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High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program

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1. 17 Chapter 2 Calibration and Specifications 2 1 Advanced Technologies CCD He4ad 18 2 1 1 Delivered Specifications 18 2 52 18 2 1 3 CCD Plat field et tele bean u uc 23 224 24 2 15 CCD Bias Sein es 25 MET 20 5 COD Dark NOISE 28 For 2 1 7 Calibration sets 30 A 2 1 8 Centering the Image in the CCD 33 J 22 Relay Lens nuda 4 55 2 3 Shutter Modifications 36 2 4 Photodiode 8 nene 37 e 2 5 Image Intensifier Performancce 41 25 1 VARO u u uu e nas 4 2 5 2 P20 Phosphor Spectral Curve 42 2 5 3 Intensifier Resolution and CCD resolution esses 43 2 5 4 Image Intensifier Mask 44 222 JOLIE 47 2 5 6 Gain Calibration 50 2 51 Dark 50 2 0 Filters u
2. Optical Setup for Flat Fielding Interference Filters Filter Transmission Curve for 4282 Filter Filter Transmission Curve for 4867 Filter Filter Transmission Curve for 5300A Filter Transmission Curve for 5581 22 Filter Transmission Curve for 6304A Filter Transmission Curve for 7778 Spectral Output Curve for KEO Light Source 2 HAARP Imager Spectral Sensitivity ht Source 2 System Vignetting with 300mm Lens t Source 2 System Vignetting with Fisheye Lens eese Radial Linearity of Fisheye Lens eese System Sensitivity 4867A CCD HI Int 0 35 R sec System Sensitivity 4867A CCD HI Int 0 9 5 System Sensitivity 4867 CCD Int 0 5 System Sensitivity 4867 CCD HI Int 3 5 System Sensitivity 4867 CCD HI Int 3 2 5 HAARP Hardware Block Diagram Motorolla 68HC11 Block D agram sees APG Block e estet n
3. 106 5 35 ANALYZE Men Funcuiors 114 5 3 6 Plotting 121 597 Image ACQUISIHOD i 126 5 3 8 137 54 System Initializaqon 139 5 5 Mees on AFG Board Falilures 141 Chapter 6 Programmer s Details 6 1 ITEX Image File Format venen eR 143 62 Image Information and the Image File 144 6 3 Minimum Files needed to run 6 4 Files and Directory Structure for Program Development 146 65 Monitor Calibration using the AFG board 155 6 6 Commercial Software installed on the HAARP 156 67 MIPCTL Programming Structures 161 6 7 1 General Area of Interest GAOLI 161 6 7 2 Image Structure IMAGESTRUCTI 162 6 7 3 Plot Window Structure PLOTINFQO 163 6 7 4 Image Information Structure
4. 308 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 12 2 13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2 17 2 18 2 19 2 20 2 21 2 22 Figures Ray Diagram for Fish cye 5 2 24111 Telecentric Element Configuration Ray Diagrams for Lenses with smaller fields of view Deviation from Perfect Telecentricity Re Imaging Optics Schematc T Field Lens and Close up Field Curvature Correcton CCD Orientations 9 23 92 enda eta Advanced Tech Original CCD Peformance Specifications 6 24 92 Advanced Tech Original CCD Images 6 24 92 Advanced Tech RMA 11 17 02 Desi Column Plot from Flat Field Image esee CCD ResoluGom us su u ns Bias uo Column Plot from Bias Image Dark Noise Integration CCD Dark Co
5. 163 6 7 5 Image Overlay Object IOO 164 6 7 6 Acquisition Entry Information aqENTRYINFO 164 6 7 7 Acquisition Table Entry aqTABLEENTRY 165 6 7 8 Acquisition Equipment aqEQUIPMENTI 165 6 7 9 Acquisition Entry Structure aqENTRY 165 6 7 10 Acquisition Desktop aqDESKTOP 166 6 8 Adding New Acquisition Operations to MIPCTIL 166 69 Image Comment Chronological Definitions 171 Chapter 7 FORTH and DSP Programming 7 1 m 181 72 Advanced Technologies FORTH and DSP code 183 7 3 HAARP FORTH Code written by KEO Consultants 184 7 3 1 Aes 1 6 7 3 2 MIP Utility 186 73 3 Error Checking SVSte 187 7 34 MIP Command Words 4 188 7 3 5 Command Loop Words r 192 7 3 6 Auwutostart 193 74 System Explanation ete o eei taber ede rugs ig 193 75 MIP Comimand oco trate verte e AR Hv EI 194 7 6
6. 4000 4500 5000 5500 6000 6500 7000 7500 8000 Wavelength Figure 2 37 HAARP Imager Spectral Sensitivity This sensitivity is a function of the image intensifier photocathode response and closely matches the curve for our S20ER photocathode It should be noted that commercial response curves are usually presented in units of mA Watt instead of photons The above data can be scaled to these units by dividing the relative sensitivities by the wavelength Figure 2 37 show the Imager s spectral sensitivity normalized to 6300A in terms of photons detected at the CCD 2 8 Temperature Calibration The temperature monitoring circuits were calibrated for the HAARP imager 4 26 93 A detailed explanation of these circuits is given in Section 3 4 1 The results of the calibration are 61 Yccn PE0 G4 ADUc i RTDz Gim carri Tarp 27 5C ADU are Vint PEO Gyan ADU carc Tromp 5 5 ADU Set 401 V 1 956 V CCD Measurements 4 41 4 01 0 4 868V 27 8 2 17 44 gt 28C 8920 x 2 1784V 24 7 45 INT Measurements 4 85 4 01 V 0 84 1 714V 6 1C 2 04 88 gt 6C 97 650 x 2 mA 1953V 24 8 62 200 Measurements 5 72 4 01 1 71V PE1 3 49V 39 4C Gags 2 04 179 gt 39 5C
7. 41008 776 93 1 31 34 C c 32571 7 23 93 11 5828am D mpmain c 5080 5 13 93 93244am D mpmath c 9511 5 13 93 955 20 82887 775 93 930 18 mipwndon c 22235 7 23 93 1201 52 errors c Report errors to a message box handler filedlg c handles file dialogs for Save Restore Images mipanlze c handles functions for code in Analyze menu mipccd c handles functions for code in CCD menu mipcntrl c handles functions for code in Controls menu mipcomm c handles functions for communications to camera head mipdispl c handles functions for code in Display menu mipfinfo c handles functions for image information and image files mipinit c handles functions for system initialization mipmain c WinMain function for MIPCTL EXE mipmath c handles functions for image arithmetic mipplot c handles functions for plotting windows and dlg boxes mipwndpr c Window procedure for main window Directory CAMIPMIPCTIADATA AQ C aqenny c 17192 1 333 35946pm aq edg 11727 5 13 33 120 amp 20pm aqmgmnth 28534 5 13 83 121040 D amne 34755 7 23 43 1204 52 D sasetup c 42047 6 2 83 941 56am D 7323 1271 92 1 31 52 D aqus c 1123 8 7 32 1050 02 agentry c handles functions for the acquisition entry ayfiledg c handles functions for acquisition table file i o agimgmth c handles functions for image math op s during acquisition ha
8. v3d L 33Y 1 NOS 265 3dot 1 6u3 06 11 Siueyunsuoo OFM eporgoioud 1291013 15 19 S 3HOLIAAS NOISSIRSNYHL 20163 ewo 00 MOS OVAL IE Zoica own 019 004 3911 2 pog Chapter 10 Advanced Technologies Schematics 10 1 Image Hardware Block Diagram 268 19 2 Adv Technologies Block Diagram 269 10 3 Mother Board Schematic 270 104 68HC11 Control Schematic 273 10 5 Controller PAL Program 276 106 68HC11 Pin Layout 277 10 7 Signal Board Schematic 278 10 8 Clock Timing Generator Schematic 280 10 9 CCD Interconnect Assembly 281 10 10 Driver CCA Schematic 282 10 11 Analog Processing CCA Schematic 286 10 12 Clock Power CCA Schematic 288 10 13 Case Temperature RTD Wiring 290 10 14 TEC Unregulated Power Supply 291 1etillolN or er er uf 19494 2 7 10100 022 1040009 h td 64 29 15 N 7 IONIAN VAT TTT TTT Tt SIMD td td SNNNNNNNNNNNSNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNSNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNS VINON P Z d 2 CI 2 2 2 192 166 1435 2 2 SINVLINSNOD 03 2 DIL 2 ASUAS ER 2 2 2 A 2 2 ov QA 7 H 268 WvuoviQa 9018 W3LSAS VHU3NVO SL
9. oly eq pinoo 68 PLB J LON to t no zus n 22 RINS Q IAS i n si 7 Q 03 891 491 1 XOZ 918 gn l E 7 79 5 2 919 v z ASt ASK C 001910 3S3 an in OldL c Howi 12 9 viec ONV Q NN ASt vic 5 3 3 9 I casts C 9 5 tin N33 139 o2ue AQ fad Jo eDeg La 16 01 6 Wid lll pjeog Ioelosg 261 D2 9 POWER 1 0 BD REV KEO CONSULTANTS 521382 pet eri a vauvweaus i POWER I O 9 ov Board Layout Jo 9t ut en pue EN 10 01 ud Ut 9d ee EEE 8 4506 Laren 2 013 WYO U LLEW 4 2363050429941 6 AYOTIVN d avo 99 300089 tavo a 53 td 02 99 vi 20685 62ue I N s G N VOO uo dwy Jannys u 1890 1 apoiqojoud i i d 3 3 AON
10. 2 U d ns y 03 5 1 J 34 gt gt C34 V 13d 0 4 71 J 434 15 zS i 15 1 uon 0 953 i 9092 030 9301 gt tah tg tf v cr aN 3 vie xos wo T c 3591902 ines YOL 52 2 KR ni gt UUNI MS M S usi C VU MS ove cot cet z4 s Q z 0 35 wi u ss pus vt CM eiu ME 09 wt Ve 5 M 35 33 cvv 2135 CO a 4 td tyh 3 NC 4 1 14 ee 2135 f u coe n oen e2ue 17 J88uibu3 41990614 eS 16 21 79 1ho e3 201234005 COML was pies e ejeju 28losd p PE gt s Door 250 2 8 e6eg 16 21 9 120 JOMOg eoepelu dIW 2091024 AS r J 69123 6 eaIneen Y MOTAVOZTIECT Qla ot osz 114 8305 RULIQDAIO O I OZN Gv 806202 7611 4 AO 80191414 V S a4aISOTCNHO3 L 500 80 9959 A00 9112 200 weve 404200 260104 94628194
11. 26 65 9 Cun cu 29 223 2 v3 2501 245 trea e oin 23 5 73 2 5 2 9 1 veu 1 2 0 1 9 0 16 2 1 9 eieq pieg 3429623 13 2 wonton v 72 13 2 S 0NI 19 19 C 170 29 9 cst zo 9 ONY ION Nu h NOt 235 BU1S 170 7 29 9 MS 14 29 9 C Vu MS 22 g iiNH iv NU oNI 09 1 cz 4 vis sonou C big 3 21 335 153 58883558 2C gt no 97 c S2 wae 247 445441 H 3344 d H tdd 98 32333522 wn 989829322 wiwak 373 lt m 93 oj 20 o p J i iii il l SEE 0000 1 ara et 170100 3 of Op OS 09 08 t yo LNO 9 L ONI 2 t 5 4 3O NI i 6 19 Ino 8015 ino L B D lt 9 C7 2080 sin 4 on lt eoueT N 6 0 69 WO 91 pied eoepoelu JIN 1290 9 248 ry CY i de p Vild cas
12. pINF gt uFOV pINF gt nCCDTemp pINF gt nTECTemp 179 pINF gt nIntTemp pINF gt nFiltTemp pINF nIntBrt nCGain nCBin pINF gt pLacation pINF pComment sucat szInfo szComment Put binary information into the header MakeTimeString amp pINF lImageTime szTime pChar szInfo HDR TIME Strucpy pChar szTime 5 szinfo 199 0 Create the time string char szTime 6 Point to the time string position Copy time string into comment Terminate just to be safe 180 Chapter7 FORTH and DSP Programming 7 1 Introduction heart of the HAARP camera control system is the Controller board supplied by Advanced Technologies This board has on board memory with the embedded program that controls all the hardware in the camera There are two processors on this board the 68HC11 micorprocessor and the DSP56001 digital signal processor Fora more in depth understanding of the hardware the user can study the supplied schematcs software listings and the manuals for the 68 11 and the DSP56001 These two processors have two distinct responsibilities The 68HC11 is the main brain of the camera system It controls all communicaiion to the outside world via it s RS 422 port It stores all the command structure to control the hardware aspects of the camera from the KEO control systems such as filter wheel temperature readout intensifier gain and shutters to
13. 3 REPORT TYPE ANO DATES COVEREO Final 29AUG91 29AUG93 S FUNDING NUMBERS PE61107D PR 4029 TAO 2 RECORT DATE JOSEP93 WU AC 6 AUTHOR S Contract Cyril Lance F19628 91 C 0141 Robert Eather 7 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME S ANO ADORESS ES Keo Consultants 27 Irving St Brookline 8 PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 02146 10 SPONSORING MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 9 SPONSORING MONITORING AGENCY NAME S AND ADORESS ES Phillips Laboratory 29 Randolph Rd Hanscom AFB MA 01731 3010 Contract Manager E Weber GPIA PL TR 93 2219 11 SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12a OISTRIGUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b OISTRIBUTION CODE Approved for public release Distribution unlimited 13 ABSTRACT 200 words A low light level monochromatic imaging system wis designed and fabricated which was optimized to detect and re ord optical emissions associated with high power rf neating of the ionosphere The instrument is capable of detecting very low intensities of the order of 1 Rayleigh from typical ionospheric atomic and molecular emissions This is achieved through co adding of ON images during heater pulses and subtraction of OFF background images between pulses Images can be displayed and analysed in real time and stored on optical disc for later analysis Full imag
14. 200 234 204 272 get back to the AutoScale mode you can simply hit the right mouse button in the plot region again Alternatively you can use the mouse commands under the Scaling menu us YQ m int Fron Gaol COCA A 7 Aut 16 00 00 A Exp 0 0 lre 0 to Seal 8 186 2 4 238 1200 Das 218 Pixel Value If you choose the Manual scaling menu item a dialog box will appear that allows you to manually enter the min and max coordinates for each axes The presently defined limits will appear initially in the edit fields Ma ual Scaling Data X Min 100 Y Min 1200 Piot Window File Operations Under the File Menu in the plot window you can save a plot copy it to the Windows clipbeard or print it or exit the plot window and close it Closing the MIPCTL app tion will automatically close all open plot windows Dec 69 16 00 00 A Exp 00 be 0 i 8 173 r 200 234 1200 Deta 1029 Save As Saving a plot window prompts for a name of the file and allows you to select the file disk for the destination The MIPCTL standard file extension for a plot file is plt It is recommended that you neme all plots with this extension The plot is saved by creating an ASCII file that stores the actual data and image information This file can then be opened frorn within the MIPCTL application viewed in any text editor or opened from within a s
15. ELEM Pul G ipai Dn MES ez ns 5 E dec Sm at ti 359 450 500 550 629 650 700 759 552 Wavelength nm Figure 2 36 Spectral Output for KEO Ligh Source 2 59 calibrate the instrument the light source was placed in front of the instrument in a dark room For each filter five images were taken and added together using a 5 10 second exposure intensifier gain at 1 CCD gain at LO and 1 1 binning The light source setung was 0464 Wavelength Image Background Signal x 10 4282 3207 153 3054 4867 13584 153 17908 5300 15039 134 29810 5581 13905 133 27544 6304 3278 99 22284 These were taken MID gain 4 second exposure 6304 14291 53 14238 7778 2585 53 2532 Multiplying the filter transmission and width times the light source s output we get the foijowing results 4282 61 5 21 9 6 83 92 0 4867 72 4 28 6 18 53 383 7 5300 68 7 24 7 27 98 474 8 5581 76 4 15 8 40 60 490 1 6304 77 3 15 6 59 91 722 4 7778 70 8 15 6 30 73 339 4 Normalizing the light source outputs to 6304 we get Wavelength Signal Relative Sensitivity 4282A 0 14 1 10 4867A 0 80 1 51 5300A 1 34 2 04 5581 1 24 1 83 6304 1 00 1 00 7778 0 18 0 38 Relative Sensitivity photons
16. CONSTANT TOC3 CONSTANT TOC4 BOIE CONSTANT 5 B020 CONSTANT 1 B021 CONSTANT TCTI 2 B022 CONSTANT TMSKI B023 CONSTANT TFLGI B024 CONSTANT TMSK2 B025 CONSTANT TFLG2 B026 CONSTANT PACTL 027 CONSTANT PACNT SET C IN 00 DDRC C SET C OUT FFDDRC BIT MANIPULATIONS MASK X LEAVES TRUE IF BIT X SET ELSE FALSE 8 7 080 AND MASK 6 40 AND 0 20 AND MASK 4 0010 AND MASK 3 0008 MASK 2 0004 MASK 1 0002 AND MASK 0 0001 AND CH X CHANGES ONLY BIT X OF NUMBER LEAVING RESULT ON STACK CH 7 FF7FXOR CH 6 CH S FFDF XOR CH 4 FFEF 3 NOT CH 2 FFFB 1 FFFD XOR 0 FFFEXORNOT T X MAKES CERTAIN BIT X 1 TRUE RECARDLESS OF CURRENT STATE T 7 DUP MASK 7 0 1 CH 7 THEN T 6 DUP MASK 60 IF CH 6 THEN T S DUP 5 0 IF CH 5 THEN 4 DUP MASK 40 IF CH 4 THEN 3 DUP MASK 3 0 IF CH 3 THEN T 2 DUP MASK 2 0 IF CH 2 THEN T 1 DUP MASK 10 IF CH 1 THEN T 0 DUP MASK 0 0 IF CH 0 THEN F X MAKES CERTAIN BIT X IS FALSE REGARDLESS OF CURRENT STATE F 7 DUP MASK 7 IF CH 7 THEN F G DUP MASK 6 IF CH 6 THEN F 5 MASK 5 IF CH 5 THEN 44 DUP MASK 4 IF CH 4 THEN DUP MASK 3 IF CH 3 THEN 2 DUP MASK 2 IF CH 2 THEN F 1 DUP MASE 1IF CH 1 THEN F 0 DUP MASK 0 fF CH
17. N 454 Intens 26 to 418 Image 42 to 40 Figure 2 22 Fisheye Image on the Intensifier and its measurement 45 As be seen in the above figure the orientation of the image in the intensifier was carefully measured and found to be slightly askew The diameter of the intensificr in plot points along the above plots is about 400 points 16 points mm From the above measurements the image is about 23 mm image diameter 370 points which confirms the optics design It should be noted for Figure 2 22 and the above numbers that the term points in this case is a relative diagonal of the CCD pixel size This comes about from the way the AFG software reads a line of pixels at an angle Assuming the plots were at about 45 the CCD pixel dimensions would be about 1 4 times these values An Image Mask was fabricated out of Delrin with a 23 5mm ID offset 010 from the center of the mask assemby This assembly was inserted into the recessed space of the curvature correction lens holder between the lens and the intensifier Care was taken to assure that the mask offset matched that of the image An image was taken with no lens on the front MASKNOLN IMG and with the Fish Eye lens MASKFSH2 IMG to check that the mask was not olocking out any of the image 10 pixel locations were measured along the edge of each of the circles and then the respective circle geometries were Calculated in CCD pixels from these points Intensifi
18. Normalized Response BB 8 2 5 Asymmetry due to Intensitier non uniformity 0 E S o 8 5 lt D D Angle Figure 2 39 System Vignetting with Fisheye Lens In addition the radial linearity of the fish eye was measured 1 00 0 90 o Normalized Response in Figure 2 40 Radial Linearity of Fisheye lens 64 2 10 System Sensitivity 2 10 1 Theoretical case for a single photon It is usefull to understand the system gain in terms of a theoretical photon being detected at the photocathode of the image intensifier The image intensifier gain is quoted at 90 000 This specification refers to a steady stream of photons at 2584K Tungsten Since the quantum efficiency of the photocathode is on the order of 10 this means that each detected photon must create on the order of 900 000 photons at the output of the tube Correcting this for the response of photons at 5577A we get about 180 000 photons for every detected photon or a fifth the number of photons from a Tungsten source spectral distribution As noted in Section 2 2 the relay optics has an efficiency of around 10 so there are only 18 000 photons arriving at the CCD Taking into account the quantum efficiency of the CCD 30 we have about 5500 electrons collected by the CCD Because these photons will be spread o
19. RD TEMPS P None _ _ _ _ RD_INTBRT 7 6 Advanced Technologies CCD Format parameters Thc CCD read format parameters are located in the KEOcmd7 code VARIABLE SLENGTH Serial length VARIABLE PLENGTH Parallel length VARIABLE SBINNUM Serial binning factor VARIABLE Parallel binning factor VARIABLE SPRESCAN Number of serial pixels to shift before Start of read VARIABLE PPRESCAN Number of parallel shifts to do before Start of read VARIABLE SPOSTSCAN Number of seria shifts to do after end of read VARIABLE PPOSTSCAN Number of parallel shifts to do after end of read VARIABLE SREADI EN Number of serial pixels to read VARIABLE PREADLEN Number of parallel rows to read The CCD format parameters arc initialized as 195 DECIMAL 516 SLENGTH 516 PLENGTH 1 SBINNUM 1 PBINNUM 20 SPRESCAN This is a constant due to physical extension in the serial register 0 SPOSTSCAN 0 PPRESCAN 0 PPOSTSCAN 516 SREADLEN 516 PREADLEN The INIT FORMAT command takes the values presently stored in the above variables and stores them in the DSP chip To change the readout of the CCD any of the above can be changed and then INIT FORMAT executed 7 7 Recovering from a ROM Crash If you think that the ROM on the Advanced Technologies Controller board has been corrupted here is a recovery procedure you connect the camera to a
20. Bodine Stepper Motor 23T1BEHH KEO Consultants HAARP Imager Filter Wheel Cabling Bendix 18 pin sian AC N Magnecraft AC H White 20AWG 2310 12 Wht 558 AC CTL Fuse 1 SB Red 22AWG Bik 22 Q 22AWG RTD Green 22AWG 1d RTD S Temperature Cntir Red 22AWG 1 Black 22AWG K Blue 22 M Green 22AWG I Red 24 AWG D Black 24AWG G een 24AWG Filterwheel P5 Connector Control Panel 10 pin 17 Double Row AMP ModlV Conn Updated 5 93 Cyril Lance 307 11 13 Removing the Image Intensifier from the HAARP Imager In the event that you need to remove the image intensifier from the HAARP imager the following steps must be taken Unplug the Power to the HAARP imager FIRST i Unplug the Filter Wheel Disconnect the filter wheel cable inside the imager chassis 18 pin Bendix Connector and then gently disconnect the Stepper Motor cable from the Power Board that connects to the filterwheel Remove the Filter Wheel Unsrew the four 8 32 socket heads at the front of the imager chassis two per side the hold the filter wheel to the chassis Gently pull the filter wheel away from the chassis The re imaging tube connecting to the front shutter will come off along with the filter wheel this is normal Remove the fron Shutter From inside the U channcl remove the LEMO connector attached to the shutter in berw
21. 7 As each es it will prompt you to send the next file to the 68HC11 After you have fi nding all the ASCII files the program is in the controller s RAM 08 The next step is to download the DSP hex code Type the following command to thc 68HC11 DNLD The 68HC11 is now waiting for an ASCII file containing the HEX code for the DSP Send the file KEO7 DSP A stream of HEX numbers should appear on the terminal This is terminated by a upon which the 68HC11 should output DOWNLOAD COMPLETED Hit a couple of cr to make sure you sull get the OK prompt Type INIT and watch the DSP chip initialize If it completes this your board is now working again At this point though it is necessary to store this recreated code in RAM back into ROM Presently the ROM is disabled because the chip select pin is pulled high through the 10K resistor With the board still powered on very carefully disconnect the pullup resistor ar d connect the pin back into it s socket Don t wy bend it just clip on to Now 197 the ROM chip select is reconnected and you can store the RAM dictionary into the ROM Type the command STORE STORING DICTIONARY After a few minutes 68HC11 will output STORE COMPLETED At this point it is necessary to store the autostart routine MSTART If all has gone well you have now successfully recovered the 68HC11 ROM test power down the controller board or just do a reset or COLD and
22. copy to image comment sucat szInfo add a space to comment suftirne temp 20 9 X ipTimc Convert Time to suing 176 strcat szInfo temp copy to image comnient Build the info string XXXX G B XXXX ITime 4 Bytes G nCGain 1 Byte B nCBin 1 Byte sprintf temp 5 14 85 34 34 234 71 34 34 34 8 34 14 14 265 75 5 pINF niIntGain pINF szFilterVal pINF gt nExpTime pINF gt nFOV pINF gt nCCDTemp pINF gt nTECTemp pINF gt nIntTemp pINF gt nFiltTemp pINF nIntBrt nCGain nCBin Global variables pINF gt pLocation pINF pCoinment sucat szInfo temp Put binary information into thc header pfime szInfo HDR TIME Time 4 Bytes pINF lImageT ime szInfo 199 0 Terminate just to be safe 6 9 6 MIPCTL v5 3 0 7 16 93 Header Change Encodes the binary time to make sure there are no zero bytes in the time information that would act as a termination character Time is now written and extracted from the information header using the functions defined in MIPFINFO C MakeTimeString long p ime char szSuing 8 177 ITime GetTimeFromSuing szInfoHdr HDR_TIME The time string is now 5 bytes long The fizst being a status byte defined as 0 1 1 SB3 SB2 581 SBO where SB0 gt SB3 are define as 1 if the corresponding byte is non zero and 0 if the corre
23. 115 352 x 1784V carci 24 8 182 FILT Measurements 5 41V 4 01 1 40V PE0 2 804V 21 7 2 00 144 gt 22C RTD yp 108 50 x 2 mA 217V cac 24 9 Tromp 23 0 Trrx in 70 6F gt 21 4C RTD s 1939 V 2 mA 96 95Q RTDygas 2175 V 2 mA 108 750 Viet 4 85V Vion 5 45V 25 01 Actual Gain 25 06 Actual Gain 2 9 System Vignetting As discussed in Section 2 5 5 a system flat field was taken that accounts for all system non uniformities and lens vignetting from the intensifier back to the CCD The major source of vignetting for the imager is the front primary lenses This vignetting is intrinsic to the lens design of these commercial lenses The HAARP imager has two lenses the fisheye and the 300mm lens System vignetting with both these lenses was measured at maximum aperture by setting up a small light source and then scanning this source across the field of view of the image in both directions This vignetting is intrinsic to the lens design of these commercial lenses 1 00 s P d B 0 80 P d 070 0 60 y 2 Normalized Response 85 020 040 0 00 n Tr v r 8 00 6 06 4 00 2 00 0 60 2 00 499 6 00 800 Angle Figure 2 38 System Vignetting with 300mm Lens 63 _
24. AFG Board Jumper Settings a 12 Bit Linear Gray Scale Output LUT a 12 Bit Psuedo Color Output LUT a Plot Output Text File eh Rede Acquisition Table Text File esses KEOCCD INI Text File awa 73 74 89 95 109 109 125 131 139 61 ITEX Image Fil Format uy u epe 143 62 Image Information Comment String 144 63 MIPCTL Directory 311001 146 1 Chapter 1 HA ARP Optics Design 1 1 Overview The objectives in the design of the HAARP optics were as follows i Variabie field of view from 180 to 109 with telecentric optics so as to allow the use of narrow band interference filters 2 0 nm bandwidth ii Interchangeable filters S position filter wheel iv Maximum sensitivity and resolution v Minimum vignetting Normal camera lenses have large ray angles to the principal ray throughout their optical path and so are unsuitable for use with narrow band interference filters see Figure 1 1 The shift of transmission wavelength with filter angle increases as the angle squared so that larger ray angles rapidly requires much wider filters To overcome th
25. Fina Water Vapor Test Performed Final Helium Leak Test Performed Vacuum Valve Packed With Crease Final Vacuum Leak Check Performed FINAL VOLTAGE SETTINGS Vod Vsh l Vsh_ Vvp Vog OR OR Comments A Testing performed EUN Bo Date 27 2 Y Approved by Date Figure 2 2a Advanced Technologies CCD Specifications 6 24 92 Performance Tests 19 ATC 5 TEST REPORT CUSTOMER O ATD JOB NUMBER D CAMERA HEAD SERIAL NUMBER 2 ELECTRONICS UNIT SERIAL NUMBER COOLING UNIT SERIALNUMBER FINAL ASSEMBLY AND TEST BY 9 2 a DATE 2 CCD TYPE ESO _ _____________________ CCD SERIAL NUMBER CCD PARAMETERS VOD1 i e c VOD2 24 0 VRD ose VOG gt VSL VSH 5 13 _ VPL gt 2 5482 VPH 3 s VSWL 4 97 _ VSWH 5 30 Figure 2 2b Advanced Technologies CCD Specifications 6 24 92 Voltage Settings 20 3 4 USB A df T gt TT 0 32 6 2 lt 2 TC A 8 lt amp A7C 2 CAL 224 92 ec ATC 2 CAL 1 02 ja 1 erformance Images dvanced Technoltomes P t A 2 ee 3 ATC RMA 2 2 ligure 24 Advnaced Technologies RMA Images 11 17 9
26. V Relay to open and close its blades The shutter is specified at 4x opening voltage and 1 2 holding voliage The KEO Powerl O board creates 32V unregulated 80 msec pulse using a timer Ui and the UCN2944 Supply side driver U2 The holding current is supplied by the LM317 voltage regulator and is set for around 5 5V giving a holding current of about 3 5V after the Darlington and diode voltage drops in the electronics On the Power I O board Rev A there are also dropping resistors between the supply and the shutters giving an additional voltage drop to the shutter The HAARP Imager has 3 022 dropping resistors which bring the final starting pulse voltage from 24V to 16 and the holding voltage from 3 5V to 2 4V This drop from the original specs of the Power board is needed because we changed from the UniBlitz shutter which had a 12 52 coil to the Melles Griot which uses coil A micro switch is mounted inside the shutter so that it closes when the shutter blades are fully open This shorts to ground a circuit on the KEO Control Panel CCA which puts out a TTL signal and also controls an LED display on the control panel hus there is visual feedback as to whether the shutter is open and a TTL signal which is returned to the 68HC11 processor and can be read by the Host for a shutter status indication The photodiode output is amplified by an ADS15 amplifier which must be located very near the photodiode because of th
27. 0 Binning 1 Camera HRP System Zoom 100 Justify 200 Display 15 Port COM4 Monitor 3FGx CCD Aquisition AqtPath C MIPAMIPCTL ImgPath c mip calibrat LastTable CUSP93 AQT Figure 5 5 KEOCCD INI Text File Example The first heading Camera Settings gives the inital settings of the camera head Gain sets the camera analog gain before it s conversion to digital information This controls the dynamic range and sensitivity of the instrument Gain values can be 0 1 or 2 corresponding to HI MID and LOW Binning can be either 1 or 2 and correspond to the Hi and Lo Resolution images 1x1 binning verses 2x2 binning Camera corresponds to which camera head is wing used The current heads available are MIP MIP or HRP HAARP It is important to keep track of which instrument is collecting data as the flat field calibration and orientations are different for the different instruments The second heading System sets the MIPCTL applications system parameters and stores the status of the system as it was last used Zoom determines which zoom factor was used on the AFG board and sets the current zoom to that value AFG allows zooming factors of 1 2 4 and 1 2 The numbers stored in KEOCCD INI do not directly correspond to these values but rather to their representation in the program Justify determines the justification of display and can be set to top center and bottom Again the numerical values in KEOCCD INI corre
28. 25e ADU 49e ADU 91 32 MIDLO Rato of stats 1 84 3 77 2 05 Ratio of Gains 1 86 3 64 1 96 The correlation between these two measurements is extremely close as is to be expected in the CCL Because of mechanical tolerances and the difficulty of physically centering the CCD inside the vacuum chamber exactly along the optical axis of the instrument it was noticed during calibration that the image was not centered in the CCD From the images taken during the first part of the calibration it was decided that the image needed to be moved about 20 pixels to the left or about 015 CCD Housing Modificanon The CCD housing was modified to allow the CCD head to move inside and two access holes were drilled in the front of the housing to access the mounting screws on the CCD head cover plate CCD Head Modification The cover plate holes were slotted to allow movement of the CCD head with respect to the cover plate thus moving the orientation of the CCD with respect to the optics axis the Rodenstock 42mm lens screws into the cover plate To adjust the position of the image in the CCD remove the CCD head from the CCD housing Remove all the 4 40 screws from the CCD cover plate on the front of the CCD head except the two honzontal screws as shown in Figure 2 12 Looking at the front of the CCD Head Remove screws Leave two screws tightened Figure 2 12 CCD co
29. 34 34 7 34 2301 34 8 34 2305 9075s pINF gt nIntGain pINF gt szFilterVal pINF gt nExpTime pINF gt nFOV pINF gt nCCDTcmp pINF gt nTECTcmp 173 pINF gt nFiltTemp pINF nIntBrt pINF gt pLocation pINF pComment strcat szimageComment temp long pTime Pointer to a time variable pTime long szImageComment 88 pTur e pINF 1ImageTime Put time_t into the header szimageComment 99 0 Terminate just to be safe 6 9 4 MIPCTL v4 2 1 12 31 92 Build ImageTechnology image header 200 Bytes Jong szInfo 0 0 Initialize the suing Write KEO Identifier into the header and get software version sucpy szInfo KEO sscanf sz Version Version 96s temp suncat szInfo temp 3 sucat szInfo suncat szInfo szCamera 3 strcat s2Info Write the Date and Time from the time stamp into the comment tpTime localtime amp pINF 2ilmageTime Convert to local strftime temp 20 d b Ny tpTime Convert Date to suing strcaif szInfo temp copy to image comment strcat szInfo add a space to comment suftime temp 20 46 X tpTime Conven Time to string szIn o temp copy to image comment Build the info string ITime 4 Bytes sprintf temp G 1d W
30. 6 7 3 Plot Window Structure PLOTINFO The PLOTINFO structure is used to hold all the information necessary to create and maintain plot window Plot windows record the plotInfo index number in their window words to access this structure The PLOTINFO structure for the plot window is filled when the plot data is first read from the AFG frame buffer Defined in MIPGLBLS H struct plot int type Plot type PROW PCOL PARB PHIST PHIST ROI short nGaoi GAOI data was taken from DWORD rgbCir RGB color of plot int color Plot color for AFG board drawing POINT begPoint Beginning point of plot IN GLOBAL UNITS POINT endPoint Ending point of plot INGLOBAL UNITS long numPoints Number of points in the plot HANDLE hPlot_Data handle to plot data HANDLE hWnd Data handle to window data HANDLE handle to the loo for the plot HIMINFO himinfo Handle to the image info header plounfo NUM PLOTS 6 7 4 Image Information Structure IMINFOSTRUCT The IMINFOSTRUCT is used to hold all the pertinent instrument information that was used for the image to which the structure is linked This information is used to create the image information header that is written into the image file when saved to disk and when image labelling operations are executed Defined in MIPGLBLS H typedef struct long limageTime Pointer to a time structure 4 Bytes int nintGain Image Intensifier Gain 2 Byte
31. As of 8 93 the version number is 10 MIP10 FOR Loading all the FORTH files will have modified the dictionary residing in the RAM and you should immediately be able to test out these changes However if you power down the processor these changes will be lost as the EEPROM wasn t changed Once you are sure that your changes work and these changes have been saved in a set of files with a new version number i e KEOasm9 or MIP 1 FOR you can store this new dictionary in the EEPROM by typing STORE returns DICTIONARY STORED 9465 BYTES 183 This will take a few minutes and will return with a status message Once you have stored the dictionary the autostart sequence must be updated to point to the new dictionary address To do this type MSTARTI returns AUTOSEQUENCE STORED Now you can turn the power off and your changes will be saved If something catastrophic has happened and you cannot recover read Section 7 7 on recovering the EEPROM The DSP assembler code is listed as KEO8 ASM version 8 as of 11 91 The DSP binary after assembly code is listed as KEO8 DSP version 8 as of 11 91 If you ever change the DSP code you will need to download KEO8 DSP as an ASCII file after you have typed the command the 68HC11 ONLD The 68HC11 will capture all the DSP code stored as ASCII characters until the terminating Character is sent Please note that the output file of the DSP assembler needs to modified before bein
32. P N 2832 _ 6 i CTR TTTT Ow 15 34 Edge 7778 6 A 5 6 a u J E i l sil f an yr ee j 77504 7770 7790 di i Figure 2 35 Transmission curve for 7778A Filter 58 The interference filters require an image with a cone angle of 7 er f4 Two 4 achromat lenses could be placed a distance of two focal pla es apart f4 4 F fxd 16 Thus 32 tube could bc build with the two achromats at either end of the tube to get a valid flat field image at the filter using a 4 uniform lights source By adiusting the distances between the light source and the lenzes we could reduce the size required tor the monochromatic light source A monochromatic light source is needed because the filter transmission has a spatial variation across the filter Thus for a 5577 line the transmission will vary from point to point the filter To measure this non uniformity would require very narrow band fiters at the light source Such a calibration would be very expensive and was rot attempted 2 7 Spectral Calibration The HAARP Imager was calibrated for spectral sensitivity using KEO s Light Source 2 The spectra output curve for the light source is given in Figure 2 36 KEO Light Source 2 870 Oulu I 4 ici EE EE E
33. Qualified requestors may obtain additional copies from tne Defense Technical information Center OTIC All others should apply to the National Technical information Service NTIS If your address has changed or if you wish to be removed from the mailing list or if the addressee is no longer employed by your organization please notify PL TSI 29 Randolph Road Hanscom AFB MA 01731 3010 This will assist us in maintaining a current mailing list Do not return copies of this report unless contractual obligations or notices on a specific document requires that it be returned Form roved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Publ reporting burden for this Collection inlermation n estimated 10 9945400 1 hour per cesponse codoging the ume or reviewing instruction vearching es AQ 6919 wurces gathenng and maintaining the data needed and completing and reviewing the collecuian of information Send comments regarding burden estimate any Other aspect of thn Collection intormauon snciuding suggestions for reducing thi Durden to Washington neacouarter Services Ocrecrorsie loe indormation Operations and Report 121 Osvit highway Suite 1204 Arlington MA 32101 4301 and 10 the Management and Uudyel Peptreror Reduction Project 0704 0189 Washington 2050 1 AGENCY USE ONLY Leave blank 4 TITLE ANO SUBTITLE High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program HAARP Imager
34. The HAARP Imager uses a Photometrics 516 CCD This chip has a 516x516 array of 20m pixels of which 512x512 are captured by the frame grabber The well depth of the pixels is about 215 000 electrons The 516 is set up to operate in MPP mode which is a CCD configuration that allows a 30 times reduction in dark noise This is attained by using a boron implant that creates an intrinsic voltage in the wells to reduce dark noise buildup Specific performance of the CCD chip can be found in Section 2 1 3 5 KEO Control System The KEO control system uses the main processor the 68HC11 of the Advanced Technologies system to control all operations of the HAARP camera The control components are Shutter 1 front Shutter 2 back Image Intensifier Filter Wheel Temperature Monitoring Intensifier Average Brightness detector located in Shutter 2 All these components are controlled via software in the FORTH environment and executed by commands from the host computer The 68HC11 then passes on the appropriate command signals to the KEO Interface control card which is the fourth card on the motherboard 3 6 KEO Control Interface Card The Interface card is arranged in two sections analog and digital control The analog section consists of fiv analog amplificrs monitoring the following CCD temperature Filter Wheel temperature TEC temperature Intensifier temperature Intensifier brightness 76 Thesc voltages are scaled to 0
35. The fastest available relay lens pair is a Rodenstock 100mm F1 5 coupled to a Rodenstock 42 mm F0 75 If Fcam is the F number of the camera lens and Fcoli is the number of the collimator lens then for the relay lens system to have no vignetting the requirement is that Foeam Feoli lt For the HAARP configuration m 042 and Fcoll F1 5 so we require Fcam lt 9 63 The camera lens used 42 mm F0 75 almost meets this requirement accepting a F1 8 cone from the collimator lens thus using 70 of the light collected by the collimator lens Fast camera lenses like this have very short back focal distances few mm so it was necessary to specially design the lens mount configuration for the Photometrics CCD camera 1 11 Anti Fogging There is always the possibility with cooled detectors that some surfaces may fog or ice up in humid environments Consequently the capability of dry N2 flushing has been built into the HAARP insuument Both sides of the cover glasses in front of the image intensifier and the front of the CCD cover glass the back side is in an evacuated environment can be flushed Experiments have shown that flushing for 1 minute will rapidly remove any condensation 15 Collimating lens Recording lens Vignetting in a tandem system Collimating lens Reco ding lens Non vignetting tandem system with over sized collimating lens see also page 3 40 Section of t2ndem system Figure 1
36. Relative Hiuminance Setup Gain Max Int Off Shutter Clsd Shutter Open LS 10 LS 9 LS 8 LS 7 LS 6 LS 5 LS 4 lt The plots in Figure 2 17 show the curves for the above data Notice the linear region and the gradual approach to the AGC mode x sm sm HE m i 1 1000 TE H n 100 ndino 15094 100 1000 10 Light Source Output Normalized to Lowest Setting Figure 2 17a PhotoDiode Output ADS15 SHOA j n du Sav 1009 100 10 Light Source Output Normalized to Lowest Setting Figure 2 17b PhotoDiode Output 68HC11 ADC Input 39 1 i WE II s RE inding 2av 100 Light Source Output Normalized to Lowest Setting 10 PhotoDiode Output ADC Quput Figure 2 17c PhotoDiode Output PE4 vs ADU HAARP 8 93 0 6 Normalized 04 Wi Output t 0 2 closed Light Source Setting 11 Figure 2 17d PhotoDiode Ouput ADC Linearity 2 5 Image Intensifier Performance The HAARP imager has a 25mm Gen 2 Inverter intensifier with an S20ER photocathode and a P 20 phosphor 2 5 1 VARO Specifications SERIAL NO 9301115 25MM 2ND GEN INVERTER WITH P 20 PHOSPHOR PART 510 3697 302 WHITE LIGHT PR 2854 K 295 pA
