User Manual - Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory
Contents
1. 500 120 0 25 0 05 0 95 90 0 5 0 3 0 6 0 25 Permanent Wilting Point Opw m m 0 0 21 0 21 0 21 0 19 0 21 0 165 0 15 0 23 0 12 0 175 0 1 0 06 0 04 Max 1 2 1000 200 1 5 0 2 150 Y N Hydraulic conductivity Ksat cm h 0 00001 0 03 0 05 0 075 0 1 0 1 0 495 0 65 0 15 0 34 0 15 1 09 2 99 11 782. NASA University of Oklahoma OU HyDROS Lab http hydro ou edu CREST Coupled Routing and Excess STorage User Manual Version 2 0 Atmospheric Forcing e Canopy Layer p i SOI wen soil Layerl en Soil Layer vs Soil Layer3 gt Kyoede uonenyyuy By Dr Xianwu Xue and Dr Yang Hong University of Oklahoma National Weather Center Norman OK USA August 11 2013 Cover CREST Coupled Routing and Excess Storage User Manual Version 2 0 Table of Contents O 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS nasser RE cai I TIN PRODUCTION aaa isn 1 2 COMPILATIONS Ge dia 3 22 DC Opine on EUR tal dido dota 3 2 2 Compiling on Windows nen Haan 3 3 FRAMEWORK OF CREST V2W unsnnie hin 5 3 1 Programming Framework of CREST V2 0 seen 5 3 2 Organization of the files and folders ee ei 5 PROJECT FILE 5 dotes eR aii 9 ON 9 4 2 Model Run Time Information sn 10 A3 Model RUN S EIE see ad tb 11 4A Model Direet ry pP 11 4 3 OutPix Informallon AA stridet a A iei eas 12 4 6 Outlet Information ins han 13 AT Gad OPUS sr AN ida 13 4 8 Date DUES at AAA AA E 15 Z0 Number OPE kE aia iaa 15 SINPUTS amp OUTPUTS a RAR Dee 17 Dak Babies Folder uses in nn ng 17 5 2 Params Folder li A a 23 ID O A da 26 SAESP p een nenn 26 3 9 OBS Folder nee ee 28 5 6 alibs Folder ii 28 7 Rains Bold Ai 31 NS PELS Pollera 2 an E Ee EPA 31 5 9 Results Folder oocooonnnccnnnnnacicnonacccanonsacccnonan
3. Es Soil Layer3 R out yoedeo uonenpyug J 5 Romi Figure 1 1 Core Components of the CREST model a Vertical profile of a cell including rainfall runoff generation evapotranspiration sub grid cell routing and feedbacks from routing b variable infiltration curve of a cell c plane view of cells and flow directions and d vertical profile along several cells including sub grid cell routing downstream routing and subsurface runoff redistribution from a cell to its downstream cells 2 Compilations CREST v2 0 is written in FORTRAN and will run under most operating systems It has been successfully implemented on Pentium amp PC based systems under Microsoft Windows and Linux It is not necessary to modify the source code of CREST in order to change settings or switch to other basins In CREST v1 6 the control file with a default name of control txt and basic grids dictate the necessary settings for running the model However CREST v2 0 uses ProjectName Project instead of the control txt User can use project name as the Project file s name this makes the Project file more readable 2 1 Compiling on Linux The Linux Unix operating systems are case sensitive So when you compile CREST v2 0 you must pay attention to the name and extension of the default file 2 1 1 Using fort compiler Compiling CREST is easy with FORTRAN compiler The source code of CREST model is contained in a
4. 9 Slope File Required Optional If Slope omitted If Slope def exists CREST v2 0 will calculate the Slope like the former version 21 If Slope def does not exist CREST v2 0 will calculate the Slope automatically Name Slope Format All Formats Purpose Identify the rate of maximum change in DEM file from each cell Notes The coordinate system of Slope File should be same as DEM File 5 1 10 Slope def File Required Optional Only use when Slope file omitted CREST v2 0 will read this file If Slope def is omitted yet CREST v2 0 will calculate the Slope automatically Name Slope def Format ASCII only contain one value Purpose Contain the threshold for determining the stream Notes Slope def is used to compatible with the former version of CREST instead of GM parameter in the former version of CREST 5 1 11 Lake Mask File Required Optional If NumOfLakes 0 then omitted 22 Name LakeMask Format All Formats Purpose Contains a mask of lakes in this region indicating which cells is the lake Notes The coordinate system of LakeMask File should be same as DEM File 5 2 Params Folder This folder contains all the configuration and values of parameters for the model There are total 18 parameters classified into four types in this new version see Table 5 1 CREST v2 0 puts the initial condition into ICS folder will introduce later TH and GM are optional control parameters and AreaF
5. AAA AAA AAA SS FSS S SS FTES AAA AAA AAA AAA 13 Station 1 Begin 14 Name_1 NZoia 15 Value 1 1 16 Long_1 34 08749 17 Lati 1 0 1208334 18 RainFact_1 0 9 0 95 1 2 19 Ksat_1 0 9 0 95 1 2 20 WM_1 0 9 0 95 1 2 21 B_ 1 0 9 0 95 Lil 22 IM 1 0 9 0 95 21 2 23 KE_1 0 9 0 95 1 2 24 coeM 1 0 9 0 95 La 25 expM 1 0 9 0 95 1 2 26 coeR_1 0 9 0 95 1 2 27 coeS 1 0 9 0 95 1 2 28 KS_1 0 9 0 95 1 2 Min Value Max 29 KI 1 0 9 0 95 T 30 Station 1 End Figure 5 2 Sample of Calibrations txt file 1 SCE UA Parameters iseed Initial random seed maxn Max no of trials allowed before optimization is terminated kstop Number of shuffling loops in which the criterion value must chang by the given percentage before optimization is terminated 29 pcento ngs Percentage by which the criterion value must change in given number of shuffling loops Number of complexes in the initial population 2 Configuration for calibration NCalibStations Number of Calibrated Stations IsColRow Specified if the location of calibrated station is relative to the basic grids or in latitude and longitude A value of yes means the outlet of the pixels is a column and row a value of no means the outlet is longitude and latitude 3 Configuration for Each Station Name_X Value_X Long_X Lati_X Col_X Row X Label X The name of the Xth station The region value of t
