully A detailed summary of the project constraints can be found in the following Table 2 Design Constraints The design constraints heavily coincide with the project objectives The justifications for the constraints are also greatly related to the objective justifications and originate from the similar reasoning The cost of the inclusive project needs to definitely be less than the income of the project budget of 4 500 The determined reasonable durability drop test success height is 4ft similar to the previous description of the average scribe nurse height The case weight needs to be conside
32. on of the Android SDK this is Eclipse with the Android plugin for it http developer android com sdk index html hl sk 2 Install the project files by creating new projects and importing the files from file directory 3 Install the Java JRE The current system used Version 7 Rev 55 if a different version is used adjustments in the configuration of the projects 1n Eclipse will have to be made 4 Install and configure Android 16 using the SDK manager at the top of Eclipse green box with a white arrow pointing down Additional configurations with this will have to be made with LifeBoard_App make sure there isn t a red exclamation point over the project on the sidebar of Eclipse 5 Configure lyfeboard aacdb as a database source by opening the ODBC Data Source Administrator make sure it s the correct architecture version and adding a new Microsoft Access Driver If this isn t an option download Microsoft Access Redistributable 2010 and install it to get the drivers Once you select the driver add a new User DSN The name should be lyfeboard and the Database should section should be directed to the file Iyfeboard aacdb Once this step 1s done everything should work Note however that this 1s the trickiest step 1n the process and might need to be configured slightly different based on the machine Refer to the console errors listed when running TCPServer java for more details Code Commenting Due to auto refresh properties
33. on the patient to more accurately and easily collect data A professional final manufactured version of the tablet case with a clip corner quick release 28 VIII References 1 Adil Rauf 2012 Aug 2 The Usage of Tablets in the Healthcare Industry Available http www healthcareitnews com blog usage tablets healthcare industry 2 2011 February 28 Discussing the Future of Emergency Nursing Online Available http mediccast com nursingnotes 201 1 02 discussing the future of emergency nursing 3 N A 2013 Sept 13 Motion Computing Tablets Available http www motioncomputing com products tablet pc c5 asp 4 2006 March 8 Customer White Paper Tablet PCs in Health Care Online Available http www motioncomputing com resources WhitePaper HealthCare pdf 5 2006 2013 ASTM International Online Available http www astm org Standards category index html 6 Iltifat Husain Brett Einerson 2011 Jan 14 Top 15 Free Medical Apps for Healthcare Professionals Available http www imedicalapps com 201 1 01 top free android medical apps healthcare professionals 7 N A 2012 November 2 Centers for Diesase Control and Prevention Body Measurements Online Available http www cdc gov nchs fastats bodymeas htm 8 N A 2013 Nursing Statistics Online Available http www minoritynurse com minority nursing statistics 29 Appendix A List of Tables List of Tables Table 1 Design Objec
34. red based on potential trauma room activities that could result in tablet device damage such as dropping Design decisions were initially conceptualized by referring to the previous senior design team s software and tablet case design Beginning with case design the three previously manufactured prototypes including those from last year were analyzed for strengths and weaknesses After brainstorming sessions and two Pugh Matrices a clear design winner was chosen in the form of an improved version of the previous team s final prototype After it was decided to improve this design a morph chart was created to lay out different renovation possibilities To do this the case design was broken into sub categories such as cross brace design corner design arm strap etc Again this 1s more clearly described by the morph chart shown below Following these decisions prototypes were created utilizing 3D printing for each corner section of the case and acrylic sheets were purchased in order to create the cross brace The acrylic cross brace was decided upon mainly due to time constraints to provide a proof of concept case design 12 carbon fiber iber glass aluminum silicone _ mpactgel 0 t square de rt T svap comnectoniox hot fudnoeiloon ip ting ecti velcro Dai Ira S TR eee eee n Figure 1 Morph chart for material selection i Final Concept The final case design is constructed of three m
