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DataHopper 900STN User Manual

1. Datahopper Configuration Tool Version 0 07 Status Log 05 19 2005 22 26 02 Tool Ready IP Address fi 92 168 100 1 Modbus Address 1 ni Exit Connect Comm Polling Function Blocks MHX amp Holding Fiqure 7 Configuration Tool The units should now be communicating Be sure to modify the network address and or the encryption key on both the master and slave units to ensure your DataHopper s don t inadvertently communicate with other DataHopper s that might happen to be in the same vicinity A complete summary of the settings defined by all four factory settings can be found in Appendix C Factory Default Settings Settings are not immediately stored in non volatile memory therefore the command amp W is issued to store the current configuration into non volatile memory Settings are retained even after powering down All user selectable parameters for the DataHopper 900 are described in detail in Sections 4 3 and 4 4 Checking the Link To check if the units are communicating observe the LED indicators In general if both the Master s and Slave s LINK LED s are ON then the units should be able to communicate If the link is good up to three RSSI LEDs on the Slave should be active The Slave s LINK LED will also be ON provided the DataHopper is correctly connected to the ethernet equipment and if the link is absent due to a fault at one end or another such as misconfiguration the RSSI LED s will be in either s
2. Indicates that data is being transmitted over the air 232 485 RX LED Indicates that data is being received over the air DIX LED indicates a digital input on or off DOX LED Indicates a digital output on or off AX Indicates a Analog Input or Output loop has been established Receive Signal Strength Indicator RSSI As the signal strength increases the number of active RSSI LED s increases starting with the furthest left MODE RSSI1 2 3 Command Mode off Data Mode Master RSSI mode based on all received packets See Table 1 on next page Data Mode Repeater alternating 300ms on During Sync Acquisition Data Mode Repeater RSSI mode based on packets received from When Synchronized Slaves See Table 1 on next page Data Mode Slave During alternating 300ms on Sync Acquisition Data Mode Slave RSSI mode based on packets received from the When Synchronized Repeater or Master with which it communicates See Table 1 on next page DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 2 Electrical Physical A Caution Using any other power supply which does not provide the proper voltage or current could damage the DataHopper 900 2 2 Received Signal Strength Indicators RSSI Signal strength which is also reported in Register S123 is calculated based on the last four valid received packets with correct CRC and represented by RSSI1 2 and 3 For slaves packets are received on every single hop either from
3. Operating Frequency System Gain Output Power Spreading Code Hopping Patterns Error Detection Enclosure Material Antenna Connector Weight Operating Environment Minimum Rejection Approvals FCC Industry Canada CE power limited version 100mW Electrical Physical 10Base T UTP RJA5 RS 232 Serial and RS 485 Serial RS 232 2400 baud to 115200 baud DB9 or Ethernet Port Power Link Integrity WAN TX WAN RX LAN TX LAN RX RSSI 232 485 TX 232 485 RX DI1 DI2 DO1 DO2 AI Loop AO Loop Up to 115 2 kbps Up to 30 km line of sight elevated antennas Non volatile configuration memory 256 frames Up to 10 000 addresses Point to point Point to multipoint Repeater Peer to Peer Diagnostics 10 30 VDC 250mA typical at 12VDC 500mA max at 12VDC 902 928 MHz 135 dB 10mW 50mW 100mW 250mW 500mW 750mW 1W Frequency Hopping 64 user selectable CRC 16 with auto retransmit Extruded aluminum raven black baked powder coat finish 6 250 x 6 10 x 2 135 Reverse polarity TNC Approx 420 grams 40 to 75 C 70 dB in band 80 dB out of band DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix E Technical Specifications 41 F Onboard I O Onboard I O Specifications The DataHopper 900 Series is equipped with Onboard I O accessible through Both MODBUS Master and MODBUS Slave protocols The DataHopper 900 Series with Onboard I O incorporates 2 digital inputs 2 digital outputs 1 4 20 mA analog input an
4. R1 is acting like a Master on Secondary Hopping Pattern 2 If multiple Repeaters are used they should have different Secondary Hopping Patterns RI 1 2 R2 2 5 lt gt S3 5 MII lt gt S4 2 R5 L3 lt R6 3 6 lt gt S7 6 R8 L4 lt gt S9 4 tT f L 4 Note that all units have a unique Unit Address Networks of any complexity can be created by linking multiple Repeaters and Slaves lt gt R1 1 2 S2 2 lt gt S3 2 lt gt R5 3 6 lt gt S6 6 M 1 R4 1 3 S7 6 lt R8 3 7 lt gt R9 7 8 lt gt t 4 lt gt SII 1 lt gt SI2 1 T 4 With a limitation of 49 hopping patterns one might suspect that there is a limitation to the number of repeaters in a system However if the units are far enough away from one another hopping patterns may be reused in different sections of the network without causing interference DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration Warning American Technologies strongly recommends changing the All units within a network must use the same encryption key Encryption Key to a value different than the factory default before deploying the network WARNING In order to comply with the FCC IC adopted RF exposure requirements this transmitter system will be installed by the manufacturer s reseller professional Installation of all antennas must be performed in a
5. Slave 1 Master Point to Multipoint In any given network there is always only one Master All other units should be configured as either Slaves or Repeaters When defined as a Point to Multipoint Master the unit broadcasts all packets to all Slaves and Repeaters in the network and is also the ultimate destination for data transmitted by all Slaves and Repeaters American Technologies uses a proprietary channel reservation scheme in Point to Multipoint that avoids collisions over the air This improves the throughput and bandwidth efficiency of the overall system DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 17 Network 50 PHP 1 SHP 2 Fepeater Figure 7 Repeater Operation x a Master PHP 1 Hop Pattem 1 Hop Pattem 3 p gt Repeater gave va mi PHP 2 PHP 3 HE3 Fepeater PH 1 SHP 2 Save PHP 2 Hop Pattem 2 Figure 8 A Network Utilizing Three Hopping Patterns 18 2 Master Point to Point This mode of operation provides for communication between the master and a single repeater or slave The master will communicate only with the slave or repeater which shares a common unit address with the master For example if a Slave has been assigned Unit Address 100 and the Master wishes to communicate with that Slave the Master s unit address must also be set to 100 If there are Repeaters in the network they will pass the packet through to the Slave and vice ver
6. not stored in non volatile memory until the WRITE command amp W is executed Refer to Appendix A for a summary of the S Registers Only one Master can exist for each network amp V View Configuration The amp V command displays all S registers and their current values amp W Write Configuration to Memory The amp W command stores the active configuration into the unit s non volatile memory Sxxx Read S register value This command causes the DataHopper to display the current setting of S register Xxx Sxxx yyy Set S register value see section 4 3 S Registers This command sets the specified S register to a value specified by yyy 4 3 S Registers The S Registers described in this section affect the operating characteristics of the DataHopper S Register 101 Operating Mode The Operating Mode register S101 partly defines the personality of the DATAHOPPER 900 Allowable settings for this register are 1 through 6 as follows S101 1 Master Point to Multipoint S101 2 Master Point to Point S101 3 Slave S101 4 Repeater S101 5 Master Diagnostics see Section 4 4 S101 6 Master Peer to Peer mode The default for this register depends on which factory default is selected as shown below Default for Factory Setting amp F1 is 1 Master Point to Multipoint Default for Factory Setting amp F2 is 3 Slave Default for Factory Setting amp F3 is 4 Repeater Default for Factory Setting amp F4 is 3
7. 2 About this Manual This manual has been provided as a guide and reference for installing and using the DataHopper 900 The manual contains instructions suggestions and information which will help you set up and achieve optimal performance from your equipment using the DataHopper 900 It is assumed that users have either system integration or system design experience Chapter 2 details the Datahopper 900 s physical attributes Chapter 3 explains the different modes of operation Chapter 4 provides complete details of all configuration parameters and Chapter 5 is an installation deployment guide The Appendices including the Glossary of Terms are provided as informational references which you may find useful throughout the use of this manual as well as during operation Throughout the manual you will encounter not only illustrations that further elaborate on the accompanying text but also several symbols which you should be attentive to A Caution or Warning Usually advises against some action which could result in undesired or detrimental consequences Point to Remember Highlights a key feature point or step which is worth noting Keeping these in mind will make using the DataHopper 900 more useful or easier to use Tip An idea or suggestion is provided to improve efficiency or to make something more useful With that in mind enjoy extending the boundaries of your communications with the DataHopper 900 DataHopper 900 Ope
8. Cabling The following coax cables are recommended Loss aB 1008 LMR 195 10 7 LMR 600 2 5 Factors to take into consideration when choosing a cable are e price e bend radius limitations the lower performance cables generally can bend more sharply e performance requirements and e distance between the equipment and the antenna When installing the cable always begin fastening at the top near the antenna connector surge arrestor The cable must be supported at the top with a hose clamp or wrap lock and at 5 ft intervals down the length of the tower Over tightening the fasteners will dent the cable and reduce performance If properly grounded surge arrestors are not installed at both the top and the bottom of the cable then the cable should be grounded to the tower at these locations using a cable grounding kit If the tower is non conductive then a separate conductor physically separate from the cable should be run down the tower DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 5 Installation A A A A D The installation removal or maintenance of all antenna components must be carried out by qualified and experienced professionals Never work on an antenna system when there is lightning in the area Always ensure that the DATAHOPPER 900 equipment is powered down during installation In order to comply with the FCC IC adopted RF exposure requirements this transmitter system will be installed by th
