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ESP-r course notes (version 11.7)

1. Thick M 0 0030 0 0800 Itivity 0 420 0 000 0 510 0 000 0 420 1 29 susp_ floor Conduc tivity 0 060 0 150 0 000 1 400 50 000 1 48 susp _flr_re Conduc tivity 50 000 1 400 0 000 0 150 0 060 1 48 dummy_pnls Conduc tivity 210 000 0 040 1200 1400 1200 Density 186 800 O 2100 7800 Density 7800 2100 800 186 Density 2 00 12 heat 837 1000 837 Specif heat 1360 2093 O 653 502 Specif heat 502 653 2093 1360 Specif heat 880 840 jemis 0 91 0 99 0 90 0 99 0 91 IR jemis 0 90 0 91 0 99 0 90 0 12 IR jemis 0 12 0 90 0 99 0 91 0 90 IR jemis 0 22 0 90 abs 0 50 0 99 0 65 0 99 0 50 Soir abs 0 60 0 65 0 99 0 65 0 20 Soir abs 0 20 0 65 0 99 0 65 0 60 Soir abs 0 20 0 65 resis TI 10 11 Diffu resis 10 96 19 19200 Diffu resis 19200 19 96 10 Diffu resis 19200 30 m K W 0 03 0 17 0 20 0 17 0 03 IR m K W 0 10 0 13 0 17 0 10 0 00 R m K W 0 00 0 10 0 17 0 13 0 10 IR m K W 0 00 2 00 Gypsum air 0 17 0 17 Block inner 3 air 0 17 0 17 Gypsum Descr Wilton Chipboard air 0 17 0 17 Heavy mix Steel Descr Steel Heavy mix air 0 17 0 17 Chipboard Wilton Des
2. To avoid confusions with the two models copy the directory ac and the inside subfolders to nv Rename the file ac cfg in the directory cfg of the nv model to nv cfg For any other file that you rename ex nv cnn you need to edit the new nv cfg file and update its ESP r course notes version 11 7 28 62 name Alternatively you may change the files names within the project manager and the program will update its names in the configuration file cfg when you save Launch the new esp r model Remember to be in the directory cfg or in the model directory where the file is located In the Model Management lt g root change the root name to nv All the new files created will take this name as default with the corresponding extension In a naturally ventilated building you will not consider any cooling load therefore if you had previous set an heating and cooling power you will have to delete the control loop or set the cooling capacity to O or define a cooling setpoint to an excessive temperature ex 100 C The shown control file NV ctf adopts the last option See comment 1 on page 60 Go to Model Management gt gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt gt Controls J ZONES gt C ntrols gt select the control loop type to alter gt Editing options gt d period data gt Control periods gt select the period with cooling to alter gt control law gt a Basic controller for heating cooling set the control
3. Control periods function 2 day type 1 number of periods 1 per start sensed actuated control law data no time property property a 1 0 00dry bulb gt flow on off 0 00 1 00 1 00 add delete a period help exit Don t forget to Controls gt save control data ESP r course notes Version 11 7 T Help Use default ex Cancel 38 62 15 RESULTS 15 1 Text description Model Management gt gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt r results amp QA reporting gt Model reports gt QA report zone list gt all items QA report to text file Export file name AC_contents txt See Annex 3 15 2 Graphs In the module ESP r Results Analysis results analysis gt 3 Define output period Start day of month month amp time beginning of period in study End day of month month amp time end of period in study Output time step increment 1 results analysis gt 4 Select zones gt Zone in study See fig 55 Text request Text request End day of month month amp time 31 12 24 Start day of month month amp time ES T Help Use default ex 3 cancel Output time step increment EEE T Help use default lt 20k X cancel Integer request results analysis gt a Graphs Graph facilities gt a Time var graph Time series _plot gt a Climate gt a Ambient temperature b Temperatures gt a zone db T or any other Zone flux gt
4. 0 000 B 000 A connection already exists between these two nodes do you want to add another no Bree Use default ex 28 Cancel yd Help Use default ex X cancel Linking component currently win_crk Name Type Description a win_c 120 Specific air flow crack m rho f W L dP b win op 110 Specific air flow opening m rho f A dP Figure 47 Network flow connection int_zo to ext_north via win_crk Do a repeated connection between Z0_int and ext_south via win_open and Z0_int and ext_south now via the win_crk component Connections Node ve dHght to Node ve dHght via Component a z0 int 0 0 gt ext_n 0 0 win_open b zo int 0 0 gt ext_n 0 0 win_crk c zo int 0 0 gt ext_s 0 0 win_open d zo int 0 0 gt ext_s 0 0 win_crk add delete copy Help Exit Figure 48 Network flow connections Don t forget to Save network Real number request Select option or continue Add O Delete Continue Height of ve linkage point relative to node z0 int 0 000 Ti Help Use default ex 2 Cancel Real number request Height of ve linkage point relative to node ext_n 0 000 ae o o H Help Use default ex of Cancel A connection already exists between these two nodes do you want to add another O no Help default yes 10K 2 Cancel Figure 49 Network flow connection int_zo to ext_north via win_open ESP r course
5. 1360 1360 1360 1360 2500 837 837 750 750 180 184 8 9 840 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 83 0 83 0 83 0 59 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 30 0 55 0 90 0 30 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 50 0 65 0 60 0 60 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 06 0 85 0 85 0 85 0 65 15 15 67 40 15 10 10 10 10 1000 10 19200 19200 19200 19200 N 30 45 62 ANNEX 2 CONSTRUCTIONS DATABASE ESP r version series 10 3 In the MLC database usr esru esp r databases multicon db1 Details of transparent construction d_glz with DCF 7671_O6nb optics Layer Prim Thick Conduc Density Specif IR Solr Diffu R Descr db m tivity heat lemis abs fresis m K W Ext 242 0 0060 0 760 2710 837 0 83 0 05 19200 0 01 Plate glass 2 O 0 0120 0 000 O 0 0 99 0 99 1 0 17 air 0 17 0 17 0 17 Int 242 0 0060 0 760 2710 837 0 83 0 05 19200 0 01 Plate glass Standardised U value 2 75 Clear float 76 71 6mm no blind with id of DCF 7671 06nb with 3 layers including air gaps and visible trn 0 76 Direct transmission 0 40 55 70 80 deg 0 611 0 583 0 534 0 384 0 170 Layer absorption O 40 55 70 80 deg 1 0 157 0 172 0 185 0 201 0 202 2 0 001 0 002 0 003 0 004 0 005 3 0 117 0 124 0 127 0 112 0 077 Details of opaque composite extern_wall Layer Prim Thick Conduc Density Specif IR Solr Diffu R Descr db m tivity he
6. A mandatory geometry construction and operation file for each zone Amandatory system configuration file and an optional configuration control file An optional air flow casual gains shading insulation view factors surface convection and transparent multi layered construction file for some or all zones e An optional fluid flow network description file a pressure coefficients file Fluid flow results and simulation results files 1 NOTES All data in ESP r are expressed in S units The question mark sign provides a tutorial help on the options asked The letter d presents the defaults values There is no undo button 4 GETTING STARTED Log on a computer and type esp r on the command line This will start ESP r in its default graphic mode See Fig 1 Help SVN Source UNKNOW Platform x86 64 Linux 2 6 30 9 90 fc11 x86 64 Compilers gcc g gfortran Figure 1 Entry Level of the Project Manager ESP r course notes version 11 7 6 62 lf you are starting a new file at the Project management select the menu option e Create new Model Management ja introduction to ESP r b database maintenance jc validation testing Je create new Current model cfg duplex cfg path duplex Figure 2 Menu create a new project You will be asked to define a name ex ac followed by a choice of a single or standard set of folders where
7. 0 90 0 90 0 30 0 90 0 96 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 94 0 90 0 90 0 50 0 50 0 60 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 80 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 60 0 65 0 85 0 40 0 82 0 60 0 70 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 30 0 60 0 60 0 96 0 60 0 50 0 50 0 50 0 70 0 50 0 40 0 60 0 92 0 50 0 60 11 11 11 11 11 30 44 35 19 19 19 19 52 20 48 1000 1000 58 150 1000 25 12 1000 15 19200 1900 1500 3000 1900 300 150 300 13 10 90 60 70 500 20 10 44 62 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 221 222 223 224 225 241 242 243 244 261 262 263 281 ESP r course notes version 11 7 Glasswool Roof insulation board Felt sheathing EPS Expanded PVC Mineral fibre Cork insulation Straw thatch Thermalite turbo block 12 Carpet Wilton Simulated sheeps wool Wool felt underlay Cellular rubber underlay Synthetic carpet 13 Glass Glass block Plate glass 4mm clear float 6mm Antisun 14 Earth Infusorial 9 mc Gravel based Common earch 15 Insulation materials 2 Glass Fibre Quilt 0 04 0 19 0 19 0 03 0 04 0 04 0 04 0 07 0 11 0 06 0 06 0 04 0 10 0 06 0 70 0 76 1 05 1 05 0 09 0 52 1 28 0 04 250 960 960 25 100 105 105 240 480 186 198 160 400 160 3500 2 10 2500 2500 480 2050 1460 12 840 950 950 1000 750 1800 1800 180 1050
8. 2000 2000 2 20 1210 1888 2093 2000 2390 2500 2 60 1420 1000 712 900 880 120 153 840 1000 0 93 0 90 0 93 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 72 0 12 0 22 0 90 0 91 0 91 0 90 0 91 0 90 0 91 0 91 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 Solar 0 70 0 65 0 70 0 93 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 20 0 20 0 65 0 70 0 70 0 65 0 65 0 60 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 65 0 60 0 55 0 46 0 60 0 60 0 60 0 60 Diffuse 12 15 29 25 12 6 10 13 12 12 18 8 10 6 8 18 19 19200 19200 19200 11 110 140 12 14 14 96 100 12 5 6 12 5 6 13 29 17 38 29 48 43 62 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 181 182 183 184 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 6 Plaster Dense plaster Light plaster Perlite plasterboard Gypsum plaster Perlite plaster Vermiculite plaster Gypsum plasterboard 7 Screeds and renders Lightweight concrete Cast concrete screed Granolithic screed Cement screed White dry render Rendering 1 mc Rendering 8 mc 8 Tiles Clay tile Concrete tile Slate Plastic tile Rubber tile Cork tile Asphalt asbestos P V C asbestos Tile bed
9. 3 per start sensed actuated control law data no time property property a 1 0 00 dry bulb gt flow on off 100 00 1 00 0 00 b 2 9 00 dry bulb gt flow on off 24 00 1 00 1 00 c 3 18 00 dry bulb gt flow on off 100 00 1 00 0 00 add delete a period help exit Check that your day type 2 saturday and 3 sunday have the windows closed all the time Set one period starting at O with an on off control set to 100 setpoint 1 above threshold O fraction open Create a second control with one one period actuating on the window_crk set up to be always fully open See fig 54 See Annex 7 for details of a control file No vent hydronic control day types currently 0 weekday Saturday Sunday O other Bue Bx Xcance Controls Integer request How many periods in day type 1 default is 1 period free floating Text request Start time of each period 0 000 Real number request Period start time Figure 54 Control to simulate cracks permanently open to allow for fresh air Help Use default lt JoK X cancel a control focus gt gt vent hydronic b description no overall control descript c description no flow control description loops 2 cntl sensor actuator day valid period loop location location type duringlin day je 1100 4 2 2wkd 1365 3 f Sat 1365 1 g Sun 1365 1 h 2 40 0 4 0 0 1 1365 1y aridideleteirnnu rnntral Innan nr daw tune
10. J Cancel J Help Use default IL ex Cancel Figure 39 Node initial temperature f Set to temperature of another node is chosen then this node will pick up the temperature of a designated node Continue by creating an external node on the north side Name it ext_north and select boundary wind induced node describing the conditions at the boundary of the network The pressure of this node is generated by the wind impinging upon a surface The pressure is a function of wind velocity wind direction and a pressure coefficient CP assigned based on the orientation and geometry of the surface as P P V D CP NOTE You have selected a wind induced pressure node wind impinging upon or flowing over a surface creates a pressure difference with the inside of the building driving infiltration and exfiltration through any openings in that surface You should select the zone and surface subjected to this wind pressure ESP r course notes version 11 7 31 62 NOTE to enable the calculation of wind induced surface pressures as required by ESP r s fluid flow simulators a database of angle dependent pressure coefficients is provided The default ESP r set contains wind pressure coefficients for surfaces in typical positions and within several different exposure categories They can be used with care for low rise buildings See the ESP manual for additional info It is also possible to ca
11. O 2 18 000 ctl type law free floating start 0 No of data items 1 365 valid Sat 1 Jan Sun 31 Dec 1 No of periods in day O 2 0 000 ctl type law free floating start 0 No of data items 1 365 valid Sat 1 Jan Sun 31 Dec 1 No of periods in day O 2 0 000 ctl type law free floating start 0 No of data items Function Zone links 1 0 ESP r course notes version 11 7 60 62 Mass Flow no descrip flow descr 1 No of controls Control mass senses node 0 4 0 0 O sensor data Comment 2 the previous line define the control sensor location for the flow network The first 3 data digits have specific meanings the first digit 4 is the code to define that the sensor is related to a node in the network the second digit in this model 0 means at current zone See the zone to which this control is associated the third digit should be 0 to remain undefined no second node identified when sensing property differences the fourth digit is 0 NOTE After changing your sensor location via the project manager and saving your alterations edit this NV ctl file and make sure that the digits of the sensor data are correct otherwise you will have to change them manually and save the modifications actuates flow component 3 win_ open 4 3 2 actuator data Comment 3 the previous line define the codes for the actuator location The 1 digit 4
