EVASPA.v01 USER MANUAL
Contents
1. Er Regarder dans rr ET d EI Bureau A Rn Bn day T Nom Modifi le Type ES pr IEEUUINEMTIH UEM EID UU M M WI ES TUTMMEMU UM UNIT MI TT TU PISTE TRIS UTINAM MORI TIUI T Ee ET Lef mm Lem 1 alb 0 ndoid fc 1 31 08 2012 1737 Dossier i GE A ET 1 ef 1 rn 1 em 1 alb 0 ndvi 1 fc 0 20 08 2012 17 53 Dossier de ET 1 amp f 1 rn 1 em 1 alb 1 ndvi D fc 0 20 08 2012 17 54 Dossier Modifi le Cumulated 20 08 2012 17 55 di Interpolated 17708 2012 20 27 ProgramFiles 20 08 2012 17 56 ET 2011002 23 08 2012 12 19 ET 2011003 17 08 2012 19 10 T ET 2011008 17 08 2012 19 10 ET 2011010 17 08 2012 19 10 ET 2011013 17 08 2012 19 11 E ET 2011015 17 08 2012 19 11 ET 2011018 17 08 2012 19 12 FE ET 2011020 17 08 2012 19 12 ET 2011022 17 08 2012 19 12 B ET 2011024 SE 19 15 4 n Nom dufichier R e Types de fichiers MAT iles mat Eh 1453535 8 Ee IBEHHH LANT Fig 22 Selection of flux map to be displayed Page 18 f E X v2 RO eI ASIA AAA A ACA 900009044 5ooooc SS EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL UMR 1114 INR Environnement M diterran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes gl EVASPA vo mmm mmm Import Images New Study Area Surface Fluxes wo EE ges images a ET 2011M06 a XJ Study Area 1 Without mask CURRENT STUDY AREA StudyArea 1 Comments Crau Camargue area TERRA Availab2. BI Figure 2 Figure File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help Qdidse 5 S909 su ndis kh AAV9RA A 08 Line 42 Col 72 ET 1 ef 1 m Line 42 Col 72 ET 1 ef 1 rn 1 em 8 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help OS RAR TO A4 Q gg et BOXPLOT variability of monthly ET among 42 versions 150 7 6 E i 100 S Pi t g 100 E E d Z 80 ii 3 60 ES Im N A5 eo N CH 0 0 Dec 10 Apr 11 Jul 1 Dec 10 Feb 11 Apr 11 May 11 Jul 11 Fig 27 Graphs produced in the point profile display option Page 23 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL n DAES RAR DPI PP E Due mon ise Dee yyw AREY RO UMR 1114 INR APV Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes 4 3 4 Compare with MOD16 Evapotranspiration maps and point profiles can be compared against the MOD16 global evapotranspiration product on monthly and yearly scale For the comparison with MOD16 images computed fluxes and MOD16 data need to available for the selected study area for the same period check availability in the info box SURFACE FLUXES Whole Study Area This option displays the graphs Fig 28 of cumulated Monthly or Yearly ET maps of a certain version the map of MOD16 for the same month year the difference ET EVASPA ET MOD16 and the density scatter plot ET EVASPA vs ET MOD16 includes
3. EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Contributing Authors Gallego Elvira B Olioso A Mira M Castillo S Lecerf R Weiss M Courault D SIRRI M E D SUS TAINSABLE USE OF IRRIGATION WATER IN THE MEDIT ERR ANEAN RE GIGN cnes CENTRE NATIONAL D TUDES SPATIALES ARECES Ee SEVENTH FAEERE PROGRAMME MARI KKK RP ES EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 Za PACA TION cE 2 SN SNB c 3 2289800 3 SNNT SP 3 SNAP c 4 Be WICC O ROO IC OA A E Tm 4 zx wp Elevation MOd MDENTE NN m emm 4 4 MENU DESCRIPTION NM E 5 TL lee gn EE 5 42 New SU AN E 8 42 1 Select Imported DATABASES a da a ana tex a ee D n rand ed te ns 8 CO tran 10 um SMeeusdu icogjDrm c wwww 9 X 13 4 3 SUA SHE UK ES EEE 14 4 RR Select Study a become ne aeons 14 iN e COMP Ul E 16 E eo ee de ee 17 ASA Compare wit MODI nsns a a a eo ue 24 me iue miedo ievppm 26 S L ET The DDIHIE SIE OE TIT ee a Mna a ce er ee 26 5 2 Calculat
4. 209007 E E EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL AAA AR AA COL 56oooc 6 2 NDVI and Fc MYD13A2 AQUA and MOD13A2 TERRA provide NDVI data Global MYD13A2 data or MOD13A2 are provided every 16 days at 1 kilometer spatial resolution The production is phased between TERRA and AQUA acquisitions with Terra beginning on Day 001 and Aqua beginning on Day 008 Phased production for improved temporal frequency is considered in EVASPA 8 days temporal resolution combining TERRA and AQUA products The fraction cover is derived from NDVI values using the formula proposed by Carlson and Ripley 1997 6 3 Albedo The products MCD43B1 MCD43B2 and MCD43B3 provide the information to calculate albedo and assess the quality of the data 6 4 LAI LAI is provided by level 4 combined TERRA and AQUA MCD1543 product composited every 4 days at 1 kilometer resolution This product is available since 03 07 2002 For earlier dates only TERRA images MOD15A2 is used is instead which provides 8 day LAI data 6 5 Water mask When using the S SEBI and triangle methods the open water surfaces are commonly masked The land water mask provided by MODIS MOD44W is used to filter water surfaces before computing Evaporative Fraction The water bodies evaporation can be estimated with aerodynamic equations from the water surface temperature McJannet et al 2012 EVASPA vO2 will prodides open water evaporation estimates 6 6 Slope mask Ther
5. vs NDVI or Fc has a triangle shape whose boundaries are interpreted as limiting surface fluxes the upper limit being the dry edge and the lower limit being the wet edge Fig 32 Page 26 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL UMR 1114 INR Environnement M diterran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes Surface temperature Evaporation controlled Os Surface albedo Fig 31 Theoretically schematic relationship between surface temperature and albedo in the S SEBI model Source Li et al 2009 satellite Max Transpiration Min Transpiration Tair VI Window Vegetation Index p RE ano i at i wee E ef l Nx Max Evap ration Min Evaporation gt am em id defe gt S I we 1 elen zm 7 _ ln LI U l Surface Temperature T T min max L Fig 32 Summary of the key descriptors and physical interpretations of the surface temperature vegetation index triangular space or scatterplot Source Petropoulos et al 2009 Page 27 EOS Ka S EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL The mapping algorithm is designed to include several methods for deriving the basic inputs used to compute ET such as evaporative fraction EF G Rn In this way several estimates of ET can be provided depending on the assumptions made on the reliability of the inputs This provides in a way an assessment of the level of uncertainties in the derivation of E