6. ASBIMO BIBIMO 33 FFFFFFFFFFFFSFFFFTFFSFTFFTFTFFTFFFFTFTT FTF TTF TSF TST FEST TFS HH 34 BasicFormat asc 35 BasicPath XXXW NZoia Project Basics 36 FSFFF SSS FSS F SF SSS SSS SS SSS SS SS SF SF SS SF SS SS SS SSS RARA HHHH 37 ParamFormat asc 38 ParamPath XXXW NZoia Project Params 39 AAA 40 StateFormat asc 41 StatePath XXXW NZoia Project States di 43 ICSFormat asc 44 ICSPath XXW_NZoia_ Project ICs 45 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444444 46 RainFormat asc 47 RainPath XXW_NZoia_ Project Rains NZoia rain 48 FSFSSF SSS S SSS SSS SS SSS SSS SS SSS TSS SS ESS ES SSS ARA HE 49 PETFormat asc 50 PETPath XXXW NZoia ProjectiPETsiNZoia pet 51 ERE E E E E E E E EE EE EE E E EE EE E EE E EE E EE E E B RRH E B RR EERE REH GG 52 ResultFormat asc 53 ResultPath XXXW NZoia Project Results 54 FFFSFSS SSS TS FS FF TFS F SF Ss zen 55 CalibFormat asc 56 CalibPath XXXW NZoia Project Calibs 57 ESESESEESE ESESR ESESS ESR ISESSR ISESR ESR ISESR ISESR ISESISRESR ISRESRR ISRSRSS 58 OBSFormat asc 59 OBSPath XXXW NZoia ProjectioBSi 60 FSFF STFS SSF SS SSF SS FSS SSS 222 22 222 222 22 222 222 22 2 RARA RARA RRA HHE Figure 4 4 Sample Model Directory in ProjectName Project 11 As shown in Figure 3 3 CREST v2 0 divides the input and output data into 9 groups each groups has a standalone folders such as Basics Params
7. Format All Formats Purpose Contains a digital elevation model of the basin area with heights in meters Notes The coordinate system of CREST v2 0 can use both Geographic Coordinate System and Projected Coordinate System PCS 5 1 2 FDR File Required Always 17 Name FDR Format All Formats Purpose Contain a flow direction from each cell to 1ts steepest downslope neighbor of the basin area Notes The coordinate system of FDR File should be same as DEM File In the former version of CREST direction coding only use the rule like Figure 5 1 a generated by CNT however most popular software like ArcGIS use the rule like Figure 5 1 b so CREST v2 0 uses both of the two rules 8 l 2 32 64 128 7 3 l 6 5 8 4 2 a b Figure 5 1 Flow Direction Coding 5 1 3 FAC File Required Always Name FAC 18 Format All Formats Purpose Contains accumulation flow to each cell of the basin area Notes The coordinate system of FAC File should be same as DEM File 5 1 4 Mask File Required Optional If omitted If HasOutlet yes then CREST v2 0 will generate the mask filebased on Outlet location If HasOutlet no then CREST v2 0 will generate the mask file based on NoData_Value in DEM file Name Mask Format All Formats Purpose Contains a mask of the basin indicating which cells in the other terrain are inside the basin Notes The coordinate sy
8. States ICS Rains PET Results Calibs and OBS the name of the folder can be user specified but the its keyword is fixed Each folder contains some files detailed content will be introduced in the next chapter the format of the folder means all or most of the files in this folder will use this format The file possible formats of CREST v2 0 are ASC TXT DBIF BIFFIT TRMMRT TRMMV6 NMOBIN ASBIMO and BIBIMO 4 5 OutPix Information 6 o LLIIIllll iili ll 010111 111111111 1111101101 1111110440010 111 10 61 The below data are omitted when RunStyle cali SCEUA CLARA SESE H HHE 63 OutPix Information G4 FFF FFT S STFS HH 65 NOutPixs 2 66 OutPixColRow no 67 OutPixNamel NZoia 68 OutPixLongi 34 08749 69 OutPixLatil 0 1208334 70 OutPixName2 XXWInnerPoint 71 OutPixLong2 34 537549 72 OutPixLati2 0 386947 73 AAA AAA Figure 4 5 Sample OutPix Information in ProjectName Project NOutPixs OutPixColRow OutPixNameX OutPixLongX OutPixLatiX OutPixColX The number of output pixels OutPixColRow is specified if the pixel is relative to the basic grids or in latitude and longitude A value of yes means the location of the pixels is a column and row a value of no means the location is longitude and latitude The name of the Xth Pixels The value of X is up to NOutPixs X 1 NOutPixs The longitude of th
9. Ungauged Basins EEE Transactions on Geosciences and Remote Sensing 49 1 85 95 Jan 2011 doi 10 1109 TGRS 2010 2057513 Wu H Adler RF Hong Y Tian Y Policelli E 2012 Evaluation of Global Flood Detection Using Satellite Based Rainfall and a Hydrologic Model Journal of Hydrometeorolog 13 4 1268 1284 45 46 10 Appendix A Look up Tables Table 10 1 Look up Table for UMD Vegetation Types Value Dsvosnaurwn Oo ea wn UMD Vegetation Category Water Evergreen Needleleaf Forest Evergreen Broadleaf Forest Deciduous Needleleaf Forest Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Mixed Forest Woodland Wooded Grassland Closed Shrubland Open Shrubland Grassland Cropland Bare Ground Urban and Built 47 Rooting Depth m 0 001 1 1 25 1 1 25 1 125 0 997 0 872 0 651 0 578 0 75 0 75 0 55 0 797 Table 10 2 Look up Table for HWSD Soil Texture Fild Code Texture Abbr Capacity Oj m m 0 No_Soil NS 0 I Clay heavy CH 0 36 2 Silty Clay SIC 0 36 3 Clay C 0 36 4 Silty Clay Loam SICL 0 34 5 Clay Loam CL 0 34 6 Silt SI 0 32 7 Silt Loam SIL 0 3 8 Sandy Clay SC 0 31 9 Loam L 0 26 10 Sandy Clay Loam SCL 0 33 11 Sandy Loam SL 0 23 12 Loamy Sand LS 0 14 13 Sand S 0 12 Table 10 3 Range and Default value of Each Parameter Params Min RainFact D 0 5 Ksat 0 mm d WM mm 80 B I 0 05 IM 1 0 KE 1 0 1 coeM 1 expM 1 0 1 coeR 1 1 coeS 1 0 001 KS I 0 KI I 0 48 Default 1 0
10. file automatically 5 9 Results Folder This folder contains the output files the format of file in the folder depending on the ResultFormat specified in the ProjectName Project file 31 6 Run Styles Different run styles have different combinations of outputs the following section will introduce the outputs for each style 6 1 Simulation 6 1 1 Running in Simulation Mode To run the model in simulation mode the run style in the project file must be set to simu Precipitation data and PET data are also needed for the simulation period By default CREST reads the ProjectName Project located in the current working directory However as of CREST v2 0 it is possible to specify the project file name as a command line option to the CREST executable 6 1 2 Simulation Mode Standard Outputs r 8 FAXXWCREST_DEV XXWCVFCREST _v2 0 Debug XXWCVFCREST_v2 exe Enter the name of the Project FILE A IF AXWCREST_DEU XXWCUFCREST_v2 XXW_NZoia_Pro ject NZoia CREST COUPLED ROUTING AND EXCESS STORAGE OU amp NASA Version 2 8 02 02 2011 Run start date and time yyyy mm dd hh mm ss gt 2611 82 67 8 53 43 Reading Reading Getting Writing Getting Writing Getting Writing Reading Reading Project Data Basic Datat Mask Map of Mask Map Mask Map Mask Map Mask Map Mask Map Prarmeters Outlet Out let OutPix Out Pix Out Pix Out Pix Datat Initial Conditions to File Num 1 Num 1 t