35. red taking into account the varied maximum tablet usage length during and after trauma events The user friendly ability of the app interface needs to encourage faster input than the 30 minutes to an hour and fifteen minutes a trauma process could take with a fifteen to thirty minute additional time it takes the scribe nurse to re enter and check data Time stamps and exactly how many liters of a fluid are examples of error that occurs during the recording of updates Error is approximated to be 15 so a constraint would aim towards a smaller percentage of total error than the current method of entering information into a hard copy trauma flow sheet Through the use of electronics and programming knowledge wireless display connectivity needs to be executed successfully along with wireless acquisition of select data 10 This includes flow rates of fluids in and out of a patient wirelessly acquired via Fluonics flow meters A detailed summary of the project constraints can be found in the following Table 2 Design Constraints Cost Funds used lt 4500 Durability Drop test ft 3 Feet Case Weight Including tablet lbs lt 5lbs Data entry speed Minutes lt 2 hrs Data entry Incompletion lt 5 completion Wireless Display Implemented or Implemented Connectivity Not Implemented Table 2 Design Constraints III Design Summary The current design of the Lifeboard consists of three primary areas the tablet case tablet interface and the
36. server display interface A new design for the table case was designed using a preliminary design from previous project team that is comprised of a cross brace of rigid material and four impact absorbing corners Improvements to the case include customized corners specifically designed to hold the tablet and cross brace together a latching system to hold the corners together to replace the rubber band in the previous design and a hand attachment on the back of the case to ensure security during use A prototype for this new design was manufactured to test the functionality of the new corner attachments and hand strap design To improve the computer hardware design of the system a permanent server was acquired and all necessary server and database software was installed and calibrated on the machine to maintain the link between tablet and hospital display screen eliminating the need for a personal computer for the system and moving the system one step closer to utilizing the hospital s own server and database Additionally a video module was purchased to combine the server 11 data and ECG display onto one large display screen Finally a new version of the tablet user interface was designed and implemented to address many of the improvements desired for the original user interface making it easier to use more accurate more flexible and wider in application IV Design Decisions A Case Design The final design of the case was conside
37. so that all information that was added on the tablet could also be edited or deleted all from the tablet s interface Editing and deleting was fully propagated to the database and display screen to ensure that all changes are updated for everyone in real time Both of these processes are done by choosing an entry on the history tab of the interface and selecting the edit or delete option for that entry In the case of the delete function with entry will be erased immediately without any other actions involved In the case of the edit function the corresponding dialog for that particular entry will be called to re enter and edit the content for that entry before being re saved into the system See Figures 6 7 Finally reference sections for burns and ACLS protocols and procedures were added for additional use during trauma scenarios The ACLS reference section is broken into four tabs displaying four ACLS algorithms for diagnosing and treating patients with cardiac issues See Figure 8 The Burns reference tab includes the burn area table of values dictating the size seriousness of each burn based on the area of the body and age of the patient as well as a front and back view for burn reference and Parkland s Formula for treating burn victims See Figure 9 D Display Interface 16 The TV Display for Lifeboard consists of several software components used for designing and using the graphical display The first of these tools is the Netbeans IDE co