12. a Infiltration from outside Draw graph In the graphic feedback window select the button capture gt options user define area gt file your path to the directory results Select the window to be saved with your mouse ESP r course notes version 11 7 39 62 Lib N rest Results for natural ventilated zone Period Mon 3 Aug O0h30 tot Wed 5 Aug B23h30 Year 1987 sim 60m output 60m Zones Z0 21 Load Wl 0 0 500 0 1000 0 D D 1500 0 MO 0 2000 0 2500 0 3000 0 Time Hrs Figure 56 Plot of zone dry bulb temperature ambient temperature and infiltration load for the days 3rd to 5th August Graph facilities gt d Frequency histogram gt b Temperatures gt a Zone db T Use default bin set up Yes Frequency distribution for the hours distributed in the periods set of temperature or cumulative freq Dist for a cumulative bar graph of the hours in that period NOTE for the AC scenario the period in study should be a year and for the NV scenario the week period defined in the summer You can define the range of the x axis by not using the default bin set_up and defining the minimum and maximum parameter values and the number of intervals Lib nv res Set 2 Results for naturally ventilated space Period Thu 01 Jan 00h30 2009 to Thu 31 Dec 23h30 2009 sim 60m output Zones z0 z1 Filtered by occupancy D 70 i 25 0 s 60 P t 50 20 0 r r i 40 15 0 b 30 e u 10 0 n
13. 62 later as well parameters such as ground reflectance and site exposure See Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt b model context in Fig 6 Model Context a site latitude 51 00 b longitude difference 0 00 N c solar timing hour centred c exposure urban normal d grd reflectivity const 0 200 e weekends Saturday Sunday f year 2009 g calendar holidays h building address i client address j simulationist address Figure 6 Model context menu By this step the program has already created the folder structure and at least the configuration file Exit the Model management by selecting exit Project manager You will be asked to save your data before you exit if you haven t done so before When you launch the model again you can select the model you are working with its ac cfg file On the command line change to the directory created by the software and subdirectory cfg as cd ac single directory or cd ac cfg structured Now relaunch the software with the indication of the system configuration file as esp r file ac cfg For a memory stick mounted at mnt sdal for a ac project with a configuration file named ac cfg do cd mnt sdal ac esp r file ac cfg In the initial Model management see fig 1 select the menu option m browse edit simulate to carry on with setting up the model The following frame Browse Edit Simulate will be the main access point to the selection of the m
14. 8 SIMULATION To run a simulation select Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt Browse Edit Simulate gt q simulation gt Simulation Controller gt a simulation presets and proceed with the parameter definition Under the name for set chose year Under this module select g from to assess the period of the simulation As this model is quite simple you can run it for the whole year from 1 1 till 31 12 Otherwise try to select periods that might be pertinent but run a minimum of 7 days to take into consideration the construction heat storage See fig 26 Text request Proceed with parameter definitions Name for set Simulation Controller a simulation presets 1 of 1 b set name year T Help Use default X cancel c start up days 12 d zone timestep h 1 e plant timestep bldg ts N A f result save level 4 g from Thu 01 Jan Thu 31 Dec h zone results ac res flow results N A plant results N A N A moisture results N A electrical results N A IPV report N A o save or dereference parameters Figure 26 Air flow permanent infiltration rate year You can also store a winter preset as win from day 5 month 1 till 11 1 anda summer one as sum from 1 still 7 8 It is also in this menu that you should define the name of the file and path to the directory were you want your results to be saved Select gt p integrated simulation gt Simulation interaction options run silent See fig 27 ESP r
15. 96 0 60 10 with DCF7671_O6nb optics Density 2710 0 2710 Direct transmission 0 40 55 70 80 deg 0 611 0 583 0 534 0 384 0 170 Layer 1 2 3 Details of opaque composite Layer Prim db Ext 43 2 0 0 17 3 281 Quilt Int 43 absorption Thick I m 0 0030 0 0250 0 0800 0 0030 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Prim db 1 104 plaster Thick I m 0 0130 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite entry_floor ESP r course notes version 11 7 0 0 157 0 001 0 117 roof Conduc tivity 210 000 0 000 0 040 210 000 0 43 susp_ ceil Conduc tivity 0 420 4 79 AO 0 172 0 002 0 124 Density 2700 0 12 2700 Density 1200 Specif heat 837 O 837 6mm no blind with id of DCF7671_06nb with 3 layers including air gaps and visible trn 0 76 55 0 185 0 003 0 127 Specif heat 880 O 840 880 Specif heat 837 IR jemis 0 83 0 99 0 83 IR jemis 0 22 0 99 0 90 0 22 IR jemis 0 91 Solr Diffu jabs resis 0 05 19200 0 99 1 0 05 19200 70 0 201 0 004 0 112 Solr Diffu jabs resis 0 20 19200 0 99 1 0 65 30 0 20 19200 Solr Diffu jabs resis 0 50 11 0 13 Chipboard 0 10 Wilton R Descr m K W 0 01 Plate glass 0 17 air 0 17 0 17 0 01 Plate glass 80 deg 0 202 0 00
16. U values horiz upward downward heat flow 2 811 3 069 2 527 partition 2 243 e door OPAQ OPAQUE H i Clear float 76 71 6mm no blind with id of DCF7671_06nb f int_doors OPAQ OPAQUE with 3 layers including air gaps and visible trn 0 76 gmass part OPAQ OPAQUE Direct transmission 0 40 55 70 80 deg P 0 611 0 583 0 534 0 384 0 170 hint_part OPAQ OPAQUE Layer absorption 0 40 55 70 80 deg id_glz TRAN DCF7671 O6nb 1 0 157 0 172 0 185 0 201 0 202 al Tas 2 0 001 0 002 0 003 0 004 0 005 j dbl_glz TRAN DCF7671_06nb 3 0 117 0 124 0 127 0 112 0 077 ISO 6946 U value assumes Rso 0 04 amp Rsi 0 13 m 2deg C W Figure 17 window construction material A warning window appears as a reminder of the modifications occurred to the geometry of the zone Repeat the process for the following windows lf a surface has more than one window the bounding surface will be revised to flow around the new hole You will be asked to provide the corner left or right to which link the new hole If the first hole is linked to the lower left corner of the bounding surface the new surface might link to the lower right corner This convention will hopefully limit the chance of the edges crossing Also you will need to list the corner node number See fig 18 Integer request There is already a hole in the surface comer of the new surface to connect to Which vertex in the bounding surface to tie to usually at lower right corner of b
17. a height If the insertion is a percentage of parent surface the opening will be a percentage of the surface and will be positioned at the centre of the surface Before confirming the position check if the position is ok on the wireframe scheme see fig 16 Deleting a window can be a demanding task involving deleting the window surface the associated vertexes of the parent surface description and the deletion of these vertexes as coordinates ESP r course notes version 11 7 13 62 Project two storey flat with simple heating and cooling sistem Position OK see help poccuvececeey EE no st i Help default yes ok X Cancel Figure 16 positioning of the window When prompted for a name try to follow a similar approach to the previous definitions e g z0 win s You will be asked to select a construction for the inserted surface from the database See fig 17 com posites Details of transparent construction d_glz with DCF7671 06nb optics a extern wall OPAQ OPAQUE Layer Prim Thick Conduc Density Specif IR Solr Diffu R Descr binsul mtlLp OPAO OPAQUE db mm tivity heat emis abs resis m 2K W Ext 242 6 0 0 760 2710 837 0 83 0 05 19200 0 01 plate glass Plate glass with placeholder s cintern_wall OPAQ OPAQUE 2 0 12 0 0 000 0 0 0 990 99 1 0 17 air 0 17 0 17 0 17 d pa rtition OPAQ OPAQUE Int 242 6 0 0 760 2710 837 0 83 0 05 19200 0 01 plate glass Plate glass with placeholder s ISO 6946
18. an origin typically X 0 0 Y 0 0 the North direction and a line of known length to get scaling from Four options are then presented after the selection of the input dimension rectangular plan define the coordinates of the origin the prism width depth and height Assuming the prism is orthogonal to the coordinated system width depth and height are the length of the vector in the X Y and Z axis respectively The orientation of the prism may be corrected by the rotation angle measure in degrees anticlockwise from the X axis see fig 10 polygon plan define the elevation of the base the elevation of the top and number of walls excluding the base and top The coordinates of the base vertex are defined in the X and Y axis input the coordinates around the base polygon anti clockwise looking from the top preferably beginning from the lower left corner of the enclosure The extrusion rotation is the angle between the site Y axis and north for the prism assuming anticlockwise as a positive rotation Note this is different from the box orientation associated with the extruded rectangle General 3D define a set of vertices and then link them together to form surfaces linked anticlockwise from the lower left when viewing the outside of the surface You will be prompted for an origin point and a 2m x 2m floor surface will be placed there ESP r course notes version 11 7 10 62 From this initial surface modi
19. course notes Version 11 7 21 62 Simulation interaction options O run interactively _ p O cancel cosessoceseeseseesesssocsesossseseos Help ok X cancel Figure 27 Simulation interaction options When the simulation finishes you will return automatically to the Browse Edit Simulate Menu If the zone results path is not inserted for the run in silent mode the program saves the results file res on the directory were ESP r was launched on the command shell For the run interactive the program will forward the name_of_file res results file to the cfg directory option with set of folders 9 RESULT ANALYSIS You will be able to access the results from the simulation under _Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt Browse Edit Simulate r result analysis to open the module ESP r Results Analysis The library name res file should be available for selection As your simulation doesn t have any plant or system defined you will only analyse the climate parameters the temperature in the zone the flux transfer gain losses on the building surfaces and casual gains To view graphs select results analysis gt a Graphs gt Graphs facilities gt a Time var graph gt Time series plot Select a Climate gt Climate choices gt a Ambient temperature and b Temperatures gt any temperature option i e a Zone db T To visualise these two variants in the same graph select draw graph All variables selected w
20. notes version 11 7 35 62 14 1 Natural Ventilated Zone Control for air flow network by opening the windows Having previous defined you fluid flow network with nodes components and connections nets NV afn You will now define a control for that win _open component To Create a control for that win_open component Model Management gt gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt gt Controls gt 1 network flow Control file ctl nv ctl Ok Controls gt add delete copy Options add loop N vent bhydronic control day types currently 0 weekday saturday sunday How many periods in day type 1 default is 1 period free floating 3 See fig 50 Controls a control focus gt gt vent hydronic Se UE b description no overall control descript O delete control loop add control loop c description no flow control description O copy control loop loops 0 O cancel O del add copy day type Help 0K X cancel Integer request Se 1 default is 1 period free floating 3 Al Ti Help use default lt ok 2 Cancel Figure 50 Network flow control CI Sa Le DURAND es D EUR DUB a j senses flow node or connection Flow actuator a single flow connection b flow component amp assoc Specific location cecccccccccesececececececececesececescceceeeg RES CETEECEEE EEE CEE EEE EELEEES O surface continue Help ox X cancel Flow component N
21. strath ac uk File Preferences View Help Project two storey flat with simple heating and cooling system Period Thu 01 Jan to Wed 07 Jan Year 2009 SIMUL a Specify results db b Specify simulation period m Monitor state variables t Invoke time step controller N mr araa s Invoke simulation lt Delete last result set uun pou suay Sen a s riod Thu 01 Jan 01h00 Wed 07 Jan 24h00 Start up period 12 day s Zone time steps 1 hr 60 00 min intervals saved at each timestep g Simulation toggles i Info on current parameters of zones z 2 s Jae thas Maa OID o View data from 0 level save Zone results db size 54 8 Mbytes Time step controller Not active Exit to main menu Results saved for the period from day 1 of month 1 today 7 of month 1 E Kl Monitoring now in progress Figure 35 Monitor variables during the run of simulation gt monitor select a zone of interest and Exit Select temperature and or plant flux and define a Minimum and maximum values for the scale of the graph Again in the previous menu select s invoke simulation and answer to name of the control file and a results set description The simulation will start with the monitored selection on a graph When finished you will have to save the results See fig 35 ESP r course notes Version 11 7 27 62 13 RESULTS Enquire about You will be able to access the results from th