37. UR SNS 52 2 7 Spectral Calibration uu u Sua a dite ui u u 59 28 Temperature Calibration 61 29 unus pu 63 2 10 Sensit Viy e o Ku 65 2 10 T Single Photon Case e Ua 65 2 10 2 Theoretical Sensitivity titan an 66 2 10 3 Sensitivity Measurements 67 2 10 4 Sensitivity Specifications for the HAARP Imager 71 Chapter 3 Imager Hardware 3 1 Hardware Overview auicm odora 72 3 2 CCD Control System eris ba us 12 335 Camera isa ees niit adc wet 75 25 COD us ee pedet MESE 76 4 REO Control Systema sa To Paru 76 3 6 KREO Interface an to lic e d 76 3 7 Control Panel aoc nde Ih tnde Du tae ead 78 tuse ka bau 78 22 FilterWh eelau cu SS 79 3 10 Image Intensifier Conmol 79 ILE Sh uttep Control uu un ea P a Dvd E 80 342 m u u E 82 Xs Back PARE a r a a N E E 83 3 14 Temperature Monitoring 5
38. as e eon 955 Contro Panel Side Back Cont rol Pahel Layout tes and are mounted on the back the board to layout error Pins 5 and 6 of need to be reversed to sciiema le error 09 31v2S 01091072 FO puo S 5 y ni PE 135 01097072 gt puo 42 ee e e 5 on ee Pe 01091072 euo o 5050 BJA jnv 95154 peddois puc TA cos ca 2 2 5 RHH 423246 MHS 59 5 C e2ue1 uA5 2 6u3 G Z AS 4 Pelupd 10 O goenow ino pein TACE BILIN 100 NI pee sma 00 2006 ce 2g c C2 tes 258 224 1 94 01 018 Sd v 354 UMS PLOHE 0064 2805 dao e a z 8 2A un 9 2 924 lt s PO 23 3 CJaiuMd t3 9 3 9 018 M3 0062 2805 am fr wie 259 2 9 tusiA 11402 j unus 11291014 puov pjeog xny GIN ll L Zan gt ASit n ASt e1S Cus cid ius ot 9d 90 u gt n INH
39. r 0 601 D OR i 9 4 SONT I 4 Linear Su 1 i foc 7 5 4 3 1 9 1 Log Gethode Mluminance f t cd Figure 2 16 Typical Image Intensifier Output Curves 37 TsVwss msss sr sns ss HY ia The MIP imager used a VTB9413 photodiode which has a glass window instead of the IR rejection window This photodiode has a much higher output than the HAARP imager s VTB9413B accomodate this difference a 5 11KQ resistor had to be added in parallel to the resistor R1 on the KEO Interface board to increase the gain for the AD515 output see the schematic in the Hardware Chapter The output at very low light levels from the ADS15 was found to be greater than 0 volts which produces a negative voltage at the input to the ADC producing 0 ADU s This limits the photodiode s very low light level resolution as can be seen in the calibration data zero offset potentiometer could be added to the ADS15 amplifier card if necessary The following is the Photodiode calibration data for 8 27 93 Intensifier Gain Minimum ADC Input ADC Ouput V ADU 0 0 056 Setup Cain Min Int Off Shutter Clsa Shuiter Open LS 10 LS 9 LS 8 LS 7 LS 6 LS 5 15 4 LS 3 LS 2 LS 1 LS 0 Relative Illuminance ADS515 Output mV
40. 00 2040200 000 00 83 Chapter 4 Image Processing System 4 1 OVOFVIE W ee i 85 4 2 Image Processing 22 22 2 86 4 3 Understanding Image Processing on the HAARP system 90 4 3 1 Imaging Technologies AFG Hardwarc 90 4 3 2 Image Definitions General Area of Interest GAOI 91 4 3 3 Image Memory Definitions 92 4 3 4 Limitations in the AFG Frame Buffer 94 4 4 Hardware Configuration and Jumper Settings 95 Chapter 5 Using the MIPCTL Software 5 1 OVEPVIE W onse su 96 52 Using Windows and 96 5 21 Starting Microsoft Windows 3 1 96 5 2 22 Starting MIPCIL uu eost a undue 96 5 2 3 MIPCTL Window and Microsoft Windows 3 1 98 53 MIPCTL Software Manua Sony 99 5 31 Menu Functions o a edu secula 99 5 3 2 CD M nu FUnctlols c eoo co beet ile asa basa 101 5 33 CONTROL Menu Functons So 103 3 4 44 VIEW Menu
41. 06 9 938 n SAAV81 SLUM oe s 3 E asih V MOP VVB8H I p1eog 203 51 293 AS td joueg 1041002 ac 6 486601 z 0 1 2 1S6 01 V MOv YYOH euQ J6Mod 1001048282 pigog 1918613694 AS zu weiber P D 65 5 juejynsuoo AUN ee Aiddng 231 3 5ewoijoud 2 I j 1 99 2 OY 189 1 ssna h t 02 4020 64824 odd 95 357317 p 191113 n3 21N39SOV j NHH d 85 35131 Y OMY 02 WA OMY 02 WA 5 v 2 1 V11OX g2ZA NOLZ AUS 8204803 17210 yas JO uO 201014009 jousg 1208 00 9 2 IUM DUNIA 19924 420g OULIM OV rebel dHVVH MIP HAARP t PC Cable Layout e s R 20 Ye 10 09 0 0 9997 1 GND Lug to Shield DB44 to AFG Board P1 from MIP HAARP camera DB9 to RS422 port Consultants mmm bla black ble black green
42. COD Format 195 Recovery from a ROM Crash 888 4 4 9 84664044 8 0660 6 60 Chapter 8 FORTH Code Listings 81 KEO FORTH Code 199 8 2 209 8 3 215 T MEN dle cor M 219 8 57 KEOSSCR UA 225 BG 226 yas 230 8 8 FORTH Directory Contents 235 8 8 4 Advanced Technologies FORTH Code 235 8 82 Advanced Technologies DSP Code 235 8 8 3 KEO Consultants FORTH Code 236 8 84 KEO Consultants FORTH Utlities 236 8 8 5 Compress and LINKLST Utillies esee 240 Chapter 9 KEO Consultants Hardware Schematics 9 1 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 9 10 9 11 9 12 9 13 HAARP Imager Hardware Block Diagram 242 Interface Board Layout ione va su aona 243 Interface Board scd est egeta n 244 Interface GAL Timing 5 222 222 4 442 251 Interface GAL unanqa I n
43. gt R PRINTIT BUT DONT COUNT IT ELSE DUP 0D IFITS ACR IF EMIT 0A EMIT R gt 1 gt DO CR LF DONT COUNT IT ELSE DUP XLATE 10 SWAP EMIT ELSE XLATE MULT BY 10 ELSE CR DSP NOT READY THEN UNTIL I CQ TXH 11 C 12 CQ TXL 3 LOOP T HFO SHOW KEGS CR ICR ICR CR KEY DUP XLATE ROT I C EMIT THEN THEN THEN LOOP CR DOWNLOAD COMPLETED DSP DUMP BEGIN DSP BOOT ISR 6 CVR 12 AND UNTIL END ADDR BOT BUF 2 DO BEGIN TXDE DUP IF ISRQ 15 CR CVRQ CVR CR RXH RXH CR RXM CR RXL RXL CR SR SHOW REGS GO DSP BOOT SR DSP DUMP DSP8 READ FROM DSP 8 BITS FROM RXL REG BEGIN UNTIL RXL DSP16 READ 16 BITS FROM DSP RXM AND RXL REGISTERS BEGIN RXDF UNTIL RXM FF RXL 223 DSP8 SEND 8 BITS TO DSP TXL REGISTER BEGIN TXDE UNTIL TXL DSP16 SEND 16 BITS TO DSP TXM AND TXL REGS BEGIN TXDE UNTIL DUP FF TXL PLEASE DOWNLOAD THE FILE KEOADC 224 8 5 KEOadc8 Advanced Technologies Code KEOADC FORTH CODE THAT CONTROLS THE ON BOARD ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER FORGET ADCTL ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER REGISTERS B030 CONSTANT ADCTL CONVERTER CONTROL REGISTER B031 CONSTANT RESULT REGISTER 1 B032 CONSTANT ADR2 RESULT REGISTER 2 B033 CONSTANT ADR3 RESULT REGISTER 3 B034 CONSTANT ADR4 RESULT REGISTER 4 SET SCAN ADCTL
44. run dialog box aqtable dlg AQ table dialog box modeless fileopen dlg AQ open aq table dialog box filesave dlg AQ save aq table dialog box setpath dlg AQ set image path dialog box MIPCILEXEP Deve R Fil Directory C MIP MIPCTL mnarrdn bmp Min Arrow down bitmap for LUTStretch mnarrup bmp Min Arrow up bitmap for LUTStretch mxarrdn brnp Max Arrow down bitmap for LUTStretch mxarrup bmp Max Arrow up bitmap for LUTStretch camera cur Camera Cursor crsshair cur Crosshair Cursor 1uip1 fnt TIGA font for 1x1 binning labeling mip2 fnt TIGA font for 2x2 binning labeling errids h Header file for error string table 12bitcol ico Icon for 12 bit psuedo color LUT 153 12bitlin ico Icon for 12 bit linear monochrome LUT 8bitlin ico Icon for 8 bit linear monochrome LUT camcntrl ico MIPCTL ICON for application plotwnd ico Icon for minimized plot window strchlut ico Icon for LUTStretch Dlg errstrng rc String table for Error messages MIPCILEXE Devel Compilation fi Directory CMIPMIPCTL Mipctl def Definition file for Windows application Mipctl exe Final Executable Application MIPCTL Gaci lib GAOI control link library for LINKING application Ink Link control file for LINKING application Mipcd mak NMAKE mak file for debug version MIPCTL EXE Miprel mak NMAKE mak file for release version MIPCTL EXE Mipctl map MIPCTL map file of executable file MIPCTL E
45. test 1 resets all the registers on the AFG board init gt swrst Starts a software reset gt Swrst Completes a software reset gt exit It is usually unnecessary to do a test 1 but this just makes sure your hardware is running correctly SWRST 1 and SWRST must be done together and it executes a software reset on the board Once this is done you can also try and reload the TIGACD TSR to see if that had been corrupted in any way From DOS type tigacd u tigacd Chaoter6 Programming Details 6 1 ITEX Image File format Images saved to disk by the MIPCTL application are stored in the ITEX Image File format Details are provided in Appendix A of the ITEX AFG Software Manual provided by Imaging Technology An outline of the image format is provided here for convenience An Image File has the following byte format Byres e aaam 0 1 Characters TM indicate this is an image file 2 3 Comment Length 4 5 Width of image in pixels 6 7 Height of image in pixels 8 9 Coordinates of original X axis position horizontal 10 11 Coordinates of original Y axis position vertical 12 13 File type flag 0 EIGHT_BIT 1 COMPRESSED 2 8 14 63 Reserved 64 nnn Comment Area variable length 200 bytes maximum nnn End Data Area one byte pixel 8 Bits or two bytes pixel stored in row order from the top to the bottom of the image Figure 6 1 ITEX Image File Format Data is
46. 240 55 062 200 10 249 610 220 oz 490 28 O 59 058 240 O25 0 Xe 3 36 39 300 0 O O O O 0 04 56 38 40 42 44 46 48 SO S2 28 4S 320 00000000000 054 O 0000000 54 55 27 29 1 X3 35 37 39 4 43 00000000000 2265 27 39 41 4546 47 49 6 55 68 5 84 POS 7 S 3 1 1 49 42 4 2 44 42 40 000000 OOO PO O 9 48 8 41 20 0 4 70009000000 6 4 2 52 SO 3 14 100 O13 450 044 9 O 01 3003 120 o 15 430 4 O12 56 55 140 015 410 040 150 014 340 017 150 O 16 220 o3 21 25 25 27 18 0 019 20 0 70 O 9009000 029 426 28 gt 19 30 O O O O 0 Q o 000 0090 18 20 22 24 25 23 O O OO O 21 23 25 27 29 31 DB 44 POS 52 POS 00 00 dO GUI 00000 1 DOOQRO DOORN Rb i s 9 5 nui a 3 30 ONINLL qus ng 0221 193NNOOH3LNI 620 90 taa pA v S3ISO1ONHO031 032 2 3244 2 25 5 x amp lt 22338 15118157111 4 et 2 1 d fah 4 4 Lad amp 283 1 99MLBPIOLOM4 SO V S3I9010ONHO23L 284 ATO A ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIE
47. 8sJE amp 34 V 34 C 3d T 3d11 3d4 F 3d B 3d XXXX 1d4 14 26s 9675s pINF nIntGain pINF szFilter Val pINF gt nExpTime gt pINF gt nCCDTemp pINF gt nTECTemp pINF gt nintTemp pINF gt nFiltTemp pINF gt nIntBn nCGain nCBin pINF gt pLocation pINF pComment swrcat szInfo temp Put binary information into the header pTime long szInfo HDR TIME Time 4 Bytes pTime pINF 1ImageTime szinfo 199 0 Terminate just to be safe 175 6 9 5 MIPCTL v4 2 2 1 3 93 Header Change Put the binary time at the end of comment in the event of a 0 byte Defines for header offsets Updated 1 3 92 V4 2 2 define HDR_GAIN 30 sidefine HDR_TIME 194 define HDR_CGAIN 88 define HDR_CBIN 90 define HDR_LOCTIN 92 define 119 define HDR_LOC_LEN 26 define HDR COM LEN 75 Build ImageTechnology image header 200 Bytes long szInfo 0 0 Initialize the string Write KEO Identifier into the header and get software version sucpy szInfo KEQ sscanf sz Version Version 96s temp suncat szInfo temp 3 sucat szInfo strncat szInfo szCamera 3 sucat szInfo Write the Date arid Time from the time stamp into the comment tpTime localtime amp pINF gt IImageTimc Convert to local ume suf me temp 20 4 y tpTime Convert Date to suing sucat szInfo temp
48. A lens that covers a hemispherical field of view 180 degrees is usually called fish eye lens These lenses have inherent large distortion because it is not possible to form an image of a hemispheric field onto a plane without distortion This distortion should not be considered as an aberration but a necessary result of the projection There are five proJecuon systems that have been used in fish cye lens design If the angle of an incident ray from an infinite object is and the coordinates of the image point be r then the projections are as follows f is lens focal length r f tan 6 1 2 r 2 f tan 6 2 3 r 4 r sin 5 r 2f sin 92 Projecuon 1 is that of a norma camera lens Projection 2 is called stereographic projection A small circle on the hemicphere with its center at the lens is projected as a circle on the image plane but the diaineter of a ciscle at the edge of the image 1800 is 2x as large as the image of an equally large circle at the pole 0 This projection is similar to our psychological perception of the whole sky Projection 3 is called equidistant projection and is preferred for measurements of zenith and azimuth angles because of the linear relation between r and However the image of a small circle is not a circle and is approximately with the major axis aligned azimuthally Projecuon 4 is called orthographic projecuon The area an image i
49. DSP16 PSTATE1 DSP16 PSTATE2 DSP16 PSTATE3 DSP16 PSTATE4 DSP16 PSTATES DSP16 PSTATE6 DSP16 PSTATE7 DSP16 PSTATE8 DSP16 TSTATEO DSP16 STATES DOWNLOADED CR FORTH WORDS TO HANDLE FORMAT VARIABLE SLENGTH VARIABLE PLENGTH VARIABLE SBINNUM VARIABLE PBINNUM VARIABLE SPRESCAN VARIABLE SPOSTSCAN 230 VARIABLE PPRESCAN VARIABLE PPOSTSCAN VARIABLE SREADLEN VARIABLE PREADLEN INITIALIZE FORMAT PARAMETERS TO DEFAULTS DECIMAL 516 SLENGTH PLENGTH SBINNUM PBINNUM 20 SPRESCAN 0 SPOSTSCAN 0 5 0 PPOSTSCAN 516 SREADLEN 516 PREADLEN INIT FORMAT DSP WAIT CLR TXH TXM CMD_FORMAT CVR SLENGTH DSP16 PLENGTH DSP16 SBINNUM DSP16 PBINNUM DSP16 SPRESCAN DSP16 SPOSTSCAN DSP16 PPRESCAN DSP16 PPOSTSCAN DSP16 SREADLEN DSP16 PREADLEN DSP16 FORMAT INITIALIZED WORDS TO DEAL WITH THE COUNTER USEFUL FOR TIMING THINGS TWAIT WAITS A GIVEN NUMBER OF COUNTER TICKS EXPECTS THAT NUMBER ON THE STACK CODE TWAIT POPD TCNT ADDD BEGIN CPD CS UNTIL NEXT JMP END CODE DECIMAL MWAIT W WAIT W MILLISECONDS 0 DO 1870 TWAIT LOOP DWAIT WAIT W DECISECONDS 0 DO 100 MWAIT LOOP SWAIT W WAIT W SECONDS 0 DO 1000 MWAIT LOOP WORDS TO DEAL WITH KEO S CUSTOM I O INTERFACE BOARD HEX RAM LOCATION TO STORE LAST BYTE SENT TO IO CONTROL REGISTER VARIABLE RAMCTL B400 CONSTANT IOCT
50. int inListBox entry number in List Box agENTRYINFO 6 7 7 Acquisition Table Entry Structure aqTABLEENTR Y aqTABLEENTRY structure creates a linked list of acquisition envies Defined in AQTABLE H typedef struct aqTE struct aqTE next Next table entry in list struct Last table entry in list aqENTRY e Current table entry aqTABLEENTR Y 6 7 8 Equipment Structure aGEQUIPMENT The aqEQUIPMENT structure is used to keep track of equipment set ngs in the instrument such as which filter is in a certain filter wheei slot Defined in AQUIS H typedef struct int nDigItemID Item ID char texi AQ String identifying equipment agEQUIPMENT AQ NUMEQUIPSTRINGS 6 7 9 Acquisition Entry Structure aqENTR Y The aqENTRY holds all the information necessary to execute one event in the acquisition table For a typical acquisition event parameters such as Gaoi Intensifier Gain Exposure are recorded These parameters can also be used for different things such as a math operation where the parameter nExposure has a much different meaning The parameter nFilter is used to record which filter is to be uv d in a data acquisition event and can have the values 1 through 5 for this purpose If this parameter is less than zero it flags an alternative type of acquisition event identified by it s absolute value For example if nFilter is set to 6 this flags that the event is
51. 0 THEN ROUTINES FOR READE IG AND WRITING DSP HOST CONTROL AND HOST DATA HB PORTCC SET C OUT SET C IN PORTC PORTB C HCTL PORTB C ROUTINES FOR SETTING THE HOST ADDRESS 0 HCTL F 0 F 1 F 2 HA1 HCTL T 0 F 1 F 2 HA2 HCTL F 0 T 1 F 2 HCTL HCTLQ 0 T 1 F 2 HCTL 5 HCTL 0 F 1 T 2 HCTL HA6 HCTL F 0 T 1 T 2 HA7 HCTL T 0 T 1 T 2 HCTL BIT MANIPULATIONS OF THE HOST CONTROL PORT RD EN HCTL T 3 WR EN HCTL F 3 HCTL HACK HCTL F 4 HCTL INIT HOST 00 HB F8 HCTL DSP RESET INIT HOST HCTL DUP F 6 HCTL T 6 HCTL DSP IRQB INIT HOST HCTL DUP F 7 HCTL T 7 HCTL DSP BOOT INIT HOST HCTL DUP F 6 F 7 HCTL DUP T 6 HCTL 7 HCTL 3 DR DSP RESET BOOT DSP BOOT EN HOST HCTL 5 HCTL DIS HOST HCTL T 5 HCTL PULL RESET INIT HOST HCTL F 6 HCTL PULL IRQB INIT HOST HCTL 7 HCTL ROUTINES FOR READING AND WRITING THE DSP S INTERNAL HOST REGISTE ICR HAO RD EN EN HOST HB DIS HOST ICR ICR WR EN EN HOST DIS HOST BYTE CVR HA1 RD EN EN HOST HB DIS HOST CVR CVR HA1 WR EN EN HOST DIS HOST BYTE ISRG HA2 RD EN EN HOST HB DIS HOST ISR ISR HA2 WR EN HB EN HOST DIS HOST BYTE RXH HAS RD EN EN HOST HB DIS HOST RXH RXM HA6 RD EN EN HOST HB DIS HOST RXM
52. 10 Driver CCA Schematie sai 282 10 11 Anaiog Processing CCA Schemauc 286 10 12 Clock Power CCA 5 288 10 13 Case Temperature 290 10 14 TEC Unregulated Power Supply Schemautc 291 Chapter 11 Cabling and Internal Wiring AC Power 293 11 2 DC Power Wifipngu a u 294 11 3 External Signal Cable Diagram 295 11 4 External Cable Pinout Documentation 296 11 5 Internal Rear Panel Signal Cable 5 240 2 2 2 297 11 6 CCD Camera Head External Cable to Signal CCA 299 11 7 CCD Camera Head Internal Cable a 301 11 8 305 11 9 Shutter Cable DIAgratmn 304 11 10 Image Intensifier amp TEC Power Cable 305 i 11 11 Filter Wheel Connector amp Stepper Motor 306 11 12 Filter Wheel amp Temperature Control Cabling 307 11 13 Removing the Image ntensifier
53. 92 CRRES Campaign szImageComment 0 0 Initialize the string tpInfo imageInfoHdr nHdrID tplmageTime Geuume structure strfume temp 20 Tod Yob tpInfo Convert Date to string sucpy szimageComment temp copy to image comment strcat szImageComment add a space to comment strftime ternp 20 X tpInfo Convert Time to string sucat szImageComment temp copy to image comment sprintl temp 01 14 lt 585 341 34 34 11 34 34 34 1 34 2305 805 imagcInfoHdr nHdr1D nIntGain imageInfoHdr nHdrID szFilter Val imagelnfoHdr nHdrID nExpTime imagcInfoHdr nHdrID nFOV 171 imagelnfoHdr nHdrID cCCDTemp imageInfoHdr nHdrID cTECTemp imagelnfoHdr nHdrID cintTemp imagelnfoHdr nHdrID cFiltTemp imageInfoHdr nHdrID clntBri2 szLocation szComment strcat szImageComment temp 6 9 2 MIPCIL v4 0 3 11 19 92 szImage Comment 0 0 Initialize the suring Write KEO Identifier into the header and get software version strcpy szImageComment KEO sscanf sz Version Version 5 temp strncat szzImageComment temp 3 strcat szImageComment suncat szImageComment szCamera 3 sucat szImageComment Write the Date and Time from thc timestamp into the comment tpTime localtime amp pINF gt IImageTime Convert to local time strfume temp 20 d wb tpTime Conver
54. AFG board is done in signed arithmetic you will need to clear all 16 bits of any extraneous information such as overlays and then do signed arithmetic Even if the images are only 12 bits deep all 16 bits will be used in the result because of the way signed integers are represented on the AFG board It would be a useful exercise for users to experiment with these features with different post processing options and GAOI depths to make sure they understand the hardware processing on the AFG board The image math is extremely fast on this board 16msec but capabilities are limited by the hardware architecture Save Data Saves the image selected in the Source GAOI control to disk The image is stored in the ITEX format The image can be stored on any disk in any directory and follows the standard IBM CUA guidelines for File Saving Save image file 77257 Fie Nome Dwectory c mip calibrat Gaoi Restore Data Restore Data allows the user to open up an image from the disk using the standard IBM CUA guidelines for opening files This irnage is assumed to be in format and will be read into the currently displayed GAOI Open Image File File Name biashigh img Durectory c vaspXvcalibrat Image Info This dialog box allows you to quickly look at the image information header of any image on the disk This box does not initially restore the whole image to a GAOL If you want to view this
55. Advanced Frame Grabber from Imaging Technology henceforth referred to as the AFG It is extremely beneficial to have a basic understanding of this board and the ITEX documentation has a good introduction into both the hardware and the software for the board especially Chapter 3 of the Hardware Manual The AFG Board has a 1024x1024 pixel frame buffer with 16 bits depth The lower 12 bits are used to store the image information and the upper 4 bits are used for graphic overlays such as image labelling lines graphs etc In this way the image labelling does not affect the integrity of the data There are times however when one would like to use all 16 bits of the frame buffer for image data such as when adding ten 12 bit images together to take an average Care then has to be taken when using the frame buffer to know exactly what section you are using and what is presently available The version of the MIPCTL software delivered with the HAARP System has provision for doing all image overlay and graphics in a super imposed VGA window so that none of this data is being written into the frame buffer memory This insures the integrity of all 16 bits of image memory 4 3 2 Image Definitions General Area of Interest GAOD An area defined in this frame buffer is called a General Area of Interest or abbreviated as GAOI There are defined GAOI s that are used in the MIPCTL application that are useful to know The frame buffer is broken int
56. CLC OD CPU SEC OE CPU CLI OF CPU SEI 10 CPU SBA 11 CPU CBA 12 OP DD MM RR BRSET 13 OP DD MM RR BRCLR 14 OP DD MM BSET 15 OP DD MM BCLR 16 CPU TAB 17 CPU TBA 18 2 19 CPU DAA 1A PAGE 2 1B CPU ABA 1C BSET ID BCLR IE BRSET IF BRCLR 20 OP RR BRA 21 OP RR BRN 22 OP RR BHI 23 OP RR BLS 24 OP RR BCC 24 OP RR BHS 25 OP RR BCS 25 OP RR BLO 26 OP RR BNE 27 OP RR BEQ 28 OP RR BVC 29 OP RR BVS 2A OP RR BPL 2B OP RR BMI 2C OP RR BGE 2D OP RR BLT 2 OP RR BGT 2F OP RR BLE 30 CPU TSX 31 CPU INS 32 CPU PULA 33 CPU PULB 34 CPU DES 35 CPU TXS 36 CPU PSHA 37 CPU PSHB 38 CPU PULX 39 CPU RTS CPU ABX 3B CPU RTI 3C CPU PSHX 3D CPU MUL 3E CPU WAI CPU SWI 49 CPU NEGA 41 NC 42 NC 43 CPU COMA 44 CPU LSRA 45 NC 46 CPU RORA 47 CPU ASRA 48 CPU ASLA 49 CPU ROLA 4A CPU DECA 211 4B NC 4C CPU INCA 4D CPU TSTA 4E NC 4F CPU CLRA 50 CPU NEGB 51 NC 52NC 53 CPU COMB 54 CPU LSRB 55 NC 56 CPU RORB 57 CPU ASRB 58 CPU ASLB 59 CPU ROLB 5A CPU DECB 5B NC 5 CPU INCB 5D CPU TSTB SENC SF CPU CLRB 60 7F 40 1112 CPU NEG 43 1112 CPU COM 44 1112 CPU LSR 46 1112 CPU ROR 47 1112 CPU ASR 48 1112 CPU ASL 49 1112 CPU ROL 4A 1112 CPU DEC 4C 1112 CPU INC 4D 1112 CPU TST 1112 CPU JMP 4 1112 CPU CLR 80 BF 80 1112 CPU SUBA 81 1112 CPU
57. CLEAR READ TERM EMIT 2BIN SET TO 2x2 BINNING 2 SBINNUM 2 PBINNUM 256 SREADLEN 256 PREADLEN INIT FORMAT TERM EMIT IBIN SET TO 1 1 BINNING 1 SBINNUM 1 PBINNUM 516 SREADLEN 516 PREADLEN INIT FORMAT TERM EMIT CCD GAIN SET THE CCD A D CONVERTER GAIN GETNUM DUP 2 IF DROP 1 ELSE CGAINO THEN TERM EMIT DARK DARK EXPOSURE IN DECISECONDS GETNUM DUP 1 lt IFDROP 1 ELSE DDARK THEN TERM EMIT DEFAULT SET CCD TO DEFAULT PARAMETERS INITIALIZE FORMAT PARAMETERS TO DEFAULTS DECIMAL 516 SLENGTH 516 PLENGTH 1 SBINNUM PBINNUM 20 SPRESCAN SPOSTSCAN 0 5 0 PPOSTSCAN 516 SREADLEN 516 PREADLEN INIT FORMAT SEND THESE TO THE DSP TERM_EMIT 202 EXPOSE GETNUM DUP 2 lt IF DROP 1 ELSE CLS CLEAR OPS 1 DWAIT EXPOSE CCD SHTR_STS DUP 3 IF DROP 1 DWAIT CLS 1 DWAIT 0 ELSE CLS 4 OR THEN THEN TERM_EMIT FOCUS TERM EMIT DECIMAL OBS 0 ERRSTS GETNUM DUP 2 lt 1 ERRCHK IFDUP2 IF DROP 2 THEN CLS CLEAR PORTA T 6 PORTA C 1 DWAIT STS 1 AND 0 2 ERRCHK IF SET NOSCAN SET SINGLE SET CH4 4ADC 4 DUP 180 gt 4 ERRCHK IF PORTA C T 5 PORTA C 1 DWAIT SHTR_STS 2 AND 0 8 ERRCHK IF SWAP 1 DWAIT CLS READ SHTR_STS 16 ERRCHK DROP ELSE DROP CLS THEN ELSE DROP CLS THEN ELSE CLS THEN THEN ERRLVL 0 IF FOCUS LOOP NOT YET IMPLEMENTED OBSERVE OPE
58. CMPA 82 1112 CPU SBCA 83 2112 SUBD 84 1112 CPU ANDA 85 1112 CPU BITA 86 1112 CPU LDAA 87 0112 CPU STAA 88 1112 CPU EORA 89 1112 CPU ADCA 212 1112 CPU ORAA 8B 1112 CPU ADDA 8C CPX 8D 0112 JSR 8 2112 CPU LDS 8F 0112 CPU STS 8 CPU XGDX 1112 CPU SUBB C1 1112 CPU CMPB C2 1112 CPU SBCB C3 2112 CPU ADDD C4 1112 CPU ANDB C5 1112 CPU BITB C6 1112 CPU LDAB C7 0112 CPU STAB C8 1112 CPU EORB C9 1112 CPU ADCB CA 1112 CPU ORAB CB 1112 CPU ADDB CC 2112 CPU LDD CD 0112 CPU STD CELDX CF STX CF CPU STOP 08 PG 2 CPU INY 09 PG 2 CPU DEY 30 PG 2 CPU TSY 35 PG 2 CPU TYS 38 PG 2 CPU PULY PG 2 CPU ABY 3C PG 2 CPU PSHY 8 PG 2 CPU XGDY 8D OP RR BSR 0 ADDRESS THE BOTTOM OF THE STACK SEC Y 2 ADDRESS SECOND ITEM ON STACK STATE IF 12 ERROR THEN 7PAIRS IF 13 ERROR THEN BEGIN HERE 1 UNTIL EXEC gt 1 PAIRS R gt C HERE 1 C AGAIN 21 UNTIL HE C HERE 0 C 2 THEN 2 PAIRS HERE OVER 1 SWAP C ELSE 2 PAIRS 1 0 BRA SWAP HERE OVER I SWAP C 2 213 1 XOR REVERSE ASSEMBLY TEST 20 CONSTANT FL 21 CONSTANT TR 22 CONSTANT LS 23 CONSTANT HI 24 CONSTANT CS 24 CONSTANT LO 25 CONSTANT CC 25 CONSTANT HS 26 CONSTANT EQ 27 CONSTANT NE 28 CONSTANT VS 29 CONSTANT V
59. DDARK W WDS5CISECOND DARK CLOSE CLEAR DWAIT READ SDARK W WSECONDDARK CLOSE CLEAR SWAIT READ WORDS TO PERFORM XPOSURE FRAME ACQUISITION MORS W W MILLISCCOND OBSERVATION CLOSE CLEAR OPEN MWAIT CLOSE 1 DWAIT READ DOBS W W DECISECOND OBSERVATION CLOSE CLEAR OPEN DWAIT CLOSE 1 DWAIT READ SOBS W W SECOND OBSERVATION CLOSE CLEAR OPEN SWAIT CLOSE 1 DWAIT READ WORDS THAT ARE USEFUL FOR TESTING HARDWARE SHADES BEGIN SHADE TERMINAL UNTIL READS BEGIN READ TERMINAL UNTIL CLEARS BEGIN CLEAR 7TERMINAL UNTIL INIT DSP BOOT SR DSP DUMP INIT STATES INIT FORMAT MID GAIN STORE THE AUTOSTART SEQUENCE AND THE CFA OF THE AUTOSTART WORD IN EXTERNAL EPROM EPROM CONSTANT ASTART ASTART EEUNPROT UNPROTECT EEPROM A44A DUP ASTART STORE THE AUTOSTART PATTERN RESTORE LITERAL CFA GET THE CFA OF OUR AUTOSTART WORD DICT START DICT OFFSET OF AUTOSTART WORD EEDICT START LOCATION OF AUTOSTART WORD IN EEPROM DUP ASTART 2 EE STORE THAT AFTER THE AUTOSTART PATTERN EEPROT PROTECT THE EEPROM CR AUTOSTART SEQUENCE STORED END OF KEO CAMERA CODE Please LOAD the KEO Consultants Code MIP FOF now 8 8 FORTH Directory Contents C MIP FORTH 8 8 1 Advanced Technologies FORTH Code The following are the FORTH files provided by Advanced Technologies for their controller board These files are listed above in Secti
60. FILPOS 22 SET INTGAIN 23 SET MIPBYTE 24 INT ON 25 INT OFF 26 RD SHTRS 27 RD FILPOS 28 RD MIPBYTE 29 RD INTGAIN 30 POSZRR 31 KD TEMPS 32 RD INTBRT 33 ENDOFM P CMDLIST 6 4 91 CAL 34 CONSTANT NUM CMND MIP COMMAND LOOP USING SYSTEM 6 22 91 CAL MIP COMMAND LOOP FOR MIP USER Control Software Version 19 CR Hit 0 to return to FORTH Kernel CR TERM EMIT EMIT FOR ACKNOLEDGMENT BEGIN TERMINAL CHECK FOR TERMINAL IF KEY 48 DUP NORMALIZE COMMAND FROM ASCII TOINT DUP 0 lt NOT SWAP NUM_CMND lt AND CHECK FOR LIMITS IF DUP THEN GET COMMAND AND EXECUTE ELSE 1 0 FOR LOOP CONTROL THEN TEST FOR SYSTEM COMMAND WHILE IF NOT CONTINUE LOOP EXECUTE SYSTEM COP UTITLIES REPEAT Note To start the 68HC11 off in the MIP program from autostart the commands INIT and MIP must be added to the end of RESTORE which is the present autostart routine CAL HEX MIPINIT 1 B400 SET MIP INTERFACE 100 INT HEX RETRIEVING THE DICTIONARY CR START THE RESTORE PROCESS 6104 START ADDR OF DICTIONARY IN EEPROM 200 START ADDR OF DICTIONARY INRAM 6100 6102 2 GET END ANDSTART OFRAMDICT SUBTRACT TO GET DICTIONARY LENGTH CMOVE MOVE DICTIONARY RETRIEVIN ORTH USER AREA CR 6100 GET THERAM DICTEND ADDRESS 6102 GET THE RAM DICT START ADDRESS NOW WE
61. FOR Contains udlities to test the performance of the filterwheel There are quite a few dictionary words defined in this file but most are words that are used in the two main functions ddd TEST FILPOS ddd repetition time in deciseconds on stack ppp TIME FW lt gt target position 1 5 on stack TEST FILPOS sets up a loop to automatically test all filter move posibilities Each move returns a status line that gives the MOVE type the TARGet posiuon the number of 20 intervals it took to make the move or the ERRor return code the PRESent position and the cycle number This program is terminated by hitting any key It will take up to 5 moves to terminate however Upon termination TEST_FILPOS will report all the error tallies for this session An example of running this program would be 50 257 1 3 28 PRES 3 NUM 1 MV 2 1 37 PRES 1 NUM 2 1 5 4 21 PRES 5 NUM 3 2 2 36 PRES 2 NUM 4 MV 1 TARG 1 26 PRES 1 NUM 5 1 2 PRES 4 NUM 6 2 2 TE PRES 4 NUM 7 1 3 25 PRES 3 NUM 8 2 5 38 PRES 5 NUM 5 1 TARG 4 27 PRES 4 NUM 10 NUMBER POS ERRS 0 NUMBER OF TARGET ERRORS 2 OK The above example ran the TEST_FILPOS utilities using a 5 second cycle time and 10 moves were executed in which there were two TO timeou
62. Hardware and Software Introductions to become familiar with the board s capability A block diagram of the AFG board is shown in Figure 4 1 11 0 1024 x 1024 x 16 256 worcs 0125 rr erfsce PC AT Figure 4 1 AFG Block Diagram 89 The AFG has a daughter board that mixes the VGA from the VGA board with the output display from the AFG s frame buffer This output must go to a multi sync monitor such as the NEC 3FGx Using this VGA mixing board one monitor can be used to view both the image display and the computer s screen key color is set up to choose how to mix both displays Two displays can also be used at any time for greater flexibility 3FGx Monitor The NEC 3FGx is a 15 Multi sync Flat Screen display capable of up to 1024x768 resolution It is presently set up for VGA display 640x480 The NEC 3FGx monitor delivered with the HAARP Imager is Model JC1532VMA N and SN 22 24855 Gateways 2000 486 Computer The computer runs an Intel 486DX2 processor at 50MHz with 8MB of RAM DOS 5 0 and Windows 3 1 are installed on the system DOS 6 0 is provided with the system if an upgrade is desired It is recommended that the operator become familiar with these operating systems especially Windows 4 3 Understanding the Image Processing System 4 3 1 AFG Hardware Specifics Hardware of the Image Processing System is mostly defined by the frame grabber board the
63. I O address 0x310 The 4 settings must reflect this under Windows 3 1 in order for this to work Gateways Telepath Modem Fax Board A Gateways Telepath 3 5 Modem FAX board was installed in the HAARP IP System and allows up to 14 4KBaud Modem communications and 9 00Baud Send Receive FAX capabilities The Telepath is installed at COM3 IRQS and nas both communications and FAX software installed with For Windows 3 1 users CrossTalk for Windows communications and WinFax Faxing can be used 88 SuperVGA Board The has ATI Ultra Board with 1 of Video RAM installed which has a resolution of up to 1024x764 The output of the VGA board is sent to the video mixing input connector on the AFG board Advanced Frame Grabber AFG Image Processing board This two board set contains all the image processing and display hardware for the HAARP Imager The model number for the AFG board ordered for HAARP is VP1510 KIT 512 U C1 M3 AT A GSP chip TMS34010 controls al the display and system interface functions on the board This GSP has 2MB of system memory of which about SM is currently used 2MB of video frame IKx1Kx16 make up the frame buffer Four multiplexed RS 170 inputs and one 12 bit digital input port are available on the board The 12 bit digital input port is used for the HAARP Camera head The AFG also has an extensive hardware Arithmetic Logic Unit It is recommended that the user read the AFG
64. JI D J PISUQO By SUB BABYS Jey SUB juO uono llo2 Iy 26 191 119874 1598 1091515000 euo6eip Jeu S SU l Jewo 9 6 5 BUON 0 v4 wwoog 0 83 UJU00S tZ 83 073044005 580 0 83 Uw00S 0 953 005 0 953 052 006 S 3 uwosz 0071 07 3 012 0 3AuwOSI 0 93 0 06 S 4 007 09 18 pesn 63 061 ivt 0 4 18 posn 8 23 wuuog 0 4 1 pesn v c4 wuwo6 t4t 093 18 pesn 8 63 06 0071 0 93 18 pesn 6 13 4408 A2u912143 wwse peiqascey 191 0 18 0 3 06 5634 0605 Q 3 1e 963 5 65 4209 213 26 4 9 S 4 1 9 3 26 988 Awen S j uuwsg 5 3 00 1 0 93 16 pesn 7490191519 wuoz 699 9071 07 3 2 19591 20 i tuio3 uunipeW The effective focal length of the two plano convex elements is chosen to equal the distance from the exit pupil in Figures 1
65. New Micro 68HC11 Reference Manual Motorola 56001 DSP Reference Manual Motorola 182 7 2 Advanced Technologies FORTH and DSP Code The Advanced Technologies FORTH Code contains all the necessary words to control the DSP processor the CCD Camera electronics and the EEPROM RAM functions Normally you shouldn t have to worry about this code and will be modifying or adding new dictionary words in the HAARP FORTH code However if somehow you have corrupted or need to change the Advanced Technologies code there are 6 files that need to be loaded They are in order of loading The 7 corresponds to the version There might be more recent versions as of this documentation KEOasm7 Contains 68HC11 assembler words KEOrom7 Contains words for EEPROM RAM control KEOdsp7 Contains words for DSP control KEOadc Contains words for ADC port PortE KEOtim Contains the CCD timing state definitions KEOcmd7 Contains the CCD control command words Each file starts with a FORGET command This erases the current dictionary from there on If you made a change in KEOdsp7 you will need to reload everything from KEOdsp7 onwards After you have loaded the Advanced Technologies FORTH files you will then need to load the current HAARP FORTH file For historical reasons the HAARP FORTH file is called MIPXX FOR where XX is the version number This is because this code was originally developed for the MIP instrument and the programs are identical
66. PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SREAD8 SRD9 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SREAD9 SPOST STATES ARE FINAL STATES FOR SERIAL PIXEL POSTSCANNING SPSTO IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOSTO SPST PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOSTI1 SPST2 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOST2 SPST3 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOST3 SPST4 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOST4 5 5 5 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOSTS5 SPST6 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOST6 5 5 7 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOST7 SPST8 IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOSTS8 SPST9 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPOST9 TSTATES ARE FINAL STATES FOR CLOCKING TEST DATA IDLE SCK HI OR SW HI OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR HI OR DCK HI OR CONSTANT TSTATEO PLEASE DOWNLOAD KEOCMD FILE 229 8 7 KEOcmd7 Advanced Technologies Code KEOCMD FORTH CODE FOR KEO CAMERA COMMANDS CONSTANTS FOR COMMAND VECTOPS 92 CONSTANT CMD STATES 93 CONSTANT CMD FORMAT 94 CONSTANT CMD CLEAR 95 CONSTANT CMD READ 96 CONSTANT CMD TEST FORTH WORDS TO HANDLE STATE DOWNLOADING INIT STATES CR DSP WAIT DSP READY CR CLR TXH TXM CMD STATES CVR SPREO DSP16 SPRE1 DSP16 SPRE2 DSP16 SPRE3 DSP16 SPRE4 DSP16 SPRE5 DSP16 SPRE6 DSP16 SPRE7 DSP16 SPRE8 DSP16 SPRE9 DSP16 SREADO DSP16 SREADI DSP16 SREAD2 DSP16 SREAD3 DSP16 SREAD4 DSP16 SREADS DSP16 SREAD6 DSP16 SREAD7 DSP16 SREAD8 DSP16 SREAD9 DSPI16 SPOSTO DSP16 SPOSTI DSP16 SPOST2 DSP16 SPOST3 DSP16 SPOST4 DSP16 SPOST5 DSP16 5 5 6 DSP15 SPOST7 DSP16 SPOST8 DSP16 SPOST9 DSP16 PST
67. RXL HA7 RD EN EN HOST HB DIS HOST RX TXH HAS WR EN HB EN HOST DIS HOST BYTE TXM HA6 WR EN HB EN HOST DIS HOST BYTE 221 TXL HA7 WR EN HB EN HOST DIS HOST BYTE CLR TXH TXM 00 DUP TXH TXM ROUTINES FOR INTERFRETING THE HOST REGISTERS RXDF ISR MASK LEAVES TRUE IF RXDF BIT SET 7 ISR MASK 1 LEAVES TRUE IF TXDE BIT SET HF2 ISR MASK 3 TRUE IF 2 SET HF3 ISR MASK 4 TRUE IF HF3 SET HREQ ISR MASK 7 TRUE IF DSP IS CALLING HREQ T HFO 3 SETS TO TRUE F HFO ICR F 3 ICR SETS TO FALSE ICR T 4ICR SETS TO TRUE F HF1 ICRQ F 4ICR SETS HF TO FALSE DSP BUSY 2 DSP WAIT BEGIN DSP BUSY 0 UNTIL HV VECTOR DUP IF IF T 7 CVR ELSE VECTOR TOO LARGE THEN ROUTINES FOR GETTING FILES FROM THE PC TO THE DSP XLATE ASCII VALUE HEX VALUE DUP DUP 2F gt SWAP 40 lt AND IF 30 ELSE DUP DUP 40 gt SWAP 47 lt AND IF 37 ELSE CR ILLEGAL CHARACTER RECIEVED CR THEN THEN VARIABLE END ADDR VARIABLE BOT BUF VARIABLE TOP BUF HERE END ADDR 2 ALLOT HERE BOT BUF 600 ALLOT HERE TOP BUF TOP BUF BOT BUF CONSTANT BUF LENGTH DNLD 222 TOP BUF BOT BUF DO KEY DUP 24 IF CHAR IF EMIT I 1 END ADDR LEAVE STORE COUNTER AS END ADDR LEAVE ELSE DUP 20 IF ITS A SPACE IF EMIT R gt 1
68. The higher the step size the quicker the histogram will execute but the less representative of the image the results will be Bin Size refers to how many histogram bins are computed 1 corresponds to every pixel value 0 to 4095 for a 12 bit image 2 corresponds to 2 pixel values binned into one bin 0 to 2047 for a 12 bit image etc This will also greatly increase the speed of histogram execution The AutoBin checkbox allows the MIPCTL application to determine the optimum bin size for a plot Since most Histograms are used for plots a value similiar to the resolution of the VGA screen would be best Since the maximum horizontal resolution of our monitors is 1024 pixels a normal histogram would be 1024 points The AutoBin calculates this binning factor For the 16 bit image selected above a binning factor of 6 is used to map 0 65535 to 0 gt 1023 65536 1024 64 or 2 6 If higher resolution data for the histogram is desired then disable the AutoBin mode by clearing the checkbox and enter the desired binning factor Row and Column Plot Row and Column plot read a line of pixels down a selected column or row and then plots this in the standard Plot window You can either enter the column or row manually via an edit box or by using the mouse A colored line unique to this plotting window appears in the overlay window for the image Arbitrary Plot Arbitrary plot reads a line of pixels across an arbitrary line and then plo
69. VE GOT THE DICTIONARY LENGTH 6104 ADD EEDICT OFFSET TO GET ADDR OF USER AREA IN EEPROM 6 84 CMOVE MOVE USER AREA RETRIEVE STATE COMPLETE CR INIT HEX EPROM CONSTANT MSTART Autostart Store routine stores the starting address of MIPINIT into the auto start address of uic EEPROM CAUTION 444 44 This must come last in your dictionary and make sure you STORE any changes to the dictionary first before doing this and then 207 rebooting the computer I learned the hard way MST ART EEUNPROT DUP MSTART EE MIPINIT LITERAL CFA DICT START EEDICT START DUP MSTART 2 EE EEPROT AUTOSTART SEQUENCE STORED End of MIPIO FOR 208 8 2 KEOasm7 Advanced Technologies Code FORGET CODE SUB HEX 100 TIB 100 TIB 2 200 DP KEO CAMERA CODE FORTH CODE FOR CONTROL OF THE KEO CAMERA THIS SOFTWARE IS DIVIDED INTO KEOASM FOR FORTH ASSEMBLER CODE FOR THE KEO CAMERA SYSTEM WRITTEN IN FORTH AND SUPPLIED BY NEW MICROS INC CODE SUB COMPILE CODE SUB COMPILE ASSEMBLER IMMEDIATE ASSEMBLER DEFINITIONS VARIABLE 00 MODE DIR 10 MODE X 20 MODE Y 120 MODE EXT 30 MOD 98 MODE 0 7DIR MODE 10 X MODE G 20 2 Y MODE Q 1205 MODE 30 MODE LSB FF AND ERROR ID CFA 4A EXECUTE RANGE C DUP FF
70. board is then read every 20 msec The filter wheel position is masked out and checked with the target position If they are not equal this process is repeated unu the filter wheel has reached the target or 1 second has elapsed 1f the filter wheel reaches the target the new present position read is returned along with the terminating character If not the filterwheel position is negated and returned along with the terminating character Gets a number from the host checks for limits and returns a 6 if there was an input error The command is then shifted into the output byte B3 B4 and outputted it to the Interface card After 1 msec the interface card is read IG compared with the output cmd returns a 0 if they re equal or a IG if they re not Finally SET INTGAIN emits a terminating character Turns on the Intensifier Power control bit in the output byte B5 outputs it to the Interface card and returns the terminating character Turns off the Intensifier Power control bit in the output byte B5 outputs it to the Interface card and returns the terminating character Reads the status byte from the Interface card masks out the intensifier gain bits B4 B5 returns this value and emits 191 RD_FILPOS SET_MIPBYTE RD_MIPBYTE RD_POSERR RD_TEMPS RD INTBRT terminating character Reads the status byte from the Interface card masks out the filter wheel positiun bits retuzns this value and emits a
