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HP 3455A Digital Multimeter

1. Crest Factor 7 1 at full scale Input Characteristics Input Impedance Front Terminals 2MQ 1 shunted by less than 105pF Rear Terminals 2MQ 1 shunted by less than 90pF Maximum Input Voltage High to Low Terminals 1414 volts peak Subject to a 107 volt Hz limitation Guard to Chassis 500V peak Guard to Low Terminal 200V peak Maximum Reading Rate 60Hz Gate Length 50Hz Gate Length ACV FAST ACV ACV FAST ACV 1 3 readings sec 4 5 readings sec 1 1 readings sec 3 5 readings sec 1 3 readings sec 13 readings sec 1 1 readings sec 12 readings sec Response Time ACV and FAST ACV First reading to lt 0 1 of step size when triggered coinci dent with step change when on correct range for AC signals with no DC component Model 3455A Model 3455A Section I Table 1 1 Specifications Cont d AC Voltage Average Converter Opt 001 Maximum Ranges Display High Resolution High Resolution On or Off On or Off 1V 1 49999V 10V 14 9999V 100V 149 999V 1000V 1000 00V Range Selection Manual Automatic or Remote Function Selection ACV or Fast ACV Performance Temperature Coefficient 0 C to 50 C 0 002 of reading 2 digits C Accuracy of reading digits or of range FAST ACV 300Hz 500Hz 500Hz 1kHz 1kHz 100kHz 100kHz 250kHz ACV 30Hz 50Hz 50Hz 10QHz 100Hz 100kHz 100kHz 250kHz 24 bre 23 C 1 C 0 47 70 dig 0 09 25 dig 0 70 60 dig 07 05
2. SAFETY SYMBOLS General Definitions of Safety Symbols Used On Equipment or In Manuals Instruction manual symbol the product will be marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instruction manual in order to protect against damage to the instrument Indicates dangerous voltage terminals fed from the interior by voltage exceeding 1000 volts must be so marked Protective conductor terminal For protection against electrical shock in case of a fault Used with field wiring terminals to in dicate the terminal which must be connected to ground before operating equipment Low noise or noiseless clean ground earth terminal Used for a signal common as well as providing protection against electrical shock in case of a fault A terminal marked with this symbol must be connected to ground in the manner described in the installation operating manual and before operating the equipment Frame or chassis terminal A connection to the frame chassis of the equipment which normally includes all exposed metal struc tures Alternating current power line Direct current power line Alternating or direct current power line The WARNING sign denotes a hazard It calls attention to a pro cedure practice condition or the like which if not correctly per formed or adhered to could result in injury or death to personnel The CAUTION sign denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operati
3. Section 4 digits 4 digits 5 digits 4 digits 4 digits 5 digits 5 digits 6 digits 5 digits 5 digits 6 digits 6 digits 7 digits 6 digits 6 digits 7 digits 7 digits 8 digits 7 digits 7 digits lt 5 volts for open circuit lt 4 7 volts for valid reading Signal Source Driving Unknown Nominal 0 1k 1k 2 8 10k92 ranges unta o e K 100k0 1000k 8 10 000k 2 ranges mg gt om Overload Protection Non Destructive 350V peak Maximum Reading Rate Runknown Svon 60Hz Gate Length High High Resolution Resolution Off On 12 readings sec 3 readings sec 50Hz Gate Length High High Resolution Resolution Off On 4 readings sec 1 8 readings sec 11 readings sec 2 5 readings sec Local Remote Local Remote Section I 1 4 Table 1 1 Specifications Cont d AC Voltage RMS converter Maximum Ranges Display High Resolution High Resolution On or Off On or Off 1V 1 49999V 10V 14 9999V 100V 149 999V 1000V 1000 00V Range Selection Manual Automatic or Remote Function Selection ACV or Fast ACV Performance Temperature Coefficient 0 C to 50 C for inputs lt 50kHz AC coupled input gt 1 of full scale 0 002 of reading 2 digits C AC coupled input lt 1 of full scale 0 002 of reading 6 digits C AC DC coupled 0 002 of reading 6 digits C Accuracy o
4. where x total measured resistance including R R lead resistance d Limit Testing The Scale mode of the 3455A can also be used to do Limit Testing This can be ac complished since the largest number which can be displayed is 200 000 and the smallest number is 200 00 If the magnitude of the display exceeds 200 000 either a LL or a LL is displayed Therefore the y and z constants must be chosen so that when x the reading is equal to the upper limit the display is 200 000 and when x is equal to the lower limit the display is 200 000 This can be ac complished as follows When x the Lower Limit the DISPLAY should 200 000 When x the Upper Limit the DISPLAY should 200 000 therefore 200 000 Lower Limit z y and 200 000 Upper Limit z y 3 3 Section IH This leaves two equations to solve for the unknown y and z constants The two constants can be found the following way 200 000 y _ Lower Limit z 200 000 y Upper Limit z 0 Lower Limit Upper Limit 2Z add these two equations Upper Limit Lower Limit 2 Upper Limit z y therefore z 200 000 200 000 y Upper Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit 2 Upper Limit Lower Limit 2 Upper Limit Lower Limit 400 000 and y The following is an example of how to use this math technique In this example a
5. 1 8 Instrument identification by serial number is located on the rear panel Hewlett Packard uses a two section serial number consisting of a four digit prefix and a five digit suffix separated by a letter designating the country in which the instrument was manufactured A U S A G West Germany J Japan U United Kingdom The prefix is the same for all identical instruments and changes only when a major instrument change is made The suffix however is assigned sequentially and is unique to each instrument A 1 9 This manual applies to instruments with serial num bers indicated on the title page If changes have been made in the instrument since this manual was printed a yellow Manual Changes supplement supplied with the manual will define these changes and explain how to adapt the manual to the newer instruments In addition backdating information contained in Section VII adapts the manual to instruments with serial numbers lower than those listed on the title page 1 10 Part numbers for the manual and the microfiche copy of the manual are also listed on the title page 1 11 DESCRIPTION 1 12 The Model 3455A Digital Voltmeter makes ac volt age measurements with five digit resolution and dc voltage and resistance measurements with 5 or 6 digit resolution as programmed by the user The 3455A employs an automatic calibration AUTO CAL feature which automatically cor rects for possible gain and offset errors in
6. HEWLETT PACKARD HP 3455A Voltmeter Esa Operating Manual M CA MANUAL CHANGES hp MODEL 3455A DIGITAL VOLTMETER Manual Part Number 03455 90013 CHANGE NO 1 Applies to Serial Prefix 2519 and Above Title Page Add the following caution to the title page Your instrument may have either metric or English hardware 00 NOT intermix the different hardware or damage to the instrument may result Follow the cau tions in the manual that pertain to the different hard ware Contact your local HP Office if more informa tion is needed Section 1 Paragraph 1 14 Change the paragraph to the following 1 14 The following options are available for the use of the Model 3455A Option 001 Average Responding AC Converter Option 907 Front Handle Kit For Serial Prefix 1622 and below use HP P N 5061 0088 For Serial Prefix 2519 and above use HP P N 5061 9688 Option 908 Rack Mounting Kit For Serial Prefix 1622 and below use HP P N 5061 0074 For Serial Prefix 2519 and above use HP P N 5061 9674 Option 909 Front Handle Kit and Rack Mounting Kit For Serial Prefix 1622 and below use HP P N 5061 0075 For Serial Prefix 2519 and above use HP P N 5061 9675 Option 910 Additional Set of Operating Information and Operating and Service Manuals Your instrument may have either metric or English hardware 00 NOT intermix the different hardware or damage to the instrument s frame and cabinet may r
7. Y and Z ENTER keys have two func tions When one of the enter keys is pressed the number presently stored in the respective memory register is displayed on the front panel readout This allows the operator to check the contents of the Y or Z memory registers Pressing the enter key also shifts the front panel keyboard disabling all keys except those labeled in blue These keys can now be used to enter the desired values to be stored in the Y or Z memory registers As the value is entered it is displayed on the front panel readout Numerical values from 000000 to or 199 999 9 may be entered in either the Y or Z registers 3 25 The STORE keys are used to transfer the number presently being displayed in the Y or Z memory registers and to return the voltmeter to normal opera tion 3 26 The following describes how the ENTER and STORE features may be used a To view the value presently in memory press the ENTER key of the appropriate register ENTER Y or ENTER Z To return this number to memory press the STORE key of the appropriate register b To enter a new number press the ENTER key of the register to receive the number Enter the desired number into the display by pressing the keys labeled in blue Store the number entered by pressing the STORE key of the appropriate register c To enter a measurement value presently being displayed press the STORE key of
8. 3 7 2 14 Bench US ooo ooommooooooo 2 1 3 56 Program CodesS oooo oo m o 3 8 2 16 Rack Mounting 2 2 3 61 Data Messages oooooommoommo 3 9 2 18 Interface Connections 2 2 3 69 Device Control Messages 3 12 2 22 Environmental Requirements 2 2 3 78 Interrupt and Device Status __ 2 23 Operating and Storage Temperature 2 2 Messages scr rd Z 2 2 26 Humidity o ooooooo 2 3 3 82 Data Output Characteristic 3 13 2 28 Altitude 0 cc cece eee 2 3 3 84 Bail Out Message 3 13 2 30 Repackaging for Shipment 2 3 3 86 Instrument Measurement Times Remote Control 3 13 3 88 Remote Programming Examples 3 14 Section Page 3 90 Operators ChecksS 1 3 14 HI OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 1 3 92 Bench Us ooooooooomo 3 14 3 1 Introduction oo ooooooo 3 1 3 94 HP IB Operation aio 3 14 APPENDIX Page A 1 Introduction oooocoomommomom oo A 1 A 4 Program Example Hl A 1 A S Program Example H 2 A 2 LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Table Page Figure Page 1 1 Specifications oo oooooooommomo o 1 2 2 1 Line Voltage Selection oo 2 1 1 2 Typical Operating Characteristics 1 4 2 2 Power Cord Configuration 2 1 1
9. Auto Cal ON High Resolution ON Auto Cal OFF High Resolution ON Auto Cal ON Normal AC Volts Auto Cat ON or OFF Fast AC Volts Auto Cal ON or OFF 3455A Triggered at this time 3 14 p a ha A T fi t3 22 msec se 15 5 msec for 100 and 1000 V Ranges 162 msec EAEE E TEE J 4 msec mse 48 msec 60Hz 550 usec per character output usage consists of 50 Hz plus the response time of 15 characters Ohms High Resolution OFF _60Hz Controller Auto Cal OFF Sore Vemsee so meee High Resolution OFF _60 Hz Auto Cal ON sone E msec High Resolution ON f 60 Hz 17 msec Auto Cal OFF MELO 22 meee 330 meae High Resolution ON _6Q0 Hz i7msec 280msee Auto Cal ON 22mswc 330msec_ 42msec__ B30msec 2 mses 57msec 14 msee 64 msec __ 35msec 700msec 12 5 ms for 1 V to 10V Ranges 750 msec per character plus the response time of the controller the 3455A 12 msec ail Ranges Note Time t3 should be used for each range being measured when the 3455A is in the Auto range mode see Paragraph 3 38 NZ Model 3455A Section III Connect Short Across INPUT Terminals Address 3455A to listen Send Program Codes F6 R7 Address 3455A to talk Read Measurement Data Print TEST Function Error Address 3455A to listen Send Program Code F4 Address 3455A to talk Read Me
