Imię, Nazwisko autora 1
Contents
1. engine load engine temper ature speed rotation pressure in intake manifold fuel pressure supply voltage AFR of the mixture correction rate time of opening injectors vehicle speed course of the vehicle and information about defect We have to know that basic notion used in on board diagnostic of a vehicle is monitor It is a diagnostic procedure which is controlled by a cen tral computer and it uses hardware and program It stores the result of the test which has been done doing and it informs the user about the defect It is true that one monitor serves only one subsystem or component so the amount used by monitor de pends on the type of engine We are marking out monitors 16 continuous they watch above elements and com ponents which are controlled all time in drive time conditional in this elements are necessary longer The progress of today s motorization means 1m provement in efficiency of internal combustion engines and reduction of emission harmful sub stances to the air 1 10 Today s constructors face these requirements and they are restricted with on board diagnostic systems OBDII and EOBD Standard OBD On Board Diagnostic was in troduced in 1996 in USA and was announced as a global standard in 2000 It forced manufacturers to build on board diagnostic systems to every type of car passenger or trucks The essential function of these systems is measurement and monitoring of the b2. air pollutants as well as signaling faults in the car saving such de fects and providing information to external diagnos tic devices The system allows rapid and compre hensive vehicle diagnostics in the garage using the diagnostic testers The idea of the system involves the introduction of a unified diagnostic system for all car manufacturers Currently car manufacturers often create dedicated software that supports only the cars of the brand The changes to the regulations specify requirements for manufacturers and direct the creation of a universal system But as long as they drive vehicles not covered by the new re strictions various analysis programs have to be applied by diagnosticians checking type of socket Nomenclature Skroty i oznaczenia OBD On Board Diagnostic system diagnostyki poktadowej Bibliography Literatura 1 Jamrozik A Tutak W Kociszewski A Sosnowski M Numerical simulation of two stage combustion in SI engine with prechamber Applied Mathematical Model ling Volume 37 Issue 5 2961 2982 2013 921 in the vehicle and select the correct adapter to con nect the computer to the vehicle Similarly the type of transmission which is different for trucks of all makes The same reference codes in different sys tems sometimes mean something else as seen in the FMI codes The effectiveness of the system is based on a failure free operation of a number of sensors locat ed in the vehicle Defect
3. of these sensors is a fun damental flaw of OBD II system and contributes to the frequent visits to the repair stations Car owners must cover the costs of repair diagnosis while reducing the vehicle available time Mechanics negative approach to the location of certain ele ments of the OBD system which often tend to fail Replacing one sensor requires removal of many other components In addition manufacturers to increase revenues use solutions that preclude repair by an unauthorized service center Modern systems fitted to heavy goods vehicles such as selective purification of exhaust gas control systems GPS 29 35 automatic tire pressure mon itoring are implemented with some delay to passen ger vehicles On board diagnostic system despite its short comings however meets its functions properly and delivers benefits so it is used more and more wide ly The European Parliament adopted the new rules which propose that the OBD system is to be in stalled in all vehicles of mopeds motorcycles and ATVs on in order to improve road safety and re duce emissions From 2016 EURO 4 emission standards will include motorcycles including mo peds in the follows years Euro 5 standard will apply from 2020 years to both mopeds and motor cycles The OBD system is to signal errors in the control system safety and emissions 36 Acknowledgements The publication co financed by the project Modern engineer the future of our economy