9. MODBUS slaves can be stored into a local MODBUS address table for use with HMI or any other industry standard MODBUS device MODBUS Slave Option The DataHopper 900 slave option provides MODBUS slave address up to 255 devices The DataHopper 900 MODBUS slave option also provides onboard I O in MODBUS industry standard protocol 1 Analog Input 4 20mA Digitizes to 12 bit accuracy 1 part in 4096 1 Analog Output 4 20 mA Digitizes to 12 bit accuracy 1 part in 4096 2 24VDC digital inputs 2 digital relay outputs Protocol MODBUS or MODNET DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix F Addendum 43 H Glossary Terminology Used in the DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Asynchronous communications A method of telecommunications in which units of single bytes of data are sent separately and at an arbitrary time not periodically or referenced to a clock Bytes are padded with start and stop bits to distinguish each as a unit for the receiving end which need not be synchronized with the sending terminal Attenuation The loss of signal power through equipment lines cables or other transmission devices Measured in decibels dB Bandwidth The information carrying capacity of a data transmission medium or device usually expressed in bits second bps Baud Unit of signaling speed equivalent to the number of discrete conditions or events per second If each signal event represents only one bit condition then baud rate equal
10. a repeater or the master When calculating RSSI the master takes into consideration all packets received from slaves and repeaters Repeaters and slaves only transmit back to the master when they have information to send Therefore if no data is coming back to the master then RSSI will never get updated at the master and the LED s will be off Table 1 RSSI LED operation Signal Strength dBm RSSI1 RSSD RSSI3 108 5096 duty cycle off off 79 50 duty cycle 2 3 DC Characteristics Pion cute oto samme 5 5 2 At 24VDC input DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 2 Electrical Physical 5 2 4 AC Characteristics Internal Reset to Data Mode an 200 ffs Figure 3 provides timing information for power up reset A fixed internal reset delay timer of roughly 500ms is triggered as the Vpor is reached Internal Reset Data Mode Valid when S o e S Figure 3 Reset Timing DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 2 Electrical Physical 3 Modes of Operation The DataHopper 900 can be easily configured to meet a wide range of needs and applications The unit is designed such that all data is transferred through the RS 232 port and all configuration data is sent received through the serial RS 232 port or RJ45 Ethernet port The Built in MODBUS routing table decides where MODBUS traffic goes depending on externally connected MODBUS devices The DataHopper will always be in one of five
11. basic modes data mode command mode diagnostics mode MODBUS master or Mobus slave 3 1 Data Mode Data mode is the normal operating mode of the DataHopper 900 When in data mode the DataHopper 900 is communicating with other DataHopper 900 s and facilitating wireless communication amongst two or more serial or Modnet equipped devices There are three basic elements to any DataHopper 900 communications network e One unit configured as the Master e Zero or more units configured as Repeaters e One or more units configured as Slaves The function of the Master is to provide synchronization for the entire network and to control the flow of data There is always one Master per network When the units are not in peer to peer mode the Master is the ultimate destination for all packets collected at the various repeaters and slaves in the network With the network set up for Point to Multipoint communication the Master broadcasts its packets to all repeaters and slaves in the system The DataHopper 900 is a frequency hopping transceiver meaning that it hops to a new frequency after a predetermined time interval This time interval is a fixed time of either 30 or 45 ms depending on the absence or presence of repeaters in the system The DataHopper 900 hops according to a pseudorandom pattern of 76 different channels When configured as a Slave the DataHopper 900 searches for synchronization with a Master Network topologies consisting
12. for some of the settings are described below 10 mW For in building use typically provides a link up to 300 feet on the same floor or up down a level Outdoors distances of 10 km can be achieved if high gain directional antennas are placed high above ground level and are in direct line of sight 200 500 ft indoors 8 15 km outdoors 100 mW 400 800 ft indoors 15 25 km outdoors Note that only an antenna with a gain of no more than 6 dBi may be used Any higher is a violation of FCC rules See IMPORTANT warning below 1000 mW Typically provides communications up to a distance of 1000 feet or 1 W more in building on the same floor or up down a few levels depending on building construction wood concrete steel etc In ideal line of sight conditions up to 30 km or more can be achieved These outdoor distances assume antennas are mounted at least 100 ft above ground level DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 21 22 Packet Retransmissions refers to the radio packets NOT to the ethernet packets All ethernet packet retries and retransmissions are taken care of by the IEEE 802 3 ethernet protocol American Technologies recommends setting the Packet Retransmissions to 0 In excessively noisy RF environments you may need to change this parameter IMPORTANT FCC Regulations allow up to 36 dBi effective radiated power ERP Therefore the sum of the transmitted power in dBm
13. loss between the unit and the antenna is 2 dB on both the transmitting and receiving side Cable Loss 2 dB Cable Loss 2 dB Antenna Gain 6 dB Antenna Gain 3 dB Transmitter Receiver 30 dBm Output Power Sensitivity 105 dBm The power level has been set to 30 dBm 1W on the transmitter and the receiver sensitivity for the DataHopper 900 is 108 dBm System gain would be calculated to be 30 2 6 3 2 105 140 dB DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 1 Mobile Height m Base Height m Distance km When deploying your system care must be taken to ensure the path loss reduction of signal strength from transmitter to receiver in dB between equipment does not exceed the system gain 140 dB in the above example It is recommended to design for a gain margin of at least 10 dB to ensure reliable communication Gain margin is the difference between system gain and path loss Referring to the same example suppose the path loss is 100 dB the gain margin would be 40 dB which is more than adequate for reliable communication Path loss is a very complicated calculation which mainly depends on the terrain profile and the height of the antennas off the ground The following table provides path loss numbers for varying antenna heights and antenna separation These numbers are real averages taken from rural environments They do not apply to urban non line of sight environm
14. memory Memory which retains information which is written to it Null modem cable See Crossover cable Point to point A simple communications network in which only two DTEs are participants Point to multipoint A communications network in which a Master DTE communicates with two or more Slave DTEs Repeater A device which automatically amplifies or restores signals to compensate for distortion and or attenuation prior to retransmission A repeater is typically used to extend the distance for which data can be reliably transmitted using a particular medium or communications device RS 232 Recommended Standard 232 more accurately RS 232C or EIA TIA 232E Defined by the EIA a widely known standard electrical and physical interface for linking DCEs and DTEs for serial data communications Traditionally specifies a 25 pin D sub connector DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix F Addendum although many newer devices use a compact 9 pin connector with only the essential signaling lines used in asynchronous serial communications Lines have two possible states high on active asserted carrying 3 to 425 V or low off inactive disasserted carrying 3 to 25 V RTU Remote Terminal Unit A common term describing a DTE device which is part of a wide area network Often a RTU performs data I O and transmits the data to a centralized station Serial communications A common mode of data transmission whereby charact
15. of a single Master and virtually any combination of Slaves and Repeaters may be deployed In additional the system can be configure as a peer to peer network The functionality of any particular DataHopper 900 can be configured in the following network topologies DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 3 Modes of Operation 7 x ES M S Network 1 UT ASSET S a d a M R S Network 2 al M S d S Network 3 x x A za MA RS M R j P S S Network 4 x a W zr M R rp R S vd S Network 5 Figure 4 Sample Network Topologies Virtually any Combination of Slaves and Repeaters May be Used B Master Point to Point The unit is configured to communicate with a single Slave either directly or through one or more Repeaters B Master Point to Multipoint The unit is configured to communicate with one or more S aves and or Repeaters E Master Peer to Peer In this mode the master sets the entire system into a peer to peer configuration including slaves and repeaters In this mode data sent from one unit is received by all other units B Slave The unit is configured to communicate with one Master either directly or through one or more Repeaters W Repeater The unit is configured to pass information from either a Master or another Repeater onto subsequent Repeaters and or Slaves and vice versa The Repeater also acts as a Slave in the sense that like a Slave it is capable of sending receiving packet