6. 11 May 11 Jul 11 Sep 11 Oct 11 Dec 11 EI Figure 3 F Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help DSL ANXTOR A m BOXPLOT variability of monthly EVASPA ET among 40 versions hp to g ds ET month mm month Fig 29 Display of point profile comparison with MOD16 Page 25 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL 5 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 5 1 ET mapping algorithm The following figure shows the flow diagram of the algorithm for mapping ET from MODIS MODIS PRODUCTS TERRA AQUA mm MCD43B1 4 23 mep1sa3 NET waan MODLAT Mopaaw ropozo Radiation MYD13A2 MCD43B3 MYD11A1 Flux Quality Control Cm dC me Jn me H j 1 i m Il ER Reess d Cl ER mu 1 Evaporative LE Fraction gt Daily ET Fig 30 Algorithm for mapping ET from MODIS data Algorithms of EVASPA are based on the S SEBI method Roerink et al 2000 and the triangle approach Carlson 2007 S SEBI is a simplified method derived from SEBI which consists of determining a reflectance dependent maximum respectively minimum temperature for dry respectively wet conditions Fig 31 Carlson 2007 gives a good overview of the triangle method for estimating ET The method is based on the physically meaningful relationship between the evaporative fraction and the combination of the remotely sensed surface temperature T and NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index or Fc Fraction Cover The scatter plot T
7. 2 New Study Area Each MODIS tile covers an area of 1100 km x 1100 km Image Dimensions 1200 rows x 1200 columns Spatial Resolution 0 926 km Within the tile several areas of interest study areas can be cropped out for calculations The study area requirements for optimal algorithm performance are described in section 5 7 4 2 1 Select Imported Database The first step to create a new study area is to select the imported Database of a certain tile hH v Page 8 RO MK KKK SESS COOK EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Fou t uen lerran en el Mod lisation des SH ydo syst me Select Input Data directory Ex DataBase_h10v05 4 EVASPA MODIS DataBase h16v06 DataBase h17v03 DataBase h17v05 DataBase h18v04 Fig 7 Selection of imported Data Base to create new study areas When an imported Database is selected the main window of the program will display the name and source of images Ex MODIS Landsat etc in the CURRENT DATABASE info and it will show the overview of the selected tile Fig 8 Note The size of the DataBase h v folder for a full year is about 10 Go El EVASPA voi Import Images New Study rea Surface Fluxes INFQQ eee umm am i STUDY AREA SURFACE FLUXES SAVING OPTIONS Fig 8 Information showed in the
8. 4 EVASPA MODIS 4 DataBase h18v04 d DATA J StudyArea 3 d StudyArea 122 Dossier StudyArea 3 Cr er un nouveau dossier gg cvaspA voi e e Import Images New Study Area Surface Fluxes INFO CURRENT DATABASE DataBase h18v04 MODIS images D CURRENT STUDY AREA Tile Overview StudyArea 3 Comments Area including station 3 TERRA Available images 11 From 2009170 To 2009180 Average View Time 10 54 AQUA Available images 11 From 2009170 To Average View Time 13 00 SURFACE FLUXES a XJ Study Area 3 The MeteoD ata have been extracted 2009180 Fig 18 Main window display after importing meteo data 4 3 Surface Fluxes Computation display and comparison with MOD16 of surface fluxes 4 3 1 Select Study Area The first step to compute or display fluxes is to select a Study Area All Study Areas extracted from the tile h v are stored in the folder EVASPA MODIS subfolder DataBase_ h v Page 14 Se ROY EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL X NNN Sc KE gt gt gt Rechercher un dossier Select Study Area Folder Ex StudyArea_1 4 EVASPA_MODIS 4 DataBase h18v04 gt j DATA n StudyArea 1 A StudyArea 2 A StudyArea_3 A StudyArea_4 A StudyArea 5 II StudyArea_1 Fig 19 Selection of Study Area for computation or display of surface fluxes When a stu
9. EF2 Full version of Tang et al 2010 EF3 The edges are horizontal lines equal to the maximun and minimun surface temperature observed in the image EF4 Algorithm provided by J A Sobrino of the Unit Global Change University of Valencia Sobrino et al 2005 EF5 The wet evaporation control edged is set to the minimun surface temperature observed in the image horizontal line and the dry radiation control edge is a 3 degree polynomial EF6 Same as EF5 but with a filter of outliers EF7 Tang et al 2010 with a prefiltering of outliers Page 29 SSS Cen EE E S Pro EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL 5 6 Interpolation of daily ET For days with no data acquisition or presence of clouds ET is interpolated ET is reconstructed from a linear interpolation of the ratio ET R between the discrete satellite ET estimates available for clear days Delogu et al 2012 Lagouarde et 2010 One of the main targets for next EVASPA version is to improve the ET interpolation since the main application of the tool is to provide continuous information on daily ET 5 7 Selection of Study Areas The assumptions made by the ET algorithms implemented in EVASPA vO1 require large and heterogeneous study areas since the spatial variability is used to determine dry surfaces and wet surfaces In the triangle method the interpretation of the T NDVI or T Fc space implies that within each vegetation type the observed surface te
