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Model 260/Timer User`s Manual - J

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1. Section 3 Operations Guide 3 1 Front Panel Description 15 amp 16 On Back Turn to Set Time Push to Select Ramp to Setpoint Model 260 Timer Figure 1 J KEM highly recommends that all users read Section 4 4 How to Set Up a Reaction with J KEM Scientific s Digital Temperature Controller prior to using the controller for the first time 1 Temperature Display Shows temperature of the process as the default display Shows set point temperature i e the desired temperature when 2 button is pressed Control Key When pressed the display shows the set point temperature To decrease or increase the set point press the W key 3 or A key 4 while simultaneously pressing the control key The set point appears as a blinking number in the display Lowers the set point when x button 2 is simultaneously pressed Raises set point when x button 2 is simultaneously pressed Temperature Sensor Input Use the same type of thermocouple as the sensor plug installed on the controller see Section 3 4 The correct sensor type will have the same color plug as the receptacle 5 on the front of the controller Controller On Off switch For maximum accuracy of the displayed temperature turn the controller on 15 minutes prior to use WARNING Due to the nature of solid state relays a small amount of output power 7 5 mA 120 VAC 0 9 watts is present at outlets 9 even when the co
2. ON at Zero OFF at Zero Hold in timer knob for 1 second to store time and start timer Turn to Set Time y ed Push to Select OFF at Zero ON st Zero Push Push Push to Turn to Select g 17 Delay Heating for a Set Period of Time In this mode the user enters an amount of time to delay before turning on power to the heater This is useful to start heating a reaction or piece of equipment automatically at a specific time While at this setting and while entering a time into the timer no power is applied to the heater ON Zero Push to Select g Se g9 OFP ZS Turn to t Time Step 1 When the timer displays t on holding the timer knob in for 1 second causes the display to change to a clock that shows 00 00 The left 2 digits are hours and the right 2 digits are minutes The minutes digits are blinking which indicates that their value can be changed ON at Zero Ores ze Turn to Set Time LY Push to Select Hold in the timer knob for 1 second ON at Zero Push to ia Select y OFF at Zero Turn to Set Time Step 2 To increase the number of minutes rotate the timer knob to the right To decrease the number of minutes rotate the timer knob to the left OFF at Zero ON at Zero OFF at Zero ON at Zero Rotate knob to enter minutes Turn to Set Time Push to Push to Turn to elec Eo Set lime Select
3. C are set to the 100 ml flask 25 power volume range on the front panel When choosing between 2 100 ml heating mantle power settings i e 80 ml also falls within both the 10 100 ml SP 80 C range and the 50 500 ml range choose the higher setting 80 ml collidine Even though the solvent volume is less than the range of this 100 ml flask 300 ml 2 L power setting it should be used because high temperatures 100 ml heating mantle 50 power require additional power SP 170 C 80 ml water While the setting 50 500 ml would work since the heat 100 ml flask 300 ml 2 L capacity of water is twice that of a typical organic solvent 100 ml heating mantle 50 power 1 cal g K a higher power setting can be used to SP 80 C compensate for the higher heat capacity 125 ml toluene When the heating mantle size is substantially larger 5X 1 L flask 10 100 ml than the volume being heated i e the heating mantle has 1 L heating mantle 10 power excess heating capacity for the volume being heated a lower SP 80 C power setting gives better control 150 ml toluene Even though the solvent volume isn t included in this power 250 ml flask 10 100 ml setting it should be used because low temperatures are better 250 ml heating mantle 10 power regulated with less power SP 35 C Avoid switching between the different power levels while the controller is heating Specifically do not initially set the controller on a h
4. Set Time 2 OT ON at Zero aon hetine a in the timer Sl cb for 1 second W for 1 second Turn to Push to Select A gt Set Time Step 2 To increase the number of minutes rotate the timer knob to the right To decrease the number of minutes rotate the timer knob to the left OFF at Zero Pash to Turn to Set Time OFF Le SE a ay To Rotate knob to enter minutes Turn to Set Time Push to Select A R Step 3 To change the number of hours in the display momentarily press the timer knob 1 4 second and the hours digits begin to blink To increase the number of hours rotate the timer knob to the right To decrease the number of hours rotate the timer knob to the left Step 4 When the desired time is displayed hold in the timer knob for 1 second to enter the time and start the timer When the timer starts the LED under the label OFF at Zero lights This indicates that power to the heater will turn OFF when the timer counts down to zero At any time the timer program can be aborted by holding in the timer knob for 1 second When this is done the display changes to toFF To turn on heating push the timer knob twice until the display reads On Momentarily push knob to lock in minutes Push to Select j lt gt ON at Zero Push to Select Cy Turn to Set Time OFF at Zero Turn to Set Time Rotate knob to enter hours
5. tuning constants and for the most part they are expressed in units of time since they represent delay times rate of heat transfer times and rate of error accumulation The relative value of each constant depends on the physical characteristics of the process being heated For example for the same amount of input power the rate of heat transfer is twice as high for hexane as compared to water since the coefficient of heat for hexane is 0 54 calories g C and water is 1 0 calorie gram C That means that 1000 watt seconds of input power will raise the temperature of 10 g of hexane 44 C while the same amount of power causes a 24 C rise in water In theory the tuning constants needed to heat hexane are different from those to heat water Fortunately your J KEM controller is self adaptive and is able to adjust it s heating characteristics for different solvents such as hexane and water Even with the controller s self adaptive algorithms the tuning constants have to be reasonably close to a proper set or the controller will not produce stable temperature control see Section 2 1 When a controller is shipped the default set of tuning constants loaded into the controller are those appropriate for heating typical organic reactions 1 e small molecule chemistry in low boiling lt 160 C organic solvents using heating mantles since this is the most common application for J KEM controllers Since it s impossible for J KEM to pred
6. 1200 watts Set the power reduction Infrared heaters circuit to the gt 2 L position Inductive loads lt 6 amps 720 The controller must be solenoids programmed for this use transformers Request application note ANS 11 3 3 n Q o z 2 3 Ramp to Setpoint amp Soak Feature A new feature of J KEM s controllers called Ramp To Setpoint allows you to enter a specific heating rate e g heat to 120 C at a rate of 5 C Hour a second feature called Soak then lets you specify how long to stay at that temperature before turning off Examples of Program Ramps Power Off Temperature Temperature Nn Q ch 3 S 5 Cna Time The controller is shipped with the Ramp to Setpoint feature OFF the user must specifically turn Ramp to Setpoint ON When Ramp to Setpoint is OFF the controller heats to the entered setpoint at the fastest rate possible When Ramp to Setpoint is ON the controller heats at the user entered ramp rate The Ramp to Setpoint feature and its associated parameters are turned on and set in the controller s programming mode The parameters of importance are 12 SPrr_ SetPoint Ramp Rate Allowable Values 0 to 9990 deg Hr This specifies the desired rate of heating cooling Note this parameter specifies the desired rate of heating cooling but in cases of extremely high ramp rates the reaction will not actually heat faster than the power of the heater
7. both keys Press the W key once and the word LEUL appears in the display While holding in the key press the key until the value 3 appears in the display then release all keys Press the key until the word ChEy appears in the display While holding in the key press the key until on appears in the display then release all keys Hold in both the W and keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys Automatic temperature logging is now on and will remain on until the controller is turned off or logging is turned off manually by repeating this procedure except in Step 3 pressing the M key until the word off appears Procedure to Read Minimum and Maximum Temperatures Press and hold in both the W and keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both keys Press the W key once and the word LEUL appears in the display While holding in the key press the key until the value 3 appears in the display then release all keys Press the key until the word rEAd appears in the display The rEAd screen displays 3 parameters Variance the difference between the highest and lowest logged temperatures Hold in the key and the display will alternate between UAr and number of degrees of variance High Temperature the highest temperature since the logging option w
8. eens 10 3 1 Front Panel Descriptions eosog yt eta teas Ss Os 10 3 2 Heater RestictiOns 2 oextgh ene a bee eee eee ead 11 3 3 Ramp to Setpoint amp Soak Feature 00 12 3 4 Temperature Sensor Input 0 0 0 eee eee eee 14 3 Timer Conwols 222 ete ad ee tues tes ee ees 15 3 6 Over Temperature Protection Circuit 000 19 3 7 Power Reduction Circuit s cence este euw eee eas ews 19 Selecting the right power setting 3 8 Affect of Power Setting on Heating Profile 21 3 9 Do s and Don ts When Using Your Controller 22 3 10 Resetting the Controller for use With Heating Mantles 23 3 11 Changing the Temperature Display Resolution 24 3 12 Changing Between PID and ON OFF Operating Modes 24 313 Tro blesh otng seiu ane a e a am St tae Raw eee eed 23 25 Ol EUSIAN E a Diop S eis oe e ete ale E we OE ARE ewe aig aA 26 4 APPLICATION NOTES vid ips BES PIE Re oe RR 27 4 1 Theory of How the Controller Works Simply 27 4 2 Controlling the Heating Mantle Temperature Directly 28 4 3 Automatic Storage of Min Max Temperatures 29 4 4 How to Set Up a Reaction With Your Temperature Controller 30 APPENDIX Leini Oe cP Pe Nes ae 34 I Using the Controller with Oil Baths Application Note 1 34 Il Safety Considerations and Accurate Temperature Control 35 Il Resetting the Con