4. 0 31 32 33 34 35 Rokosch U Uk ad oczyszczania spalin 1 poktadowe systemy diagnostyczne samocho dow OBD WK s 181 206 253 272 303 308 2007 Merkisz J Dodatkowe mozliwosci wykorzy stania informacji z pokladowych uktadow diagnostyki OBD w autobusach i samocho dach ci arowych Diagnostyka samochodo wa s 150 157 Rydzyna 2002 Mazurek S Merkisz J Pok adowe systemy diagnostyczne pojazd w samochodowych podstawowe cele 1 wymagania normy OBD II 25th International Scientific Conference on Combustion Enignes KONES 99 Zakopane 1999 White Ch Randall M Kody usterek WKL Warszawa pp 20 55 2006 Operator s Manual Vcads Elit User s Manual Volvo Parts Corporation pp 4 10 25 60 2004 MAN Data Compedium Fauls messages trucknology Generation MAN Nutzfahrzeuge Aktiengesellschaft VAST 2006 Gunther H Diagnozowanie silnik w wyso kopr nych WK s 9 67 2010 Service Manual Trucks Volvo Trucks North American Inc Greensboro NC USA pp 1 15 2007 Merkisz J Tendencje rozwojowe silnik w spalinowych Silniki spalinowe nr 1 2004 Wyd PTNSS Bielsko Bia a 2004 Sitek K Syta S Badania stanowiskowe 1 diagnostyka WK s 337 352 2011 Grzelka J Jamrozik A Kociszewski A Rejestracja zdarze drogowych przy pomocy odbiornika GPS Drogi l dowe powietrzne wodne nr 3 2009 12 s 49 58 2009 Cupia K Grzelka J Jamrozik A GPS w auto
5. 2012 09 2012 11 25 12 05 15 15 41 inactive 108 codes is shown in table 5 and the report are exam ples thereof in the third column The fourth column represents the activity of error and the column Number shows the number of times the error occurred Next appear the date the first failure occurs and the last report Freeze frame data col umn contains specific information on vehicle speed engine speed temperature and many others in the event of a major accident Table 5 List FMI code from VCADS Pro Data from the user manual 26 Display Text Value to high 1 Value too low Incorrect data Electrical fault Electrical fault Data valid but above the normal working range Abnormally high voltage or short circuit to higher voltage Abnormally low voltage or short circuit to lower voltage 3 Electrical fault Abnormally low current or open circuit Mechanical fault Mechanical or electrical fault Communication fault Mechanical or electrical fault 11 Unknown fault Incorrect response from a mechanical system Abnormal frequency Abnormal update rate Abnormally strong vibrations Non identifiable fault 12 Component fault Faulty unit or component Incorrect calibration Unknown fault Unknown fault 5 Analysis of the results of the diagnosis On the basis of the 54 selected diagnostic reports in which there has been an error signal for the engine control have been developed tables that show the
6. Article citation info CHWIST M ZYCH M JAMROZIK A Error analysis of the engine control unit in trucks diagnosis Combustion Engines 2013 154 3 915 923 ISSN 0138 0346 Mariusz CHWIST PTNSS 2013 5C0C 170 Micha ZYCH Arkadiusz JAMROZIK Error analysis of the engine control unit in trucks diagnosis Abstract Today an effective control of the work a car is possible thanks to a diagnostic tester which works on OBDII EOBD systems In this paper functions of diagnostic devices for trucks were presented and we can see a servicing test with diagnostic computer system Damaged engine drivers were analyzed for example errors registered in service station Keywords On Board Diagnostic OBD heavy duty vehicles drive unit Analiza b d w sterownika silnika w diagnostyce pojazd w ci arowych Streszczenie Obecnie skuteczna kontrola pracy pojazdu samochodowego jest mo liwa dzi ki wykorzystaniu tester w diagnostycznych pracuj cych w oparciu o system OBD II EOBD W pracy przedstawiono funkcje diagnoskop w do pojazd w ci arowych oraz pokazano przebieg badania serwisowego z zastosowaniem komputerowego systemu diagnostycznego Poddano analizie wybrane awarie sterownika silnika na przyk adzie zarejestrowanych b d w w stacji obs ugi pojazd w S owa kluczowe system diagnostyki pok adowej OBD pojazdy ci arowe jednostka nap dowa 1 Introduction We have to register this parameter if we want to correct OBD II system