22. t 20 t i 5 0 o 10 n 0 0 0 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 Zone db temperature degC Bin width 3 0 Figure 57 frequency distribution of hours when the zone dry bulb temperature is in a specific range ESP r course notes version 11 7 40 62 Lib nv res Set 2 Results for naturally ventilated space Period Thu 01 Jan 00h30 2009 to Thu 31 Dec 23h30 2009 sim 60m output Zones z0 z1 Filtered by occupancy 2500 0 100 00 D i s 2000 0 80 00 t e s 1500 0 60 00 1 Cc g 1000 0 40 00 e n t t i 500 0 20 00 oO n 0 0 0 00 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 Zone db temperature degC Bin width 3 0 Figure 58 Cumulative distribution of hours when the zone dry bulb temperature is in a specific range 15 3 N of hours above or below a certain setpoint results analysis gt d Enquire about gt c hours above a value gt b Temperatures gt a Zone db T Test point value 20 See Annex 4 15 4 Energy consumption and n of hours required results analysis gt d Enquire about gt f energy delivered Or results analysis gt d Enquire about gt h zone energy balance Energy balance options integrated over time Zone energy balance grouped by plant status to see the casual energy breakdown for the heating cooling and off period Zone energy balance grouped by gain loss to see the casual energy breakdown in terms of gain and losses See Annex 5 ESP r course notes version 11 7 41 62 16 Bibliography J A C
23. t forget to link the internal nodes to the zones The air movement is restricted between the nodes external lt gt internal via crack openings around windows and open windows You will have to create these ESP r course notes version 11 7 29 62 components For these components you will have to define the type amp description such as air flow crack or air flow opening and width length or area of the hole Thirdly you will have to define the connections between the nodes via the COMPONENTS lf you want to define a window opening for passive ventilation say to open above a certain temperature you will have to create a control for ventilation You will have to create a loop that senses the temperature in a zone and defines a control strategy for certain periods and temperature setpoints You will also have to address an actuator that connects to a previous defined component window Begin the network description by specifying a few nodes components and connections Model Management gt gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate e network flow Define air flow via flow network menu Flow network file nv afn ok File not found Options make new file Is the new network all air See fig 37 Fluid Flow Network File not found Options O specify another file make new file gt O schedule flow network menu flow network graphic cancel make network from zone
24. type occupants lighting and small power Do not include periods to be imported from events profiles Example of a schedule including 6 periods Watts __ schedule aan O 7 10 13 14 18 24 Time The default assumption is that there is one period from 0h00 to 24h00 with zero sensible and latent gains for each casual gain type on each day type This ensures that nothing is happening in the zone until you provide relevant information e g insert at least one period and define a casual gain You will be required to define the casual gains occupancy lights and small power for each day type weekday saturday and sunday their periods of activity and starting times Correspondent gains will be defined for each period Select for day type weekday the number of casual gain periods for each gain type and each starting times See fig 22 Repeat the process for day types Saturday and Sunday The default assumption is that there is one period from 0 00 to 24 00 with zero sensible and latent gains for each casual gain type on each day type ESP r course notes version 11 7 18 62 Text request No of weekdays casual gain periods occupants lights equipment or small power FRS Use default OK Cancel Help Text request Start time for each weekdays small power period E Help Use default OK Cancel Text request Start time f
25. with the single directory no paths are necessary When asked if are there any nested control functions select no See fig 31 Under the Controls select the weekdays wkd period to go to menu Editing options and select the following options gt a sensor details gt Zone sensoraSa senses current zone db temp gt b actuator details gt Zone actuatoraSa at current zone air point gt c period of validity set it for the whole year gt d period data gt Control periods for each period selected chose the control law Are there any nested control functions en only property substitution allowed After editing the sensor location it may be necessary to update the actuator location Foure 31 zone control ere To define an active system during the occupancy hours 3 periods would be enough However it is best practice to start the system a short period before people arrive on a less tight set point temperature or on a lower power For that reason 4 periods are ideal lf no control nor power supply is defined select under the control law gt b free float controller You will be asked the period start time That law stands until the following period starts Define the first period as such You can set a short period where the system will start on pre run usually an hour before the arrival of the occupants Set a lower capacity than expected The following period can also have the same control law but high heating or cool
26. 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 O MLC ex 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 30 95 15 78 O MLC in 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 29 69 5 14 T MLC ex 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 7 06 46 78 IT MLC in 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 No plant input extract Totals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 67 7 67 7 Lib ac res air conditioning building with 2 zones Period Sat 1 Jan 00h30 to Sun 31 Dec 23h30 Year 2000 sim 60m output 60m Causal energy breakdown kWhrs at air point for zone 1 grd Gain Loss ESP r course notes version 11 7 57 62 Infiltration air load 0 001 260 685 Ventilation air load 0 000 0 601 Occupt casual gains 177 155 0 000 Lights casual gains 24 864 0 000 Equipt casual gains 0 000 0 000 Opaque MLC convec ext 219 514 786 117 Opaque MLC convec int 20 576 80 342 Transp MLC convec ext 17 584 188 216 Transp MLC convec int 0 000 0 000 Convec portion of plant 887 484 31 218 Totals 1347 178 1347 179 Causal energy breakdown kWhrs at air point for zone 2 1st Gain Loss Infiltration air load 0 000 0 000 Ventilation air load 0 000 0 000 Occupt casual gains 0 000 0 000 Lights casual gains 0 000 0 000 Equipt casual gains 0 000 0 000 Opaque MLC convec ext 30 951 15 779 Opaque MLC convec int 29 685 5 142 Transp MLC convec ext 7 065 46 780 Transp MLC convec int 0 000 0 000 No plant input extract Totals 67 701 67 701 ESP r course notes version 11 7 58 62 ANNEX 6 Lib nv rest Results for naturally ventilated zone Period Sat 15 Jul 0QhS0 tot Tue
27. 0 Year 2000 sim 60m output 60m Zone total sensible and latent plant used kWhrs Zone Sensible heating Sensible cooling Humidification Dehumidification id name Energy No of Energy No of Energy No of Energy No of kWhrs Hr rqd kWhrs Hr rad kWhrs Hr rqad kWhrs Hr rad 1 grd 887 48 2022 0 31 22 326 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 2 1st 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 All 887 48 31 22 0 00 0 00 Lib ac res air conditioning building with 2 zones Period Sat 1 Jan 00h30 to Sun 31 Dec 23h30 Year 2000 sim 60m output 60m Causal energy breakdown kWhrs at air point for zone 1 grd Htg period Clg period OFF period Gain Loss Gain Loss Gain Loss Infiltr 0 00 114 33 0 00 0 00 0 00 146 35 Ventilat 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 60 UCOccupt 123235 0 00 22 80 0 00 31 01 0 00 UCLights 15 77 0 00 3 79 0 00 5 30 0 00 UCEquipt 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 O MLC ex 0 18 748 75 6 19 4 81 213 14 32 56 O MLC in 0 00 66 97 0 18 1 42 20 40 11 94 T MLC ex 1 62 88 71 5 61 0 86 10 35 98 64 IT MLC in 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Plant 887 48 0 00 0 00 31 22 0 00 0 00 Totals 1028 4 1018 8 38 6 38 3 280 2 290 1 Causal energy breakdown kWhrs at air point for zone 2 lst Htg period Clg period OFF period Gain Loss Gain Loss Gain Loss Infiltr 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 Ventilat 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 UCOccupt 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 UCLights 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 UCEquipt 0 00 0 00
28. 00 0 4 00 0 0 0 00 0 0 15 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 15 0 Time hrs Figure 24 casual gains distribution Before you leave the casual gains section and in particular if you have defined just the periods with casual gains do not forget to check remove period overlaps to guarantee the the O to 24 hours for every day and gain types Select Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt 6 composition gt Zones Composition g operational details gt Zone Operations ESP r course notes version 11 7 19 62 Selection gt select a zone gt Zone operations gt d edit casual gains gt Casual gains in z0 gt check remove overlaps A similar approach is used for defining the schedule air flow of a space by setting the periods of operation and their rates See fig 25 To define an infiltration and ventilation select Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt C composition gt zones Composition operational details gt Zone Operations Selection gt select a zone gt Zone operations gt c edit scheduled air flows gt gt Air flow in z0 add delete copy air flows Consider a permanent infiltration of 0 5 ac h The program considers infiltration the air flow between a zone and the outside and the ventilation the air flow between zones Real number request Infiltration rate Add period to Options see help O all day types D add period delete period copy period im
29. 18 Jul 2shs0 Yeart2000 siml 60m output bom fonest grd ist Misc 300 0 i ae HE 230 0 pa H a p Doo Fr _ Wind direc a PE hu 200 0 ae oe 150 0 100 0 BOO 0 0 0 o 16 24 af 40 48 56 Ed F2 60 Go JE Time Hrs Figure 59 Wind direction from London weather file in 15th to 18th July 1967 Lib nv rest Results for naturally ventilated zone Period Sat 15 Jul 0QhS0 tot Tue 18 Jul G2shs0 Year 2000 sim 60m output m zones grd ist Misc 1 ba i i Wind speed Time Hrs Figure 60 Wind speed from London weather file in 15th to 18th July 1967 ESP r course notes version 11 7 59 62 ANNEX 7 bbNV ctl file Naturally ventilated zone overall descr Building no descrip bld descr 1 No of functions Control function senses the temperature of the current zone O 0 0 O sensor data actuates air point of the current zone O 0 O actuator data 0 No day types 1 365 valid Sat 1 Jan Sun 31 Dec 3 No of periods in day O 2 0 000 ctltype law free floating start 0 No of data items O 1 9 000 ctltype law basic control start 7 No of data items 3000 000 0 000 3000 000 0 000 20 000 100 000 0 000 Comment 1 the previous line defines the maximum 1 data and minimum 2 heating capacity the maximum 3 data and minimum 4 cooling capacity the heating temperature setpoint 5 and the cooling temperature setpoint 6 data In this case set to 100 The last data is 0
30. 20 2050 184 0 90 0 85 2 0 29 Gravel based 3 32 0 1500 1 400 2100 653 0 90 0 65 19 0 11 Heavy mix concrete 4 0 0 0500 0 000 Q 0 0 99 0 99 1 0 17 air 0 17 0 17 0 17 5 67 0 0190 0 150 800 2093 0 91 0 65 96 0 13 Chipboard Int 221 0 0060 0 060 186 1360 0 90 0 60 10 0 10 Wilton Standardised U value 0 86 Total area of grnd floor is 24 00 Details of opaque construction ceiling Layer Prim Thick Conduc Density Specif IR Solr Diffu R Descr db m tivity heat emis abs resis m 2K W Ext 211 0 1000 0 040 250 840 0 90 0 30 4 2 50 Glasswool Int 150 0 0100 0 030 290 2000 0 90 0 60 8 0 33 Ceiling mineral Standardised U value 0 33 Total area of ceiling is 24 00 ESP r course notes Version 11 7 55 62 ANNEX 4 Lib nv res Set 1 Results for naturally ventilated zone Period Sat 1 Jan 00h30 to Sun 31 Dec 23h30 Year 2000 Time steps sim 60m output 60m Zone db temperature degC Reporting number of hours above 26 00 Description Maximum Minimum Mean No of hours value occurrence value occurrence value above below above grd 29 40 12 Jul 17h30 11 07 10 Jan 09h30 20 67 52 00 2279 00 2 2 lst No data probably due to filtering Total number of hours greater than query point 52 00 2 2 Total number of hours less than or equal to query point 2279 00 97 8 ESP r course notes version 11 7 56 62 ANNEX 5 Lib ac res air conditioning building with 2 zones Period Sat 1 Jan 00h30 to Sun 31 Dec 23h3