9. 6 then Push knob for 1 4 second Hold in knob Function Change Enter Minutes gt Enter Hours Push knob for 1 4 second Sa ON at Zero OFF at Zero ON at Zer ON at Zero OFF si Zero ale ete Push knob for Hold in knob 1 4 second for 1 second Push to Select Program Push to Turn to Function Push to Turn to Program Push to Turn to Set Time Change 4 p Set Time Change Select P Set Time Change Select Set Time o 2 then x Enter Minutes gt Enter Hours S To immediately exit a timed run hold in the timer knob for 1 second 16 Heating for a Set Period of Time In this mode the user enters the amount of time to heat before turning heating off permanently This is useful to heat a reaction or other lab instrument for a set period of time and then have the reaction stop heating automatically While at this setting and while entering a time into the timer no power is applied to the heater OFF at Zero ON at Zero Turn to Set Time Push to Select g i Step 1 When the timer displays toFF holding in the timer knob causes the display to change to a clock showing 00 00 The left 2 digits are hours and the right 2 digits are minutes The minutes digits are blinking which indicates that their value can be changed ON at Zero Push to Select g OFF at Zero
10. J KEM s web site at www jkem com KEM Net provides remote control of up to 8 controllers graphical presentations of each digital meter and time amp temperature plots Highlights of KEM Net include GLP and GMP compliant data logging Runs a 12 step temperature ramp Logging of Time and Temperature Logging of Power for Exo and Endotherm detection Program KEM IO Actions Section 3 10 Over amp Under temperature alarm functions EB J KEM Sceftific KEM Net Control Your World Pre 4 KEM Net also includes a virtual comm port driver that provides a simple ASCII interface to operate and data log the controller from LabView or other software packages New Features GMP compliant data logging Exo and Enotherm monitoring KEM IO Remote Control of Laboratory Equipment based on Time and Temperature KEM IO is an optional feature that allows the controller to respond to inputs from instruments like a vacuum sensor or a hood door switch and also to control instruments like stirrers and chillers based on reaction temperature KEM IO automates programs as simple as Heat my reaction to 80 C then turn on my peristaltic pump to add reagents or as sophisticated as Turn on my stirrer then ramp my reaction from 25 C to 100 C if 45 minutes hold for 2 hours then turn off heating When the reaction cools to 50 C turn off the stirrer If at any point the reaction exotherms and heats above 110 C turn o
11. appears in the display then let go of all the keys Press and hold in both the and keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys 3 11 Changing the Temperature Display Resolution The controller is programmed to display temperature with 0 1 C resolution The controller can be changed to 1 C resolution if by following the procedure below the display can also be changed to read in F call for information There are two reasons to change the display resolution 1 To enter a setpoint faster the display scrolls 10X faster in 1 mode than in 0 1 mode 2 To display temperatures above 999 9 Press and hold in both the and keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both Press the key once and LEVL appears in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the key until 2 appears in the display then let go of all the keys Press the key repeatedly until the word diSP appears in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the or key until the value 1 not 0 1 appears in the display then let go of all the keys Press and hold in both the and keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys 23 3 12 Changing Between PID and ON OFF Operating Modes The controller can heat in either of 2 operating mo
12. correctly Heaters Your J KEM controller works with virtually any 120 volt or 230 volt heaters outside of the USA heater including any size heating mantle 120 vac oil baths hot plates ovens and many other style heaters If you have questions about the compatibility of specific heaters please contact j KEM 1 liter heating mantle 10 ml heating mantle Oil bath 31 Classes of J KEM Scientific Temperature Controllers J KEM s 200 Series Apollo and Gemini controllers are compatible with any size heating mantle from 5 ml to 50 liter and any 120 Vac oil bath do not use with oil baths rated less than 120 Vac J KEM s 150 Series economy controllers are compatible with 500 ml heating mantles and larger and 120 Vac oil baths do not use with oil baths rated less than 120 Vac J KEM s 230 Vac controllers are compatible with any 230 Vac heating mantle 100ml and larger They are not compatible with any size oil bath Shown is a typical set up for a solution phase reaction 1 Place the reaction flask in the appropriate size heating mantle then plug the power cord from the mantle directly into the power outlet of the temperature controller 2 Place a stirring bar inside of the flask in the solution Place the flask on a magnetic stirrer and stir the reaction for good heat transfer 3 Place a thermocouple in solution and make sure that at least the first 4 1 2 is better is covered by the fluid in the reaction
13. display While holding in the key press the W or key until the value 2 appears in the display then release all keys Press the key once and the word dEr t will appear in the display While holding in the key press the W or key until the value 5 appears in the display then release all keys Press the key once and the word dAC will appear in the display While holding in the key press the W or key until the value 5 0 appears in the display then release all keys Press the key once and the word CyC t will appear in the display While holding in the key press the W or key until the value 5 0 appears in the display then release all keys Press and hold in both the W and keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys To return to using thermocouples in solution perform Procedure 1 in Section 2 3 4 3 Automatic Storage of Min Max Temperatures The controller automatically records the minimum and maximum temperatures of a process by following the procedure below These temperatures are updated continuously after the routine is started and cleared by turning the controller off This procedure must be started every time you want to record temperatures Procedure to Start Temperature Logging Press and hold in both the W and keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release
14. flask Heater power cord 32 4 Enter the temperature that you want to heat the reaction to 1 e the Setpoint into the digital meter To enter the setpoint temperature i e the temperature to heat to into the controller 1 Hold in the Star button on the face of the digital meter 2 While holding in the Star button press the Up arrow to increase and the Down arrow to decrease the setpoint temperature When the desired setpoint temperature is showing in the display release the star button to load the setpoint When no buttons are pressed on the controller the controller shows the temperature sensed by the thermocouple When the Star button is pressed the setpoint appears as a blinking number Up to increase and Star button Down to decrease arrows 5 Set the correct Power Control Level Your J KEM controller has a built in Power Control Computer PCC that precisely regulates power to the heater For the computer to work correctly it must know the volume of solution that is being heated It s important to understand that the PCC is set to the Volume of solution being heated not the size of the heater or the size of the flask or a a 10 100 mi 50 500 ml j 1 10 ml Lf 300 m2 L Heat gt 2L ofi t Power Level 15 ml of solution in a 100 ml flask 75 ml of solution in a 100 ml flask If the flask above is placed in a 100 ml heating mantle the power control input should be The
15. is restored following a power failure Power remains disconnected until being manually reset by turning power to he controller off and then back on This circuit is armed when the alarm switch 7 is placed in either the Light or Alarm position and is off when placed in the Off position When in the Off position this circuit will not disconnect power during an over temperature condition If the alarm switch is set to Light and an over temperature condition occurs the LED 8 lights and the timer window displays the word HELP Ifthe alarm switch is set to Alarm when an over temperature condition occurs the LED 8 lights an audible alarm sounds and the timer window displays the word HELP If a timer program is running when the over temperature condition occurs the timer windows alternates between the word HELP and the time remaining in the timer program when the alarm occurred The high temperature limit i e the limit that must be exceeded to trigger this circuit is factory programmed for 5 C but can be set lower or higher limits Please contact J KEM for assistance If a small high temperature limit is programmed such as 1 2 the process should be allowed to stabilize at the set point before this circuit is turned on since a small over shoot of the set point on initial warm up should be expected Power Reduction Circuit This circuit 10 limits the maximum output power delivered by the controller It determines w
16. meter that automatically calculates the tuning parameters i e delay times heating efficiency etc for any type of heater After the autotune procedure is complete the controller automatically stores the tuning parameters in non volatile memory Heating mantles are a special case and are covered in a separate paragraph Section 2 3 Autotuning Procedure This procedure is not recommended for heating mantles see Section 2 3 l Set the equipment up in the exact configuration it will be used For example to tune to a vacuum oven place the thermocouple in the room temperature oven and plug the oven into the controller If the oven or heater has its own thermostat or power control turn both as high as they ll go 2 Set the controller to the appropriate power level see Section 3 7 Make sure the timer circuit is set to ON i e the timer window displays On see Section 3 5 Turn the Over Temperature Protection Circuit 7 to the OFF position Turn the controller and heater on and enter the desired set point temperature If the set point isn t at least 30 C above ambient skip this procedure and go to the next procedure Autotuning the Controller for Very Fine Control 3 Press and hold in both the 48 and buttons for 3 seconds on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both buttons 4 Press the button 5 times until CyC t appears in the display if y
17. on Since this heat is never sensed by the thermocouple the controller heats continuously If the thermocouple or heater are removed from solution unplug the heater or preferably lower the set point below room temperature so no heat is called for use the controller to regulate an exothermic process The controller has no capacity for cooling If an exotherm is expected it must be controlled in another manner use an appropriate size flask and heater for the volume being heated Use the smallest flask and heating mantle that accommodates the reaction This ensures that the heating power of the heating mantle closely matches the volume being heated This also allows the solution to radiate excess heat to minimize temperature overshoots place the thermocouple directly in the solution Place at least the first 1 4 of the thermocouple directly into the solution If a corrosive mixture is heated use a Teflon coated thermocouple or use the external thermocouple method Section 4 2 avoid exposure of the controller to corrosive gases and liquids The atmosphere of a research hood is corrosive to all electronics Place the controller outside the hood away from corrosive gases 22 3 10 Resetting the Controller for Use With Heating Mantles If you want to use your controller with heating mantles after it s been tuned for a different style heater rather than autotuning the controller with the heating mantle J KEM recommends that the contro