71. box to define one To use the mouse click on the mouse button and move the rnouse to your desired starting posiuon Notice that the origin coordinates will be updated with the mouse 114 movements Once you are at your desired origin depress the mouse button and while holding it down drag the mouse to you ending point colored rectangle will follow the movement of the mouse If you are dissatisfied with the result either type in a new ROI or just press the MOUSE button again and a new ROI will be defined Statistics Statistics calculates the Mean RMS Max and Min of the presently defined ROl in the selected image 272 Statistics Min 824 Mean 1339 18 1341 AMS 118 234 ROI X1 164 x2 317 v1 1082 Y2 338 The Statistics dialog box also gives you the coordinaies of the ROI and the number of pixels data points contained in the ROI In addition you can select a new image from within the Statistics dialog and new statisucs will be calculated for the defined ROI of this image Histogram Histogram computes a histogram of the selected image or ROI defined in the image and plots the results in the standard MIPCTL plotting window sa Histogram Step Bin D AutoBin There are two parameters that control the histogram that can be changed Step size and Bin size Step size refers to how many pixels are taken for the sample 1 corresponds to every pixel and n corresponds to every nth pixel
72. camera control systems such as CCD read clear bias The 68HC11 is programmed in FORTH and has an embedded FORTH system burnt into it s intemal ROM In addition there is an external EEPROM which permanently stores the user FORTH dictionary and an external RAM for operation During bootup the contents of the EEPROM are loaded into RAM This section discusses the FORTH program bumed into EEPROM The DSP56001 is a dedicated processor to provide the actual clocking and timing signals required by the CCD It is used as a state machine to quickly clock through all the different states that the CCD needs The DSP code is written in 56000 Assembler and stored the EEPROM of the 68HC11 as binary executable code At bootup the 68HC11 downloads this code to the DSP RAM and tests the DSP s functionality The 68HC11 on the Advanced Technologies Control Board is supplied by New Micros Inc 1601 Chalk Hill Rd Dallas Texas 75212 214 339 2204 181 At power up auto start routine loads the dictionary from the EEPROM to loads the DSP code into the DSP RAM initializes the DSP chip and HAARP CCD electronics and starts the HAARP command loop The HAARP command loop restricts the input to the camera and hence protects the FORTH system from causing catastrophic failures due to operational errors The can also be operated as any FORTH system by exiting out of this command loop Atthis point the user can use any of the pres
73. full 180 degrees the lens at 1 5 only uses 10 of the photons emitted from the intensifier output From the Rodenstock plot one can see that there is also vignetting in the lens combination of 7 98 91 MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION FOR XR Heligon lOCmm F 1 5 draw no 3801 257 20 ON 4307 9001 TV Heligon 42mm F 0 75 draw no 3801 212 22 E 0 047 Phosphor 20 Separation 10 mm BETA 0 4242 BLENDENDURCHMESSER 55 02 SCALE F STOP DIAMETER P ORTSFREQUENZ 95 48 24 1 mm SPATIAL FREQUENCY F NUMBER A p20p T Ox 446 0nm 498 0nm 50 0nm 602 0nm 654 0nm Relative BEW 3 6 16 8 65 4 95 3 87 6 43 8 25 3 13 6 5 8 Output e BEUGUNGSTHEORETISCHER WERT SAGITTAL DIFFRACTION LIMITED VALUE MERIDIONAL HREL 0 3 0 5 0 7 0 9 1 0 100 90 20 24 528 60 50 7T 40 Y Dist from ameter of Int 3 75 6 26 8 76 10 64 12 51 Y Y O MITTE 1 591 2 651 3 710 4 497 5 258 Y 0 AXIS Dist from canter of ID WINKEL GRAD 2 58 4 29 5 99 7 26 8 53 ANGLE DEGREE HELLIGKEIT 4 98 97 96 96 91 LIGHT INTENSITY Relstive vignetting VERZEICHMUNG 0 00 0 23 0 27 0 28 1 04 8 16 DISTORTION 4 1 Figure 2 14 Rodenstock Relay Lens MTF Calculations 2 3 Shutter Modifications The HAARP imager uses two Melles Griot shutters During calibration of the imager the back shutter started failing intermittently KEO examined the r
74. in Figure 1 5 Figure 1 5 Re imaging optics schematic The rays making up individual image forming cones would continue to diverge after the primary focal plane C in Figure 1 5 and portions of each ray cone would be lost from the following optics Consequently a field lens D in Figure 1 5 is inserted just after the filter position To minimize aberrations an achromatic doublet is used in the orientation shown The focal length of this lens depends on the final image size desired The camera lens F in Figure 1 5 is placed near the common pupil of all the ray cones from the image To minimize aberrations especially field curvature it is desirable to use the camera lens at near its infinity focus Consequently a close up lens E in Figure 1 5 is placed in front of the camera lens with its focal length chosen to be the same or slightly longer than that of the field lens Again to minimize aberrations an achromatic doublet is used with the orientation shown The field lens and close up lens configuration is shown in Figure 1 6 Figure 1 6 Field lens and close up lens The focal length f of the camera lens F in Figure 1 5 and its separation L from the primary image plane is determined by the required final image size d on the detector if D is the primary image diamcter then dD f L D is fixed by the choice of primary lens format norninally 92 mm for the Pentax 6x7 medium format lenses but this diameter i5 red
75. make sure that all the Start prompts appear and that the processor comes up in the MIP command mode as usual Order for sending A SCO text files the 68 1 1 KEOasm7 KEOrom KEOdsp7 KEOadc8 KEOtim KEOcmd7 MIP10 FOR Download KEO8 DSP Chapter 8 FORTH Code Listings 8 1 MIPIO FOR KEO Consultants Code for Camera Controller MIP10 FOR KEO CONSULTANTS LAST MODIFIED CAL07 23 93 07 23 mod Added better resolution to Set_filpos 09 21 mod Added error level system 09 21 mod Changed all error codes to return a negative number 09 21 mod SET 5 poles for correct position instead of just waiting 1 second w New software development for MIP camera Interface to Master through serial port using SYSTEM COP and no echoing of characters COMMENTS Presently the System Cop 15 not imple mented All functions do range checking Another function could be added to create a timeout error GETNUM to decrease the chance of a communications lock up new version has been written that has a two letter command starting with the character C and has been tested and works but I have not implemented it as as I don t think it is presently necessary WARNING Do not use TABs in any file FORGET IN_BUFF Create an Input Buffer for incoming parameters DECIMAL CREATE IN_BUFF
76. much brighter spots called ion noise This is due to positive ions created at the input of the micro channei plates There is an aluminized layer on the front of the MCP which is designed to stop these ions from drifting back to the cathode Occasional ions are accelerated back into the photocathode emitting a burst of electrons creating a large flash of light When looking at the output of an image intensifier it is easy to disunguish between the two types of noises In calculating the average dark current for the image intensifier these occasional ion spots were avoided Curves for the intensifier dark current are shown in Figure 2 28 Notice that similiar to the CCD we get about a factor of 2 reduction in dark current for every 6 C of cooling or factor of 10 for every 20 C of cooling 1 can be seen from Figure 2 27 above that only about another factor of 10 could be achieved by cooling the photocathode down to about 20 C The HAARP intensifier designed was chosen to cool to around 1 gt 5 C to avoid condensation on the cooler window Typically the cooler achieves a differential of about 20 C 1000 00 100 00 10 00 4 Electrons sec 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Temperature C Figure 2 28 HAARP Intensifier Dark Current 51 The intensifier dark current vs temperature was measured by disconnecting the Intensifier Cooler TEC power and putting different valued resistors in series to reduce
77. ora a brown b red ck Qe Note 9 setup or RS422 boards using the B amp B Electronics 232CICC Updated 5 93 KEO Consultants Cyril Lance 296 MIP HAARP Cabling Documentation KEO Consultants 4 Internal Cable Rear Panel of Instrument to Interface cards interf Br nel cca lor ir D0 31 A Grn red D0 32 B Red grn 01 36 Wht red 01 35 D Red wht D2 24 E Blue red D2 23 F Red Blue D3 28 H Org Bik D3 27 J Bik Org D4 14 K Brn 04 13 L 05 18 Yliw Red 05 17 N Red Yllw D6 11 P Wht Bik D6 12 R Wht D7 16 S Red Blk 07 15 T Red D8 5 U Grn Bik D8 6 V Grn D9 9 w Blue Bik D9 10 X Blue D10 4 Y Grn Org D10 3 2 D11 8 a Brn Red D11 7 b Red Brn PIXEL CLK 25 g Org Red PIXEL CLK 26 h Red EOL CLK 34 Grn Brn EOL CLK 33 f Brn Grn EOF CLK 38 c Grn Blue EOF CLK 37 d Blue Grn GND 1 K Wht Blue GND 2 j Blue Wht Name DSP Cntrl Brd Rear Panel conn color amp pair 1 2 1 3 p IB YTDX 4 jq RESET 5 SW GND 10 SW Connectors Rear Panel MIP HAARP Computer Iriterface Cable 37 PIN Circular 67 Series Amphenol Adv Tech Signal Board AMP Mod IV 44 Pin Double Row 1 Adv Tech DSP Board Mod IV 10 Pin Double Row 1 Grn Wht Wht Gm Grn Yllw
78. programmers interested in learning more about the software that runs the HAARP imager This section can be ignored otherwise 6 7 1 General Area of Interest GAOI GAOISTRUCT 15 used to access 5 on the AFG board that are predefined by the MIPCTL program Using the GAOI structures discussed in Section 4 3 2 three variables 161 nQuad nImage nDepth hold the information while nIndex is the actual pointer in the AFG GAOI table used when communicating with the AFG board Defined in MIPGLBLS H typedef struct short nIndex Index into AFG GAOI Table int nQuad Quadrant in Frame Buffer int Image in Quadrant int nDepth Image Depth GAOISTRUCT 6 7 2 Image Structure IMAGESTRUCT IMAGESTRUCT is the main structure used for any image stored in the AFG frame buffer This structure contains pointers to the GAOI the Image Overlay Window and Image Overlay List ROI and the Image Information structure MIPCTL creates a table of these structures that correspond to the predefined images discussed in Section 4 3 2 Defined in MIPGLBLS H typedef struct IMAGESTRUCT Image Structure HWND hWndOwner Handle to the parent window HWND hIooWnd Handle to the Ioo window short nGaoi ioo GAOI HIOO hloo Handle to the image object list HIMINFO hIminfo Handle to the image info header RECT Rectangle for ROI WORD flags Flags for looWnd IMAGESTRUCT plmage
79. resolution Figure 2 20 To do this the curvature correction lens and the cooler window were remo ed As discussed in Section 2 1 4 the theoretical limit of the CCD at full resolution is 25 Ip mm Because we are mapping a 10mm CCD image from a 25mm Intensifier image 100mm 42mm gives a 2 4 1 image reduction this limit gets transformed back to 10 Ip mm on the image intensifier According to the above specifications we get an MTF of about 40 at this resolution This points out that the CCD is the limiting factor for the imager Further if we acquire images at 2x2 binning giving the CCD a pixel size of 40um the CCD resolution limit is 12 lp mm which corresponds to 5 Ip mm on the intensifier giving an MTF of about 75 The resolution limit of the intensifier is quoted in the VARO specs at 32 Ip mm which would give 80 lp mm resoiution at the CCD requiring pixels corresponding to a 1632x1632 10 2mm CCD The real resolution of the imager is worse than this however because these calculations assume that the pixels of the intensifier exactly overlap the pixels of the CCD In practice this never happens as light from on intensifier pixel fails into adjacent CCD pixels thus lowering the eftective MTF of the image 43 Figure 2 20 System Resolu on with Intensifier From examining the resolution image in Figure 2 20 one can by eye discern the four resolution lines down to about 200 Converting this to full reso
80. resolution Hi Res images we define four images that can be stored into the frame buffer memory As in Section 4 3 2 we define these four images as UL UR LL amp LR Upper Left Upper Right Lower Left and Lower Right Each of these images are 512x512 pixels There are four images in the Hi Res Quadrant which is 1024x1024 pixels wide This happens to correspond to the whole frame buffer Thus when using four Hi Res images there is no room for any more images on the AFG board For low resolution Lo Res images we define the same four images per Quadrant each with the dimensions 256x256 pixels Because each quadrant now has a dimension of 512x512 pixels note the same as a Hi Res Image there can be four Lo Res quadrants defined in the AFG frame buffer These four Quadrants are defined as Data Upper Left usually used to collect raw data images Back Upper Right usually used to collect background images Scratch Lower Left usually used for calculation images Display Lower Right usually used for display images In each of these quadrants there are the four Lo Res images defined above Within each of these images there are four depths that can be defined 8 bits 12 Bits 16 Bits OVL 4 Bits B12 B15 These depths are self expanatory The most common depths used in MIPCTL are 12 bits for operations on 12 bit images e g raw data and 16 bits for operations on transformed data e g stretched added etc The nom
81. terminating character Gets a number from the host outputs this to the Interface card and emits a terminating character Does no error checking to make sure this number is valid Reads the Interface status byte returns this to the host and emits the terminating character Reads the Interface status btye masks out the positic eror bit B3 returns this to the host and emits the termina 22 character Sets up the 68 ADC to read PEO the temperature channeis outputs these four temperature values to the host and emits the terminating character Each channei is read separately four umes and averaged The output is read as CCD TEC INT FILT Sets up the 68 11 ADC to read PE4 four times the intensifier brightness as measured by the photodiode takes an average and outputs this to the hosi and emits the terminating character 7 3 5 MIP Command Loop Words MIP_CMD MIP_CMD is set up as a command lookup table that executes a comrnand from a list based on an offset number on the stack i e 4 CMD would execute the fifth command word defined in the CASU statement MIP MIP is the actual command loop that is executed upon power up or reset This loop just waits for a command check the limits for a valid command and then converts this command into an offset for the command list MIP_CMD Once the command is executed MIP checks to see if the offset was 0 an exit loop command and if so exits t
82. that can be set either via the instrument s control panel or by computer control These gains are notated as 0 1 2 and 3 going from minimum gain to maximum gain A calibrated light source was used to adjust the intensifier gains by adjusting potentiometers VR5 VR7 on the KEO Interface board see Hardware manual The minimum and maximum gains are determined by the maximum dynamic range of the image intensifier and is typically in the neighborhood of 10 The results of the 8 27 93 gain calibration are Ga E Signal Noise Normalized Ratio min 0 10 3235 3235 1 0 07 1 10 sec 6593 6593 2 04 0 14 2 5 sec 6475 12950 4 00 0 28 3 2 5 sec 11698 46792 14 46 l We notice from this calibration that this particular intensifier tube has an unusually high gain range Tlis ratio can also be seen on the Photodiode calibration plots in Section 2 4 Since the low gain settings are used more often to reduce intensifier noise the first three gains were calibrated to be ratios of 2 2 5 7 Intensifier Dark Noise Similar to the CCD the intensifier has dark current mostly associated with the Trialkali Photocathode This dark current is temperature dependent as is displayed in Figure 2 27 d 2 1 uu U Uu u O49 30 442 22 Figure 2 27 Photocathode Dark Current 50 There is also image intensificr noise that appears as
83. the effective cooling power of the TEC The CCD was still cooled to it s maximum during these exposures and the CCD dark current was subtracted out to get only the contribution of the image intensifier photocathode 2 6 Filters Filter transmission curves were measured for the HAARP imager and are as follows Wavelength 2o Transmission Width 4282 61 5 21 9 4867 72 4 28 6 5300 68 7 24 7 5581 76 4 15 8 6304 77 3 15 6 7778 70 8 15 6 The Filter curves shown in Figures 2 30 through 2 35 A flat field for the filters was not measured for this calibration due to the difficulty of arraining an accurate measurement In order to measure this flat field we would need a uniform monochromatic light source Optically to get a telecentric uniform image projected on the filters we would need to build a setup shown in Figure 2 29 2F F Uniform Filter Monochromatic Light source V as V Figure 2 29 Optical Setup for flat fielding Filters 2 Transmission curve for 4282 Filter Figure 2 30 53 Figure 2 31 Transmission curve for 4867A Filter Figure 2 32 Transmission curve for 5300 Filter 55 Figure 2 33 Transmission curve for 5581 Filter Figure 2 34 Transmission curve tor 6304 Filter 57 Doce X od 1 I lis ine Date al Gs icq 2 PUE Cal
84. use out of this powerful system the interested user should become familiar with the following systems Computer System Suggested Reading _ DOS 5 0 MS DOS Reference Manual Windows 3 1 Windows 3 1 Reference Manual ITI Adv Frame Grabber ITI AFG Sofiware Hardware manual ITEX V2 2 2 Release Notes CameraSystem ss Suggested Reading _ HAARP Camera HAARP Hardware Reference Manual MaxFORTH MaxFORTH User Manual 68HC11 Motorola 68HC11 User Manual DSP56001 DSP56001 User s Manual 4 1 Overview The HAARP Imager can be thought of as composed of two separate components the camera and the image processing system The camera is controlled by the image processing system through a control prograrn called MIPCTL It is also possible to control the camera with any communications program if the communications protocol is set as follows 9600 Baud 8 Bits 1 Stop Bit No Parity The camera has an RS 422 serial port which is connected to a serial board in the computer to The printer port is set up COM2 Both these ports are labelled the back of the computer The image processing system is centered around hardware called the Advanced Frame Grabber AFG made by Imaging Technology This is a two board set with a daughter board that resides inside the IBM AT computer This board is controlled through the program MIPCTL and it can also be controlled manually through the ITEX Interpreter INTRP supplied with the board The cam
85. used The default values VGA Mixing Mode VGA Base and Key Color Blue re lt AA EAS LCN SES A e lt VGA Mixing Mode VGA Only IMG Base O IMG Only There are four VGA mixing modes VGA only gives ycu just the VGA display This could be useful if you wanted to work just in the Windows environment for a while say you were developins some new C source code to fix software bugs MIPCTL program would still be running but you would not see any of the frame buffer VGA Base 107 is the default mixing op on This sets the VGA as the base and anything in the VGA display that matches the selected key color becomes transparent like the blue windows created by MIPCTL to give port through to the images in the AFG frame buffer IMG Base is the opposite The image is the base and anything that is blue in the image will be transparent and show the VGA display This is not a very practical option but is included more for the sake of completeness Finally the MG Only option displays only the frame buffer display and could be useful in some cases This is terminated by clicking the mouse or by hitting a key Note that the display will wrap around when you do this as the pixels in a row over 512 will continue into the next pixel of the VGA display and so forth LUT The LUT menu item allows the user to set LUT s on the AFG Board LUT stands for Look Up Table and represents how a 12 bit pixel
86. value in the edit box Depth O 8 Bits O Whole AFG Q Selected 9 12 Hits Selected ROI 16 Bits a Overlay Clear to B The value will be clipped to whatever destination pixel depth you have selected You select areas The whole frame buffer a particular image or the presently defined Region of Interest for that image There are four depths amp Bits 12 Bits 16 Bits and the Overlay which is the inost significant 4 bits of the frame buffer An example of using this utility would be when you wanted to do some 16 bit arithmetic on a 12 bit image that had some graphics data in Before doing the anthmeuc you should clear the bits for that region to 0 so that the graphics pixel values do not affect the math Of course this would destroy the graphics in the irnage Another example of using this utility would be if you wanted to do some image arithmetic using a constant operand the current software version v5 3 2 does not support constant operand arithmetic Clear a destinaton image to the value desired for the constant operand say 100 and then use this as the destination image of your image arithmetic discussed in Section 5 3 5 If you were doing addition your math would become Clear Sourcel mage to 100 Dest Image Source2 Image Sourcel Image D S2 100 Clear Overlay The overlay window is a VGA window that overlays the AFC frame buffer image and is
87. value will be converted upon passing through the LUT The standard uses for an LUT are for the display as in the first 3 LUT s or for transforming an image on a pixel by pixel basis such as Stretch mapping all pixels in an image with values of say 1000 3000 to an image with values 0 4095 4 LUT 5 eic Qum Predefined LUT s For a detailed description of this it is recommenc that you read the Hardware Software Introductions for the AFG board as well Chapter 6 of the ITEX Software Manual In addition if more complicated LUT operations are needed they can be implemented using the ITEX LUT commands through ti interpreter program of the AFG INTRP 255 12 Bit Linear LUT 191 Ouput of OUPUT LUT 127 Red Blue amp Green LUTs 63 l 0 1023 2047 3091 4095 Bank 0 Bank 3 benk 7 Bank 11 Bank 15 Input to OUTPUT LUT Figure 5 1 12 Bit Linear Grey Scale Ouptu LUT 12 BitP lor eee en 191 Red Ouput Green of OUPUT 127 LUT Red Biue amp Green LUTs 63 N 0 1023 2047 3091 4095 Bank 0 2 7 Dank 11 15 Input to OUTPUT LUT Figure 5 2 12 Bit Psuedo Color Output LUT You can just click on the preset LUT s given to you in this menu item to see how different LUT s affect the image The first three LUT s affect the way the whole frame buffer is displayed the OUTPUT LUT There are three default LUT s defined in the HAARP syste
88. want to save these changes These tables can be created opened modified and saved from within the Acquisition window by using commands in the File menu shown below New Creates a new empty table The first default aq event can be added using the currently selected parameters by either modifying the parameters or by typing the Insert key The new table s ntle is listed as New Table and once it has been modified will be displayed as New Table gt Open uses the standard Windows API to open an already exisung aq table The dialog box will display all files with extension AQT in the currently defined Acquisition Table directory Save allows you to save the currently active acquisition table If the name is already defined the acquisition table is saved and the title is refreshed to reflect it s state If the table is a New Table the Save As dialog function wil be executed Save As prompts you for a name of a new acquisition table and saves it in the currently selected directory The new name is refreshed into the aq window tide Exit is the standard Windows API couunand to close the acquisition window This can also be done by double clicking on the close box in the upper left hand corner of tne window Exiting the Acquisition window saves the current acquisition table if necessary and updates the information in KEOCDD INI to reflect any changes Acquisition Table Format The acquisition table is store
89. with restoring the system on power up or reset and defining the auto start sequence This is critical code and should not be modified IT SHOULD ALWAYS BE THE LAST THING LOADED INTO RAM If any modifications were made to the EEPROM i e by using the STORE command you must also do a MSTART to update the autostart address in EEPROM MIP10 FOR contains all the FORTH words necessary for the host to control all and CCD functions Upon power up the processor is in a loop and only accept the finite commands we allow However at any time the host can either restart the processor COLD boot or exit the MIP loop to the FORTH kernel mode Ai this point any command from the dictionary can be used New words can be defined and executed as in any FORTH system Again these will not be remembered unless you STORE the dictionary in the EEPROM 185 7 3 1 MIF Vanables IN_BUFF afivecharacter input buffer could increase the size if necessary IOCTL a Constant representing the address of the KEO Interface GAL MIPSTS variable holding the last byte read from the KEO Interface CCA MIPCTL variable holding the last byte written to the KEO Interface CCA ERRLVL variable holding the error level for error reporting ERRSTS variable holding a status word for the current errors NUM CMD a Constant storing the number of MIP commands defined if you add commands you need to change this accordingly MSTART Constan
90. 0 CCD Head Internal Cabling for HAARP INTERNAL CABLE CCD Head Wire Gage internal CCA s Color J3 Analog CCA J2 Oriver CCA e DGND 143 41 YELLOW ORANGE 28 AWG J1 3 DATO2 _ 155 37 BLACK BLUE 28 AWG 1 3 38 BLUE BLACK 128 AWG J1 5 DATO3 J3 36 ORANGE BLACK 28 AWG DGND J3 39 28 AWG 11 7 13 34 RED BROWN 28 AWG J3 35 BROWN RED 28 AWG J3 3 WHITE GREY 28 AWG 24 AWG GREEN BLACK 28 AWG IBLACK GREEN 128 AWG RED ORANGE D J1 14 DA107 43 28 41 15 DGND 41 16 113 25 OGND 1J3 26 ELUE PURPLE DATOS J3 24 M AWG J1 19 1415 27 BLUE RED 28 AWG J1 20 DAT10 1 3 22 BLACK GREY 28 AWG 41 21 _ 13 23 IGREY BLACK J1 22 DATI 13 79 BLUE WHITE J1 23 DGND 1 3 20 WHITE BLUE 21 24 112 13 18 BLACK BROWN 28 AWG 41 25 l DGND 1J3 21 IBROWN BLACK 28 AWG J1 26 DCR 1J3 16 BROWN PURPLE 28 AWG J1 27 GAINSEL2 103 17 PURPLE BROWN 28 AWG J1 28 ADS J3 42 IPURPLE GREEN 28 AWG J1 29 _ AINSEL2 J3 15 GREEN PURPLE 28 AWG J1 30 TEC J3 1 73 4 IBROWN YELLOW 28 AWG J1 31 TEC 1J3 2 J3 5 BLUE PURPLE 28 AWG CCDRTD 93 11 IBROWNANHITE 24 AWG CCDRTD J3 14 iWHITE BROWN TECRTD 1J3 8 IYELLOW GRAY J3 12 IGRAY YELLOW 43 9 iGREY PURPLE 15V J3 3 15 1 3 7 PURPLE AGND J3 10 GR
91. 00 AND IF HERE 1 SWAP DUP ABS FF00 AND IF 3 ERROR THEN THEN CPU BUILDS C DOES C C EXT SINGLE BYTE OP CODE PG 2 CPU BUILDS C DOES 18 C C EXT 18 AND SINGLE BYTE OP CODE HHLL LL EXT IF ELSE C THEN EXT 2HHLL LL EXT OR IF ELSE C THEN EXT MODE ADJ EXT IF OVER FF00 AND 0 1 DIR THEN THEN MODE LSB OR 18 Y 2 Y 18 THEN SOK 8 IF 3 ERROR THEN 1112 BUILDS C DOES 18 Y C MODE ADJ HHLL LL 202 0112 CPU BUILDS C gt 18 SOK MODE ADJ HHLULL 2112 CPU BUILDS C DOES 18 Y CO MODE ADJ 2HHLL LL OP DD MM 18 Y MODE LSB IF C OR THEN C C OP RR lt BUILDS C DOES gt C C RANGE C EXT OP DD MM lt BUILDS C DOES gt C OP DD MM EXT OP DD MM RR lt BUILDS C DOES gt C OP DD MM RANGE C EXT CPX Y IF CD C THEN 8C MODE ADJ 2HHLL LL LDX Y IF CD C THEN CE MODE ADJ 2HHLL LL STX 5 Y IF CD C THEN SOK CF MODE ADJ HHLL LL CPY X IF 1A ELSE 18 THEN C CC MODE ADJ 2HHLL LL LDY 2 X IF 1A ELSE 18 THEN C CE MODE ADJ 2HHLL LL STY 2 X IF 1A ELSE 18 THEN C SOK CF MODE ADJ HHLL LL 5 Y IF CD C ELSE 1A C THEN 83 MODE ADJ 2HHLL LL 00 CPU TEST 01 CPU NOP 02 CPU IDIV 03 CPU FDIV 04 CPU LSRD 05 CPU ASLD 05 CPU LSLD 06 CPU TAP 07 CPU TPA 08 CPU INX 09 CPU DEX CPU CLV CPU SEV CPU
92. 04 Jul 92 09 15 34 is represented as a 4 byte number 76132456 and this value can 125 be used as the Unix time value These deliminated values can be extracted by the user for plotting labels calculations or whatever For example an Excel MACRO could be written to extract the temperature values convert them to Centrigrade and display them in a chart window Following the image information the data occurs sequentially The first parameter is the data index or X axis value and the second parameter is the intensity data or Y axis value In Excel these values will automatically appear in individi 1 cells and thus can be immediately used for charting and calculations Printing a plot Using the Print menu command in the plot window will bring up the printing dialog box of the currently installed printer A bitmap image of the piot will be scaled to the current page size of the printer and optionally rotated if the printer driver supports this feature and sent to the printer via Window s Print Manager Copying a plot to the Clipboard Using the Copy menu command in the plot window will send an image of the plot to the clipboard This is then a stendard Windows bitmap and can be pasted into any standard Windows application such as Word for Windows Paintbrush etc This is very useful for writing reports and saving images of plots 5 3 7 MIPCTL Image Acquisition The next menu item in the MIPCTL application is the Acquisition men
93. 1 1 2 of the lens to the principai plane of the two lens combination B in Figure 1 2 Thus the principal rays of all image forming cones are refracted parallel to the principal axis of the lens This is the so called telecentric configuration This allows the use of narrow band interference filters with a maximum ray angle through the filter determined by the F number of the lens e g 7 19 for F4 0 Note that the image size is slightly smaller than that formed by the primary lens itself 1 5 Variable Field of View Different primary lenses are used to achieve a range of fields of view but in each case appropriate telecentic elements and spacings must be selected see Figure 1 3 For the HAARP instrument all primary lenses are in the same commercial series Pentax 6x7 format and these are mounted onto telecentric lens housings with the appropriate plano convex elements and spacings These combined primary lens telecentric lens assemblies are then interchangeable in that they all give the same image size and same telecentric cone angle so that the following optics is the same for all 1 6 Accuracy of Telecentricity The telecentricity achieved is not perfect but varies across the image Figure 1 4 shows the deviation from perfect telecentricity for the fisheyc lens of Figure 1 1 with various combinations of two plano convex telecentric elements The z ro crossover point can be set anywhere and is normally chosen to be at about 0 75
94. 1 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1011 1111 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1110 1111 1111 1011 1111 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 253 1111 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 x f 5 Position Filter Wheel Address 1 25 4 6 103 111 116 118 126 136 143 149 158 164 170 175 177 185 195 202 208 217 223 228 230 236 HAARP 8 19 93 KEO Consultants CY545 EEPROM Program Rev 3 2 Half Stepping Mode Command RV O 42H cr Comment AutoStart Code Operating Mode 1200 Baud lt gt lt gt PROGRAM 08 19 93 lt gt lt gt REV 3 2 LANCE cr lt gt B 4 ci F 360 cr R 230 cr S 245 cr H 0 lt cr gt F 19 cr 4 lt gt N cr IM T 01H 093 cr 2 170 cr Cr lf lt Cl gt 3 149 lt cr gt N 1600 r l 1610 lt cr gt J 223 lt cr gt 800 lt gt lt gt 810 cr J 223 cr lt Clo lt if gt lt Cf gt T 3 208 cr N 1600 cr lt gt 1590 lt cr gt J 223 cr 800 lt gt lt gt 790 cr B 4 cr G lt cr gt F 360 lt cr gt J 75 lt cr gt Turn USRB4 Off Enable Motor First 360 f
95. 1405010 ATIEIRI o 1 0 3 9 1 9 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 z 0 1 3125 1 etAart4vo eta 94 58108 0332312 mvo csaowaev gt uss 7 4042 4402 14 BO 834 lobes 251 DEVICE KEO IO pal22v10 PIN 815 1 INPUT combinatorial 14 2 INPUT combinatorial a13 3 INPUT combinatorial a12 4 INPUT combinatorial all 5 INPUT combinatorial 10 6 INPUT combinatorial a09 7 INPUT combinatorial a08 8 INPUT combiratorial 9 INPUT combinatorial oe 10 INPUT combinatorial temp_oe 17 10 combinatorial active_low in 18 IO combinatorial active_low tmpl_strobe 19 IO combinatorial active low tmp2_strobe 20 IO combinatorial active_low out strobe 21 IO combinatorial active iow in 22 IO combinatorial active high 23 IO combinatorial active_low BEGIN Enable all final outputs ENAB in oe ENABLZ in ENABLE out clk ENABLE out strobe This PAL is used to generate clock signals for a pair of I O latches on the KEO interface card and is designed as per KEO s spec The address of the latches is B4xx in is rising edge that latches data into the input latch clk 15 14 13 12 all 10 a09 a08 temp oe is the an internal o
96. 2 2 1 3 CCD Flatfield A flat field image was acquired on the 516 to check for non uniformity in CCD s performance The following setup was used CCD Head T 2 1 Lght Source 2 Aperture w no Lens 123 3 Shutter Figure 2 5 shows a 1 second exposure taken with this setup The first image is the flat field looking at the full dynamic range of the CCD The second image expands the detail to look at the CCD variauons in more detail Full Dynamic Range Biack 0 White 4095 Figure 2 5 CCD Flat Field Images There are dust shadows on this image that result from very smal particles of dust on the window These shadows do not appear on the resultant image with a lens as the window is not in an image plane Figure 2 6 shows plot through the image of column 26 1796 Num Points 511 Pixel Value 1393 261 0 Pixcl 261 512 Figure 2 6 Colurnn Plot from Flat Field Image From the plot in Figure 2 6 and the expanded flat field we can see that there certain patterns that are intrinsic to the CCD that appear when looking at the flat field in great detail Notice the periodic horizontal line pattern that can be seen 2 1 4 CCD Resolution A resolution chart was projected onto the CCD using the 42mm Rodenstock relay lens and the back shutter of the instrument for exposure control The iris of the back shutter was closed to about 1 4 aperture Since t
97. 2 back decisecond LGSH Opens and closcs shutters sequentially and logs results of these util es are called with the cycle time in deciseconds on the stack The first two utilities test both shutters terminating if an error occurs Testing the shutters both simultaneously and sequentially test the robustness of the shutter power supply and the shutters reliability under both conditions TS1 TS2 are used to test an individual shutter for possible problems and terminate if an error occurs LGSH is used to test both shutters for long term reliability reporting the results of a long test upon termination of the test by hitting any key A few examples follow 30 TEST BT ERROR OPENING SH2 PROGRAM TERMINATED AFTER 3 ITERATIONS OK 30 TS1 ERROR OPENING 9 1 PROGRAM TERMINATED AFTER 5 ITERATIONS OK 30 LGSH ITER 1 ERR1 ERR2 0 ITER 2 ERR1 O ERR2 O 3 ERR1 O ERR2 0 ITER 4 ERR1 0 ERR2 0 ITER 5 ERR1 0 ERR2 0 ITER 6 ERR1 0 ERR2 0 ITER 7 ERR1 O ERR2 1 ITER 8 ERR1 0 ERR2 1 ITER 9 1 1 ERRZ 1 ITER 10 ERR1 2 ERR2 1 ITER 11 ERR1 2 ERR2 1 ITER 12 ERR1 2 ERR2 1 ITER 13 ERR1 2 ERR2 1 ITER 14 ERR1 2 ERR2 1 PROGRAM TERMINATED AFTER 14 ITERATIONS SH1 ERRORS 2 SH2 ERRORS 1 OK In the above examples errors were forced by setting the shuttezs OPEN or CLOSED manually via the camera s control panel The file TESTADCA FOR contains utilities for testing the camera s Analog to Digi
98. 26 0C 109 4 8 84 1 2 19 0 1 6 These results show quite a bit of drif ng in the BIAS levels until they seem to settle down to a finai value with time This is probably due to the temperature inside the CCD Electronics head where these voltages are set The fact that the BIAS level is slightly different for each session points to three things i BIAS levels should be watched closely and recorded intermittently during data acquisition sessions ii If possible the instrument should be given time to stabilize 20 minutes before data acquisition starts iii The overall trend of BIAS levels migrating down from 40 11 92 to 13 8 93 is cause tor some concern and should be watched closely It the BIAS levels keep decreasing from these levels approaching 0 the camera should be returned to Advanced Technoiogies for a new calibration 27 2 1 6 CC Dark Noise The 516 CCD is powered in Multi Pin Phased MPP mode which decreases the dark count by about a factor of 30 This is achieved by using a boron implant in the CCD wells Figure 2 10 shows a dark integration image with a CCD temperature of 25 C hich is a normal operating temperature of the RAARJ imager Notice the characterictic pattern of dark noise ir tegration intrinsic to the CCD CCD Temp 25 0C Exposure 4 minutes HI Gain 25e ADU 1 1 Binning Scale Black 80 ADU White 225 ADU Figure 2 10 Dark Noise Integration Temperature Depend
99. 5 ALLOT IN_BUFF 5 ERASE 5 IN_BUFF C Create the word to receive ASCII numbers GETNUM IN BUFF 1 A ERASE Erase input buffer 40 DO KEY DUP Get input character 13 IF DROP LEAVE Check to see if CR THEN IN BUFF 1 1 C LOOP Store the character 199 0 1 IN_BUFF CONVERT DROP DROP HEX B400 CONSTANT IOCTL DECIMAL VARIABLE MIPSTS VARIABLE MIPCTL VARIABLE ERRLVL VARIABLE ERRSTS MIP Uuliues for KEO Software Control TERM EMIT 35 EMIT CASE CGAIN LO GAIN MID GAIN HI GAIN CTL DUP MIPCTL C IOCTL C Convert to num 1 0 CONTROL REGISTER LOCATION LAST READ MIP STATUS LAST WRITTEN MIP COMMAND ERROR LEVEL ERROR STATUS WORD Emit 8 to terminal Select CCD Gain WRITES A BYTE TO THE IO CONT2OL REGITER 1 CTL INITIALIZE TO IRST FILTER INT OFF WITH 0 GAIN CTL READS A BYTE FROM THE IO CONTROL REGISTER IOCTL C DUP MIPSTS C ERR ERRSTS 2 ERRSTS OR S IN THE PRESENT ERROR BIT ERRCHK CHECKS ERROR LEVEL AND REPORTS AND LEAVES CONTINUE FLAG DEPENDING ON THE ERROR REPORTING LEVEL 0 IGNORE ALL ERRORS 1 REPORT ALL ERRORS BUT DON T ABORT OPERATION 2 REPORT ALL ERRORS AND ABORT OPERATION ERRCHK condition lt gt ERRCHK continue flag SWAP IF ERRLVL 2 IF ERR 0 ELSE ERRLVL IF ERR ELSE DROP THEN 1 THEN ELSE DROP 1 THEN 200 HEX
100. 5V and are always present to the analog digital converter ADC inputs of the 68HC11 A detailed description of the temperature amplifiers will follow The analog section also supplies 2 constant current source OP37 for the four RTD s nsors The sensors are connected in series and hence break in the circuit will result in none of the RTD s working There are three jumpers on both the Interface board and the control panel CCA to bypass selectea RTD s and isolate different circuits The analog section also creates two reference voltages to scale the temperature voltages The digital section of the board consists mainly of controls for the filter wheel and the image intensifier There is an address decoding generic array logic device GAL U15 which interfaces the board to the 68HC11 The image intensifier circuit selects from either computer control or manual control one of four 50K variable resistors VR5 VR7 used by the image intensifier to set the HV gain of the tube The filter wheel control consists of an embedded stepper motor contwoller chip U8 which contains an EEPROM U17 with the control program There are interface electronics which select 3 bit commands either from the 68HC11 or manually from the control panel to select the filter wheel position An EPROM U7 constantly monitors the state of both this command input and the filter wheel position and when there is a difference issues the appropriate movement c
101. 6 2 5 In the dark noise integration one can notice the intrinsic pattern of dark noise buildup for these CCDs Upon taking images with the HAARP Imager and comparing them to the MIP and ASIPII imagers it was noticed that the HAARP CCD images were flipped and rotated 90 degrees CW as Figure 2 1 shows Bttm 511 511 511 510 MIP image is flipped HAARP image is flipped around horizontal axis around horizontal axis and rotated 90 CW Figure 2 1 CCD Onentations 9 23 92 2 1 2 Advanced Technologies RMA 11 17 92 The HAARP CCD Head Electronics was returned to Advanced Technologies to fix the above problems The CCD was rotated 90 degrees inside the vacuum chamber and the biases were lowcred to increase the dynamic range of the ADC Figure 2 4 contains the calibration images from this RMA CAMERA PERFORMANCE TESTS Open Loop Temperature Regulated Temperature C Dark Current Mode at C at gain factor Bias Mean Level 20 _ ADU at x gain factor Well Capacit at A D Converter Limit _2 O_ ke at X 2 gain factor Reduced Ful Well Capacity in MPP Mode 200_ ke at X2 gain factor GAIN NOISE MEASUREMENTS HZ 60 tem A D Conversion Pactor Measured at 1X Gain 852 e ADU Noise S at 2X Gain Y 9 5 Note FO e Verified at 4X 24 4 Noise 2 c FINAL VACUU Z1 TESTS Final Pump and Bake Cycle Performed 4 Hours