10. If the dummy calculation fails the answer of the dummy calculation will be the output 9 998 or 10 002 etc If any auto cal constants fail the 3455A will not output any readings times out NOTE The self test feature does not test operation of the ohms or ac sections nor the measure ment accuracy of the 3455A 3 10 DC Voltage Measurement 3 11 The Model 3455A measures dc voltage from 1 microvolt to 1000 volts in five ranges extending from 1 Line Frequency Selection Switch must be set to corres pond to the power line frequency 50 Hz or 60 Hz Reference Module EXTERNAL TRIGGER Input Connector HP 18 Address Selection Switch refer to Paragraph 3 53 Cooling Fan Power Line Voltage Selection Switches refer to Para graph 2 8 Fuse 90 V to 126 V 0 5 amp 198 V to 252 V 0 25 amp AC Power Connector e HP 1B is Hewlett Packard s implementation of IEEE Std 488 1975 Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation Figure 3 1 Front and Rear Panel Features Cont d 3 1 Ae ten Section HI 4 WIRE MEASUREMENT QSIGNAL INPUT 4 WIRE 2 WIRE GUARD Model 3455A 2 WIRE MEASUREMENT INPUT 2 WIRE QSIGNAL GUARD 4 WIRE SIGNAL CURRENT 3455 8 4667 Figure 3 2 Ohmmeter Measurement Connections volt full scale to 1000 volts full scale Measurement results are presented in 5 1 2 digits during normal operation
11. of reading 1 digit 0 006 of reading 1 digit 0 007 of reading 4 digits 0 007 of reading 1 digit 0 008 of reading 1 digit 0 009 of reading 1 digit 0 010 of reading 5 digits 0 010 of reading 1 digit 0 013 of reading 1 digit 0 014 of reading 1 digit 0 015 of reading 6 digits 0 015 of reading 1 digit Performance High Resolution On Temperature Coefficient 0 C to 50 C 1V range 0 0003 of reading 0 15 digits C 10V range 0 00015 of reading 0 1 digits C 100 amp 1000V range 0 0003 of reading 0 1 digits C 24 hours 23 C 1 C 10V range 100 amp 1000V range 1V range 90 days 23 C 5 C 10V range 100 amp 1000V range 1V range 6 months 23 C 5 C 10V range 100 amp 1000V range 1V range 1 year 23 C 5 C 10V range 100 amp 1000V range 1V range Input Characteristics Input Resistance Model 3455A Accuracy l digit 001 of range 0 002 of reading 3 digits 0 004 of reading 3 digits 0 003 of reading 4 digits 0 005 of reading 3 digits 0 007 of reading 3 digits 0 006 of reading 4 digits 0 008 of reading 3 digits 0 010 of reading 3 digits 0 009 of reading 5 digits 0 013 of reading 3 digits 0 015 of reading 3 digits 0 014 of reading 6 digits 0 1V through 10V range gt 10 ohms 100V and 1000V range 10
12. 0 008 of reading 0 005 of reading 0 015 of reading 0 100 of reading 7 digits 2 digits 3 digits 4 digits 6 digits 6 digits Performance High Resolution On Temperature Coefficient 0 C to 50 C 1 10 and 100k range 1000k1 range 10 000k22 range 0 0003 of reading 0 2 digits C 0 0005 of reading 0 2 digits C 0 004 of reading 0 2 digits C Accuracy 4 wire k ohms 24 hours 23 C 1 C 1kQ range 10k range 100kQ range 1000k range 10 000kN range 90 days 23 C 5 C 1kQ range 10k2 range 100kQ range 1000k range 10 000k range 6 months 23 C 5 C 1k range 10k range 100k range 1000k range 10 000k2 range 1 year 23 C 5 C 1kQ range 10k range 100k2 range 1000k2 range 10 000k range 0 0025 of reading 0 0045 of reading 0 0020 of reading 0 0120 of reading 0 1000 of reading 0 0035 of reading 0 0060 of reading 0 0035 of reading 0 0135 of reading 0 1000 of reading 0 0040 of reading 0 0065 of reading 0 0040 of reading 0 0140 of reading 0 1000 of reading 0 0045 of reading 0 0070 of reading 0 0045 of reading 0 0145 of reading 0 1000 of reading Accuracy 2 wire k ohms All accuracy specifications are the same as 4 wire k ohms ex cept add 0 0004k2 to all readings Input Characteristics i Maximum voltage generated across unknown
13. 025 90 days 23 C 5 C 0 50 70 dig 0 35 50dig 0 1 25 dig 0 75 60 dig 1 07 06 03 07 1 yr 23 C 5 C 0 50 70 dig 0 40 70 dig 0 12 35 dig 0 75 80 dig Guard must be connected to Low On the 1000V range add 0 01 ppm volt kHz Specifications are for input levels above 1 100th of range Frequencies greater than 100k Hz specified on 1 and 10V ranges only Accuracy is not specified if the voli hertz product exceeds 10 Input Characteristics Input Impedance Front Terminals 2MN 1 shunted by less than 105pF Rear Terminals 2MN 1 shunted by less than 90pF Maximum Input Voltage High to Low Terminals 1414 volts peak Subject to a 107 volt Hz limitation Guard to Chassis 500V peak Guard to Low Terminal 200V peak Maximum Reading Rate 60Hz Gate Length 50Hz Gate Length acy O asray Loc Remote Response Time ACV and FAST ACV First reading to lt 0 1 of step size when triggered coinci dent with step change when on correct range 0 for AC signals with no DC component Section I Model 3455A Table 1 1 Specifications Cont d Math Scale x2 Error 351 x 100 X is present reading Y and Z are previously entered read X is present reading Y is a previously entered reading or ings numbers entered from the front panel or values entered number entered from the front panel or by external program by external program Maximum Number Enter
14. 2 wire k ohms or 4 wire k ohms Performance High Resolution Off Temperature Coefficient 0 C to 50 C 0 1kQ range 0 0003 of reading 0 2 digits C 1 10 and 100k range 0 0003 of reading 0 02 1000kN range 0 0005 of reading 0 02 digits C digits C 10 000k2 range 0 004 of reading 0 02 Accuracy 4 wire k ohms l digit 24 hours 23 C 1 C 0 1k0 range 1kQ range 10k42 range 100k brange 1000k9 range 10 000k 1 range 90 days 23 C 5 C 0 1k2 range 1kQ range 10k range 100k range 1000k12 range 10 000kN range 6 months 23 C 5 C 0 1kQ range 1k range 10k range 100k2 range 1000kN range 10 000k range 1 year 23 C 5 C 0 1k0 range 1k range 10kQ range 100k range 1000k range 10 000kN range digits C 001 of range 0 003 of reading 4 digits 0 003 of reading 1 digit 0 005 of reading 2 digits 0 002 of reading 2 digits 0 012 of reading 5 digits 0 1 of reading 5 digits 0 005 of reading 0 005 of reading 0 007 of reading 0 004 of reading 0 014 of reading 0 100 of reading 5 digits 1 digit 2 digits 2 digits 5 digits 5 digits 0 005 of reading 0 005 of reading 0 007 of reading 0 004 of reading 0 014 of reading 0 100 of reading 6 digits 1 digit 2 digits 3 digits 5 digits 5 digits 0 006 of reading 0 006 of reading
15. 852 5 ohm 1 kilohm 5 9 ohms 25 This number is divided by 1000 since the Section IH 3455A measurement results are expressed in kilohm and is entered in the z register to remove the offset at 0 C The measurement result of the 3455A is scaled to read directly in degrees centigrade by solving the equa tion for the value of y This is done where the results of the equation are equal to 25 C since the sensor resistance is specified at that temperature The scale equation becomes x z _1K 8525K _ 1475 K Py y y 1475 K _ 0059 with this number 25 entered in the y register the 3455A measurement result will be presented directly in C solving for y y c Accurate 2 Wire Ohm Measurement When trying to make an accurate 2 wire ohm measurement the input lead resistance and the internal resistance of the 3455A should be subtracted out from the reading This is done by setting the instrument to the desired range and short the input leads at the measuring point Store a 1 in y and store the input lead resistance reading in z Open the input leads and connect the unknown resistor to the leads With the 3455A set in the Scale mode the value of the unknown resistor is displayed without the input lead resistance Since a 1 is stored in y and the lead resistance R is stored in z the scale equation becomes i D a iD unknown resistance in ohms _
16. CHANGE NO 4 Applies to Serial Number 2591416021 and Above To increase turn on reliability a circuit modification has been made which will cause the 3455A to take 4 7 seconds to turn on Il I Iil Il Iil ll Supplement A for 03455 90013 3455 90013 6 October 1986 L HEWLETT PACKARD OPERATING INFORMATION MODEL 3455A DIGITAL VOLTMETER Serial Numbers 1622A00101 and Greater NOTICE This Manual is a duplication of sections I through IIl of your Operating and Service Manual Keep With Instrument To help minimize the possibility of electrical fire or shock hazards do not expose this instrument to rain or excessive moisture Manual Part No 03455 90013 Microfiche Part No 03455 90063 RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subdivision b 3 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at 2 227 7013 Hewlett Packard Company 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto California 94304 Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 1976 P O Box 301 Loveland Colorado 80537 U S A N Printed November 1979 Model 3455A Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page I GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 3 3 Operating Characteristics 3 1 1 1 Introduction oo oooooo 1 1 3 4 Turn On and Warm Up 3 1 1 5 Specifications o ooo
17. SS te ae re des 2 E a o 2 La 2 gt o o lt la m 3 fi ER h y js a pb q e pd pl e ps af KA Format the Output dota 1i ______ ig 11 egin For Next Loop a As AA Complete For Next Loop Es E ls the Default Printer S ee a eg ena Value in Variable pt E De o the DVM set to turn on state SDC a Default Printer 3 Spaces nds the Program Model 3455A Model 3455A Appendix A Example 2 Enhanced Basic A ae R Option Base for Array see Note GFTIOH BASE 4 or ate A the Array DIH Anelitudeci o Use Variable for DVM Address mS tat Thay Fee me Ne gh ree A a went a Store 20 into Y and 69100 into Z Redi sue QUTPUT Deni EYCASYEZS 6391 003523 1mo n 9 an into egisters of DVM IMAGE 1230 _ _ 2 AN Format the Output Statement LE AA fad ee bet i ity ra NE OUTPUT Dum USING das F 1 TAaTSHaAM 1 RAHA Set DVM to DCV F1 Hold Manual T3 High Resolution GE ENTER HuniEinaryk a HO Scale M1 10 V Range R3 and Binary Program Fa QUTPUT Tias FSM SR is 53 ae Binary Characters into String Set DVM to ACV F3 Math Off M1 and Autorange R7 FOR Drees TRIGGER Tia ENTE E TunsAnelditude Indesx Begin For Next Loop peder so the DVM GET ore rot iar FOR J 1 TO S6 Enter Output of DVM into Variable i lA po to e pe pl pe plo po a pl o i ST EX a ae i fat pi pet me T i vg mm Sr i ter