18. original factory settings follow the procedure in the Appendix Section II 24 3 13 Troubleshooting Corrective Problem Cause Action Large over shoot of the Power reduction circuit is set Set the power reduction circuit to a lower setting see set point gt 3 during too high Section 3 7 initial warm up or unstable temperature control Controller is not tuned for Tune the controller as outlined in Section 2 process being heated The process heats too Power reduction circuit is set Increase the power reduction circuit to the next slowly too low higher setting see Section 3 7 The heating power of the Replace with higher power heater For assistance heater is too low contact J KEM The controller does not Controller is unplugged Plug securely into wall outlet come on The 3 amp fuse has blown Replace blown fuse See Section 3 14 The controller comes on The 15 amp fuse has blown Replace blown fuse See Section 3 14 but does not heat The heater is broken To verify that the controller is functioning properly place the power level switch on the gt 2L setting and enter a set point of 100 C Plug a light into the outlet of the controller then wait 1 minute If the light comes on the controller is working properly The over temperature Set the over temperature protection circuit to the OFF protection circuit is engaged position then turn the Power Reduction Circuit to the OFF position Th
19. power control computer is always set to the Volume of solution being heated not the If the flask above is placed in a 100 ml heating mantle the power control input should be set to the 50 500 ml setting set to the 10 100 ml setting size of the flask or heater When the power control computer is set to the correct power level your controller can regulate virtually any heater to 0 1 C with less than 1 C overshoot on initial warming Test System Set Point 115 C 2 Lof N N dimethylformamide 3 L Round Bottomed Flask 3 L Heating Mantle i Test System Set Point 85 C Standard Lab Oven Temperature C Test System Set Point 55 C 12 mL of THF 25 mL Round Bottomed Flask 25 mL Heating Mantle 20 Time min 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 For a detailed explanation of the Power Control Computer see Section Two in the controller s User manual 33 Appendix I Using the Controller With an Oil Bath Application Note 1 Using your 200 Series controller with oil baths rated for less than 120 volt operation is not recommended J KEM manufactures a 400 Series controller designed for use with oil baths rated for any voltage and is recommended for this application The 200 Series controller can be used with an oil bath rated for 120 volt operation without any special setup Simply place the flask and the thermocouple directly in the oil set the appropriate power set
20. steps 3 8 and 9 except in step 8 press the V button until off is displayed 2 3 2 4 Autotune Errors The autotune routine can fail for several reasons If it fails the controller displays the error message tunE FAIL To remove this message turn the controller off for 10 seconds Try the procedure titled Autotuning the Controller for Very Fine Control above If autotune fails again call and discuss your application with one of our engineers A common problem when tuning at high temperatures or with large volumes is for the heater to be underpowered A more powerful heater may be needed contact J KEM for assistance Tuning for Heating Mantles A Special Case This section gives special consideration to heating mantles since they re the most common heaters used in research Every heating mantle size has its own optimum set of tuning parameters and if you wanted the controller could be tuned or autotuned every time a different size was used However this is cumbersome and is also unnecessary Factory tests show that there s a set of tuning parameters that delivers good performance for all heating mantle sizes These tuning parameters were loaded into the controller at the factory prior to your receiving it If you re using a heating mantle and none of the parameters have been changed or the controller hasn t been autotuned since you ve received it you re ready to go Ifthe tuning parameters have been chang
21. will allow SPrn SetPoint Ramp Run Allowable Values ON OFF Hold This parameter turns the Ramp to Setpoint feature ON or OFF During an active run if this parameter is set to Hold the setpoint ramp stops and holds at its current value This continues until the parameter is set to ON or OFF When set to OFF the values in SetPoint Ramp Rate and Soak Time are ignored SoAK Soak Time Allowable Values 0 to 1440 min This specifies the amount of time to soak at the setpoint after the setpoint temperature ramp is complete A setting of causes the controller to remain at the final setpoint indefinitely A numeric value causes the controller to stay at the setpoint for the entered time and then turn power to the heater off after the time expires Important Points to Know 1 While the Ramp to Setpoint feature in activated the display alternates between the current reaction temperature and the word SPr to indicate that a SetPoint Ramp is active 2 This controller is equipped with a digital 100 hour timer the digital timer and the Ramp to Setpoint feature are completely independent of each other For example if the digital timer is set to turn heating OFF after 5 hours heating is turned off even if a ramp step is in progress Likewise if a Soak time turns heating off after 3 hours and the digital timer is set to turn heating off after 10 hours the digital timer has no effect since the expired Soak t
22. HE PURCHASER TO J KEM SCIENTIFIC INC FOR THE UNIT OR UNITS OF EQUIPMENT DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY SUCH BREACH Service J KEM Scientific maintains its own service facility and technical staff to service all parts of the controller usually in 24 hours For service contact J KEM Scientific Inc 6970 Olive Boulevard St Louis MO 63130 USA 314 863 5536 FAX 314 863 6070 Web site http www jkem com E Mail jkem911 jkem com This manual contains parameters specific to temperature controller Serial When calling with a technical question please have the controller s serial number available You ve purchased the most versatile controller available to the research community We re confident it can regulate ANY heating cooling situation you ll ever encounter If the information in this manual isn t adequate to make your application work call our Engineering Department for assistance With J KEM s patented Microtune circuitry INDEX SECTION PAGE 1 QUICK OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 4 KEM NET DATA LOGGING AND CONTROL SOFTWARE 5 2 ADJUSTING THE CONTROLLER FOR STABLE CONTROL WITH VARIOUS HEATERS 6 2A OW Aatas TUNNE st soe hee n eae ees Bae BES Ce ae ORES 6 2 2 Autotuning Procedure i42 eine bee eee el oe Pek ea es 7 2 3 Tuning for Heating Mantles A Special Case 9 24 Sensor Placement sooren Seka fee e a a Ea R 9 3 OPERATIONS GUIDE 00
23. Temperature Control for Research and Industry Model 260 Timer User s Manual M Scientific Inc Instruments for Science from Scientists Warranty J KEM Scientific Inc warrants this unit to be free of defects in materials and workmanship and to give satisfactory service for a period of 12 months from date of purchase If the unit should malfunction it must be returned to the factory for evaluation If the unit is found to be defective upon examination by J KEM it will be repaired or replaced at no charge However this WARRANTY is VOID if the unit shows evidence of having been tampered with or shows evidence of being damaged as a result of excessive current heat moisture vibration corrosive materials or misuse This WARRANTY is VOID if devices other than those specified in Section 3 2 are powered by the controller Components which wear or are damaged by misuse are not warranted This includes contact points fuses and solid state relays THERE ARE NO WARRANTIES EXCEPT AS STATED HEREIN THERE ARE NO OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE IN NO EVENT SHALL J KEM SCIENTIFIC INC BE LIABLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL INCIDENTAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES THE BUYER S SOLE REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF THIS AGREEMENT BY J KEM SCIENTIFIC INC OR ANY BREACH OF ANY WARRANTY BY J KEM SCIENTIFIC INC SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID BY T
24. analogy If you had turned the range off just as the water temperature reached 80 C the final temperature probably would not exceed 82 C by the time the range coil cooled down because the volume of water is so large In most situations a 2 C overshoot is acceptable But what if you were heating 3 tablespoons 45 mL of water and turned the stove off just as the temperature reached 80 C In this case the final temperature would probably approach 100 C before the range cooled down A 20 C overshoot is no longer acceptable Unfortunately this is the situation in most research heating applications That is small volumes lt 2 L heated by very high efficiency heating mantles that contain large amounts of heat even after the power is turned off Your controller handles the problem of latent heat in the heating mantle in two ways 1 The controller measures the rate of temperature rise during the initial stages of heating It then uses this information to determine the temperature at which heating should be stopped to avoid exceeding the set point Using the range analogy this might mean turning the power off when the water temperature reached 60 C and allowing the latent heat of the burner to raise the water temperature from 60 to 80 C This calculation is done by the controller and is independent of the operator The next feature of the controller is directly under operator control and has a major impact on the amount of overshoot o
25. as turned on While holding in the key press the key once and the display will alternate between hi and the highest recorded temperature Low Temperature While holding in the key press the 48 key once and the display will alternate between Lo and the lowest recorded temperature The High and Lo temperatures can be examined as often as you like since updating and monitoring continues until the monitor is stopped by turning the controller off Press and hold in both the W and keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys 29 4 4 How to Set Up a Reaction with J KEM Scientific s Digital Temperature Controller This application note shows how to set up a typical heated reaction using J KEM Scientific s digital temperature controller For this example the Model Gemini controller is used but the application note applies equally well to all J KEM temperature controller models If you have questions about specific models of temperature controllers or any safety related question please feel free to contact J KEM Scientific This application note does not supercede any information in the Controllers actual User manual The User manual for each model is always the reference for that model The Model Gemini is a dual channel controller that allows two independent reactions to be run on the same controller one reaction on Channel and the second on Channel 2 In this example we wil