10. Time 12 54 MeteoData File RadiationDataCSV PV 2011 Data From 2011001 To 2011365 SURFACE FLUXES COMPUTED FLUXES Slope Mask Water Mask TERRA computed fluxes availability Days 182 From 2011002 To 2011365 Interpolated ET values Days 365 From 2011001 To 2011365 MOD16 Months 12 From 2011MO1 To 2011M12 Years 1 From 2011 To 2011 Fig 20 Main Window after Study Area selection 4 3 2 Compute By default the program will compute and save the following outputs Daily values Evapotranspiration ET mm day Evaporative Fraction EF dimensionless Net radiation R W m7 Evapotranspiration statistics ET Stats Mean Mode Maximum Minimum Range and Standard Deviation SD of all computed versions of ET Instantaneous values Latent heat flux LE W m Ground heat flux G W m Net radiation R W m7 Evapotranspiration cumulated values Year Cumulated evapotranspiration per year Month Cumulated evapotranspiration per month Page 16 Oe Se E S vs EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL MR 1114 INI APY Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyslames Before computing the fluxes a window will pop up to select the Saving Options Fig 21 The user can choose which outputs will be saved The outputs of the flux computation will be stored in EVASPA MODIS SurfaceFluxes h v Satellite_Name StudyArea_
11. max E Rows and Columns for cropping imag 4 _ ll el 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Fig 13 Cropping study area by inserting rows and columns limits Exiting Study Area An existing study area i e area already cropped and extracted can be extracted The cropping limits of all the study areas that have been extracted for the tile h v are stored in the folder DataBase _h v This option is of particular interest when new images of a certain tile are added For instance if we have processed the period 2003 2007 for the study area i of tile h v and we add now the period 2007 2011 to the DataBase h v Image Import 4 1 we can extract the study area i for the latter period as well Page 12 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL UMR 1114 INRA APY Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes B Select text file with Study Area Regarder dans m Study Areas e tz E E gt Norm Type j StudyArea 3 Document texte H Study rea 3 comments Document texte Lj StudyArea 22 Document texte StudyArea 22 comments Document texte StudyArea 122 Document texte StudyArea 122 comments Document texte StudyArea 11111111111 Document texte StudyArea 11111111111 comments Document texte L E Emplacements co co Co 4 n Modifi le 30 08 2012 30 08 2012 30 08 2012 30 08 2012 30 08 2012 30 08 2012 30 08 2012 30 08 2012 t Types de fichiers
12. rn bi Annuler Fig 14 Selection of an existing study area to be cropped 4 2 3 Import Meteo Data The computation of surface fluxes requires the availability of the meteorological data described in section 3 2 The meteo data need to be extracted for each study area The program will ask for to indicate the CSV file with the meteo data Fig 15 the study area corresponding to the meteo file Fig 16 and the fill value of the CSV file for example 9999 Fig 17 When that information is inserted the program will start the import process When the process is completed an information window will pop up and the main window of the program will update the INFO of CURRENT STUDY AREA to show the name of the meteo file and the data availability Fig 18 B Select MeteoData file format csv Regarder dans F EVASPADEMO amp Nom Modifi le J 8day 06 08 2012 12 47 di EVASPA_MODIS 30 08 2012 15 14 JJ EVASPA_MODIS1 28 08 2012 17 26 A EVASPA_MODIS3 30 08 2012 17 25 RawDATA 29 08 2012 18 26 MeteoDataCSV_PV_2009 06 08 2012 12 46 CH Type Dossier de f Dossier de f Dossier de f Dossier de f Dossier de f Fichier CSV e t MENU MeteoDataCSV PV 2009 Types de fichiers csv Y Annuler Fig 15 Selection of meteo data file CSV Page 13 MR 1114 INRA EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL es Agro Hydrosyst mes Select Output Data Directory Ex StudyArea 15
13. the closest recording time of meteo data to satellite overpass time The format required is CSV separation semicolon MS Excel files can be saved in this format The meteo file must have 3 columns i First Date and time in format dd mm yyyy HH MM ii Second R W m and iii Third Ra W m The fill value for example 9999 will have to be indicated see section 4 2 3 During night time R should be set to zero negative or fill values during these hours must be replaced by zeros An example of meteo file EVASPAVO1 MeteoFileTemplate csv is provided with this manual 3 3 Digital Elevation Model DEM A DEM is required in this EVASPA version to mask areas above a certain altitude In the next version it will be required to generate a slope mask The computations can be run without DEM For information regarding the Slope Mask see section 6 6 For MODIS images the global digital elevation model DEM GTOPO30 provided by U S Geological Survey s EROS Data Center EDC can be downloaded free of charge from http WWW 1 gsi go jp geowww globalmap sgsi gtopo30 gtopo30 html Page 4 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL UMR 1114 INRA AP Environnement M diterran e n en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes The format required by EVASPA is a text file named gtopo_ h v The DEM GTOPO30 for the tile h18v04 is provided as an example with this manual The dimensions of the DEM matrix in the text file have to be 1200 rows an
14. versions on monthly scale Fig 27 The pixel point to be displayed can be selected by inserting its location in the tile or in the study area Page 19 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Environnement M diterran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes Row and Colin Tile The MODLAND Tile Calculator provides the location within the tile of any point by inserting the geographic coordinates http landweb nascom nasa gov cgi bin developer tilemap cgi For example Fig 24 the location of the point latitude 43 5 longitude 4 5 is tile h18v04 line 779 column samp 391 Ge we http landweb nascom nasa gov cai bin B X x MODLAND Tile Calculator x Convertir F S lectionner MODLAND Tile Calculator Notes updated 10 12 05 Map Projection Grid Integerized Sinusoidal Grid 1 KM Grid 0 5 KM Grid 0 25 KM Grid Goodes Homolosine Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area North Pole South Pole Sinusoidal Pixel size 1km 0 5 km 0 25 km Mapping type Tile image coordinates Global map coordinates Enter point for Forward mapping geographic coordinates in degrees latitude longitude Inverse mapping tile image coordinates vertical tile horizontal tile line sample or map coordinates in meters x y 43545 Results sn k fwd tp lat 43 500000 long 4 500000 gt vert tile 4 horiz tile 18 line 779 50 samp 391 20 Fig 24 MODLAND Til