18. TEST 4 WIRE KQ 2 WIRE k FAST ACV ACV DCV i i Section HI 3455A To read control status wit 722 B Address the 3455A to Listen Set the 3455A to the BINARY PROGRAM mode Since normally four data bytes are used in Binary pro gramming the 3455A may indicate an SRQ condition i when only a B is sent red 722 Address the 3455A to talk 4 The 3455A after receiving the talk command will out put the front panel control status codes 4 bytes As an example if the front panel controls were in the turn on state the 3455A would output the following codes N Z DC Volts FUNCTION MATH OFF AUTO CAL ON AUTO RANGE ON HIGH RESOLUTION OFF INTERNAL TRIGGER 1 Volt RANGE depends on input applied To program front panel controls wit 722 B Address the 3455A to j Desired program listen codes see Table 3 5 Set 3455A to BINARY PROGRAM mode 3 68 Measurement Data Measurement data is output by the 3455A in the following general format OUTPUT FORMAT D DDDDDDE DD CRLF Polarity of measurement does not apply to ACV or OHM measurements Terminates message Measurement reading expressed in scientific notation This format is printed in the lower left corner of the 3455A front panel for convenience The following is an example of a data message output by the 3455A 3 11 Section I
19. from the controller These messages are composed of two parts the ad dress command and the program information The ad dress command contains the talk and listen ad dresses of the devices involved in this case the talk ad dress of the controller and the listen address of the 3455A The program information contains the codes of the 3455A controls to be programmed Syntax of the ad dress command portion of the data message is depen dent upon the controller being used For the proper syn tax refer to the controller manual Syntax for the pro gram information portion consists of the program codes listed in Table 3 4 Example program data messages Address 3455A Program ee seen Rte CMD 2 U6 2U6 FI R3 EL R3 AO HI M3 TP HI M3 T3 output to HOLD the bus prei unlisten TRIGGER command MATH off controller talk address a RESOLUTION 3455A Li t dd ISLET ae AUTO CAL off 10 V RANGE DC Volts FUNCTION Program data message using the 9830A Calculator 3 9 Section HI Address 3455A Program Command Information P N A eo rt 722 Fl R3 AQ H1 M3 T3 3455A listen address decimal equivalent output to the bus includes the unlisten command and calculator talk address Program data message using the 9825A Calculator 3 64 Entering MATH Constants Y and Z from the Bus The following data message illustrates the program informa tion necessary
20. is in the Auto Range mode If the instrument is not on the optimum range a reading is taken and the 3455A will either uprange or downrange Another reading is then taken and if the optimum range has been found the reading will be displayed If not the instru ment continues to uprange or downrange A reading is taken on all intermediate non optimum ranges until the correct range is found The measurement time on each range should be added to the total measurement time 3 41 GUARDING 3 42 Common Mode Voltages 3 43 Common mode voltages are those which are generated between the power line ground point of the source and the LO input and power line ground point of the 3455A Currents caused by common mode voltage can be included in the measurement circuit causing measurement errors 3 44 Guard Connection 3 45 Figure 3 3 illustrates three methods of connecting the 3455A Guard terminal to reduce errors caused by common mode voltages In example A Guard is at nearly the same potential as the LO measurement ter minal so that currents caused by common mode voltage flows through Guard and not the measurement circuit In example B the 3455A guard switch is closed connec ting guard to the LO input terminal This allows common mode current to flow through lead resistance Ry causing some measurement error This connection may be used if common mode voltages are not expected to be a problem Example C is similar to A with the ex ception
21. megohm 0 1 with Auto Cal OFF Maximum Input Voltage High to Low Input Terminals 1000V peak Guard to Chassis 500V peak Guard to Low Terminal 200V peak the reading Normal Mode Rejection NMR NMR is the ratio of the peak normal mode voltage to the peak error voltage in 50 Hz operation gt 60 dB at 50 Hz 0 1 60 Hz operation gt 60 dB at 60 Hz 0 1 Effective Common Mode Rejection ECMR ECMR is the ratio of the peak common mode voltage to the resultant peak error voltage in the reading with 1 kQ un balance in low lead AC Input 50 Hz operation gt 160 dB at 50 Hz 0 1 60 Hz operation gt 160 dB at 60 Hz 0 1 DC Input gt 140 dB Maximum Reading Rate 60Hz Gate Length High High Resolution Resolution Off On Local 3 readings sec Remote 24 readings sec 6 readings sec SOHz Gate Length High High Resolution Resolution Off On 3 5 readings sec 2 5 readings sec 22 readings sec 5 readings sec Model 3455A Ranges High Resolution Off AKQ 1x0 10k0 100kQ 1000kQ 10000kN High Resolution On 1k0 10k9 100k0 1000kQ 10000k0 Table 1 1 Specifications Cont d Ohms Maximum Display High Resolution Off 149999K N 1 49999K N 14 9999k 0 149 999kN 1499 99kM 14999 9kN High Resolution On 1 499999k0 14 99999kN 149 9999kM 1499 999K N 14999 99k NQ Range Selection Manual Automatic or Remote Function Selection
22. mode is entered when the in strument is turned on when the Internal Trigger button is pressed or a Device Clear message is remotely sent b External Trigger When the 3455A is the External Trigger mode the user can trigger the instrument from an external trigger pulse This trigger pulse has to be ap plied to the rear External Trigger Connector and should have a negative TTL edge and must be at least 3 seconds wide The instrument will take a measurement when this trigger pulse is received After the measurement is taken the 3455A can be triggered again for a new reading If the instrument is triggered while making a measurement the new trigger is delayed After the first Section III measurement cycle is completed the delayed trigger will iniate a second measurement cycle Only one trigger will be delayed during any given measurement cycle Any ex tra triggers sent during this cycle will be ignored c Hold Manual Trigger This trigger is similar to the External Trigger except it can be executed by the Hold Manual button The Hold Manual button must be pressed once in order to place the 3455A in the Hold mode After pressing the Hold Manual button the se cond time a measurement is taken When the measure ment cycle is completed the Hold Manual button can be pressed again for a new reading It is important to remember that the Hold Manual button should be pushed twice in order to take the first reading If trig gered while
23. not in cluded with the instrument notify the nearest hp Sales and Service Office and the proper cable will be pro vided i 2 12 Grounding Requirements 2 13 To protect operating personnel the National Electrical Manufacturer s Association NEMA recom mends that the instrument panel and cabinet be grounded The Model 3455A is equipped with a three conductor power cable which when plugged into an ap propriate receptacle grounds the instrument 2 14 Bench Use 2 15 The Model 3455A is shipped with plastic feet and tilt stands installed and is ready for use as a bench in strument The plastic feet are shaped to permit stack ing with other full module Hewlett Packard in struments The tilt stands permit the operator to elevate the front panel for operating and viewing convenience 2 16 Rack Mounting 2 17 The Model 3455A may be rack mounted by add ing rack mounting kit Option 908 or Option 909 Option 908 contains the basic hardware and instructions for 2 1 Section II Model 3455A POWER CORDS SWITZERLAND UNITED STATES UNITED STATES 120V 240V Part Number Opt Voltage 250V 6A 250V 6A 250V 6A 250V 6A 250V 6A 120V 10A 240V 10A 8120 1369 8120 2956 8120 1689 8120 1351 8120 2104 8120 1378 8120 0698 Australia Denmark Europe Great Britain Switzerland United States United States Power cords supplied by HP have polarities matched to the power input sock
24. of program codes It is important to remember to program the 3455A into the Binary mode by sending an ASCII B The instrument can transfer its set up information to the controller in the Binary mode only The following programs show how the Learn Mode feature can be used These programs are written in the HP Basic HPL and Enhanced Basic languages O Model 3455A Appendix A Example 2 HP Basic Dimension Variables Store 20 into Y and 69100 into Z Registers of DVM Set DVM to DCV F1 Scale M1 Hold Manual T3 High Resolution Off HO Auto Cal on A1 10 V Range R3 and Binary Program B Address DVM to Listen Format the Output EMT TAHAA 5 Enter Output into String Variable Enter First Four Characters of Output into String Variable Set DVM to ACV F3 Math Off M3 and Autorange on E R7 Begin For Next Loop Address DVM to Listen Controllor to Talk Format the Output Trigger the DVM GET Set DVM to Talk Format the Output reading tea the Output of the DVM into Variable Complete For Next Loop ot cal Controller Operation without DVM hE A 5 d A Re et DVM to Listen En En 1 E GEE T i PROA E to set DVM into Binary Mode i CTET _____ _ Set up DVM to Binary Information in String CPE CS es Set DVM to Listen Controller to Talk a MAT Format the Output a i PU a a ee ee the DVM GET e Set
25. precautions must be observed during all phases of operation service and repair of this instrument Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards of design manufacture and intended use of the instrument Hewlett Packard Company assumes no liability for the customer s failure to comply with these requirements This is a Safety Class 1 instrument GROUND THE INSTRUMENT To minimize shock hazard the instrument chassis and cabinet must be connected to an electrical ground The instrument is equipped with a three conductor ac power cable The power cable must either be plugg ed into an approved three contact electrical outlet or used with a three contact to two contact adapter with the grounding wire green firmly connected to an electrical ground safety ground at the power outlet The power jack and mating plug of the power cable meet International Electrotechnical Commission IEC safety standards DO NOT OPERATE IN AN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERE Do not operate the instrument in the presence of flammable gases or fumes Operation of any electrical instrument in such an environment constitutes a definite safety hazard KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUITS Operating personnel must not remove instrument covers Component replacement and internal adjustments must be made by qualified maintenance personnel Do not replace components with power cable con nected Under certain conditions dan
26. the Radio Interference Requirements of Directive FTZ 1046 84 The Ger man Bundespost was notified that this equipment was put into circulation the right to check the series for compliance with the requirements was granted Additional Information for Test and Measurement Equipment If Test and Measurement Equipment is operated with unscreened cables and or used for measurements on open set ups the user has to assure that under operating conditions the Radio Interference Limits are still met at the border of his premises NOTICE The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice HEWLETT PACKARD MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MER CHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein of for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this material Hewlett Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett Packard This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright All rights are reserved No part of this document may be photocopied reproduced or translated to another pro gram language without the prior written consent of Hewlett Packard Company o HEWLETT CA PACKARD SAFETY SUMMARY The following general safety