31. 5 0 077 R Descr Im K W 0 00 Aluminium 0 17 air 0 17 0 17 2 00 Glass Fibre 0 00 Aluminium R Descr m K W 0 03 Gypsum 48 62 Layer Prim db Ext 263 2 262 3 32 concrete Int 83 Thick I m 0 2500 0 1500 0 1500 0 0240 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer 1 Prim db 69 Thick I m 0 0250 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Ext Int Prim Idb 43 69 Thick I m 0 0020 0 0250 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Ext 2 0 17 3 Quilt 4 5 0 17 Int plaster Prim Idb 43 0 281 43 104 Thick I m 0 0030 0 0250 0 0800 0 0030 0 0500 0 0130 Standardised U value Conduc tivity 1 280 0 520 1 400 2 000 1 28 int_doors Conduc tivity 0 190 3 23 first compos Conduc tivity 210 000 0 190 3 23 ext_ wall Conduc tivity 210 000 0 000 0 040 210 000 0 000 0 420 0 39 Details of opaque composite partition Layer ESP r course notes version 11 7 Prim Thick Conduc Density 1460 2050 2100 2500 Density 700 Density 2700 700 Density 2700 0 12 2700 1200 Density Specif heat 879 184 653 880 Specif heat 2390 Specif heat 880 2390 Specif heat 880 O 840 880 837 Specif IR j
32. 53 ANNEX 4 Results Hours above a certain value 56 ANNEX 5 Results Energy Consumption anase 57 ANNEX 6 1R6 SUIS VVING AAA SN ann eec des sesces 59 ANNEX CONTONE eeraa aa ce ne 60 ESP r course notes Version 11 7 2 62 1 STRUCTURE OF THE COURSE 1st Day Objectives become familiar with the Project Manager and create the mandatory files to perform a simulation The following tasks will be carried out Geometrical definition of two zones a 2 storey flat Definition selection of defaults of constructions for the surfaces defined Connection of the surfaces If in contact to a zone other than the exterior Creation of a window within a wall and attribution of transparent material Creation of internal gains as occupants and or lighting and equipment including operation schedules Creation of an infiltration and or ventilation system user defined air changes and its operation schedules Use of the simulator module Use of the results analysis module 214 day Objectives develooment of skills by testing optional modules The tasks to be carried out Creation of a multi layer construction to be used instead of the default Creation of a simple heating and or cooling system Result analysis of energy demand 3 day objectives study of an air flow network on a naturally ventilated model The tasks to be carried out Definition of nodes components and connections of the flow network Definition of a contro
33. 60m2 window area is 8 000m2 Sloped roof area is 0 00m2 flat roof area is 24 00m2 skylight area is 0 00m2 There is 99 60m2 of outside surface area 75 60m2 of which is vertical Outside walls are 281 7 of floor area amp avg U of 0 000 amp UA of 0 00 Flat roof is 100 0 of floor area amp avg U of 0 332 amp UA of 7 970 Glazing 1s 33 33 of floor amp 10 58 facade with avg U of 2 749 amp UA of 21 99 Multi layer constructions used Details of transparent construction d glz with DCF7671 O6nb optics Layer Prim Thick Conduc Density Specif IR Solr Diffu R Descr db m tivity heat emis abs resis m 2K W Ext 242 0 0060 160 2710 837 0 83 0 05 19200 0 01 Plate glass 2 0 0 0120 000 0 0 0 99 0 99 1 0 17 air 0 17 0 17 0 17 Int 242 0 0060 160 2710 837 0 83 0 05 19200 0 01 Plate glass Standardised U value 2 75 I Clear float 76 71 6mm no blind with id of DCF 671 O6nb with 3 layers including air gaps and visible trn 0 76 Direct transmission 0 40 55 70 80 deg 0 611 0 583 0 534 0 384 0 170 Layer absorption 0 40 55 70 80 deg 1 0 157 0 172 0 185 0 201 0 202 2 0 001 0 002 0 003 0 004 0 005 3 0 117 0 124 0 127 0 112 0 077 Total area of d glz is 8 00 Details of opaque construction grnd floor Layer Prim Thick Conduc Density Specif IR Solr Diffu R Descr db m tivity heat emis abs resis m 2K W Ext 263 0 2500 1 280 1460 879 0 90 0 85 0 20 Common earth 2 262 0 1500 0 5
34. 650 2100 2100 Density 1500 800 Density 700 Density 1460 2050 2100 837 653 840 Specif heat 879 900 653 650 Specif heat 650 837 Specif heat 2390 Specif heat 879 184 653 0 90 0 90 0 99 0 90 IR jemis 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 91 IR jemis 0 90 0 91 IR jemis 0 90 IR jemis 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 99 0 90 0 65 0 99 0 60 Soir abs 0 85 0 55 0 65 0 65 Soir abs 0 65 0 60 Soir abs 0 65 Soir abs 0 85 0 85 0 65 0 99 15 12 Diffu resis 77 19 19 Diffu resis 15 Diffu resis 12 Diffu resis 19 0 06 0 13 0 17 0 02 IR Im K W 0 08 0 03 0 04 0 04 IR m K W 0 34 0 07 R m K W 0 13 m K W 0 20 0 29 0 11 0 17 Roofing felt Light mix air 0 17 0 17 Ceiling plaster Descr Common earch Red granite Heavy mix Cement screed Descr Breeze block Perlite Descr Oak radial Descr Common earch Gravel based Heavy mix air 0 17 0 17 47 62 5 67 Int 221 0 0190 0 0060 Standardised U value Details of transparent construction dbl_glz Layer Prim db Ext 242 2 O 0 17 Int 242 Thick M 0 0060 0 0120 0 0060 Standardised U value Clear float 76 71 0 150 0 060 0 86 Conduc tivity 0 760 0 000 0 760 2 5 800 186 2093 1360 0 91 0 90 0 65
35. Auto generate flow connections see help TE Select option or continue erz aa Add O Delete ne Copy O Continue no _ HHep defaut no Box Acanca ep oc x coca Figure 45 Network flow connections Connections gt add delete copy Select option or continue Add First ve node Currently NONE select the first node e g Z0_int First ve node Currently NONE select the second e g ext_north Height of ve linkage point relative to node ZO_int 0 Height of ve linkage point relative to node ext_north 0 Linking component currently NONE win_open See fig 46 Real number request Linking component currently win open Height of ve linkage point relative to node ext_n eigl Name Type Description g T Help Use default ex 2 Cancel Figure 46 Network flow connection int_zo to ext_ north via win_open EH Heb win_ope a win _crk 120 Specific air flow crack m rho f W L dP 110 Specific air flow opening m rho f A dP Repeat the process for the connection of Z0_int to ext_north via win_crk See fig 47 ESP r course notes version 11 7 34 62 es Select option or continue Add O Delete O Copy O Continue _Hne Box X cancel tt Help default ves lt 710K X cancel Real number request Real number request Height of ve linkage point relative to node z0 int Height of ve linkage point relative to node ext_n
36. London Metropolitan University Masters in Architecture Energy and Sustainability European Masters in the Integration of Renewable Energies into Buildings Module AR52P ESP r Luisa Brotas Arch PhD ARB RIBA ESP r course notes version 11 7 1 62 Table of Contents a EE EA E E EEE ne ET AAE ee mension di eos 2 1 STRUCTURE OFTHE COURSE na co te 3 SONI COIS TION car aE E A ne cad le a ds a cn 4 9 STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAM asirieni osno o aoni 4 AGE THUNG STARTED sirsa tn tt tee A eee eee 6 SMODE L GEOME TR Y oreari E a an ae a on 9 DMrAdd a WINGOW TO ai SUN ACC osans r EE 12 C CONSTRU TIONS Sn a 15 7g el VA THON WAR ate eGR a nd nee ne a dt a ne ne 17 S SIMULATION ITC OFaleG TES nn semaine 21 JR SULT ANALEYSIS IONS anise i i de a Ih eda 22 10 DATABASE MODIFICATIONS SR rte te 22 11 SIMPLE HEATING GOOLING CONTROL asus ne neue nets 24 12 SIMULATION interactive TURRE S ec dns neacner es oies ions cran 27 IS RESULTS TEXTMOR nsc cedesnete cases eao etienne 28 TA AIR FLOW NETWORK araea na ta ste dtens coter sonate 28 14 1 Natural Ventilated Zone Control for air flow network by opening the windows 36 TS TS SR a tant datent dde tee an tdi 39 1st TEXAS CNOI nense MR dd nt etes 39 TACO Sse iain a do Ro 39 10 ESOC ANN ters ic iti sO none en nn Renan lah eae we Anne 42 ANNEX T Materiak database is bates eset nt E este eee oee egers 43 ANNEX 2 GOnSituChOns dala base need ne naan 46 ANNEX 3 GCOmMMOUGAN ON TIIE Rae Ad ti cn
37. Table 2 Table 2 Filename convention File type Extension System Configuration cfg System control ctl Geometry geo Construction con Operations opr Shading Insolation shd View factors wet Air flows air Convention Coefficients hcf Site obstructions obs Mass Flow Network mfn Transparent mc Constructions eon Casual Gains Control Cgc ESP r also includes databases which are essential for the simulation primitive and composite constructions event profiles plant components and climatic collections Depending on the installation they are usually on the following directories and folders prm usr esru esp r databases constr db1 mic usr esru esp r databases multicon db1 opt usr esru esp r databases optics db1 ESP r course notes version 11 7 5 62 prs usr esru esp r databases pressc db1 evn usr esru esp r databases profiles db1 cim usr esru esp r climate clm67 pdb usr esru esp r databases plantc db1 These databases can be accessed and viewed through the Project Manager but depending on the users permissions they can be modified if copied to a different directory A good example of use of these databases are the primitives materials and multiconstruction layered construction databases that can be accessed to select typical materials and construction systems for the building envelope To perform a simulation with ESP r the following file types may be produced
38. ame Type Description a win crk 120 Specific air flow crack D non apenn 110 Specific air flow openir help exit this menu Figure 51 Network flow actuator Under Controls select the loop gt Editing options gt a sensor details Flow sensor gt m senses temp in a specific zone select zone 20 pacifico 10030100 Zone dlr POLN ESP r course notes version 11 7 36 62 Flow actuator gt b flow component amp assoc connections Flow component gt b win_open See fig 51 Editing options gt c period of validity set for one year Editing options gt d period data Control periods Basically you will want the window to open during occupancy times when the inside temperature is above 24 C Periods when the window is closed are set with a temperature setpoint unrealistic say above 100 C Select one of the periods and in available laws gt a on off Period start time O0 On Off setpoint action fraction on 100 1 0 1 On above a setpoint 1 On below and The fraction of capacity area width or flow rate accepts values for areas between 0 0 and 1 0 and for door width between 0 1 and 1 0 Select the second period with the same law on off starting time at 9 and with a law setpoint and action set to 24 and 1 with fraction 1 The last period will start at 18 with a law setpoint and action set to 100 and 1 and O See fig 52 Available laws a on off b proportional with hysteresis Real nu
39. at lemis Jabs _ resis m K W Ext 4 0 1000 0 960 2000 650 0 90 0 93 25 0 10 Outer leaf brick 2 211 0 0750 0 040 250 840 0 90 0 30 4 1 88 Glasswool 3 O 0 0500 0 000 0 O 0 99 0 99 1 0 17 air 0 17 0 17 0 17 Int 2 0 1000 0 440 1500 650 0 90 0 65 15 0 23 Breeze block Standardised U value 0 39 Details of opaque composite roof _1 Layer Prim Thick Conduc Density Specif IR Solr Diffu R Descr db m tivity heat lemis Jabs _ resis Im K W ESP r course notes Version 11 7 46 62 Ext 162 0 0120 2 21 0 0500 3 0 0 0500 0 17 Int 151 0 0080 Standardised U value 0 190 0 380 0 000 0 380 1 77 Details of opaque composite floor_1 Layer Prim Thick db M Ext 263 0 1000 2 82 0 1000 3 32 0 0500 concrete Int 124 0 0500 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Prim Thick db M Ext 2 0 1500 Int 103 0 0120 plasterboard Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Prim Thick db M 1 69 0 0250 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Prim Thick db M Ext 263 0 2500 2 262 0 1500 3 32 0 1500 concrete 4 0 0 0500 0 17 ESP r course notes version 11 7 Conduc tivity 1 280 2 900 1 400 1 400 2 6 intern_wall Conduc tivity 0 440 0 180 1 71 door Conduc tivity 0 190 3 23 grnd_ floor Conduc tivity 1 280 0 520 1 400 0 000 960 1200 1120 Density 1460 2
40. brick Outer leaf brick Vermiculite insulating 2 Concrete 21 Light mix 22 Aerated block O1 amp ND KR 23 Aerated concrete 24 Refractory insulating 25 Vermiculite aggregrate 26 No fines concrete 27 Foamed slag concrete 28 Block inner 3 mc 29 Foamed inner block 3 mc 30 Foamed outer block 5 mc 31 Glass reinforced 32 Heavy mix concrete 3 Metal AT Copper 42 Steel 43 Aluminium 4 Wood 61 Block wood 62 Hardboard medium 63 Hardboard standard 64 Fir 20 mc 65 Flooring 66 Cork board 67 Chipboard 68 Weatherboard 69 Oak radial 70 Plywood 71 Softwood 72 Plywood 73 Softboard 5 Stone 81 Sandstone 82 Red granite 83 White marble 84 Limestone 85 Slate 86 Gravel 87 Chippings ANNEX 1 Condutivity Density Specific Heat IR emissivity absorptivity resistance W m C 0 96 0 44 0 62 0 96 0 27 0 38 0 24 0 16 0 25 0 17 0 96 0 25 0 51 0 16 0 17 0 90 1 40 200 00 50 00 210 00 0 16 0 08 0 13 0 14 0 14 0 04 0 15 0 14 0 19 0 15 0 13 0 15 0 56 1 83 2 90 2 00 1 50 2 00 0 36 0 96 ESP r course notes version 11 7 kg m 2000 1500 1800 2000 100 1200 150 500 10 450 1800 1040 1400 600 600 1950 2100 8900 7800 2 00 800 600 900 419 600 160 800 650 100 560 630 100 350 2200 2650 2500 2180 2 00 1840 1800 J kg C 840 650 840 650 840 653 1000 840 837 837 840 960 1000 1000 1000 840 653 418 502 880 2093
41. cated in the model folder or in the ctl folder on multiple directories with the model name and extension ect You will be asked to define the type of days related to the control Select the weekday Saturday sunday to be able to set up different controls for those three days type See fig 30 r Integer request How many periods in day type 1 default is 1 period free E a re ne se Help Use default Xc Cancel Help Use default ok 2 Cancel Figure 30 setting of the zone not Day types periods and start time For day type 1 weekday select 4 periods You will be asked for the starting times for each period For days type 2 saturday and type 3 Sunday select 1 period with a free floating controller It is not necessary to define the exact number of periods as they can be added later in the following menu These day types and periods will allow the control to be switch off during the weekend ESP r course notes version 11 7 24 62 days and during the night on weekdays When accessing the control file at the second time do not select dereference as this option will clear the name of the control file but does not alter information within the control description You can re establish control by including the control file name As default the path of the model redirects to the folder cfg To access the ctl which is in same directory level type ctl filename ctl For the location of the file