15. Earth Part B Hydrology Oceans and Atmosphere 25 2 147 157 doi 10 1016 s1464 1909 99 00128 8 Sobrino JA Gomez M Jimenez Munoz C Olioso A 2007 Application of a simple algorithm to estimate daily evapotranspiration from NOAA AVHRR images for the Iberian Peninsula Remote Sensing of Environment 110 2 139 148 doi 10 1016 j rse 2007 02 017 Sobrino JA Gomez M Jimenez Munoz JC Olioso A Chehbouni G 2005 A simple algorithm to estimate evapotranspiration from DAIS data Application to the DAISEX campaigns Journal of Hydrology 315 1 4 117 125 doi 10 1016 j jhydrol 2005 03 027 Stisen S Sandholt I Norgaard A Fensholt R Jensen KH 2008 Combining the triangle method with thermal inertia to estimate regional evapotranspiration Applied to MSG SEVIRI data in the Senegal River basin Remote Sensing of Environment 112 3 1242 1255 doi 10 1016 j rse 2007 08 013 Su Z 2002 The Surface Energy Balance System SEBS for estimation of turbulent heat fluxes Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 6 1 85 99 Tang R Li Z L Tang B 2010 An application of the T s VI triangle method with enhanced edges determination for evapotranspiration estimation from MODIS data in and and semi arid regions Implementation and validation Remote Sensing of Environment 114 3 540 551 doi 10 1016 j rse 2009 10 012 Tanguy M Baille A Gonzalez Real MM Lloyd C Cappelaere B Kergoat L Cohard JM 2012 A new parameterisation scheme of ground heat flux for land
16. N H SAVING OPTIO SAVING OPTIONS Daily Values ET EF Rn ET Stats Instantaneous Values LE G Rn ET Cumulated Values Year Month Fig 21 Selection of saving options After selecting the saving options the computation will start Several waitbars will pop up to show the program progress This process can take some time depending on the number of images and the computer features When the process is completed an information window will indicate that The fluxes have been computed and the main window of the program will update the INFO of SURFACE FLUXES 4 3 3 View Note For all display options a study area from the DataBase h v must be selected If the INFO box COMPUTED FLUXES is empty no computed fluxes are available to be displayed Flux Map Once the study area has been selected maps of any stored flux can be displayed Fig 22 23 For each flux different versions are available e g there are 42 versions of daily evapotranspiration and 14 versions of ground heat flux The name of the folder indicates the version Details on flux version names are provided in section 5 Page 17 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes Er Regarder dans StudyArea 1 e E Nom Modifi le P m KE 17 08 20121909 Dossier def sr ii ET LG NE di LE
17. T The name of the folders in which outputs are stored indicate which equations have been used For example G 4 rn 1 em 2 Equation 4 is used to compute G section 5 4 and Equation 2 is used to compute emissivity section 6 1 The folders that contain EF LE and ET will include in the name alb 1 ndvi O fc 0 or alb O ndvi 1 fc O or alb O ndvi O fc 1 The 1 indicates that that variable is used for example alb O ndvi O fc 1 means that Fc has been used in computations 5 2 Calculation of LE and ET The latent heat flux LE is normally computed from instantaneous values of EF R and G LE 1 EF Rn G 1 For cases in which net long wave radiation is not available LE may be computed from EF R and G LE 2 EF R G 2 Both options LE 1 and LE 2 are computed to assess the differences between them The daily ET is computed from EF assumed to be constant during the day and the daily net radiation Rna which is estimated from instantaneous net radiation Rn ET 1 EF Rig 3 5 3 Calculation of Rn The instantaneous net radiation Rn it is calculated with the following expression Rn 1 Rai 1 a R eo T2 ER 4 R Solar radiation ground data R Incoming long wave radiation ground data a Albedo T Surface temperature e Emissivity To derive the daily net radiation used in Eq 3 from the instataneous values Rna Rni C the ratio between daily net radiation and instantaneous net
18. V CCC YYYYDDDHHMMSS hdf ESDT Earth Science Data Type name e g MOD14A1 YYYYDDD MODIS acquisition year and DOY HH Horizontal tile number 0 35 VV Vertical tile number 0 17 CCC Collection version number 001 002 003 etc NOTE 005 for EVASPA vO1 YYYYDDDHHMMSS Processing Year Julian day and UTC Time hdf Suffix denoting HDF file Examples MCD15A3 A2009169 h18v04 005 2009180054227 hdf MYD13A2 A2009169 h18v04 005 2009200110759 hdf For MOD16 images YYYYDDD is replaced for monthly scale by YYYYMMM acquisition year and month and for yearly scale by YYYYnnn acquisition year and last day of the year Examples MOD16A2 A2009M06 h18v04 105 2010357212125 hdf MOD16 Month MOD16A3 A2009365 h18v04 105 2010356040241 hdf MOD16 Year Once the Raw Data Folder has been selected a new window Fig 2 will open to ask for the TILE INFO The standard MODIS tile nomenclature h v denotes the horizontal h and vertical v position of the MODIS tile Fig 3 shows an overview of all MODIS tiles The information about h and v itis always part of the HDF file name for example MOD11A1 A2009170 h18v04 005 2009171184605 hdf Ej TILE INFO Insert h Insert v 04 Fig 2 TILE INFO window Page 6 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL UMR 1114 INR APV eM ironnemen ps AE HA BA od lisation des Hydro Note The subfolder of the Raw Data may contain HDF files of different tiles but only those images corresponding to the