11. single file for ease of use As such in order to compile CREST using ifort all you need to do is to type a simple command line ifort crest_v2_0 for o crest_v2_0 1x This will compile the CREST FORTRAN source code file into an executable named crest_v2_0 Ix The Intel FORTRAN compiler has many other command line arguments to enable additional optimizations and other features If you want a full list and description of how to use ifort please consult the Intel FORTRAN compiler user manual 2 2 Compiling on Windows 2 2 1 Using Compaq Visual FORTRAN CVE compiler Compiling CREST is also very easy using CVF on Windows platforms you can just open the crest_v2_0 for by CVF and then compile it and finally crest_v2_0 exe will be created If you want a full list and description of how to use CVF please consult the Compaq Visual FORTRAN compiler user manual 3 Framework of CREST v2 0 3 1 Programming Framework of CREST v2 0 Comparing to previous CREST v1 6c the programming framework of CREST v2 0 was redesigned to better suit for distributed hydrological modeling As shown in Figure 3 1 CREST v2 0 includes more spatially distributed input data including a prior parameters and outputs more variables data Obs Data DEM FDR OBS RealTime Rains pM ait N FAC JN un ICS Sl RS Slope Kyi gt CREST y Basics Input Output Runoff A i Model l F PEE T
12. the basic grids you are using do not cover the region which you want to model or if you want to model a region with a finer resolution then it is necessary to derive new project file The steps to do this are described below Fully implementing the CREST model on any basin can be achieved in a three step process 1 A project file for the new modeling region needs to be created a Copy an existing project file even one of the provided example project files and modify the paths to point to the location of the new paths of the folders Determine the latitudes and longitudes of a rectangle around the region which you wish to model These do not have to be precise by any means and can be pulled from Google Earth or Google Maps for an approximate region around the basin you wish to model However the basin you wish the model on must be entirely contained in the bounding rectangle you specified In order for CREST to work with the DEM FDR and FAC files produced by the CNT Tool or other software they must be named DEM FDR and FAC 2 The model can now be run for your new basin in any desired modes To get realistic results it is necessary to generate a prior parameters from available land surface datasets or later calibrate the model using a gauged station within your defined new basin The automatic calibration built into the CREST model is the easiest way to calibrate the model 43 8 Contact us Develo
13. to determine which cells are river cells downstream cell is higher than the upstream downstream cell is a nodata outside region cell multiplier that modifies the area of grid cells Contain the configuration for all parameters in CREST v2 0 Notes The statement in the Parameters txt file can be listed in any order but the keywords should not be changed The format of the statement is Keyword Value Such as SymbolType Uniform Distributed If SymbolType Uniform then Symbol Value Else Symbol file must be provided in the same folder End if The statement appearing on the same line should be space or tab separated Comment lines must have a pound sign in the first column Comment for the statement in the line must be placed after Value and be sure to leave at least one space or tab between the Value and the Comments Keyword is not case sensitive 5 2 2 Sysmbol File Required Optional Only needed when this parameter s style is Distributed Name ParameterName 25 ParameterName possibly likes Rain Format ASCII Purpose Contain the configuration for all parameters in CREST v2 0 Notes The file coordinate system of Slope File should be same as DEM File 5 3 State Folder This folder contains the state files such as State StartDate SSO State_StartDate_SIO and State_StartDate_W0 when LoadState yes When SaveState yes th
14. 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 024 39 597 0 55 1 122 1 508 0 0 9 526 9 526 2003 1 2 0 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 024 39 526 0 549 1 108 1 508 0 0 10 018 10 018 Outlet OutletName Results Statistics csv The statistics for outlet location Table 6 2 Sample of Outlet_OutletName_Results_Statistics csv NSCE 1 Bias 2 72E 03 CC 1 OutPix OutPixName X Mask The mask file for the specified output pixel OutPix OutPixName X Results csv The results for the output pixel location Regional Mean Value based on the Outlet OutPixName X Mask OutPix OutPixName X Results Statistics csv The statistics for outlet location Table 6 2 6 2 Automatic Calibration using SCE UA 6 2 1 Running in Automatic Calibration Mode using SCE UA To run the model in automatic calibration mode using SCE UA the run style in the project file must be set to cali SCEUA Precipitation data PET data and observed discharge are all needed for the calibration period A special feature such as Reinitializing or Resuming Calibration has been included in CREST v2 0 6 2 2 Automatic Calibration Mode Standard Output using SCE UA 35 FAXXWCREST_DEV XXWCVFCREST_v2 0 Debug XXWCVFCREST_v2 exe ay x Enter the name of the Project FILE RKWCREST_DEU XXWCUFCREST_v2 8KW_NZoia_Pro ject Nzoia CREST COUPLED ROUTING AND EXCESS STORAGE OU amp NASA gt Version 2 8 62 62 2611 Run start date and time yyyy mm dd hh mm ss gt 2611 62 07 1 47 37 Reading Pro