16. of non infringement implied warranties of merchantability for a particular purpose any interruption or loss of the hardware software and or product any delay in providing the hardware software and or product or correcting any defect in the hardware software and or product or any other warranty The Purchaser represents and warrants that American Technologies has not made any such warranties to the Purchaser or its agents AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES EXPRESS WARRANTY TO BUYER CONSTITUTES AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES SOLE LIABILITY AND THE BUYER S SOLE REMEDIES EXCEPT AS THUS PROVIDED AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PROMISE Indemnification The Purchaser shall indemnify American Technologies and its respective directors officers employees successors and assigns including any subsidiaries related corporations or affiliates shall be released and discharged from any and all manner of action causes of action liability losses damages suits dues sums of money expenses including legal fees general damages special damages including without limitation claims for personal injuries death or property damage related to the products sold hereunder costs and demands of every and any kind and nature whatsoever at law IN NO EVENT WILL AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT SPECIAL CONSEQUENTIAL INCIDENTAL BUSINESS INTERRUPTION CATA
17. omissions in this document or out of the application or use of the device described herein American Technologies products are appropriate are not authorized for utilization in applications where failure could result in damage to property or human injury or loss of life The electronic equipment described in this manual generates uses and radiates radio frequency energy Operation of this equipment in a residential area may cause radio interference in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures necessary to correct the interference FCC Declaration of Conformity This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 this device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may caused undesired operation This Device Complies with Industry Canada RSS210 2005 by American Technologies All Rights Reserved HyperTerminal is copyrighted by Hilgraeve Inc and developed for Microsoft Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation pcANYWHERE and Symantec are registered trademarks of Symantec Corp All other products mentioned in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Manual Revision 1 00 June 16 2005 iii DataHopper 900 Operating Manual nn iv maommouosw Contents Introducti
18. the Repeater and Factory 4 to the Slave These defaults will get you started and only ensure that a link can be established but do not necessarily provide the best performance Optimization of the communications link is discussed in later sections To implement the basic network illustrated in Figure 6 Network 1 1 Attach the supplied antenna 2 Connect a crossover cable between the Ethernet port and your PC or connect a straight cable to a Hub connected to a PC 3 Run the DataHopper configuration tool Type in the IP address and MODBUS address of the device factory default 192 168 100 1 and MODBUS address 1 Then click connect See Figure 7 After connected to the Radio select the MHX amp Holding Tab Click on the MHX 910 Telnet Type at ENTER The unit should respond with OK o n a 7 Configure the unit to Factory Setting 1 by typing AT amp F1 ENTER This puts the unit into Master Point to multipoint mode Store these settings to memory by typing AT amp W ENTER 9 Put the unit into Data Mode by typing ATA or ATO ENTER 10 Perform above steps for the second unit using Factory Setting 2 instead of Factory Setting 1 This will configure the second unit as a Slave DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 11 12 For successful communication all units in a network must have the same network address and encryption key Refer to Appendix A for a summary of the commands
19. Anfennas and OCURRE Command Summary Ethernet and Serial Interfaces eee eil alla Rca PER NUR xe dele EIU Factory Default Settings enceinte in i ER OH I IRINA RAINER O Ia 33 IAC ES e I 35 Technical Specifications cri ARETINO 37 Onboard I O LOIDI Uf GIOSSALY cire oA WITH TAE IRISH ARIAL ATTRA DataHopper 900 Operating Manual 1 Introduction 1 0 Product Overview The DataHopper 900 STN is a high performance wireless radio transceiver with MODBUS traffic routing and Onboard I O capable of providing reliable wireless data transfer between all types of equipment which have a serial or MODBUS Ethernet Interface The DataHopper 900 operates in the license free 902 928 MHz ISM band and is based on the same frequency hopping technology found in American Technologies DataHopper 2400 and DataHopper 900 product lines This technology has been utilized by American Technologies customers to provide reliable and cost effective wireless solutions A typical application is to bridge remote serial and Modnet PLC s to the LAN Transparent MAC address filtering ensures that no local Ethernet packets are transmitted over the RF channel thus providing optimal data throughput and seamless integration of the PLC with the network The ethernet interface is 10Base T and the serial interface is RS 232 or RS485 An Ethernet port is used f
20. ERE Ibat eee det ROI e UE Mee S Register 101 Operating Mode erede e eene dire eed et engen etre ie S Register 104 Network Address S Register LOS Unit Address icem emt e PER HEP REI O RE RARI S Register 106 Primary Hopping Pattern RR MERE I 16 S Register 206 Secondary Hopping Pattern doeet p ie tente oe uae ee RR EY esee AR 16 S Register 107 Encryption Key n e PO TR UU IRSE CE MORIR QU EO EUREN CAMIS UU YEAR XUI ERE S Register 108 Output Power Level i S Register 113 Packet RetransmisslOlns us eer e enit ha nee REALE Ted Ee ECEE EEEE VE EIAI ICI 19 S Regist r213 Packet Retry Emittent t e ER HER PEE HER HELEIE NE alan 20 S Register 118 ROaming i eee site SER rE RENE 20 S Register 122 Remote Control sesiis irsi ene eee eti e E ee e cen PEE ie 20 S Register 123 RSSI Reading 3 S Register 205 Repeaters Yes INOo 5 eerte eene eee RE Ree PER Tete eee tee RP Le POPE Ete HERREN 20 44 Diagnostics Statistics and Remote Control i ssssicsesssscesvscssiscacasesserssacsesecssvaunescvatstansecevavsusachesasncusuncvasteseassveesedadadetentstensotaveasessusevaendaicass 21 AAT Spectrum AnalyzerEeature oet RI EIA IR 4 42 SASS Iii eet e em pe ie eam e a va a Re e b e o HE e NEC BED 4 4 3 Remote Control and Diagnostics m DT EEG ILndlor E rei RI ROIO RIA RO IERI IRA i Trista ations x notado AE O A REL ER EO RE RR ER TEE DER LEES ERE EERERE SEE TUEEE RED e Ee HEU AFRO Sil Estimating the Gain Margin E ER DR 3 2
21. Operating Manual DataHopper 900 STN 900 MHz Spread Spectrum Radio Transceiver Revision 1 00 June 16 2005 3 American Control Technologies Inc 1152 West 2400 South Salt Lake City Utah 84119 Phone 801 972 5032 Fax 801 972 5056 www americancomptech com Warranty American Technologies warrants that each product will be free of defects in material and workmanship for a period of one 1 year for its products The warranty commences on the date the product is shipped by American Technologies American Technologies sole liability and responsibility under this warranty is to repair or replace any product which is returned to it by the Buyer and which American Technologies determines does not conform to the warranty Product returned to American Technologies for warranty service will be shipped to American Technologies at Buyer s expense and will be returned to Buyer at American Technologies expense In no event shall American Technologies be responsible under this warranty for any defect which is caused by negligence misuse or mistreatment of a product or for any unit which has been altered or modified in any way The warranty of replacement shall terminate with the warranty of the product Warranty Disclaims American Technologies makes no warranties of any nature of kind expressed or implied with respect to the hardware software and or products and hereby disclaims any and all such warranties including but not limited to warranty
22. Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 27 5 Installation 28 The installation removal or maintenance of all antenna components must be carried out by qualified and experienced professionals The installation removal or maintenance of all antenna components must be carried out by qualified and experienced professionals The DataHopper 900 complies with FCC part 15 for operation in the license free 902 928 MHz ISM band This chapter provides guidelines for installing and deploying equipment which incorporates the DataHopper 900 5 1 Estimating the Gain Margin Successful communication between DataHopper 900 s is dependent on three main factors e System Gain e Path Loss e Interference System gain is a calculation in dB describing the performance to be expected between a transmitter receiver pair The number can be calculated based on knowledge of the equipment being deployed The following four factors make up a system gain calculation 1 Transmitter power user selectable 2 Transmitter gain transmitting antenna gain minus cabling loss between the transmitting antenna and the DataHopper 900 3 Receiver gain Receiving antenna gain minus cabling loss between the receiving antenna and the DataHopper 900 4 Receiver sensitivity Specified as 108 dBm on the DataHopper 900 In the following illustration the transmitting antenna has a gain of 6 dB and the receiving antenna has a gain of 3 dB The cable
23. STROPHIC PUNITIVE OR OTHER DAMAGES WHICH MAY BE CLAIMED TO ARISE IN CONNECTION WITH THE HARDWARE REGARDLESS OF THE LEGAL THEORY BEHIND SUCH CLAIMS WHETHER IN TORT CONTRACT OR UNDER ANY APPLICABLE STATUTORY OR REGULATORY LAWS RULES REGULATIONS EXECUTIVE OR ADMINISTRATIVE ORDERS OR DECLARATIONS OR OTHERWISE EVEN IF AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES HAS BEEN ADVISED OR OTHERWISE HAS KNOWLEDGE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES AND TAKES NO ACTION TO PREVENT OR MINIMIZE SUCH DAMAGES IN THE EVENT THAT REGARDLESS OF THE WARRANTY DISCLAIMERS AND HOLD HARMLESS PROVISIONS INCLUDED ABOVE AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES IS SOMEHOW HELD LIABLE OR RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE OR INJURY AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES S LIABILITY FOR ANYDAMAGES SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PROFIT REALIZED BY AMERICAN TECHNOLOGIES ON THE SALE OR PROVISION OF THE HARDWARE TO THE CUSTOMER Proprietary Rights The Buyer hereby acknowledges that American Technologies has a proprietary interest and intellectual property rights in the Hardware Software and or Products The Purchaser shall not 1 remove any copyright trade secret trademark or other evidence of American Technologies ownership or proprietary interest or confidentiality other proprietary notices contained on or in the Hardware Software or Products ii reproduce or modify any Hardware Software or Products or make any copies thereof iii reverse assemble reverse engineer or decompile any Software or copy thereof in whole or in part iv sell transfe