19. ation and soil moisture from satellite imagery Sensors 7 8 1612 1629 doi 10 3390 s7081612 Carlson TN Ripley DA 1997 On the relation between NDVI fractional vegetation cover and leaf area index Remote Sensing of Environment 62 3 241 252 doi 10 1016 s0034 4257 97 00104 1 Choudhury BJ Idso SB Reginato RJ 1987 Analysis of an empirical model for soil heat flux under a growing wheat crop for estimating evaporation by an infrared temperature based energy balance equation Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 39 4 283 297 doi 10 1016 0168 1923 87 90021 9 Delogu E Boulet G Olioso A Coudert B Chirouze J Ceschia E Le Dantec V Marloie O Chehbouni G and Lagouarde J P 2012 Reconstruction of temporal variations of evapotranspiration using instantaneous estimates at the time of satellite overpass Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 16 2995 3010 doi 10 5194 hess 16 2995 2012 2012 Jin M Liang S 2006 An improved land surface emissivity parameter for land surface models using global remote sensing observations Journal of Climate 19 12 2867 2881 doi 10 1175 jcli3720 1 Kustas WP Daughtry CST Vanoevelen PJ 1993 Analytical treatment of the relationships between soil heat flux net radiation ratio and vegetation indexes Remote Sensing of Environment 46 3 319 330 doi 10 1016 0034 4257 93 90052 y Lagouarde J P Olioso A Boulet G Coudert B Dayau S Castillo S Weiss M Roujean J L Delogu E et Puche N 2010 Defining the
20. ble All these products can be downloaded free of charge from the Web page of NASA REVERB http reverb echo nasa gov reverb The required version of the products is 005 Page 3 4 EOS SC E Km EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Apart from these products which are required to compute the surface fluxes EVASPA vO1 offers the possibility to compare the results on Evapotranspiration mapping against the MOD16 global evapotranspiration product provided by the Numerical Terra dynamic Simulation Group NTSG of the University of Montana All information about this product can be found in http www ntsg umt edu project mod16 EVASPA vO1 processes MOD16 on monthly and yearly scale The images can be downloaded from the previous link Data Product Tab in HDF format on monthly and yearly scale or from the ftp server ftp ntsg umt edu User anonymous Password email address ex user internet com 3 1 2 OTHER EVASPA vO1 only processes MODIS images The next version EVASPA vO2 will include the option to process Landsat images Images from other sensors will be incorporated in next versions 3 2 Meteorological data The ground data variables needed for computation are ncoming solar radiation R Wm Incoming long wave atmospheric radiation Ra W m The meteorological data should be available at time scale lower than daily 10min 30min or hourly time scale are recommended since the software will select for calculations
21. d 1200 columns like MODIS tiles pixel size 926 62 m sinusoidal projection 4 MENU DESCRIPTION 4 1 Import Images Raw images are imported and stored to be used in calculations MODIS When we click on Import Images MODIS a window Fig 1 will open to ask to for the Raw Data folder The user has to indicate the folder in which the HDF files of MODIS products are stored This folder must contain one subfolder for each product The subfolder must be named like the shortname of the products Fig 1 shows the structure and subfolder names for the Raw Data folder Rechercher un dossie Select Raw Data directory with hdf files 4 RawDATA Raw Data Folder to be selected J DEM Optional Jj MCD15A3 Jj McD43B1 Js MCD43B2 d MCD43B3 J MOD11A1 subfolders Jj MOD13A2 m J MOD1542 lt Only for 18 02 2000 03 07 2002 LS 4 MODIG Optional A Month A Year MODAAW Jj MYD11A1 Jj MYD13A2 Fig 1 Example of Raw Data Folder Page 5 EOS ss r s RK EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL As above mentioned the products MYD11A1 and MOD16 and the DEM are not compulsory required for calculations but they provide valuable additional information Note that the subfolder MOD16 has two subfolders to store Monthly and Yearly images The original name of the raw images downloaded from REVERB or NTSG must not be altered The HDF file name has the following format ESDT AYYYYDDD hHHvV
22. dy area is selected the main window will show the overview of the tile and the study area as well as the water and slope masks and the INFO of the CURRENT DATA BASE CURRENT STUDY AREA and SURFACE FLUXES will be updated Fig 20 Before launching the flux computation it is important to check that the period of image availability matches up with the period of meteo data availability Underlined in red in Fig 20 For the display options there must be fluxes already computed for the selected study area In the INFO box the availability of flux data is indicated in SURFACE FLUXES COMPUTED FLUXES If the INFO box COMPUTED FLUXES is empty no computed fluxes are available For the comparison with MOD16 images apart from computed fluxes the MOD16 data need to have been extracted for the selected study area If that is the case this info will also appear in the INFO box MOD16 Page 15 MAE EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes gg EVASPA voi mmm mmm Import Images New Study Area Surface Fluxes INFO CURRENT DATABASE DataBase h18v04 MODIS images aJ x Tile h18v04 kajx Study Area 1 CURRENT STUDY AREA StudyArea 1 Comments Crau Camargue area Without mask TERRA Available images 365 From 2011001 To 2011365 Average View Time 10 54 AQUA Available images 365 From 2011001 To 2011365 Average View