15. E VA 3 PR p Mask l Params RI Grid 4 Area PET Factor E per d EA ct Priori Figure 3 1 Programming Framework of CREST v2 0 3 2 Organization of the files and folders The previous version CREST v1 6c puts all data information into Control txt Figure 3 2 this will make the control file too big when modelers want to add other parameters or data into the CREST Additionally when implementation of the model becomes complex it will contain too many files under one file folder causing non necessary confusion and inconvenience to users or modelers DDM txt DEM txt FAM txt Basics E Rain PET Control txt A Discharge Exports Name hyp txt Figure 3 2 Files and Folders Organization of CREST v1 6c In CREST v2 0 control file was divided into ProjectName Project Parameters txt InitialConditions txt and Calibrations txt Each of four files is put in standalone folders including other related data and files Thus the ProjectName Project file only contains the model s input information and its 6 configuration This will enables user to build and modify these files easily Figure 3 3 shows all the folders defined in CREST v2 0 based on their functionality More detailed information of these folders will be discussed in following sections Basics ICS Params OBS States ProjectName Project Rain PET Resul
16. EE E E EE E EE E EE E EE E EE E EE E EE EE E EE E E E E E UH Figure 4 1 Sample Model Area in ProjectName Project NCols Number of cell columns NRows Number of cell rows XLLCorner YLLCorner CellSize NoData_Value 4 2 Model Run Ti 14 FFFFFF FFF X coordinate of the origin by lower left corner of the cell Y coordinate of the origin by lower left corner of the cell Cell Size The input values to be No Data in the input output map file me Information FFF TTT T TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 15 MODEL Run Time Information 16 vy year m month d day h hour u minute s second 17 FFF FFF HH 8 TimeMark 19 TimeStep 20 StartDate LoadState WarmupDat EndDate SaveState LIII He hN MN mM NM nm m w un Figure 4 2 Samp TimeMark TimeStep StartDate LoadState WarmupDate EndDate SaveState 22222 2 FF FETT 2 2 2 2 HH h 3 X 2003010100 no e 2003010100 2003011000 no Eu 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 22 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 22 22 22 22 22 le Model Run Time Information in ProjectName Project The unit of time step The possible units are y year m month d day h hour u minute s second Time Step Start date of the simulation its format is defined as yyyymmddhhuuss the length is up to the time step unit for IM example yyyy
17. Figure 1 1 The scalability of CREST simulations is accomplished through sub grid scale representation of soil moisture storage capacity using a variable infiltration curve and multi scale runoff generation processes using multi linear reservoirs The representation of the primary water fluxes such as infiltration and routing are physically related to the spatially variable land surface characteristics 1 e vegetation soil type and topography etc The runoff generation component and routing scheme are coupled thus providing realistic interactions between lower atmospheric boundary layers terrestrial surface and subsurface water The above features enable CREST to be applicable at large global regional and small catchment scales This user manual and the accompanying code provide a single basin example to test the model The CREST model can be forced by gridded potential evapotranspiration and precipitation datasets e g satellite based precipitation estimates interpolated rain gauge observations weather radar and quantitative precipitation forecasts from numerical weather prediction models The flexible simulation modes and embedded automated calibration algorithms make the CREST a powerful yet cost effective tool for distributed hydrological modeling and implementation at a range of scale from globe region basin to small catchment Atmospheric Forcing E P c Canopy Layer J A Es Soil e win Soil Layer2
18. acanansacccnonoccccnanranccnanoarccnannarccannnss 31 6 RUN STYLES AEE E E AE AE AEAEE 33 Gel Sama a eaaa e a A tum ot eden tt iced titan 33 6 2 Automatic Calibration using SCE UA sees 35 6 3 Simulation in real time mode sssssessssssssssesssssessesnescsnssessossessnnssssnsescsoneseconee 38 6 4 Return Period mode eesessesssssssccsseesssssesessesssnssescoseesessssseonsesennssccoseeseoseeceosee 38 6 3 Forecast KMDOPE Mode iii 40 7 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CREST MODEL FOR OTHER BASINS 43 SCONTACT US iii id iii 45 9 SELECTED CREST MODEL RELATED REFERENCES 45 10 APPENDIX A LOOK UP TABLES ccccceccecccecceccscccccesccecceccesccesceccccs 47 1 Introduction The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage CREST distributed hydrological model is a hybrid modeling strategy that was developed by the University of Oklahoma http hydro ou edu and NASA SERVIR Project Team www servir net The CREST model was initially developed to provide real time regional and global hydrological prediction by simultaneously running over multi basins with relatively cost effective computational efficiency http eos ou edu however it is also very applicable for small to medium size basins at high resolutions CREST simulates the spatiotemporal variation of water and energy fluxes and storages on a regular grid with the grid cell resolution being user defined thereby enabling multi scale applications
19. act can be calculated by ArcGIS or other software or by CREST v2 0 automatically So there are 12 essential parameters in CREST v2 0 The look up tables the range and the default value of part all of these parameters are listed in Appendices Table 10 1 Table 10 2 and Table 10 3 23 Module Initial condition Physical Parameters Conceptual Parameters Adjustment Parameters Table 5 1 Classification in CREST v2 0 vs v1 6c Symbol v2 0 WO SSO SIO Ksat RainFact WM B IM KE coeM expM coeR coeS KS KI Omitted TH Omitted GM AreaFact Symbol v1 6c 1WU iSO iSI pFe Rain pwm B pIM 100 pKE coeM expM River Under LeakO Leakl TH GM AreaC 5 2 1 Parameters txt File Required Always Name Parameters txt Format ASCH Purpose 24 Description Initial Value of Soil Moisture Initial value of Overland Reservoir Initial value of Interflow reservoir the Soil saturate hydraulic conductivity the multiplier on the precipitation field The Mean Water Capacity the exponent of the variable infiltration curve Impervious area ratio The factor to convert the PET to local actual overland runoff velocity coefficient overland flow speed exponent multiplier used to convert overland flow speed to channel flow speed multiplier used to convert overland flow speed to interflow flow speed Overland reservoir Discharge Parameter Interflow Reservoir Discharge Parameter Threshold