24. blocks and their respective formulas m CONV2ELT UNITCONV DIFF SUM TRUNC DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration LOGICNOT LOGICXOR LOGICAND LOGICOR ISGTE ISGT ISEQUAL NONE Datahopper Configuration Tool Version 0 07 4 2 AT Commands Several AT Commands are supported by the DataHopper 900 These commands affect the operation of the unit in command mode and the transition between data and command modes More commands and S Register settings are discussed in Sections 4 3 and 4 4 To make the command line more readable you can insert as many spaces as desired The command line holds up to 16 characters not including the AT prefix If you want to send more than one command line wait for a response before entering the AT prefix at the start of the next command line To re execute the previous command enter A The unit will execute the previous command line When in Command Mode the DataHopper autobauds meaning that it will automatically adjust to the baud rate of the terminal You may change the terminal baud rate while in Command Mode without losing communication with the unit DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 15 The following is a description of all available commands denotes standard factory settings All of the following commands must be preceded by AT A Answer The A command puts the unit into data mode where it attempts to communicate w
25. canning mode or OFF See Section 2 2 for complete LED operation The Master s RSSI LED s will not turn on until data is received over the air The Master s LINK LED should turn on the instant the ethernet cable is plugged into the RJ 45 connector As packets are sent back and forth you should see activity on the 232 485TX 232 485RX WANTX WANRX LANTX and LANRX LED s Also one or more of the Master s RSSI LED s will turn on as it receives data from the slave DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration It is recommended that if the DataHopper 900 will be deployed in the field where large distances separate the units the units should be configured and tested in close proximity e g in the same room first to ensure a good link can be established and settings are correct This will facilitate troubleshooting should problems arise 4 2 MODBUS Configuration The DataHopper 900 STN is equipped with both MODBUS Master and MODBUS Slave operation protocols The MODBUS Master protocol allows for polling of 16 bit registers from any MODBUS slave device MODBUS slave device may be connected directly to the DataHopper 900 through the Serial port or the Ethernt port or acquired remotely over the RF port The DataHopper 900 can poll of to 255 remote MODBUS devices To begin configuring the MODBUS open the DataHopper configuration tool Connect to the DataHopper 900 as described earlier in this section After connecting to the Da
26. d 1 4 20 mA analog output Loop power is provided by the 24VDC power supply this feature comes factory default on It may be disabled using jumper on controller board 1 4 20 Input D 4 20 Input also local Ground Al0 3 4 20 Output Alo 4 4 20 Output AO0 5 Relay 1 Common AOO 6 Relay 1 NO KIC a Relay 2 Common KINO 8 Relay 2 NO K2C 9 Digital Inl Positive K2NO 10 Digital Inl Return DIO 11 Digital In2 Positive DIO RET 12 Digital In2 Return DI DI1_RET Onboard I O Connection Layout 42 DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix F Addendum G MODBUS General The DataHopper 900 may be configured as a MODBUS master or MODBUS slave The MODBUS Master can communicate with any industry standard MODBUS or Modnet slave device The MODBUS slave option is addressable up to 255 slave addresses via the configuration software Radio with an add on board that stores 120 bytes of received data at 115 2 Kbps and retransmits that data allowing the DataHopper to be used as a repeater The MODBUS slave option provides 2 digital inputs 2 digital relay outputs 1 analog input 4 20 mA with 12 bit accuracy and 1 analog output 4 20 mA with 12 bit accuracy The DataHopper 900 can be configured as a MODBUS master MODBUS slave and repeater in the same system MODBUS Master Option The DataHopper 900 is configurable as MODBUS master The DataHopper 900 can poll up to 255 industry standard MODBUS slave devices The collected data from the
27. ded Read from slave acquires data from MODBUS slave registers Write to Slave writes to MODBUS slave registers W Response Timout The time until poll is faulted Faults The current number of faulted polls W Poll Fault Limit Should be set to 232 4 2 2 Configuring Polling Parameters Choose a Poll table index 1 99 The poll table index can only be configured once for each group of MODBUS register read or written to aslave After a Poll table index has been selected input which MODBUS address this Poll table index will poll 1 255 Select which direction the MODBUS registers will be moving Read from slave moves data from Slave MODBUS register to Master Register Write to slave movies data from Master MODBUS register to Slave Registers Type the Register Location of the required starting data area 4001 should be input as a 1 Type the number of holding register preceeding the starting data register a 3 will move registers 4001 4002 and 4003 Type a Destination Holding register for where the Slave holding registers will be located 4050 should be input as a 50 Select a poll route status Enabled Offline or Fault The number of faults should always be inputed as zero unless checking polling status The poll fault limit should always be set to 232 this feature will be removed from future versions 4 2 3 Function Blocks The DataHopper 900 STN allows up to 49 selectable function blocks Below are a list of function
28. ding data which cannot be received at the other end due to conditions such as a full buffer or hardware not in a ready state This is ideally handled by hardware using flow control and handshaking signals but 44 DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix F Addendum can be controlled also by software using X ON X OFF transmitter on off commands Frequency hopping A type of spread spectrum communication whereby the carrier frequency used between transmitter and receiver changes repeatedly in a synchronized fashion according to a specified algorithm or table This minimizes unauthorized jamming interference and interception of telecommunications Full duplex Where data can be transmitted simultaneously and independently bi directionally Half duplex Exists when the communications medium supports bi directional transmission but data can only travel in one direction at the same time Handshaking A flow control procedure for establishing data communications whereby devices indicate that data is to be sent and await appropriate signals that allow them to proceed Line of sight Condition in which a transmitted signal can reach its destination by travelling a straight path without being absorbed and or bounced by objects in its path Master The station which controls and or polls one or more Slave stations in a point to point or point to multipoint network Often functions as a server or hub for the network Non volatile
29. e manufacturer s reseller professional Installation of all antennas must be performed in a manner that will provide at least 20 cm clearance from the front radiating aperture to any user or member of the public To comply with FCC regulations you must limit ERP to 36 dBm or less 5 2 3 Antenna Before choosing an antenna you should have some knowledge of the path loss and the topology of the equipment If the equipment is in a fixed location and is to communicate with only one other unit also in a fixed location then a Yagi antenna is suitable Choose a Yagi with enough gain to ensure adequate gain margin When deploying the Yagi point the antenna towards the intended target ensuring the antenna elements are perpendicular to the ground If the equipment must communicate with multiple or mobile transceivers then select an Omni directional antenna with appropriate gain The Effective Radiated Power ERP emitted from the antenna cannot exceed 36 dBm ERP With the DataHopper 900 set to full power ERP is calculated as follows ERP 30 Cabling and Connector Losses Antenna Gain lt 36 Use the guidelines in the previous section for calculating cable and connector losses If cabling and connector losses are 2 dB then the maximum allowable gain of the antenna will be 8 dB 5 2 4 External Filter Although the DataHopper 900 is capable of filtering out RF noise in most environments there are circumstances that require e
30. e Press and release the pushbutton on the back of the unit and then type at ENTER You should see the response OK or e Type several characters followed by at ENTER You should see the response OK The DataHopper looks for toggling of the RS 232 TxD line Two or three characters is usually enough to trigger the unit into command mode Figure 5 provides a state diagram for power up command mode and data mode 3 4 Diagnostics Mode The DataHopper has a useful tool for analyzing the performance of the network From the master you can remotely retrieve information from all repeaters and slaves in the system You may also modify some of the operating parameters on remote slaves and repeaters Diagnostic commands are described in greater detail in Section 4 4 Only the master may go into diagnostics mode To enter diagnostics mode Enter command mode in the usual manner 2 Change the operating mode to diagnostics by typing ATS101 5 ENTER 3 Type ATA or ATO ENTER To exit diagnostics mode and go into data mode reset the modem or toggle the power See Section 4 4 for a description of the diagnostic commands DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 3 Modes of Operation 4 Radio Configuration AN Warning After testing the units for correct operation using the quick start approach be sure to modify some of the security parameters such as Network Address and Encrypt