23. e Calculator Location of the point latitude 43 5 longitude 4 5 Page 20 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Q m SE Kc ects Ka UMR 1114 INR Environnement M diterran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes Row and Col in Study Area The user can also insert directly the location within the study area for example Fig 25 Pixel line 52 Col 80 EI Figure 1 28 id amp 9 SII M06 2011 ET 1 ef 1 rn 1 em 1 alb 0 ndvi Ofc 1 mm month X 80 v 52 Index 147 5 Line 52 AGE 1 0 625 0 Fig 25 Location of a point within the study area Page 21 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL UMR 1114 INR Environnement M diterran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes 4 EVASPA MODIS gt DataBase h18v04 d A SurfaceFluxes_h18v04 4 TERRA 4 StudyArea 1 D A H ai ET b ET 1 ef 1 rm 1 em 1 al ET 1 ef 1 mn l_em_1 al b m ET 1 ef 1 rn 1 em 1 al gt ET 1 ef 1 rn 1 em 2 al ET I efl m1 em 2l gt A ET 1 ef 1 rn 1 em 2 al Dossier ET 1 ef 1 rn 1 em 2 alb 0 ndvi 0 fc 1 Fig 26 Information required for point profile display Page 22 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help DER IARAVDE QG D I an 10 Mean ET 8 SD 7 ET all versions 6 4 ET mm day e PA AL P Dec 10 Feb 11 Apr 11 May 11 Dec 11 Feb 12
24. e are topographic effects on MODIS LST in complicated terrains High resolution DEM is an important input to make pixel specific topographic correction for localized radiometric effects slope aspect related illumination differences shadowing and reflection of radiation from adjacent pixels Only the first order of topographic information i e the elevation of the surface is considered in radiative transfer simulations in the development of MODIS LST algorithms In rugged areas where high resolution DEM is not available it is difficult to accurately estimate land surface temperature Wan 1999 The LST is one of the main inputs for ET mapping in EVASPA and important under overestimations can be produced if this aspect is not taken into account Work is in progress to implement an efficient slope masking based on a DEM that prevents the ET maaping errors Page 31 EOS E S EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL derived from these effects At the moment only a masking based on elevation has been implemented to mask mountainous areas in which this problem can appear When a DEM is available the user has the option to mask all areas above a certain altitude REFERENCES Bastiaanssen WGM Menenti M Feddes RA Holtslag AAM 1998 A remote sensing surface energy balance algorithm for land SEBAL 1 Formulation Journal of Hydrology 213 1 4 198 212 Carlson T 2007 An overview of the triangle method for estimating surface evapotranspir
25. ion Of LE ana E E 28 s CH EI ten OL RE 28 5 4 Equations for G computation cccccccccssssecccceeesseccccaessececsaeseceesauuseceessuaseceessuaueceeesuaseeecesseaaeeeessaggeseeeas 29 Ee un leg Lei Ben gx 29 5 6 Interpolation or daily ET gegen 30 SE e n ege le Ee ra a ee S ee eee re 30 6 PROCESSING ele WT 30 6 1 Surface Temperature and Emissivity ccccccsssscccccesssecccceesecccsaeusececseuuseeecessuaeceeeseusecesssuanecesessagaeeeeees 30 SNB IIa c 31 E E 6 lt 1 0 6 EE 31 Rd ii ne 31 DD NO COR AS a ne ee en ea tan ee ee eo ne cl ce 31 SOS OR ee ceed 31 PEE RE IN CE T nn 32 ss E ona E S EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL 1 INTRODUCTION EVASPA is a tool to compute surface energy fluxes from remotely sensed images The following variables can be estimated Evapotranspiration ET Net Radiation R Evaporative fraction EF Ground heat flux G The flux computation algorithms of EVASPA v01 are based on the S SEBI method Roerink et al 2000 and the triangle approach Carlson 2007 Both methods assume that over large areas those areas with very high or low evaporation can be identified from contextual remotely sensed information Algorithms based on aerodynamic approaches will be included in next versions and the variable sensible heat flux H wil
26. l be provided This tool is being developed within the frame of SIRRIMED Sustainable use of IRRgation water in the MEDiterranean Region FP7 European Commission and TOSCA Earth Ocean Continental Surfaces and Atmosphere Centre National d Etudes Spatiales CNES France 2 INSTALLATION EVASPA vO1 is a software developed using MATLABO language and can be installed on any computer working under windows OS system It is a compiled version that does not require to install MATLAB on the computer To use EVASPA v01 the Matlab Component Runtime MCR needs to be installed MCR is a collection of libraries required to run compiled MATLAB codes It essentially includes all the existing MATLABO libraries but does not require a license to be installed Installing the MCR assures that the code behaves exactly like it would under MATLABO To install EVASPA vO1 1 Create a new folder where you would like to install EVASPA 2 Copy the file EVASPA v01x86 pkg 32 bits or EVASPA vO1x64 pkg 64 bits depending on Windows version to the previously created folder 3 Execute the file that you have just copied and follow the instructions EVASPA and the Matlab compiler runtime will be installed 4 To run EVASPA vO1 click on EVASPA vO1 exe Page 2 5 000 m LR EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL MR 1114 INRA APY Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes 3 INPUT DATA To compute surface flu
27. le images 365 From 2011001 To 2011365 Average View Time 10 54 AQUA Available images 365 From 2011001 To 2011365 Average View Time 12 54 Bg cvaspA voi Import Images New Study Area Surface Fluxes INFO CURRENT DATABASE l DataBase h18v04 MODIS images ET 2011M06 2 X Study Area 1 Without mask WW CURRENT STUDY AREA 200 StudyArea 1 Comments Crau Camargue area TERRA Available images 365 180 From 2011001 To 2011365 Average View Time 10 54 AQUA Available images 365 160 From 2011001 To 2011365 Average View Time 12 54 MeteoData File 140 RadiationDataCSV PV 2011 Data From 2011001 To 2011365 SURFACE FLUXES COMPUTED FLUXES TERRA computed fluxes availability Days 182 From 2011002 To 2011365 Interpolated ET values Days 365 From 2011001 To 2011365 MOD16 Months 12 From 2011M01 To 2011M12 Years 1 From 2011 To 2011 Fig 23 Display of flux map Point Profile This option shows the evolution of daily and monthly evapotranspiration throughout one year in a certain location pixel The graphs displayed show the evolution of daily evapotranspiration for all versions including mean and SD the evolution of evapotranspiration on daily and monthly scale for a selected version and the boxplot box and whisker diagram of all ET