27. the analog cir cuitry to provide maximum accuracy A removable refer ence module permits external calibration of the dc voltage and resistance functions The reference module can be removed calibrated and returned to the instrument or the module can be replaced with another recently calibrated reference A MATH feature permits voltage or resistance measurements to be scaled into convenient units or to be read directly in percent error from a selected reference The 3455A is HP IB programmable for system applications NOTE HP IB is Hewlett Packard s implementation of IEEE std 488 1975 standard digital interface for programmable instrumentation 1 13 OPTIONS 1 14 The following options are available for us with the Model 3455A Option 001 Average Responding AC Converter Option 907 Front Handle Kit Option 908 Rack Mounting Kit Option 909 Front Handle and Rack Mounting Kit Option 910 Additional Set of Operating Information and Operating and Service Manuals 1 15 Accessories Supplied 1 16 A service kit hp Part No 03455 84411 consisting of a PC extender board and a fuse is supplied with the Model 3455A 1 17 ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE 1 18 The following is a list of accessories available for use with the Model 3455A Description Accessory No 11177A 3455A Reference Module 34111A High Voltage Probe 40 kV dc 10631A HP IB Cable meter 39 37 in 10631B HP IB Cable 2 meter 78 74 in 10631C HP IB Ca
28. to enter numbers into the Y and Z registers Address Program Command Information a ee refer to Controller BY 123 456 SY EZ 45 6789 SZ Manual Enters number in Z Register Programs the 3455A to store the displayed number in the Y Register Number to be entered Programs the 3455A to enter numerical data into the display addresses controller to talk and 3455A to listen The number stored in the Y or Z register can be read from the Bus by programming the ENTER feature and the particular register This transfers the number from the storage register specified to the display The number displayed is output to the Bus by addressing the 3455A to talk The number is returned to the storage register by programming the STORE feature and the desired register The following example illustrates how to read the numbers stored in the Y and Z register from the Bus Address Command Ao wrt 722 Addresses the Transfers the number controller 9825 A stored in the Y register to talk and the into the 3455A display 3455A to listen 3 10 Model 3455A red 722 A dsp A Outputs the contents of Addresses i the SAA the controller s A register to talk and to the display the controller Specifies the 9825A t controller register listen to receive the number wrt 722 SY Addresses the Returns the number in the 3455A display to the Y register control
29. 3 Recommended Test Equipment 1 6 2 3 Typical HP IB System Interconnections 2 2 3 1 Maximum Front Panel Reading Rates 3 6 3 1 Front and Rear Panel Features 3 0 3 2 HP IB Interface Capability 3 7 3 2 Ohmmeter Measur ment Connections 3 2 3 3 Bus MesSageS o o ooooooooooooooo momo 3 8 3 3 Connecting the Guard 3 7 3 4 HP IB Program Codes 3 9 3 4 Address Selecti0n o 3 8 3 5 Binary Program Codes 3 11 3 5 Operational Verification Flowchart 3 15 3 16 3 6 Typical HP IB Controlled Meassurement A a SWS aean nk T 3 14 Es HEWLETT PACKARD Herstellerbescheinigung Hiermit wird bescheinigt da das Ger t System HP_3455A in bereinstimmung mit den Bestimmungen von Postverfiigung 1046 84 funkentstdrt ist Der Deutschen Bundespost wurde das Inverkehrbringen dieses Ger tes Systems angezeigt und die Berechtigung zur Uberpriifung der Serie auf Einhaltung der Bestimmungen einger umt Zusatzinformation fur Me und Testger te Werden Mef und Testger te mit ungeschirmten Kabeln und oder in offenen Mefaufbauten verwendet so ist vom Betreiber sicherzustellen da die Funk Entst rbestimmungen unter Betriebsbedingungen an seiner Grundst cksgrenze eingehalten werden Manufacturer s declaration This is to certify that the equipment ______HP34554 ______________ is in accordance with
30. 3 b2 by WOE OOOO Service Request DATA READY SRQ SYNTAX ERROR BINARY FUNCTION ERROR bits 5 and 6 set high TRIGGER TOO FAST NOTE All bits are low true bit 8 is not used Section III 3 82 DATA OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS 3 83 The protocol used by the 3455A to output measurement data must be followed in order to preserve proper data transfer over the HP IB the following notes on data transfer over the HP IB may be helpful a If a reading has been taken and thus resides in the output buffer the buffer is not considered busy until the output handshaking begins Thus a new trigger will indicate a measurement and the new reading will replace the old reading The old reading is lost and there is no SRQ condition b Once the first character of measurement data has been handshaken out the buffer is considered busy un til one of the following occurs 1 The balance of the reading is handshaken out 2 Device or Selected Device clear is given 3 The 3455A power is interrupted triggering while the buffer is busy will lose the new reading and cause a Trigger too Fast SRQ condition c When triggering and taking measurements in a loop sufficient time must be allowed for the 3455A to perform the entire A To D measurement cycle and buf fer data to become available after the first reading The Wait statements in many 9800 series calculators are convenient methods to avoi
31. DC voltage is measured and compared with a Lower Limit of 10 volts and an Upper Limit of 30 volts y Upper Limit Lower 30 10 _ 00005 400 000 400 000 z Upper Limit Lower Limit _ 30 10 20 2 2 By entering 00005 into the y register and 20 into the z register and then pushing the SCALE and DCV buttons the 3455A becomes a limit testing DVM If the input exceeds 30 volts a LL is displayed and if the input is less than 10 volts a LL is displayed If the in put is within the limits set a number is displayed 3 22 Error Mode The error mode of the math feature is described by the formula result in x y x 100 where x is the present measurement value and y is the reference value An application of this feature might be an inspection test of resistors This nominal resistor value would be entered in the y register in kilohm 3455A resistance measurements are presented in kilohm As an example assume the test is made on a group of 750 ohm resistors with a tolerance of 5 The nominal resistor value 750 ohms is entered in the y register as 750 The error equation becomes result in x 750 x 100 A resistor with 750 an actual value of 790 ohms would give a measurement result of error 790 750 x 100 5 33333 750 indicating the resistor is out of tolerance by 33333 3 4 Model 3455A 3 23 Enter and Store 3 24 The
32. DVM to Talk FORMAT FL ENTER 3123 A Format the Output reading E T Th 1E Enter Output into Variable Begin For Next Loop Format the Default Printer Print the Entire Array Complete For Next Loop Skip a Space on Default Printer Format the Default Printer Pri t Value in Variable Skip a Space on Default Printer Skip a Space on Default Printer Set DVM to Listen Controller to Taik Format the Output Clear the DVM set to turn on state SDC Ends the Program l Appendix A Example 2 HPL Dimension Variable aan Name to the DVM Address din AL 1G Js BSC43 a up an R7 tra Iian Sa ee Begin For Next Loop Es E Store 20 into Y and 69100 into Z Registers of DVM 1 so eu y T TG r 4 re Lomas UR 2 wrt Tees CELA TES 6110032 i as fat olx Set DVM to DCV th a ete T3 High Resolution ets DAM Ni ie RN Off HO Scale M1 10 V Range R3 and Binary Program de wrt Das FATETGHOMI EDGE as ES a a fe H 2 fat i Pa Reformat to Turn On Condition Be red Dem a BF eae i i Ta wet Dum s FSMART Y Entire Binary Characters into String as tor tal to hie Set up DVM to ACV F3 Math Off M3 and Autorange E Dumas AEL tol Trigger the DVM GET Enter Output of DVM into Variable gi pai m as 22 ez apr daj A dt Mu Format Output Complete For Next Loop Local Controller Operation without DVM IT
33. Hz 4 readings sec 50 Hz 3 readings sec 60 Hz 2 5 readings sec 50 Hz 12 readings sec 60 Hz 11 readings sec 50 Hz ON OFF Not Applicable Not Applicable Not Applicable 3 readings sec 60 Hz 1 1 1 1 readings sec 50 Hz 3 readings sec 60 Hz 1 readings sec 50 Hz 1 1 4 5 readings sec 60 Hz 3 5 readings sec 50 Hz Not Applicable 13 readings sec 60 Hz 12 readings sec 50 Hz 3 38 Auto Rango 3 39 The AUTO RANGE feature of the 3455A can be used to automatically uprange and downrange the in strument to the optimum range This action takes place when an input measurement is taken Upranging is done when the reading is 150 of full scale and downranging at 14 of full scale The Auto Range operation can be observed by applying 1 4 volts to the input of the 3455A The range selected by the instrument is the 1 V range When the input voltage exceeds 1 5 volts the 3455A upranges to the 10 V range When the input voltage is decreased below 1 4 volts the 1 V range is again selected The uprange points the downrange points and the accuracy of the instrument should be kept in mind when making a measurement Time 3 6 Model 3455A varient inputs may cause the 3455A to constantly uprange and downrange If this happens manually set the instrument to the higher range 3 40 Measurement time may also change when the in strument
34. II Input to 3455A 143 5 volts DC Output Data Message 1 435000 E 02 CR LF The 3455A will output a measurement data message when addressed to talk The syntax for addressing the 3455A is dependent upon the controller being used Refer to the Operating Manual of your controller for in structions NOTE An overload measurement is indicated by an E 1 exponent in the HP IB measurement data The large exponent is the key Also note that the LF character concurrent with EOI is the last character in the data message and must be handshook from the 3455A to complete the measurement transfer 3 69 Device Control Messages 3 70 Device control messages are issued by the system controller to manage instruments on the bus These messages are controller dependent For specific infor mation as to syntax and procedures to transmit the con trol messages refer to the Operating Manual of the con troller being used 3 71 The following paragraphs describe the 3455A response to the various control messages 3 72 Trigger Message The trigger message causes the 3455A to initiate a measurement cycle The 3455A must be addressed to listen in order to recognize the trigger message The measurement results of the 3455A depend upon the control settings FUNCTION RANGE etc at the time the trigger message is received 3 73 Clear Message Upon receiving the clear message the 3455A sets the front panel controls to t