42. cr Aluminium Glass Fibre 50 62 Int 43 0 0030 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer mc Prim db 1 28 Thick I m 0 2400 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Prim db Ext 103 plasterboard 2 0 0 17 Int 103 plasterboard Thick I m 0 0120 0 0250 0 0120 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer mineral Prim db Ext 211 Int 150 Thick M 0 1000 0 0100 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer mineral Int 211 Prim db Ext 150 Thick m 0 0100 0 1000 Standardised U value 210 000 0 46 mass_part Conduc tivity 0 510 1 54 int_part Conduc tivity 0 180 0 000 0 180 2 08 ceiling Conduc tivity 0 040 0 030 0 33 ceiling_rev Conduc tivity 0 030 0 040 0 33 Details of opaque composite roof_2 Layer ESP r course notes version 11 7 Prim db Thick M Conduc Itivity 2700 Density 1400 Density 800 800 Density 250 290 Density 290 250 Density 880 Specif heat 1000 Specif heat 837 837 Specif heat 840 2000 Specif heat 2000 840 Specif heat 0 22 IR jemis 0 90 IR jemis 0 91 0 99 0 91 IR jemis 0 90 0 90 IR jemis 0 90 0 90 IR jemis 0 20 S
43. defines that the actuator is actuating on a flow component ex 3 Component win_open the 2 digit for this particular model 3 defines the mass flow component number See the network component defined to find out the number of your actuating Component your defined win_open The 3 digit for this particular model 2 namely Z0_int to ext_south and Z0 int to ext_north defines the number of connections related to your component 3 win_open 0 No day types 1 365 valid Sat 1 Jan Sun 31 Dec 3 No of periods in day 1 0 0 000 ctl type dry bulb gt flow law on off start Comment 4 this particular model has been defined with a control law sensing the temperature in the node and actuating the flow rate defined in the network index 1 with a on off controller 0 ESP r course notes Version 11 7 61 62 and starting at Oh 2 No of data items 100 000 1 000 1 0 9 000 ctl type dry bulb gt flow law on off start 2 No of data items 25 000 1 000 1 0 18 000 ctl type dry bulb gt flow law on off start 2 No of data items 100 000 1 000 Comment 5 the controller will be ON 2 digit 1 positive when the temperature is above 25 C 1 digit between 9 and 18 hrs on week days 1 365 valid Sat 1 Jan Sun 31 Dec 1 No of periods in day 1 0 0 000 ctl type dry bulb gt flow law on off start 2 No of data items 0 000 1 000 1 365
44. ding Ceiling mineral Ceiling plaster 9 Asphalt and bitumen Bitumen felt Roofing felt Asphalt mastic roofing Asphalt Bitumen composit floor Bitumen impregnt d paper Asphalt reflective coat 10 Asbestos Asbestos cement Cement sheet Asbestos sheet Asbestos insulation 11 Insulation materials 1 Fibreboard Woodwool UF foam Thermalite Polyurethane foam board Siporex PVC Hard rubber Cratherm board Silicon ESP r course notes version 11 7 0 50 0 16 0 18 0 42 0 08 0 20 0 19 0 41 1 28 0 87 1 40 0 50 1 13 0 79 0 85 1 10 2 00 0 50 0 30 0 08 0 55 0 85 1 40 0 03 0 38 0 50 0 19 1 15 1 20 0 85 0 06 1 20 0 36 0 36 0 16 0 16 0 06 0 10 0 03 0 19 0 03 0 12 0 16 0 15 0 05 0 18 1300 600 800 1200 400 120 950 1200 2100 2085 2100 1300 1431 1329 1900 2100 2 00 1050 1600 530 1900 2000 2100 290 1120 1700 960 2325 2300 2400 1090 2300 1500 700 2500 577 300 500 30 753 30 550 1379 1200 176 700 1000 1000 837 837 837 837 840 840 1007 837 650 1000 1000 1000 837 837 753 837 2000 1800 837 837 650 2000 840 1000 837 837 1700 1000 1000 1700 1000 1050 1050 840 1000 1000 1764 837 837 1004 1004 1000 837 1004 0 91 0 91 0 91 0 91 0 91 0 91 0 91 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 91 0 91 0 91 0 91 0 90 0 90 0 95 0 90 0 94 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90
45. e edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt Cc Composite 1ons gt Zones Composition gt a geometry and attribution gt gt Zone geometry and attrib New zone options O load existing CAD cancel Ti Help 0K X cancel Figure 8 new zone input options ESP r course notes version 11 7 9 62 After defining a name maximum 12 characters without blanks and a short description of the zone 64 characters you may create the geometry with input dimensions load existing Esp r or CAD as in figure 8 and a base geometry as in fig 9 Base zone geometry on bitmap t Help 0K 2 cancel Figure 9 zone geometry options HELP You have the option to describe zone geometry as an extruded rectangle a floor plan extrusion or a general polyhedra Keeping the geometry as simple as possible will simplify the constructional attribution and result interpretation tasks Points from a bitmap Zone geometry can be defined by taking points from a scanned image of a site plan or floor plan To do this you need to scan the relevant source and then convert it to an XBM X11 monochrome bitmap file which should be placed in the project cfg folder Please ensure that the bitmap is large enough to allow for accurate positioning of the mouse The bitmap can be larger than the graphic display area and where it is you can pan left right and up down The source image should have indications on it of
46. e of the zone construction file By default a path with the zone name plus con extension will be suggested If not found create new file using this name The program also checks if the transparent constructions are up to date One by one the composition of surfaces of the zone will be asked Select from the database provided and exit to carry on for the following surface construction When selecting a surface in another Zone you will be prompted to select the other zone and the surface within it to be connected to If the other side was previous defined as other type of environment you will be asked to update the other side Although the environment on the other side has changed you will have to go to that surface attribute and change the construction Construction layers are defined from the outside to inside order So when selecting constructions that vary when viewed from one side or the other e g a ceiling make sure that on the other side of the surface the construction is inverted lf you already have a construction file you might want to continue with it Save the Composition of z0 gt save construction details to update the con and tmc construction files Confirm any update attributes associated with zone geometry to reflect recent changes The Topology Checker allows to define update or check the connections and boundaries of the surfaces defined Run this module to define the surface boundaries or to correct inconsist
47. e simulation under Model Management gt gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt r result analysis You learned in the last lesson how to access the graphical analysis facilities Today go under the results analysis gt d Enquire about gt gt Enquire about to see the following text results gt f energy delivered gt g casual gains distribution gt h zone energy balance gt 1 surface energy balance gt a summary statistics gt c hours above a value The output results will be send to the text window There are some options how to save the results on a format accessible by other applications You can select and copy the text and past it to a word package like open office Under the Enguire about menu gt output gt gt screen can be changed to a user defined file name in either the model folder or in an user defined folder Until deselected again all the selected results will be sent to this file leamix leami gt Figure 36 screen shot program icon Graphics can also be saved by taking a screenshot See fig 36 You can select the area to grab the whole desktop or the current window Alternatively data can be exported to a file and later imported into a spread sheet 14 AIR FLOW NETWORK The second model to be defined will have natural ventilation NV instead of an air conditioning system AC As the geometry and the occupancy are the same you can copy the existing model and rename it nv
48. edit select create or copy a construction database Within the construction add or delete a layer Pay attention that for constructions of interior surfaces that have nonsymetric layers you should create as well an inverted construction and link it to the one which has inverted layers Before exit the database don t forget to gt save database Esp r allows Climate data import from de EnergyPlus database at http apps1 eere energy gov buildings energyplus cfm weather_data cfm After downloading e extracting the archive file you will need to convert the EPW file to a binary one On a command line type Cm mode text file FIN _ Helsinki ace epw2bin silent FIN _ Helsink1 029740 IWEC epw You can them Model Management gt b database maintenance gt gt Database Maintenance a annual climate gt gt Climate db gt b select another db gt gt Climate Sers gt lt pgser Climate ob Climate file esp r binary format x home learnix weather Documents Selection home leamix weather FIN_helsinki X Cancel Figure 28 Importing Climate file Browse the Climate database to make sure it was imported correctly Do not forget to update the Latitude and Longitude of the location be consistent with the climate data Go Model Management gt browse edite simulate gt Browse Edit Simulate gt b model context gt Model Context gt a site latitude and b longitude difference Update the shading distrib
49. ee fig If the cracks are the same size on both facade there is only the need for one component which is utilized on the different connections Add another one aS window Component component name win_open component type amp description gt 110 Specific air flow opening and define Opening area of window m 2 See fig 43 Text request ie Select option or continue Add O Delete Cr O Copy O Continue J Help ok amp cance 4U LOMMON onnce TIOW component M mo 1 U0 A mo ar j 50 Laminar pipe vol flow rate comp m rho f L R mu dP help for synopsis Opening area of win open m2 k 110 Specific air flow opening m rho f A dP 2 000 120 Specific air flow crack m rho f W L dP FA Hel rf Help Use default x H Cancel m 130 Specific air flow door m rho f W H dP Be Ee ox Reana Figure 43 Network flow component window opening Component name lt 12 characters win_open RE Help Use default ex E Cancel Real number request x ESP r course notes version 11 7 33 62 Save Network Components Name Type Description awinicrk 120 Specific air flow crack m rho f W L dP bwin open 110 Specific air flow opening m rho f A dP add delete copy component Figure 44 Network flow components Then do the connections Fluid Flow Network gt e connections do not auto generate connections set them manually See fig 45
50. emis 0 90 0 90 0 90 0 90 IR jemis 0 90 IR jemis 0 22 0 90 IR lemis 0 22 0 99 0 90 0 22 0 99 0 91 IR Soir abs 0 85 0 85 0 65 0 46 Soir abs 0 65 Soir abs 0 20 0 65 Soir abs 0 20 0 99 0 65 0 20 0 99 0 50 Soir Diffu resis 19 38 Diffu resis 12 Diffu resis 19200 12 Diffu resis 19200 30 19200 11 Diffu IR m K W 0 20 0 29 0 11 0 01 R m K W 0 13 IR m K W 0 00 0 13 IR m K W 0 00 0 17 2 00 0 00 0 17 0 03 R Descr Common earch Gravel based Heavy mix White marble Descr Oak radial Descr Aluminium Oak radial Descr Aluminium air 0 17 0 17 Glass Fibre Aluminium air 0 17 0 17 Gypsum Descr 49 62 db Ext 104 plaster 2 O 0 17 3 28 mc 4 O 0 17 Int 104 plaster I m 0 0130 0 0500 0 1000 0 0500 0 0130 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Prim db Ext 221 2 67 3 0 0 17 4 32 concrete Int 42 Thick M 0 0060 0 0190 0 0500 0 1400 0 0040 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Prim db Ext 42 2 32 concrete 3 0 0 17 4 67 Int 221 Thick M 0 0040 0 1400 0 0500 0 0190 0 0060 Standardised U value Details of opaque composite Layer Prim db Ext 43 2 281 Quilt ESP r course notes version 11 7
51. encies in surface boundaries Go Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt gt c composition gt gt Zones Composition gt d surface connections amp boundary gt gt S select Yes from menu options c to i Run form the same menu p edit individual connections or r check via vertex contiguity or to check all or some contiguities Update the surface connections file and accept the default name ac cnn Select the zones to be checked from the menu One by one all the surfaces according to our previous selection will be checked When an inconsistency is found you will be asked to define the boundary Also when no geometric match is found e g External surfaces you will be asked to confirm the type Save the new topology and exit the Surface Connections amp Boundary In the Model Management or ithe Browse Edit Simulate menu confirm the update of the new configuration to the system file ac cfg ESP r course notes version 11 7 16 62 7 OPERATION mandatory This module deals with the internal gains inside a zone These can be occupants lights or equipment It provides schedules for the different casual gains on weekdays saturday and Sunday periods on hourly intervals This module also deals with air flows infiltration and or ventilation rates on the basis of ACH air changes per hour or cubic meters per second defined by the user It provides schedules for both infiltration and ventilation on simi