7. aper No 2008 01 1039 2008 Szwaja S Jamrozik A Analysis of combus tion knock in the SI engine Combustion En gines PTNSS 2009 SC 046 pp 128 135 2009 Cupiat K Szwaja S Producer gas combus tion in the internal combustion engine Com bustion Engines Nr 2 2010 s 27 32 8 Merkisz J Mazurek S Pok adowe systemy diagnostyczne pojazd w samochodowych WKL Warszawa 2002 Lotko W Praca zbiorowa pod redakcja Wy brane zagadnienia diagnostyki pojazd w Wydawnictwo Politechniki Radomskiej Ra dom 2009 Bogu P Grzeszczyk R Merkisz J Wrona A On board diagnostic system for vehicle state ssessment Combustion Engines vol 2011 SC2 PTNSS pp 41 48 2011 Merkisz J Mazurek S Pok adowe urz dze nia rejestruj ce w samochodach Wydawnic two Politechniki Pozna skiej Pozna 2007 Merkisz J Gis W Kotowski M Przyby a T Requirements for the OBD systems in he avy duty vehicles Combustion Engines 2007 SC3 117 pp 348 353 2007 Nizi ski S Diagnostyka samochod w oso bowych 1 ci arowych Dom Wydawniczy Bellona Warszawa 1999 Dziubi ski M Elektrocznicne uk ady pojaz d w samochodowych Wydawnictwo Na ukowe Gabriel Borowski Lublin 2003 Lotko W G rski K Orli ski S Longwic R Lotko A Laboratorium diagnostyki pojaz d w Wydawnictwo Politechniki Radomskiej Radom 2005 922 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 3
8. asic parameters of a powertrain Above all there are critical emission parameters they affect indirectly or directly the increasing emission from the exhaust system or fuel supply system The priority for OBD system is elimination of many on board systems measuring and diagnosing and re placing it with one universal and unified on board time to identify defect longer time to observa system Due to this system it is possible to control tion and diagnostic a drive unit and all vehicles A Eu Circuit OBD IVEOBD about which we talk use ropean counterpart of OBD or OBDII system is two types of codes 22 system EOBD European On Board Diagnostic type A errors that are responsible for increase in 11 21 exhaust gas toxic components and next causes turn Main assumptions of OBD II system are on control indicator immediately after error the necessity to inform the driver with MIL lamp type B also they cause increase in exhaust gas about the problems with emission of toxic compo toxic components but slower than in type A indica nents l tor is turning on when error will be twice time the necessity to equip vehicles with electronic If we want to turn off the lamp we will have to circuits which check if all the sensors combined delete error or delete error code in computer with the driver are correct errors are saved in memory but only we uses diagnostic device or turn memory ECU m i off power which supply dri
9. attractive education on ordered fields of study no UDA POKL 04 01 02 00 218 11 00 co funded by the European Union under the European Social Fund EOBD European On Board Diagnostic europejski system diagnostyki poktadowej 2 Szwaja S Jamrozik A Tutak W A Two Stage Combustion System for Burning Lean Gasoline Mixtures in a Stationary Spark Ig nited Engine Applied Energy 105 2013 pp 271 281 2013 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Tutak W Jamrozik A Gruca M CFD mod eling of thermal cycle of supercharged com pression ignition engine Journal of Kones Powertrain and Transport Vol 19 No 1 pp 465 472 2012 Jamrozik A Numerical Study of EGR Effects on the Combustion Process Parameters in HCCI Engines Combustion Engines 4 2011 147 pp 50 61 2011 Tutak W Jamrozik A The characteristic of spatial flow field in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion test engine Chem ical and Process Engineering Vol 33 No 3 pp 203 214 2011 Szwaja S Grab Rogali ski K Hydrogen combustion in a compression ignition diesel engine Int Journal of Hydrogen Energy 34 10 pp 4413 4421 2009 Szwaja S Naber J D Combustion of n butanol in a spark ignition IC engine Fuel 89 pp 1573 1582 2010 Nande A N Szwaja S Naber J D Impact of EGR on Combustion Processes in a Hydrogen Fuelled SI Engine SAE P
10. busie Drogi l dowe powietrzne wod ne nr 6 2009 15 s 73 76 2009 Kociszewski A Jamrozik A Tutak W So snowski M Badania trakcyjne samochodu z wykorzystaniem akcelerometru tensome trycznego Logistyka nr 2 2008 Jamrozik A Kociszewski A Tutak W So snowski M Pomiary przyspieszenia samo chodu z wykorzystaniem akcelerometru ten sometrycznego Logistyka nr 2 2008 Cupia K Grzelka J Jamrozik A Rejestra tor cyfrowy GPS w logistyce transportu miej skiego Logistyka nr 3 2007 Grzelka J Jamrozik A Kociszewski A The GPS system as a device for recording road traffic incidents Computer Systems Aided Science and Engineering Work in Transport Mechanics and Electrical Engineering 151 158 Monograph No 122 Radom 2008 Grzelka J Cupia K Jamrozik A Sosnowski M GPS digital recorder applica tion in municipal transport service vehicle 36 http www europarl europa eu news en pressroom content 20121116IPR55754 html Upgraded type approval rules for motorbikes route optimization Mi dzynarodowa Konferencja Naukowa Transport XXI wieku tom I pp 231 239 2007 Mr Chwist Mariusz Student in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science of Cz stochowa University of Technolo SJ Chwist Mariusz student na Wydziale In ynierii Mechanicznej i Informatyki Politechniki Cz stochowskiej Mr Jamrozik Arkadiusz DEng Doctor in the Faculty of Mechanical Engin