38. tes Carbon Fiber 6k 1 76Mu m 3 22BGPa 3 2GPa Corner Padding Materials Why should we use this for impact protection 35 g cm 3 Sorhothane g excellent design quide matenal specs adhesive recommendations D3O ST 400 550 kg m 3 material specs intended use FXI nor really designed for impact protection ImpactGal very litte mtormatian not clear if it can he ordered as sheetsample Corner Padding Materials Round 2 Material Densit Why Is this a good design decision ee p 38 dlcm 3 excellent desidn quide maleral specs aulesive recommendations ID30 ST 400 550 Kty m 3 Inaterial specs intended use Figure 36 Material Decision Charts C Production Unit Cost Analysis After calculating the cost for each unit this project would be able to provide is of course an estimate with many depending factors Two main factors would first include whether or not these products could be mass produced and secondly comparing student labor hours versus profession driven labor hours Case Production Unit Cost Excluding Labor Hours Rockwest Composites 5 Dry Woven Fabric 3K 2x2 Plain Weave 204 GSM 50 x 1 yard 242 99 Rockwest Composites 5 West System Base Epoxy Resin 1 quart 42 99 Rockwest Composites 5 West System Fast Hardener 0 44 pint Alpha Plastics and Design UHMW1 5 X 12 X 12 32 52 McMaster Carr 5 Ultra Soft Polyurethane Strip 1 8 Thick 4 X 36 50 Oo Durometer 34 79 Fibre Glast 5 Part
39. tes are spared for miscommunication and uncertainties about timing dosages of medication fluids and life saving interventions Traditionally the scribe nurse of a trauma resuscitation team records each element administered to the patient using pen and paper an inefficient inaccurate way to collect information in these busy situations Designed to replace this method is Lifeboard an application for the Android operating system to be run on a Galaxy Tab 2 Overall goals of the project include faster more reliably recorded data easy viewing of recorded information via a large TV display thorough data management using a dedicated server and design of a durable case for the Galaxy tablet The Medical Center of the Rockies trauma department seeks a technologically engineered solution to a problem that prohibits maximum efficiency and accuracy for medical processes when capturing and communicating information When many caretakers are simultaneously conducting crucial procedures on a patient a hard copy recording of said procedures may not be the most suitable answer The use of tablet PCs in health care increases clinician mobility eliminates duplicate efforts facilitates real time communications provides greater access to data and much more 4 Some issues in implementing tablets include a lack of well engineered software difficulty meeting standards such as HIPAA that deal with patient information security and a lack of electrical infrastru
40. the tablet sees Progress on Lifeboard throughout the year has yielded an effective tablet case and major updates to the tablet GUI and TV display Even with this success there are more additions and modifications to Lifeboard that were out of the scope of this year s project These desired elements include adding more functionality and information for the tablet GUI integrating wireless data capture between medical devices and Lifeboard and updating the tablet case to become a professional mass producible unit Table of Contents Title Page l Executive Summary Table of Contents I Introduction and Background II Design Objectives and Constraints A Design Objectives B Design Constraints III Design Summary IV Design Decisions A Case Design B System Architecture C Tablet Interface D Display Interface E Abandoned Hardware Updates V Detail Design and Supporting Analysis A Mathematical with Computational Modeling and Analysis B Material Selection C Production Unit Cost Analysis VI Final Evaluation A Manufacturing and Assembly B Testing and Refinement C Project Development Cost Summary VII Conclusion and Recommendations VIII References Appendix A List of Tables OD OW WN NN AN AN AN WH NN OF ORF ORM NRF OR NHR NR NRK KK ON NN tA RW Appendix B Figures and Tables Appendix C User Manual oo A m I Introduction and Background Throughout vigorous trauma resuscitations in emergency situations no minu
41. tives 9 Table 2 Design Constraints 1 Table 3 FMEA Analysis 15 Table 4 Production Unit Cost Analysis 24 Table 5 Manufacturing Information 25 Table 6 All Encompassing Project Budget 28 Appendix B Figures 30 Figure 3 Individual Case Parts 31 LifeBoard App Common Figure 4 The Common Tab LifeBoard App Interventions Arterial Line Central Access Chest Tube Airway DPL FAST Foley Gastric Decompression Laceration Repair Needle Decompression Pericardiocentesis Peripheral IV Thoracotomy X Ray Other Intervention Bi 5 55 pm Figure 5 The Interventions Tab similar to the Fluids Tab and the Drugs Tab 32 LifeBoard App FLUIDS Events Add 2 Edit Delete Event 3 3 30 2014 18 22 44 test3 Event 2 3 30 2014 18 22 41 test2 Event 1 3 30 2014 18 22 37 test P PO lel 6 22 pm LifeBoard App FLUIDS History Interventions Fluids Drugs Edit Delete Edit Delete Edit Delete j 13 14 20 Arterial Line Left F6 14 32 FFP 1234 D11 13 47 Roc 9 mcg 12 14 17 Arterial Line Left F5 14 32 FFP 6789 D10 13 47 Etom 8 mg 11 14 1 ETT Endotracheal Intubation 3 0 5 F4 14 30 Plts 6 D9 13 47 Etom 234 mg F3 14 12 RBC 4 D8 13 47 Succ 5 mg F2 13 42 FFP 778888 D7 13 46 F7a 5 F1 13 42 FFP 56789 D6 13 46 Atropine 6547 mg D5 13 46 Mann 5 D4 13 46 Versed 5 mg D3 13 42 Mann 345 D2 13 42 CaGluc 77 Amp BG a 5 56 rm Figure 7 The History Tab including al