31. eached When the retransmission limit is reached the Master discards the packet The Master retransmits once at the beginning of each hopping interval As discussed previously the Repeater effectively behaves as both a Master and a Slave When the Repeater is tuned to its Secondary Hopping Pattern acting as a Master the Packet Retransmissions Parameter comes into play The Repeater will re send packets of data on to Slaves or other Repeaters exactly the number of times defined by the Packet Retransmissions parameter Recipients of the packet will discard any duplicates Valid settings for this parameter are 0 to 255 retransmissions The default is 0 DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration S Register 213 Packet Retry Limit Packet Retry Limit is analogous to Packet Retransmissions but specifically applies to Slaves and Repeaters This parameter is not used by the Master Because the Slave has the advantage of receiving acknowledgements from the Master it is not necessary to blindly retransmit each packet If the Slave does not get an acknowledgement on the next hop it will retransmit its packet This will continue until the Packet Retry Limit is reached or an acknowledgement is received If the limit is reached the unit will give up and discard the data Valid settings are 0 to 255 retries The default value is 2 The Repeater makes use of this parameter when it is tuned to its Primary Hopping Pattern and is acting l
32. ents Distance Base Height ibo dadi Path Loss ut m dB Once the equipment is deployed you can verify the signal strength by entering into Command Mode and reading Register S123 This register provides the average signal strength in dBm The minimum strength for communication is roughly 108 dBm For consistent reliable communication you should try to deploy the equipment such that signal strength exceeds 95 dBm DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 5 Installation 29 30 5 2 Antennas and Cabling This section describes the recommended procedure for installing cabling and antennas for use with the DataHopper 900 The installation removal or maintenance of all antenna components must be carried out by qualified and experienced professionals Never work on an antenna system when there is lightning in the area Direct human contact with the antenna is potentially unhealthy when the DataHopper 900 is generating RF energy Always ensure that the DataHopper 900 equipment is powered down during installation 5 2 1 Surge Arrestors The most effective protection against lightning is to install two lightning surge arrestors One at the antenna and the other at the interface with the equipment The surge arrestor grounding system should be fully interconnected with the transmission tower and power grounding systems to form a single fully integrated ground circuit Typically both ports on surge arrestors are N female 5 2 2
33. er bits are sent sequentially one at a time using the same signaling line Contrast with parallel communications where all bits of a byte are transmitted at once usually requiring a signal line for each bit Shielded cable Interface medium which is internally shrouded by a protective sheath to minimize external electromagnetic interference noise Slave A station which is controlled and or polled by the Master station for communications Typically represents one end of a point to point connection or one of the terminal nodes in a point to multipoint network Often a RTU is linked by a Slave DCE Spread spectrum A method of transmitting a signal over a wider bandwidth using several frequencies than the minimum necessary for the originally narrowband signal A number of techniques are used to achieve spread spectrum telecommunications including frequency hopping Spread spectrum provides the possibility of sharing the same band amongst many users while increasing the tolerance to interference and noise and enhancing privacy of communications Throughput A measure of the rate of data trans mission passing through a data communication system often expressed as bits or characters per second bps or cps 45
34. esses are 1 to 65535 S Register 104 Network Address The Network Address defines the network membership to which individual units can be a part of By establishing a network under a common Network Address the network can be isolated from any other concurrently operating network As well the Network Address provides a measure of privacy and security Only those units which are members of the network will participate in the communications interchange Valid values for the Network Address range from 0 to 65535 inclusive To enhance privacy and reliability of communications where multiple networks may operate concurrently in close proximity it is suggested that an atypical value be chosen perhaps something meaningful yet not easily selected by chance or coincidence Default is 1 S Register 105 Unit Address In point to point operation the Unit Address on both the Master and Slave or Repeater units must be the same In a multipoint system the Unit Address uniquely identifies each Slave and Repeater from one another Each unit in a multipoint system must have a unique Unit Address ranging from 1 to 65535 Do not use 0 as a Unit Address and do not use a Unit Address more than once within the same Network This is required because the Master must be able to acknowledge each unit individually based on the Unit Address S Register 106 Primary Hopping Pattern S Register 206 Secondary Hopping Pattern Since the DataHopper 900 i
35. etween the Ethernet port and you PC 3 Run any terminal application program such as Hyperterminal or Telnet 4 Setthe terminal s serial port to any baud rate between 2400 and 115200 baud 8N1 no flow control The default IP address is 192 168 100 1 for telnet services 5 Apply power to the DataHopper 900 6 Type at ENTER two or three times until you see the response OK The first few characters that you type simply alert the unit that you wish to go into command mode Type AT amp V ENTER DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 3 Modes of Operation 3 2 1 AT Command Interface At this point you should see a menu similar to the following appear Operating Mode Repeaters Yes No Network Address Unit Address Hop Pattern Encryption Key Output Power Packet Retransmissions Roaming Remote Control Average RSSI value Secondary Hop Pattern Packet Retry Limit OK The DataHopper 900 is configured through an AT Command line interface using a command set which is very similar to a traditional Hayes telephone modem command set All line entries must be preceded by the characters AT The characters AT are known as the attention characters and must be typed at the beginning of each command line For example to change the operating mode type ATS101 2 ENTER The unit should respond with OK The above command will set the operating mode to Master Point to Point Register settings are not
36. ike a Slave S Register 118 Roaming This mode is activated on slaves and repeaters by setting register S118 1 In this mode a slave repeater looks for synchronization with a Master or repeater having the same network address and encryption key but without regard for the hopping pattern S106 Once the slave repeater finds such a master or repeater it tunes to that master s repeater s hopping pattern If synchronization is lost the slave repeater will again begin searching for a new master repeater Using this algorithm a mobile unit can roam and automatically synchronize with a new master once it loses communication with the previous one See Appendix F The allowable settings for this register are 0 Disabled 1 Enabled S Register 122 Remote Control This register either disables or enables remote control at a repeater or slave unit When disabled a slave repeater s settings may be remotely read by the master but may not be remotely modified When enabled the slave repeater allows the network master full remote control access See Section 4 4 3 for details The default is 0 disabled S Register 123 RSSI Reading This register displays the average signal strength in dBm over the previous four hop intervals The value in this register is also reflected in status lines RSSI1 2 and 3 See Section 2 2 for a description of RSSI and how it is derived S Register 205 Repeaters Yes No Set the Master s S205 1 for system
37. immediately stored to non volatile memory Therefore if the unit is powered down at this point the operating mode would revert to its previous value To store any recently updated command registers the following write command must be entered AT amp W ENTER 3 3 Switching Between Command and Data Modes Your DataHopper must be in command mode for it to execute a command If you send characters when the unit is in data mode the first few characters will be disregarded To ensure you are in command mode type at ENTER two or three times until you get a response OK It is important to note that any activity on the serial port will put the unit into command mode Therefore when the unit is running in normal data mode it is recommended to have the serial port disconnected The terminal should be set between 2400 and 115 200 baud 8N1 No Flow Control In command mode the DataHopper autobauds meaning that it will adapt to the baud rate of the DTE equipment to which it is connected DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 3 Modes of Operation 9 Figure 5 State Diagram 10 500 msec You can place the unit into data mode from command mode either by e Issuing the answer command ATA lt ENTER gt or e Issuing the online command ATO ENTER These two commands are functionally identical The DataHopper will now attempt to communicate with other DataHopper s To return to command mode either