11. ction system regu lation of dosing AdBlue exhaust gas analysis CPU Central on board computer Equipment Stoneridge EBS 5 Electronic braking system KNORR ECAS2 Electronically controlled air suspen sion Wabco System DENOX AdBlue Bosch 916 Maintaining optimal Airtronic D2 D4 thermal conditions in the cargo compart ments and cabins The trucks are placed unusual systems in cars such as digital tachograph system which is re quired by law and should be installed in any truck with a total weight exceeding 3 5T This system is connected to the PC board and supervised If you detach it or exchange a communication error is signaled from the tachograph Tachograph addition every year is controlled and calibrated Selective catalytic reduction AdBlue also occurs mainly in trucks it is connected to the on board diagnostic system and is designed to urea dosing to optimize exhaust gas purification from nitrogen oxides The braking system although present in both passenger vehicles and trucks is structurally different in both cases In truck system it 1s responsible for more wheels There are air brakes often electrically oper ated In addition to these are correct synchroniza tion brakes on the tractor and trailer The long brak ing lorry traditional brakes overheat so additional retarder is installed the electric retarder or hydro kinetic which is also controlled by the on board computer Anoth
12. eering and Computer Science of Cz stochowa University of Technolo 8y Dr in Jamrozik Arkadiusz adiunkt na Wydziale In ynierii Mechanicznej i Informatyki Politechniki Cz stochow skiej ax AM a 923 Mr Zych Micha Student in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science of Cz stochowa University of Technolo 8y Zych Micha student na Wydziale In ynierii Mechanicznej i Informatyki Politechniki Cz stochowskiej
13. er system that is unique in cars the semi protection system against theft Start driving is possible only when you connect the trailer to the tractor and after entering deprotecting brakes code Electrical system is also different in terms of pow er used in passenger vehicles is 12V and 24V trucks the whole apparatus solenoids relays elec tric motors lighting is different in structure 3 Heavy Duty vehicle diagnostics The diagnostic process consists of several stag es The first is to connect diagnoscope to your vehi cle s computer Before you start the connection select the device for the diagnosis depending on the vehicle make for example MAN diagnoscope MAN cats II VOLVO analyzer VCADS Pro DAF DAVIE tester It is very important that different manufacturers use changes to the protocol or type of plug connector After selecting the device go to select the appropriate connector It is also not a simple task For example VOLVO we are dealing OBD 9 REL MAN i Ney m with several types of connectors that are designed for vehicles manufactured in different years Fig 2 OBD 6 6 6 AZ z e A gt P6 RS 485 PICRS 485 Poth Fig 2 Connectors for diagnosis in automobiles VOLVO with a description of pins on the left 9 pin plug de signed for vehicles manufactured after 1999 the right 6 pin to vehicles manufactured before 1999 23 Figure 3 shows the connector for diagnostic tes
14. mer rzeczowy MAN 51 25803 564 94 Ci nienie zasilania paliwa Sporadyczny b d 126x Wyst pi 190 Pr dko obrotowa 1 206 000 1 min A FMI 1 zbyt wysoki 1 Priorytet 2 Przebieg 330 976 B d krytyczny dla dzia ania 94 Ci nienie zasilania paliwa 65 600 mBar Fig 5 Example of engine controller error from rapport MAN cats II Data from the user manual 24 918 The Protocols of diagnosis carried out in the VCADS Pro Volvo vehicles as in the previously described reports contained details of a vehicle and below error codes are summarized in the table be low Examples of two lines are shown in table 4 Table 4 Part from the report VCADS Pro Data from the user manual 23 MID PID PPID SID PSID FMI MID PID 98 The oil level FMI5 Current below inactive 62 128 in the engine normal or open cir ECU cuit MID PID 111 The coolant FMI 1 Data 128 level important below ECU normal operating range The first column lists the control modules MID Message Identification Descriptions The second column shows the mistakes that have been signaled Types of information PID Parameter Identifica tion Description PPID Proprietary Parameter Identifications Descriptions Volvo SID Identifica tion Subsystem Description PSI Proprietary Sub system Identification Description Volvo FMI Failure Mode Identifier 26 Description FMI Number of First Last Freeze occurrences frame data