35. The 3455A is then set back to the Auto Cal mode to insure accuracy The programs in this example perform basically the same functions using different languages The first program in this example is written in the HP Basic language the second in HPL and the third in Enhanced Basic Example 1 HP Basic Set DVM to DCV F1 Autorange R7 Hold Manual T3 HIM ACS Aa Off AQ and Data Ready Off DO CMD Sle s FIRTTETERODAS 1 TO Sa Begin For Next Loop Address DVM to Listen Controller to Talk HE O Format the Output Fee PLAT QUTPUT 135032365 Hy 512 Tigger the DVM GET CHE oys Set DVM to Talk FORMAT E13 Eeee Format the Output reading EATER 213 ca Al I Enter the Output into Variable HE e j N E lea Ag Complete For Next loop DU A A SS E Isi T i ci Auto Cal on to Maintain Accuracy A1 INT AEII HERT ie ee Print the Entire Array EH YO ar ac Complete For Next Loop Ends the Program W Begin For Next Loop Appendix A Model 3455A Example 1 HPL Dimension the Array din AG Se ee Assign Name to the DVM Address deu Duma Fa Set DVM to DCV F1 Autorange R7 Hold Manual T3 2 a pl eee a pa he DI Pa ee ts ss sa sz ea se sa e se ss wet Den FL RE TS TSAe e Auto Cal Off AQ Data Ready Off DO for I 1 to Begin For Next Loop E urs epa all E ne 7 tI A ee Enter the Reading into Variabl
36. Z register to the display also shifts the front panel keyboard to permit entry of new data to be stored in the Y or Z registers Paragraph 3 23 STORE Controls The Store controls transfer the number presently being displayed into the Y or Z register Paragraph 3 23 Rear Terminal Indicator indicates when the rear input terminals have been selected Figure 3 1 Front and Rear Panel Features pe Model 3455A Section III SECTION Ill OPERATING 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 This section contains information and instructions necessary for operation of the Model 3455A Digital Voltmeter Included is a description of operation characteristics a description of the operating controls and indicators and functional checks to be performed by the operator 3 3 OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS 3 4 Turn On and Warm Up 3 5 Before connecting ac power to the 3455A make certain the rear panel line selector switches are set to correspond to the voltage and frequency of the available power line and that the proper fuse is installed for the voltage selected For rated measurement accuracy the 3455A should be allowed to warm up for at least one hour 3 6 Self Test Operation 3 7 The internal test function of the 3455A verifies the operation of the dc analog circuitry inguard and outguard logic circuitry and the front panel indicators and display The primary test of the dc analog circuitry is the measurement o
37. a device to receive process and send messages over the bus g l 3 52 Messages are the means by which devices ex change control and measurement information These messages permit communication and or control bet ween Controller and Device s Device and Device s Controller and Controller s Table 3 3 lists the Bus Messages and gives a brief description of each The messages are categorized by Bus function 3 53 Address Selection 3 54 The talk and listen addresses of the 3455A are selected by the INSTRUMENT ADDRESS switch This switch is a seven section Dip switch located on the rear panel see Figure 3 1 The five switches labeled 1 through 5 are used to select a unique talk and listen ad dress Figure 3 4 lists the available address codes and the corresponding switch settings The 3455A normally leaves the factory with the switch set to listen address 6 and talk address V decimal code 54 3 55 Talk Only No Controller The 3455A may be used to provide measurement data to another device such as a printer without having a controller on the Bus However the device must be HP IB compatible The talk only switch must be set to the TALK ONLY posi tion In this mode the 3455A will output measurement 3 7 Section II Table 3 3 Bus Messages Local Lockout Functions Device Communications Transfers device dependent infor mation from one device to one or more dev
38. a measurement is taken the trigger is delayed until the measurement cycle is complete The delayed trigger will initiate a second measurement cycle when the first one is completed Only one trigger will be delayed during any given measurement cycle Any extra triggers sent during this cycle will be ignored 3 35 Auto Cal constants measurements also depend on the Trigger mode used An input reading and a cal cons tant measurement will alternately be taken when the 3455A is in the Internal Trigger mode A typical se quence would be an input reading one cal constant measurement another input reading the next cal cons tant measurement and so on An attempt of this se quence input reading cal Constant measurement is also made when the instrument is in the Hold Manual or External Trigger modes If however a trigger is received while a cal constant measurement is taken this measurement is aborted and an input reading is taken After this reading the aborted cal constant measure ment is then retaken If a new trigger is received before the cal constant measurement is finished the measure ment is again aborted and a new input reading is taken The cal constant measurement can be aborted a number of times depending on the function of the instrument The table below lists the number of times the cal cons tant measurements can be aborted After this number has been reached the trigger will be delayed and the Auto Cal constant measurem
39. able the LOCAL control upon receiving the clear lockout and local message 3 78 interrupt and Device Status Messages 3 79 The interrupt and device status messages permit the 3455A to notify the controller when an error in pro gramming information or measurement output data oc curs The 3455A also uses these messages to notify the controller when measurement data is available if the DATA READY REQUEST feature is programmed 3 80 Require Service Message The following conditions will cause the 3455A to output a Require Service SRQ message a Data Ready If the DATA READY REQUEST feature is programmed the 3455A will output an SRQ message upon completing the required measurement b Syntax Error The 3455A will output an SRQ message if a program code other than those listed in Table 3 4 is received For example the program code F7 would cause a syntax error since the FUNCTION program set only contains codes F1 through F6 c BINARY PROGRAM Error The 3455A will out put an SRQ message if a BINARY PROGRAM code other than those listed in Table 3 5 is received d Trigger Too Fast An SRQ message will be output if the 3455A is triggered while outputting data to the bus This condition most commonly occurs if the 3455A is programmed to INTERNAL TRIGGER during bus operation The front panel SRQ indicator is lit when the 3455A requires service The Require Service message can be cleared by serial polling the 3455A or by cleari
40. accuracy specification of each ac mode 3 18 In order to get accurate ac readings especially with high voltage inputs at high frequencies the low in put terminal front and rear should be connected to the guard terminal front and rear Refer to paragraph 3 39 for guarding information NOTE The front panel guard pushbutton applies only for front panel inputs Be sure to wire rear panel guard connections yourself if us ing the rear panel input terminals Model 3455A 3 19 Math Feature 3 20 The math feature of th 3455A allows the measure ment value to be offset and or scaled by known values or to be expressed in percent of a reference value 3 21 Scale Mode The scale mode of the math feature is described by the formula result X Z where x is the y measurement value z is the offset value and y is the scale factor This mode allows the measurement value to be modified by the addition subtraction multiplication or division of a known value Addition and subtraction are performed by entering the number to be added or subtracted in z and entering in y The scale for mula then becomes result X Z x 2 1 Division is performed by entering in z and the divisor value in y The scale formula then becomes result X 9 x Multiplication is perform y y performed by dividing the measurement value by the in verse of the multiplier value that is multipli
41. acking material around all sides of instru ment and protect panel face with cardboard strips or plastic foam c Place instrument and inner container in a heavy carton and seal with strong tape or metal bands d Mark shipping container DELICATE INSTRU MENT FRAGILE etc 2 3 Section HI 3 0 Model 3455A FRONT PANEL Line Switch push on push off HP 18 status indicators SRQ indicates that the 3455A requires service from the controller Refer to Paragraph 3 78 LISTEN lights when the 3455A is addressed to listen TALK lights when the 3455A is addressed to talk REMOTE tights when the 3455A is under HP 18 control LOCAL switch permits the operator to return the instrument to local front panel control Display Indicates polarity and amplitude of the measurement Measurement results are presented in either 5 1 2 digits or 6 1 2 digits depending upon whether the HIGH RESOLUTION feature is off or on An LED in the upper left corner of the display indicates sample rate of the 3455A Five LED s located to the right of the dis play indicate whether the display is presenting DC Volt age AC Voltage Ohms Scale or error measurement results Range Selection Keys permit selection of ranges as follows DC Volts 1 VW 1 V 10 V 100 V 1 kV AUTO AC Volts 1 V 10 V 100 V 1 kV AUTO Ohms 1 K 1 K 10 K 100 K 1 000 K 10 000 K AUTO LED s
42. asurement Data Measurement Data A 0 32 Print Ohms Function Error Address 3455A to listen Send Program Code F2 Address 3455A to talk Read Measurement Data Measurement Data lt 0006 V NO Print AC Function Error End Figure 3 5 Operators Check Flowchart 3 15 3 16 Model 3455A Appendix A APPENDIX A A 1 INTRODUCTION A 2 The following section of this manual gives some remote programming HP IB examples for the 3455A These examples are given in the HP Basic hp Model 9830A B Controller HPL hp Model 9825A Controller and Enhanced Basic hp Models 9835A B and 9845A B Controller languages A 3 For effective program writing it is advisable to write a good algorithm first Then write the 3455A program using the HP IB information in Section III of this manual and the appropriate con troller manual Most hp controller manuals have a summary of the HP IB messages usually in the HP IB section in a tabular form These messages are written in the respective controller languages and are given as sample HP IB operations This information and the following program examples can be very helpful when you start writing programs for the 3455A A 4 Program Example 1 In this program example the 3455A is set up to take 50 readings quickly with Auto Cal off and stores them into an Array Each reading is printed out after all the readings have been taken