26. ay First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the W or key until the value 30 then let go of all the keys 7 Press and hold in both the V and A keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys Sensor Placement Placement of the sensor is basically common sense The sensor should be positioned to sense the average temperature of the medium being heated That means the thermocouple should be shielded from direct exposure to the heater but not so distant that a rise in temperature isn t sensed by the controller within a reasonable period of time Several examples follow that show the type of consideration that should be given to sensor placement Use With Place the sensor in the solution Stir vigorously so that heat is homogeneously mixed throughout the solution Tape a thin wire thermocouple directly to the HPLC column Place several layers of paper over the thermocouple to insulate it from the heating tape the thermocouple should sense the column temperature not the heater temperature Wrap the HPLC column completely with heating tape The thermocouple needs to be shielded from transient hot and cold air currents Don t Oven place the thermocouple near the heating coil or an air vent A small thermocouple 1 16 or 1 8 thermocouple that responds rapidly to changes in air temperature is better than a larger one Solutions HPLC column heated with a heating tape
27. ay Let go of all the keys 21 Press the A key until rEU d appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value Ir 2r appears in the display Let go of all the keys 22 Press the A key until ZEro appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the V or A key until the value appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key until the word VEr appears in the display Next hold in both the V and A keys for about 8 seconds until the word LoCY appears in the display Let go of all the keys 24 Press the V key until the word no AL appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value on appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the V key until the word LEVL appears in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the Y key until 1 appears in the display Let go of all the keys 27 Press the key until SEt 2 appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the or W keys until the value 5 0 is entered Let of go of all keys If your controller does not have a USB port on the back skip to step 33 First hold in the key then while holding in the key press 5 the VY
28. ays On see Section 3 5 Turn the Over Temperature Protection Circuit 7 to the OFF position Turn the controller and heater on then enter the desired set point temperature Press and hold in both the 4 and buttons for 3 seconds on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both buttons Press the button 5 times until CyC t appears in the display if you go past this setting press the button until you get back to it First hold in the button while holding in the button press the Y button Continue to hold both buttons in until the display reads A or A where is some number Release the button and press the W button until tunE once again appears in the display Press and hold the button and tunE changes to off to indicate that autotune is off While holding in the button press the 8 button to change the display to At SP then release both buttons Press and hold both the 4 and W buttons 3 seconds until the temperature appears in the display The controller is now in its autotune mode While in autotune the display alternates between tunE for autotune and the process temperature When the autotune sequence is done this may take in excess of an hour the controller stops displaying tunE and only displays the process temperature To abort autotune manually repeat
29. calls for power to be applied The controller always enters the off state when power is turned on or following recovery from a power failure The controller also enters the off state when the power reduction circuit is set to the Heat Off position see Section 3 7 In the on state the timer circuit applies power to the heater when the temperature meter calls for power to be applied Whenever power is applied to the heater the small LED dot on the left of the timer window is lit Depending on the power needs of the heater this dot may blink rapidly The toFF state standing for Time Off allows the user to enter the amount of time the controller should heat until heating is automatically turned off While time is present in the timer power is applied to the heater when the time counts down to 0 heating is turned off See the section below titled Heating for a Set Period of Time The t on state standing for Time On allows the user to enter an amount of time to delay before applying power to the heater While time is present in the timer no power is applied to the heater even if the temperature meter calls for power to be applied but when time counts down to 0 heat is turned on indefinitely See the section below titled Delay Heating for a Set Period of Time 15 Over View of the Timer Functions The timer knob is a multi function knob When it s pushed in for 1 4 second it causes the timer to adva
30. ced IT MUST BE REPLACED BY AN EXACT EQUIVALENT a Tron KAA 15 or Bussman KAX 15 One of these fuses or an exact equivalent must be used or a significant safety hazard will be created and will void the warranty 26 Section 4 Application Notes Supplemental application notes on the following topics are available by contacting J KEM Application Note Subject How to heat oil baths with your controller Included in Appendix AN2 Changing the controllers thermocouple type Changing the heating outlet into a cooling outlet 4 1 Theory of How the Controller Works Simply For the purpose of explaining how the controller works the example of a solution heated with a heating mantle is used The principles are the same for all heater types Thermocouple ect eg 120 vac Le ig tay awa atte es i Power to heater Temperature of process from the thermocouple Heating mantle Figure 2 The controller the heating mantle and the thermocouple form a closed loop feedback system When the process temperature is below the set point the controller turns the heating mantle on and then monitors the temperature rise of the solution If a small rise results indicating a large volume is being heated the controller sets internal parameters appropriate for heating large volumes Ifa large rise in temperature results the controller responds by loading a set of parameters appropriate for heating small volumes For the controller
31. des PID Proportional Integral Derivative or ON OFF mode The difference between them is the way they supply power to the heater In ON OFF mode the simplest heating mode the controller is ON when it s below Temperature continues ON OFF Mode the set point and OFF when above The Terp cg wae disadvantage of this mode is a large over Set gt a Point shoot of the set point 5 30 on initial warm up and oscillation of temperature around the set point thereafter The reason for the overshoot is because the heater turns off only after crossing the set point and until re a the heater cools down the temperature power i L continues to rise This method works well for heaters that transfer heat rapidly such as heat lamps it s acceptable for heaters such as heating mantles 5 overshoot but it s terrible for heaters that transfer heat slowly vacuum ovens heating blocks etc In PID mode the controller monitors the Terp PD shape of the heating curve during initial 4 Temperature i 5 a of solution warm up and decreases power to the heater Point ae before the set point is reached so that the solution reaches the set point with minimal over shoot Notice that the heater turns off ipod for varying periods of time before the set l AA point temperature is reached The second LLU UL Hil feature of PID mode is that it adjusts the JE nm percent of time the heater is on so that the set point is ma
32. e display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value C appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key once and the word SP1 d appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value SSd appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press in both the V and A keys until the temperature appears in the display the word PArk also appears then release both keys Hold in the key then press the A key until a value gt 100 is entered Let go of all the keys Hold in both the V and A keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both keys Press the A key once and the word bAnd will appear in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value 10 appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key once and the word int t will appear in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value 10 appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key once and the word dEr t will appear in the display Next hold in the key while holding in the key press the A key until the value 50 appears in the display Let go of all the keys Pr
33. e over temperature protection circuit must be in the OFF position when the controller is initially turned on see Section 3 6 The timer controls are set See Section 3 5 incorrectly Controller blinks inPt FAIL The temperature sensor is Clean or replace broken sensor unplugged excessively corroded or broken The process temperature is Correct the over temperature condition hotter than the alarm temperature PArk Controller has been placed in 1 Holdin both the and keys on the front of the J Park mode KEM temperature meter until tunE appears in the display 2 First hold in the key then while holding in the x key press the key until OFF appears 3 Hold in the and keys until the temperature appears in the display tunE FAIL Autotune routine failed Turn off controller for 10 seconds See Section 2 2 25 Corrective Problem Cause Action Displayed temperature is The controller has not The display temperature reads low when the incorrect warmed up controller is first turned on but will self correct as it warms up The controller can be used immediately Note Types K and J since it will warm up during the initial stages of heating thermocouples display negative temperatures but are not calibrated for them Wrong type of thermocouple Thermocouples are color coded Thermocouple plug is plugged into controller and thermocouple receptacle