15. nals FMI Failure Mode Identifiers numbered as shown in table 2 A specify form of signal can in form about the type of damage that may have oc curred and which part to draw attention to Table 2 Types of errors due to their form in the diagnostic MAN cats II 24 a Graphic unspecified error 1 value to high FMI Code value to low 2 unintelligible signal short circuit to ground i 7 somerr 4 KE wrong signal KE device error 7 cece Depending on the frequency of errors in the MAN cats II symbols are used Table 3 Activity types of errors 24 Descriptions Occasional error Graphic Saved error Active error Occasional error occurs at different times of ve hicle unspecified Saved error is an error that has occurred and is inactive Active fault is one that is permanent since its first application It is possible that errors change state for example the sporadic into the active or vice versa 25 Example of an error that is indicated by the EDC MAN cats II Error Number 94 shown in Figure 5 It is a sporadic error that occurred 126 times is associated with an increased pressure fuel supply This is a fatal error for the action certainly was signaled on the dashboard of the vehicle through the activation of the CHECK ENGINE lights The value of the fuel pressure is 85 6 mbar at engine speed of 1206 RPM This value is too high due to eg clogged fuel filter EDC 7C32 Bosch Nu
16. ter for various brands of trucks Often the num ber of pins is larger than required by the transmis IVECO 30 PIN IVECO 30 IVECO 38 PIN IVECO 38 OBD 6 OBD 9 mm sion they are reserve pins for example adapter 16 pins uses only 8 pins the other eight are empty SCANIA DAF 16 PIN 0BD 16 WIT 3 VOLVO 8 VOLVO 8 PIN Fig 3 Examples of diagnostic tester adapters for trucks In Europe from I January 2001 all models sold petrol engine cars must be fitted with an EOBD and it includes a standardized diagnostic connector 16 pin connector Diesel trucks are subject to re strictions from January 1 2006 22 Fig 4 Standardized 16 pin connector on boarding diagnostic EOBD 11 23 26 Once connected to the vehicle an external com puter runs PC applications and usually will auto matically exchange data on the general information of the vehicle In older trucks is not always con nected to a computer so we have to manually key data such as vehicle type year of manufacture in order to direct the program to the correct type of transmission In the computer we are able to make a diagnosis removal and review the errors re certain parameters control modules There are errors that affect the state of the vehicle and the major bands are indelible By using it it is possible to trace the history of vehicle breakdowns and diagnostics Authorized services check them for the recognition of warran
17. ty or cover the costs of repair and re placement of the system by the user 28 Vehicle diagnosis can be carried out for all the drivers automatic settings or for selected modules as de fined by the diagnostician manual settings EOBD systems have very similar features and differ mostly only the user interface 4 Examples of truck diagnostics reports After completing a diagnostic test the report is saved in the computer memory It is used among other things as a confirmation to the customer that there is a specific breakdown Also used by diag nosticians to determine a plan of action which it must perform a mechanic as well as to create a repair history of the vehicle The report of the diagnostic system MAN cats II is made up of several components 24 first there are details of a vehicle chassis number mileage and information about the test time the second part presents the controls units lists the identification number as defined by the manufacturer and the number of entries and the type of failure priorities Severity is described in a scale of 1 5 and using the symbol Where 1 means fatal error 2 a seri ous error 3 warning 4 tip 5 a statement undefined error Below in the report errors are de scribed that occurred during the diagnosis divided according to the control devices Error for a specific system depending on the type of damage can generate various forms of incorrect sig