52. enus such as zones model geometry and constructions definition networks and controls It will also be the interface for actions such as the simulationrunand the result analysis ESP r course notes version 11 7 8 62 5 MODEL GEOMETRY mandatory NOTES Try to reduce the number of zones to a minimum Avoid detailed definitions The coordinate system X Y Z refers to the east north and up directions respectively lt is easier to create the geometry of the zones on a regular grid orientated to the axis Later individual zones or the whole model can be rotated and transformed to the real position The position of the zones in regards to the origin have no importance if no shading analysis is to be made because the program recognises the interconnections between the spaces irrespective to its origin positioning This means that all the zones can be located at origin as long as they are well orientated In order to facilitate future recognition of a specific zone try to be consistent in the names attributed to the zones e g zones on the 1 floor could be named 211 z12 on the second floor z21 z22 and so one Names should be maximum 12 characters long and without spaces and commas The next step should be to create the geometry of the zones defining the model See Fig 7 Project two storey flat with simple heating and cooling system Figure 7 Model frame of geometry Select Model Management gt m brows
53. es a surface name zOexts P Insert rectangular surface see help b surface type OPAQUE within surface O at base c surface location VERT O percentage of parent surface continue surface area m 2 18 000 RE a azim amp elevation 180 00 0 00 J Help 0K X Cancel perimeter length 18 000 d surface indentation 0 0000 e construction extern wall f environment EXTERIOR childof use type NA use subtype NA add PPS help exit to zone description Figure 14 opening geometry menu and options If insertion is within the surface you will be prompted for an X Z offset from the lower corner when viewed from the outside a width and height The opening width and height are in metres See fig 15 The X offset is the distance from the lower left comer of the parent surface looking at the outside face to the left side of the new surface The Z offset is the distance from the bottom edge of the parent surface looking at the outside face to the bottom of the new surtace The opening width and height are in metres Text request x Insert X offset Z offset Width Height see help 1 000 1 4 1 000 Use default 10K 28 Cancel Figure 15 coordinates of the window surface If insertion is at base of the surface you will be asked for a X offset from the left lower corner of the surface when viewed from the outside a width and
54. etry gt f surface attributes gt gt Surfaces in z0 gt select surface gt gt Surface Attributes gt e construction by selecting a composite pre defined in the construction database See fig 19 composites a extern_wall OPAQ OPAQUE View thermo physical properties of zO_ext_s binsul_mtlp OPAQ OPAQUE O yes no cintern_wall OPAQ OPAQUE d partition OPAQ OPAQUE e door OPAQ OPAQUE fint_doors OPAQ OPAQUE gmass_ part OPAQ OPAQUE hint part OPAQ OPAQUE id giz TRAN DCF7671_06nb jdbl_glz TRAN DCF7671 06nb k roof_1 OPAQ OPAQUE roof OPAQ OPAQUE m roof_2 OPAQ OPAQUE n gmd floor OPAQ OPAQUE o floor 1 OPAQ OPAQUE p entry floor OPAQ OPAQUE q susp ceil OPAQ OPAQUE rsusp floor OPAQ OPAQUE s susp flr re OPAQ OPAQUE Help default no OK Cancel Figure 19 thermo physical properties od surfaces However to create the con file for the zone the constructions should be accessed at least once under Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt C composition gt gt Zones Composition gt b construction materials gt gt Zone constructions and selecting a zone See fig 20 ESP r course notes version 11 7 15 62 Zone Constructions ia z0 not found z0 con not found Options respecify create using this name Hel OK Cancel update all zones an non linear properties help exit this menu Figure 20 Mandatory construction file You will be prompted for the nam
55. fy the existing vertices to create the zone enclosure bitmap define the points of the zone by clicking on a image The plan of the model should have been scanned and saved in a XBM file format and kept on the cfg folder of the project Text request Text request Origin X Y Z Rectangle length width and height 0 000 0 000 0 000 643 T Help use default lt 20k X cancel T Help use defaut Figure 10 input dimension of zone After creating your first zone the wireframe similar to the one in fig 11 should appear on the screen Project two storey flat with simple heating and cooling sistem Figure 11 zone ZO wireframe Although the program saves the definitions created it is a good approach to save the model regularly In this menu save by selecting Zone 1 Geometry gt gt save To create the second zone select exit this menu to return to the menu one level above Zone Geometry Attribution and add delete copy If you decide to add a new zone follow the procedure previous explained lf you decide to copy and existing zone after giving a new name you will be asked to transform and or rotate the new zone You may want to wait a little until the model includes further details such as windows or composition of surfaces before copying it lf you decide to delete a zone select the zone in question and answer the questions listed fig 12 x System zone based controls should also be updated Is one as
56. her side ESP r course notes version 11 7 53 62 WO CON OAUBWN FH mme mere NN N OO OOO O0 O 00 ALL surfaces will receive diffuse insolation 180 90 80 0 270 0 00 180 360 360 I WO WO OO Oo OO OOOOO grd south grd west gnd north grd east gnd cel grd foor S wl grn n wl grd n w2 Description nil operations Control Lower range data Middle range data High range data Infil infil amp vent Lower Middle High temp setpoints ac h m 3 s 0 500 0 0045 0 500 0 0045 0 500 0 0045 zone T OPAQ VERT OPAQ VERT OPAQ VERT OPAQ VERT OPAQ CEIL OPAQ FLOR TRAN VERT TRAN VERT TRAN VERT extern wall extern wall extern wall extern wall ceiling grnd floor d glz d glz d glz 20 00 26 00 100 00 0 000 2 000 5 000 Number of Weekday Sat Sun air change periods Description Day Gain Type No labl Wkd 1 OccuptW nil operations Number of Weekday Sat Sun casual gains Period Sensible Latent Hours 9 18 Wkd 2 LightsWm2 16 18 Magn W 95 0 10 0 Vent ac h m 3 s 0 0000 0 0180 0 0450 0 0 0 2 0 0 Radiant Magn W Frac 45 0 0 20 0 0 0 60 Zone 1st 2 is composed of 9 surfaces and 20 vertices It encloses a volume of 32 40m 3 of space with a total surface area of 61 80m 2 amp approx floor area of 12 00m 2 Ist floor air conditioning There 1s 49 80m2 of exposed surface area 37 80m2 of which is vertical Outside walls are 281 7 of f
57. id Type Height Datal Data2 a zo air internal 1 50 0 0 72 0 azo air internal 1 50 0 0 72 0 b ext_n air bound windP 1 50 1 0 0 0 cext_s air boundwindP 1 50 10 180 0 add delete copy node Help Exit Figure 41 Network flow nodes ESP r course notes Version 11 7 32 62 Then define the Components Fluid Flow network gt d components add a component Component name win _crk_s window crack south Component type amp description gt 120 Specific air flow crack Specific air flow crack Synopsis of this component type Yes NOTE Supplemental data 1 fluid type air only 2 crack width mm 3 crack length m Crack width mm and length m 5 2 See fig 42 Text request EEN Select option or continue Add Delete Copy Continue Help ox X cancel 50 Laminar pipe vol flow rate comp m rho f L R mu dP Component name lt 12 characters T Help use default Bok I Cance Text request k 110 Specific air flow opening m rho f A dP Crack width mm and length m help for synopsis 120 Specific air flow crack m rho f W L dP 4 31 m 130 Specific air flow door m rho f W H dP T Help Ferrer 9 cancel n 210 General flow conduit component m rho f D A L k SCi Figure 42 Network flow component window crack Add a second one similar for the window crack on the north facade but with a different area S
58. ill be add to the previous graph To clear all variables select Clear all selections to clear some variables previous included select q Edit selections and disactivate the variables to be removed and draw graph 10 DATABASE MODIFICATIONS As previously explained ESP r contains databases of materials constr db1 and layered constructions multicon db1 that can be used for defining the thermo physical proprieties of the model surfaces However these databases can not be modified by you To add materials or modify create new constructions you will have to make a copy of the database file and save it in your home directory For modifying either materials or constructions go to the menu Model Management gt b database maintenance gt Database Maintenance select the database e g e constructions gt Constructions db gt d copy of db The new construction database will be renamed default name of project and located in the dbs or in the ESP r course notes version 11 7 22 62 unique directory of your project Now you can edit the new database or access it later by selecting it from the Databases menu Under this menu you can now notice a change in the path of the database All the others that maintain the default path usr esru esp r databases can only be read but not written to Even if you think you have made modifications to them they retain the original content When you edit the constructions database you will be able to browse or
59. ing capacity It will start at the same time defined for the occupancy See fig 32 Control periods function 1 day type 1 number of periods 4 per start sensed actuated control law data no time property property a 1 0 00 dbtemp gt flux free floating b 2 8 00 db temp gt flux basic control 1000 0 c 3 9 00 db temp gt flux basic control 1000 0 d 418 00 db temp gt flux free floating add delete a period help exit Figure 32 y type at start time periods for the control ESP r course notes version 11 7 25 62 A simple control can be selected under control law gt a basic controller for heating and cooling with start times maximum heating and cooling capacity minimum heating and cooling capacity and heating and cooling setpoints as shown in fig 33 Set a maximum heating and cooling capacity of 2000 W each and a minimum of O Zone control period data Loop 1 day Weekday period 3 Sensed amp actuated property is dbtemp gt flux 1 Starting at 9 000 2 Law basic control a Choose parameter to edit b Maximum heating capacity W 1000 0 c Minimum heating capacity W 0 0 d Maximum cooling capacity W 0 0 e Minimum cooling capacity W 0 0 f Heating setpoint C 20 000 g Cooling setpoint C 100 000 h Figure 33 zone heating and cooling temperature control start at 9am The following definition is regarding the heating and cooling setpoints If no cooling i
60. l for the air flow simulating the opening of the windows Generation analysis and storage of results ESP r course notes version 11 7 3 62 2 INTRODUCTION ESP r is a transient energy simulation program that allows modelling the energy and fluid flows within a combined building and plant system Since it is one of the most powerful dynamic thermal simulation tools tts operation is non trivial However ESP r is one of the best validated packages of its kind so the results very accurately reflect the real building environment provided the input is well defined The aim of this 3 days course is to provide you with a basic knowledge of the ESP r software to perform a building energy analysis In order to use the software professionally further studies will be necessary Before attempting to start working with the program you need to define your objectives and criteria as well as the expected results There are several rules that should be followed Spend some time and think what you are trying to do before initiating with the software Plan in advance what you expect to achieve and what is the best model or tool to reach your aims Try to simplify the input of the project This means a careful choice should be made to the definition of the model The more complex the input the likelihood the chances of errors for beginners and time consuming that with probably add no significant changes in the results Test first on a small scale befo
61. lar scheme to the ones defined for the casual gains Also it allows the air flow to be thermostatically controlled with 3 set points When you select the operations menu for the first time operations undefined you may provide initial casual gain period start times That applies for each day type weekday saturday and sunday and for each casual gain type occupancy lights and small power You still have to define the potency correspondent to the previously defined periods Alternatively ignore the period start times and insert manually periods gains and fraction distribution NOTE Air flows are defined via one or more sequential periods the magnitude at a given time being the flow specified a period that includes that time In cases where ventilation will occur with more than one modelled zone then a fluid flow network or temporal definition file should be employed Note that large changes in flow rates between periods can result in unacceptable interpolation errors The add delete copy import option are as follows add adds a period to one or all day types BE SURE to read the extended help messages in this dialogue to understand how to use the add function to insert a period into a profile delete deletes one or more periods within a list of all periods in all days copy copies Weekdays to Saturdays or Weekdays gt Sundays or Saturdays gt Sundays import copies infiltration ventilation and control or a s