43. ator Frequency 20 Hz to 100 kHz hp Model 745A Output Level 100 mV to 1000 V AC Calibrator Accuracy 1 hp Model 746A Voltage Stability 6 mos 02 High Voltage Amplifier Test Oscillator Frequency to 250 kHz hp Model 652A Output 3 V rms into 50 Q Test Oscillator Frequency Response 25 Gen Rad Model GR 1433 Z Decade Resistor DC Null Voltmeter Voltage Range 1 uV to 10 V hp Model 419A par Reference Divider Division Ratio Accuracy 001 Fluke Model 750A Output Voltage Range 1 V to 1 kV Reference Divider DC Transfer Standard Output Voltages 1 V 1 018 V Fluke Model 731A 1 0194 10 V DC Transfer Standard Accuracy 5 ppm Stability 001 30 days Electronic Counter 50 Hz to 60 Hz hp Model 5300A 5302A Measuring System Resistance Standard Resistance 1 kQ Guildine Model adn ok 9330 1 K or 9330A 1 K Accuracy 002 Guildline Model 9330 100 K Bus System Analyzer HP B Control Capability hp Model 59401A T Bus System Analyzer Calculator HP 1B Control Capability must hp Model 9825A serve as printer for 3455A hp Model 180C D Output data Oscilloscope with 1801A and 1821A plug in units Digital Voltmeter Voltage Range 10 mV to 1000 V hp Model 34904 Resolution 10 uV Resistances hp Part No 1kQ 10 0684 1021 10k2 0 1 0698 4157 1MQ 40 1 0698 6369 P Performance Checks T Troubleshooting A Adjustments O Operators Check Resista
44. be connected by the same interface bus however the maximum length of cable that can be used to connect a group of instruments 2 2 whichever is less 2 20 Address Selection The HP IB address switch located on the rear panel permits the user to set the talk and listen address of the instrument The talk and listen address is a 7 bit code which is selected to pro vide a unique address for each bus instrument The 3455A normally leaves the factory with the address switch set to a Listen address of 6 and a talk ad dress of V The address switch also allows selection of a talk only mode Refer to Paragraph 3 42 for address selection instructions 2 21 External Trigger A BNC connector located on the rear panel is provided for an external trigger input The trigger input is to be driven with TTL level signals 2 22 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS To prevent electrical shock or fire hazard do not expose the instrument to rain or moisture 0 e Model 3455A Section II Figure 2 3 Typical HP IB System interconnections 2 23 Operating and Storage Temperature 2 24 In order to meet the specifications listed in Table 1 1 the instrument should be operated within an am bient temperature range of 23 C 5 C 73 F 9 F The instrument may be operated within an ambient temperature range of 0 C to 55 C 32 F to 131 F with degraded accuracy 2 25 The
45. ble 4 meter 157 48 in 1 19 Recommended Test Equipment 1 20 Equipment required to maintain the Model 3455A is listed in Table 1 3 Other equipment may be substituted if it meets the requirements listed in the table 1 1 Section I Ranges High High Resolution Resolution Off On AV 1V 1V 10V 10V 100V 100V 1000 V 1000 V Table 1 1 Specifications DC Voltage Specifications apply with Auto Cal ON Maximum Display High High Resolution Resolution Off On 149999V 1 49999V 1 499999V 14 9999V 14 99999V 149 999V 149 9999V 1000 00V 1000 000V Range Selection Manual Automatic or Remote Performance High Resolution Off Temperature Coefficient 0 C to 50 C 0 1V range 0 0003 of reading 0 15 digits C 1V range 0 0003 of reading 0 015 digits C 10V range 0 00015 of reading 0 01 digits C 100 amp 1000V range 0 0003 of reading 01 digits C Accuracy 1 digit 001 of range 24 hours 23 C 1 C 10V range 1V range 0 1V range 100 amp 1000V range 90 days 23 C 5 C 10V range 1V range 0 1V range 100 amp 1000V range 6 months 23 C 5 C 10V range 1V range 0 1V range 100 amp 1000V range 1 year 23 C 5 C 10V range 1V range 0 1V range 100 amp 1000V range 0 002 of reading 1 digit 0 003 of reading 1 digit 0 004 of reading 4 digits 0 004 of reading 1 digit 0 005
46. cation is performed by dividing by a fraction The scale formula becomes result X xy As an example to ly multiply by 10 divide by the inverse of 10 which is 1 10 or 1 Various examples using the scale mode are as follows a Current Measurement Accurate current measurements can be made by using a low value resistor shunting the 3455A s input terminals The value of the resistor is then entered in the y register see Paragraph 3 22 and zero is entered in the z register With the resistor connected at the input terminal and the instrument set in the voltage mode current measurements can now be made You can do this by connecting the input across the resistor and measuring the voltage drop across the resistor This voltage drop is proportional to the current through the resistor By switching the 3455A to the scale mode the reading becomes an accurate current reading in milliamps Since the resistor value is in kilo ohms R and stored in y and since zero is stored in z the scale equation becomes 7 x z _V 0_ V_ tin milli R ds current in milliamps where R Resistor across the input terminals V Voltage drop across the resistor b Temperature Measurement A temperature mc surement can be made by using a line or resistive temperature sensor Assume that the sensor has a resistance of 1 kilohm at 25 C and changes 5900 ppm C At C the sensor would have a resistance of
47. d outputting the previous buffer contents This condition shows up as being One reading behind in your measurement sequence d If you know the output buffer is not busy but don t know whether it is full or not sending a device or selected device clear followed by reprogramming the desired conditions is a safe way to clear the output buffer 3 84 Bail Out Message 3 85 Abort The Abort message unconditionally ter minates all Bus communications and returns control to the system controller Only the system controller can send the Abort message Refer to the Operating Manual of the controller being used for instructions on sending the Abort Message 3 86 Instrument Measurement Times Remote Control 3 87 In the Remote Operating mode the 3455A takes a certain amount of time to respond to a trigger message The overall time depends on the range function and particular controller used This time may also vary from instrument to instrument Table 3 6 gives the typical measurement times using the HP IB These times are not part of the operating specifications of the instru 3 13 A e cee Section III ment and are only provided as additional information for HP IB system use The following is an explanation of the various times involved in a measurement se quence a tl Typical Input Data Transfer Time This is the typical time it takes to transfer input data set the 3455A t
48. e 1 3 omplete For Next Loop fea Auto Cal on to Maintain Accuracy for f ta Serene NS the Output ert ACT agg For Next Loop exe i I a Print the Entire Array gle iun ig oS ee omplete For Next Loop FE Pa ph pe pb et se s2 22 255 ER Clear the DVM set to turn on state SDC ee Printer 3 Spaces nds the Program Choose Option Base for Array see Note APTIOR BASE PTE ad the Array Tit Ye Use Variable for DVM Address Por Set DVM to DCV CED Autorange R7 Hold Manual T3 CTET EIRFTETGRATDE Auto Cal Off AQ and Data Ready Off DO I 1 Ta HE Begin For Next Loop pa Pu F Trigger DVM GET Tuas Yol tage rides SEnter the Reading into Variable Complete For Next Loop Auto Cal on to Maintain Accuracy A the Array Print the Entire Array 4 EMD eee Ends the Program Note Refer to Controller Manual for Explanation of Option Base A 5 Program Example 2 When the 3455A is in the Binary mode another feature called the Learn Mode can be used With this feature the set up of the instrument F1T3 etc can be learned by the controller to be used later on in the program This can be accomplished by sending the 3455A an ASCII B in the Data Mode and reading the next four bytes output by the instrument into a str ing variable The instrument can then be reprogrammed to the previous set up by using the string variable instead
49. ed or the cushioning material shows signs of stress notify the carrier as well as the Hewlett Packard Office Save the shipping materials for the carrier s inspection 2 5 PREPARATION FOR USE 2 6 Power Requirements 2 7 The Model 3455A requires a power source of 100 120 220 or 240 V ac 5 10 48 Hz to 400 Hz single phase Maximum power consumption is 60 VA 2 8 Line Voltage Selection 2 9 Before connecting ac power to the 3455A make sure the rear panel line selector switches are set to cor respond to the voltage of the available power line as shown in Figure 2 1 Also be sure the proper fuse is in stalled The multimeter is shipped with the line voltage and fuse selected for 120 V ac operation Be sure the 50 60 Hz rear panel switch is set for the proper line frequency for your location 240v 240V 220v 220V 100V 100v 120 120V 240 Volts 220 Volts 240v 240v 220v 220V 00V 100Y 120V 120V 120 Volts 100 Volis NOMINAL VOLTAGE OPERATING RANGE 10 5 of nominal 100 volts 120 volts 220 volts 240 volts 90 to 105 volts 108 to 126 volts 198 to 231 volts 216 to 252 volts Figure 2 1 Line Voltage Selection 2 10 Power Cable 2 11 Figure 2 2 illustrates the standard configurations used for hp power cables The hp part number directly below each drawing is the part number for a power cable equipped with a connector of that con figuration If the appropriate power cable is
50. ed or Displayed Maximum Number Entered or Displayed 199 999 9 199 999 9 Accuracy Accuracy ACCURACY OF X READING 1 DIGIT OF DIS ACCURACY OF X READING 1 DIGIT OF DIS PLAYED ANSWER PLAYED ANSWER This assumes no Y error This assumes no Y or Z error f Table 1 2 Typical Operating Characteristics Range Selection Manual Automatic or Remote 1 Function Selection Effective Noise Bandwidth 27 E DC Volts AC Volts ACV or FAST ACV OHMS 2 wire kilohm or 4 wire kilohm TEST T 1 60 sec for 5 digit 60 Hz Operation T 2 15 sec for 6 digit 60 Hz Operation T 1 50 sec for 5 digit 50 Hz Operation T 4 25 sec for 6 digit 50 Hz Operation NORMAL MODE REJECTION 50 Hz OPERATION COMMON MODE REJECTION 1 KILOHM IMBALANCE TIM H HF a H at a ti TPT eT Jaco A 5 DIGIT et FREQUENCY Hz FREQUENCY Ha REJECTION 48 REJECTION dB NORMAL MODE REJECTION 60 Hz OPERATION EFFECTIVE COMMON MODE REJECTION 50 Hz OPERATION 180 rd 170 160 150 140 6 DIGIT OPERATION REJECTION dB REJECTION dB 130 5 DIGIT 6 DIGIT Z 120 OPERATION OPERATION 110 FREQUENCY Hz TET 10 Normal Mode Rejection 20 log FREQUENCY Ha sin Tf T 1 6 Model 3455A Sectio
51. ent is then completed Maximum Number of Cal Function Constant Termination DC 128 DC High Resolution 32 AC Fast 64 AC Normal 8 Ohms 64 Ohms High Resolution 16 These numbers are accumlative when Auto Cal is on 3 36 Sample Rate Display 3 37 The SAMPLE RATE of the 3455A is set internal ly and depends on the function selected the power line 3 5 Section IH frequency and use of the Auto Cal and High Resolu tion modes When the Sample Rate buttons are pressed the display rate of the reading are changed By depress ing the Decrease 2 button on the front panel the display rate can be decreased Each time this button is pressed the display rate is divided by two The rate may be divided a maximum of six times for a display rate of 1 64 of the maximum rate The 3455A can be reset to the maximum rate by depressing the maximum button after the display rate has been decreased Table 3 1 gives the maximum number of readings the instrument can display on the front panel in local operation Table 3 1 Maximum Front Panel Reading Rates Func High Auto Maximum Sample Rate Function Resolution Calibration Maximum Sample Rate 3 readings sec 60 Hz 2 5 readings sec 50 Hz 5 readings sec 60 Hz 3 5 readings sec 50 Hz 6 readings sec 60 Hz 5 readings sec 50 Hz 24 readings sec 60 Hz 22 readings sec 50 Hz 2 readings sec 60 Hz 1 8 reading sec 50 Hz 45 readings sec 60
