Standard Shell & Tube IOM Manual
Contents
1. The HCF and SSCF exchangers are suit may be used The interior of the tubes may be rodded able for use as heaters using steam as the heating e The exterior or shell side of the tubes of a fixed sheet heat medium These exchangers are however fixed tubesheet exchanger can only be cleaned chemically by using a units and therefore not designed to absorb thermal shock chemical dissolved in water solution We suggest that the inherent in the intermittant service of on and off heating user contact the manufacturer of the cleaning chemical for with frequent short intervals of demand Their recom instructions mended use is where service is continuous or steady with relatively long periods between shutdown and start up Heat exchanger failure due to thermal shock may result in potential personal injury 7 All gasketed joints should be checked after starting for leaks and tightened if necessary WARNING Care must be exercised when handling certain fluids Follow manufacturers instructions Use eye and skin protection Wear a respirator when required MAINTENANCE 1 Do not open heads until all pressure is off equipment and the unit is drained 7 When replacing heads use a torque wrench Tighten 1 4 diameter bolts 2 diameter units to 6 ft lbs 5 6 diameter bolts 3 amp 4 diameter units to 16 ft lbs and 3 s diameter bolts 5 6 amp 8 diameter units to 24 ft lbs If the gasket joint Still leaks tighten2. medium only Be sure that the passages in the exchanger are entirely filled with the cold fluid before closing the vents The hot medium should then be intro duced gradually until all passages are filled with liquid close vents and slowly bring the unit up to temperature 10 Be sure the entire system is clean before starting operation to 2 Start operation gradually Do not admit hot fluid to the unit prevent plugging of tubes with sand or refuse The use of suddenly when empty or cold Do not shock unit with cold fluid strainers in settling tanks in pipe lines leading to the unit is when unit is hot 9 Inspect all openings in exchanger for foreign material Re move all thread protectors and shipping pads just before installing Do not expose units to the elements with pads or other covers removed from openings since rain water may enter the unit and cause severe damage due to freezing haunt CAUTION Fluids must be gradually introduced to th 11 Drain connections should not be piped to a common closed A peo neet ale WIUSh a ola aun ioe lGe wl ve manifold unit Failure to do so can cause damage to the heat exchanger z Standard Xchange 3 In shutting down flow of hot medium should be shut off first 5 Do not blow out heat exchangers with air when operating If it is necessary to stop circulation of cooling medium the cir fluids are of a flammable or otherwise hazardous nature culation of hot medium should also be stopped by by pas
3. that exchangers will not settle and cause piping strains Foundation bolts should be set to allow for setting inaccuracies In concrete footings pipe sleeves at least one size larger than bolt diameter slipped over the bolt and cast in place are best for this purpose as they allow the bolt center to be adjusted after the foundation has 12 Location of the operating fluids in the heat exchanger can be a function of the application A few tips for the location of the operating fluids are a As a cooler the preferred arrangement is with the hot medi um through the shell and the cooling medium through the tubes When the hot fluid is dirty or fouling it is better to put it through the tubes because they are easier to clean With single pass units be sure the shell inlet is on the same end as the tube side outlet In two pass units the shell inlet should be at the inlet outlet bonnet end It is customary for the cooling medium to enter the lower bonnet connection although this can be reversed if necessary b As a heater the hot medium usually steam or hot water must be in the shell If it is steam either of the shell con nections or both can be used dependent on the actual entering velocities c For the above applications and for temperatures above 150 F the higher temperature fluid should be circulated through the shell side of the exchanger and precaution should be taken to avoid shock from abrupt changes in fluid circulat
4. Standard Xchange a xylem brand Installation Operation and Maintenance Manual for Standrd Pre Engineered Shell amp Tube Models BCF HCF HFF SSCF amp SX2000 Fixed Tube Sheet Heat Exchangers For Service amp Parts please call APK THERMAL at 519 858 0976 or email info apkthermal com A SAFETY INSTRUCTION This safety alert symbol will be used in this manual to draw attention to safety related instructions When used the safety alert symbol means ATTENTION BECOME ALERT YOUR SAFETY IS INVOLVED FAILURE TO FOLLOW THESE IN STRUCTIONS MAY RESULT IN A SAFETY HAZARD Standard Xchange INSTALLATION 1 Before installing this equipment environment and service conditions should be checked for compatibility with materials of construction Contact your nearest ITT Standard Representative if you are not sure what the actual materials of construction are N Provide valves and by passes in the piping system so that both the shell and tube sides may be by passed to permit inspection or repair OO Provide thermometer well and pressure gauge connections in all piping to and from the unit and locate as near the unit as possible m Provide convenient means for frequently cleaning the unit as suggested under Maintenance pn Provide necessary air vent cocks for units so they can be purged to prevent or relieve vapor or gas binding of either the tube or the shell sides D Foundations must be adequate so