62. larke Energy Simulation in Building Design Butterworth Heinemann Oxford et alibi 2 edition 2001 Jon Wiliam Hand The ESP r Cookbook Strategies for Deploying virtual Representations of the Build Environment Energy Systems Research Unit Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow UK 4 Set 2008 University of Strathclyde Energy Systems Research Unit ESRU Manual U00 1 The ESP r System for Building Energy Simulation User Guide Version 9 Series Glasgow October 2000 University of Strathclyde Energy Systems Research Unit ESRU report Data Model Summary ESP r Version 9 series Glasgow December 2001 Consult the site www esru strath ac uk for tutorials user manual glossary and to browse the models provided LEARNIX is a LINUX distribution that runs entirely off the CD ROM without the need to install into the hard disk Data can be saved to a USB storage device or to an existing DOS partition LEARNIX has been customised to include the building simulation that is taught in the LEARN MSc courses namely ESP r and RADIANCE You can download your copy from the following address http luminance londonmet ac uk learnix You will also find links to other documents which might be of interest to you and tells you how to get help using LEARNIX ESP r course notes version 11 7 42 62 MATERIALS DATABASE ESP r version series 10 3 Primitive Identification 1 Brick Paviour brick Breeze block Inner leaf
63. lculate pressure coefficients using CpCalc see database maintenance Select the zone containing the surface No previous zone defined z0 Select the surface subjected to the wind pressure z0O_ext_n Select the pressure coefficient set which best matches this surface see help u 2 1 semi exposed short wall Select the pressure coefficient from the list which is most appropriate for the location of the external node Use 2 1 semi exposed short wall as the pressure coefficient set Les Surface azimuth angle degrees clockwise from north 0 Node reference height above datum m 1 5 See fig 40 Surfaces Use 1 1 exposed wall as the pressure coefficient set yes O no ee Ti Help default yes 0K X Cancel Real number request Real number request Surface azimuth angle degrees clockwise from north _ _ Node reference height above datum m 1 500 3 H Help Use default 2 Cancel T Help Use default I Ji z0 win_n2 Figure 40 Node external wind induced referenced to a surface in the model NOTE The height is used to support buoyancy calculations Height is defined as the height above some arbitrary datum usually ground level height 0 0m Repeat the process for the external node on the south side See fig 41 Don t forget to go Fluid Flow network gt g Link nodes and zones Nodes Name Flu
64. ler as before but change the cooling temperature setpoint to 100 C Do not forget before leaving the Controls menuto gt save control data Control file Change the name of the control to nv ctl Instead of ctl ac ctl type wy CELIAN wee Exit the controls and save the model to update the configuration file You may want to change the Surface connections file name to nv cnn to have the new nv model with all the files associated to this name Later when you are more familiar with the program you may copy the configuration file to a new file and just change the files that you modify Previously you have created and infiltration and ventilation imposed by a user defined ACH Now you will define a mass fluid flow which is governed by a flow network That means that instead of a volume change defined you will address external and internal conditions and the opening where the fluid air passes due to differences of temperature and pressure Your network will consist of nodes components and connections governed by a control law that defines the conditions to the strategy imposed You will then have to define two types of nodes external defined by an height above ground an azimuth clockwise from north a boundary and pressure characteristic internal defined by an height above ground a temperature condition and an association with a zone Each floor is recommended to have a minimum of 3 nodes two external and one internal Don
65. loor area amp avg U of 0 000 amp UA of 0 00 Flat roof is 100 0 of floor area amp avg U of 0 332 amp UA of 3 985 Glazing 1s 33 33 of floor amp 10 58 facade with avg U of 2 749 amp UA of 11 00 A summary of the surfaces in 1st 2 follows Sur Area m 2 1 8 80 180 2 8 10 90 3 8 80 0 4 8 10 270 5 12 00 6 12 00 7 2 00 180 8 1 00 9 1 00 ALL surfaces will receive diffuse insolation 0 0 0 0 0 90 90 0 0 0 Azim Elev surface deg deg name grd south grd west gnd_north grd east gnd cei grd foor S wl grn n w1 grd n w2 Description nil operations ESP r course notes version 11 7 geometry type loc OPAQ VERT OPAQ VERT OPAQ VERT OPAQ VERT OPAQ CEIL OPAQ FLOR TRAN VERT TRAN VERT TRAN VERT AKNAKNANAARA from 0 0 0 Conve Frac 0 0 external external external external external ground profile 1 external external external C 80 40 construction environment name extern wall extern wall extern wall extern wall ceiling grnd floor d glz d glz d glz ot lt lt ANNAANANAAA her side external external external external external ground profile 1 external external external 54 62 Control no control of air flow Number of Weekday Sat Sun air change periods 0 0 0 Description nil operations Number of Weekday Sat Sun casual gains 0 0 0 Project floor area is 24 00m2 wall area is 67
66. mber request Period start time c range based for 30 35 40 110 130 d multi sensor on off e human behaviour algorithm ver 1 0 f proportional and integral default is option a help exit this menu 18 000 J Help Use default IL ex X Cancel lt Use default IL x X Cancel Real number request Period start time Real number request Period start time J Help Use default IL gx 2 Cancel Text request On Off setpoint action 1 on above setpoint 1 on below and fraction ON see help 100 00000 1 00000 0 00000 J Help Use default IL x X Cancel Text request On Off setpoint action 1 on above setpoint 1 on below and fraction ON see help 24 00000 1 00000 1 00000 J Help Use default gx X Cancel Text request On Off setpoint action 1 on above setpoint 1 on below and fraction ON see help 100 00000 1 00000 0 00000 J Help Use default gx X Cancel Figure 52 Control periods of window openings 1st is setpoint NOTE Number of items for on off controller 2 2 is action index 1 direct 1 inverse Where direct is ON above set point and inverse is ON below setpoint ESP r course notes version 11 7 37 62 Figure 53 Control to simulate periods when windows are open during weekdays Control periods function 1 day type 1 number of periods
67. oir abs 0 65 Soir abs 0 60 0 99 0 60 Soir abs 0 30 0 60 Soir abs 0 60 0 30 Soir abs 19200 Diffu resis 10 Diffu resis Diffu resis Diffu resis Diffu resis 0 00 IR m K W 0 47 R m K W 0 07 0 17 0 07 m K W 2 50 0 33 m K W 0 33 2 50 m K W Aluminium Descr Block inner 3 Descr Perlite air 0 17 0 17 Perlite Descr Glasswool Ceiling Descr Ceiling Glasswool Descr 51 62 Ext 141 0 0150 2 162 0 0050 Int 72 0 0120 Standardised U value U value assumes and ESP r course notes version 11 7 0 850 0 190 0 150 3 31 external wall with 1900 837 0 90 0 60 960 837 0 90 0 90 700 1420 0 90 0 65 Rso 0 055m 2deg C W Rsi 0 123m 2deg C W 92 15 576 0 02 0 03 0 08 Clay tile Roofing felt Plywood 52 62 ANNEX 3 cfg ac cfg project air conditioning building with 2 zones print date Fri Nov 19 03 11 07 2004 ID Zone Volume Surface Name m 3 No Opaque Transp Floor 1 grd 32 4 9 57 8 4 0 12 0 grd is a room on ground floor 2 lst 32 4 9 57 8 4 0 12 0 1st floor air conditioning all 65 18 116 8 24 Control description proj cntrl Zones control no descrip 1 functions The sensor for function 1 senses the temperature of the current zone The actuator for function 1 is air point of the current zone The function day types are Weekdays Saturda
68. onstruction which takes you to the Composite menu of the database and f environment which takes to the surface boundary of the surface In the menu Surfaces in z0 you may attribute many surface attributions namely composition and boundary condition For more details on these attributes see section 6 Don t forget to save under Zone 1 Geometry gt save to update the geo file Project two storey flat with simple heating and cooling sistem Surfaces in z0 Name Composition Facing az0 ext s extem wall EXTERIOR bz0 exte extern wall EXTERIOR cz0 extn extern wall EXTERIOR dz0 ext w extern wall EXTERIOR ez0 cei z1 ceiling UNKNOWN f z0 grd gmd floor GROUND attribute many Figure 13 zone ZO surface naming and attributes Note zo_cei_z1 zone O ceiling connecting to zone 1 stil has the boundary condition unknown as the second zone hasn t been created yet 5 1 Add a window to a surface Windows and doors are defined within the surface as a hole to be linked to a vertex of the surface Go to Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt domp sition gt gt Zones Composition gt a geometry amp attribution gt gt Zone Geometry Attribution gt select a zone gt gt Zone 1 Geometry gt f surface attributes gt gt Surfaces in z0 gt select surface gt gt Surface Attributes gt add glazing door opening See fig 14 ESP r course notes version 11 7 12 62 Surface Attribut
69. or each weekdays lighting period Text request Start time for each weekdays occupant period Use default OK Cancel Help Use default OK Cancel Figure 22 Operations file start times and periods For each day type add a period and define the respective gain in terms of sensible and latent gain and the radiative and convective fractions See fig 23 for occupancy gains Text request r Text request __ Object sensible and latent gain W Radiant amp convective fraction see help Gain to be specified as see help Watts Watts per square meter 100 30 0 500 0 500 Watts per object uare meters per object l o ore a 3 sh Help Use default OK Help Use default OK Cancel Help OK Cancel Figure 23 Occupancy gains Consider the following internal gains e Occupancy 2 occupants on the weekday period from 9 till 18 on a sedentary activity seated light work as 110 Wperson 1 of sensible gain and 30 Wperson 1 of latent gain with a 0 5 radiant and 0 5 convective fraction Lights fluorescent type as 4 Wm 2 of sensible with a 0 3 radiant and 0 7 convective portion for a weekday period between 16 and 18 Casual gains for z0 Total sensible_ ee Total latent Er a sensible ee Equipt latent Lights sensible _____ Lights latent Occupt sensible ____ Occupt latent weekdays saturday sunday 300 0 12 00 200 0 8 00 1
70. ounding surface lower left lower right 4 LA Help OK Cancel Help Use default OK Cancel Figure 18 opening geometry menu and options Don t forget to gt save the modifications to update the geo file and the con and or tmc files When exit the zone the program will apply for the changes and will create the new files ESP r course notes version 11 7 14 62 NOTE A maximum of 3 windows can be added to a surface to prevent the it from being too complex If the position of several windows aren t too significant create a reduced number with the same area If more than 3 windows are required divide the surface into as many surfaces as needed 6 CONSTRUCTIONS mandatory After having defined the zone geometry you need to attribute physical proprieties and surface boundaries Define the composition of surfaces construction of the wall select one from the default database see annex 1 and 2 the type of surface opaque transparent the selection will be made as default with the construction defined and the environment exterior dynamic boundary surface in another zone ground adiabatic condition The surface constructions can be defined under the menu Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt c composition gt gt Zones Composition gt a geometry amp actribu uCion Zone Geometry Attribution gt select a zone gt gt Zone 1 Geom
71. port from other zone yA Sue ox cancel a A a Help OK Cancel Use default OK Cancel Real number request Scheduled air flows for z0 Use default OK Cancel Infiltration Ventilation sunday weekdays saturday 1 00 0 02 0 80 0 02 0 60 0 01 0 40 0 008 0 20 0 004 0 00 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 15 0 Time hrs Figure 25 Air flow permanent infiltration rate Before exiting the Zone Operations gt Save air flow amp casual gains lf the operation file opr already exists carry on from Zone Operations gt select a zone gt Zone operations gt c edit schedule air flow gt Air flow in z0 or d edit casual gains gt Casual gains in z0 specifying different periods and corresponding gains Even if there are no casual gains or air flows the opr must be created Go Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt c composition gt Zones Composition gt c operational details gt Zone ESP r course notes version 11 7 20 62 Operations Selection gt select a zone gt Operations file options Zone operations gt h nothing happens in this zone After the definition of the operations the mandatory files are created and you will be able to run a simulation Before you run a simulation you should save your model under Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt Save model to make sure the last alterations are taken into consideration