52. es in the Appendix can be helpful when you write programs for the 3455A 3 90 OPERATORS CHECKS 3 91 The TEST feature provides a convenient method of testing the basic operational capabilities of the Model 3455A This test plus an operational check of the Ohms and AC functions tests the major portion of the 3455A circuitry Keep in mind the following checks test only the operating capability of the 3455A They do not check the performance accuracy 3 92 BENCH USE 3 93 The following sequence may be used to manually check operational capability of the 3455A a Set the 3455A to AUTO RANGE b Press the TEST button The display should be blank while the 3455A is performing the self test Upon successful completion of the test all front panel in dicators except the REAR TERMINAL indicator will light and a reading of 8888888 with all decimals lit will be displayed The self test will be repeated until another function is selected c Connect a short across the INPUT terminals d Press the 2 WIRE kQ button The front panel display should read 00000 300 milliohms e Press the ACV button The display should read 00000 600 microvolts 3 94 HP IB Operation 3 95 Figure 3 5 shows the steps necessary to perform the 3455A operators check from the Bus Table 3 6 Typical HP IB Controlled Measurement Times Line Frequency Function DC Volts High Resolution OFF Auto Cal OFF High Resolution ON
53. esult For instruments with with serial prefix 2519 and above use metric handle rack mounting hard ware as listed above For instruments with serial prefix 1622 and below use English handle rack moun ting hardware also as listed above Contact your local HP Office if more information is needed CHANGE NO 2 Applies to All Serial Numbers Add the attached DECLARATION to the manual CHANGE NO 3 Applies to All Serial Numbers Section Ili Paragraph 3 15 Add the following caution to the paragraph DO NOT apply ac inputs greater than 500 V for more than two minutes or damage to the ac circuitry can result CHANGE NO 4 Applies to Serial Number 2591416021 and Above To increase turn on reliability a circuit modification has been made which will caus the 3455A to take 4 7 seconds to turn on 6 October 1986 TU 3455 90013 Supplement A for 03455 90013 Al MANUAL CHANGES hp MODEL 3455A DIGITAL VOLTMETER Manual Part Number 03455 90013 CHANGE NO 1 Appties to Serial Prefix 2519 and Above Title Page Add the following caution to the title page Your instrument may have either metric or English hardware 00 NOT intermix the different hardware or damage to the instrument may result Follow the cau tions in the manual that pertain to the different hard ware Contact your local HP Office if more informa tion is needed Section 1 Paragraph 1 14 Change the paragraph to t
54. et on the instrument e L Line or Active Conductor also called live or hot N Neutral or Identified Conductor e E Earth or Safety Ground NOTE Plugs are viewed from connector end Shape of molded plug may vary within country CSA certification includes only these Power Plugs Figure 2 2 Power Cord Configurations 0 must not exceed 2 meters 6 5 ft times the number of instruments to be connected or 20 meters 65 6 ft rack mounting Option 909 adds front handles to the basic rack mount kit The rack mount kits are designed to permit the Multimeter to be installed in a standard 19 inch rack When rack mounting additional support must be provided at the rear of the instrument Be sure that the air intake at the rear of the instrument is unobstructed 2 18 Interface Connections 2 19 The Model 3455A is compatible with the Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP IB NOTE HP IB is Hewlett Packard s implementation of IEEE std 488 1975 Standard Digital In terface for Programmable Instru mentation The Multimeter is connected to the HP IB by connect ing an HP IB interface cable to the 24 pin connector located on the rear panel Figure 2 3 illustrates typical HP IB system interconnections and shows the 10631A B C HP IB Interface Cable connectors Each end of the cable has both a male and female connector to simplify interconnections of instruments and cables As many as 15 instruments can
55. f reading digits or of range AC Coupling FAST ACV 300Hz 20kHz 20kHz 100kHz 100kHz 250kHz 250kHz S00kHz S500kHz 1MHz ACV 30Hz 20kHz 20kHz 100kHz 100kHz 250kHz 250kHz 500kHz 5S00kHz 1MHz 24 hrs 23 C 1 C 04 40 dig 0 4 80 dig 1 8 200 dig 4 400dig 5 2600dig 04 08 20 40 90 days 23 C 5 C 05 50 dig 0 5 100 dig 2 0 250dig 5 500dig 6 3100dig 05 25 50 3 1 6 mos 23 C 5 C 06 60 dig 0 6 130dig 2 1 300 dig 5 1 600dig 6 3 3500 dig 06 30 60 3 5 1 year 23 C 5 C 07 70 dig 0 7 160 dig 2 2 350 dig 5 3 700dig 6 6 3900 dig 07 16 35 70 3 9 Guard must be connected to low For any AC DC coupled input add 0 05 of reading 20 digits to above accuracy table except Specifications are only for input levels above 14 of range For an AC DC coupled input above SOkHz and 5 of full scale add 170 digits to above accuracy table For AC coupled inputs 1 of full scale add 20 digits to above accuracy table except Frequencies of ter than 100kH fied tor the IV and LOV di For AC coupled inputs above SOkHz and 5 of fuliscale add 170 digits to above accuracy table Seefoomnote sacuracy ie nor fied if the volt he product exceeds 10 rangys only 2 tor AC DC coupled inputs cy 1S not speci if the volt hz product exceeds For inputs 500V multiply the above tabled accuracy by wor
56. f various Auto Cal constants A logic check is also performed when all the cal constant measurements are taken The logic check consists of a dummy cal constant calculation made in the outguard Ohms Signal Terminals supplies drive signal for 4 WIRE Ohms measurements Paragraph 3 12 input Terminals GUARD switch internally connects the Guard terminal to the LO Input terminal for front panel operation only Paragraph 3 41 GUARD Terminal REAR PANEL Ohms Signal Terminals Input Terminals Guard Terminals Front Rear INPUT SELECT switch HP IB Connector see Paragraph 2 18 and 3 48 AC or AC DC Input Selection switch refer to Paragraph 3 14 O O 2 INSTRUCTIONS logic of the instrument When all these measurements and calculations are completed the 3455A will display 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 and the self test operation will start again In order to bring the instrument out of this mode any other function button must be pressed 3 8 In the event of a cal constant failure the Self Test operation will stop and the failing cal constant s number will be displayed an integer number from 13 to 0 If the dummy calculation fails a non integer number is displayed e g 9 998 or 10 002 etc 3 9 The Self Test function can be remotely programm ed as described in the programming portion of this sec tion The 3455A will output a 10 upon a successful com pletion of the test and if addressed to talk
57. from a maximum of 12 for normal programming to 4 data bytes for binary programming The BINARY PROGRAM codes can also be read and stored by the controller to re program the 3455A at a later time see Appendix A One important thing to remember is to send a B to the 3455A in order to put the instrument into the BINARY mode Table 3 5 lists the allowable BINARY PROGRAM codes for each of the four data bytes and the front panel keys they control Model 3455A 3 67 The following data message examples illustrate how to read or program the front panel control of the N Table 3 5 BINARY PROGRAM Codes First BINARY PROGRAM Data Byte Controls Affected SCALE ERROR OFF MATH Program Code DECIMAL CODE Second BINARY PROGRAM Data Byte Controls Affected AUTO CAL AUTO RANGE HIGH RESOLU TION HOLD MANUAL EXTERNAL INTERNAL To Program HIGH DECIMAL RESOLUTION TRIGGER CODE Hold Manual External Internal Hold Manual External internal Hold Manual External internal Hold Manuat External Internal Manuat Hold External Internal Manual Hol External Internal Manuat Hoid External Internal Manual Hold External internal Third BINARY PROGRAM Data Byte Controis Affected 10 K 1 K 100 10 1 1 RANGE Program Code DECIMAL CODE Fourth BINARY PROGRAM Data Byte Controis Affected TEST 4 WIRE kQ 2 WIRE k9 FAST ACV ACV DCV FUNCTION Program Code DECIMAL To Program CODE
58. gerous voltages may exist even with the power cable removed To avoid injuries always disconnect power and discharge circuits before touching them DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE Do not attempt internal service or adjustment unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is present DO NOT SUBSTITUTE PARTS OR MODIFY INSTRUMENT Because of the danger of introducing additional hazards do not install substitute parts or perform any unauthorized modification to the instrument Return the instrument to a Hewlett Packard Sales and Ser vice Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained DO NOT OPERATE A DAMAGED INSTRUMENT Whenever it is possible that the safety protection features built into this instrument have been impaired either through physical damage excessive moisture or any other reason REMOVE POWER and do not use the instrument until safe operation can be verified by service trained personnel If necessary return the instrument to a Hewlgtt Packard Sales and Service Office for service and repair to ensure that safety features are maintained DANGEROUS PROCEDURE WARNINGS Warnings such as the example below precede potentially dangerous procedures throughout this manual Instructions contained in the warnings must be followed WARNING Dangerous voltages capable of causing death are present in this instrument Use extreme cau tion when handling testing and adjusting
59. he following 1 14 The following options are available for the use of the Model 3455A Option 001 Average Responding AC Converter Option 907 Front Handle Kit or Serial Prefix 1622 and below use HP P N 5061 0088 For Serial Prefix 2519 and above use HP P N 5061 9688 Option 908 Rack Mounting Kit For Serial Prefix 1622 and below use HP P N 5061 0074 For Serial Prefix 2519 and above use HP P N 5061 9674 Option 909 Front Handle Kit and Rack Mounting Kit For Serial Prefix 1622 and below use HP P N 5061 0075 i For Serial Prefix 2519 and above use HP P N 5061 9675 Option 910 Additional Set of Oper ting Information and Operating and Service Manuals Your instrument may have either metric or English hardware 00 NOT intermix the different hardware or damage to the instrument s frame and cabinet may result For instruments with with serial prefix 2519 and above use metric handle rack mounting hard ware as listed above For instruments with serial prefix 1622 and below use English handle rack moun ting hardware also as listed above Contact your local HP Office if more information is needed CHANGE NO 2 Applies to All Serial Numbers Add the attached DECLARATION to the manual CHANGE NO 3 Applies to All Serial Numbers Section Ill Paragraph 3 15 Add the following caution to the paragraph DO NOT apply ac inputs greater than 500 V for more than two minutes or damage to the ac circuitry can result