34. ed or the controller has been autotuned and you want to go back to using heating mantles perform the procedure below to manually load the tuning parameters for heating mantles Procedure 1 Perform when using heating mantles with round bottomed flasks This procedure takes about 2 minutes to perform 1 Press and hold in both the V and A keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both keys 2 Press the key once and the word bAnd will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the W or key until the value 10 appears then let go of all the keys 3 Press the key once and the word int t will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the V or M key until the value 10 appears then let go of all the keys 4 Press the key once and the word dEr t will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the Y or key until the value 50 then let go of all the keys 5 Press the key once and the word dAC will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the Y or key until the value 3 0 then let go of all the keys 6 Press the key once and the word CyC t will appear in the displ
35. emperature protection circuit can be turned on if desired by Light setting this switch to the Alarm or Light position See Section 3 6 Place the thermocouple in the solution being heated Place at least the first 1 2 of the thermocouple directly in the solution being heated Thermocouples can be bent without harming them If you re heating a corrosive liquid use a Teflon coated thermocouple If you are heating a sealed reaction see Section 4 2 Set the power level switch to the TIP Because the power switch acts 3 10 100 ml 50 500 ml ause SWI t volume of solution being heated lom 30m2 like iera if the o is heating not the size of the flask being used Ng K too row Ty or you ne d moreipower The power level switch can be thought of og as a solid state variac Volume ranges are printed above this switch as a guide to select the correct power level since it s Heat Sf t Output Ower Level 2 e g heating to high temperatures give the heater more power by turning the power level up one setting If the reaction needs less power than normal e g heating to easier to guess the volume being heated A power is equivalent to low temperatures lt 60 C or the than the appropriate percent power to _ setting of a variac setting of temperature overshoots the set point apply to a heater Heat Off turns off 1 10 ml 3 excessively turn the power down one the heater so the control
36. entered at the time of original calibration Procedure to Reset the Controller to Original Factory Settings Set the Over Protection circuit 12 to the OFF position Press and hold in both the V and A keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both keys Press the Y key until LEVL appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until 3 appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key until rSEt appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the press the A key until the word All appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press and hold in both the V and A keys until the word inPt appears in the display then release both keys The value that needs to be entered depends of the type of thermocouple receptacle your controller was shipped with Determine the thermocouple type below Color of thermocouple receptacle Fig 1 9 Value to enter Blue type T tok Yellow type K te E Black type J te d First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value from the table above appears in the display Let go of all the keys NOTE Many of the patterns for this parameter look similar be careful to select the exact pattern shown above Press the A key once and unit will appear in th
37. ere it oscillates for several cycles before loading the new tuning parameters After the tuning parameters are loaded it heats to the T4 set point temperature Tuning below measuesheatng debysand Quarter cycle times hoper poni Ove tly Cae rates of heating and cooling that might occur from overheating gt Time Autotuning the Controller for Very Fine Control This procedure is not recommended for heating mantles see Section 2 3 In the majority of cases the normal autotune procedure results in stable temperature control with any heater A second version of the autotune routine is available and can be used when the heater is 1 at the set point 2 is being tuned close to room temperature or 3 for very fine control in demanding situations If stable temperature control doesn t result after performing the first autotune routine the procedure below should be performed Before performing the fine tune autotune procedure if possible perform the autotune procedure on the preceding page 1 Set the equipment up in the exact configuration it will be used If the heater has its own thermostat or power controls turn both as high as they ll go With this procedure it s not necessary for the equipment to start at room temperature This procedure can be performed at any time and any temperature Set the controller to the appropriate power level see Section 3 7 Make sure the timer circuit is set to ON i e the timer window displ
38. es See Catalog si Thermocouples hermetically sealed in See Catalog various size hypodermic needles 34 II Safety Considerations and Accurate Temperature Control For safety critical and non typical organic reactions especially polymeric reactions or for use with heaters other than heating mantles the user must either 1 monitor the reaction closely to verify the tuning parameters are appropriate for the current application or 2 autotune the controller for the application For any safety critical or high value reaction call J KEM to discuss your application with an engineer prior to beginning Your J KEM controller is capable of regulating virtually any application to 0 1 C if the controller is tuned to the application being heated Since it s possible that the tuning parameters are not set correctly for your application the user must monitor a new reaction to verify the controller s operation A short primmer on tuning is presented below a more detailed explanation is presented in Sections 2 1 and 4 1 Tuning is the process that matches the control characteristics of the controller to the heating characteristics of the process being controlled The controller uses a PID Proportional Integral Derivative algorithm to regulate heating Each of the terms in the PID equation have a constant that scales the equation to the process being heating These constants plus two other related terms are collectively known as the
39. ess the A key once and the word dAC will appear in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value 3 0 appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key once and the word CyC t will appear in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the value 30 appears in the display Let go of all the keys First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until 2 appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key until SP2 A appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until the word dU hi appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key until diSP appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the V or A key until the value 0 19 appears in the display Let go of all the keys Press the A key until Lo SC appears in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key hold in the VW key until the number in the display stops changing this will be 0 or 50 or 199 9 depending on thermocouple type Let go of all the keys 36 19 20 First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the A key until 3 appears in the displ
40. g h Set Time W aa Rotate knob to Step 3 To change the number of hours in the display momentarily press the timer knob 1 4 second and the hours digits begin to blink To increase the number of hours rotate the timer knob to the right To decrease the number of hours rotate the timer knob to the left Momentarily push knob to lock in minutes enter hours Push to Turn te Select Set Time N Set Tiat wy CS OrP nl Zero Step 4 When the desired time is displayed hold in ONER the timer knob for 1 second to enter the time and start the timer When the timer starts the LED under the label ON at Zero lights This indicates that power to the heater will turn ON when the timer counts down ON at Zero ON at Zero Hold in timer knob for 1 second to store time and start timer Turn to Set Time Turn to Push to Set Time Select Push to Select to zero 6 6 At any time the timer program can be aborted by E unkno l OE holding in the timer knob for 1 second When this is ford Second done the display changes to t on To turn on heating 7i push the timer knob until the display reads On Turn to Set Time Push to Select g Turn to Set Time Push to Select g 18 3 6 3 7 Over Temperature Protection Circuit This circuit 7 disconnects power from the outlets if the process temperature exceeds the set point by 5 C or when power
41. hether the controller heats at a very low 1 10 mL low 10 100 mL intermediate 50 500 mL medium 300 mL 2 L or high gt 2 L power level The power reduction circuit acts as a solid state variac The table to the right shows the maximum output Front Panel Approx of power from the controller to the heater depending on Volume Range Full Power the position of the power switch The correct setting 1 10 mL 3 for this switch is the setting that supplies adequate 10 100 mL 10 power for the heater to heat to the set point in a 50 500 mL 25 reasonable period of time while not overpowering it 300 ml 2L 50 See Section 4 4 for a detailed explanation of how to SOL 100 correctly set up a reaction using your J KEM controller Heating Liquids Each power level is associated with a volume range which acts as a guide when heating solutions with heating mantles When solutions are heated with heating mantles set the power switch to the range that includes the volume of solution being heated Note this switch is set to the volume of solution not the size of the flask For example to heat 250 ml of toluene to 80 C in a 1 L round bottomed flask choose the third power setting 50 500 ml since the solution volume falls within this range There are situations when a power level other than that indicated by the front panel should be used 19 Power Setting Explanation 80 ml toluene 50 500 ml Organic solvents heated to 50 110
42. ict the application the controller will be used for the researcher must be aware of the possibility that the tuning constants loaded into the controller may not be a set that results in stable temperature control It s the researcher s responsibility to monitor the temperature regulation of a reaction If you encounter a process that your J KEM controller does not heat with stability you have two resources Autotune Feature Your controller has an autotune feature that when turned on see Sections 2 1 amp 2 2 automatically determines the proper tuning constants for your application and then loads them into memory for future use J KEM Technical Assistance If you have an application you wish to discuss call us we re always anxious to help our users For an additional description of the PID algorithm and the concept of tuning see Sections 2 and 4 1 35 III Resetting the Controller to Original Factory Settings J KEM manufactures the most technically advanced temperature controller available and should give consistently flawless control If you have difficulty with your controller a good place to start to correct the problem is by loading the original factory settings If problems persist our Engineering department will help you resolve the problem The factory settings of a J KEM controller are 0 1 C resolution PID control with tuning parameters for a heating mantle high temperature alarm turned on and a thermocouple offset