20. e even on the Linux operating system There is only one types of file to output when the model is running in the repe mode Level X X is the level number recording the return period values 6 5 Forecast_KMDQPF mode 6 5 1 Running in Forecast_KMDQPF Mode To run the model in forecast KMDQPF mode the run style in the project file must be set to Forecast_KMDOQPF Precipitation data and PET data are also needed for the Forecast KMDQPF period mode 6 5 2 Forecast KMDQPF Mode Standard Output The same as the standard output of real time running mode except of the 40 information for running style to the current running model 6 5 3 Forecast KMDQPF Mode File Output Besides output the results to the screen CREST v2 0 also outputs the results to a log file in the same folder as project file named as ProjectName_YYYY MM DD HH MM SS_CREST log for example NZoia_2011 02 07 00 33 05_CREST log The time in this file s name depending on the date and time the model ran The log file will help the user record all the things the user wants to see even on the Linux operating system 41 7 Implementation of the CREST model for other basins The CREST model automatically runs over the region defined by the project file Therefore if you are operating with global basic grids it is possible to easily and quickly model a basin in the world by just simply defining the outlet of a new basin In the event that
21. e Xth Pixels when OutPixColRow is assigned no The latitude of the Xth Pixels when OutPixColRow is assigned no The Column of the Xth Pixels when OutPixColX is assigned 12 77 29 yes OutPixRowX The Row of the Xth Pixels when OutPixColX is assigned 77 29 yes 4 6 Outlet Information Eur 2222er zz 74 Outlet Information ESS zz zz 76 HasOutlet yes 77 OutletColRow no 78 OutletName NZoia 79 OutletLong 34 08749 80 OutletLati 0 1208334 BL FFF FFF RARA ARA TTT F TTT TT TTT TTT T TTT HHHH Figure 4 6 Sample Outlet Information in ProjectName Project HasOutlet Whether have outlet or not a value of yes means research area has an outlet a value of no means have not OutletColRow OutletColRow is specified if the outlet is relative to the basic grids or in latitude and longitude A value of yes means the outlet of the pixels is a column and row a value of no means the outlet is longitude and latitude OutletName The name of the outlet Pixels OutletLong The longitude of the Outlet Pixels when OutletColRow is assigned no OutletLati The latitude of the Outlet Pixels when OutletColRow is assigned no OutletCol The Column of the Outlet Pixels when OutletColRow is assigned yes OutletRow The Row of the Outlet Pixels when OutletColRow is assigned 77 yes 4 7 Grid Outputs Grid Outputs is the control of 2 D grid based output
22. en State_EndDate_SS0 State EndDate SIO and State_EndDate_WO0 will be created after running the model 5 4 ICS Folder This folder contains all the configuration and values of initial conditions for the mode 5 4 1 Initial Conditions txt File Required Always Name InitialConditions txt Format ASCH Purpose Contain the configuration for initial conditions in CREST v2 0 Notes 26 The statement in the InitialConditions txt file can be listed in any order but the keywords should not be changed The format of the statement is Keyword Value Such as SymbolType Uniform Distributed If SymbolType Uniform then Symbol Value Else Symbol file must be provided in the same folder End if The Symbol includes SS0 SIO and W0 see Table 5 1 The statement appearing on the same line should be space or tab separated Comment lines must have a pound sign in the first column Comment for the statement in the line must be placed after Value and be sure to leave at least one space or tab between the Value and the Comments Keyword is not case sensitive 5 4 2 Sysmbol File Required Name Format Optional Only needed when this parameter s style is Distributed ParameterName ParameterName possibly likes Rain ASCH 27 Purpose Contain the configuration for all parameters in CREST v2 0 Notes The file coordinate sys
23. he Xth station The longitude of the Xth station when IsColRow is assigned no The latitude of the Xth station when IsColRow is assigned no The Column of the Outlet Pixels when IsColRow is assigned yes The Row of the Outlet Pixels when IsColRow is assigned yes The minimum initial value and maximum of the Xth Label parameter for calibration The label name can see Table 5 1Error Reference source not found The format of this statement is Label_X Min Value Max X is the number of station to calibration Only required when user want to calibrate this parameter 5 6 2 CalibMask File Required Allways Name 30 CalibMask Format All Formats Purpose Contain the order number for calibration when have more than ONE calibrated station The number depends on the regional number of each station Notes The coordinate system of CalibMask File should be same as DEM File 5 7 Rains Folder This folder contains the precipitation data the format of file in the folder depending on the RainFormat specified in the ProjectName Project file The CREST v2 0 can clip the region defined in the ProjectName Project file automatically 5 8 PETs Folder This folder contains the potential evaporation data the format of file in the folder depending on the PETFormat specified in the ProjectName Project file and the CREST v2 0 can clip the region defined in the ProjectName Project
24. i SCEUA mode 36 The 1 line is the comment for requiring user to enter the name of the project file The 2 line is the user typed line for the name and path of the project file The 3 line is the separation line The 4 6 line is the information of the CREST v2 0 The 7 line is the separation line The 8 line is the start date and time for running the model The 9 line is the separation line The 10 21 line is the reading and writing data The 22 line is the separation line The 23 line is the information for running style to the current running model The 24 32 line is the reading and writing data The 33 line is the separation line The 34 36 line is the parameters information for SCE UA method The 37 line is the separation line The 38 51 line is the output results for each loop of SCE UA method The 52 65 line is the output results simulated using the calibrated parameters The 66 line is the separation line The 67 line is the end date and time for running the model The 68 line is the elapsed run time for running the model 6 2 3 Automatic Calibration Mode File Output using SCE UA Besides output the results to the screen CREST v2 0 also outputs the results to a log file in the same folder as project file named as ProjectName_YYYY MM DD HH MM SS_CREST log for example NZoia_2011 02 07 00 33 05_CREST log The time in this file s name depending on the date and time the model ran The log file will help the u