38. inish system throughput any further To understand Repeater operation consider the DataHopper 900 as belonging to two hopping patterns at the same time The Primary Hopping Pattern and the Secondary Hopping Pattern In Figure 7 the Master belongs to Hopping Pattern 1 and communicates with the Repeater on this hopping pattern The Slave belongs to Hopping Pattern 2 and communicates with the Repeater on this hopping pattern The whole system belongs to Network 50 i e all units must be assigned the same Network Address S104 which in this case was selected to be 50 Note that Slaves and Master only communicate on their respective Primary Hopping Pattern Repeaters communicate on the Primary Hopping Pattern when communicating with the Master or with another Repeater between itself and the Master Repeaters communicate on their Secondary Hopping Pattern when communicating with Slaves or with another Repeater between itself and the Slaves Figure 8 shows another example DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration D Select a Network Address and assign it to all units which will be included in the network Warning American Technologies strongly recommends changing the Network Address to a value different from the factory default before deploying the network Use the same Unit Address on both units for point to point mode In multipoint mode set each Slave and Repeater to a different Unit Address Valid Unit Addr
39. ion Key to avoid unintentional communication with other users of DataHopper 900 products x a M S Network 1 a dm Sa w do a M R S Network 2 Figure 6 Basic Networks This chapter provides a detailed description of the various operating parameters of the DataHopper 900 STN Section 4 1 provides a quick start approach which outlines the minimum requirements for establishing communication between two DataHopper 900 s The settings will not necessarily provide optimal performance for your application but will verify that the units are functioning correctly Section 4 2 describes the MODBUS configuration and a sample Section 4 3 describes the AT Command interface and the various AT Commands Section 4 4 covers all S Register parameters which affect the operation of the unit and Section 4 4 provides a description of all diagnostic features of the DataHopper 4 1 Quick Start Approach There are several parameters that must be set in order to establish communication between a pair of DataHopper 900 s The DataHopper 900 is equipped with four standard factory default settings Instead of manually configuring each individual operating parameter a global command may be used to quickly configure the unit for a particular type of operation For example to quickly implement Network 1 apply Factory default 1 to the Master and Factory default 2 to the Slave To quickly set up Network 2 apply Factory 1 to the Master Factory 3 to
40. ith other compatibly configured DataHopper s Type ATA ENTER Dxxxxx DTxxxxx DPxxxxx Dial The D DT or DP are identical commands which change the unit address to xxxxx and puts the unit into data mode Type ATDxxxxx lt return gt I Identification The I command returns various information settings 10 String up to 16 characters stored in non volatile memory Il Product Code DataHopper 900 I2 Issue ROM Check OK or ERROR I3 Product Identification Firmware Version I4 Firmware Date I5 Firmware Copyright I6 Firmware Time I7 Serial Number O On line Mode The O command puts the unit into data mode This command is identical to the A command 16 Z Reset and load stored configuration The Z command resets the unit and loads the stored configuration amp F Load Factory Default Configuration The amp F command resets the DataHopper and loads the default factory configuration amp F1 amp F2 amp F3 amp F4 Master Point to Multipoint Designed to communicate with units configured as amp F2 or amp F3 Slave Designed to communicate with another unit configured as amp F1 Repeater Designed to communicate with units configured as amp F1 and amp F4 Slave working with factory default Repeater and factory default Master Communicates directly with Repeater configured as amp F3 DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration Configuration options are
41. manner that will provide at least 20 cm clearance from the front radiating aperture to any user or member of the public S Register 107 Encryption Key The Encryption Key provides a measure of security and privacy of communications by rendering the transmitted data useless without the correct key on the receiver Valid Encryption Keys range from 0 to 65535 Keep in mind that all units within the network must use the same key for communications to succeed S Register 108 Output Power Level The Output Power Level determines at what power the DataHopper 900 transmits The DataHopper 900 s sensitive receiver can operate with very low power levels so it is recommended that the lowest power necessary is used using excessive power contributes to unnecessary RF pollution The allowable settings are 0 10 mW 4 500 mW 1 50 mW 5 750 mW 2 100 mW 6 1W 3 250 mW Modems with output power limited to 100mW can be purchase in compliance with different country radio regulations DataHopper 900 is standard 1W maximum output and DataHopper 900 with CE approval is standard 100mW maximum output Your maximum power setting will be shown on your unit s identification sticker Ideally you should test the communications performance between units starting from a low power level and working upward until the RSSI is sufficiently high and a reliable link is established Although the conditions will vary widely between applications typical uses
42. nicating devices Can also be used to make cabled DCE to DCE con nections The name is derived from crossing or rolling several lines including the TX and RX lines so that transmitted data from one DTE is received on the RX pin of the other DTE and vice versa Data Communications Equipment DCE also referred to as Data Circuit Terminating Equipment Data Set A device which facilitates a communications connection between Data Terminal Equipment DTEs Often two or more compatible DCE devices are used to bridge DTEs which need to exchange data A DCE performs signal encoding decoding and conversion of data sent received by the DTE and transmits receives data with another DCE Common example is a modem Data Terminal Equipment DTE An end device which sends receives data to from a DCE often providing a user interface for information exchange Common examples are computers terminals and printers dBm Stands for Decibels referenced to one milliwatt 1 mW A standard unit of power level commonly used in RF and communications work n dBm is equal to 10 milliwatt so OdBm ImW 10dBm 0 1mW 20dBm 0 01mW etc DCE See Data Communications Equipment DTE See Data Terminal Equipment Flow Control A method of moderating the transmission of data so that all devices within the communications link DTEs and DCEs transmit and receive only as much data as they can handle at once This prevents devices from sen
43. om the DTE via TX to the DataHopper 900 GND Signal Ground Provides a ground reference for all signals transmitted by both DTE and DCE DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix B Serial Interface 35 36 DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix B Serial Interface C Factory Default Settings AT amp F1 Master Default Settings AT amp F3 Repeater Default Settings AT amp F2 Slave Default Settings AT amp F4 Slave Through Repeater Default Settings DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix C Factory Default Settings 37 38 DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix C Factory Default Settings D Hopping Patterns This Appendix provides a guide for selecting appropriate hopping patterns S106 S206 There are 49 hopping patterns Patterns have been designed to notch out certain segments of the ISM band Patterns 53 to 63 may be manually edited by entering AT amp H at the Command Line Each pattern must use a channel only once and must consist of exactly 76 channels There are 127 channels available ranging from Channel 1 at 902 4 MHz up to Channel 127 at 927 6 MHz DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix D Hopping Patterns 39 40 DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Appendix D Hopping Patterns E Technical Specifications Data Interface Configuration Interface Indicators Throughput Communications Range Memory Buffer Capacity LAN Address Memory Operating Modes Supply Voltage Supply Current
44. on 1 0 Product Overview 1 1 1 Features andai id 1 2 About this Man al PERO CERI 2 Electrical Physical 2 1 Connectorsand MdicAtors c oe ee E NAE SERO RU ERREUR eie OAL NGAUS SRRI A eee eee 3 2 2 RSSI Received Signal Strength Indicators 2 3 DCE Char cteristiCS ennenen 5 2 4 AC Characteristics vi ise ree e I ER CUN VIO ARI TOA TE 6 Modes of Operation teret GO RR RR RI EN RR THER MEER CORE as RE CURE Sede ea hane 7 3 14 e Data MOGes rie mente eene m NN en tem RR 7 3 2 MODBUS MOIE re LIRICO TORO 8 3 3 Command Mode 3 3 1 AT Commian d Interface oec ila lia ZIO RT 9 3 4 Switching Between Command and Data Modes iii 9 3 5 Diagnostics Mode 5e dre eap RUP ROIG DEI EE ERO SD ERI GG BUR pa ete Configuration erento 4 1 DataHopper Configuration Tool 5s 4 2 MODBUS Conf guration tai IR RR II RO E 43 AT Commands I Identification O Online Mode Z Reset Unit and load stored confi guration uniti eie IER RI 13 SCF Load Factory default configuration tpi e C eU C RED YO ODER Uc AU REY EEG eH HR EXE 13 amp V View COnfigUFatlOn netten ATENA ROTA INFETTI LR amp W Write Configuration to memory SXXX Read S Tegister Valu lE M Sxxx yyy Set Sve sister vale ll anta O RIE IO NERO EE EYE en HR e cosa ERREUR a E a 44 SS ROglSters ce teorie RERO TR ne eee e e RE e RE ER E E SER
45. or configuring the operating parameters of the unit Users have the ability to configure each DataHopper 900 as a Master Repeater or Slave In addition several other operating parameters can be modified through this port to optimize for point to point or point to multipoint communication and to ensure secure and private data transmission A diagnostics mode enables the Master to monitor the performance of all remote radios in the system 1 1 Features Key features of the DataHopper 900 include E transmission within a public license exempt band of the radio spectrum this means that it can be used without access fees such as those incurred by cellular airtime B Built in MODBUS master and slave routing capability B Onboard I O 2 digital inputs 2 digital outputs 1 analog input and 1 analog output Wi 64 sets of user selectable pseudo random hopping patterns intelligently designed to offer the possibility of separately operating multiple networks while providing security reliability and high tolerance to interference E encryption key with 65536 user selectable values to maximize security and privacy of communications B built in CRC 16 error detection and auto re transmit to provide 100 accuracy of data 902 928 MHz which is license free within North America may need to be factory configured differently for some countries including operation in Europe DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1