43. igh power level to rapidly heat the solution then decrease the power level to the correct setting as the solution approaches the set point Changing power levels doesn t damage the controller but it will reduce its heating performance Heating Equipment Two factors need to be considered when heating equipment ovens hot plates furnaces HPLC columns etc 1 placement of the temperature sensor Section 2 4 and 2 the appropriate power setting The best guide to the correct power setting for various pieces of equipment is the researcher s experience If your best guess is that the equipment needs 1 3 full power to heat to the set point set the power switch on the 300 ml 2 L setting 50 power It s usually better to have too much power rather than too little If the heater heats too slow increase the power set to the gt 2 L setting If it heats too fast or has excessive overshoot decrease the power set to the 50 500 ml setting If the amount of power seems to be adequate but the heater doesn t heat with stability the controller probably needs to be tuned see Section 2 Section 3 8 shows the type of performance you should expect from the controller with different pieces of equipment 20 3 8 Affect of Power Setting on Heating Profile The following graphs show the affect of selected power levels on heating performance in a variety of situations Each example contains 1 optimal and 1 or 2 less optimal settings dem
44. ime already has turned heating off To avoid confusion and conflicts between the meters Hold feature and the front panel digital timer it s recommended that the Soak Time feature be set to in the meters setup menu and not changed 3 Setting a ramp rate will not guarantee that the reaction temperature is at the specified ramp temperature since heating is dependent on the power of the heater For example if a ramp rate of 1200 deg Hr i e 20 deg min is set unless the heater is powerful enough to impart heat at such a high rate the reaction temperature will not track the ramp temperature Likewise a reaction can t cool faster than natural cooling by ambient air 4 Once the Ramp to Setpoint feature is activated in programming mode it remains on until it s deactivated in programming mode The Ramp to Setpoint feature remains activated even if power is turned off to the controller 13 Activating amp Programming the Ramp to Setpoint Feature 1 Press and hold in both the A and W keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both keys Press the A key 8 times until the word SPrr appears in the display This is where you set the ramp rate in units of degrees hour First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the V or A key until the desired ramp rate appears in the display then let go of all the keys Units are in degree
45. ing parameters For the controller to heat with stability it must be programmed with the tuning parameters for the heater currently being used Prior to shipping tuning parameters were programmed into the controller that maximize heating performance for laboratory heating mantles since these are the most common heaters used in research Tuning is regulated by 5 of the temperature meter s user programmable functions The correct value for these 5 functions can be calculated and loaded by the user manually or the controller can do it automatically with its autotune feature When Should the Controller be Tuned If the controller is tuned to one type of heater heating mantles for example any size heating mantle can be used without the need to retune When changing from heating mantles to a different type of heater an oven for example the controller should be tuned with values describing the oven s heating characteristics The effect of tuning is seen below When the controller is tuned for heating mantles using it with any size heating mantle yields stable temperature control Plot 1 but poor control results when the same tuning parameters are used with an oven Plot 2 Curve 1 However after tuning the controller to the oven stable temperature control results Plot 2 Curve 2 Plot 2 Plot 1 807 J 70 707 J 60 Curve 2 Controller loaded with 60 4 tuning parameters for Temp drying oven Temp C c 50 Conditions 100
46. intained precisely The advantage of PID mode is that it delivers stable temperature control with any heater from heat lamps to vacuum ovens The disadvantage is that the controller must be properly tuned to the heater being used whereas ON OFF mode requires no tuning Since both heating modes have their advantages simplicity vs accuracy instructions to change the controller to ON OFF mode are given below though PID mode will probably give better results 95 of the time The controller can be set back to PID mode by following Procedure 1 in Section 3 10 1 Press and hold in both the and keys on the front of the temperature meter Procedure to change until the word tunE appears in the display then let go of the buttons controller to ON OFF 2 Press until the word CyC t appears in the display mode 3 While holding in the j key press the key until the word on of appears in the display NOTE if the display shows the letter A when the j keys is held in press the key until on of is in the display then let go of all the keys 4 Press the key until the word bAnd appears in the display While holding The controller can be set back in the j key press the key until the value 0 1 appears in the display to PID control by following then let go of all the keys Procedure 1 in Section 3 10 temperature is displayed then release both keys controller to
47. key until C appears in the display Let go of all the keys 30 Press the A key and Addr will appear in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the V or A key until the value 1 appears in the display Let go of all the keys 31 Press the A key and bAud will appear in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the V or A key until the value 9600 appears in the display Let go of all the keys 32 Press the A key and dAtA will appear in the display Next hold in the key then while holding in the key press the V or A key until the value 18n1 appears in the display Let go of all the keys 33 Press and hold in both the W and keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys The word PArk in the display will go away when a set point is entered 37
48. l OFF appears in the display then let go of all the keys 3 To exit programming mode press and hold in both the A and W keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys Temperature Sensor Input Every controller is fitted with a specific type of thermocouple input and can only be used with a thermocouple of the same type For the correct temperature to be displayed the thermocouple type must match the receptacle type on the front of the controller Figure 1 5 All thermocouples are color coded to show their type Blue type T Yellow type K Black type J The color of the thermocouple plug must match the color of the receptacle on the front of the controller If the thermocouple is broken or becomes unplugged the error message inPt FAIL blinks in the temperature meter display and the controller stops heating 14 3 5 Timer Controls The timer circuit works in conjunction with the digital meter to determine when power is applied to the heater The digital meter is the actual temperature controller the timer circuit only acts as a gatekeeper to determine if the digital meter temperature controller is allowed to apply power to the heater or not By inserting the timer between the digital meter and the heater the timer can turn heater power On or Off based on a user entered time When power to the controller is turned on the timer defaults to the Power Off state as is indicated by the wo
49. l only use channel 1 Gemini Dual Channel Temperature Controller Thermocouple receptacle Channel 1 has a 100 hour to turn heating On Off at a user set time Channel 2 does not have a timer Thermocouple Thermocouple extension cord 30 Thermocouples Thermocouples are color coded When the plastic connector on the end of the thermocouple is blue it is a type T thermocouple when it is yellow it is a type K and when it is black it is a type J The color of the thermocouple the thermocouple extension cord and the thermocouple receptacle on the face of the controller must all be the same color i e thermocouple type or the controller will not read the correct temperature Thermocouples are available in many different styles As long as the thermocouple has the same color connector as the connector on the controller they are 100 compatible Stainless steel no Teflon coating 12 inch length Teflon coated Bend Teflon coated 6 inch length Teflon coated Temperature sensitive end hypodermic needle of the thermocouple When a thermocouple is placed in solution often it is desirable to bend the thermocouple slightly so that more of the tip extends into the solution It does not hurt a thermocouple to be bent slightly The temperature sensitive portion of a thermocouple is the first 4 of the tip It s good for the first 2 to be is solution but the first 14 must be in solution to read the temperature
50. ler displays 10 100 ml 10 setting DO NOT set the power temperature only All new users should 50 500 ml 25 switch on a setting too high initially read Section 3 7 300 ml 2 L 50 to heat the reaction quickly and then gt 2 L 100 lower it to the correct setting this degrades heating performance Enter the setpoint i e the desired temperature Hold in the button and simultaneously press the A key to increase or the W key to decrease the setpoint The setpoint can be seen at anytime by holding in the button the setpoint appears as a blinking number in the display lol at Zero OFF at Zero ON at Zero OFF at Zero Set the timer When power is applied to the controller by default the timer turns power OFF to the heater as a safety precaution To turn power On to the heater briefly push in on the round timer knob and the display changes to ON to show that power to the heater is ON For complete instructions on the user of the timer see the section titled Timer Controls If the display does not change when the timer knob is pressed make sure that the Power Level Switch is not set to the Heat Off position Turn to Set Time Push to Turn to Push to Select Set Time Select g gt 4 KEM Net Data Logging and Control Software The USB port on the back panel of the controller is an interface to J KEM s KEM Net Software KEM Net is free and can be downloaded from
51. ller be manually tuned by following the procedure below Procedure 1 Perform when using heating mantles with round bottomed flasks This procedure takes about 2 minutes to perform Press and hold in both the A and WV keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both keys Press the A key once and the word bAnd will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the or A key until the value 10 appears in the display then let go of all the keys Press the A key once and the word int t will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the or key until the value 10 appears in the display then let go of all the keys Press the key once and the word dEr t will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the or key until the value 50 appears in the display then let go of all the keys Press the key once and the word dAC will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the or key until the value 3 0 appears in the display then let go of all the keys Press the key once and the word CyC t will appear in the display First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the or key until the value 30