25. is mm hour 14 4 8 Date Outputs 95 re FFF FFF FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF 96 NumOfOutputDates 4 3 97 OutputDate 1 2003010103 98 OutputDate 2 2003010106 99 OutputDate 3 2003010112 100 2222222222222 2222222 22 2 2 2 2 2 22 Figure 4 8 Sample Output Dates in ProjectName Project Date Outputs is to be specified some dates what user is interested in NumOfOutputDates The Number of Output Date OutputDate X The Xth Date to output The value of X is up to NumOfOutputDates X 1 NumOfOutputDates 4 9 Number of Lakes 108 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2222 106 NumOfLakes 0 107 6 222222222222 2 2 2 2 22 2 2 2 2 2 2220 Figure 4 9 Sample Number Lake in ProjectName Project NumOfLakes is to be specified the number of Lakes in this research region NumOfLakes The Number of Lakes 15 5 Inputs amp Outputs CREST v2 0 can read all the Grid file formats such as ASBIMO BIBIMO ASC TXT DBIF BIFFIT TRMMRT TRMMV6 and NMQBIN and can clip the file automatically when this file is not equal to the extent defined in ProjectName Project so user does not need to extract the research area by themselves as long as your prepared input files have broader space domain 5 1 Basics Folder This folder contains the basic file for the model such as DEM file FDR file Flow Direction FAC file Flow Accumulation and so on 5 1 1 DEM File Required Always Name DEM
26. ject Datat Reading Basic Data Getting Mask Map of Outlet Writing Ma Map of Outlet to File Getting Ma Map of OutPix Num 1 Writing Ma Map of OutPix Num 1 to Filet Getting Ma Map of OutPix Num 2 Writing Mask Map of OutPix Num 2 to File Reading Prarmeters Data Reading Initial Conditions Data Reading calibration s Data E E c E EI E E Running Style is Calibration using SCE UA ENTER THE MAIN PROGRAM SCE UA SCE UA Run Number 1 Random Seed Value ENTER THE SCEUA SUBROUTINE Evolution Loop Number 8 8 997081881691042 Region Number M 992378558295108 Region Number 6 986611811683949 Region Number 98471299 78491 76 Region Number 6 972267281588515 Region Number 6 992248 7866845417 Region Number Evolution Loop Number 1 6 999998688224424 Region Number 6 99 7166589186413 Region Number 8 992920202499234 Region Number 6 999964497861651 Region Number B 9999999775351604 Region Number 6 999999992547714 Region Number 1 2003 81 81 89 98 88 2663 61 61 63 66 66 2663 61 61 66 66 86 2663 61 61 69 66 66 2863 81 81 12 88 88 2863 81 81 15 88 88 2663 61 61 18 58 88 2863 81 81 21 89 88 2663 61 62 66 66 06 wes CO O1 RR UN The results of the Outlet is NSCE B 99999999 Bias z gt 8 08030651 GC i1 0800008080 Run end date and time yyyy mm dd hh mm ss gt 2011 02 07 1 48 27 Elapsed run time 58 783 Seconds Press any key to continue Figure 6 2 Output results in screen for cal
27. nd date and time yyyy mm dd hh mm ss 2611 62 07 11 89 25 Elapsed run time 3 Minutes 8 827 Seconds Press any key to continue Figure 6 3 Output results in screen for Return Period mode The 1 line is the comment for requiring user to enter the name of the project file The 2 line is the user typed line for the name and path of the project file The 3 line is the separation line The 4 6 line is the information of the CREST v2 0 The 7 line is the separation line The 8 line is the start date and time for running the model The 9 line is the separation line The 10 19 line is the reading and writing data 39 The 20 line is the separation line The 21 line is the information for running style to the current running model The 22 29 line is reading runoff data The 30 line is sorting for return period The 31 line is exporting file Num 1 The 32 line is the separation line The 33 line is the end date and time for running the model The 34 line is the elapsed run time for running the model 6 4 3 Return Period Mode File Output Besides output the results to the screen CREST v2 0 also outputs the results to a log file in the same folder as project file named as ProjectName_YYYY MM DD HH MM SS_CREST log for example NZoia_2011 02 07 00 33 05_CREST log The time in this file s name depending on the date and time the model ran The log file will help the user record all the things the user wants to se
28. o Num 2 Num 2 to Filet Filet Datat Style is Simulation 1 2883 01 81 2883 81 81 2883 81 81 2883 81 81 2883 81 81 2883 81 81 2883 81 81 2663 61 61 2863 81 82 Running 6 0 0 0 A 0 IS The results of the Outlet is NSCE Biastx gt cc Elapsed run time B 99999999 M 00272328 1 88888888 Run end date and time yyyy mm dd hh mm ss gt 1 128 Seconds Press any key to continue 2011 02 07 8 53 44 Figure 6 1 Output results in screen for Simulation mode 33 The 1 line is the comment for requiring user to enter the name of the project file The 2 line is the user typed line for the name and path of the project file The 3 line is the separation line The 4 6 line is the information of the CREST v2 0 The 7 line is the separation line The 8 line is the start date and time for running the model The 9 line is the separation line The 10 21 line is the reading and writing data The 22 line is the separation line The 23 line is the information for running style to the current running model The 24 32 line is the reading and writing data The 33 line is the separation line The 34 37 line is the output results The 38 line is the separation line The 39 line is the end date and time for running the model The 40 line is the elapsed run time for running the model 6 1 3 Simulation Mode File Outputs Besides output the results to the screen CREST v2 0 also outputs the results