42. ufficient case for the Samsung Galaxy Tablet requires the successful determination and execution of a proper final case design For appropriate tablet protection the case testing system involves the analysis of gathered quantitative and qualitative experimental data of multiple trials to find case impact absorption ability b Summary i Scope 1 The successful completion of FEA model drop ergonomics and material cohesion testing predict expected results of valuable stress inducing force dispersion and overall project objective satisfaction ii Objectives 1 This specific testing plan is for drop testing the case The most pertinent objectives for drop testing are for the case weight to be lt 5 Ibs and to find the most optimized design for impact accommodation II Testing Schedule 4 Test both prototypes 20 days Mon 3 3 14 Fri 3 28 14 Funk Garcia Gather case test 10 days Mon 3 3 14 Fri 3 14 14 Funk Garcia Gata and analyze Make nec updates 10 days Mon Fri 3 28 14 Funk Garcia and gather test data 3 17 14 Updates and Report 12days Fri 3 28 14 Mon4 14 14 Garcia Figure 27 Drop Test Plan Doc 1 III Required resources dedicated allocated to testing a Hardware i Dummy tablets 1 Defective Samsung Galaxy II 10 1 Tablet 2 Wood for testing the case before the actual dummy ii Accelerometers multiple USB Impact Accelerometer Data Loggers 1 250g 50g range three axis accelerometer data recorder continuously stored to a 2GByte
43. y was able to input data quickly 4 5 a oy pe mach TENH Would amp DIR x eosHo S Cit inkmlooced abt kauce te hawt eset Emm A was able to input data accurate MERERI UPANA cola Ou Yt ume OR would add ung ar Dui ex TO antl would change Figure 13 Example of a Lifeboard Tablet Survey Figure 14 Three Foot Drop onto Tile td Ane do color blue elute unde rutilo 36 Acceleration g s un 2 E E 2 ft Corner Drop to Tile Time s Figure 15 Two Foot Corner Drop onto Tile 2ft Side Drop to Tile Time s Figure 16 Two Feel Side Drop onto Tile 3 Acceleration g s uA be oa me E E 1 ft Bottom Drop to Tile Time s Figure 17 One Foot Bottom Drop onto Tile Steady Tme j 7 7 985 7 987 7 989 7991 7 993 Time s Figure 18 38 2 ft drop to Bottom Side 2m ah E Pme E E i LA g Fri Aer L miT LA ia 941 i si S M 2 KA 1 s m WA MLD A ee Li a To NG Er D GN ER BER BEE T TN A jor i d Figure 20 Tablet and Foam Drawing 39 Figure 22 Case Cross Brace Drawing 40 Figure 24 Vacuum Molding 41 Figure 25 Epoxy Resin and Hardener Chemical Reaction EY EP FS BAL ale y Figure 26 Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Eum mata 42 CASE DROP TEST PLAN I Introduction a Purpose i The Lifeboard team creating a s
44. y challenges and considerations must be taken into account including industry push back on technological integration similar products competing for similar purposes and adhering to strict design standards Many of these considerations will help the design process of Lifeboard by providing a starting place determining how to benchmark performance Having Dr Dunn from the Medical Center of the Rockies as a sponsor will help this project immensely and provide our team the necessary resources to design build and test a fully functional trauma flow sheet replacement II Design Objectives and Constraints A Design Objectives Defined protocols are in place to minimize trauma chaos but each situation brings a host of caretakers to the bedside physicians respiratory therapists nurses pharmacists and other ancillary staff to provide assistance As a consequence many simultaneous interventions are occurring with each team member focused on their particular task These caretakers need to communicate quickly and effectively to ensure a positive outcome At present all events are charted on a paper form by a scribe and overall progression of the resuscitation may not be effectively communicated or understood by the entire team This can result in miscommunication and confusion The goal of this project is to more efficiently keep all team members coordinated and knowledgeable about events occurring simultaneously The goals of this project c
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