72. re aiming at bigger or complex situations Sometimes a simple analysis might prevent time spending on a solution that does not obtain significant results Assign plenty of time to analyse the results and draw your conclusions 3 STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAM ESP r can be divided into three distinctive parts The first one is concerned with the establishment of a valid data model description of the building and or plant configuration for the simulation The second part is related to the simulation processing The third one with the results recovery and analysis All the parts are accessed via a Project Manager This interface also provides access to other program software and support applications such as RADIANCE modules tutorials databases or export facilities of the results ESP r is structured in different modules As soon as you start the program the software will create an unique folder or a a set of folders and descriptive files to be accessed later in the program Table 1 shows the default structure for a fictitious project duplex ESP r course notes version 11 7 4 62 Table 1 Folders structure folders type duplex project folder duplex cfg system files duplex ctl control files duplex zones zone files duplex nets networks duplex doc reports and notes duplex temp odds ends duplex dbs project databases ESP r will also apply different file types with extensions and redirect them to the defined folders See
73. ription Select the zones you wish to include in the flow network and a corresponding flow node will be generated with the same name this simple model The internal node of zone ZO is created It is localised as default in the middle of the space If you edit the internal node you will have to define node name keep the default zone name node type amp pressure internal unknown node describing a volume of air inside a zone where the pressure and temperature of node are unknown and is solved at each time step See fig 38 Node type amp pressure currently boundary amp wind induced jinternal unknown O internal known boundary known O continue boundary wind induced J Help 0K cancel Figure 38 Node type and pressure Associate the node with its zone confirm its volume and height in reference to the coordinate system of the building You will be asked the node temperature set initial or constant value to 20 degrees See fig 39 NOTE The initial temperature is the temperature assumed for the node at the beginning of the simulation If the flow network is part of a thermal model then this temperature is updated with calculated values as the simulation progresses Otherwise this value is fixed as the nodal temperature Real number request Node temperature see help Node temperature C Set to temperature of another flow node 20 000 lt 2 0K
74. s required set max power to 0 W and a cooling setpoint to an impracticable temperature ex 100 C With this you do not want to control the zone humidity See fig 34 Zone control period data Loop 1 day Weekday period 3 Sensed amp actuated property is dbtemp gt flux 1 Starting at 9 000 2 Law basic control a Choose parameter to edit b Maximum heating capacity W 1000 0 c Minimum heating capacity W 0 0 d Maximum cooling capacity W 0 0 e Minimum cooling capacity W 0 0 g Cooling setpoint C 100 000 RH control gt gt OFF 0 0 Shift to earlier or later period List details Figure 34 zone with heating and no cooling temperature control start at 9am The last period will be similar to the first one with a free float law Its start time coincides with the time when the occupants leave the space Before you leave the menu Controls you will have to link the control to the thermal zones Select d link loops to zones and attribute the loop number to one of the zones Leave the other without control 0 Don t forget to gt save control data ESP r course notes version 11 7 26 62 12 SIMULATION You have previously run a simulation with presets Now you will run it interactively to alter if desired the default presets and to monitor state variables e g Temperature Although the program does not create any specific directory to store the results it is a good practice to store the
75. schedules cancel 0K X cancel J Help Text request with option Flow network file Is the new network fall air EE De O all water O mixed J Help 0K X Cancel b Network title lt N A gt A J Help Flow network status No of nodes 0 c Nodes No of components 0 d Components ti Help dereference Use default 10K Cancel No of connections 0 e Connections ind radiictian fartar 1 AN Figure 37 Set up of the flow network NOTE The description of a flow network begins with the description of flow nodes A functioning network must have at least 3 nodes You can select the zones to be included in the network The program will then generate the internal nodes associated with those zones for you It also generate internal connections between the nodes in your network but you should define the linking components doors vents first REMEMBER to include boundary nodes in your network These are NOT auto generated at the moment Also remember to connect them into your network Fluid Flow Network gt c Nodes gt Do you want to auto generate flow nodes Yes You will be asked which zones to include in the fluid flow network Select just one z0 for ESP r course notes version 11 7 30 62 NOTE You now have the option of automatically generating flow nodes from the building desc
76. se files on a specific directory They are the biggest files created and you want to store them were you have enough disk space Remember that you will have to redirect the res file to that directory Alternatively you can set the path to it on Simulation controller gt h zone results ac res lf you run the simulation in silent mode the previous results will be overwritten by default The directory were the results are redirected by default will be the directory were you lauched the ESP r software in the command line of the bash shell On an interactively run you will be asked if you want to store previously run results If you decide to continue with the defaults the results will be forward to the cfg directory of the project The least confusing approach will be to launch a model already defined under the directory cfg as said before Go Model Management gt gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt q simulation gt Simulation controller gt p integrated simulation gt Simulation interaction options run interactively You will be prompted for the system configuration file the simulation start up period and the climate file Under ESP r integrated simulator gt c initiate simulation You will be prompted for the results library name and to whether preserver or not previous results Then for the simulation period and time steps Under SIMUL gt m Monitor state variables ESP r Integrated Simulator enquiries to esru
77. sociated with the model O yes Help default no 0K X Cancel As at this point no controls have been defined yet Pe Text request x In addition to de referencing this zone do you also wish to delete the descriptive files Updated configuration file ac cfg weenceenene y Help ha ino ok Cancel J Help Use default 0K X Cancel aaa awoon eBo cee sine sect ae moe Figure 12 delete zone links and update configuration file ESP r course notes version 11 7 11 62 As you might have noticed the program creates default surface names for the zone enclosure The rule is the first vertical surface anticlockwise from origin is Wall 1 Wall 2 3 and 4 are the following walls in a anticlockwise direction The top horizontal plane is Top 5 and the ground floor Base 6 To change these to names which are more easily recognised go under Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt C composition gt gt Zones Composition gt a geometry amp attribution gt gt Zone Geometry Attribution and select a zone In the menu Zone 1 Geometry select f surface attributes gt gt Surfaces in z0 gt a Wall 1 Under the menu Surface Attributes gt a surface name change the name e g ZO ext s as surface in zone ZO being exterior and facing south Do the same for the remaining surfaces See fig 13 In this menu you may also define the construction of this surface by selecting e c
78. the descriptive and results files will be forward to See fig 3 As your model is relatively simple you can select a single directory For a multiple structure please refer to table 1 Text request with option __ Model root re Create model in see help O standard set of folders bel DE cancel ere a Figure 3 Windows defining root name and directory structure single folder As default the root name will be used for the following files created with the appropriated extension Do provide a simple description of the project to remember on a later occasion see fig 4 Text request Model description two storey fi flat with simple heating cooling system H Help use default 3x ree Figure 4 model description A file called ac log will be created you may want to use it as your note book Other questions will be asked see fig 5 as well as general parameters related to the building as site latitude degrees positive north of equator and longitude difference degrees positive east of the time meridian of the place Associate era now Buelp aC Poe 8 cancel Figure 5 Question with the association of images Examples of longitude difference are 4 1 for Glasgow relative to Greenwich and 2 for NY relative to 75 standard meridian without daylight savings However they can be changed ESP r course notes version 11 7 7
79. ubset of these data from another zone When importing you can specify whether to a preserve the ac h being imported e g 1 5 ac h in the source zone is 1 5 ac h in the destination zone b preserve the volume of air implied by the ac h in the source zone e g 1 5 ac hin a 50m 3 source zone becomes 1 07 ac h in a 70m 3 destination zone To define the operations related to the internal gains and airflow of a zone select Model Management gt m browse eqdit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt C ESP r course notes Version 11 7 17 62 composition gt Operations Selection gt select a zone If the file opr is still not found See fig 21 Zone Operations Selection azo undefined global tasks help exit this menu Text request with option Zone operations file options browse Use default OK Cancel Zones Composition gt c operational details gt Zone Operations File Options a define from scratch bairflow lt another zone c casual gains lt another zone d air amp gains lt another zone eairflow lt from pattern f casual gains lt from pattern gair amp gains lt from pattem h nothing happens in the zone cancel help Figure 21 Operations file NOTE New operations for this zone Please check your notes and provide initial casual gain period start times for each day type Weekday Saturday Sunday etc and for each casual gain
80. ution as in fig 29 Rebuild the construction files to update any changes made in the materials and construction Databases ESP r course notes version 11 7 23 62 Site changes may require shading adjustments Options recalculate silent O recalculate interactive cancel Help 0K X cancel Figure 29 Updating shading to reflect site changes 11 A SIMPLE HEATING COOLING CONTROL ESP r is a general simulation tool which may be used to address a broad range of thermal performance questions The most common problem type involves the prediction of flux movements comfort and or energy demands within the fabric of buildings Many such problems are adequately represented via ideal control systems and imposed air movement regimes You will now create a simple control loop and connect it to a zone of the model For each day type weekday 1 Saturday 2 and Sunday 3 a number of control periods will be defined The control will be set to sense the zone air drybulb temperature For the periods without occupancy the control will be free float For the remaining periods the control will be activated when the drybulb temperature drops below or exceeds the defined heating and or cooling setpoint Select Model Management gt m browse edit simulate gt gt Browse Edit Simulate gt under Controls select j zones If there is currently no control associated with the model create one The file will be lo
81. valid Sat 1 Jan Sun 31 Dec 1 No of periods in day 1 0 0 000 ctl type dry bulb gt flow law on off start 2 No of data items 0 000 1 000 and will be always OFF on saturday and sundays ZO int ext_south win_open ZO int ZO int ext_ north win open ZO int Make sure this last two lines are set correctly ZO_ int connects to ext_south via win _ open ZO_ int connects to ext_north via win _ open ESP r course notes Version 11 7 62 62
82. ys amp Sundays Weekday control is valid Sat 1 Jan to Sun 31 Dec 2000 with 4 periods Per Start Sensing Actuating Control law Data 1 0 00 db temp gt flux free floating 2 8 00 db temp gt flux basic control 2000 0 0 0 2000 0 0 0 20 0 25 0 0 0 3 9 00 db temp gt flux basic control 3000 0 0 0 3000 0 0 0 20 0 25 0 0 0 4 18 00 db temp gt flux free floating Saturday control is valid Sat 1 Jan to Sun 31 Dec 2000 with 1 periods Per Start Sensing Actuating Control law Data 1 0 00 db temp gt flux free floating Sunday control is valid Sat 1 Jan to Sun 31 Dec 2000 with 1 periods Per Start Sensing Actuating Control law Data 1 0 00 db temp gt flux free floating Zone to contol loop linkages zone 1 grd lt lt control 1 zone 2 lst lt lt control 0 Zone grd 1 is composed of 9 surfaces and 20 vertices It encloses a volume of 32 40m 3 of space with a total surface area of 61 80m 2 amp approx floor area of 12 00m 2 grd is a room on ground floor There is 49 80m2 of exposed surface area 37 80m2 of which is vertical Outside walls are 281 7 of floor area amp avg U of 0 000 amp UA of 0 00 Flat roof is 100 0 of floor area amp avg U of 0 332 amp UA of 3 985 Glazing 1s 33 33 of floor amp 10 58 facade with avg U of 2 749 amp UA of 11 00 A summary of the surfaces in grd 1 follows Sur Area Azim Elev surface geometry construction environment m 2 deg deg name type loc name ot

ESP-r course notes (version 11.7)

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