28. main window when a Database is selected Page 9 me ES yn S EVASPA v0O1 USER MANUAL Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes 4 2 2 Extraction To extract a study area from the tile there are 3 options Crop from Image When selecting this option an image of the tile will pop up in which the user can graphically crop a study area square or rectangular Once the area is selected right click and click on crop image Fig 9 Afterwards the program will ask the user for the ID number of the study area and for comments or key words to remember identify the area Fig 10 View Ins cols Desktop Window Help DSdelRISSUDR a 08 00 Copy Position Set Color Fix Aspect Ratio Crop Image Cancel 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 Fig 9 Cropping study area from tile image Baan MN Study Area Number 3 Comments Area including station 3 Fig 10 Request of Study Area Information Page 10 PZ EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL I INCA Finally only if a DEM is available in the Database the program will ask to select the e oy MR 1114 INRA APY Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes INR maximum elevation to be considered in the study area All surfaces above the selected maximum elevation will be masked The information regarding this mask can be found in section 6 6 Fig 11 Selection of maximum ele
29. mperature ranges from a minimum with the strongest evaporative cooling to a maximum with the weakest evaporative cooling This means that the observed dry edge of the triangular space represents the lowest evaporative fractions for varying NDVI or F and the wet edge represents maximum evaporative fractions The approach is valid when both minimum and maximum evapotranspiration can be observed within the boundaries of the study area and an important assumption is that these different cases are not primarily caused by differences in atmospheric conditions but by variations in water availability Stisen et al 2008 Similarly for the S SEBI method Roerink et al 2000 in which a reflectance dependent maximum respectively minimum temperature for dry respectively wet conditions are determined contrasted surface reflectances albedo have to be present on the study area 6 PROCESSING OF INPUT VARIABLES The input variables Ts Emissivity NDVI and albedo are provided by MODIS products The quality bands of the products are used to filter low quality input data 6 1 Surface Temperature and Emissivity The MODIS product MOD11A1 provides daily Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity Band 31 and Band 32 Only a scale factor is needed to get the T values Two equations are used to calculate emissivity that combine the Band 31 and Band 32 emissivity EM1 Jin and Liang 2006 EM2 Tang et al 2010 Page 30 SSS Sn e e
30. radiation C Rna R versus the day of the year DOY is used The equations were obtained from net radiation fluxes measured at the Page 28 UU Se RP S SSS Cen Pro EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL meteorological station of the El Saler area located in the East coast of the Iberian Peninsula Valencia 39 20 41 165 N 0 19 12 031 W at sea level Sobrino et al 2007 NOTE This relathionship C needs to be adapted for the different locations in which EVASPA is applied Since the equation derived for El Saler is used instead a locally derived one it is therefore a source of inaccuracy in EVASPA vO1 EVASPA vO2 will include the option to derive C for each study area 5 4 Equations for G computation The ground heat flux is computed from R and depending on the version some of the following variables T albedo NDVI Fc LAI EF Seven equations are considered for the calculation The sources of the equations are G1 G 0 G2 Bastiaanssen et al 1998 G3 Su 2002 G4 Kustas et al 1993 G5 Choudhury et al 1987 G6 Moran et al 1994 G7 Tanguy et al 2012 5 5 Determination on EF Seven versions are considered for the determination of wet and dry edges of the triangle space T NDVI T Fc or the radiation and evaporation control limits of the space T Albedo EF1 Simplified version of the algorithm proposed by Tang et al 2010 without outlier filtering
31. regression line and coefficient Bl Figure 1 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help OS IARALOE A DA wm Ode IARAVODR A DEA mm M06 2011 ET 1 ef 2 rn 1 em 1 alb 0 ndvi O fc 1 mm month M06 2011 MOD 16 mm month Moe 2011 EVASPA MOD16 File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help Ode RAR OR A DEA an Density Scatter Plot 250 y 0 22836 x 67 997 R 0 39091 Fig 28 Display of map comparison with MOD16 Page 24 EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL MR 1114 INRA APY Environnement M dilerran en et Mod lisation des Agro Hydrosyst mes INR Point Profile This option displays the graphs Fig 29 of cumulated Monthly ET of the selected version in the selected pixel the scatter plot ET EVASPA vs ET MOD16 includes regression line and coefficient and the boxplot of all ET versions on monthly scale plus MOD16 In the same way as for Point Profile Display section 4 33 the pixel to be displayed can be selected from line and column in the tile or the study area Fle Elit View cat Fook Dep Window til File Edit View Insert Tools Desktop Window Help DS ds IRAN O8 QG 0E a0 USMS Fk AAVOL AS 0H ag Line 53 Col 71 ET 1 ef 1 rn 1 em 1 alb 0 ndvi O fc 1 Line 53 Col 71 2011 250 W EVASPA MOD16 2 P A r Lem x 16932 0 799 ET mm month g ET EVASPA mm month 8 S 0 Dec 10 Feb 11 Apr