29. pment and maintenance of the current official version of the OU NASA CREST model is conducted at the University of Oklahoma Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing Laboratory http hydro ou edu and Atmospheric Radar Research Center ARRC located in the National Weather Center http nwc ou edu For information about the current release of the CREST model or to get the source code for beta versions of releases under development please send e mail to Dr Yang Hong yanghong ou edu and or Dr Xianwu Xue xuexianwu 0u edu 9 Selected CREST model Related References Wang J Y Hong L Li J J Gourley K Yilmaz S I Khan F S Policelli R F Adler S Habib D Irwn S A Limaye T Korme and L Okello 2011 The Coupled Routing and Excess STorage CREST distributed hydrological model Hydrol Sciences Journal 56 84 98 Xue X Hong Y Limaye AS Gourley JJ Huffman GJ Khan SI et al 2013 Khan Statistical and hydrological evaluation of TRMM based Multi satellite Precipitation Analysis over the Wangchu Basin of Bhutan Are the latest satellite precipitation products 3B42V7 ready for use in ungauged basins Journal of Hydrology 499 0 91 99 S I Y Hong J Wang K K Yilmaz JJ Gourley R F Adler G R Brakenridge F Policelli S Habib and D Irwin 2011 Satellite Remote Sensing and Hydrologic Modeling for Flood Inundation Mapping in Lake Victoria Basin Implications for Hydrologic Prediction in
30. ser record all the things the user wants to see even on the Linux operating system There are many files to output when the model is running in the cali_SCEUA mode Mask When the mask file is omitted in the basics folder Slope When the slope file is omitted in the basics folder Outlet_OutletName_Mask The mask file for the specified outlet Outlet_OutletName_Results csv The results for the outlet location Table 6 1 37 Regional Mean Value based on the Outlet OutletName Mask Outlet OutletName Results Statistics csv The statistics for outlet location OutPix OutPixName X Mask The mask file for the specified output pixel OutPix OutPixName X Results csv The results for the output pixel location Regional Mean Value based on the Outlet OutPixName X Mask OutPix OutPixName X Results Statistics csv The statistics for outlet location SCEUAOut YYYY MM DD HH UU SS dat The results for SCE UA method Label The calibrated parameters file Labels shows in Table 5 1 6 3 Simulation in real time mode 6 3 1 Running in Real Time Mode To run the model in real time mode the run style in the project file must be set to RealTime Precipitation data and PET data are needed for the real time period 6 3 2 Real Time Mode Standard Output It is the same as Simulation mode however the end date and time depending on the latest available precipitation and PET data or images 6 3 3 Real Time Mode File Outp
31. stem of Mask File should be same as DEM File 5 1 5 GridArea File Required Optional 19 If omitted CREST v2 0 will generate the GridArea file based on the coordinate system Name GridArea Format All Formats Purpose Contain the area of each cell in the basin Notes The coordinate system of GridArea File should be same as DEM File 5 1 6 AreaFact File Required Optional If omitted CREST v2 0 will assign AreaFact file a uniform value 1 00 Name AreaFact Format All Formats Purpose Contains the area of each cell in the basin Notes The coordinate system of AreaFact File should be same as DEM File 5 1 7 Stream File Required Optional however if Stream file is omitted Stream def must be required If omitted CREST v2 0 will read the threshold to determinate the stream from Stream def 20 Name Format Purpose Notes Stream All Formats Contain the information to show whether each cell is the stream The coordinate system of Stream File should be same as DEM File 5 1 8 Stream def File Required Name Format Purpose Notes Optional however if Stream def is omitted Stream file must be required Only use when Stream file omitted Stream def ASCII only contain one value Contain the threshold for determining the stream Stream def is used to compatible with the former version of CREST instead of Th parameter in the former version of CREST 5 1
32. tem of Slope File should be same as DEM File 5 5 OBS Folder This folder contains all the observed runoff data for the model calibration or verification The files name is name as OutPixNameX_Obs csv and or OutletName Obs csv csv is the comma delimited file OutPixNameX and OutletName are the same as the project file 5 6 Calibs Folder This folder contains all the configuration and values of calibration for the model 5 6 1 Calibrations txt File Required Always Name Calibrations txt Format ASCH Purpose Contain the configuration for calibrations in CREST v2 0 Notes The statement in the Calibrations txt file can be listed in any order but the keywords should not be changed The format of the statement is Keyword Value 28 The statement appearing on the same line should be space or tab separated Comment lines must have a pound sign in the first column Comment for the statement in the line must be placed after Value and be sure to leave at least one space or tab between the Value and the Comments Keyword is not case sensitive rt CREST Calibrations File Version more than 2 0 BEI 222222 SSS a a zz iseed 3 2000 kstop 10 pcento 0 0001 ngs 2 T 3 4 5 maxn 6 2 8 S FFFSFF FSS S SSS TESS SS AA S SSS TSS SSS SESS ES SESS 222 ZZ 10 NCalibStations i 11 IsColRow no yes use Col amp Row No Lan Lati 12 Aa AAA S SSS SSS