102. 9 Relay lens considerations 1 12 Shutters There are two shutters in the instrument one in front of the intensifier lens and the other between the two relay lenses This allows independent determination of intensifier and noise characteristics In addition there is a light sensor built into the input side of the relay lens shutter This allows pre monitoring of the output of the image intensifier this information can be used to adjust exposure time or high voltage setting of the intensifier so as to keep the image well placed within the dynamic range of the CCD detector and to determine if the image intensifier is near its AGC automatic gain control mode 1 13 High Light Protection Light Sensor A sensor is built into the front of the filter wheel to measure the ambient light level If this higher than a preset limit the iniage intensifier will not be allowed to tum cn 17 Inst t Perf i Calibrati 2 1 Advanced Technologies CCD Head 2 1 1 Advanced Technologies Delivered Specifications Figure 2 2 contains the original performance specifications as set by Advanced Technologies 6 24 92 There were six images supplied with the camera that are useful for reference Figure 2 3 Low level resolution image Hi level resolution image Dark Noise image Lo Gain Bias Mid Gain Bias Hi Gain Bias It was noticed that the Bias set ngs were unnecessarily high and were limiting the dynamic range of the instrument 100 409
103. A UL16 to DA UR16 remapping the values 1000 gt 2024 to 0 gt 4095 thus increasing the contrast of the image Pansc allows the user to let the event wait for a certain amount of time This is useful for tuning purposes and to coordinate inner loops within the acquisition cycle The dialog box looks like This dialog box tells the event to wait two seconds and then start acting on the next event in the aq list The event string would look like 8 Pause 2 0 secs Loop allows the user to loop back within the ag list a certain number of times This allows multiple loops within the acquisition cycle which gives the user the ability to write long complicated acquisition cycles The dialog box is very straight foward The Loop back feature will only allow you to loop back to the first entry The entry string will represent this as 9 LOOP back 5 entries 16 times The Run menu The Run menu allows the user to actually execute an acquisition cycle or an individual event in that cycle 135 Table Entry starts the execution of the whole acquisition table or the presently selected acquisition entry When either of these menu items is selected the acquisition setup window is hidden and a new Run window is opened in the upper right hand corner of the screen I 5 41 user now select whether to run through the table entry whether to run gt continuously by
104. ADDRESS 6104 RESTORE HEX RETRIEVING THE DICTIONARY CR 6104 START ADDR OF DICTONARY IN EEPROM 200 START ADDR OF DICTIONARY IN RAM 6100 6102 GET END AND START OF RAM DICT SUBTRACT TO GET DICTIONARY LENGTH CMOVE MOVE DICTIONARY RETRIEVING FORTI USER AREA 6100 GET THERAM DICTEND ADDRESS 6102 GET THE RAM DICT START ADDRESS NOW WE VE GOT THE DICT LENGTH 6104 ADD EEDICT OFFSET TO GET ADDR OF USER AREA IN EEPROM 6 84 CMOVE MOVE USER AREA RETRIEVE STATE COMPLETE CR HEX DICT CHK END START CR DOIDUP CQ SWAP EEDICT START DICT START C IF ELSE IDUP SPCQ SP IEEDICT START DICT START DUP SP C SP 999999 THEN ERROR MSG 100 0 DO LOOP LOOP PLEASE DOWNLOAD THE FILE KEODSP RAM ADDR VAL ROM ADDR VAL 84 KEOdsp7 JA Advanced Technologies Code KEODSP FOR FORTH WORDS FOR DEALING WITH THE DSP ON THE KEO CAMERA CONTROLLER REVISION 1 3 23 91 BROKE THIS CODE OUT OF KEOG FOR FORGET FALSE 0 CONSTANT FALSE 1 CONSTANT TRUE B000 CONSTANT PORTA B002 CONSTANT PIOC B004 CONSTANT PORTB B003 CONSTANT PORTC B005 CONSTANT PORTCL B007 CONSTANT DDRC B008 CONSTANT PORTD B009 CONSTANT DDRD B00A CONSTANT PORTE B00B CONSTANT CFORC B00C CONSTANT OCIM BOOD CONSTANT OCID BOOE CONSTANT TCNT B010 CONSTANT TIC B012 CONSTANT TIC2 B014 CONSTANT TIC3 B016 CONSTANT TOC B018 CONSTANT TOC2
105. C 2A CONSTANT 2B CONSTANT 2C CONSTANT LT 2D CONSTANT GE 2E CONSTANT LE 2F CONSTANT GT CFA FE43 FE22 CONSTANT PUSHD CFA FE47 FE22 CONSTANT NEXTSD CFA FE47 FE22 CONSTANT PUT CFA FE4A FE22 CONSTANT NEXT CFA FE4C FE22 CONSTANT NEXT3 CFA FESO FE22 CONSTANT NEXTI CFA 52 FE22 CONSTANT NEXT2 1 FC97 FC7C CONSTANT POP 1 CFA FC93 FC7C CONSTANT POPTWO 0 CONSTANT W 2 CONSTANT IP 4 CONSTANT UP FORTH DEFINITIONS ASSEMBLER DEFINITIONS POPD TOP LDD INY INY PUTD DEY DEY TOP STD FORTH DEFINITIONS PLEASE DOWNLOAD KEOROM FILE 8 3 KEOrom7 KEOROM FOR Advanced Technologies Code FORTH WORDS FOR DEALING WITH THE EEPROM ON THE KEO CONTROL REVISION 1 3 23 91 BROKE THIS CODE OUT OF KEO6 FOR FORGET SP SP 20EMIT THESE WORDS DEAL WITH THE OFF CHIP EEPROM WHERE WE STORE THE DEFAULT SYSTEM DICTIONARY HEX AND EEUNPROT ARE USED TO WRITE PROTECT THE EEPROM THERE ARE SOME FUNNY NUMBERS IN HERE WHICH ARE HARD CODED AND ASSUME THAT THE EEPROM STARTS 6000 WHICH IT DOES RIGHT AT THE MOMENT THE ADDRESSES WE WANT TO WRITE TO FROM THE CHIPS POINT OF VIEW ARE 5555 AND S2AAA THESE ADDRESSES ARE NOT AVAILABLE FOR OUR EEPROM BUT THE BOTTOM 14 BITS MUST BE REPRESENTING THESE ADDRESSES SO WE WILL SET THE TOP BIT WHICH THE EEPROM DOES NOT EVEN SEE AND WRITE
106. CQ 5 ADCTL C SET CONTINUOUS CONVERSIONS SET NOSCAN ADCTL 5 ADCTLC SET SINGLE CONVERSION CYCLE SET SINGLE ADCTL CQ F 4 ADCTL C SETS SINGLE CHANNEL MODE SET CHO0 SET SINGLE ADCTL CQ F 0 F 1 F 2 F 3 ADCTL C SET CHI SET SINGLE ADCTL T 0 1 F 2 3 ADCTL C SET SINGLE ADCTL CQ F 0 T 1 F 2 F 3 ADCTL C SET CH3 SET SINGLE ADCTL CQ 0 T 1 F 2 F 3 ADCTL C SET CH4 SET SINGLE ADCTL F 0 F 1 2 F 3 ADCTL C 5 SET SINGLE ADCTL CQ 0 F 1 T 2 F 3 ADCTL C SET CH6 SET SINGLE ADCTL CQ 0 T 1 2 F 3 ADCTL C SET CH7 SET SINGLE ADCTL CQ 0 T 1 2 F 3 ADCTL C SEf MULT ADCTL T 4 ADCTL C PUTS ADC IN MULTIPLEXED INPUT MODE gt 1 SET MULT ADCTL CQ 3 F 2 ADCTL C USE INPUT GROUPI CHO 3 SET GRP2 SET MULT ADCTL CQ T 3 F 2 ADCTL C USE INPUT GROUP2 CH4 7 ADC DONE ADCTL C 2 MASK 7 TRUE IF A CONVERSION SEQUENCE I COMPLETE FETCH THE RESULTS OF THE CONVERSION ADRIG BEGIN ADC DONE UNTIL ADRI CQ FETCH 1 ADR2 BEGIN ADC DONE UNTIL ADR2 FETCH 42 ADR3 BEGIN ADC DONE UNTIL ADR3 FETCH43 ADR4 BEGIN ADC DONE UNTIL ADR4 CQ FETCH 4 4ADC BEGIN ADC DONE UNTIL C ADR2 C ADR3 C ADR4 C FETCH THEM ALL ADTEST2 SET SCAN 100 00 DO SET CHO ADRI CR LOOP PLEASE DOWNLOAD KEOTIM FILE 8 6 KEOtim7 Advanced Technologies Code KEOTIM FORTH DEFNIITIONS
107. E PI HI P2 HI P3 HI OR TG HI OR CONSTANT PAR IDLE SPR VALUES ARE PRELIMINARY STATES FOR SERIAL PRESCAN PIXELS SCK HI SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK_LO OR DCR_LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPRO SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR LO OR DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPRI SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPR2 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN 1 0 OR DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPR3 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR LO OR DCR HI OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPR4 SCK LO SW HI OR PIX LO OR LEN OR FEN LO OR LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPRS SCK LO SW LO PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN_LO OR DCK LO OR DCR_LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SCK_LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK HI OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPR SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR LO DCK_LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPR8 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX HI OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR LO OR LO OR ADS HI OR CONSTANT SPR9 SRD VALUES ARE INT STATES FOR SERIAL READ PIXELS HI SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN LO OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS_LO OR CONSTANT SRDO SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN LO OR FEN LO OR LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SRDI SCK LO SW LOOR PIX LO OR LEN LO OR FEN LO OR LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SRD2 LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR
108. EEN 24 AWG dud _ _ IBROWN 24 AWG 24 AWG 1 21 BLACK GRAY Es AWG _ J2 2 GRAY BLACK 28 4WG J SCLK1 J2 3 IGRAV YELLOW 28 AWG J2 4 IYELLOW GRAY SCLKi KEO Consultants Heaa Internal Cabling for HAARP PCLK1 J2 12 PCLK3 92 18 PCLK3 192 14 _ 7215 2 RED GRAY TGATE 6 _ GRAV RED 128 AWC PCLK2 12 17 GREENYELLOW 128 AWG PCLK2 J2 18 YELLOW GREEN 28 DGND 2 24 GFEEN _ 5V _ 1402 23 15 2 20 IYELLOW 2 I 15 142 22 BLUE 24 AWG AGND 42 21 IBROWN 24 AWG KEO Consultants 302 HAARP Shutter Connector Diagram P1 Power Conn I Shutter 4 Red Shutter Pin 1 Black Switch Pin2 Green Switch Pin 3 Yellow Looking at Socket Shutter Coil LEMO FGG 1B 0 9 i FX P2 PhotoDiode Amplifier Back Shutter Only PhotoDiode Pin 4 Red n Analog Gnd Pin 1 Black 15V Pin 3 Yellow 15V Pin 2 Green SA Looking at Socket LEMO FHG 0B 0 5 1 PhotoDiode VACTEC VTB 94138 Ground VOIGWSE ti BLI AQ 56 9 paepdn sitglinsuo9 033 e o o P 00 pi90gJgeu10oN gt 9 h JaMOd 931 oae OMYBI SINA 21 80010ug 9 6 5 use poa SIUM
109. ERVAL 28 AVERAGE 24 AVERAGE 26 AVERAGE 25 AVERAGE 26 OK The AUTO AV utility is used to check for and optimize the averaging period for reading the photodiode voltage A reminder for the ADC channels CHO CCD Temperature CHI TEC Temperature CH2 Intensifier Temperature CH3 Filter Wheel Temperature CH4 Photodiode Temperature 8 8 5 Compress Utility and LINKLST FOR COMPRESS EXE is a DOS application that can be run on any FORTH text file This code was developed by Advanced Technologies and suips the text file of any unnecessary characters thereby speeding up the downloading ume A compressed version of the file is created MIP10 FOR gt MIP10 CMP Downloading will create exactly the same code as MIP10 FOR LINKLST FOR was a FORTH development idea to create separate links in the FORTH dictionary that made it impossible for the user to use any FORTH words except those defined after the Link was broken The link could later be restored This utility was developed with the thought of having two different environments available to the user depending on their FORTH skill level was later decided not to use this approach but the code has been left on the HAARP machine for the interested FORTHIE Chapter9 KEO Hardware Schematics Imager Hardware Block Diagram Interface Board Layour Interface Board Schematic Interface GAL Timing Schematic Interface GAL Program CY545 EEPROM Rev 3 2 Fil
110. IT 80555 AND SAAAA CODE SUB EEPROT CEC 55 C 86C AAC A7C 00C CEC AAC AAC 86C 556 7 00C D5C 55 86 7 00C 39 END CODE CODE SUB EEUNPROT CEC DSC 55C 86 ATC 00 LDX SD555 ISTEPROM ADDRESS LDAA SAA STAA 0 ISTDATAPATTERN SEND 5555 LDX SAAAA 2ND EPROM ADDRESS LDAA 4555 STAA 0 LDX SD555 2ND DATA PATTERN SEND 55 2 3RD EPROM ADDRESS LDAA 540 3RD DATA PATTERN STAA 0 SEND 5555 RTS RETURN LDX 450555 15 ADDRESS LDAA 4SAA ISTDATAPATIERN STAA SENDANAA 0555 LDX ISAAAA 2ND EPROM ADDRESS 86C 55 C LDAA 55 2NDDATAPATTERN 00C STAA 0X SENDASSTOSAAAA CEC 05 55 C LDX SD555 3RDEPROM ADDRESS 86C 80 LDAA 880 3RDDATAPATTERN A7C 00C STAA OX SENDANS80TO DSSS CEC DSC 55 LDX SD555 4THEPROM ADDRESS 86C AAC LDAA 4THDATAPATTERN A7C 00 STAA 0X SENDANAA 0555 CEC AAC AAC LDX SAAAA STHEPROM ADDRESS 86C 55 LDAA 555 STHDATAPATTERN A7C 00C STAA 0X SENDASSTOS AAAA CEC DSC 55 C LDX 50555 GTHEPROM ADDRESS 86C 20C LDAA 520 6 00 STAA SEND A 20 TO 0555 39 C RTS RETURN END CODE EPROM REPRESENTS WHERE IN EEPROM WE WANT TO START S
111. L 10 CONTROL REGISTER LOCATION CTL B WRITES A BYTE TO THE IO CONTROL REGISTER DUP RAMCTL C IOCIL C INITIO TOZERO IS THIS OK WRITING TO BITS 0 1 AND 2 SET THE FILTER WHEEL POSTION FW SET DESTRED POSTION ERROR FLAG 0 OK OTHER ERROR 07 AND MASK OFF OTHER BITS RAMCTL OR 5 IN OTHER BITS WE ALREADY SET DUP CTL STORE IT 1 SWAIT WAIT FOR IT TO SWITCH RAMCTL C CHECK IT HEX LATCH D800C OPEN FFLATCH CLOSE OOLATCH WORDS TO SET THE INTENSIFIER GAIN HEX INT GAIN SET DESIRED GAIN ERROR FLAG 0 OK OTHER ERROR 18 AND RAMCTL C OR DUP CTL 1 SWAIT IOCTL CQ NOT 10 CONSTANT LOGAIN 00 CONSTANT MIDGAIN 08 CONSTANT HIGAIN LO GAIN LOGAIN PORTA C MID GAIN MIDGAIN PORTA C HI GAIN HIGAIN PORTA C TEST EN ENABLE TEST DATA THROUGH INTERFACE BOARD CQ T 7 PACTL C PORTA CQ T 7 PORTA C CAM EN ENABLE CAMERA DATA THROUGH INTERFACE BOARD PACTL CQ T 7 C PORTA CQ F 7 PORTA C SHADE GENERATE A TEST PATTERN TEST EN DSP WAIT CMD TEST CVR DSP WAIT READ READOUT THECCD CAM EN DSP WAIT CMD READ CVR DSP WAIT CLEAR CLEAR THE CCD ONCE DSP WAIT CMD CLEAR CVR DSP WAIT BIAS READ OUT A BIAS FRAME CLOSE CLEAR CLEAR CLEAR READ WORDS TO PERFORM DARK FRAME ACQUISITION 233 MDARK W W MILLISECOND DARK CLOSE CLEAR MWAIT READ
112. LEN LO OR FEN LO OR DCK LO DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SRD3 LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN LO OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR DCR HI OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SRD4 SCK LO SW HI OR PIX LO OR LEN LO OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR LO OR ADS OR CONSTANT SRDS SCK LO SW LO PIX LO OR LEN LO OR FEN LO OR LO OK LO OR ADS LOOR CONSTANT SRD6 227 SCK_LO SW_LO OR PIX_LO OR LEN_LO OR FEN_LO OR DCK_HI OR DCR_LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SRD7 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX HI OR LEN LO OR FEN LO OR DCK LO DCR_LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SRD8 SCK_LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN LO OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS HI OR CONSTANT SRD9 SPST VALUES ARE INT STATES POR THE SERIAL POSTSCAN PIXELS SCK HI SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPSTO SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT 5 1 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPST2 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPST3 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPS14 SCK LO SW HI OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPSTS SCK_LO SW LOOR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR LO OK DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPST6 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK HI OR DCR_LO OR ADS LO OR CON
113. LUT 2 AFG coordinates LUT will be created if none 6 4 Files and Directory Structure for Program Development This sections describes all the files needed as of v5 3 2 for program development of the MIPCTL application and associated DLL s The directory structure is flexible and can be changed but care must be taken to make sure that paths are changed in the source code to reflect these changes if the structure of the directories is changed The MIP development code is in the directory J catbrat endi C9 document E forth images 00 mic L C date oa L C3 aou Figure 6 3 MIPCTL Directory Structure The directories in MIP hold the following information CALIBRAT Calibration images not necessary for development DLL ERRDLL An Error Logging DLL not implemented in v5 3 2 DLLWGAO I The GAOI Custom Control DLL Necessary DOCUMENT Documentation for HAARP not necessary FORTH The FORTH and DSP56001 code for the Adv Tech controller board Not necessary for MIPCTL program development but necessary for development of the control electronics system NMAGES Irages stored on disk not necessary for development NOO Image Overlay Object Code Necessary MIPCTL MIPCTL EXE development code Necessary MIPCTL DATA AQ Acquisition development code Necessary MMIPIDATA AQNAQUIS Acquisition dlg resources Necessary F r the directories that are
114. MAGE INTENSIFIER MIPCTL CQ F 5 CTL TERM EMIT RD INTGAIN READ THE INTENSIFIER GAIN CTLQ 30 AND READ AND MASK INPUT BYTE 2 2 2 2 SHIFT DATA TO BO B1 TERM EMIT RETURN GAIN RD FILPOS READ THE FILTER WHEEL POSITION CTLQ 7 AND READ AND MASK INPUT BYTE TERM EMIT RETURN POSITION SET MIPBYTE SET THE MIP OUTPUT BYTE GETNUM CTL TERM EMIT OUTPUT BYTE AND RETURN RD MIPBYTE P EAD THE MIP INPUT BYTE CTL DECIMAL TERM EMIT READINPUTBYTEANDRETURN RD POSERR READ THE FW POS ERROR BIT CTL MASK 3 READ INPUT BYTE MASK 0 TERM EMIT AND RETURN STATUS DECIMAL RD_TEMPS DECIMAL READ THE FOUR SYSTEM TEMPERATURES SET NOSCAN SET SINGLE SET UP ADC MODE 4ADCQ 4 PEAD CCD TEMP SET CHI 4ADCQ 4 READ TEC TEMP SET CH2 4ADCQ 4 READ INT TEMP SET CH3 4ADCQ 4 READ FILT TEMP TERM EMIT AND RETURN VALUES RD_INTBRT DECIMAL READ THE BRIGHTNESS OF INTENSIFIER ANODE SET NOSCAN SET SINGLE SET CH4 SET UP ADC MODE AADCQ 4 TERM_EMIT AND RETURN AVERAGE Set up MIP Command List for MIP Command loop CASE CMD SYSTEM 0 COLD 1 CCD_BIAS 2 CCD_READ 3 CCD_CLR 4 IBIN 5 2BIN 6 DEFAULT 7 CCD GAIN 8 DARK 9 OBS 10 EXPOSE 11 FOCUS 125 HWED 13 SET ERR 14 DWED 13 _ 1 16 OPEN_SH2 17 CLOSE SHI 18 CLOSE SH2 19 OPEN SHTS 20 CLOSE SHTS 21 SET
115. N SHUTTERS SEPERATELY CHECK PHOTODIODE GET EXPOSURE TIME IN DECISECONDS CHECK FOR ERROR LIMIT CHECK MAKE SURE lt EXP gt IS gt 1 SHTS CLOSED CLEAR CCD OPEN FRONT SHUTTER SH1 WAIT AND CHECK IF OPEN CHECK FOR ERROR OPENING SH SET UP ADC MODE READ ADC CHANNEL 4 TAKE AVERAGE FOR ERROR INT IN AGC MODE IF NOT OPEN BACK SHTR 2 WAIT AND CHECK IF OPEN CHECK FOR ERROR OPENING SH2 WAIT lt N gt DSECS CLOSE SHTS READ CCD CHECK FOR ERROR CLOSING SHUTTERS DROP lt AGC gt CLS ERRCHK DROP lt AGC gt AGC ERRCHK CLOSE SHTS SH1 ERRCHK LIMIT ERRCHK IF NO ERROR REPORT OUTPUT AGC VALUE 203 ELSE ERRSTS DUP 0 IF DROP ELSE NEGATE DROP THEN THEN TERM_EMIT SET ERR GETNUM DUP 2 gt IF DROP 1 ELSE DUP O IFDROP 1 ELSE ERRLVL 0 THEN THEN TERM EMIT HWED SHADE TERM EMIT DWED ELSE CHECK ERROR WORD NO ERROR DROP ERROR AND RETURN AGC RETURN ERROR CODE AND DROP AND RETURN TERMINATING CHARACTER SETERRORLEVEL GET DESTINATION ERRLVL gt 2 ERROR ERRLVL 0 ERROR STORE THE ERRLVL RETURN WITH CODE HORIZONTAL WEDGE 12 BIT TEST PATTERN DIAGONAL WEDGE 12 BIT TEST PATTERN NOT YET IMPLEMENTED TERM_EMIT CLR CLEAR TERM EMIT CCD READ READ TERM EMIT HEX SET FILPOS GETNUM DUP 5 gt IF DROP 6 ELSE DUP l
116. NVLINSNOS uvod SfuY1S RASM OJA 0321940 i i I r f MINOO i f I AHLIDOHIO 03118905 u3worsno 1 i H I ul ul i i i 1 n 31 i H 9 si ASSY QV3H VU3NYO Q1 SORL3WOLOH NOISIAIQ Y d 30 9 S3IDO1ONHO3L Q39NVAQV 011 5 13 NOISIAIO V SSIDOTONHOSL Q39NVAGV 845389 5 VWEWNYO SI 49450 OV 204266 60816 006 04 DAVON 4614 A 2 QZONYAOC Y 95 sev 4442904 192267 Waad 3 3911495 outa esa 9446 onus 994 eres tee eese see 1905 C46 5294 944 162106 115199 ia 19 9 v WETIOULNOD 9 899304 GATE 988588 88 08 6058 49 SAZIOOTONNOAL GOXONYAGY bad lt 275 DEVICE mis_addr_select_2 11618 PIN al5 1 INPUT combinatorial 14 2 INPUT combinatorial a13 3 INPUT combinatorial 12 4 INPUT combinatorial all 5 INPUT combinatorial as 6 INPUT combinatorial e 7 INPUT combinatorial rd 8 INPUT combinatorial reset 9 INPUT combinat
117. POR TIMING STATES FOR KEO CAMERA DEFINITIONS OF STATE CONSTANTS FOR USE IN THE KEO DSP CODE FORGET P1 HI HEX 1 CONSTANT P1 HI 0000000000000001 0 CONSTANT P1 LO 2 CONSTANT P2 HI 0000000000000010 0 CONSTANT P2 LO 4 CONSTANT P3 HI 0000000000000100 Q CONSTANT P3 LO 8 CONSTANT TG HI 000000000000 1000 0 CONSTANT TG_LO 10 CONSTANT PIX_HI 0000000000010000 0 CONSTANT PIX_LO 20 CONSTANT LEN_HI 0000000000100000 0 CONSTANT LEN LO 40 CONSTANT FEN HI 000000000 1000000 CONSTANT FEN LO 80 CONSTANT SCK HI 000000001 0000000 CONSTANT LO 100 CONSTANT SW_HI 0000000100000000 0 CONSTANT SW_LO 200 CONSTANT DCK_HI 0000001000000000 0 CONSTANT DCK_LO 400 CONSTANT DCR_HI 0000010000000000 0 CONSTANT DCR LO 800 CONSTANT ADS 0000100000000000 0 CONSTANT ADS_LO PS VALULS ARE INTERMEDIATE STATES FOR THE PARALLEL CLOCKS 2 OR P3 HI OR Hl CONSTANT PSO P HI P2 LO OR P3 HI OR TG HI CONSTANT PSI P2 LO OR P3 LO OR TG LO OR CONSTANT 52 PI HI P2 HI OR 13 LO OR TG LO OR CONSTANT PS3 PI LO P2 HI OR P3 LO OR TG LO OR CONSTANT 54 PI LO P2 H OR P3 HI OR TG HI OR CONSTANT PSS P LO P2 OR Hi OR OR CONSTANT PS6 226 HI P2 HI OR P3 HI OR HI CONSTANT PS7 HI P2 HI OR P3 HI HI CONSTANT PS8 PAR IDLE IS THE STATE IN WHICH TO LEAVE THE PARALLEL CLOCKS WHEN THEY ARE NOT IN US
118. Remove the back cover relay lens Unscrew the eleven 4 40 button head screws for the back cover relay lens unit and slide the back assembly off of the rest of the housing The intensifier will now be sacking out of the housing about 1 Slide the Intensifier out of housing Without rotating the tube pull the tube out of the housing Additional parts to the Intensifier cooler Mask thin Delrin Mask inserts into the curvature lens housing directly between the curvature lens and the image intensifier To remove this mask complete steps i through viii above and with necdle nose pliers gently pull the mask out of the curvature lens housing It is crucial that you remember the correct oricntation of this mask with respect to the housing and the cooling unit The mask and the curvature lens housing are lightly marked with a pencil Curvature Lens To remove the curvature corrector lens from inside the intensifier housing complete steps i through above and then remove the four 2 56 nylon screws holding the curvature lens assembly from inside the intensifier housing This can only be done once the intensifier has been removed The curvature lens housing should be removed and re installed with the same orientation with respect to the intensifier cooler as this will preserve the alignment set ngs of the instrument Cooler Window To remove the cooler window complete steps 1 through iv above and set
119. S DRIVER CCA IF H di JU 0 i lI i N N t E j i i is coul E T EI 286 SNOUJ3NNOO INYO 029 un 4 L T gl j 5 snm auo m z lt ot u x 2 427 mee 76 A9 4 9 3SVO 011 SOIL 3PQLIOHd 3O NOIGIAIO Y 53 9 Q3ONVAOV 290 tr ac dt Mira Av13d IVA VL 49 Sanv 9YAS9 95 T didi cx 97 IE WA o e 92v rt Photometrics Unregulated Supply 291 Chapter 11 Cabling and Internal Wiring 11 1 11 2 11 3 11 4 11 5 11 6 11 7 11 8 11 9 11 10 11 11 11 12 11 13 AC Power Wiring DC Power Wiring External Signal Cable Diagram External Cable Pinout Documentation Internal Rear Panel Signal Cable CCD Head Ext Cable to Signal CCA CCD Head Intemal Cabling Shutter Connectors Shutter Cable Diagram Image Intensifier and TEC Power Cable Filter Wheel and Stepper Motor Filter Wheel and Temp Control Cables Removing the Image Intensifier 292 9ue1 WA vOLBGWSE Hi 9 n sJjug insuo2 4 9 10 0d pieogueyiow b P emar jddng 9 P 99v 49 5931 0318 SAYS SNM s5 uleuuoloud 9 8
120. S logic supply and zhutter holding voltage The shutter coils are 7 Ohms so at 2 4V they each draw 340mA amp RIIB are used reduce the input voltage from 32VDC so that the 141 doesn t dissipate as much heat US 1 set to 12V and is used to power two DC fans 1 each connected in parallel and used to cool CCD head 3 13 Back Panel The back panel has two connectors AC and Computer Interface The AC plugs into any 110 120VAC outlet The Computer Interface connecter contains all the signals for the RS 422 communications as well as the 12 bit digital image and clocking signals All signals on this cable are differential which allows longer transmission distances and noise immunity The power fuse for the HAARP Imager 2A SB is located on the back panel A power on off switch is also located on the back panel A recessed red button is located by the Interface connector This is the reset button for the 68HC11 processor inside the HAARP Pushing this will reset all the electronics and bring the instrument up in it s initial state Some of the electronics that are independent to the processor will not be reset by this button and you may need to actually turn off on to achieve a full reset 3 14 Temperature Monitoring Equatioas The KEO Interface Control CCA provides a 2mA excitation current for the RTDs The 8 bit ADC 0 to 5V gives 256 steps If the resolution is 0 59C then the range is 128 C Tempera
121. SHTR_STS THE STATUS BITS OF THE SHUTTERS AND LEAVE ON STACK CTL C0 AND READ AND MASK INPUT BYTE 2 2 2 2 2 24 SHIFT DATA TO BO B1 CLS CLOSE BOTH SHUTTERS WITH NO STATUS CHECK PORTA CQ F 5 F 6 PORTA C OPS OPEN BOTH SHUTTERS WITH NO STATUS CHECK PORTA CQ T 5 T 6 PORTA C KEO Dictionary for MIP control words in order of CASE DECIMAL SYSTEM RETURN TO FORTH USER SYSTEM TERM EMIT RD SHTRS READ THE SHUTTER STATUS BITS SHTR_STS GET THE STATUS BITS ON THE STACK TERM EMIT RETURN STATUS OPEN SHI OPEN SHUTTER 1 PORTA C T 6 PORTA C WRITE BIT TO PORTA 1 DWAIT SHTR_STS 1 AND ELSE 1 THEN TERM EMIT OPEN_SH2 OPEN SHUTTER 2 PORTA C T 5 PORTA C WRITE BIT TO PORTA 1 DWAIT SHTR_STS 2 AND IF 0 ELSE 2 THEN TERM_EMIT CLOSE SHI CLOSE SHUTTER 1 PORTA CQ F 6 PORTA WRITE BIT TO PORTA 1 DWAIT SHTR_STS AND IF 1 ELSEO THEN TERM EMIT CLOSE SH2 CLOSE SHUTTER 2 PORTA C F 5 PORTA C WRITE BIT TO PORTA 1 DWAIT SHTR_STS 2 AND IF 2 ELSE 0 THEN TERM EMIT OPEN_SHTS BOTH SHUTTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY OPS WRITE BITS TO PORTA 1 DWAIT SHTR_STS DUP 3 IF DROP 0 ELSE 4 OR THEN TERM EMIT CLOSE_SHTS CLOSE BOTH SHUTTERS SIMULTANEOUSLY CLS WRITE BITS TO PORTA 1 DWAIT SHTR_STS DUP 3 AND IF 4 AND ELSE DROP 0 THEN TERM EMIT CCD_BIAS READ OUT A BIAS FRAME CLS CLEAR CLEAR
122. STANT SPS17 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX HI OP LEN HI OR FEN LO OR DCK LO OR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SPST8 SCK LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO DCK LO OR DCR LO OR ADS HI OR CONSTANT SPST9 IDLE IS THE STATE TO LEAVE THE SERIAL CONTROL BITS IN WHEN NOT IN USE LO SW LO OR PIX LO OR LEN HI OR FEN LO OR LO OR DCR LO OR ADS LO OR CONSTANT SER IDLE PSTATES ARE FINAL STATES FOR PARALLEL CLOCKING PSO SER_IDLE OR CONSTANT PSTATEO PSI IDLE OR CONSTANT PSTATE PS2 SER IDLE OR CONSTANT PSTATE2 PS3 SER IDLE OR CONSTANT PSTATE3 PS4 SER IDLE OR CONSTANT PSTATE4 PS5 SER IDLE OR CONSTANT PSTATES PS6 SER IDLE OR CONSTANT PSTATE6 PS7 SER IDLE OR CONSTANT PSTATE 7 228 PS8 SER_IDLE OR CONSTANT 8 SPRE STATES ARE FINAL STATES FOR SERIAL PIXEL PRESCANNING SPRO PAR_IDLE OR CONSTANT SPREO SPRI PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPREI SPR2 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPRE2 SPR3 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPRE3 SPR4 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPRE4 SPRS PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPRES SPR6 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPRE6 SPR7 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPRE7 SPR8 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPRE SPR9 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SPRE9 SREAD STATES ARE FINAL STATES FOR SERIAL PIXEL READING SRDO PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SREADO SRD1 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SREADI SRD2 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SREAD2 SRD3 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SREAD3 SRD4 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SREAD4 SRDS PAR_IDLE OR CONSTANT SREADS SRD6 PAR IDLE OR CONSTANT SREAD6 SRD7 IDLE OR CONSTANT SREAD7 SRD8
123. THIS FILE 15 MADE AVAILABLE THROUGH THE DEGLASSIFIGATION EFFORTS AND RESEARGH OF THE BLACK VAULT IS THE LARGEST ONLINE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT GOVERNMENT RECORD CLEARING HOUSE IN THE WORLD THE RESEARCH EFFORTS HERE ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DECLASSIFICATION OF THOUSANDS OF DOCUMENTS THROUGHOUT THE U S GOVERNMENT AND ALL CAN BE DOWNLOADED BY VISITING WWW BLACKVAULT COM YOU ARE ENCOURAGED TO FORWARD THIS DOCUMENT TO YOUR FRIENDS BUT PLEASE KEEP THIS IDENTIFYING IMAGE AT THE TOP OF THE PDF 50 OTHERS CAN DOWNLOAD MORE 2 PL TR 93 2219 AD A277 469 AAC A Kl High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program HAARP IMAGER Cyril Lance Robert H Eather Keo Consultants 27 Irving Si IG Brookline MA 02146 git 17 1994 30 September 1993 db B 94 08551 Final Report 19 August 1991 29 August 1993 i Approved for public release distribution unlimited gt PHILLIPS LABORATORY pod Directorate of Geophysics zi AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND EA HANSCOM AIR FORCE BASE MA 01731 3010 96 This technical report has been reviewed and is approved for publication EDWARD J WEBER EDWARD J 8E Sony Contract Manager Branch Chief Division Director This document has been reviewed by the ESC Public Affairs Office PA and is releasable to the National Technical Information Service NTIS
124. TORING THE DICTIONARY WE WANT TO RESERVE SOME SPACE FOR AUTOSTART ROUTINES ETC SO WE START AT 256 BYTES ABOVE THE ACTUAL START OF THE EEPROM OR 6100 6000 CONSTANT EPROM 6104 CONSTANT EEDICT START 200 CONSTANT DICT START EE 2DUP BEGIN2DUP UNTIL DROP DROP 2DUP C BEGIN 2DUP CQ UNTIL DROP DROP EETEST AFFF EPROM DO AA I DUP CR EE C LOOP STORE THE CURRENT STATE OF THE FORTH MACHINE AND THE USER ADDED DICTIONARY TO EXTERNAL EPROM VARIABLE PROMLOC STORE EEUNPROT EPROM 100 PROMLOC WE WILL STORE THE DICTIONARY END ADDRESS 56100 HERE PROMLOC 0 EE INCREMENT THE POINTER BY 2 PEONMEDCOC te 216 DICT START PROMLOC WE WILL STORE THE DICTIONARY START ADDRESS 6102 PROMLOC 2 PROMLOC POINT TO THE START OF THE EEPROM DICTIONARY STORING DICTIONARY CR MOVE THE DICTIONARY TO EEPROM HERE DICT START DO ONE BYTE AT A TIME I CO PROMLOC Q EE C PROMLOC Q 1 PROMLOC LOOP STORING FORTH USER AREA CR WE WILL STORE THE FORTH USER 84 6 DO AREA DIRECTLY ABOVE THE DICT I C PROMLOC Q EE C PROMLOC Q 1 PROMLOC LOOP EEPROT STORE COMPLETE CR ENDED AT PROMLOC U CR EEPROT HEX REPLACE THE CURRENT STATE OF THE FORTH MACHINE USER ADDED DICTIONARY FROM EXTERNAL EPROM RAM DICT END ADDRESS 6100 RAM DICT START ADDRESS AT 6102 EE DICT STARTS AT
125. WIPE decumentation This is all done via the serial communications and is not that easy 193 In view of this the system cop is not presently impleinented If it seems that it is desirable the MIP loop has provision for it In addition any other timing functions would have to be modified such as WAIT s and DSP_WAIT For more information read the 68HC11 reference manual the MaxFORTH manual the WIPE documentation and if still confused call New Micro 7 5 MIP Command Format Summary from Host s point of view C Programming format Command Value InP QutP Terminati COLD i None 5 CCD_BIAS 2 None CCD_READ 2 CCD_CLR 4 None None 1BIN 5 un 2BIN 6 None None ur DEFAULT 7 None 5 mmand CCD_GAIN 8 d r uf DARK OBS e FOCUS lt HWEC SET ERR gt DWED None _ 1 None OPEN_SH2 None CLOSE_SH1 B None CLOSE SH2 5 5 D None 194 CLOSE_SHTS None d n SET FILPOS F Sod d SET_INTGAhY G Sod SET_MIPBYTE H None None J None None RD_SHTRS K None RD_FILPOS None H RD_MIPBYTE M None d RD INTGAIN N None RD POSERR None
126. XE Mipextm pch Precompiled header file for Compile session re created during a REBUILD from Visual C Mipctl pif Windows PIF file Mipctl rc Resource File Mipctl res Compiled resource file using Resource Compiler Eiles created by MIPCTL EXE aqt Acquisition table files ASCH plt Plot Files ASCIT img Images Binary tempture lut Temperature LUT for ADC conversion ASCID vga2afg lut coordinates to AFG coordinates LUT ASCII 6 5 Monitor Calibration using the AFG board The video from the VGA display card in the computer is mixed with the video output of the frame grabber card Thus the monitor can be thought of as two overlayed unages Depending on the Video mode set in the MIPCTL software Section 5 3 4 a combination of the two displays will appear at any one time or the monitor There is often a need to translate from a pixel location in the AFG video to a pixel location in the VGA computer s video signal and vice versa example of translating from AFG pixels to pixles AFG2V g2 would be to draw a line in the Image Overlay Window of AFG pixel locations x1 y1 to x2 y2 oo Vnd is in VGA video In this case we need to translate the AFG pixel locations to pixel lecations and draw at these pixel locations in the VGA screen An example of translating from VGA pixels to AFG pixels Vga2AFG would be to identify a pixel intensity at the present CURSOR location Since the cu
127. Yllw Signal CCA to Camera Head Cable for HAARP P3 40 Pin IDC a GREEN PURPLE 28 AWG PURPLE GREEN 28 AWG BROWN PLAPLE 28 AWG P3 32 P2 20 1 11 1 12 YELLOW BROWN BROWN YELLOW BLUE WHITE 1 22 ADO P3 28 iGREENWHITE 128 AWG P1 23 DGND 2 24 IWHITEGREEN 28 AWG P1 24 ADOO P3 26 WHITE GRAY 28 AWG DGND P2 24 GRAYMHITE 28 AWG P1 26 DCR 3 37 IGRAY PURPLE 28 AWG P1 27 GAINSEL1 P3 7 IPURPLE GRAY 28 AWG ADS P3 35 ORANGE PURPLE P1 29 GAINSEL2 P3 8 PURPLE ORANGE P1 30 P2 1 P2 2 PURPLE YELLOWl24 AWG P1 31 TEC BROWN BLUE 24 AWG P1 32 CCDRTD P3 4 RED 24 AWG P1 33 CCDRTD 1 3 2 _ 124 AWG 1 34 3 3 BLUE P1 35 3 1 IWHITE BLACK 21 36 7 GRAY P1 37 WHITE 24 P1 38 2 7 IYELLOW 24 AWG 1 39 AGND 2 10 24 AWG P1 40 2 13 VIOLET 24 AWG P1 41 i RESET 3 39 BLACK GRAY P1 42 DGNO 1 2 17 GRAY BLACK 1 43 SCLK1 P3 9 iIBROWN BLACK 28 ___ P1 44 SCLK1 P3 10 BLACK BROWN 28 AWG P1 45 5 2 IP3 12 RED BLUE 28 AWG P1 46 SCLK2 P3 11 BLUE RED 128 AWG P1 47 SUMWELL P3 15 RED GREEM 28 AWG KEO Consultants 299 Signal CCA to Camera Head Cable tor HAARP 1 50 SCLK3 1 51 1 52 PCLK1 1 53 PCLK3 P1 54 7 a P1 56 TGATE P3 31 28 AWG P1 58 PCLK2 KEO Consultants 30
128. a PAUSE and the next parameter nGaoiLoc is checked to get the pause duration Defined in AQUIS H typedef struct int nFilter int nGaoiLoc int nIntensifier int nDisplayMin int nDisplayMax int bRecord BOOL bDarkSubtract agENTRY 6 7 10 Acquisinun Desktop Structure aqDESKTOP aqDESKTOF structure holds the present path and filenames for the acquisition information Acquistion tables are stored in files with the extension MIPCTL keeps track of which acquisition table was last opened using this structure Defined in QUIS H typedef struct char szPa h PATHLEN char szlIable FILENAMELE N char sEquip FILENAMELEN aqDESKTOP 6 8 Adding New Operations to the Acquisition Cycle The acquisiuon cycle can now accommodate an arbitrary number of operations during an acquisition period in addition to the normal acquisition event The presently defined operations for the acquisition cycle for MIPCTL v5 3 are as follows Acquisition Setup camera gt acquire image gt reccrd flag gt label gt rescale Math Addition subtraction multiplication of two images using the AFG hardware ALU Snap Snap one image to another with the option of scaling image Pause Pause for a specified amount of time Loop Loop back 1 entries in the acquisition table j tires There be any number of operations that the use may want incorporated into the acquisition cycle T
129. a very slight focusing discrepancy between the different sides of the intensifier The re imaging optics were focused to compromise between the difference Three images were taken 1 Intensifier Dark Noise 2 Room integration LED turned off 3 LED integration Each image is an addition of 5 images to get better statistics Examination of the Room integration and the LED integration shows that the ambient light in the room accounted for about 4 of the light in the LED integration This is important as the ambient lignt in the room is not guaranteed to be uniform over the photocathode of the image intensifier Profues for these two images are given in Figure 2 25 Examination of this fiat field image shows a maximum non uniformity of around 1 6 1 which confirms our visual observation of this being an unsually uniform tube by VARO s specifications This image Figure 2 26 also clearly shows the results of the image intensifier mask Section 2 5 4 and the results of the CCD orientation Section 2 1 8 Pixel Value 0 256 Pixcl 512 256 Figure 2 25 Profile of Intensifier Flat Field image Num Poms 12 Pixel Value 0 256 Pixel 512256 Figure 2 25b Profile for Ambient Light in Flat Field Figure 2 26 Image Intensifier Flat Field Image Stretched Black 200 White 17000 49 2 5 6 Image Intensifier Gain Calibrations There are four gains for the image intensifier
130. all and does not update MIPCTL or MIPSTS OPS Opens both shutters with no status check Does not modify the stack at all and does not update MIPCTL or MIPSTS 7 3 3 Error Checking System An error reporting scheme has been implemented on the HAARP imager There are three levels of error reporting that can occur 0 No error reporting continue operation 1 Report error but continue operation 2 Report error abort operation The Utility word ERRCHK is used to implement this feature The error reporting is determined by the error level stored in the variable ERRLVL This error level is set by the host dynamically The default error level is always 2 report and abort Functions that retum errors report all errors as negative numbers 187 7 3 4 MIP Command Words Note the command words follow the MIP command format and finish by emitting the terminating character None of these commands modify the stack in any way RD_SHTRS Reads the shutter status pops this value off the stack and emits the terminating character _ 1 Opens Shutter 1 waits 100 msec reads the shutter status and returns 0 if open and 1 if closed error and finally emits the terminating character OPEN_SH2 Opens Shutter 2 waits 100 msec reads the shutter status and returns 0 if open 2 if closed error and finally emits the terminating character CLOSE SH1 Closes Shutter 1 waits 100 msec reads the shutter status and returns 0 if
131. arcd to Case 2 4 Three plano convex lenses would to a further small improvement in spherical aberration but is not jusuficd in terms of reduced wansmission and expense 5 The oricntauon of the two plano convex lenses is chosen to share refracuon approximately equally between the four surfaccs lcading to less aberrations than any other iwo element configurauon L AGEL einjonujs 104 sayeay jo payelap 10 wes6oid eui u eq Prym Surua E90 18 snoabequenpe si e6ue IUL S 2u ti 1594 eui Je ssaquunu 3 Jamoj Buisn Aq 1 S N S ajbue Jo se s sb xu Jai eui sv punos6yoeq 5 Jo uojssitusue1 1lu nb suoo 5 Sareirsseoeu YAUM uoo ayy 59 46 s u s su l INQ ugut 3 1 18 ase 5 20 JEU BION 819 2 Q4 Qu SU 0 75 JO eui 5 JANELLA UMOYS WLG 053 18 eut Y N 1 20 i3quinu 3 BU 195
132. ard The HAARP Imager has been set up using the stepper motor on the filterwheel in half step mode which increases resolution and results in much smoother operation This modification direc ly pulled pin 10 of the UCNS804B on the Powerl O board up to Vcc or pin 16 The position monitoring elect onics involves four transinission switches These are connected to the control panel ana then to the KEO Interface Control Card There are three position switches which give a 3 bit position code 1 5 The fourth transmission switch gives a pulse for every filter position and is used to clock the position code into D flip flops and subsequently into the command EPROM In addition there is an RTD used to monitor the FW temperature This signal returns to the Control Panel CCA v here an instrumentation amplifier U13 amplifies it and sends it to the KEO Interface Control CCA On the front of the filter wheel is a connector that has a mating photoconductive cell This is used to inhibit the image intensifier power supply from switching on in the event of too much ambient light The sensitivity of this light detector can be set by adjusting the 1M pot on the KEO Control Panel CCA The temperature control consists of a REX C100 temperature control unit and is independent of the KEO interface electronics An RTD is connected in the three wire configuration and the outputs of the REX C100 connect to an SSR inside the Imager chassis and subsequenily t
133. are selected 20 0 Scale Oftset7 Post Processing unsigned O Positive Absolute Signed O Negative None For a detailed description of how the AFG does math refer to the ITEX Software manual CH 11 and the ITEX Release Notes v2 2 2 but briefly the math equations are as foliows where Add DEST PFLAG SOURCEI SOURCE2 Subtract DEST PFLAG SOURCEI SOUCE2 Multiply DEST PFLAG SOURCE SOURCE2 gt gt SCALE Divide DEST PFLAG SOURCE SOURCE gt gt SCALE J OFFSET PFLAG is the post processing flag and can have the values ABSOLUTE Negatve values are converted to positive values and positive values are left unchanged NONE No Post Processing POSITIVE Positive values are clipped to the maximum GAOI depth and the negative values are set tc zero NEGATIVE Negative values are made positive and clipped to 255 Positive values are seu to 0 SIGNED Numbers are treated as signed values SCALE is used in muluply and divide to shift the result of the mult div either left or right OFFSET is constant number added to the mult div operation after the shift but before the post processing For v2 2 2 the Divide function was disabled on the AFG board User s Note When looking at data where differences are of interest such as calculating the mean variance curves negative numbers are significant Since the math on the