18. type of failure and the number of Table 6 shows the failures that occurred in vehicles from MAN Calibration values outside limits Special instructions Reserved for future use concerns the 30 reports Table 7 presents the re sults of vehicle diagnostics by means of the Volvo VCADS Pro performed 24 diagnostic tests Table 6 The failure of vehicles MAN Number of occurrences Rail pressure Leakage due to the 7 compensation amount Abnormal oil pressure sensor Pressure fuel supply Location of the exhaust gas dis charge valve Type of damage Determination of atmospheric pressure Exhaust gas temperature sensor Pressure at the pump The oxygen sensor Battery voltage CAN data bus the message of mileage out of the tachograph In lorries errors that are encountered are also found in passenger vehicles as part of the sensors and is used in both categories of cars Errors that occur only in the trucks are associated with systems encountered only in the truck eg listed in table 6 tachograph communication error or error monitor ing NOx sensor AdBlue system table 7 Table 7 Data from the system VCADS Pro for truck VOLVO occurrences Sensor injection phase The drainage valve in the fuel Data collected in a vehicle service station in clude more reports but there were no failures in one of the control ECU so they were not taken into account The engine management system have small share in
19. vehicle breakdown The engine sys tem errors usually generate warning 6 Damage control units Modern vehicle must be safe The car must comply with required emissions standards and to the econ omy so in the cars more and more electronic con trol and monitoring systems eg ABS EGR ECU are installed 27 Increase number of control unit so grows the number of failures Short circuit has sometimes devastating effects on electronic compo nents mounted on the board can overheat section shown in figure 6 Fig 6 On the left damaged part on board control ler to the right view of plate after cleaning Fig 7 Damage hidden under the a mass to prevent vibration 920 Large components are embedded in silicone to prevent vibration so that there was no detachment from the plate and only after the removal of the silicon defect is revealed Fig Another case of damage can be blown paths on the controller board formed when the controller gets inside the water corrosive agent or comes out of the capacitor elec trolyte Fig 8 Fig 8 Destroyed path on the controller board 7 Conclusion Introduced OBD II system has many ad vantages because in real time it supervises the proper operation of the main systems of a motor vehicle The lorry process monitoring and control is particularly complex The main advantages of the system are monitoring and control of vehicle drive system control of emissions of
20. ver the collection of information which is saved in the driver with a possibility to read it 915 Standard of error codes read Controlling element and emission circuits t Continuous information about defects increasing emission by xl 5 gt Tasks OBD H system Normalization of saving error defect read J saving the characteristics of engine when the defect occurred Protection of emission elements against defect Fig 1 Tasks OBD II system 11 2 Control devices in heavy duty vehicles Monitoring and control of the truck to work properly is a process more complex than in the case of a passenger car Truck manufacturers equip their vehicles with different types of equipment and systems not found in passenger cars To illustrate the complexity of the control system by truck in Table 1 these are examples of control systems and their job Table 1 Examples of control systems and their job control 7C32 Bosch operation control unit automatic gearbox The control device internal and external vehicle lights dash board Digital tachograph system an analysis of speed data storage on the driver Brake pads wear con trol brake pressure control ABS Anti Lock Braking System ESC Electronic Stabil ity Control Electronic control sus pension system level control reducing the amount of suspension kneeling signaling a dangerous tilt Selective catalytic redu
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search