46. ount at zero each time the unit is powered up or after the ATP command has been issued Entering the ATP command clears all statistics back to zero The maximum limit for each statistic is 65535 O Ht Hb Hb Hb db db DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 4 4 3 Remote Control and Diagnostics S101 5 This is a very powerful tool which allows users to remotely configure and interrogate all units in a multipoint system from the Master unit Users can set the unit address of the master to match that of the slave repeater of interest set S101 5 go online and interrogate modify virtually all parameters of the remote repeater slave unit It should be noted that when the master goes online all other units belonging to the network will synchronize with the master but only the unit whose unit address matches the master s will respond to the master s diagnostic commands In addition in diagnostics mode the master can change its unit address on the fly avoiding the delays of going into command mode modifying the unit address going back online and re synchronizing with the entire network before interrogating a new slave repeater The master s unit address can be changed while still maintaining synchronization with the entire network allowing for quick and efficient diagnostic sessions with all remote units Ensure that register S122 1 on any slave repeater that you wish to remotely modify Table 4 provides a diagnos
47. own or reset should be stored to non volatile memory by issuing the write command e DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 25 Table 4 Remote Control and Diagnostics ES As mentioned previously in this section there are some settings that can be changed to the master s own registers while in diagnostics mode The most useful is the unit address By changing the master s unit address to that of another slave in the network while in diagnostics mode users can quickly interrogate modify many different slave s settings without the delays associated with switching between command and data modes The commands which apply to the master s own registers are shown in Table 5 Table 5 Master Diagnostics Commands Start Loopback test In the loopback test the master continuously sends data packets one per hop to the slave which in turn loops the packet back to the master Correctly received packets at the master are denoted by a Incorrectly received packets are denoted by a C The first channel of the hopping pattern is denoted with a In general this test is useful for determining if there are any bad RF channels Issue any valid command to terminate the loopback test Show loopback statistics then clear them This command should be issued before beginning the loopback test to ensure counters are set to zero DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration DataHopper 900
48. r or otherwise make available to others the Hardware Software or Products or documentation thereof or any copy thereof except in accordance with this Agreement ii DataHopper 900 Operating Manual DataHopper 900 900 MHz Spread Spectrum Industrial Ethernet Bridge WARNING In order to comply with the FCC IC adopted RF exposure requirements this transmitter system will be installed by the manufacturer s reseller professional Installation of all antennas must be performed in a manner that will provide at least 20 cm clearance from the front radiating aperture to any user or member of the public S X7 American Control Technologies Ltd providing complete wireless solutions 1573 North Main Street Fall River Ma 02720 Phone 508 672 0125 Fax 508 672 0254 This manual contains information of proprietary interest to American Technologies It has been supplied in confidence to purchasers and users of the DataHopper 900 and by accepting this material the recipient agrees that the contents will not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part without prior written consent of American Technologies American Technologies has made every effort to assure that this document is accurate and complete However the company reserves the right to make changes or enhancements to the manual and or the product described herein at any time and without notice Furthermore American Technologies assumes no liability resulting from any
49. rating Manual Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Electrical Physical AN Caution Be sure to observe 10BaseT cabling conventions when connecting to the RJ45 modular jack Use straight through wiring when connecting the DataHopper to the hub Use crossover wiring when connecting the DataHopper to the station See Appendix B for details 2 1 Connectors and Indicators The DataHopper 900 connects to the users equipment through a standard 8 pin RJ45 modular jack and a DB9 Serial Port Back panel connections are illustrated in Figure 1 Figure 1 Back Panel The interface connectors and indicator lights are described below Power Jack The DataHopper supports 24 VDC through this 2 1mm power jack A built in switching supply enables the DataHopper to power both 4 20 mA analog loops and dry contacts The power source should be rated for at least 300mA at 24V RS 232 Port Standard female DB9 connector provides RxD TxD and ground signals for connection to a DTE device This port is used for connecting the DataHopper 900 to any RS 232 serial device Use a regular straight through serial cable when connecting this port to your computer or terminal operates at 2400 to 115 200 bps The levels are active high RS 232 levels and include See Appendix B for a complete description 2 RxD Receive Data O 4 RxD RecieveData RS 48 O 5 Gn Grud 6 TxD TransmitData RS485 1 RJ45 This por
50. s 1 65535 Primary Hopping Pattern 0 63 Secondary Hopping Pattern 0 63 Encryption Key 0 65535 Output Power Level 02 10 mW 1 50 mW 2 100 mW 3 250mW 4 500mW 5 750mw 6 1W Packet Retransmissions 0 255 Packet Retry Limit 0 255 Roaming Disabled 1 Enabled Remote Control Disabled 1 Enabled RSSI dBm Repeaters Disabled 1 Enabled DATAHOPPER 900 Operating Manual Appendix A Command Summary SPECTRA 910 Operating Manual RS 232 Interface and Cables 33 B Ethernet and Serial Interfaces DataHopper User Terminal DCE DTE Signal 1 IN 2 RX IN 3 lt TX OUT 4 OUT 5 GND IN 6 IN 7 OUT 8 IN The DataHopper uses a standard 8 pin RJ45 modular jack for the 10BaseT ethernet port The pinout is as follows Pin Number Signal VO 1 TD O 2 TD O 3 RD I 4 Unused 5 Unused 6 RD I 7 Unused 8 Unused Use straight through 10BaseT cable when connecting to the hub Use a 10BaseT crossover cable when connecting to a station ethernet equipped computer as follows 1 TD 2 TD 3 RD 6 RD 1 TD 2 TD 3 RD 6 RD The signals in the RS 232 asynchronous serial interface are described below RX Receive Data Output from DataHopper Signals transferred from the DataHopper 900 are received by the DTE via RX TX Transmit Data Input to DataHopper Signals are transmitted fr
51. s a frequency hopping modem the carrier frequency changes periodically according to one of 49 pseudo random patterns defined by the Primary and Secondary Hopping Patterns Valid entries for each are 0 through 48 Patterns 44 through 48 are user editable patterns See Appendix F for details The concept of Primary and Secondary Hopping Patterns was introduced in the discussion of S Register 101 Operating Mode Using the designations M a Rx a b and Sx a where M indicates Master R indicates Repeater S indicates Slave xis the Unit Address ais the primary hopping pattern and bis the secondary hopping pattern DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 19 a 2 Master Save x Master Fepeater Save E ia Master Repeateri Pepeater2 Save Slaves and Masters do not use Secondary Hopping Patterns Remember to assign a unique Unit Address 1 to 65535 to each unit in the system 20 the following diagrams illustrate the methodology for deploying simple to complicated networks M 1 gt S1 1 MIU e gt RAE L e gt M 1 lt gt RI L2 lt gt gt It is reasonable to consider a Repeater as being both a Slave and a Master alternating between Primary and Secondary Hopping Patterns as the unit changes channel Consider R1 in the illustration below When communicating with the Master R1 is acting like a Slave on Primary Hopping Pattern 1 When communicating with R2 and S4
52. s bits per second bps this is generally true of the serial data port so baud and bps have been used interchangeably in this manual when referring to the serial port this is not always the case during the DCE to DCE communications where a number of modulation techniques are used to increase the bps rate over the baud rate Bit The smallest unit of information in a binary system represented by either a 1 or 0 Abbreviated b Bits per second b s or bps A measure of data transmission rate in serial communications Also see baud Byte A group of bits generally 8 bits in length A byte typically represents a character of data Abbreviated B Characters per second cps A measure of data transmission rate for common exchanges of data A character is usually represented by 10 bits an 8 bit byte plus two additional bits for marking the start and stop Thus in most cases but not always cps is related to bits per second bps by a 1 10 ratio CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check An error detection scheme for transmitted data Performed by using a polynomial algorithm on data and appending a checksum to the end of the packet At the receiving end a similar algorithm is performed and checked against the transmitted checksum Crossover cable Also known as rollover null modem or modem eliminator cable A cable which allows direct DTE to DTE connection without intermediate DCEs typically used to bridge the two commu
53. s that include repeaters Set the Master s S205 0 for systems that do not include repeaters DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 23 4 4 Diagnostics Statistics and Remote Control The DataHopper 900 provides several commands which are very useful for troubleshooting and analyzing the performance of the radio system 4 4 1 Spectrum Analyzer Feature ATG The command ATG ENTER causes the DataHopper 900 to perform a sweep of the entire operating spectrum giving a signal strength read out in dBm for each channel as shown below Noise level mean value max value ch 1 138dBm ch 2 139dBm ch 3 139dBm ch 4 139dBm x ch 5 139dBm hi ch 6 139dBm D ch 7 130dBm ch 8 116dBm ch 9 135dBm ch 201 135dBm ch 201 135dBm Channel 1 is at frequency 902 4 MHz with all subsequent channels in 40 kHz increments When deploying a network the spectrum analyzer feature is useful for determining which parts of the ISM band may be noisy This knowledge can be used to select an appropriate hopping pattern or for creating a custom hopping pattern which avoids those frequencies 4 4 2 Statistics ATP The ATP lt ENTER gt command provides a list of several statistics as follows of data packets sent 0 of data packets received 0 of Slave s retries 0 of Slave s packets dropped 0 of Slave s sync errors 0 of CRC errors 0 K The DataHopper 900 starts the statistics c