5. in 2 ft lb increments until leak stops 2 Remove the bonnets Inspect all tubes carefully for possible erosion corrosion or foreign material 3 Inspect all anodes to be sure they are neither excessively cor l i The above torque values apply to well lubricated nut bearing roded nor insulated with scale Scrape to a bright surface surfaces 4 Inspect filters in the system to prevent foreign matter from entering the exchanger Standard Mchange p 3 8 All bolted joints should be tightened uniformly and in a dia 10 Exchangers subject to fouling or scaling should be cleaned metrically staggered pattern as illustrated below periodically A light sludge or scale coating on the tube greatly reduces its effectiveness Therefore low fouling fluids should be used in the shell side of all heat exchangers with non removable tube bundles A marked increase in pressure drop and or reduction in performance usually indicates cleaning is necessary especially if the unit has been checked for air or vapor binding and this has been found not to be the cause Since the difficulty of cleaning increases rapidly as the scale thickens or deposits increase the interval between cleanings should not be excessive 9 Frequently and at regular intervals observe interior and exte ANODES rior condition of all tubes and keep them clean Frequency of 1 h ith cleaning should be according to scale build up Some exchangers may be eq
6. ion temperatures 13 Steam hammer can cause serious damage to the tubes of any heat exchanger A careful consideration of the following points before an installation is made can prevent costly repairs which may be caused by steam hammer a A vacuum breaker and or vent should be used in accord ance with the type of steam system installed b The proper trap for the steam system installed should be used c The trap and the condensate return line to the trap should be properly sized for the total capacity of the convertor d The trap should be sized for the pressure at the trap not the inlet pressure to the steam controller e The trap must drain into an unpressurized condensate re turn system Condensate return lines must not be run at an elevation above the bottom of the heat exchanger To do so may result in a buildup of the condensate level in the heat exchanger which could cause water hammer and damaged tubes 1 CAUTION During times of shutdown volumetric set expansion can occur We recommend the installation 7 Loosen foundation bolts at one end of unit to allow free of a properly sized relief valve on both sides of the heat expansion of shells Oval holes in foundation brackets are exchanger provided for this purpose 8 Set exchangers level and square so that pipe connections OPERATION may be made without forcing 1 When placing a unit in operation open the vent connections and start to circulate the cold
7. sing or otherwise WARNING Proper precautions must be taken special 4 Donot operate equipment under conditions in excess of those H amp clothing equipment etc to protect personnel from specified on nameplate injury due to escaping fluids WARNING Failure to operate the heat exchanger 6 Provide convenient means for frequently cleaning heat within the design pressure and temperature on the exchangers as suggested below nameplate may result in damage to the heat exchanger and potential injury to adjacent personnel a Circulating hot wash oil or light distillate through tubes or shell at good velocity will effectually remove sludge or other similar soft deposits b Soft salt deposits may be washed out by circulating hot 5 Drain all fluids when shutting down to eliminate possibility of freezing and corrosion To guard against water hammer con densate should be drained from steam heaters and similar fresh water apparatus both when starting up and when shutting down c Some cleaning compounds on the market such as 6 In all installations there should be no pulsation of fluids since Oakite may be used to advantage for removing sludge or this causes vibration and strain with resulting leaks coke provided hot wash oil or water as described above does not give satisfactory results d If none of the above described methods are effective for the removal of hard scale or coke a mechanical means i WARNING
8. uipped with renewable anodes The purpose of the anodes is to inhibit electrolytic corrosion In order to remain active the anodes must be kept free of scale da CAUTION Neglect in keeping all tubes clean may or other surfaces coatings result in complete stoppage of flow through some 2 On some applications where electrolytic corrosion is not a tubes with consequent overheating of these tubes resulting problem pipe plugs may be substituted for the anode The in severe expansion strains leaking tube joints and damage pipe plug material selected should be softer than the base to the heat exchanger part to avoid pipe thread damage FRONT HEAD GASKET CORE BUNDLE amp SHELL ASSEMBLY REAR bir F FRONT HEAD c RENEWABLE ANODES ZINC MOUNTING LEGS For further information contact APK Thermal 131 Masonville Cres London ON N5X 3T1 Phone 519 858 0976 FAX 519 858 9701 Email info apkthermal com Standard Xchange p 4 ORIGINALLY PRINTED IN U S A 6 1995 Updated 7 2012 Standard X a xylem brand Model BCF HCF cross section view Brass shell tube sheets amp baffles Copper tubes Cast Iron bonnet headers Do you need replaceemnt exchanger Please call APK Thermal at 519 858 0976 or emial info apkthermal com p 5
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