33. to a log file in the same folder as project file named as ProjectName YYYY MM DD HH UU SS CREST log for example NZoia 2011 02 07 00 33 05 CREST log The time in this file s name depending on the date and time the model is running The log file will help the user record all the things the user wants to see even on the Linux operating system There are many files to output when the model is running in the simulation mode Mask When the mask file is omitted in the basics folder Slope When the slope file is omitted in the basics folder Outlet OutletName Mask The mask file for the specified outlet Outlet OutletName Results csv The results for the outlet location Table 6 1 Regional Mean Value based on the Outlet OutletName Mask 34 Table 6 1 Sample of Outlet_OutletName_Results csv DateTime Rain EPot EAct SM ExcS Excl RObs 2003 1 1 0 00 0 215 0 043 0 023 38 451 0 534 1 114 1 452 0 0 605 0 605 2003 1 1 3 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 023 38 382 0 533 1 112 1 452 0 0 2 359 2 359 2003 1 1 6 00 0 009 0 215 0 043 0 024 38 331 0 533 1 107 1 452 0 0 002 3 375 3 375 2003 1 1 9 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 023 38 263 0 532 1 1 1 452 0 0 4 655 4 655 2003 1 1 12 00 0 0 215 0 043 0 023 38 194 0 531 1 089 1 452 0 0 6 218 6 218 2003 1 1 15 00 0 889 0 215 0 043 0 03 39 705 0 552 1 15 1 508 0 131 0 225 7 681 7 681 2003 1 1 18 00 0 018 0 215 0 043 0 025 39 668 0 551 1 137 1 509 0 001 0 004 8 794 8 794 2003 1 1 21
34. ts Calibs Figure 3 3 Files and Folders Organization of CREST v2 0 4 Project File The file ProjectName Project contains the information about Model Area Run Time Information Configuration Directory Run Style Outputs Information for Specified Pixels and Outlet Outputs States and Outputs Date and it also contains file assignments and their formats One line for each assignment or information The ProjectName is the name of the project when run CREST v2 0 on Linux Unix operating system the extension of project file should write as Project not project or others Note The statement in the project file can be listed in any order but the keywords should not be changed The format of the statement is Keyword Value The statement appearing on the same line should be space or tab separated Comment lines must have a pound sign in the first column Comment for the statement in the line must be placed after Value and be sure to leave at least one space or tab between the Value and the comments Keyword is not case sensitive 4 1 Model Area 5 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 TTT TT TTT TTT AA A amp MODEL AREA TERRA TT TTT TTT TTT TT TTT TTT 0 001 1 00 TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT TTT 8 NCols 197 Number of columns 3 NRows 167 Number of rows 10 XLLCorner 33 94999 11 YLLCorner 0 1083333 12 CellSize 0 008333334 13 NoData value 9999 14 FEE E
35. ut It is the same as Simulation however the end date and time is up to the available precipitation and PET 6 4 Return Period mode 6 4 1 Running in repe Mode To run the model in repe Return Period mode the run style in the project file must be set to repe It needs run the model in simu mode with GOVar_R yes in advance and then run the model in repe mode 38 6 4 2 Real Time Mode Standard Output F XXWCREST_DEV XXWCVFCREST_v2 0 Debug XXWCVFCREST_v2 exe Enter the name of the Project FILE IF ARWCREST_DEU ARXWCUFCREST_v2 KRW_NZoia_Pro ject NZoia CREST COUPLED ROUTING AND EXCESS STORAGE COU amp NASA Version 2 8 62 62 2611 Run start date and time yyyy mm dd hh mm ss 2011 02 07 11 86 25 Reading Project Datat Reading Basic Data Getting Mask Map of Outlet Writing Map of Outlet to Filet Getting Map of OutPix Num 1 Writing Map of OutPix Num 1 to File Getting Map of OutPix Num 2 Writing Map of OutPix Num 2 to File Reading Prarmeters Data Reading Initial Conditions Data v x lt 2 Die l 4 Y i E E 000 0 ner Running Style is Return Period Loading Runoff File 2663616166 Loading Runoff File 2663616163 Loading Runoff File 2003010106 Loading Runoff File 2663616169 Loading Runoff File 2663616112 Loading Runoff File 2003123115 Loading Runoff File 2663123118 Loading Runoff File 2663123121 Sorting for Return Period Exporting Num 1 Run e
36. when time step unit is y yyyymmddhhuuss when time step unit is s The mark for reading the state file yes means user want to run the model by state files as initial value no means the initial values are read determined by initial condition file Warm up date for the simulation its format is defined the same as StartDate End date for the simulation its format is defined the same as StartDate The mark for saving the state file yes means user want to save the state files when finished running the model no means user does not want to save the state files 10 4 3 Model Run Style 25 FEFFFFSSSFF lll S TSS S SSS S SESS SSS AAA AAA AAA SSS SETS S SSS HHHH 26 MODEL Run Style 27 FFFFSF SSF FS SSS F SSS S SESS S SSS SETS AAA AAA i iflll c c diff idi 28 RunStyle simu simu cali_SCEUA RealTime repe 29 RARA ARA T FFF STS SSS EET SSS FEST SSS S SESS SSS SETS HHH TTF FF FF Figure 4 3 Sample Model Run Style in ProjectName Project The run style simu means simulation other possible run styles are cali_SCEUA automatic calibration using SCE UA method RealTime on line mode repe return period and Forecast_KMDQPF Forecast using KMD QPF Data modes 4 4 Model Directory 29 FSFFFFFFFFF SSF AAA FST S TSS T FFT STFS SSS SS ES TSS ESTES H H HHE 30 MODEL Directory 31 Format ASC TXT DBIF BIFFIT 32 TRMMRT TRMMV6 NMQBIN
37. yes means output and no means do not output The run time of the model depends on the number of 13 outputs A faster CREST model runtime can be achieved by reducing the number of output variables Output format is controlled by the ResultFormat in section 4 4 All outputs are spatially interpolated to the proper resolution and clipped to either the basic grids or the drainage area automatically 81 Harrer FFF FFF FF FF FFFFFFFFTFTFFF 82 Grid Outputs 83 AAA RARA RARA He 84 GOVar Rain no 85 GOVar PET no 86 GOVar EPot no 87 GOVar EAct no es GOVar W no 89 GOVar_SM no so GOVar_R no 91 GOVar_ExcS no 92 GOVar ExcI no 93 GOVar RS no 94 GOVar RI no 95 HEEFETEEHEEEE E EE E EEH RARA AAA un Figure 4 7 Sample Grid Outputs in ProjectName Project GOVar Rain GOVar PET GOVar EPOT GOVar EAct GOVar W GOVar SM GOVar R GOVar ExcS GOVar ExcI GOVar RS GOVar RI The input precipitation unit is mm hour The input PET unit is mm hour GoVar PET KE The depth of simulated actual evapotranspiration unit is mm hour The depth of water filling the pore space bucket WM Soil Moisture a percentage of the WM and equals GOVar_W WM The simulated discharge of each grid cell unit is m s The depth of surface excess rain unit is mm hour The depth of interflow excess rain unit is mm hour The depth of overland flow unit is mm hour The depth of interflow flow unit
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