54. s through its RJ 45 Modnet port serial port or accessing the local I O data Examples of different network topologies are shown in Figure 4 Network 1 shows Point to Point communication between a Master and Slave Network 2 makes use of a Repeater to communicate with the Slave Network 3 illustrates a simple Point to Multipoint network with no Repeaters Networks 4 and 5 give examples of Point to Multipoint networks consisting of both Repeaters and Slaves There is effectively no restriction to the number of Repeaters and Slaves that can be added to a network As seen in Network 4 a Master can communicate directly with both Slaves and Repeaters Network 2 to Network 5 can all be configured in peer to peer mode by simply changing the master 3 2 Command Mode The DataHopper 900 firmware has been designed to allow the user to customize operation through an AT Command Interface This interface is ideal for direct interface with any terminal device or for higher level Windows based software applications but also contains user friendly built in register descriptions These descriptions make it easy for the user to configure the unit by manually inputting AT Commands and modifying S Register parameters using any standard terminal program To access the DataHopper 900 s command mode 1 Attach the supplied antenna 2 Connect a straight through serial cable between the DB9 connector and the serial port on your PC or connect a crossover cable b
55. sa Because Repeaters also have Slave functionality i e a Repeater can be connected to a terminal the Master can choose to communicate solely with a Repeater This would be accomplished by assigning the same Unit Address to both the Master and the Repeater 3 Master Peer to Peer This mode of operation provides for communication between the all the units in the system Data will be sent from every slave every repeater and the master to every unit on the network In other words in Peer to Peer mode any slave can communicate with any other slave repeater or the master and vise versa In this mode of operation the unit address range limited from 1 to 200 This mode is also known as a Multipoint to Multipoint mode 4 Slave Up to 65535 Slaves may exist in a network all of which communicate with the common Master either directly or via Repeater s Slaves cannot directly communicate with other slaves unless the master is in peer to peer mode 5 Repeater A more precise title would be Repeater Slave because a Repeater also has much of the same functionality as a Slave A station can be connected at the Repeater location and communicate with the Master station There is no restriction to the number of Repeaters in a network allowing for communication over virtually limitless distances The presence of one Repeater in a network automatically degrades system throughput by half Additional Repeaters regardless of the quantity do not dim
56. t provides the connection to the external Modnet device via the 10BaseT medium Use straight through wiring when connecting to the hub and crossover wiring when connecting to the station The pinout is given in Appendix B RS 485 Port This port must be enabled using board jumper J to be accessible When this port is enabled the RS 232 port will be disabled See the above chart for the correct wiring Antenna The DataHopper 900 uses a reverse polarity TNC connector American Technologies can provide external cabling and antennas for applications in which the standard Rubber Duck antenna is not suitable DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 2 Electrical Physical 3 Figure 2 illustrates the indicators found on the front panel American Control Technologies Ltd Model SI MNI Figure 2 Front Panel Power LED Indicates the unit is powered on Link LED Indicates that there is a correctly wired signal path between the DataHopper and the station or hub If the unit is configured as a slave or repeater the Link LED won t turn on unless the unit is synchronized to the network AND there is a correctly wired signal path between the DataHopper and the station or hub WANTX LED Indicates that data is being transmitted over the air WANRX LED Indicates that data is being received over the air LANTX LED Indicates that data is being sent to the LAN LANRX LED Indicates that data is being received from the LAN 232 485 TX LED
57. taHopper 900 select the polling tab Datahopper Configuration Tool Version 0 07 Poll Table Index 0 Modbus Address to Poll 1 m Direction 6 Read from Slave write to Slave Source Holding Register Number Number of Holding Registers Destination Holding Register PollRouteStatus Response Timeout ms rmi Faults ES Poll Fault Limit li Read Write Polling Function Blocks MHX amp Holding Figure 8 Polling Parameters 4 2 1 MODBUS Polling Parameters The MODBUS polling tab consists of several parameters W Polling Table Index 99 selectable polling tables E MODBUS address to poll MODBUS address being polled on the above polling table index DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 4 Configuration 13 14 W Direction from where is the data needed Read from slave acquires data from MODBUS slave registers Write to Slave writes to MODBUS slave registers W Source Holding Register The starting holding register from where data is required 40001 should be written as 1 W Number of Holding Registers The number of Registers that shall be read or written by the DataHopper 900 W Destination Holding Register The ending location of the register data B Poll Route Status The Status of the Polling table 1 Enabled Routing table is polling 2 Faulted Routing table is no polling 3 Offline Routing table is disabled 4 Direction from where is the data nee
58. the cabling loss and the antenna gain cannot exceed 36 dBi 1 mW 0 dBm 10 mW 10 dBm 100 mW 20 dBm 1000 mW 30 dBm For example when transmitting 1 Watt 30 dBm with cabling losses of 2 dB the antenna gain cannot exceed 36 30 2 8 dBi If an antenna with a gain higher than 8 dBi were to be used the power setting must be adjusted appropriately Violation of FCC regulations can result in severe fines S Register 113 Packet Retransmissions This register applies to both Master and Repeater operation It does not apply to Slave operation In point to multipoint mode the Master will retransmit each radio data packet exactly the number of times defined by the Packet Retransmissions parameter This parameter does not refer to the data packet The DataHopper internally breaks down the packets into radio packets In almost all situations you should set S113 0 no retransmissions Setting this parameter to a non zero value will cause a significant reduction in throughput in most situations In very noisy RF environments you may want to increase this parameter slightly In point to point mode the Master will only retransmit the packet if it does not get an acknowledgement from the slave with which it is communicating In point to point mode you may safely set this parameter to a non zero value Note that in this case the Master will continue to retransmit until an acknowledgement is received or the retransmission limit is r
59. tics command summary The first column is a list of commands that may be issued at the master The second column is the corresponding remote register In general any command issued without any additional parameters is a read command For example if you type 0 lt ENTER gt The remote slave repeater will send back the value if its S101 register On the Master terminal screen you would see 0 this is the 0 that you typed echoed back locally 3 this indicates that the remote s S101 3 If you type 04 return This command would change the remote s operating mode to S101 4 repeater The remote unit should return OK Remember if the remote s S122 0 remote control disabled the remote will respond with ERROR In Table 4 Column 1 the meanings of the format is as follows COMMAND A command without x indicates that you may not add any additional parameters i e you may only read back the value of the remote s register You may not modify that register The only exception to this is the WRITE command e Type e to force the write command amp W at the remote unit COMMAND x Indicates this command may be sent with or without a parameter Issuing this command without a parameter reads the corresponding remote s register Issuing this command with the additional parameter x changes the corresponding remote s register to x Remember any changes you wish to retain in the event of a powerd
60. xternal filtering Paging towers and cellular base stations in close proximity to the DataHopper 900 antenna can desensitize the receiver American Technologies external cavity filter eliminates this problem The filter has two N female ports and should be connected in line at the interface to the RF equipment 5 2 5 Weatherproofing Type N and RTNC connectors are not weatherproof All connectors should be taped with rubber splicing tape weatherproofing tape and then coated with a sealant DataHopper 900 Operating Manual Chapter 5 Installation 31 A Command Summary The following provides a command summary for the DataHopper 900 Factory settings are denoted with a AT Commands A On line Mode I Identification 10 Custom I1 Product Code I2 ROM Checksum test I3 Firmware Version I4 Firmware Date I5 Copyright I6 Firmware Time I7 Serial Number O On line Mode Z Reset and load stored configuration amp F Load Factory Default amp F1 Master amp F2 Slave amp F3 Repeater amp F4 Slave through Repeater amp V View Configuration amp W Write configuration to memory Sxx Read S register value Sxx yy Set S register value 32 S Registers S101 S104 S105 S106 S206 S107 S108 S113 8213 S118 122 123 S205 Operating Mode 1 Master Point to Multipoint 2 Master Point to Point 3 Slave 4 Repeater 5 Master Diagnostics 6 Peer to Peer Network Address 0 65535 Unit Addres

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