134. ares coupling efficiencies Coupling Efficiency of Fiber Optics Tapers and Relay Lenses m Fiber Optics Relay Lens 07 F 10 F 14 1 0 800 0 090 0 047 0 025 0 5 0 200 0 172 0 086 0 045 0 33 0 987 0 224 0 111 0057 0 25 0 050 0 256 0 127 0 065 13 lt may be seen that although fiber optics is much more efficient for 1 1 coupling its advantage quickly decreases as magnification decreases as is common when couplicg from image intensifiers to CCDs and for 50 33 relay lenses may be as efficient or even more efficient There are many other factors that eater into the choice between fiber optics and relay lenses i If the detector is to be cooled it may not be desirable to use fiber optics coupling as the added thermal load will make CCD cooling difficult The best solution in this case may be to cool the complete CCD camera fiber optics intensifier combination ii If commercial CCD cameras to be used it may not be possible to use fiber optics coupling as most to not come with the option of a fiber optics faceplate on the CCD Specialty scientific cameras with fiber optics faceplate CCDs are much more expensive than commercially available cameras 11 Fiber optics may be necessary theic are physical size and or weight restrictions as relay lenses are considerably Jarger and heavier Similarly fiber optics will be advantageous if there are shock or vibration conditions iv Fiber optics will generally reduce r
135. ast character is the null character that terminates the string The binary time is encoded into the comment field so that software will readily be able to idenufy the ume using the Unix Time Format supported by C The first byte is a status byte that indentifies any bytes with value 0 in the four byte time variable The 0 byte is then set to 127 to ensure that it does not prematurely null the string when it is written to the image file This is described in more detail in Section 6 9 6 3 Minimum Files needed to run MIPCTL This section outlines the minimum files and their directory structure to run thc MIPCTL application fhis manual does not discuss the necessary files for the Imaging Technology AFG Board and ITEX software Refer to the ITEX Release Notes v2 2 2 for this information MIPCTL files CAWINDOWS KEOCCD INI Initializauon file CAWINDOWS GAOL DLL Gaoi Control DLL file for dialog boxes CNWINDOWSNGSW DLL Graphics Server DLL fue for plotting Wins CNVISNPLUSCONFIGCMIP CAM Camera head definitions for ITEX code CNVISNPLUSXCONFIGEO CNF Configuration definitions code CNVIISNPLUSCCONFIGKEO MON Monitor definitions for ITEX code Files in the same directory usually MIPAMIPCTL MIPCTL EXE Executable usually in MIPMIPCTL MIP1 FNT TIGA large font same dir as MIPCTL EXE MIP2 FNT TIGA small font same dir as MIPCTL EXE TEMPTURE LUT LUT will be created if none VGA2AFG
136. ast rate for Home Rate 230 Peak Velocity Slope 248 Acceleration Home Look at USRBO First 22 Slow rate for moves Tum USRB4 On Disable Motor Waitt Identifier Loop and test for USRB1 Move Test USRB2 If set jmp to 4 Identifier Set to CCW direction Test USRB3 If set jmp to 3 1 Filter 1600 Steps Identifier NumSteps 1610 Move past Home Jmp to 6 GO command 800 Steps Identifier NumSteps 810 Move past Home Jmp to 6 GO command Identifier Set to CW direction Test USRB3 If set jmp to 5 1 Fiker 1600 Steps Identifier NumSteps 1590 Move almost io Home Jmp to 6 GO command 800 Steps Identifier NumSteps 790 Move almost to Home Tum USRBA Off Enable Motor GO co amand Make move First 360 Fast Rate for Home Jump to 1 Home command EPROM Program 27C16 0H 11H B0 lcs 12H 3H B0 No Move Move 13H 7H B1 14H 5H B2 200 400 15 1H Output Commands 21H 1H OH No Move 22H 0 1H Move 200 steps 23H 3H 3H Move 200 steps 24H 7H 5H Move 400 steps 25H 5H 7H Move 400 steps 31H 5H 32H 1H 33H 0 34H 3H 35H 7H 41H 7H 42H 5H 43H 1H 44H 0H 45H 3H 51H 3H 52H 7H 53H 5H 54H 1H 55H 0H All other locations in 27C16 set to 8H 255 ee y 8866 4 9 9 202812963 FARHAD KEO CONSULTANTS S N x 900000 Connector Side Front
137. ation is stamped into the image comment so that anyone dumping the image file will be able to easily iden fiy this information Next comes a string of system parameters in the format X NNN where X is a one character indentifier for the parameter and enclosed in square brackets is an ASCH representation of the parameters value This is not as space efficient as storing the intormation in binary format but has the advantage of being easily readable without any software uanslation c g user can use simple file dump The parameters are taken directly from the image s infomation structure G Intensifier Gain 1 byte W Filter Wavelength 8 bytes E Exposure Time 3 bytes V Field of View 3 bytes C CCD Temp 3 bytes T TEC Temp 3 bytes Intensifier Temp 3 bytes Filter Wheel Temp 3 bytes B Int Brightness 3 bytes The next 5 characters of the string 1 2 indicate the values of the Camera Gain cGain 1 Mid Gain and the Binning factor cBin 2x2 The next 26 characters are reserved for the Location string 25 char long with leading spaces one extra followed by 76 characters for the Comment string 75 char long with leading spaces one extra Finally in the above example are the characters 127M _ 0 These the last 7 characters of the comment suing The first character is a delimiter between the comment sting and the binary time variable that follows in the next 5 bytes The l
138. ckgnd Upper Right Top Center Bottom Image or Quandrant displays have three justifications Because the images have a integral height of 512 pixels and the VGA screen has a height of 480 pixels a whole image or quandrant cannot be viewed on a VGA display 640x480 The user could change the resolution of the display to SVGA 800x600 but then the screen would have to be recalibrated and the images would be significantly smaller was decided that the VGA display would be a better choice giving larger images In order to cover the whole image the user selects which justification to view the image Top Center and Bottom Top allows the viewer to see the top of the image cutting of the bottom 32 lines Center centers the image vertically cutting off the top and bottom 16 lines Bottom displays the bottom of the image cutting of the top 32 lines The default display mode is Center A display characteristic of the AFG board should be mentioned here When displaying the Hi Resolution Quadrant the AFG board is squeezing a 1024x1024 image area into a 512x480 VGA window To do this the AFG board drops every other pixel This can result in erroneous iooking graphics and image artifacts that are not inherent in the image Video This dialog box aliows you to change some of the video features associated with the image display Since the VGA display is mixed with the AFG image display there are several options that can be
139. closed 1 if open error and finally emits the terminating character CLOSE SH2 Closes Shutter 2 waits 100 msec reads the shutter status and returns 0 if closed 2 if open error and finally emits the terminating character OPEN SHTS Opens oth shutters simultaneously waits 100 msec reads the shutter status and returns 0 if both are open 6 if shutter 1 is closed error 5 if shutter 2 1 closed error 7 if both are closed crror and then emits the terminating character CLOSE SHTS Closes both shutters simultaneously waits 100 msec reads the shutter status and returns 0 if both are closed 6 if shutter 1 is open error 5 if shutter 2 is open error 7 if both are open error and then emits the terminating character CCD_BIAS 2BIN 18 CCD_GAIN DARK DEFAULT EXPOSE Closes the shutters with no status check clears the CCD three umes to scrub out any residual charge reads the CCD and finally emits the terminating character Does not modify the stack in any way Sets the CCD to read out in 2x2 binning with 256x256 serial and parallel lengths Emits a terminating character Sets the CCD to read out in 1 1 binning with 512x512 serial and parallel lengths Emits a terminating character Gets the Gain selection from the host checks for gt 2 condition and returns a 1 error if so If no limit problem sets the CCD ADC gain using the CGAIN and emits an 0 no error and the the terminati
140. cquired and what the path directory of the subsequent image data will be In the above example the image information headers of the images will have Location Ramey Solar Observatory Comment Campaign 92 The image path will be CNnip calbrat The right hand side of the acquisition window represents the information required to take one image This is the defeult event in an acquisition cycle As we will see there are several other events that can be defined as well 127 The sixth entry in the above acquisition list is highlighted or selected so it s acquisition information is displayed in the nght hand side of the window In the acquisition list the event is represented by the string Fi Gaoi Exp Int min max rec dfs 6 5 DAULI6 5 0 2 100 4000 rec This could be read as the sixth aq event moves to filter 5 takes a Lo Resolution image using an exposure of 5 0 seconds with the intensifier gain a 2 and storcs in the Gaoi DA UL16 Once the image is archived rec the image is stretched to map it s pixel values of 100 gt 4000 to 0 gt 4095 thus increasing the contrast of the image The dfs flag is not set in this aq event DFS stands for dark frame subtract and has been disabled in this version of the software so the setting of this flag will not currently affect the actions of the aq event This information is mirrored in the nght hand side of the window where these indi
141. d VME based systems 3 2 CCD Camera Control System The CCD camera head was custom designed and built for KEO by Advanced Technologies Tuscon AZ The HAARP control electronics and software were developed by KEO to the specifications of our HAARP design proposal and integrated with the Advanced Technologies system The core of the Advanced Technology design is a 4 board motherboard located inside the imager see Block Diagram Figure 3 1 HAARP hardware system is to the MIP camera developed by KEO Consultants for Phillips Lab lonospheric Applications Branch PL GPIA S NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNS SS 1 ZI 071902 3 Je eua 29113 FISTING IA A2 sd D 20811 LL LIS MALA LLA or er 23 YOO usis 022 zd Tiaiz4 epo Q 8 HS SNV 000 2910 4821 fetus 231 AS 2 4 d 12012 09 041002 ed WW 1661 1435 SLNVLINSNOD gt 70 TTT 7 ov A 2I A NEYI uA uec Figure 3 1 HAARP Imager Hardware Block Diagram 73 The control board consists of the system s processing units A 68HC11 e
142. d on disk in a text format and can be viewed with any text editor new or modified acquisition table could be created this way The acquisition table defined in the above example looks like AQUISITION SETUP INFO v2 1 Wntten to CUSP93 AQT E On Tue Jul 27 11 55 53 1993 Equipment Filter 1 4278 2 4865 3 5577 4 6300 Filter5 7776 Location SRI Site Sondestrom Comment CUSP Campaign 93 Cycle Time 30 Field of View 180 Aquisition Table FILT GAOI EXPOS INTEN MIN MAX REC DFS l 32 100 2 0 405 0 O 4 326 30 2 0 4095 00 2 326 32 2 322 0 0 5 0 6 50 00 2 0 4995 0 0 7 3 0 4 2 04055 00 5 326 5 0 2 100 40 10 5 326 330 2 200 300 00 Figure 5 4 Acquisition Table Text File Example The acquisition table has a header that gives the version number of the acquisition table format software the acquisition table s file name the date and the time that the table was written Next the equipment information is stored Filter values the location and comment strings discussed above the Cycle ame and the Field of View of the lens used during the acquisition cycle These acquisition tables are useful also for keeping records of what different experiment configurations were used In the above example the CUSP experiments in 1993 in Sondestrom at the SRI Site the filters were configured as 4278 4865 5577 6300 7776 Angstroms The cycle ume was 30 seconds and the fisheye le
143. directory CNWindows and copy the above text from the example KEOCCD INI tayloring the entries as needed Then restart the MIPCTL application and check that it is working correctly 5 5 Notes on AFG Failure If it appears that there are problems with the AFG board it may be a software problem with the ITEX drivers If problems arise there are several things that you can try to unlock the system The following is a step through of some things that can unlock the board You may try all or some of the following To see if there is a problem you can first just exit whatever program you are using to talk to the AFG such as MIPCTL or and then wy to restart If the AFG board driver is locked up somehow you will get an error message during the initialization of the board that will look something like TIGA Error 07EH Couldnt Exit your program if it didn t exit automatically and enter Imaging Technology s board debugger utility DX If in DOS go to directory ADGDX and type DX gt cd afgdx gt dx Or if you are in windows just double click on the DX Icon in the AFG Window 141 The DX software will prompt you for a configuration file Type KEO after which DX will read this file and set up the board and retum a prompt Type the following sequence of commands waiting for a prornpt before going to the next command init Initializes AFG Board extended Gives you the extended commands of DX
144. e E lt 2 256E01 V M0p VV8H 4453 pigog 10 ASLb faxov jaued 0310023 240 20 54682 d s soyeinBey AS tiis PUNIM Od 304 HAARP ntensifierr TEC Power Cabl r Model TE342RF SAN 18517 92 Int P4 int P3 Int P2 lat P 4 Intensifier Int RTD Int RTD 24AWG Twisted Control Panel Power Supply MIP Mother Board Note 4 93 Producis for Research ircorrectly wired tho HAARP Intensifier Cooler so the cabling for the HAARP imager is different than the MIP Imager This documentation correctly describes tho HAARP imagor Unfortunately the twc Intensifier coolers are not directly interchangable as a result of this mistake 305 IP A Connector Diagram AC G AC E CTL H T RTD N T RTD B T RTD S C RTO A RTD L PC K PC M 5V J DGND T T RTD connects to REX10 perature Controller F2 P 9 RTD connects to the Amp to 63HC11 F1 D PC refers to Photoresistive Cell FO R CTL reters to SSR control voltage 12V HOME U CTL AND CTL pins H amp 5 are on the Filterwheel only Grn Yiw to Chassis Gnd A 1 Brown 2 unt Hrn KAC C Orange 4 Red Wht Red KBD E nuy 1 D 8 How P3 Power WO
145. e change would be reflected with the text DATA 16 4 3 4 Limitations in the AFG Frame Buffer Because of the physical size of the frame buffer 1024x1024x16 there are only so many images that can fit into the frame buffer at any one time It should be understood that physically the Lo Res Quadrants occupy the same physical space as the Hi Res Images Thus modifying something in the image of DA ULIG is also modifying the data of HR UL16 Because of this the user has to be careful when using data of different resolutions The frame buffer can hold Four Hi Res Images 1 Quadrant OR Sixteen Lo Res Images 4 Quadrants An example of mixing resolutions could be using the following images HR ULI6 HR UR16 HR LL16 DS UL16 DS UR16 DS LL16 DS LR16 4 4 AFG Board Hardware Configuration and Jumper Settings Document Changes to the Default Configuration Document Changes to the Default Configuration x BOTTOM TOP i l AFG 1K Board Diagram AFG ACO Board Diagram Figure 4 2 AFG Board Jumper Settings 95 Chapter 5 Using the MIPCTL Software 5 1 Using the MIP Image Processing System The basic functionality of the Image Processing System will be discussed here There is an unlimited range of possibilities that are open to users depending on their understanding of all the components of the system The Windows operating system however is designed to make applications self exp
146. e low currents being measured pA The photodiode was selected for its relatively fast response and fast dark decay time The output of the AD515 is returned to the KEO Interface Control CCA via the KEO Control Panel CCA and is amplified with variable gain VR4 on U9 and sent co the ADC port of the 68HC11 PE4 This variable resistor is set so that 5V corresponds to the image intensifier operating in AGC mode Reading this photodiode gives the Host a measure of the average luminance of the image intensifier phosphor and from this analog information can then be decided what exposure and or gain is most appropriate for the next image acquisition It also allows the Host confirm that the intensifier is not operating in the AGC mode where intensifier output is no longer linear with light input Keeping Shutter closed during the exposure allows the Host to obtain a dark image that includes both the dark noise of the CCD aad the image intensifier During a normal cxposure the front shutter is opened first and checked The Intensifier brightness 81 is then checked to make sure that it is operating in its linear region Finally the back shutter is opened checked and the exposure interval begins At the end of the exposure interval berth shutters close simultaneously and are checked 3 12 Power Supplies AC power for the HAARP Imager is supplied to four separate transformers 1 REX C100 power supply 2 5 15V power supply transform
147. e processing software is provided which was customized for this application and uses menu or mouse user interaction no 14 SUDJECT TERMS Low light level imager monochromatic imager aurora airglow heating experiments 15 NUMOER OF PAGES 322 16 PRICE COOE 17 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION REPORT Umclassified 18 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE Unclassified 19 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT Unclassified 20 LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT SAR NSN 7580011305500 Standard form 298 Rev 2 99 by Sid 239 18 sm QR IE RR HAARP Imager Documentation Table of Contents Chatper 1 Optics Design cp 1 12 Fisheye Lens Considerations uice tentare 2 13 Commercial Lens Types 4 14 etn tana 4 1 5 Variable Field of View 6 16 Accuracy 6 LI RezsImaging 8 18 Field cba s AT ng 11 19 imagelntensifiek OR 12 1 10 R lay tee 13 111 asuy ga 15 12 SBUlleTS eee e yaka 17 113 High Light Protection Light Sensor
148. ear shutter and found what we determined to be a flaw in the shutter design The coupling ring tends to rise in the upper right hand side when the relay arm pulls the ring CCW opening This rising action causes friction in the mechanism and creates a starting inertia that the relay can not always overcome It was found that applying a very light amount of pressure to the outside part of the ring at this point see Figure 2 15 relieves the friction and allows the shutter to operate freely It was noticed that there was wearing in the ring and metal flakes where the ring is held down by the washer CA Manual Arm VN Retaining washers Figure 2 15 KEO Modification to Melles Griot Shutter To fix this KEO fabricated two plastic lips one for each shutter to replace the metal washers The plasuc lip fastens down in the same position as one washer and extends over the coupling ring applying a little pressure on the ring This seems to have solved the shutter failures In the future teflon holders could be made if the plastic lips becorne unreliable 36 2 4 PhotoDiode Calibration The HAARP imager has a photo diode placed in the back shutter SH2 of the instrument to measure the average brightness of the intensifier phosphor This measurement gives us an idea of how bnght the image is and more importantly whether the image intensifier is operating in AGC automatic gain control mode and thus uot operating with linear gain A ty
149. een the Power board front and the TEC power supply Remove the three Phillips head 10 32 screws and slide the shutter assembly fowards off of the Cannon 85mm lens A close up lens will remain attached to the Cannon lens as the shutter slides off iv Remove Camera Head Remove the four 8 32 socket head screws holding the camera to the camera housing Disconnect the large black AMP connector on the base of the camera head and slide the head out the back of the housing v Remove the back Shutter From inside the U channcl remove the two LEMO connectors just foward of the circuit card cage that connect to the shutter Remove the three Phillips head 10 32 screws and slide the shutter assembly backwards vi Remove the Intensifier housing From inside the chassis remove the six 6 32 socket head screws holding the intensifier housing in These are centered around the main cooling fan three to a side but two of the foward screws are tricky to remove make the disassembly easier loosen the REX C10 Temperature Conwoller and slide it slightly of the control panel to gain more access to the two screws underneatli it 308 Once these screws have been removed the intensifier housing will pull off the chassis but there are two internal connectors still attached Gentiy pull the housing out as far as you can around 2 and reach in you might need pliers and release the two Bendix connectors to the intensifier housing vii
150. ence Dark Noise for the HA ARP camera head was measured verses temperature Cooling the reduces the dark count by about factor of 10 for every 20C temperature reduction The following data for CCD dark noise acquisition was taken with the CCD gain set at HI and using 1x1 binning Mass Sec This curve is shown in Figure 2 10 Examing the above results confirms the rule of thumb for cooling viz a factor of 2 decrease for every 6 a factor of 10 decrease for every 20 C Electrons sec Temperature C Figure 2 11 CCD Dark Count vs Temperature 2 1 7 HAARP Mean Vanance Calibration The electron charge in the CCD wells creates a voltage that is amplified by the CCD electronics and converted into digital units using a 12 bit Ans to Digital Converter ADC at a pixel rate of 1 L MHz The Mean Variance calibra on is a method used to determine the actual Analog to Digital Converter gain and noisc characteristics This indicates how many electrons in the CCD well correspond to an Analog to Digital Unit or ADU The basic principle of this calibration is as follows Linear ADC conversion ADU Gainx Ne where Ne number of electrons RMS noise of conversion Gain VN Variance is defined as RMS2 Therefore the ratio Variance x Ne Mean Gain x Ne The ratio of Variance Mean gives the gain in units of ADU electrons The ratio of Mean Va
151. enclature developed for MIPCTL to identify these different images is as follows QQ IIDD where QQ Quadrant HR Hi Res DA Data Lo Res Upper Left BK Back Lo Res Upper Right SC Scratch Lo Res Lower Left DS Display Lo Res Lower Right Image UL Upper Left UR Upper Right LL Lower Left LR Lower Right DD Depth 8 Bits BO B7 12 Bits BO B11 16 Bits BO B15 OVL 4Bits B12 B15 Thus using this nomenclature the image SC LR12 corresponds to Scratch Quadrant Lower Right image 12 Bits deep Using pixels locations in the frame buffer this would be an image Origin X 256 768 DX 256 DY 256 This image is represented by the following diagram This diagram represents the MIPCTL control box that facilitates selecting an image and is common to most of the image operations in the MIPCTL application The four boxes represent the images the gray box representing the currently selected image The button at the bottom of the box has text in it that represents the Quadrant selected Pressing this button brings up another box that allows you to select which quandrant you want Pixel Depth 8 Bits 12 Bits 16 Bits Quadrant Hi Res Whole Buff 1x1 Data Upr Left 2x2 Back Upr Right 2x2 Sertch Lwr Left 2x2 Display Lwr Right 2x2 changes in the quadrant is reflected the text in the button So the abov
152. ently defined words in the FORTH dictionary as well as control all aspects of the MIP camera add new words and store a new dictionary in the EEPROM This gives the user a very powertul ability to control the HAARP but this faciliry should be used with extreme caution If a problem arises and the dictionary in the EEPROM is corrupted so that you can no longer recover the system you can jump start the 68HC11 by disabling the chip select pin on the EEPROM and then rebuild the system from the basic FORTH kernel burnt in on the chip s ROM See Section 7 7 The FORTH code can then be downloaded from any computer as ASCII text files and then the new dictionary can be stored in the EEPROM Therefore it is important to keep the FORTH source files and the DSP binary on whatever computer is being used to controll the HAARP Imager The DSP program is also supplied for both reference and for future development The user can make changes to this code but this is a very risky step and you should always make sure that you do not change the latest binary KEO8 DSP as of 11 91 so that you can recover Once you have changed the DSP assembly language program you need to assemble it using the DSP assembler and then download this to the FORTH EEPROM using the FORTH word DNLD Once this is stored in the system s EEPROM the DSP can be initialized with this new binary by INITializing it For more information on the above please refer to MaxFORTH Reference Manual
153. er 3 TEC Unregulated power supply 4 KEO Powerl O CCA power supply 1 The REX C100 is fused with a 1A SB fuse It s power consumption is only 15VA but AC to the REX C100 also supplies the Filter Whee heaters 2 The 5V 15V power supply transformer is taken from a PowerOne power supply and is rated at SV 15 1A The transformer is fused with a 1A SB fuse The 5V regulator is mounted vertically inside the HAARP chassis and the 15V regulator board is mounted in the box on top of the chassis with the regulators heat sinked directly into the HAARP chassis from the inside 3 The TEC s in the HAARP are powered by a Photometrics unregulated power supply and fused at 1A SB To handle both the input coils of ihe transformer are connected in parallel to increase the current capacitity of the power supply The image intensifier TEC and the CCD TEC together draw about 8A at around 7 5 VDC They are connected in parallel to the output of the power supply 4 The KEO Power CCA has 20VAC 56 transformer and is fused on the circuit board with a 1A SB fuse When drawing no current the DC unregulated power supply charges up to about 32 35VDC This is used as a starting pulse for the shutters The stepper motor draws 1A per phase At 2A the unregulated power supply puts 24VDC which is the voltage specified for the motor There are also two LM317 voltage regulators U4 is set to 5 75 V and is used for tne CMO
154. er Image R 262pixels 246 Y 267 Intensifier Mask 248 pixels X 244 Y 266 Fisheye Image 243 pixels X 253 261 The mask distorts slighty when placed in the lens holder and thus does not form a perfect circle in the intensifier image As seen in Figure 2 23 the mask greatly reduces the edge affect of the image intensifier This image also points out the image centering problem talked about in Section 2 1 8 and fixed later during the calibration In addition to centering the image in the CCD the image needed to be centered somewhat in the intensifier image To do this the bayonet mount for the Canon 85mm lens was tightened with pressure applied towards the top of the intensvier housing and a 005 shim was put under the front shutter to raise the Close up lens slightly As can be scen from the above data the Fisheye image is now fairly well centered with respect to the CCD dx 2 pixels dy 46 pixels Using the data above the 25mm intensifier has a radius of 262 pixels or 10 5 pixels mm This gives an image size of 243 10 5 23 1 mm which confirms the optics design This also shows that the image is offset from the CCD s optical axis by 0 2mm X and 0 6mm Y gt 5454 Figure 2 23 Image Intensifier with Mask no front lens 2 5 5 Image Intensifier Flat Field System Flat field Getting an accurate flat field image of the system has always been a very challenging task for the calibratio
155. er focal length camera lenses are chosen but this is not always possible or desirable The curvature can be significantly reduced if a field curvature correction lens a plano concave element G in Figure 1 5 is placed just in front 1 2 mm of the final image plane For maximum resolution this field curvature corrector is desirable if allowed by physical restraints at the detector The focal length of the field curvature correcting lens for minimum field curvature was determined by trial and error and for the HAARP optics is f 100 mm A comparison of ray diagrams with and without the field curvature correction lens is shown in Figure 1 7 Figure 1 7 Field curvature correction 1 9 Image Intensifier The image intensifier used is a 25 mm Gen II Inverter tube Figure 1 8 This type of intensifier is superior to proximity focused tubes for gain and resolution and is also considerably less expensive If near infra red images were desirable then a hybrid tube consisting of an Gen GaAs proximity tube coupled to a single stage inverter tube is also available and interchangeable with the present tube The cathode is a thinned tri alkali for improved blue quantum efficiency and the output phosphor is a P20 for good time response with a decay time to the 10 level of 1 2 msec The intensifier is housed in a custom designed thermoelectric cooler that cools just the cathode to reduce dark noise but leaves the phosphor at ambien
156. era can thus be controlled by using both a communications program and INTRP in tandem This can be useful in developing new algorithms or in being able to take data in a way that the MIPCTL does not support The control program MIPCTL sets up the communications with the camera and enables the user to control all the basic features of the camera In addition this program gives a set of commands for the AFG board and data acquisition and analysis functions The MIPCTL program is viewed as an evolutionary program and it is expected that it will be developed further to add extended functionality as dictated by experience and field use situations 4 2 IBM AT Image Processing Hardware The HAARP Image Processing System is based upon an IBM 486 processor A Gateways2000 486DX2 50MHz machine is used but any AT system with a 386 or greater would be satisfactory The following is a brief description of the AT s hardware configuration Both a 3 5 and 5 25 floppy disk are mounted in the system The HAARP IP System uses a dual 1 2 space 3 5 5 25 TEAC floppy drive FD 505 supplied by JDR Microdevices configured for the default operation A 1 2MB and B 1 4MB MB Read Write Optical Disk A RICOH Magneto Optical Drive 5031 SN K9101148 with a SCSI interface is mounted internally This is fully compatible with the ASIPII Optical Disk system and the MIP Optical Disk System on other Air Force GL imagers which both use the SONY M O dri
157. esolution more than relay lens systems The following considers aspects of relay lers coupling For high efficiency and high resolution image transfer simple lenses or even achromats are unsuitable as they v suffer from large field curvature as well as other aberrauons compound lens such as camera or enlarging lens that is designed for close conjugate applications can be used but generally the effective F number will be high so the coupiing will be ineffic ent Typically two lenses are used i acollirnator lens io collect light from the image intensifier output screen ii acamera lens to image the light onto the CCD detector This arrangement allows beih lenses to be used at their infinity conjugate and so maximizes coupling efficiency and minimizws aberrations Normal camera lenses e g Nikon Canon cannot be used in tandem configuration as serious vignetting results A specially designed collimator lens that overfills the camera lens is required such as those available from Rodenstock Normal camera lenses can then be used as the final imaging lens though Rodenstock also supplies high speed camera lenses especially designed for use in tandem configuration with their collimator lenses See Figure 1 9 The ratio of focal lengths of the camera and collimator lenses determines the image magnification as follows m Focal length of camera lens Focal length of collimator lens 0 4 for the HAARP configuration
158. g sent to the 68HC11 If you cannot determine the required changes by comparing files contact Advanced Technologies 7 3 HAARP FORTH Code FORTH code for the HAARP was written by KEO Consultants to control the HAARP specific electronics and to provide a quick protected interface to communicate with the host processor The KEO Interface Control CCA talks to the 68HC11 through the parallel ports PB and PC where B is the address and C is the data An address demultiplexing GAL on the board deciphers whether data put on the bus is for the KEO Interface It has been programmed for address hex B400 and is stored in the constant B400 CONSTANT IOCTL VARIABLE MIPSTS VARIABLE MIPCTL The variable MIPSTS stores the lest read byte from the KEO Interface CCA and the variable MIPCTL stores the last written byte to the KEO Interface CCA These variables are used to mask in new command bits which control specific parts of the HAARP electronics Since serial communications is comparably slow a set of utilities was written to accept characters from the host without echoing The input command is a character which then gets mapped to a command list numerically using the FORTH CASE statement To receive numerical input from the host the word GETNUM is used It accepts all characters without echoing until cz is received GETNUM then converts this st ag into a number and leaves it on the stack The HAARP FORTH code s last dictionary words deal
159. gain the ADC saturates at 101 850 e or about half of the CCD well depth For 1x1 binning then we can characterise the use of these gains When we want to match the dynamic range of the CCD most closely with the ADC we should operate at MID gain When we are counting very few photons and want the greatest sensitivity of the instrument we should operate at HI gain understanding that the dynamic range of the instrument is halved However when struggling for every photon dynamic range is not usually an issue LO gain is setup for use in larger binning situations We typically collect data in 2x2 binning to conserve on acquisition time and archival space The summation well on the PM516A has four times the well depth of a pixel so that when we bin 4 pixels together 2x2 the summauon well can handle the increased dynamic range 870Ke LO gain has a dynamic range in 2x2 binning of 4095 x 91 which is 370Ke This is roughly double the dynamic range of the MID gain but one should note that for 2x2 binning the ADC will still saturate before the summation well 4 pixels deep so the full dynamic range of 2x2 binning is not realized These gains were confirmed radiometrically using a C14 Light source for comparison A sequence of images using the 486 7nm filter and the intensifier at a constant gain were taken for cach of the CCD gains and added together giving HI Gai MID Gai LO Gai Image stats 15428 ADU 7515 ADU 4089 ADU Gain
160. give 2 2R giving us about 9 of the pixels filled Caretully looking at these images and using histograms we can see that these numbers roughly agree Figure 2 4 4867 filter Int 0 Exp 1 sec 4 35R sec Stretched Black 22 White 45 67 Figure 2 42 4867 filter Int 0 CCD HI Exp 1 sec f8 9R sec Suetched Black 23 White 32 Figure 2 43 4867 filter Int 0 CCD HI Exp 1 sec 11 5R sec Stretched Black 23 White 301 58 Figure 2 41 shows the calibration setup for fairly good photon statis cs 35R source is integrated for 1 second giving a 35R sec image Note from Section 2 10 1 that a single 5577A photon event with the coupling Int 0 and CCI gain at HI wil produce a signal of 3 15 ADU depending on how many pixels the resultant photons cover Figure 2 42 shows the sensitivity of the instrument at 9R sec using a 1 second exposure Enlarging the center of the image and carefully counting the pixels that have received some photons reveals a percentage of pixels filled on the order of what was predicted for 9R sec in Section 2 10 2 Figure 2 43 shows the sensitivity of the instrument for SR sec using a 1 second exposure This image again confirms the results of Section 2 10 2 Note that the intensity of each photon event is the same as Figure 2 42 except that there are about 1 2 as many such events in the area of the source on the order of 20 Fig
161. gq 3 5756 Yaro Yvan Zoom Factor x2 0 47131 1 6803 Y use Yvan 2 Zoom Factor x4 0 23560 0 8377 Yo 4 Zoom Factor 1 2 0 1 8846 Xyg 6 3846 Yaro 2 These calibrarions are hard coded into the MIPCTL application and have been tested for consistency Because of the limited resolution there will be times when the translation between Vga2AFG or AFG2Vga will be one pixel off 6 6 Commercial Software Installed on the HAARP Imager This section will discuss the commercial software packages installed on the HAARP imager as delivered with this contract Qualitas 386Max Version 7 0 Directory CA386max 386Max is a DOS memory optimizer that restructures the DOS memory to allow more available memory space for applications in LO MEMORY 386Max helps programs to run quicker due to less memory swapping especially DOS programs It is loaded during the boot up of the computer and it s affects are transparent to the user If PIF s need to be created for DOS applications the PIF editor from Qualitas provides a much more powerful tool than Windows 3 1 PIF Editor Installing 386Max affects CONFIG SYS AUTOEXEC BAT SYSTEM INI and WIN INI Berkeley Systems AfterDark for Windows 2 0 Directory C afterdrk AfterDark is a screen saver that can be used under DOS or Windows 3 1 It is loaded during the bootup of the computer and can be reconfigured diasabled and enabled via the control
162. hat lets you select the destination 1 the exposure time and whether tc take an exposure or a dark exposure Ohse rveef ark Exposure Time 1 10 sec Een Observe C3 Display Image Information A mra die ss This dialog box stays ac ve throughout the exposure until you exit it This is convenient for taking many different exposures during a test The dialog box can be moved wherever you want even almost all the way off the screen so that the image being captured is fully visible The Display Image Information check box indicates whether MIPCTL should store a snap shot of the camera s status at the time of exposure store this in the image information buffer associated with this image and label the image overlay with the information ules The information parameters are things like ame exposure filter value temperatures location etc and are discussed in more detail in Section 6 2 Image information is usually importan if you want to archive this image and use it for later analysis If the image is used purely for temporary information such as focusing the image then it is quicker to not display and store this information Shade Shade produces a horizontal wedge pattern with every 64th pixel increasing in intensity by a value of 1 Thus each row will increase in intensity by 8 and a 512 row image will test out all of the pixel intensities from O to 4095 This is useful to te
163. he Rodenstock has a image size of 11mm which is smaller than the 14 4mm diagonal of the CCD and in this case the lens is completely filled you can notice the blurring of the lens at it s edges in the resolution image in Figure 2 7 This does not affect our images as the intensifier image does not completely fill the 42mrn lens image circle The theoretical limit of the CCD resolution is determined by the number of pixels in the image The 516 uses 512 pixels across it s image area each with a dimension of 20 20 giving 10 2mm CCD size Thus the maximum resolution for line pair black white for this CCD is 256 line pairs or 25 24 x Figure 2 7 CCD Resolution Image 2 1 5 CCD Bias Settings The Bias voltage is a zero offset voltage that is applied to the summation amplifier on the CCD before it is converted at the Analog to Digital Converter ADC and assures that we are operating above the threshold of the electronics The bias is somewhat arbitrarily set by Advanced Technologies along with the other clocking voltages documented in Sections 2 1 1 and 2 1 2 and should not be changed in the field Initial Bias Settings 6 24 92 were LO 105 MID 103 HIGH 114 These were lowered as discussed in Section 2 1 2 to improve the dynamic range of the instrument RMA Bias Setungs 11 7 92 LO 42 MID 42 HIGH 61 Biases were closely watched dunng the calibration of the instru