32. revisit frequency for the MISTIGRI project of a satellite mission in the thermal infrared Third Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing RAQRS Torrent er Valencia Spain 27 septembre 1 octobre 2010 J A Sobrino ed Universitat de Val ncia Spain ISBN 978 84 370 7952 3 Pages 824 829 Li Z L Tang R Wan Z Bi Y Zhou C Tang B Yan G Zhang X 2009 A Review of Current Methodologies for Regional Evapotranspiration Estimation from Remotely Sensed Data Sensors 9 5 3801 3853 doi 10 3390 s90503801 McJannet DL Webster IT Cook FJ 2012 An area dependent wind function for estimating open water evaporation using land based meteorological data Environmental Modelling amp Software 31 76 83 doi 10 1016 j envsoft 2011 11 017 Moran MS Clarke TR Inoue Y Vidal A 1994 Estimating crop water deficit using the relation between surface air temperature and spectral vegetation index Remote Sensing of Environment 49 3 246 263 doi 10 1016 0034 4257 94 90020 5 Page 32 SS yn X Fr PANELS EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Petropoulos G Carlson TN Wooster MJ Islam S 2009 A review of T s VI remote sensing based methods for the retrieval of land surface energy fluxes and soil surface moisture Progress in Physical Geography 33 2 224 250 doi 10 1177 0309133309338997 Roerink GJ Su Z Menenti M 2000 S SEBI A simple remote sensing algorithm to estimate the surface energy balance Physics and Chemistry of the
33. selected tile will be processed EVASPA vO1 will create one database per tile for computations The import process should be done tile by tile n Fig 3 MODIS Sinusoidal Tiling System Source https lpdaac usgs gov After inserting the values of v and h in the TILE INFO window another window will open to ask the user where to store the program outputs EVASPA vO1 will create the folder EVASPA MODIS in which all the information generated by the program will be stored gt Jy GLOBCARBON gt J LANDSAT gt MERIS Jy MODIS gt Jo RapidEye Fig 4 Selection of Output directory Page 7 SC EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL INA In the selected Output Directory in the Folder EVASPA MODIS the subfolder SESS LR DataBase_h v will be created to store all imported images corresponding to the tile h v The image importing process can take some time depending on the number of images and the computer features Several waitbars like Fig 5 will pop up while the images are being imported When the process is finished an information window stating The DataBase has been created will pop up and the information of the CURRENT DATABASE will be updated Fig 6 Please wait Creating Albedo Data Fig 5 Waitbar of data importing process Import Images New Study Area Surface Fluxes GES Ee The Database has been created Fig 6 End of data importing process 4
34. surface flux retrieval from remote sensing information Journal of Hydrology Amsterdam 454 455 113 122 doi 10 1016 j jhydrol 2012 06 002 Wan Z 1999 MODIS Land Surface Temperature Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document LST ATBD http modis gsfc nasa gov data atbd atbd mod11 pdf Page 33
35. vation After these input dialog windows Fig 9 and 10 the extraction of study area will start Several waitbars will pop up to show the program progress The program will extract TERRA images and AQUA and or MOD16 images when available This process can take some time depending on the number of images and the computer features When the process is completed an information window will pop up and the main window of the program will update the INFO of CURRENT STUDY AREA and it will show the overview of the tile study area and water and slope mask Fig 12 B EVASPA_VO1 mm mmm ait anh Em Import Images New Study Area Surface Fluxes INFO CURRENT DATABASE DataBase h18v04 MODIS images Tile Overview Lola Study Area 3 Without mask v CURRENT STUDY AREA StudyArea 3 Comments Area including station 3 The ShiduATen hes d z e t TERRA Available images 11 ah st a From 2009170 To 2009180 o Average View Time 10 54 AQUA Available images 11 From 2009170 To 2009180 Average View Time 13 00 SURFACE FLUXES COMPUTED FLUXES Slope Mask Water Mask Fig 12 Main window display after study area extraction Page 11 ss E a E ES EVASPA v01 USER MANUAL Insert Rows and Columns In every tile there are 1200 rows and 1200 columns The user can crop the image directly introducing the limits of the study area row1 min row2 max coll min col2
36. xes with EVASPA the input remotely sensed images DEM Digital Elevation INR Model and meteorological data must meet the format requirements described in the following sections 3 1 Images 3 1 1 MODIS EVASPA vO1 processes MODIS TERRA and AQUA images in EOS HDF format Table 1 shows the MODIS products required Shortname Platform MODIS Product Raster Res Temporal type m Granularity MOD15A2 Terra Leaf Area Index FPAR Tile 1000m 8 day MCD15A3 Combined Leaf Area Index FPAR Tile 1000m 4 day MOD44W Terra Land Water Mask Derived Tile 250m None Land Surface Temperature amp MYD11A1 Aqua Wen Tile 1000m Daily Emissivity MCD43B1 Combined BRDF Albedo Model Parameters Tile 1000m 16 day MCD43B3 Combined Albedo Tile 1000m 16 day MYD13A2 Aqua Vegetation Indices Tile 1000m 16 day MOD13A2 Terra Vegetation Indices Tile 1000m 16 day MCD43B2 Combined BRDF Albedo Quality Tile 1000m 16 day Land Surface Temperature amp MOD11A1 Terra Tile 1000m Daily Emissivity Table 1 MODIS products required by EVASPA VO 1 Source https lpdaac usgs gov products modis products table MOD15A2 Only required for the period 18 02 2000 03 07 2002 since MCD15A3 was not yet available Note that for that period the input LAI images temporal scale is 8day MYD11A1 Optional product the program can be run without this input For further information about the products the user is referred to https lpdaac usgs gov products modis products ta
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search