52. med for use with an external thermocouple before this procedure is used see following procedure The following step by step procedure programs the controller to regulate heating mantle temperature If you switch back and use the controller with the thermocouple in solution Procedure in Section 2 3 will program the controller for heating mantles For all other heaters see tuning instructions in Section 2 28 After the controller is reprogrammed place a fine gage wire Heating x Mantle Size thermocouple 1 3 the size of kite string available from J KEM in 3 amp 10 mi the bottom third of the heating mantle and fit the flask snugly on top 25 ml so that the thermocouple is in intimate contact with the heating ieee mantle Set the power reduction circuit to the power level shown in 10 100 ml 50 500 ml For temperatures over 120 oC the table at the right Turn the controller on and enter the set point m next higher power level may e necessary Procedure to Load Tuning Parameters for External Thermocouples Press and hold in both the W and keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both keys Press the key once and the word bAnd will appear in the display While holding in the key press the W or key until the value 5 appears in the display then release all keys Press the key once and the word int t will appear in the
53. ml Toluene 50 Curve 1 Controller loaded with 250 ml Round bottomed flask tuning parameters for 250 ml Heating mantle heating mantles J Power Setting 50 500 ml 4 40 40 30 30 20 aS ee Re E 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Time min Time min 2 2 It s important to understand that this controller isn t a simple ON OFF type controller i e ON when below the set point OFF when above though it can be made to work this way see Section 3 12 Rather it s a predictive controller Based on the shape slope of the heating curve the controller predicts calculates the percent of power to apply to the heater now to control the shape of the heating curve minutes in advance The importance of the tuning parameters is that they are constants in the equation the temperature meter uses to perform its predictive calculations If the temperature meter is programmed with tuning parameters that incorrectly describe the heater being used poor temperature control will result But when the correct values are loaded temperature regulation of 0 1 is typically achieved Manual Tuning Manual tuning is when the values of the 5 tuning parameters are determined manually then entered into the temperature meter via the push buttons on the front of the controller Experienced users might prefer to manually tune the controller since this allows customization of the heating process Autotune Autotune is a feature built into the temperature
54. must be the same color see Section 3 4 Corroded thermocouple Clean plug on thermocouple and receptacle on connections controller with sandpaper or steel wool Corroded thermocouple If the temperature measuring end of the thermocouple is corroded discard thermocouple Temperature display offset To enter a controller display offset needed Turn on controller Allow to warm up for 30 minutes Record displayed temperature Press both the and keys on the front of the temperature meter until tunE appears then let go of the keys Press the key until LEVL appears First hold in the key then while holding in the x key press the key until 3 is showing in the display then let go of all keys Press the key until ZEro is showing in the display Note the current display offset this is the number blinking in the display Calculate the new offset temperature using the equation New Current Display display offset Displayed Correct Offset blinking in display temperature temperature First hold in the key then while holding in the x key press the or keys until the new offset temperature is showing then let go of all the keys Press the and keys until the temperature is displayed 3 14 Fusing The controller is protected by a fast acting fuse designed specifically to protect solid state relays This is the large fuse on the back panel of the controller If this fuse is repla
55. n initial warm up 2 Again referring to the range analogy you d obtain better control when heating small volumes if the range had more than two power settings Off and High J KEM s patented power reduction circuit 10 serves just this function It allows the researcher to reduce the power of the controller depending on the amount of heat needed This circuit can be thought of as determining whether the heating power is Very low 7 10 mL Low 10 100 mL Intermediate 50 500 mL Medium 300 mL 2 L or High gt 2 L The proper power setting becomes instinctive after you ve used your controller for awhile For additional information see Section 3 7 Controlling the Heating Mantle Temperature Directly In a normal heating setup the thermocouple is placed in the solution being heated The controller then regulates the temperature of the solution directly The thermocouple could alternately be placed between the heating mantle and the flask so that the controller regulates the temperature of the heating mantle directly which indirectly regulates the temperature of the solution Advantages to this method include 1 The temperature of any volume microliters to liters can be controlled Temperature control is independent of the properties of the material being heated e g viscosity solid liquid etc 3 Air and water sensitive reactions can be more effectively sealed from the atmosphere The temperature controller must be program
56. n my chiller and keep it on until I manually reset the system Contact J KEM for additional information Section 2 Adjusting The Controller For 2 1 Stable Control With Different Heaters What is Tuning The controller s most powerful feature is its ability to regulate virtually any heater with stable temperature control For stable control the controller requires two things 1 the controller must be set to the correct power level see Section 3 7 and 2 that it must be tuned to the heater being used Tuning is the process that matches the control characteristics of the controller to the heating characteristics of the heater The controller is said to be tuned to the heater when its memory is programmed with values representing how fast the heater warms up cools off and how efficiently it transfers heat For example consider the difference between a heat lamp and a hot plate When electricity is applied to a heat lamp it begins to heat instantaneously and when it s turned off it stops heating instantaneously In contrast a hot plate may take several minutes to begin heating when electricity is applied and even longer to stop heating when electricity is turned off Your controller can regulate both a heat lamp and a hot plate to 0 1 C But to do this it must be programmed with the time constants appropriate for the heater in use These time constants are called the tuning parameters Every type of heater has its own unique set of tun
57. nce to the next function When it s pushed in for 1 second it enters programming mode In programming mode the user enters time into the timer or locks the entered time into the timer which starts the program running a running program can be aborted by holding in the timer knob for 1 second When in programming mode rotating the knob in a clockwise direction increases the amount of time entered into the timer Rotating the knob in a counter clockwise direction decrease the amount of time when rotating in a counter clockwise direction the timer rolls over from 00 to 59 minutes when entering minutes or from 00 to 99 hours when entering hours When the timer counts to 00 00 power is turned Off indefenently Change Function Push knob for 1 4 second ON at Zero OFF at Zero Push to Select When the timer counts to 00 00 power is turned On indefenently Turn to Set Time To immediately exit a timed run hold in the timer knob for 1 second Change Function Push knob for 1 4 second Pus Select Push knob for 1 4 second Function Change ON at Zero ON at Zero OFF at Zero OP al Zor Hold in knob for 1 second for 1 second an Turn to Program Syed te Function Push to Turn to Program Push to Turn to Set Time Change y Set Time Change Select p Set Time Change Select Set Time 6 om
58. ntroller is turned off Take precautions to avoid electrical shock Over Temperature Protection Circuit This switch must be in the Off position when the controller is powered up and going through its self test routine otherwise no power is delivered to the outlets When turned on by switching to the Alarm or Light positions an over temperature condition factory programmed for 5 0 C above the set point will remove all power from outlets 9 until being manually reset by turning power to the controller off Alarm Light Indicates an over temperature condition when lit See Section 3 6 Power Outlets Plug only 120 VAC devices into these outlets See Section 3 2 10 3 2 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Power Reduction Circuit Interfaces to the power reduction computer that limits the maximum power delivered to the heater See Sections 3 7 and 4 1 Timer Function Knob Multi function knob that selects timer function push knob in and enters the amount of time in the timer rotate See Section 3 5 Timer Display The timer display always shows the status of the timer circuit see Section 3 5 The display can show On meaning that the circuit will allow power to be applied to the heater Off meaning that the circuit will not allow power to be applied to the heater or it will show a time when power will be applied or removed from the heater depending on the settings in the timer Timer Status LED s Timer sta
59. onstrating use of the power reduction circuit 80 10 f Conditions Set point 75 C Laboratory oven 60 Power Setting 50 500 ml Temp Power Setting gt 2L oC 50 40 Conditions Set point 45 ae HPLC Column wrapped with heating tape 30 Power Setting 50 500 ml 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time min 80 70 60 Temp o Conditions Set point 70 C 50 50 ml Toluene 100 ml Round bottomed flask 40 Power Setting 10 100 m i e 10 power 30 Power Setting 50 500 ml i e 25 power ores Power Setting 300 ml 2L i e 50 power 20 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time min 21 Graph 1_ This graph shows typical heating profiles for a laboratory oven and an HPLC column In the example of the oven the heating curves for 2 different power levels are shown The 50 500 ml setting is the appropriate amount of power to heat to 75 C and thus results in a smooth heating curve The gt 2L power setting is too much power and results in oscillation around the set point Graph 2 This graph shows the affect of different power settings when heating liquids with heating mantles The 10 100 ml setting 10 power is under powered and results in slow heating The 300 ml 2 L setting 50 power is too much power and results in sporadic control The controller adapts to a wide range of power settings In this example the power is varied by a factor of 5X nevertheless reasonable c