164. he shift in peak transmission for a cone of light of semi angle radians incident on a filter with thc conc axis at normal incidence is given by m 1 2 2 2 1 3 Commercial Lens Types There a number of commercial medium format camera lens ranges that give appropriate image sizes for the HAARP optics Table 1 below compares thesc possibilitics Efficiency is a measure of the total light collected by the lens into the image format of the lens or throughput so is proportional to Image Area divided by F number or d2 F Consideration of the various options leads to the selection of the Pentax 6x7 series as being overall most suitable for this application 1 4 Telecentric Optics The exit ray cones from a commercial fisheye lens arc made telecentric by thc addition of lenses near the image plane Figure 1 2 shows the nght hand part of the ray diagram of Figure 1 1 with the addition of two plano convex elements B in Figure 1 2 to produce telecentnc configuration Figure 1 2 Telecentnc element configuration Notes 1 A single bi convex lens would result in considerable spherical aberration 2 A single plano convex lens would have a very small radius of curvature to achieve the required small focal length and would have considerable spherical aberration but less than Case 1 3 Two plano convex lenses allows reasonable surface curvature and further reduce spherical aberration comp
165. hese are now very easy to add but there are many steps necessary to accomplish this To facilitate this follow this procedure 1 Dialog Box There must te some dialog box associated with setting up the parameters of the opsrations First create this dialog box defining the controls and dialog name Define NewOp res NewOp dig Nev Op h NEWOPBOX Dialog Box Nc DC_ List of controls in dialog box 2 Add the dialog files to MIPCTL H In MIPCTL H adc include NewOp h to the list of dialog headers BOOL FAR aqNewOpEntrryDizg to the list of dialog function declarations define IDM_NEWOP to the list of menu identifiers for the SETUP menu 3 Add the dialog resourc2 ar d menuID to MIPCTL RC Under t SETUPMENU add ENUITEM amp NewOp IDM NEWOP Under the list of rriu cludes add rcinclude NEWC DLG 167 4 Create the dialog function aqNewOpEntryDlg Write the framework for the dialog function to be used when the dialog box is open This sets up the input parameters for the acquisition table This function can be added to AQIMGMTH C or put in a new source file If a new source file is used be sure to add this to the MAKEfile In addition this new dialog function must be added to the list of cailback functions in the defin nion file MIPCTL DEF For examples of doing both of these things see aqLoopEntryDlg Notice how every operation dialog function makes hMathDlg equal the handle to the operation s d
166. ialog in the WM INITDIALOG message and sets hMathDlg to NULL when the operation gets a WM DESTROY messagc The narae hMathDlg is an unfortunate naming left over from when the only operations were nath operations and should be renamed to hOpDig in a future version of this software 5 Define the command identifier In AQUIS H add a new identier for the NewOp command All operation identifiers must have a negative value zero value is null entry and any positive value for the identifier is assumed to be an image acquisition and the identifier is taken as the filter value See for example define LOOP 7 6 Add dialog function declaration to AQSETUP C and AQRUN C Add the function declarations for aqNewOpEntryDlg to the top of these two files Again for example see BOOL FAR aqLoopEntryDlg HWND WORD 7 Define the operation entry variables An acquisition entry has the structure aqENTRY shown tzlow The variable names represent what these values are during an image acquisition but for operations these values can take on their own meanings ENIRYS Definiti typedef struct int nFilter int nGaoiLoc 1nt nintensifier int nDisplayMin int nDisplayMax int bRecord BOOL bDarkSubtract aqENTRY The only requirement is that e nFilter hold the operation identifier EN_NEWOP which must be less than zero to not be interpreted as an image acquisition event In the LOOP example above the following definit
167. image you can then select the RESTORE button and the image will be restored into the selected GAOI 77 CAMIPACALIBRATVSIASLOW IMG image Created 13 Jul 93 08 48 18 Filter noneA Version 5 2 Exp Time 20sec Gam 0 10 FOV 0 Camera HRP Camera Gain 9 Binning 1 1 CCD Temp 29 5C TEC Temp 42 5 Int Temp 55 5 Fit Temp 52 0 Location KEG Lab Comment Bias Low Gain If the image is not an Image Technology image file this function will not work and an error dialog will appear The first two bytes of an ITI image file have the characters TM to identify as an image file Refer to Section 6 1 for a full explanation of the image file format The image information header is looked at next to check that the header was written by the KEO Consuitants software package and which software version was used to look at this header there 1s a discrepancy between software versions or the header was not written by MIPCTL the header is written into the Comment field of the dialog box so the user can examine it Refer to Section 6 2 for documentation on the KEO Image Information Header 5 3 6 MIPCTL Plotting Windows MIPCTL s Plotting Windows The MIPCTL has a standardized plotting window feature that allows multiple plots of different types to be created and displayed These plot windows are standard Windows 3 1 windows and thus can be minimized scaled moved and resized A plot window ha
168. ins the initialization functions It looks like Camera C nt ol 272 x a3 Contro View Analyze Aquisition Zis EE Settings Close Initialize This menu item initializes the COM If the COM port is already opened to the applicauon this menu will be disabled and appear grey There may be umes when you would want to reinitialize your COM port For example you want to talk to the HAARP imager via a communications program such as TERMINAL to test some functionality without closing MIPCTL and thus loosing all the information presently in the frame buffer and MIPCTL buffers You would Close the COM port and when ready re initialize using Initialize Notice that when you close the COM port all menu items that rely on communications with the camera tum grey and are Disabled Settings Settings allows you to change the communications settings on the COM port This is normally not desired but there could arise ames when you want to use different COM port slower baud rate or the like Also this allows for future situations when the camera hardware might be slighty different the settings have been changed the port should be Closed and re Initialized Baud Rate 110 O300 O60 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 Data Bits Stop Bits Jos O7 8 ler O15 Parity None Comm Port Q odd COMI O Even Mark coM3 Cl
169. ions were made nFilter EN_LOOP nGaoiLoc The number of entries to loop back to nbxposure The number of times to execute the loop All other entries are ignored 8 Code the dialog function agNewOpEntryDig Write the code that handies the dialog function messages and sets up the current entry with the correct parameters defined 7 for the NewOp operation See aqLoopEntryDig in AQIMGMTH C an example 9 Add the menu option IDM NEWOP to SetupWndProc in AQSETUP C Find LOOP and copy this code changing LOOP to NEWOP wherever appropriate This function opens the dialog box NEWOPBOX when the menu item is selected After the dialog function is completed the new entry is added appropriate to the acquisition table Once added this entry is treated as any other entry as so all other code is identical 10 Add the NEWOP case to entryZstr in AQSETUP C function entry2str couverts the acquisiton table entry passed into a character string to be added to the listbox in the TableDlg This string should be some English oriented representation of the operation to be acted on For example in the LOOP case the string returned is LOOP back 3 entries 5 times assuming nFilter EN_LOOP nGaoiLoc 3 and nExposure 5 11 Add EN_NEWOP to the EntryDigProc in AQENTRY C The EntryDlgProc must be able to handle creating the operation dialog functions as well Look for the switch case that looks like s
170. is problem telecentric systems can be designed where the principal ray of all image forming cones across the field of view cross the image plane parallel to the optical axis Thus the maximum ray angles through the filter are determined only by the F number of the lens For low light level imaging it is desirable to operate at the lowest F numbers possible Lower F numbers mean higher ray angles through the filter and so require wider band filters However narrow band filters are readily availabie at much larger diameters than the imaging detectors so that high F number images at the filter can be re imaged to low F number images at the detector The Lagrange Invariant is conserved r sin amp constant where is the image size and is the half angle of the image forming cone Thus the philosophy of the HAARP optical system was to use the largest diameter filters readily available lt 4 at the desired bandwidths 2 0 nm to fill the filter area with a higher F number telecentric image and then to re image at low F number onto the detector In this way we can effectively form monochromatic images of wide angle fields up to 189 fish eye onto a 25 mm image intensifier cathode at an effective F numbers as low as F1 2 1 2 Fisheye Lens Considerations Much of the operation of the HAARP instrument will be with a fisheye lens 180 field of view The following describes properties of various configurations of such lenses
171. ist a baud ote 252 HAARP CY545 EEPROM Rev 3 2 254 HAARP Filter Wheel EPROM 27C16 essere 255 Control Panel Layoqt dade icio sie oberste 256 Control Panel Schematuic 257 Power 262 Power VO 5 263 Photodiode Amplifier Schematic iia t Feb ear E TUAE 265 HAARP 5 Filter Wheel Schematic a 266 Chapter 10 Advanced Technologies Hardware Schematics 10 1 HAARP Imager Hardware Block Diagram 268 10 2 Advanced Technologies Hardware Block Diagran 269 10 3 Mother Board Schematic 270 10 4 68HC11 Controller CCA Schematic 273 x 105 ConBoller PAL Program exe iGR 276 116 ORHCTI Pin Layout 27 10 7 Signal CCA eie rire reped tuta aud 278 10 8 Clock Timing Generator CCA Schematicc 280 109 Interconnect Assembly 281 10
172. l i Y 2 Directory CNgsw GSW is DLL that is used for plotting and charting routines This is used by the MIPCTL application for all plotting windows and is crucial to the execution of the plotting features of MIPCTL The Graphics Server GSW EXE is launched by MIPCTL whenever there is a plot window opened This server appears as an iconized window and handles all the messages and drawing of the plot windows GSW has advanced plotting features that give MIPCTL and the programmer for HAARP a library of routines that facilitate the development of plotting applications GSWDLL DLL and GSW EXE are installed in c wwindows GSW H is installed cNnsveNinclude and GSWDLL LIB is installed in cmsvceNib Lead Technologies LeadTools DLL v3 1 Directory LeadTools DLL is a DLL package that facilitates handling windows with images using all the major formats such as bitmaps tiff fitts The DLL provides window zooming scrolling rotation contrast brightness as well as archiving and restoring This package was to be used to develop the handling of HAARP images in a VGA window as well as in the AFG video to provide more features and capabilites Lead Technologies also provides this DLL with an upgrade that includes compression capabilities LEADDLL DLL FIXED DAT and FIXEDYUV DAT installed in cNwindows L BITMAP H L ERROR H and L TOOLAP H are installed in cNnsvcNnclude and LEADDLL LTIB is installed in cmsvcNib Syma
173. lanatory to use With a limited learning curve the user should be able to become productive with the MIPCTL software The MIPCTL software tries to strictly adhere to the IBM CUA guidelines so that all key strokes and mouse actions are consistent with the Windows Interface If users becomes limited by the constraints of the MIPCTL application more flexibility can be gained by opening Window s Terminal program to talk directly to the HAARP imager using the FORTH commands and opening Imaging Technology s Intrp interpreter to talk directly to the AFG board using imaging T ITEX language For this the user should refer to the appropriate manuals fc instruction 5 2 Using Windows 3 1 and MIPCTL 2 1 Starting Microsoft Windows 3 1 Upon powering the computer it will go through it s booting procedure until finally ending up in the Windows environment Many windows will be displayed and the Windows Program Manager will be operating If Windows is not running type win lt cr gt 5 2 2 Starting MIPCTL The MIPCTL control Program is iocated in tte MIPCTL Development group box and under it s icon the name MJPCTL should appear To start the MIPCTL program double click or use the Windows key strokes on tae icon An hour glass icon will appear as the software iniualizes tself There are many stages of initialization The longest initialization occurs the first ume MIPCTL is started after the computer is rebooted This is due
174. lg clear afg memory dialog box ccdset dlg CCD Settings dialog box clearovl dlg Cle r IooWnd graphics dialog box ove tay cursor d g Cursor dialog box disimage dlg Display Image dialog box fileopen dlg image open dialog box filesave dlg image save dialog box Histogrm dlg Get a Historgram dialog box unaginfo dlg Image Information dialog box ImgMath dlg Image Arithmetic dialog box labelim dlg Label Image with Iminfo dialog box loop dlg Loop operation AQ dialog box LUTSelct dlg Select an Output Input LUT dialog box ManlInfo dig Manual Dimensions for plot windov s dialog box MipCnul dlg Filterwheel and Intensifier control dialog box Observe dig Observe Dark dialog box pause dlg Pause operaticn AQ dialog box PlotArb dlg Get Arbitrary Plot dialog box 152 PitParam dlg Get Row Column Plot dialog box quadrant dlg Quadrant select dialog box SelctROI dlg Select a ROI dialog box Settings dlg Comm Settings dialog box Shutters dlg Shutters control dialog box SnapGaoi dig Snap GAOI Utility dialog box SndMip dlg Dialog Box for Sending Command to camera Stats dig Statistics dialog box Suetch dlg Stretch LUT dialog box Tempture dlg Temperature display dialog box video dlg Video attributes dialog box Directory CAMIPMIPCTDDATA AQ AQUIS AQ entry window dialog box modeless aqequip dlg AQ set equipment dialog box aqrun dig
175. lumen PHOTOCATHODE SENSITIVITY WAVELENGTH PHOTORESPONSE nm ma watt 900 1 830 12 800 17 700 28 600 41 550 47 500 50 450 51 400 66 350 69 EBI Equivalent Background Input 1 6 x 10 11 lumens cm2 NC 5 10 8 INPUT ILLUMINATION 90 000 INPUT CURRENT 16 milliamps e 5 X 107 INPUT ILLUMINATION 6 665 INPUT CURRENT 15 milliamps OUTPUT BRIGHTNESS e 5 10 4 INPUT ILLUMINATION 1 2 F L INPUT CURRENT 14 milliamps 8 5 X 10 3 INPUT ILLUMINATION 1 2 F L INPUT CURRENT 14 milliamps 5 X 1072 INPUT ILLUMINATION 1 4 F L e 10 X 100 ILLUMINATION OFF CATHODE AND SCREEN QUALITY OK CENTER RESOLUTION 32 LP MM Figure 2 18 VARO Intensifier Specifications 4 2 5 2 P20 Phosshor Spectra Curve Id dt st A C I E COORDINATES Yellow Green a pa ee a el es ar mm Hn a L 1 4 ADMIN 3 11 134 LENGTH WAVE Figure 2 19 P20 Phosphor Spectral Output 42 2 5 3 Image Intensifier Resolution and CCD Resolution The Image Intensifier is quoted from VARO as having a center resoiution of 32 lp mm at Modulation Transfer Function of 2 5 which is what the eye can just detect VARO quotes their tubes at three diffierent resolutions 2 5 lp mm MTF 90 7 5 MTF 60 15 ip mm 25 KEO projected a TV pattern directly onto the front of the image intensifier and looked at the intensifier
176. lution accounting for fitting the rectangle in a circle rather than the circle in the rectangle corresponds to about 300 lines 300 lines over the 25 mm intensifier comes out to about 12 lp mm which is close to the theoretical limit of the CCD One can sec higher resolution by looking at the intensifier directly which confirms that the CCD is the limiting factor for the imagers resolution 2 5 4 Image Intensifier Mask On the resolution image in Figure 2 20 one notices a bright ring around the edge of the intensifier It was found during calibration that this ring is dependent on light at the edges photocathode In Figure 2 21 one can see this effect more dramatically 44 Figure 2 21 Image Intensifier Edge effects KEO has noticed this problem frequently when using VARO intensifiers An engineer at VARO confirmed that their tubes do have this problem and that it is related to the cleaning process of the micro channel plates that increases the sensitivity at the edges of the image Since the actual image from the front optics is imaged to be 23mm in size on the photocathode of the intensifier it was decided by KEO to put a mask on the front of the intensifier that would block iight from hitting the edges of the photocathode The actual image size was first measurec on the intensifier as shown in Figure 2 22 Measurements from Image Z 473 Intens 35 to 436 Front of the physical Image 5 to 425 Image Intensifier
177. m 12 bit Linear 8 bit Default and 12 bit Psuedo Color Refer to the ITEX Software manual to get a description of the 8 bit default OUTPUT LUT definitions Figure 5 1 shows a 12 bit Linear gray scale LUT and Figure 5 2 shows a 12 bit psuedo color LUT The final LUT affects the INPUT LUT or the LUT that transforms incoming 109 pixels into the frame buffer This is used to rescale an image Tc do this you press the STRETCH LUT button and a new dialog appears which allows you to select the source and destination locations they can be the same i e if you have already saved your data to enter manually the minimum and maximum values fcr the LUT or to use the graphical display to set the LUTs by moving the Min and Max arrows Once you hav the desired values press SET and MIPCTL will Snap the source image into the destination image passing it through the INPUT LUT Cursor This item pops up display box and changes the cursor to a cross hair The display box gives the x y location of the pixel in the frame buffer s coordinates and gives the intensity of the pixel at that point To end the cursor routne click the mouse once x 309 Y 138 Int 110 Utilities The Utilities sub menu looks like Clear Overlay Snap Label Image Clear Image This is a utility to clear different areas of the frame buffer You can determine what the final pixel value of this area will be by changing the
178. mbedded processor is used as the control computer for the system Figure 3 2 The 68HC11 handles all the communication to the outside world and all control units inside HAARP camera The 68HC11 talks directly to the host computer via a serial interface It monitors temperatures and other analog parameters via its 8 channel 8 bit ADC Using it s multiplexed paralle inputs the 68HC11 talks to the DSP 56001 on the Advanced Technologies control board and in addition talks to the KEO Interface control board which controls the imager s filter wheel intensifier and shutters The DSP chip controls ROW BK BYTES x 2 BYTES EEPROM 2 BYTES PULSE ACCUMULATOR par FOURVALENT TO lt lt s x s Figure 3 2 Architecture 74 all timing states and control signals for the CCD camera head These signals are used on the Clock Timing board and then sent to the Signal board where they are sent out to the CCD camera head The Signal board also takes the imaging data and control lines described above and sends them out to the host frame grabber 3 3 CCD Camera Head The Advanced Technologies CCD camera head consists of two sections The back part of the unit contains all the analog and interface electronics for the CCD The front part of the unit is an evacuated chamber containing ihe CCD chip and the thermoelectric cooling head TEC The warm
179. ment as there seems to be some fluctuation in their values Bias images were archived during the Mean Variance calibrauon Section 2 1 7 and were found io be MV Bias Readings 7 13 93 LO 13 MID 1 HIGH 23 Figure 2 8 Mid Bias image from 7 13 93 Tccd 29 5C stretched black 10 white 15 Figure 2 8 shows an expanded image of the bias at Mid Gain As in the flat field image we again see horizontal patterns that are intrinsic to the CCD readout A column plot from a HI CCD gain Bias image in Figure 2 9 also shows the horizontal patterns intrinsic to the CCD COL Plot Num Points 512 3 9 mL TE Vom ae ET Pixel aec 5 oh 00 eae p i 21 284 512 Figure 2 9 Column plot from HI Bias image 8 27 93 26 Bias Readings 8 27 93 LO 15 74 MID 13 2 24 48 On 9 1 93 we looked at the BIAS levels verses time The following results were found IAS readin CCD Temp LO Bias MID Bias HI Bias 28 5C 1 1 8 0 19 5 8 23 1 6 29 5 2 78 8 1 03 1 0 9 77 1 6 29 5C 3 61 9 1 73 1 1 10 8 1 6 29 5C 5 45 8 3 26 1 2 12 6 1 6 Powered Down Up and found MID Bias 5 42 1 2 Let Camera sit for 20 minutes and take BIAS readings repetitively CCD Temp LO Bias MID Bias HI Bias 265C 104 8 8 2 1 2 18 5 1 6 2655 10 6 8 8 4 1 2 18 7 1 6
180. n of the instrument Assuming all non uniformiues in front of the image intensifier have spherical symmety vignetting curves a good flat field of the system from the image intensifier back will be fairly accurate Of course the non uniformity of the filters are not taken into account in this analysis One could isolate the non uniformity of the intensifier by taking into account the 7 vignetting of the re imaging optcs Section 2 2 and using the CCD flat field image Section 2 1 3 VARO Image Intensifier tubes are not rated to be very uniform as they are produced for a mil spec standard where uniformity is not a necessary requirement The factory specification for uniformity is to within 2 1 Visual inspection of the HAARP image intensifier revealed an unsually uniform tube compared to most of the tubes KEO Consultants has received in the past 47 To get an intensificr flat field the curvature correction lens had to be removed Figure 2 24 demonstrates the calibration setup used cut down on ambient room light distorting this flat field the calibration was done at night with great care taken to minimize contaminating light sources Shutter 100mm LED Ic Aperture Window Figure 2 24 Image Intensifier flat field Setup The intensifier tube used in the HAARP imager was delivered with a back fiber optics plate mis alignment of greater than 005 002 out of specification Because of this there is
181. nals to the KEO Power I O board This interface isolates any power supply noise of the shutters and stepper motors from the analog voltages which are used in the CCD camera head and are very noise sensitive 3 8 Power I O board The Power I O board has the shutter drivers the stepper motor drivers and 12V supply for the CCD cooling fans Both the HAARP and the MIP Imagers have been upgraded to use the Power I O Rev A Board There are five fuses on the circuit board to protect the input transformer AC each of the shutter coils 32V peak 4V holding and stepper motor coils 24V unregulated During parked modes for the filter wheel the coils are turned off via the Stop interface signal and the intrinsic friction of the motor and gears is used to hold the FW in place This saves on heat power dissipation of both the driver UCN5804B and the stepper motor coils each 24V 1A or 48W The RevA version of the Power I O board has diodes between the UCNS804B and the StepperMorer This was necessitated by a change in the manufactured configuration of the UCN5804B In addition dropping resistors were inserted be ween the shutter and the shutter supply to allow for different shutter coil resistances i e switching from UniBlitz shutters to Melles Gnov 78 3 9 Filter Wheel The HAARP filter wheel has three basic components stepper motor position monitoring and temperature control The stepper motor connects directly to the Power LO bo
182. ndles functions for running acquisition table aqsetup c handles functions for the setup window aqtable c handles functions for the table of event entries aquis c general definitions for acquisition window code MIPCTLEXE P evel Header Files for C Cod Directory CNMIPAMIPCTL ccdcmds h header for CCD command characters errids h header for error string ID numbers library h header for file library includes mipctl h function definitions and system defines mipextrn h external variable declarations mipgibis h global variable declarations used mipmain c miphead h general header file used for most C code gaoi h header file for GAOI custom control functions Directory CMMIPMIPCTLNDATA AQ aquidds h header file for aqsetup window control idd s agsetup h header file for aqsetup window functions aqtable h header file for aq table functions aquis h header file for acquisition structures agfile h header file for aq table file i o functions Resource files created by Microsoft C7 s Dialog Editor Directory C MIP MIPCTL about res afgclear res ccdset res clearovl res cursor res disimage res FileOpen res FileSave res Histogrm res imaginfo res ImgMath res labelim res loop res LUTSelct res Manllinfo res Observe res pause res PlotArb res PltParam res quadrant res SelctROLres Settings res Shutters res SnapGaoi res SndMip res Stats res Stretch res Tempture res video res ab
183. necessary for program development of the MIPCTL EXE application the following files are required Directory gaoi DEF Definition file for the DLL executable gaoi Extemal NMAKE file for building DLL LibEntry obj DLL entry assembly code gaoi DLL Final DLL copied into Windows directory gaoi LIB Final Library file copied into c mip mipctl gaoi Res Compiled resource file for DLL using Resource Compiler gaoi c DLL C code File 1 gaoi2 c DLL C code File 2 gaoi rc Resource file gaoi h DLL function definition hdr file copied into c nip mipctl gaoi dlg Custom Control Dialog box dialog h Dialog box IDD definition header file quadsel h Quad Select Dialog box IDD definition header file quadsel dlg Quad Select Dialog box quadsel res Resource file for dlg box create from Dialog Editor Image Overlay Object Development Directory 100 Image Overlay Object Code 147 ioo h Image Overlay Object function definition header file ioownd c IOO Window Code ioownd h IOO Window function definition header file MIPCILEXE Program Development _C source code Directory 2030 5 4 93 120232 fiedg c 16008 7 15 93 55 42pm mparize c 71440 7 2 93 141010 D mpced c 12073 7 27 93 33712pm L 15353 7 23 83 1200 30 mpcommc 15206 5 10 93 2 56 04 mpdispl c 41545 7 23 93 1154 30am D
184. ng character Gets the exposure time in deciseconds checks and makes sure there is no zero length exposure returning a 1 error If it is a valid exposure time a dark exposure is taken and a terminating character is emitted Sets the CCD to the default readout parameters initially set by Advanced Technologies The CCD will subsequently be readout as a 1 1 binned 512x512 image Gets the exposure time in deciseconds checks to see if the exposure is lt 2 deciseconds returning a 1 error if true If it is a valid exposure time the shutters are closed with no Status check the CCD is cleared and the shutters are opened After 100 msec the shutters are checked and error codes are returned if they are not both opened B2 flags error BO B1 give shutter status If both shutters are opened the expose time minus 100 msec is waited and the shutters are subsequently closed The CCD is not read 189 FOCUS 5 SET ERR HWED Focus is not presently implemented and just emits the terminating character The read rate of the MIP is so fast that it has not been necessary to implement Also the user can use the aquisition table to continuously run an entry if focus is really desired The basic sequence for an observe is o get exposure time in deciseconds i check exposure limit gt 100 ii close the the shutters and clear the CCD 11 open the front shutter and check iv read the intensifie
185. ng wavelengths and estimated at Wavelength 109 events _ 20 events 4282 4 R sec 8 R sec 4857 2 5 R sec 5 5 5300 2 5 5 R sec 5581 2 5 R sec 5 R sec 6304 4 R sec 9 7778 8 R sec 16 5 Chapter 3 Hardware 3 1 Overview The HAARP Imager viewed as a black box is a very basic instrument There is an AC power input and just one cable that connects the instrument to a computer This cable consists of two components communications and data The communications port is RS 422 port set up 9600 Baud 8 Bits 1 Stop Bit and No Parity Thus to any connecting device the camera looks like a terminal running the FORTH environment and can be treated as such The data component of the cable has all the data lines and control lines necessary to transfer data to a 12 bit digital input frarne grabber board In our case this frame grabber is Imaging Technology s AFG board The data signals are 0 00 through D11 D11 Differential data lines Pixel Clock Pixel Clock Pixel Clock Line Enable Line Enable Line Enable Frame Enable Frame Enable Frame Enable The HAARP Imager can be thought of as a standard terminal and a somewhat generalized image data port In theory the imager can be controlled by any computer and a wide array of image processing boards There are presently about 4 or 5 different compatible boe ds for the IBM PC architecture as well as boards available for the Macintosh an
186. ns 180 degree T icld of View FOV was used in the experiments Next comes the list of aq events These events are a little cryptic as they are translated when read back into the acquisition window However from a programmer s point of view this information could be useful The Edit Menu Insert Delete Copy Paste Cug The Edit menu allows you to use the standard Windows GUI commands to cut paste copy insert and delete events in the aq list These commands work like any standard Window s listbox To leam more about the functionality of these commands refer to the Windows Documentation or better yet experiment with them Equipment puts up a dialog box that allows the user to change the system parameters and camcra configuration Aquisition Table Setup CUSP9SJAQT 5 File MEME Operations Run Insert Ins Delete Del Copy Ctri ins Cul ShifteDel Equipment Setup Filter Value r en 241630 x3 25 77 Fleld of View Location Ramey Solar Obs _ Comment CRESS Campaign 92 __ Filter values can be any text up to 8 characters long but are typically inst 4 characters representing the filter wavelength in Angstroms If you wanted to be mure informative you could for example label a filter OI 6300 where is the standard notation for the atomic Oxygen line The field of view edit field FOV represents
187. ntec MultiScope Debugger v2 0 1 Directory CNnscope MultiScope Debugger is a sophisticated debugger for the Windows 3 1 operating system It replaces CodeView for Windows and has enhanced capabilities MultiScope was used to debug MIPCTL application before the installation of Microsoft VISUAL C C which has iis own embedded debugger MSCOPE is much more powerful than the Visual C debugger it was found not to be necessary for most purposes MSCOPE has been left on the system in the event that it could become useful for future applications It was also found that there is a problem running MSCOPE when using an application that uses the Graphics Server GSW Neither company could find a reason for this incompatibility Installing MuttiScope Debugger for Windows affects the SYSTEM INI file 158 Microsoft Visual C C 1 00 Directory C msve Visual C C is Microsoft s latest C C development environment and is the first truly Windows 3 1 development system from Microsoft The MIPCTL application was initially developed using Microsoft s PWB v6 0 and then PWB v7 Both these systems however were DOS applications and were not very good and have been deleted from HAARP s hard drive Visual C C has been found to be a much easier and robust development environment Microsoft s C development environments were first chosen because Imaging Technology s ITEX AFG software require the use of their compilers TTEX AFG has now evolved to the p
188. ntrols at the HAARP Imager The power is supplied by a 3V supply on the KEO Control Panel board and the ground returns through a 5 Ohm resistor which monitors the actual current through the intensifier and activates an LED on the control panel An improvement would be to connect this to TTL status signal to the host via the 68HC11 interface The gain signals return to the KEO Control and goes through the currently selected 50K potentiometer 3 11 Shutters There are two shutters in the HAARP system Shutter 1 is defined as the front shutter closest to the filtet wheel and blocks light to the front of the image intensifier Shutter 2 is defined as the shutter closest to the CCD head and blocks light to the CCD The shutters can be controlled either by the computer or manually The shutters are each fused with a 1A SB fuse to protect the shutter coil These fuses are located on the Power 1 0 board in the Imager The shutters used the HAARP Imager are Melles Gnrot 404 IESOOS5 shutters and at a location in the optical path so as to minimize exposure spatial non uniformity resulting from the finite shutter speed Each shutter has two connectors one for the solenoid and micro switch and one for a photo diode amplifier board Only the back shutter Shutter2 has a photodiode amplifier connected This is used to measure the luminance of the intensifier phosphor 80 The Melles Griot shutter control nses
189. o an AC heater pad glued to the inside of the filter wheel For operation of the REX C100 see the REX C100 user s manual 3 10 Image Intensifier Control The image intensifier is housed inside a thermo electrically cooled housing that cools only the input cathode to about 259C below ambient thus reducing image intensifier dark current by a factor of about 10 15 There are gas connection fittings on the side of the image intensifier cooler to flush the input window and image intensifier fiber optics input with dry N2 in case of condensation in humid environments 79 Note Due to a fabrication error by Products for Research the connectors to the HAARP Intensifier Cooler are different than the MIP Intensifier Cooler Because of this the two coolers are NOT directly interchangable Power to the TEC comes from a Photometrics unregulated TEC supply RTD connections are routed into the power cabie on the intensifier housing labelled PWR and connect to the KEO Control Panel CCA where instrumentation amplifier 014 amplifies its signal and sends it to the KEO Interface Control CCA The image intensifier is 25 1 GenII VARO tube and connects to the KEO Control Panel CCA via the housing connector labelled INT The intensifier cable has the standard 4 wires to connect to an image intensifier Power Gnd and two gain connections The intensifier has 4 gain settings 0 3 which can be controlled either the computer or via the manual co
190. o four quadrants UL Upper Left UR Upper Right LL Lower Left LR Lower Right There are four predefined depths used with the MIP application 8 Bits 12 Bits 16 Bits Overlay Plane B12 B15 Predefined abbreviations are used for these area and use the nomenclature GULI2 Generalized Area of Interest Upper Left quadrant 12 bits deep would have the coordinates 0 0 to 512 512 GLROVL Generalized Area of Interest Lower Right quadrant Overlay would have the coordinates 512 512 to 1024 1024 This nomenclature is used throughout the MIPCTL application 4 3 3 Image Memory definitions for MIPCTL applications Since the casual user in the field does not need to be concerned about the above nomenclature a number of image areas have been predefined for the MIPCTL application which are optimized for the kinds of images that the instrument is likely to be taking Understanding this predefined structure is central to using the MIPCTL application Since the HAARP and MIP imagers have a 512x512 CCD digitized to 12 bits we can define two types of likely images to be collected by the instrument At full resolution we have 512x512 pixels and at low resolution we use 2x2 binning which combines 4 adjacent pixels into one super pixel This achieves a lower resolution of 256x256 pixels and quadruples the dynamic range of the CCD not the dynamic range of the ADC converter which being 12 bits is always 4096 1 For high
191. o h MipCnul h Observe h pause h PlotArb h quadrant h SelctROLh Settings h about dialog box Clear afg memory dialog box CCD Settings dialog box clear IooWnd graphics dialog box overlay Cursor dialog box Display Image dialog box Definitions for display im quad boxes Image save restore dialog definitions Get a Historgram dialog box Image Information dialog box Image Arithmeuc dialog box Label Image with ImInfo dialog box Loop operation AQ dialog box Select an OutpuvInput LUT dialog box Manual Dimensions for plot windows dialog box Filterwheel and Intensifier control dialog box Observe Dark dialog box Pause operation AQ dialog box Get Arbitrary Piot diaiog box Get Row Column Plot dialog box Quadrant select dialog box Select a ROI dialog box Comm Settings dia og box 151 Shutters h Shutters control dialog SnapGaoi h Snap GAOI Utility dialog box Stats h Statistics dialog box Stretch h Suetch LUT dialog box Tempture h Temperature display dialog box video h Video attributes dialog box Directory CMIPMIPCTLIDATA AQ agentry h AQ entry window dialog box modeless aquis agequip h AQ Set Equipment dialog box M PCTLEXE Program Development ____Dialos files for dialog t oxes Dialog files created by Microsof C7 s Dialog Editor Directory about dig about dialog box afgclear d
192. o the FORTH environment If not there is space to execute the system cop utility This is not presently implemented 7 3 6 Autostart handling Words MIPINIT MIPINIT is the initialization routine for the system This is the first word to get executed upon power up MIPINIT retrieves the FORTH dictionary from the EEPROM and moves it into the system RAM The hardware is initialized using the FORTH word INIT which loads up the the DSP code into its RAM and then initializes the DSP Once this is completed the command loop MIP is initiated MSTART MSTART stores the starting address of the initialization routine MIPINIT in the autostart location of the 68HC11 This is the first address that is looked at upon power up and is used to execute MIPINIT This function should always be last in the dictionary and executed after a STORE to preserve the new dictionary structure 7 4 System Cop explanation The system cop is a feature of the 68HC11 that allows the processor to reset itself if the program hangs up This is done by having your program constantly writing a known pattern to a reserved location If your program hangs this location is no longer modified and the 68HC11 recognizes that the program has hung initiating a COLD boot This feature needs to be implemented using the WIPE utility which is located on the IBM PC Unfortunately to enable and disable the system cop you need to write to it s registers within the first few sysiem ticks see
193. o the image This feature is useful for example if the image is to be distributed to another scientist who does not want to spend time deciphering MIPCTL s image header The text imprinted into the image data will readily iden fy the image and work on any image processing system that can rcad 16 bit images 5 3 5 The Analyze Menu functions The Analyze menu controls the basic image processing functions It looks like 4 MIP Camera Contiol 2 View Aauisition Select s Statistics B Histogram Row Plot Math Arbitrary Save Data Qpen Plot Restore Data image info Select ROI Select ROI Region of Interest lets you select a ROI either by using the mouse or by entering the coordinates of the ROI from the keyboard icu t Select ROI RO I A colored rectangle will appear in the overlay window where the ROI is defined You can also delete the defined ROI with this rnenu item With the current software v5 3 2 each image can have one ROI presently defined If the ROI is already defined it s coordinates will appear in the edit fields when the image is selected Once the ROI is defined it stays in memory until you delete it by hitting the Delete button in thc Select ROI dialog box Any subsequent call that uses a ROI will use this defined ROI If no ROI is defined a warning will appear and you should execute this dialog
194. of the plot Type Date Time Filter Wavelength In addition the Exposure time and the Intensifier gain are displayed Exp 1 0 Int 0 The next status line indicates the number of points in the plot When the cursor is dragged over the actual plot area in the window the right hand side of this status line displays information about the cursor position such as the data in the plot the pixel location the cursor position in Pixel Values and the data s intensity AutoScale amp Manual Scale The plot window initially comes up autoscaling the data At anytime if you want to re autoscale the plot you can just hit the right hand mouse button inside the plot window To manually scale the plot using the mouse position the cursor on the start point xmin ymin of the plot depress the left mouse button and drag the cursor to the end point xmax ymax of ihe plot As you do this a yellow window will appear that represents the new plot window to be created as demonstrated in the following figure EJ bi ARB Plot From HR UL16 File Scaling ARB Plot 31 Dec 69 16 00 00 Exp 0 0 Dx 0 4000 Nem Powt 460 3 349 776 299 95 3095 Pixel Value 488 340 A new window will be created with the re scaled plot 0 ARB Plot From Gooi HEGULI Scaling ARE Plot 31 Dec 69 16 00 00 A Exp 0 0 Int 0 33128 Nem Poms 104 8 233 c 261 256 Cazo 1732 Data 483 Pixel Value pe 1200 1
195. oint of being a Windows DLL and is not compiler dependent hence the choice of development environments is more flexible Symantec and Borland also make good Windows C development environments the Acquistion software for MIPCTL was actually developed under Borland Visual C C is being used in view of the historical development of MIPCTL Installing Visual C C affects AUTOEXEC BAT and SYSTEM INI ODESSA v1 26 Directory C odessa ODESSA is the Magneto Optical Driver for the RICOH MO Drive The actual driver is MOD SYS and is loaded in the CONFIG SYS file There are several utilities such as MOD EXE run with the correct switch from M BAT that allows formatting and partitioning of MO Disks FASTCOPY EXE BFORMAT EXE and HDD EXE which allow fast copying background formatting and SCSI hard drive setup ODESSA 1 necessary for the usc of MO drive Once MOD SYS 15 installed the MO Drive is used just like any other installed drive in the DOS Windows 3 1 operating system Installing ODESSA affects CONFIG SYS Microsoft Source Profiler Directory c profiler The Source Profiler is supplied with the Microsoft C development enviroment to check the performance of a C application 159 Imaging Technology ITEX AFG v2 2 2 Directory c visnplus ITEX AFG is the core to programming with the AFG Image Processing board supplied with the HAARP imager All header files link libraries configuration files debuggers interpreters and DLL e
196. ommand to the CY545 controller U8 which then steps the filter wheel into the new position Presently the EEPROM program just stops if there is a problem with the position or the command location The logic behind this is that if there is a problem in either of the systems we do not want the controller to endlessly try and position the stepper motor and perhaps result in a catastrophic failure We could add a control line from the 68HC11 that can position the filter wheel This would give an independent host controlled system to control the filter wheel in the event of some failure in the interface clectronics There is a reset switch for the CY545 Stepper Motor controller located the Interface Board 77 The Interface Board is delivered with the following jumper settings i OUT Control Panel RTD Excitation Current Bypass J2 IN RTD Excitation Current Source J3 OUT CCD Head RTD Excitation Current Eypass 14 IN Analog and Digital Ground Common 3 7 Control Panel The control panel which is accessible from the outside via a magnetically closed panel cover contains the filter wheel temperature controller and all the electronics to manually control the shutters the image intensifier the filter wheel All the power supplies and system temperatures can be monitored on the control panel In addition there is an opto isolated voltage shifting interface which sends the shutter and stepper motor control sig
197. ons 8 2 through 8 7 Lkeoade 1501 3 30 31 31 5540pm L keoadc8 1901 4 3 32 22948pm keoasm 5916 9 30 31 1052 58 keoasma 5902 8 24 92 11 06 12am keocmd7 6047 8 24 42 12 23 02 keodsp 7210 9 30 91 10 54 04 C 7 6626 9 30 91 10 54 38 keotim7 6954 5 30 91 10 55 22 8 8 2 Advanced Technologies DSP Code The following are the DSP56001 files provided by Advanced Technologies These files are all the files associated with the development of th gt downloaded DSP code and are provided for reference only The DSP Assembler and Simulator programs are MacIntosh based All development for the DSP code was done on Macs INTEQU ASM IOEQU ASM KEO ASM KEO LOD KEO LST KEO DSP asm 1112 9 30 91 105654am 8978 9 30 91 105716 16106 9 30 91 10 58 04 keo8 asm 16391 10 2 91 4 11 18 O keo dsp 2999 9 30 91 1056 30 3 keo8 dsp 3164 10 2 91 4 12 28 keo lod 3046 9 30 91 10 58 46 D k208 3206 10 2 91 4 11 46 keo7 tst 32540 5 22 91 951 50am keo8 ist 34831 10 2 91 411 46 DSP Interrupt Equates provided by Motorola DSP I O Equates provided by Motorola DSP Assembler code developed by Adv Tech DSP Binary code outputted from DSP Assembler DSP code Listing outputted from DSP Assembler DSP Binary code reformatted to be downloaded to controller This is the file that is used with
198. orial sckin 11 INEUT combinatorial sckout 12 OUTPUT combinatorial active low isel OUTPUT combinatorial active_low ramsel 14 OUTPUT combinatorial active_low romsel 15 OUTPUT combinatorial active_low memdis 16 IO combinatorial active low m 17 OUTPUT combinatorial active low we 18 OUTPUT combinatorial active low BEGIN Enable all outputs ENABLE sckout ENABLE 1sel ENABLE ramsel ENABLE romsel ENABLE memdis ENABLE ENABLE we ramsel select lcwer 32k ramsel 15 reset memdis romsel select upper 32F romsel 15 reset memdis lsel latch seiect lsel a15 al4 a13 al2 all rd e reset disable memory at DAC and internal register locations memdis 15 14 a13 12 a11 68HC24 internal registers 15 al3 a12 all LATCH lsel location reset disable on reset output enable oe rd e reset write enable we rd e reset Just an inverter sckout sckin END RECOMMENDED P C BOARD PATTERNS AND NUMBERING SEQUENCE 11 7 5 3 1 85817977275 00000000000 13 6 9 7 5 3 1 67 65 63 6 200000006000 O O O74 O O O 000000 108 6 4 2 84628078 11 2 140 91 730 072 100 O O O O O O O Q 8 6 lt 2 68 66 44 0 O17 710 070 120 013 590 001 06 140 O IS Os 200 610 50 054 20 65 064 woor soos
199. ose This closes the COM pon and disables all the menu items that need communication to the camera This is described in more detail in Initialize 5 3 2 The CCD Menu functions The CCD menu has the functions that control the CCD camera It locks like MIP Camera Control ee Control View Analyze Aguisition Help Read Clear Default Qbs Dark Shade E Setup Bias A bias is executed on th and read into the frame buffer at the presently selected image see Display A Bias is used to check the read amplifier gain of the CCD read electronics The CCD is cleared three umes to make sure there is absolutely no residual charge or dark noise in the CCD wells and the CCD is subsequently read out Read The CCD is read out into the presently selected image of the frame buffer A Read contains whatever was in the CCD at the ume of the read If the CCD had been sitting for 20 minutes there would 20 minutes of dark noise and light leaks accumulating Clear Clear clears out all the CCD pixels without reading them Default Default sets the CCD read parameters to the default conditions For a detailed description of these parameters see the FORTH documentation A default read has 1 binning and all 512x512 pixels are captured by the AFG board Obs Dark Observe gets its name from the astronomy community and is used to be consistent with Photometrics and Advanced Technologies terminology Obs Dark pops up a dialog box t
200. out dialog box Clear afg memory dialog box CCD Settings dialog box clear looWnd graphics dialog box overlay Cursor dialog box Display Image dialog box Restore Image open dialog box Save Image save dialog box Get a Historgram dialog box Image Information dialog box Image Arithmetic dialog box Label Image with ImInfo dialog box Loop operation AQ dialog box Select an Output Input LUT dialog box Manual Dimensions for plot windows dialog box Observe Dark dialog box Pause operation AQ dialog box Get Arbitrary Flot dialog box Get Row Column Plot dialog box Quadrant select dialog box Select a ROI dialog box Comm Settings dialog box Shutters control dialog box Snap GAOI Utility dialog box Send CCD Command dialog box shrunk Statistics dialog box Stretch LUT dialog box Temperature display dialog box Video attributes dialog box 150 Directory CAMIPMIPCTLNDZ TA AQNAQUIS aqentry res aqequip res aqrun res setpath res AQ entry window dialog box modeless AQ Set Equipment dialog box AQ run dialog box AQ Set Image path dialog box MIPCTLEXE P Devel Hea ier fijes for dialog Header files created by Microsoft CT s Dialog Editor Directory about h afgclear h ccdset h clearovl h cursor h disimage h displ h filedlg h Histogrm h irnaginfo h ImgMath h labelim h loop h LUTSelct h ManlInf
201. panel which is accesed frem the minimized AfterDark icon in the lower left hand comer of the screen The screen savcr helps save the monitor from burn in 156 Installing AfterDark affects AUTOEXEC BAT WIN INI SYSTEM INI Nu Mega Bounds Checker 1 00 Directory C bchkw Bounds Checker for Windows is a debugging tool that checks your application for memory leaks resource allocation problems and Windows API parameter violations An application is run from within BCHKW and a report of errors and other system information such as stack space and memory and resource usage are presented Installing Bounds Checker affects SYSTEM INI Central Point Backup for Windows v7 2 Directory CAcpbackup Backup for Windows is a backup and restore utility that is used to archive the program development of MIPCTL EXE This utility automates the backup of projects For HAARP backups we have defined the HAARP INC and HAARP FU backups for fuil or incremental backups More extensive backups of the hard disk could be developed using this application Installing Backup affects SYSTEM INI Cybernetics CY545 Directory C cy545 545 is communications DOS utility to talk to a 545 Stepper Motor Controller chip the chip that is used to control the Filter Wheel stepper motor This utility is extremely useful for adjusting the rate parameters and re programming the CY545 s EEPROM For more information see the CY545 User s Manual innac
202. pical image intensifter output curve is shown in Figure 2 16 The HAARP imager uses a EG amp G VACTEC VTB9413B photodiode This photodiode has an IR rejection filter on it and has a spectral response peak is 580nm range is 320nm 720nm similiar to the output of the intensifier P20 phosphour A photodiode was chosen for this application because of it s relatively fast rise fall times The photodiode output 15 amplified by an 0515 inside the shutter housing see Section 3 11 and then to the KEO Interface board where it s gain can be adjusted using the potentiometer VR4 This potentiometer is used to set the output voltage going into the controller s ADC to peak near 5 when the intensifier is in AGC mode Thus by reading this ADC value the controller can monitor whether the intensifier is operating in it s linear range or not It turns out that for auroral applications a typical image does not push the intensifier output anywhere s near the AGC limit Image Intensifier Gain Charactaristics KeoColor AGC Setting l og PEE High Manual Normal I i 1 1 2 I i 4 o 1 z t 1 i 2 i A i C1 qa oro RAE 1 I 2 Low Manual Gan S i i Pro amp rate I 2 I s i I i 1
203. preadshe t application like Microsoft Excl Once in this format complicated charts and analysis features allow the user to view t gt data Multiple plots can be created by cutting and pasting spzcadshcets In addition thi feature allows an easy portability between ucers in the scientific community An example of a plot text file is shown in Figure 5 3 MIPCIL Plot Output Text Format V1 0 KEO Consultants PARB 2 Gaoi HR UL16 15 NumPoints 362 BegPoint 717129 EndPoint 432 348 Date 04 Jul 92 Time 09 15 34 76132456 Filt 4560 Exp 33 Int 0 Int 33 FieldView 180 TEMPS CCD 26 5 47 TEC 33 5 1166 Int 1 5C 103 Filt 24 5C 1149 Loc Ramey Solar Obs Comment CRESS Campaign Data Index Value 0 2704 1 1754 2 1581 3 2025 4 2220 5 2238 6 2179 Figure 5 3 Plot Output Text File Example The first line in the plot is a software identifier The next two lines contain information about the plot For the above example the user could read This plot was an arbitrary line from the image HR UL me buffer The plot has 362 points and started at point 7 1 129 and ended at 18 The next 6 lines give thc image information associated with the image If there was no information defined a line would have indicated this The parameters deliminated with the character are the instrument values at the ume of the image For instance the date time string
204. r photodiode and check for AGC saturation v open the back shutter and check vi wait for x deciseconds vii close shutters check and read CCD The return codes for the errors are i 1 2 4 8 16 OBS will execute according to the error reporting level set as discussed in 7 3 3 At termination of OBS a termination character is emitted SET ERR accepts a new error reporting level checks for limit errors 0 gt 2 and reports a 1 if there was an error If not the new error level is stored in ERRLVL and 0 is emitted alca with the terminating character Commands the DSP to create a horizontal wedge pattern and then emits a terminaung character This shade is generated by the DSP chip to increase the pixel intensity every 64 pixels starting at an intensity of O This gives a pattern with every pixel value from 0 to 4095 12 bits This command is useful to quickly test the camera operation and the digital interface HWED emits a terminating character 190 CCD_CLR CCD_READ SET_FILPOS SET_INTGAIN INT_ON INT_OFF RD_INTGAIN Clears the CCD and emits a terminating character Reads the CCD and emits a terminating character Gets a number from the host checks for limits and returns a 6 if there was an input error Gets the last command from MIPCTL masks in the new filter wheel target 0 2 and outputs this to the Interface board The Interface
205. riance therefore gives us electrons ADU Four images are collected with the CCD camera two independent Bias images and wo independent Flat field images To do this the KEO lab was set up as 516 13 feet coo Aperture Shutter Rodenstock Opal 42mm Lens Glass The following definitions were made Images taken 1 Bias2 Img1 Img2 MEAN Mean of Imgl Biasi 2IMG_RMS Rms of Img Imgl Photon Shot Noise of images VARIANCE 2IMG RMS 2 Variance of one image GAIN MEAN VARIANCE units electrons ADU 2BIAS RMS Rms of Bias2 Bias READ NOISE 2BIAS_RMS sqrt 2 X GAIN Results of 7 12 93 Calibration for HAARP CCD Head CCD Head 2 AT220 SN 2 Temperature 31 0 C Low Gain Mean 1432 90 ImgRMS 5 6 Variance 15 68 BiasRMS 969 MidGain Mean 2627 06 ImgRMS 10 32 Variance 53 25 BiasRMS 1 108 HiGain Mean 2140 97 ImgRMS 13 06 Variance 85 28 BiasRMS 1 327 Low 91 38 62 61 Mid 49 33 38 65 Hi 25 10 23 55 Low BiasLow Img 13 22 0 616 Mid BiasMid Img 11 02 0 788 Hi BiasHigh h ig 22 98 0 913 In HI and MID gains the ADC saturates before the CCD well at 4095 At LO gain the CCD saturates at 2395 not including the BIAS level This gives us the full well potential of our CCD 2395 x 91 e gt 217 945 e 516 full well depth At MID gain the ADC sarurates at 200 165 e or very nearly the full well depth of the CCD At HI
206. rrently available Next the amount of available Local Memory and Global Memory are displayed To fully understand what these parameters are refer to Windows documentation However these parameters are important to check and make sure that the Windows environment and the MIPCTL application are behaving properly The above values are typical If the MIPCTL application starts running slowly and windows rake a long time to draw something is probably corrupting the Windows environment To check and see the affect of the MIPCTL application the user can look at the system resources by looking at this dialog box and then close tie MIPCTL application Once the application is closed the user can check the system resources by using the About dialog box from Window s Program Manager window to see the difference in system resources and hence how much of the system environment MIPCTL was using These features are most useful for debugging in the programming environment and are not typically needed for the use of MIPCTL 5 4 KEOCCD INI System Initialization The KEOCCD INI file follows the standard Windows 3 1 API for maintaining application specific initialization information This file is kept in the windows directory CNWindowsN This file is a standard text file and can be viewed with a text editor just like any Windows TNT file such as WIN INI and SYSTEM INI A typical KEOCCD INI file is shown in Figure 5 5 Camera Set ngs
207. rsor is drawn in the VGA video it s location is given in VGA pixel coordinates We would need to translate this point in VGA coordinates to it s corresponding point in AFG coordinates and read this value to get the pixel intensity at the CURSOR location In order to do this the monitor must be calibrated with the AFG board This is donc by drawing cross hairs of known location into the AFG buffer say every 100 pixels in x and y and then positioning the cursor over these cross hairs and reading their positions This calibration is different for the two monitors presently being used by KEO s cameras HRP and MIP HRP presently uses an NEC 3FGx and MIP presently uses an NEC 3D monitor Both of these monitors have been calibrated at VGA resolution 640x480 but are capable of higher resolutions If higher resolutions are desired then new calibrations should be carried out When initializing the MIPCTL applicanon the monitor configuration is looked at and the appropriate translation calibration is selected The calibrations for the MIP imager using the NEC 3D monitor are Zoom Factor 1 0 924856 7 745665 Y e Y voa Zoom Factor x2 0 462174 Xygq 4 155732 Yos Y 2 Zoom Factor 4 X pgg 0 231362 Xy 2 262211 Y G 4 Zoom Facto 1 2 1 849 XJ jc 15 131 2 155 The calibrations for the HRP imager using the NEC monitor are Zoom Factor xl 0 94303 Xy
208. s unsigned int nExpTime Exposure Time 2 Bytes char szFilter Val 9 Filter Position 9Bytes int nCCDTemp CCD Temperature 2Bytes int nTECTemp TEC Temperature 2 Bytes 163 int nlntTemp Intensifier Temperature 2 Bytes int nFiltTemp Filter Wheel Temperature 2 Bytes int nintBrt Intensifier Brightness 2 Bytes nFOV Field of View 2 Bytes char pLocation Location 2 Bytes char pComment Comment 2 Bytes short nGaoi GAOI holding the image 2 Bytes IMINFOSTRUCT 6 7 5 Image Overlay Object Structure Ioo The Ioo Structure is a linked list structure that holds the Image Overlay Object information necessary to maintain an object in the Image Overlay Window Image Overlay Obiects can be text labels lines cross hairs boxes any graphics object that is overlayed on the image Defined in IOO H typedef struct _Ioo IOO ID id Object Type HIMAGE hOwner Image that owns the object HIOO hNext Next loo in the list hPrev Previous Ioo in the list WORD flags loo drawing flags char data loo data Object specific loo far ploo 6 7 6 Acquisition Entry Information Structure aqENTRYINFO aqENTRYINFO keeps the information necessary to act on the currently selected entry in the acquisition table Defined in AQENTRY H typedef struct aqENTR Y e acquisition Entry infoimation aqTABLEENTRY inTable pointer to entry in acquistion table
209. s or a solid angle of x x 0 112 3 9 x 10 2 steradians 1 Rayleigh R of source luminance corresponds to 106 4 7 96 x 104 photon cm sec ster If we assume a Quantum efficiency at the peak of the cathode spectral response of 12 overall lens transmission of 70 filter transmission of 70 and assume that every cathode photoelectron event is amplified enough by the image intensifier to give a detectable CCD response then the expected count rate pixel at the CCD for 1 R input is 3 0 x 104 x 3 9 x 102 x 7 96 x 104 x 0 12 x 0 70 x 70 5 5 x 10 counts pixel sec Thus for every pixel to have 1 event during a 1 sec exposure the required source luminance is about 18R 2 10 3 Sensitivity Measurements To take a specific example from our calibration we go through this measurement for 4867A At this wavelength the photocathode S20ER efficiency is about 9 the filter transmission is 724 We now have a minimum source luminance of about 4 2 x 10 2 counts pixel sec which gives about 24R for 1 event pixel sec Using the KEO light source we illuminate the the imager with 384R usiug the 4867 filter Images were taken with the Nikon camera lens stopped down to fll giving a source of SR Thus from the above estimation we should see photon events in about 2046 of the pixels covered by the source If we take an image at f8 we would have a source of 9R and would expect about 36 of the pixels filled An image at f16 would
210. s a plot structure associated with it that stores the necessary plot information such as plot type Histogram Row Col Arbitrary Line the pixel locations for the plot endpoints if a line plot or the StepSize and BinSize if the plot is a Histogram the image in the frame buffer that the plot was taken from and pointers to the actual piot data and the plot window displaying the data Many plot windows can be open at the same time The handling of these plotting windows is done by a Graphics Server that responds both to user commands and messages from the MIPCTL application While any plot window is open the Graphics Server will also be open and will appear as an icon in the Window s background Do not close the Graphics Server while MIPCTL is still running as it wil affect the plots currently displayed by MIPCTL MIPCTL will open and close the Graphics Server as needed EX ARE Plot Prom Geol HR UL16 777 File Scaling ARB Plot 31 Dec 69 16 00 00 A Exp 00 Int 0 eei 460 8 218 x 240 248 Cw oor 2964 206 a Pixel Value 486 240 The above plot window shows plot taken from an Arbitrary plot line The ttle of the plot window ARB Plot From Gaoi HR UL16 teils you which plot window number 121 0 the kind of plot ARB and the image in the frame buffer that the plot was taken from HR UL 16 The of the plot ARB Plot 31 Dec 69 16 00 00 4278A indentifies the image information
211. s initializing the port say perhaps another application like Terminal is using COM4 or KEOCCD INI has been corrupted an error message will come up You should exit the MIPCTL program and remedy the situation Once MIPCTL has successfully opened the COM port a communications status box will appear in the Window Camera Control Comm CCD Control View Analyze Aquisition R 9600 8 0 S 0 These numbers do not directly represent the communications settings but rather the Device Control Block Parameters that Windows uses in setting the communications port However this will give you feedback as to whether the port is set up the way you want Under normal circumstances you can ignore this status window During the initialization mes to initialize the camera to it s previous state If there is a problem establishing communication with rhe camera the following warning box will appear This waming appears at any ume during the application if there is a communication problem with the camera Timeout Error waiting for camera If this error occurs check the camera communcation system Is the cable connected to Is it connected to the camera Is COM4 or whatever port you re using setup correctly in Windows to agree with the instalied hardware Is there another applicanon open that is using the COM port such as TERMINAL Power down the camera or push the re
212. s proportional to illumination by the object on a plane parallel to the fim surface Projection 5 is called equisolid projection and the solid angle dQ is proportional to the corresponding area of the image This projecuon is preferred for mcasuring relauve areas of the sky for example sky Covered by clouds Almost all commercially available fish eye lenses for 25 mm and medium format cameras are of the equidistant projection type which minimizes contraction of image near the edges of the field i gt HUE t s BEST Focus E 2 i T EXT pupie 5 2 2 92 POSITION Figure 1 1 Shows ray diagram for a typical fish eye lens with F number equal to 4 0 The cone angle at the center of the image is 7 19 about the principal ray At the edge of the field of view image diameter 70 mm the cone angle is only 4 0 about the principal ray the decrease from 7 1 is indicative of the vignetting of the lens at large ficii angles At the edge of the field image forming cone spans a range of angles from 17 39 25 39 to the principal axis Clearly it 1 not possible to use a narrow band interference filter in this situation as transmission would vary significantly across the image Note The shift in wavciength of peak uansmission for parallel light incident a filter at angle radians is given by fA _92 where is the effective 2 52 refractive index Similarly t
213. s the image math dialog box from the Analyze menu discussed in 5 3 5 The math is limited however by the hardware the same way as discussed in 5 3 5 The present version of Imaging Technology s ITEX AFG v2 2 2 does not support the hardware divide function Therefore as of this software release a divide during the acquisition cycle is not permitted Once an arithmetic operation has been entered into the list operation the event string will be updated to look something like 5 ADD DA LR16 DA UL16 DA UR16 This represents the operation that will be executed during event 5 of the acquisition cycle Add the images in DA ULI16 and DA UR16 and store the result in DA LR16 Snap Scale allows an image to be snapped to another GAOI and scaled through the input LUT in the same way the the Suetch LUT operates The min max values represent the minimum value that gets mapped to zero and the maximum value that gets mapped to 4095 the Input LUT is 12 bits In the above example the values 1000 to 2024 of the source image DA UL16 get mapped to 0 to 4095 in the destination image DA UR16 The upper 4 bits of the image are unchanged Note the images coming from the cameras are 12 bit images Normally during acquisition the upper 4 bits are not used The event string in the aq list will now appear as 7 SNAP DA ULI16 to DA URI6 31000 2024 The 7th event in the acquisition cycle will snap a copy of the image in D
214. selecting the appropriate button Once this is selected the RUN button is hit to actually start the acquisition session The RUN button will turn into a PAUSE button to pause the execution The EXIT button wil terminate the acquisition cycle and return to the acquisition setup window During execution of the acqnisition cycle status messages will appear in the Run window letting the use a current operation in the acquisiton cycle Set Path allows the user to select the directory where images are 15 be archived ouring the acquisition cycle Only those data events with the tiag selected will e ordeu io a file in this directory 136 Set Directory Path Set Path for Image Files A default file name will be given to images during the acquisition cycle with the format YYMMDDHH NNN where YY year MM month DD day HH hour NNN the number of the image taken during the hour For example the image 92070409 156 would be the 156th image take during the hour of 0900 on July 4th 1992 For consistency all data should stored in UT or Universal Time To do this set the computer s clock to UT time from Window s Control Panel Display Image Display Quadrant allows the user to decide whether they would like the currently active image to be displayed soley on the monitor or whether the whole quadrant that the image is in should be displayed Selecting this menu item toggles the option back and forth be
215. set button on it s rear panel and reboot the application S 2 3 The MIPCTL Window and Microsoft Windows 3 1 The MIPCTL Window is a standard Windows 3 1 window and thus has full Windows 3 1 functionality You re size it minimize it move it The user should become familiar with the use of Windows 3 1 to get maximum use out of the application In addition you can have any number of other applications running at the same time as MIPCTL although the more you run the slower everything will be These applications can be size and minimized as well After starting MIPCTL it is a good idea to minimize all other applications including the Program Manager and move the icons over to the nght of the screen This will give the maximum visibility for the images in the frame buffer 5 3 MIPCTL Software Manual v5 3 1 If everything was successfully initialized all the menu elements should be enabled and appear black If they grey that means that they are disabled The main menu should read w IP Camera 6 12 Comm Control View Analyze Aquisition The underlined letter represents the Windows keystroke to type to activate this menu item Type the lt Alt gt key and then type the underlined letter if you do not wish to use the inouse see Windows 3 1 User s Manual for more information on Windows keystrokes 5 3 1 The Comm Menu tunctions The Comm menu conta
216. side of the TEC is coupled to the body of the unit and is cooled both convectively the back section and with forced air two small fans in the front section The TEC can normally produce a temperature differential of about 65 C The back part of the CCD camera head should not be opened or serviced except by qualified personnel The front section should NEVER be opened The CCD is extremely sensitive to static and is a very expensive device The vacuum in the front section is extremely important for the operation of the head both to eliminate condensation on the CCD chip and for temperature insulation I this vacuum is lost and air is let in the CCD will frost up with ice and become unusable Opening the front section will void all Advanced Technology warranties The CCD head electronics are critically set for optimum noise reduction There many critical voltages set that are tailored to our particular CCD and any tampering with these voltages will result in degradation in performance of the CCD The electronics should NEVER be disconnected from the CCD Interconnect Circvit Card Assembly CCA except by the most skilled engineer and under very controlled environmental conditions There are many test points on these electronics cards with which you can check the operation of the camera hea It is suggested however that if there is a problem the CCD head be returned to Advanced Technologies for servicing 75 3 4 The CCD Chip
217. spond to the program s representaion of these values Display sets which image is currently displayed as the top left hand image In AFG terms this sets the Pan and Scroll of the display Again the numerical values in KEOCCD INI correspond to the program s representation of these values Port determines which valid Windows communications port is used to communicate to the camera The valid entries are COMI COM2 COM3 COM4 Currently the HAARP hardware is sip for the use of Monitor determines what monitor is connected to the computer system This is important as it affects the screen calibration between AFG pixels not linear in space with pixels sec Section 6 5 Thc two monitors presently defined for the system are MIP s 3D monitor the NEC 3D 14 MulnSync and HAARP s 3FGx the NEC 3FGx 15 Mul Sync The values in KEOCCD INI are usually maintained by the program itself The two parameters that should be changed manually using the text editor are the Camera MIP or HRP and the Monitor 3D or 3FGx These parameters can be checked when running MIPCTL by using the About MIPCTL menu command discussed in Section 5 3 8 Occasionally such as during a system crash KEOCCD INI can be corrupted or even lost When this happens use the text to correc the corrupted variables such as Monitor ckjoife gt Monitor 3FGx If KEOCCD INI has been destroyed completely create a new one in the
218. sponding byte is zero If a byte in the ong ITime is zero this is changed into a Ox7F So the time string looks like SB BO B B2 B3 Two examples 0 01020304 gt 7 04 03 02 01 0 01020004 gt 7 04 7 02 01 initions same as 4 2 2 define HDR_GAIN 30 define HDR_TIME 194 define HDR_CGAIN 88 de nc HDR_CBIN 90 define LOCTN 92 define HDR_COMMNT 119 define HDR_LOC_LEN 26 define HDR_COM_LEN 75 Build ImageTechnology image header 200 Bytes long szInfo 0 0 Initialize the string Write KEO Identificr into the header and get software version strcpy szInfo KEO sscanf sz Version Version 95s szComment stmcat szInfo szComment 3 Strcat szInfo stmcat szInfo szCamera 3 sucat szInfo Write the Date and from the time stamp into tic comment tpTime localtime amp pINF llmageTime Convert to local time strf me szComment 20 od b tpTime Convert Date to string sucat szInfo szComment copy to image comment strcat szInfo add a space to comment strfume szComment 20 X Convert Time to string strcat szInfo szComment copy to imat comment Build the info string sprintf szCominent 5 14 851 34 2341 34 1 342 234 234 34 148 14 265 75s XXXX x pINF gt nIntGain pINF gt szFilterVal gt
219. st out whether the camera is working whether the digital input port is working or even a quick way to test the communications interface Setup Setup pops a dialog box that lets you set details of the CCD read out CCD Settings CCD Gain for HRP Low 91 7ADU Read Noise 63e Mid 49e4ADU Read Noise 39e High 25e4ADU Read Noise 24e The CCD camera s Gain can be set The gain is defined as how many electrons it takes to equal one ADU Analog Digital Unit The read noise associated with this gain is displayed for your reference These values are displayed automatically depending on which camera head has been selected in the KEOCCD INI file If the heading displays a different camera head you should correct this by editing KEOCCD INI with a text editor The two camera heads currently supported v5 3 2 MIP and HRP HAARP The user can also select the binning factor from this dialog box Currently only two standard binning functions are allowed 1 1 amp 2x2 which correspond to the Hi Resolution and Lo Resolution images discussed in Section 4 3 3 An inactive button Advanced is in the dialog box for the future addition to the software to allow the user to manually set all the individual parameters of the CCD readout This will allow features such as flexible XY binning sub sample readuut 5 3 3 The Control Menu functions The Control menu has the functions that control the HAARP imager con
220. stored in the Intel byte format Least significant byte first Most significant byte second This is the opposite of 68000 based systems i e ASIPII Multibus MacIntosh systems 6 2 Image Information and the Image Comment The comment field of the Image File is used to store image information The imagc information is a snapshot of the imager when the image was acquired Images stored using the MIPCTL acquisition system will automatically have image information stamped into the comment field Other images created by other applications or by saving an image with no image information structure will have a nulled comment field The current software version v5 3 2 stamps the iniage information into the comment field with the following format Refer to Section 6 9 for a chronological version history of the comment field format KEO5 3 HRP 22 Jul 93 09 23 48 G 1 W 4278 15 V 180 C 63 T 189 1 100 F 140 B 23 1 Ramey Solar Observatory CRRES 93 3127774 195190 Figure 6 2 Image Information Comment String This comment string is 200 bytes long including a termination character The first 6 characters KEOS 3 indentify this comment as KEO created comment from software version 5 3 This software version can then be used to translate the following characters using Section 6 9 HRP indentifies the camera head used to acquire the image 2 2 next comes text version of the date and time of acquisition 22 Jul 93 09 23 48 This inform
221. t IF DROP 6 ELSE MIPCTL F8 AND OR CTL 320 DO 14 MWAIT CTL 07 AND DUP MIPCTL C 07 AND IF LEAVE ELSE 131 IF NEGATE LEAVE THEN THEN DROP LOOP THEN CLEAR THE CCD READ OUT THE CCD SET FILTER POSITION AND WAIT FOR FILTER WHEEL GET DESTINATION DESTINATION gt 5 ERROR DESTINATION lt 1 ERROR SET WITH PREVIOUS COMMAND STORE NEW COMMAND AND OUTPUT SET UP A WAIT LOOP FOR MOVE WAIT 20 MILLISECONDS GET INPUT BYTE AND MASK COMPARE WITH FW COMMAND TERMINATE THE LOOP FW ON STACK CHECK TO NUMBER OF WAITS TIMEOUT ERROR FW POS STACK END OF WAIT FOR MOVEMENT LOOP LIMIT CHECKS IF ELSE THEN S THEN TERM_EMIT RETURN SET_INTGAIN SET INTENSIFIER GAJN AND CHECK INTENSIFIER GETNUM DUP GET INTENSIFIER GAIN 3 gt IF DROP 6 ELSE DUP GAIN gt 3 ERROR 0 lt IF DROP 6 ELSE GAIN lt 0 ERROR HEX 3 AND 2 2 2 MASK AND SHIFT INPUT MIPCTL C E7 AND OR SET PREVIOUS COMMAND CTL OUTPUT TO INTERFACE 1 MWAIT WAIT A MILLISECOND CTL 30 AND DUP GET INPUT BYTE AND MASK 2 2 2 2 SWAP LEAVE SHIFTED INT GAIN ON STACK MIPCTL C 18 AND 2 COMPARE WITH MASKED COMMAND NOT IF NEGATE THEN CREATE ERROR CODE INTGAIN THEN THEN LIMIT CHECK IF ELSE THEN S DECIMAL TERM EMIT RETURN INT ON TURN ON THE IMAGE INTENSIFIER MIPCTL T 5 CTL TERM EMIT OFF TURN OFF THE I
222. t and two TE target errors These were forced by setting the filterwheel control panel to manual and forcing a move to filter 4 The program waited second for the filter to move from 1 to 2 during which it moved o 4 and reported a time out error and also a target error because the Present filter 4 is not equal to the Target filter 2 A Position error occurs when the positon read from the camera controller is not a legal position Normally during execution of TEST_FILPOS there should be no errors of any kind TIME_FW lets the user execute a single move and check the number of loop cycles it took to reach the target filter position The code is given to check the execution of the filter move In the example below we can see that we moved from some unknown position to filter 4 from 4 to 2 from 2 to 3 and from 3 to 5 TIME FW INDEX 27 RET 4 TIME FW INDEX 35 RET 2 TIME FW INDEX 26 RET 3 OK TIME_FW INDEX 36 RET 5 tU The time it took for a move is INDEX x 02 seconds Thus Mv 2 70 seconds 1 52 seconds 2 72 seconds 237 The file TESTSH FOR has utiiities to test the operation of the camera s shutters In the file are the following utilities lt decisecond gt TEST_SH Opens and closes each shutter sequentially decisecond TEST BT Opens and closes both shutters simultaneously decisecond TS1 Opens and closes Shutter front decisecond TS2 Opens and closes Shutter
223. t so as not to increase phosphor decay time Cooling is to about 209C below ambient which gives a 10 1 reduction in thermal dark current MFC INPUT CATHODE SHIELO u INPUT 2900 v BODY CERAMIC MCP INEU 900 v 6000 V 2500 v MCP e INPUT FIBER OPTIC FACEPLATE Toy r GeO SCREEN y o3 d 7 H ply OUTPUT FIBER Z FACEPLATE LE CORREU TION RING ANODE CONE CATHODE The electrostatic image inverting generata 12 image tube Figure 1 8 Schematic of a Gen Ii Inverter tube 1 10 Relay Optics The output image from the image intensifier has to be coupled to the CCD with reduction in size from 24 mm to 19 mm CCD size is 10 2 x 10 2 mm This coupling could have been achieved with either fiber optics taper or with relay lenses and there are advantages and disadvantages to each approach The relative efficiencies of fiber optics and relay lens depends on the image magnification m lt 1 required a For a tiber optics taper with magnification m the coupling efficiency is given by T x m2 where T is the fiber optics transmission b For a non vignetting relay iens the coupling efficiency is given by T m2 4xF2 x 1 2 where T is the lens transmission and F is the F number of the relay lens system onto the detector Usually m2 4xF2 x 1 m 2 and may be neglected giving T 4xF2 x 1 m 2 J In both cases T 0 8 and the following Table comp