60. ontrol is maintained in each case 3 9 45 20 Graph 3 Set point 155 C Power gt 2L Pa 100 power Another factor affecting the choice of power setting is the 0 set point temperature For set Setpoint 100 C points near room temperature Power 300 ml 2L a low power level is adequate 50 power For average temperatures 50 100 the volumes printed on the front of the eee 500 uf Tae Set point 45 C controller are a good guide 500 ml heating mantle 25 power soom For high temperatures the 0 10 next higher power setting might be needed to supply the heater with additional power 20 30 40 50 60 70 Time min The power reduction circuit limits the total amount of power delivered to the heater In this sense it works like a variac and can be used like one If the heater isn t getting enough power turn the power level up one notch if it s getting too much power turn it down Do s and Don ts When Using Your Controller The controller heater and thermocouple form a closed loop feedback system see Fig 2 in Section 4 1 When the controller is connected to a heater the feedback loop should not be broken at any point Don t remove either the thermocouple or heater from the solution without lowering the set point With the thermocouple or heater separated from the solution as the thermocouple cools the controller attempts to re heat it by turning the heater
61. ou go past this setting press the W button until you get back to it 5 First hold in the button while holding in the button press the button Continue to hold both buttons in until the display reads A or A where is some number Release the button and press the W button until tunE once again appears in the display Press and hold the button and tunE changes to off to indicate that autotune is off 8 While holding in the button press the button to change the display to on then release both buttons 9 Press and hold both the 4 and buttons for 3 seconds until the temperature appears in the display The controller is now in its autotune mode While in autotune the display alternates between tunE and the process temperature When the autotune sequence is done this may take in excess of an hour the controller stops displaying tunE and only displays the process temperature To abort autotune manually repeat steps 3 8 and 9 except in step 8 press the button until off is displayed If during the process of autotuning the message Tune Fail appears see the paragraph at the end of section 2 2 Point 75 of set point Start New tuning Temp values loaded into memory ri tire The autotune sequence new parameters During autotune the controller heats 0S2 N to 75 of the set point temperature wh
62. rd Off in the display In this state no power is applied to the heater This is a safety feature that insures that power is not applied to a heater following recovery from a power failure J KEM Scientific pec g i i j 3 o BB s Wamp Model 260 Timer OFF at Zero ON at Zero OFF at Zero The timer has 4 states The timer cycles between the 4 states by pushing in on the silver timer knob momentarily For example push the timer knob once and ON at Zero Push Push lt lt Turn to Set Time Turn to Set Time g9 Push to Select Push to Select Push to Select J ON at Zero OFF at Zero ON at Zero ieee Push lt lt Turn to Set Time Push to Select g Turn to Set Time the timer changes from the Off state to the On state push cycle between its three normal states of On toFF and t on If the Power Reduction Circuit Section 3 7 is set to the Heat Off position the timer window always displays oFF The four states of the timer circuit are explained below Push NOTE Pushing in on the timer knob quickly for about 1 4 second causes it to advance to the next state Holding in the knob for 1 second changes to the mode where time is entered into the timer it again and it changes to the toFF state Repeatedly pushing the knob cause the time to OFF at Zer In the off state no power is applied to the heater even if the temperature meter
63. s hour Press the A key once and the word SPrn will appear in the display This function turns the ramping feature ON OFF or to Hold First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the V or A key until the desired setting appears in the display then let go of all the keys Press the key once and the word Soak will appear in the display This is where the soak time is set in units of Minutes A soak time of means to soak forever this setting is one below 0 First hold in the key then while holding in the key press the W or A key until the desired time appears in the display then let go of all the keys If a soak time is set the controller display will alternate between showing the current reaction temperature and the word StoP when the soak time has expired to indicate that power has been turned off 5 To exit programming mode press and hold in both the W and A keys until the temperature appears in the display then release both keys Deactivating the Ramp to Setpoint Feature 1 Press and hold in both the A and VW keys on the front of the temperature meter until the word tunE appears in the display then release both keys 2 Press the A key 9 times until the word SPrn appears in the display This function turns the ramping feature ON and OFF First hold in the key then while holding in the key press 3 4 the V or A key unti
64. ting and enter the reaction setpoint temperature If you need to use an oil bath with you J KEM controller J KEM recommends the Instatherm oil baths The two largest baths Catalog s INS 150 and INS 160 are both rated for use with 120vac controllers and provide good temperature regulation If you frequently heat reactions using oil baths we recommend J KEM s 400 Series oil bath controller If the reason for using an oil bath is that a small volume is being heated and you want to use your 200 Series controller for the job you have a second option J KEM sells heating mantles for small volumes 5 10 25 50 ml which can be plugged directly into the temperature controller Your controller regulates volumes as small as 1 ml in a 5 ml flask using a 5 ml heating mantle If you need to heat even smaller volumes your User s Manual describes a technique for heating microliters Controlling the Heating Mantle Temperature Directly in Section 4 The advantage of this option is that it eliminates the mess and safety hazards associated with oil baths Accessories for regulating the temperature of small volumes are available from J KEM including small volume heating mantles and micro thermocouples Call if you have any concerns or would like to discuss your application with a technical representative Accessories for Heating Small Volumes Available From J KEM Heating Mantles All sizes from 5 ml to 50 L Teflon Coated Microscale Thermocoupl
65. to work ideally information needs to travel instantaneously around the feedback loop That means that any power the controller applies to the heating mantle must reflect itself in an instantaneous temperature rise of the solution and the thermocouple Unfortunately this type of instantaneous heat transfer from the heating mantle to the solution to the thermocouple just doesn t occur The delay time between when power is applied to the heating mantle and when the solution rises in temperature and also the converse when power is removed from the heating mantle and the solution temperature stops rising is the source of most controller errors The reason for this can be seen in a simple example Imagine heating a gallon of water to 80 C in a 5 quart pan on an electric range Placing the pan on the range and turning the heat to high you d observe a delay in heating while the range coil warmed up This delay might be a little annoying but it s really no problem The real problem comes as the water temperature approaches 80 C If you turned the range off just as the water reached 80 C the temperature would continue to rise even though all power had been disconnected 27 4 2 until the range coil cooled down This problem of overshooting the set point during initial warm up is the major difficulty with process controllers Overshooting the set point is minimized in two ways by your J KEM controller but first let s finish the range
66. troller to Original Factory Settings 36 WARNING Adhere to the restrictions of SECTION 3 2 Failure to do so may create a significant safety hazard and will void the warranty Section 1 Quick Operating Instructions The five steps below are the basics of using your temperature controller The User s Manual is a reference that explains the controller more fully as well as some of its more sophisticated features It s recommended that new users unfamiliar with process controllers read the entire manual carefully The controller is preprogrammed for use with heating mantles fitted to round bottomed flasks running typical organic reactions i e non polymeric non exothermic reactions in solvents such as THF toluene DMF etc If the controller is used with this type of reaction the five steps below will help you get started For a primer on how to set up a reaction with your temperature controller See Section 4 4 To use heaters other than heating mantles See Section 2 Do not use the controller to heat oil baths See Section 3 2 amp Appendix I For polymer synthesis atypical expensive or safety critical reactions See Appendix II l Set the over temperature protection circuit to Off Alam The switch for the over temperature protection circuit must be set to the Off position Of until the setpoint for the reaction is entered into the digital meter After entering the setpoint in Step 4 the over t
67. tus LED s indicate whether power will be applied or removed from the heater when the time in the timer goes to 0 See Section 3 5 Heater Status LED This small LED is On when power is being applied to the heater and Off when power is not applied to the heater Over temperature audible alarm Sounds during an over temperature condition when switch 7 is set to the alarm position To turn a sounding alarm off momentarily turn power off to the controller Optional Serial Port For controllers equipped for serial communications this port connects to a PC for remote control and data acquisition Controllers equipped for RS232 communications have a 9 pin connector RS485 multi drop controllers have a RJ 11 phone connector See supplemental Serial Communications Manual Heater Restrictions The controller delivers 15 amps of current at 120 VAC into resistive loads heating mantles hot plates ovens etc Use only resistive loads that are safely operated at 120 VAC and require less than 15 amps or damage to the controller and a safety hazard may result Only 120vac oil baths should be used with this controller Other voltage oil baths should be operated using J KEM s Model 410 controller See Appendix for an application note describing how to use any voltage oil bath with this controller Devices other than resistive loads can be used with your controller but certain restrictions apply Device Type Incandescent lamps lt

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