224. t Date to string strcat szImageComment temp copy to image comment strcat szImageComment add a space to comment strftiine temp 20 X Convert Time to string strcat szImageComment temp copy to image comment sprint temp G 1d W 8s E 3d4 V 3d C 3d T 34 1 3d F 34 B 34 30s 02805 pINF gt nIntGain pINF gt szFilterVal pINF gt nExpTime pINF nFOV pINF gt nCCDTemp 172 pINF gt nTECTemp pINF gt nintTemp pINF gt nFiltTemp gt pINF gt pLocation pINF gt pCommeat strcat szImageComment temp 6 9 3 MIPCTL v4 1 0 11 20 92 szImage Comment 0 0 Initialize the string Write KEO Identifier into the header and get software version strcpy szImageComment KEO Sscanf sz Version Version s temp strncat szImageComment temp 3 strcat szImageCommeat suncat szImageComment szCamera 3 strcat szImageComment Write the Daie and Time from the timestamp into the comment tpTime localtime amp pINF gt lImageTime Convert to local time suftime temp 20 d b 9oy tpTime Convert Date to string strcat szimageCornment temp copy to image comment strcat szImageComment add a space to comment strftime temp 20 X tpTime Convert Time to string sucat szImageCommerit temp copy to image cornment sprintf temp 6 14 851 24
225. t representing the address of the EPROM Used for the autostart routine 7 3 2 MIP Utility Words GETNUM Receives character input until a lt cr gt has been received and then converts this to a number leaving the value on the stack Note Could add a timeout functionality to this in case a lt cr gt is never received _ Emits This is used as a terminating character notification to the host CGAIN Uses the CASE dictionary event to execute either the HI GAIN MID GAIN or LO GAIN commands based on the number on the stack 0 2 Does no error checking so this MUST be done before CGAIN is called The words executed set the CCD camera gain for the ADC conversion CTL Stores the byte on the stack in MIPCTL and ourputs this to the device at location IOCTL this case the KEO Interface CCA CTL Reads the byte at location IOCTL KEO Interface CCA and stores the value in MIPSTS and also leaves it on the stack 186 ERR OR s in the present error bit on the stack into the error status word ERRSTS ERRCHK cond lt gt ERRCHK continue flag ERRCHK looks at a condition cond left on the stack and sets the error bit determined by lt err gt into the error status word depending on the ERRLVL set for the system SHTR STS Gets the status bits of the shutters on leaves them on the stack as BO and CLS Closes both shutters with no status check Does not modify the stack at
226. tal Converter interface The 68HC11 has 8 channel multiplexed ADC port that is used by the camera to read 4 temperatures and a photodiode output The following utilities facilitate testing and calibrating these circuits lt ADC Channel gt RD_CH 1 RD_CH 1 192 2 192 3 132 lt ADC Channel TST_RD 1 TST_RD 1 191 2 191 3 192 1 191 2 191 3 192 1 192 2 192 3 191 CH 1 OK 10 usec interval RD AV 100 RD AV AVERAGE 25 10 psec interval TST AV 100 TST AV AVERAGE 26 AVERAGE 26 CH 100 OK 10 psec interval AUTO AV 25 AUTO AV INTERVAL 25 AVERAGE 25 AVERAGE 25 AVERAGE 25 INTERVAL 26 AVERAGE 26 AVERAGE 25 AVERAGE 25 INTERVAL 27 AVERAGE 26 AVERAGE 25 4 Reads a channel four times and takes an average 192 TOTAL 768 AVERAGE 192 Executes RD_CH once a second 191 TOTAL 765 AVERAGE 191 191 TOTAL 765 AVERAGE 191 192 TOTAL 767 AVERAGE 191 Reads Photodiode channel and gives an average The average defined here is to read the channel four times take an average wait lt int gt x 10 take another four readings average and do this four times Reads Photodiode every second giving the average Reads Photodiode every second using the psec interval to read it four times The average is computed If a key is hit the psec interval is incremented and the averaging continues To terminate the program a key must be hit twice 239 AVERAGE 24 INT
227. tants has been created In addition the PhoneBook has been filled with useful numbers relevant to 160 the development of the HAARP camera WinFax can send and receive faxes in the background thus allowing you to continue your work in the foreground WinFax is Started automatcally and is set up for COM3 which is the Gateways TelePort Fax Modem In some cases it may not be desired to always have WinFax running In this case just close the application using the minimized WinFax icon in the lower left hand corner of the screen Installing WinFax Pro affects WIN INI Microsoft Word for Windows 2 0 Directory C winword Word for Windows is a powerful word processor program and is used for all documentation development Files with the extension doc are typically created by Word Installing Word for Windows affects WIN INI DCA CrossTalk for Windows v2 0 Directory C xtalk20 CrossTalk for Windows is a Windows 3 1 communications program and is setup to use the GATEWAYS TelePath Fax Modem using COM3 This program is useful for electronic communication such as E Mail and bulletin boards and file transfers for data and other information Several modem configurations are already setup for use that contain commonly called systems Installing CrossTalk for Windows affects WIN INI 6 7 MIPCTL Programming Structures This section discusses the programming structures used for creating the MIPCTL application and is a usefull reference for
228. tem reads al the system temperatures and displays them in degrees Celsius It also reads the Intensifier Brightness PhotoDiode An example of using this and the Shutter dialog would be to open Shutter 1 do a Temperature check the Intensifier Brightness value to see how bright the intensifier is and then close Shutter 1 ics 77 Temperatures Temperature intensifier Brightness Filter Wheel intensifier With the current software version v5 3 2 this dialog box wil do a read every 2 seconds and automatically update the LED displays While reading the camera the camera icon will on Unfortunately everything is locked up during this period so hitting the OK button with this icon will not terminate the dialog box The user must wait until the icon has returned to the ARROW and then click on the OK button or hit a lt cr gt This will be improved in later software release S 3 4 The View Menu functions The View menu controls the basic image processing functions It looks like Comm CCD Control T Cursor Utilities Display The Display dialog lets the user select which image or quadrant to display Refer to Section 4 3 3 to get a full image and quadrant nomenclature explanation The user has the option of looking at an image individually or looking at a whole quadrant O Center O Bottom Quadrant O Hi Res Whole buffer Data Upper Lett Ba
229. ter Whee EPROM 26C16 Control Panel Layout Control Panel Schematic Power I O Board Rev A Layout Power O Board Rev A Schematic Photodiode Amplifier Schematic 5 Position Filter Wheel Schematic 242 243 244 251 252 254 255 256 257 262 263 265 266 peog JANION dIW er tr Rs 1142015 pieog lonuoo 93 23 i 022 doll 9157094 TOUNO JN 54 C a v a T Usigan 1NOU3 IWS is Sut Iwo 81 71436 CINYLINGNOS OJIN DONE VIII P BB TS vous 43534 9 c 2 2 gt Javo 242 ena 5 9 7 Interface Board Layout KEO Consultants ak gt 7 Z ue FE SLINY UNSO OIW L6 et eieq S91 58 ASL 04 p Ud Ud Utd esedig ppe woo ji AS1 20 10 20 Z 043 030 9072 oun 19031097 dsig A 6 t6 meu adwn puny ud La e X26 Seu 3 D22 2 9 CI ima zu 222 32 922 95051 xot iniit TALE ryt 941 34 20 2 93 2 92 2 50 1 2 23 ASE LL Ud seedAg pov p uid
230. terminal and then reset the 68HC11 and do not get a response i e the startup text does not appear then you should first suspect the ROM Of course there could be many other errors that a corrupted ROM might produce but this procedure addresses a fatal etror Upon resetting the 68HC11 it tries to load the code in the ROM U15 into it s U8 If there is a problem it will never succeed and hence never get into the interactive mode The MIP autostart routine boots the FORTH chip restores the ROM oM initializes the DSP chip and then starts the MIP command loop which leaves on the terminal and waits for the next valid command as defined by the MIP code 0 gets you back to the FORTH kernel and a 1 gives you a cold boot If these don t work chances are the ROM has been corrupted 196 The first step to rebuilding ROM is to removc U15 thc ROM and gently bend pin 20 chip selec up Using small clip leads connect this pin to 5V through a 10 resistor Now power up the board You should see 3 3 This tells you that the 68HC11 is working from it s internal ROM which has the FORTH kernelin it If you don t get this there must be another problem with the board or perhaps even in your communications set up Is your terminal set correctly 9800B 8Bits 1Stop No Parity If you do get this identifier you are now ready to download the KEO Forth code Start with an ASCII send of
231. the DNLD command 235 8 8 3 KEO Consultants FORTH Code The following liste the main controller FORTH code written by KEO Consultants for use with the MIP and HAARP imagers Versions are chronological and all versions are provided ior reference The latest version number should always be the version downloaded on the the controllers EEPROM The code listing for MIP10 FOR is provided in Section 8 1 D 3306 5 22 91 604 20 D me02 for 6471 5 28 83 51922pm mpO3 tor 8810 7 1 81 124842pm for 10842 10 13 91 1242 20 11781 12 20 91 514 200 C mp06 tor 12089 7 1 92 11 46 54 L mi07 for 12424 9 75 92 122308pm C tor 14687 10 13 92 10 3004am mp08 for 15573 10 19 92 3 25 28 mip10 for 16054 7 23 93 1147 54am 8 8 4 KEO Consultants FORTH Uulities The following utilities were written by KEO Consultanis to assist in the development and testing of the camera electronics and control system TESTFW FOR TESTSH FOR TESTADC4 FOR These utilities can be downloaded to the controller by sending them as a text file using Microcsofrs TERMINAL program provided with Windows 3 1 When opening TERMINAL open the HAARP TRM configuration file To get to the FORTH environment terminating the MIP command LOOP type a O lt cr gt The FORTH idenufier should appear Hit cr a few times to confirm communication The FORTH system should retum aa OK for each cr entered TESTFW
232. the field of view of the lens currently installed on the camera Refer to the instrument s manual for the available lenses and their FOV s for the specific instrument This can be anywhere up to three characters 0 180 The location string is a string up to 25 characters long that records the location of the instrument at the time of the data acquisition The comment string 15 a string up to 75 characters long that records any other acquisition specific information that would be helpful for the future identification of the data typical comment string would hold the experiment s name such as the CRRES RODEO or CUSP campaigns The Qperations Menu The Operations Menu allows the different type of operations to be added as entries to the aq list These operations are added to the event list by selecting the appropriate menu item from this menu Once the event has been inserted into the aq lisi it can be modified or viewed by selecting that event from within the aq list Operation events can be inserted deleted cut and pasted in the same way as any other event in the aq list EY Aquisition Table Setup CUSPSAQT Tren Subtract Multiply Snap Scale Pause Loop The first four operations that can be added to the aq list are arithmetic operations These operations are executed on the AFG board hardware and are therefore done in real time The dialog box is exactly the same a
233. the housing down on thc bench Remove the four 6 32 socket head screws from the front cover holding the intensifier cooling unit from inside the housing cover The cooling unit will now come out of the housing Remove the four 4 40 screws from the front of the cooling unit which releases the window retaining plate 309
234. tly four other types of events defined in the MIPCTL application SNAP PAUSE LOOP and Image Arithmetic These allow you to perform other operations during an aq cycle other than just acquiring data and will be discussed in detail in the following pages As the software evolves there wil be many other operations that the user may want to do during an aq cycle Section 6 8 describes in detail all the programming steps necessary to add these additional functions to the acquisition software of MIPCTL Acquisition Tables Acquisition tables ASCII text files stored on the hard disk and called up whea the Setup menu item is selected from the MIPCTL menu The Acquisition table stores all the information pertaining to an acquisition session When opening up the Acquisition window MIPCTL looks for the last acquisition table that was used in the acquisition directory These parameters are saved in the file KEOCCD INI in directory c windows This file is discussed in more detail in Section 5 3 The currently opened acquisition table is displayed in the Acquisinon Window title In the above example the table open was titled CUSP93 AQT Acquisition tables have the default extension of AQT but this is not required The at the end of the file name indicates that there have been changes made in the file since it was last opened or saved If a new file is opened or this file is closed MIPCTL wil automatically prompt you as to whether or not you
235. to the AFG board being loaded up with all of it s board resident software If the computer has not just been rebooted the initialization should only take a few seconds Once the initialization has been completed the hour glass icon will return to the normal arrow icon The initialization of the MIPCTL software also involves setting the hardware and software parameters A lot of these are defined in a file called KEOCCD INI in directory CAWINDOWSN This file contains camera communications and software setup information based on the last execution of MiPCTL The file allows the software to automatically come up in the same configuration as the last execution If this file gets corrupted the initalization may fail giving an appropriate error message In this case you wili need to edit KEOCCD INI using a text editor such as Window s NotePad and manually set the parameters in KEOCCD INI to valid values Section 5 4 will describe KEOCCD INI in more detail The communications port will be set during the initialization and if successfull a status line in the MIPCTL Window usually shrunk so that you can t see it will appear that indicates the status of the COMM port The HAARP Imager was delivered using the following COMM Port Settings COM4 9600 Baud 8 Bits 1 Stop Bit No Parity where 4 was setup using Window s Control Panel to have the address 0x310 IRQI1 and the above communications settings If there are any problem
236. trol electronics It looks like 7 Camera Contro View Analyze Aquisition Help Shutters Temperature Control This menu item allows the user to control the filter wheel and the intensifier The dialog box emulates the control panel on the HAARP imager and is used in much the same way The target and present values are displayed in two large LEDs The user selects a new target for either the intensifier or filterwheei selects the Intensifier Power On or Off Button and when ready Sets this new state If Set is not pushed this new state will not be updated to the camera and changes will not be reflected in the Preset LEDs Controls Filter Wheel Control Cimage Intensifier Control Powcr ES O On Target Shutters The shutters can be manually opened and closed with this menu item There are status LED s in this dialog that mimic the same function on the HAARP imager control panel indicating whether the shutters are physically open or not These status lights represent the state of physical microswitches inside the shutters of the camera This feature is often used to check the shutters for correct operation or for doing specialized work with the camera e g for visual inspection of the image intesifier remove the head open the back shutter check the ght conditions and open the front shutter MIP Shutters Status OK Status Temperature This menu i
237. ts this in the standard Plot window You can either enter the line manually via edit boxes or by using the mouse A colored line unique to this plotting window appears in the overlay window for the image The AFG board reads the pixel values along an approximation of this line The number of points read correspond to the x distance of thus linc not V x y as one might expect 116 Piot Arbitrary Line Open Piot This menu command allows the user to open up a previously saved plot from the MIPCTL application This plot must be stored in the format discussed below as defined by the MIPCTL applicaton A user could import data from another application and manually create the necessary header with a standard text editor if needed Once this plot is opened it is treated just like any of the other plot windows created with the above commands Image Arithmetic from the Analyze menu 20000000202 7 Camera 22020 Auuisiion Select ROI AE Statistics Histogram Piot Save Data Subtract Restore Data Multiply Image Into Divide The image math menus pop up a dialog box that lets you select all the necessary features to perform the image arithmetic Each menu item will bring this dialog up in the default form for it s operation but you can change any of the displayed parameters The source and destination 5 the depth and the post processing flag
238. ture Range 50 C to 78 C DIN RTD curves R 50 C 80 32 R 789C 130 10 Oto5 Volts 128C 38 2 With 2mA excitation V 50 C 161 Volts V 78 C 26 Volts V 789C 502 99 mV Set overall system gain to 50 LF347 Gain 2 IN101A Gain 25 Gain of INIOIA 14 40K Rg Rg 1 67KO Vief 16 Volts x 25 4 02 Volts Offset for LF347 to scale 4 02 V 10 0 Volts 83 To display the teinpcrature on the HAARP Convo Panel ACCULEX DP350 DVM is used The inputs to the 68HC11 ADC are scaled 10mV C to read degrees centigrade So 509C S00mV or 0 5V The decimal point of the meter is shifted right two places so the meter actually displays degrees Celsius 0 5 VDC 5 to 78V Gain 256 An LF347 U6 on the Control Panel CCA with R2 R1 5 11KQ 20KQ 255 An offset voltage is needed to scale OV down to 5 Volts 5 2555 1 96 LF347 U9 on Interface CCA using to set offset Chapter 4 Image Processing System The HAARP Imager runs on an IBM AT system under the Windows 3 1 Operating System The casual user should not have to know any details of how the camera works so this section will mainly focus on the computer and image processing systems Since the HAARP software runs under Windows 3 1 it is fairly user friendly The operator should be able to become proficient in the basic operations without a detailed knowledge of the system software However it is suggested that to obtain maximum
239. tween Image and Quadrant 5 3 8 The Help Menu See Cast Cont Comm Control View Analyze Aquisiti About MipCtl The About dialog box is a helpful tool of the MIPCTL application It is dynamically updated to give information on both the MIPCTL application s environment and Windows 3 1 5 environment The About box displays the current date and time which 137 is useful for checking against known time source If the ame has drifted or needs to be reset ihis can Le done via the Windows 3 1 Control panel in menu MAIN 21922 22005 Application Jul 27 12 28 45 1993 Version 5 3 1 Updated July 22th 1993 Monitor 3FGx HAP Win 3 10 DOS 5 0 Free Sys Res 63 Free L Mem 9282B Free GMem 13562KB KEO Consultants 1 Cyril Lance The About box also displays MIPCTL s software version and the date this software was last updated This is useful for checking image header information and making sure the instrument has the most recent software update The monitor camera head and COMM port currently selected and set in KEOCCD INI are displayed In the above case the software was run using an NEC MultiSync 3T Ox monitor the HA ARP camera head and for a communications port Finally the About box displays information about the Windows environment Both the Windows and DOS version numbers are displayed and the percentage of system resources cu
240. u and looks like The Setup menu itern gets the user into the Acquisiuon feature of MIPCTL This portion of the software is used to acquire data and automate acquisition cycles When collecung data this is the main window that will be used 126 Aquisition Table Setup File Edit Qperations Run Int Min Max rec dfs Filter 10 0 2 9 4095 28 2 c c 41 4278 SUB DA UL16 DA UR16 DA UL16 2 4865 PAUSE 5 0 secs O13 5577 L00P n 3 entries s 4 6300 85 7776 Exposure t secs Location Ramey Solar Obs intensifier er BH Comment CRESS Campaign 92 l img Path SNAP UR16 to TP LL16 Cycle Time 30 CJ Record Dark Subtract The acquisition window is divided into three sections The upper left hand part of this window contains a list of all the acquisition events These are actions that are taken during an acquisition cycle The acquisition cycle executes each event the acquisition list sequentially This cycle will repeat itself after the number of seconds determined by the edit field labelled Cycle Time in the lower middle of the window In the above example the cycle is 30 seconds If the acquisition cycle takes longer than 30 seconds the cycle will start again with out pausing In the lower left hand corner there are three parameters that display what Location and Comment parameters will be stored in the data a
241. uced slightly because of the telecentric elements see Figure 1 2 Specification of d defines f L f can then be chosen according to various other requirements such as i Values of f available in commercial camera lenses ii To minimize optics size choose a small f i iii To minimize field curvature choose a larger f iv To maximize sensitivity choose f so lowest F number lens can be used v f must also be chosen so that the whole final image diameter can be covered at the chosen F number vi f should not be so small that L is too small for the procurement of a practical close up achromat with the required diameter Note Typical example 1 d 24mm to fit an 25 mm image intensifier Then using a Pentax primary lens d D 24 89 0 27 telecentric plano convex lenses reduce the normal 92 mm image diameter to 89 mm If f 50 mm then L 185 mm and if f 85 mm then L 315 mm If F is the F number of the primary lens and all of the light is to a final iinage size d then the required F number of the camera lens so as to collect all available light is FCam lt Fxd D In the above case with F 4 5 and d D 0 27 a F1 2 camera lens would be required In general if space allows it is best to choose the longer focal length camera lens so as to minimize image curvature see following 1 8 Field Curvature There will always be some residual field curvature This is reduced if long
242. unt verses Temperature a CCD Cover Plate Relay Lens Configurations for MTF Calculations Rodenstock Relay Lens MTF Calculatons KEO Modifications to Melles Griot Shutters Typical Intensifier Output Curves aa PhotoDiode Output Curves VARO Intensifier Specifications a P20 Phosphor Spectral Curve n deiade System Resolution with Intensifier eese Image Jntensifier Edge Effects eese Fisheye Image the Intensifier no 5 2 23 2 24 2 25 2 26 2 27 2 28 2 29 2 30 2 31 2 32 2 33 2 34 2 35 2 36 2 37 2 38 2 39 2 40 2 41 2 42 2 43 2 44 2 45 3 1 3 2 4 1 4 2 5 1 5 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 Image Intensifier with Mask Image Intensifier Flat Field Calibration Setup Profile of Intensifier Flat Field Image Image Intensifier Flat Field Image Trialkali Photocathode Dark Current Curve HAAR Intensifier Dark Current Curve
243. ure 2 44 4867A filter Int 3 CCD HI Exp 1 sec 11 5R sec Stretched Black 23 White 451 Figure 2 44 demonstrates the increased coupling for single photon events by increasing the intensifier gain oy a factor of 14 From Section 2 10 1 we would expect each 69 detected 5577A photon to give signal of around 55 to 220 ADUs Comparing this image to Figure 2 43 we can see that the ir creased coupling does increase the number of pixels filled in the source area of the image Figure 2 45 4867 filter Int 3 CCD Exp 1 sec 116 28 sec Suetched Black 23 White 45 Figure 2 45 is a 2R sec image taken with a 1 second exposure Again the results of this image agree with thc analysis in Section 2 10 2 that roughly 10 of the pixels should be filled with photon events A SR sec image was taken with the intensifier gain on minimum and the CCD gain at LO in which the source was questionably detectable As discussed in Section 2 10 1 the photon sveni coupling is weak in this gain sctup and thus decreases the perceived sensitivity of the instrument The fact that a SR sec was rot really detectabie at LO Gain but easily seen at Gair confirms the decreased situations where there very low photon counts the CCD should be used at HI gain Similiar images were t xen for the other filters on the HAARP imager te check sensitivity across t t spectrum 70 2 10 4 Sensitivit
244. used to draw graphics and text This insures that none of these graphics objects corrupt the 16 bits of the data stored in the frame buffer Use this utility to clear these overlay objects Snap This utility lets you snap one image to another image This is done by selecting the source and destination quadrants and then hitting OK or hitting a cr This is useful for duplicating images in the frame buffer for subsequent manipulation and comparison snap dialog box has provision for setting the Min Max of the Input LUT This converts the destination image in exactly the way that Stretch does discussed above under LUT s Label Image The dialog box allows the user to stamp the text fields associated with image information from the Overlay Window directly into the image pixels The text will be written into the OVL bits of the frame buffer B12 B15 and so will not corrupt 12 bit data Stamp Overlay to Image 7 Exp Time 22 0 File Destination image The user can select the destination image If the image has an image information butfer defined already this information will be filled into the appropriate edit fields cf the dialog box The user can then modify these values to reflect the final text they want to be stamped into the image The Stamp b can then be hit and the user will notice the text being transferred directly int
245. utput enable signal for the input latch temp oe in clk ce a delayed version of temp oe just to be safe in oe temp oe out clk is a rising edge that latches data into the output latch out clk 15 al4 al3 al2 211 a10 a09 a08 we KEO also needs a strobe occurring after the output latch has been written to and the data has stabilized To get this without using a digital delay line we will rely on the propagation delay through the PAL 3 times which shouid be about 15 ns each time This will give a delay of approx 45 ns tmpl strobe is a delayed version of out clk _ strobe out _Clk tmp2 strobe is a delayed version of tmpl strobe tmp2 strobe tmpl strobe out strobe a delayed version of tmp2 strobe It will occurr approx 45 n3 after out clk This is the signal to use as output strobe out strobe tmp2 strobe 252 Device Map 20044 1111 10088 0111 10440 1111 10484 0111 L0924 1111 109686 1111 L1549 1111 L2200 1110 L2904 1111 L2948 1111 L3696 1111 15808 0111 C3A13 9308 from 1111 1011 1111 1011 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1101 0101 File 1111 0111 1111 0111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0101 keo_io for PLD 122 10 1111 0111 1111 0111 1111 1110 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 01 1111 1011 1111 1011 1111 1111 1110 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0111 1111 011
246. ve Because of the increased rotational speed of the RICOH drive it is recommended by RICOH that only SONY media be used with this drive EDM 1DAOs 1024Bytes sector 650MB optical disks The RICOH drive is unterminated as there is also a hard drive connected to the SCSI port in the HAARP IP System An APT Odessa SCSI interface board SC1000 is used to interface the optical disk to the AT This is fully DOS compatible and can be used as any other drive in the system The SC1000 is installed using IRQ10 and memory address segment D600 0000 The Odessa system comes with dnvers MOD SYS and MOD EXE The HAARP Imager has v1 26 installed The switch option 4 should be used when running MOD EXE which utilizes the smaller cluster sizes 8192 of DOS4 01 and greater M BAT assures that this switch is used A 650MB MO disk can hold about 2400 2x2 binned images per side 1 8MB per image or about 600 1 1 binned images per side 1 2MB per image the HAARP computer system the MO drive is set up to start partitions at drive E An additional hard drive was installed into the HAARP imager to allow for rapid image processing of large data sets The 766MB hard drive has enough room to store two sides of an M O disk or one side of raw data and it s associated transformed images This disk was also installed to assure backup in the event of the IDE Hard Drive or the RICOH MO drive failing Another use for this drive is to collect large amounts of data quickl
247. ver one to four pixels we can predict single photon events as the CCD for the different gain settings and intensifier gain settings Int Gain Event e HI ADU MID ADU LO ADU ADC Gain 25e ADU 49e ADU 91e ADU Read Noise 24e 39e 63 1375 5500 55 220 28 112 15 60 95 380 3 15 1 8 1 4 MINx2 190 760 7 30 3 15 2 8 MINx4 380 1520 15 60 7 31 4 16 We see that the coupling between the intensifier and the CCD is probably marginal to resolve single photon events for MINIMUM intensifier gain Thus for extremely sensitive images irying to resolve single photon events the minimum coupling that should be used is Intensifier MIN gain amp CCD HI gain This confirms that LO gain should be used to extend the dynamic range of the ADC conversion and used for higher light levels It should be noted that the above numbers are estimates for photons created at 5577A and that there would be less photoelectrons from photons at other wavelengths see Figure 2 37 2 10 2 Theoretical Sensitivity of the HAARP Imager The following is a simple and quick calculation of expected sensitivity of the HAARP system Each image pixel at the CCD translates to an area at the filter the image diameter at the filter of 3 5 89mm covers 512 CCD pixels so the pixel size at the filter is 89 512 0 174mm giving a pixel area of 3 0 x 104 cm The F4 5 Pentax lens collects from a half angle of 6 4 0 112 radian
248. ver plate screws 33 With just these two screws holding the cover plate to the CCD head re install the CCD head into the CCD housing and take an image Using the two access holes in the front panel of the CCD housing slightly loosen the two screws and move the CCD head in the desired direction and re tighten the screws Take another image Repeat this process until the image is centered and tighten the two screws down tight Remove the CCD head and tighten in the remaining 4 screws in the cover plate Re install the CCD head in the imager 2 2 Relay Lens Optics As discussed in Section 1 10 a Rodenstock 100mm collimator lens is placed in front of the intensifier output image and is coupled to a Rodenstock 42mm camera lens which re images onto the CCD Rodenstock computed the Modulation Transfer Function for the HAARP setup Figure 2 13 using three different spatial frequencies 95 Ip mm 48 Ip mm and 24 p mm The results are shown in Figure 2 14 Roden siock XR Hehgon cco 100mm fi 5 10 2mm 25mm Imenc her ee Vacuum Window Pnosph 10mm Hegon EPa d 42mm FO 75 Figure 2 13 HAARP relay lens configurauon for Rodenstock measurements There is an intrinsic toss of light from the phosphor in the lens coupling determined by he solid angle subtended by the collimator lens The piot from Rodenstock gives an angle of 8 53 for the maximum from the focal plane to the edge of the image Since light from the phosphor exits over a
249. vidual parameters are displayed in a way that allows the user to adjust the values For instance in the filter list box filter 5 is shown to be a 7776A filter If the user really wanted this aq event to use a 5577A filter the user would select this filter 3 by selecting the button in the Filter Group and this value would be updated in the aq list Perhaps the user would also want to increase the intensifier gain to 3 The user would either edit the number in the Intensifier Gain box or change the value by selecting the up arrow by the side of the box If the user wanted to focus on looking at details in the darker part of the image they could change the maximum mapping vaiue from 4000 to say 2000 using the same approach Each time a parameter of the event is changed the event string in the aq list will be updated Thus after the above changes the event would look like Fi Exp Int min dfs 6 3 DAULI6 50 3 100 2000 rec Individual events can be selected by selecting the event in the aq list Once a new event is selected it s parameters will be updated in the controls on the nght hand side of the 128 window Events be inserted and deleted using the standard Windows API functions from either the Edit menu or using the standard keys such as Insert Delete There are other events in the aq list in the above example that do not come under the category of a default event There are presen
250. witch aqCurEntry nFilter fes break case EN LOOP eei break Etc Add the case for EN_NEWOP 12 Create the DoNewOpEntry function in AQRUN C This is the function that actually does the operation during the running of the acquisition table This function retrieves the operation parameters from the current aqEntry tp gt e and does the operation based on these parameters For example sce DoMathEnry DoLoopEntry DoPauseEntry Notice how the return values BEGIN and SDONE are vec diffe ently in the operations 13 Add the operation to the caw AQRUN C When the table is running the BEGIN step is the first step rin during an entry sequence see function nextStepInSequence If the entry 15 an operation tp gt e nFilter lt O then the appropriate DoNewOpEntry function that was written in 12 must be called This case must be added to the switch case here Roughly case BEGIN if tp e nFilter lt 0 Is operauon switch tp c nFiltet 170 case EN_ADD DcMathEntry break case EIN_LOOP retum DoLonpEnry case EN NEWOP DoNewOpEntryO New operation bieak These are all the steps necessary for adding a new operation A full REBUILD must be I done before testing cut the new code as the global header file MIPCTL was changed which affect the state of the pre compiled header 6 9 Jmage Comment Chronological Definitions 6 9 1 MIPCTL v2 0 7 10
251. x the image radius so as to minimize the deviations To achieve better telecentricity than the 19 shown would require specially designed aspheric elements 34 2 4 86 FoV 760 Parama 54 55 Fov 479 a RETE bezta 22255 53 EXIT PaP position Parad 0 36 Mpree 8 30 1 nod L 268 x lt _ 7 0309 d lee ele eo ee T BEST Focus x d 07 2 222 729 Fov 199 Figure 1 3 Shows typical ray diagrams for sorne other lenses with smailer fields of view Telecentric elements may be chosen for each of these lenses but focal lengths and spacings differ for each primary lens Deviation of Exit Cone from Perfect Telecentricity Fisheye Lens 2 00 aT CL deba aa tq ee BSS 0 00 e u lt 1 00 iin dk V PRG X 9 2 93 3 f 87 5 mm 2 00 Deviation Degrees NN f 838 i a 4 00 0 15 30 45 60 75 90 Field Angle Degrees Figure 1 4 Shows deviation from perfect telecentricity for various focal lengths of the combined plano convex telecentric elements Appropriate choice of focal iengths 87 5 mm and spacings limits deviation to S 1 degree 1 7 Re imaging Optics The re imaging optics to the image intensifier is shown schematically
252. xecutables are supplied in this directory These directories are included in the PATH for proper development In addition the TIGA drivers are instalied in this directory for communication with the GSP34010 graphics chip on the AFG board An Interpreter INTRP to run commands without compilation is supplied with this package and is very usefull for controlling the AFG board and for developing new applications Installing ITEX AFG affects AUTOEXEC BAT Microsoft WEP Directory WEP is a collection of Windows 3 1 games that were delivered with the GATEWAYS 2000 computer They have been left on the system and take up about 700K of disk space but can be removed if desired Microsoft Windows 3 1 Directory C windows Windows 3 1 is the operating system for the HAARP image processing system Familiarity with the system is essential for productive use of the system The software is installed on the HAARP computer in the default configuration and has been optimized for use with the MIPCTL application Windows 3 1 is started automatically on booting the computer at the end of execution of AUTOEXEC BAT If this is not desired AUTOEXEC BAT can be modified Installing Windows 3 1 affects AUTOEXEC BAT and creates WIN INI and SYSTEM INI Delrina WinFax Pro v3 0 Directory CAwinfax WinFax Pro is a Windows 3 1 program to allow FAX sending and receiving It has complete selection of cover pages and a custom cover page for KEO Consul
253. y when the write time of the RICOH MO drive is too long to take real time data After the data has been taken on the SCSI hard drive it can be backed up onto the MO disk when ume is not critical A Seagate WREN 6 SCSI drive ST4766N was chosen for the HAARP imager and installed intemally in senes with the RICOH MO disk This disk is terminated as it 1s the last drive in the SCSI chain The ST4766N is a full height disk drive 87 This drive can hold about 5800 2x2 binned images 1 8MB per image or about 1450 1x1 binned images 1 2MB per image A 200 MB Hard Drive is mounted internally in the system with an IDE controller DFI IDEIO This controller also has provisions for the parallel interface brought out to the back of the computer and two serial interfaces set up as COM1 and COM2 COMI is currently set up for a serial Microsoft Mouse and 2 is accessible for peripherals such as a serial printer rial rd A B amp B Electronics 1PORT RS 422 Board is used to interface to the Imager This board was chosen because it allows the selection of any available address for the COM address rather than the standard COM port addresses In addition it allows selection of IRQ s up to IRQIS This flexibility is needed in the HAARP IP System because the VGA board supplied in the Gateways 486 ATI Ultra uses the 4 I O address for it s own purposes The 3PXCCIA was installed using COM4 IRQ11 and the
254. y for tnc HAARP Imager Quoting sensitivities is always a little bit of a issue One can define sensitivity in many ways T pically KEO has tried to deter ne the minimum source illumination that is required to visuall detect the source object in the image Even this signal to noise is fairly subjective For this iow intensifier gain image statistics of a box inside the source area yields an average pixel value of 22 84 With the light source off the average pixel value is 20 79 with a Bias average of 19 8 Looking at the statistics of ihe same source with the intensifier at maxirnurn we get an average pixel intensity of 50 63 with the background averaging 22 50 This says we have a much better signal to noise but actually it only looks bette because each photon creates a much highe pixe event at maximum gain tvom the above analysis it appears that the most significant measure of sensitivity is probably what percentage of pixels get filled in the image From the analysis in Section 2 10 2 we see that a 5R source at 4867A should fill about 20 of the pixels Figure 2 4 confinas this result and points out hat it is fairly easy to visually detect a source in this situation However even at 2R or 9 of pixels fillzd in Figure 2 45 we can see that the source 15 detectable henc the subjectivity The minimu n sensitivity siould be a function of the photocathude response and it was mca ured for the HAARP mager at the followi

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