60. heir turn on state The turn on state is as follows FUNCTION DC VOLTS RANGE recen cote ae ias AUTO TRIGGER o INTERNAL MATH ico tie deine saat OFF AUTO CAL 0 ccc ccc eee eae ON HIGH RESOLUTION OFF DATA READY RQS OFF BINARY PROGRAM OFF The 3455A will respond to the device clear message whether addressed to listen or not To respond to the selected device clear message the 3455A must be ad dressed to listen 3 12 Model 3455A 3 74 Remote Message The 3455A will go to Remote Bus control when the remote message in conjunction with its listen address is received Remote operation is indicated when the REMOTE indicator located above the display is lit During remote operation the front panel controls cannot be operated manually 3 75 Local Message The local message returns the 3455A to LOCAL manual control The 3455A can also be returned to local control by pressing the front panel LOCAL button Some circuits of the instrument may also be in local operation when a local message is send to another instrument on the HP IB 7 76 Local Lockout Message The local lockout message disables the front panel LOCAL control In the local lockout mode the 3455A cannot be returned to local operation from the front panel 3 77 Clear Lockout and Local Messago The 3455A will set the front panel to LOCAL manual operation and en
61. ices on the Bus Causes a group of selected devices to simultaneousty intitate a set of device dependent actions Causes an instrument to be set to a pre defined state a certain range function etc Permits selected devices to be set to remote operation allowing parameters and device characteris tics to be controlled by Bus Messages Causes selected devices to return to local front panel operation Disables local front panel con trols of selected devices Clear Returns all devices to local front Lockout panel control and simultaneously and clears the Local Lockout Message Local Indicates a device s need for inter action with the controller Require Service Presents status information of a particular device one bit indicates whether or not the device current ly requires service the other 7 bits optional are used to indi cate the type of service required A single bit of device dependent status information which may be logically combined with status bit information from other devices by the controller Passes bus controller responsibili ties from the current controller to a device which can assume the Bus supervisory role Pass Control data each time a measurement sample is made Section of FUNCTION RANGE TRIGGER etc is ac complished manually using the front panel controls Unconditionally terminates B
62. ih Complete For Next Loop cn La Per ie E A ee et y T E Local Controller Operation without DVM QUTELO Dumi Els Binary TRIGGER Tu MAA AAA Trigger the DVM GET a 1 Duns Read i ha _WH_____ enter Output into Variable RED bmn e as A F t the Output MAT PRINT Amrlitude Dec FIRED E Print the Entire Array PRINT USING k iReadinas AS foarmet e Dae Prate CLEAR Tu eee A al Value in Variable EHI Clear the DVM set to turn on state SDC Set up DVM to Binary information in String jmt m AAA OIE ARE xx at a ee aT a i es ii it p i ca Papua Pa Ends the Program Note Refer to Controller Manual for explanation of Option Base A S A 6
63. instrument may be stored or shipped where the ambient temperature range is within 40 C to 75 C 40 F to 167 F However the instrument should not be stored or shipped where temperature fluc tuations cause condensation within the instrument A 2 26 Humidity 2 27 The instrument may be operated in environments with relative humidity of up to 95 However the in strument must be protected from temperature extremes which cause condensation within the instrument 2 28 Altitude 2 29 The instrument may be operated at altitudes up to 4572 meters 15 000 feet 2 30 REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT NOTE If the instrument is to be shipped to Hewlett Packard for service or repair attach a tag to the instrument identifying the owner and in dicating the service or repair to be ac complished Include the model number and full serial number of the instrument In any correspondence identify the instrument by model number and full serial number If you have any questions contact your nearest hp Sales and Service Office 2 31 The following is a general guide for repackaging the instrument for shipment If the original container is available place the instrument in the container with ap propriate packing material and seal well with strong tape or metal bands If the original container is not available proceed as follows a Wrap instrument in heavy paper or plastic before placing in an inner container b Place p
64. ler 9825A to talk and the 3455A to listen 3 65 Data Ready Request The DATA READY Request feature permits the 3455A to signal the controller upon the completion of a measurement This feature would normally be used where the 3455A is triggered from an external source In this mode of operation the 3455A is programmed to the appropriate measurement parameters FUNCTION RANGE etc The con troller is then free to control other instruments on the Bus Upon being triggered the 3455A makes a measure ment and outputs a Require Service message to notify the controller that the measurement information information is ready Upon receiving the service re quest the controller with serial poll the 3455A to deter mine the nature of the service request Upon being poll ed the 3455A outputs a status byte in this case the ASCII character A decimal 65 indicating the measurement data is ready The controller then disables the serial poll and reads the measurement data The pro gram codes for the DATA READY RQS feature are D Data Ready Request off D1 Data Ready Request on 3 66 Binary Program Feature The BINARY PROGRAM feature permits the status of the FUNCTION RANGE TRIGGER MATH AUTO CAL and HIGH RESO LUTION controls to be determined or programmed from the bus in four 8 bit binary words The BINARY PROGRAM feature allows faster programming of the 3455A by reducing the number of program data bytes
65. located in the center of the keys indicate which range is selected Function Selection Keys DC Volts AC Volts FAST AC Volts 2 WIRE kQ 4 WIRE kQ and TEST LED s located in the center of the keys indicate which function is selected Auto Cal switch allows the Auto Cal feature to be turn ed on or off LED in center of Key indicates Auto Cal on Refer to Paragraph 3 29 RAYE m ginaay PECREASE PROGRAN Data Ready Request Indicator lights when the Data Ready Request feature is programmed on Refer to Paragraph 3 65 High Resolution switch switches display from 5 1 2 digit presentation to 6 1 2 digit presentation An LED located in the center of the key indicates High Resolu tion on when lit Trigger Selection Keys permits selection of INTER NAL EXTERNAL or HOLD MANUAL trigger Each key has an LED which lights to indicate the trigger source selected Sample Rate Controls permit selection of maximum sample rate or the present sample rate divided by 2 The maximum sample rate may be divided by 2 up to 6 times for a minimum sample rate of maximum sample rate 64 Binary Program Indicator indicates when the 3455A is operating in the Binary Program mode Refer to Paragraph 3 66 Math Controls Select SCALE 2 ERROR Y X ox x 100 or MATH OFF The Math feature selected Y is indicated by an LED located in the key Paragraph 3 19 ENTER controls Recall the number stored in the Y or
66. n I Table 1 2 Typical Operating Characteristics Cont d e EFFECTIVE COMMON MODE REJECTION 60 Hz OPERATION General Auto Cal must be on for 75 seconds to meet all N ETT HH nis Overload Indication OL 7 o lll ill IN Operating Temperature 0 Cto 50 C Warmup Time One hour to Hig all specifications LL AN Humidity Range lt 95 Rt 0 C 1940 0 Storage Temperature 40 c to 75 C RE HH Power 100 120 240 V 5 10 48 Hz to 400 Hz line oti eee mast iat AW 220 V 10 48 Hz to 400 Hz fine operation REJECTION dB lt 60 VA Dimensions 88 9 mm high x 425 5 mm wide x 527 1 5 DIGIT NT mm deep 3 high x 16 wide x 20 deep Weights Net 9 kg 21 Ibs Shipping 12 kg 26 tbs FREOUENGY Hz Typical HP 1B Handshake Times Accept Data 3455A addressed to listen or ATN true 500 usec per character typical delay source Output Data 3455A addressed to talk 250 usec per character typical delay acceptor amp 1 21 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 1 22 The 3455A is a safety class 1 instrument provided with a protective earth terminal The instrument and man ual should be reviewed for safety symbols and instructions before operation 1 7 Section I 1 8 Model 3455A Table 1 3 Recommended Test Equipment Critical Specification Recommended Model OC Voltage Standard Voltage 10 mV to 1000 V Systron Donner PAT Accuracy 005 Model M107 AT AC Calibr
67. nce 100 2 to 10 MQ Accuracy 004 Resistance Decade Bandwidth DC to 10 MHz Sweep Time 0 1 us to 1 sec div Sensitivity 1 V div Oscilloscope 0 0 Model 3455A Section II SECTION II INSTALLATION 2 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 This section contains information and instructions necessary to install and interface the Model 3455A Digital Voltmeter Also included are initial inspection procedures power and grounding requirements en vironmental information and repackaging instructions 2 3 INITIAL INSPECTION 2 4 This instrument was carefully inspected both mechanically and electrically before shipment It should be free of mars and scratches and in perfect electrical order The instrument should be inspected upon receipt for damage that might have occurred in transit If the shipping container or cushioning material is damaged it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked for completeness and the instrument has been mechanically and electrically checked Procedures for testing electrical performance of the 3455A are given in Section IV If the contents are incomplete if there is mechanical damage or defect or if the multimeter does not pass the Performance Tests notify the nearest Hewlett Packard Office A list of the hp Sales and Service Offices is presented at the back of the manual If the shipping container is damag
68. ng the 3455A Model 3455A 3 81 Status Byte Message The status byte message is output by the 3455A in response to a serial poll and in dicates to the controller the nature of a service request message SRQ from the 3455A The following is a list of the basic status byte codes output by the 3455A Status Byte Code Decimal Code 72 It is possible for more than one of the basic status byte messages to be true In this case the resulting status byte code would be the combintation of the basic status byte codes being output As an example the resulting code for the combination of the syntax error and trigger too fast messages would be ASCII character J decimal code 74 The following illustrates the status Byte message in dicating the purpose of each relevant bit Data Ready Indicates to the con troller that measurement data is available Applies to DATA READY Request feature Syntax Error Indicates improper program code Example Pro gram Code F7 would cause a syntax error since the FUNC TION program set is only defined for codes F1 through F6 BINARY FUNCTION Error In dicates improper BINARY PRO GRAM code or incomplete binary message Similar to syntax error Trigger too Fast Indicates the 3455A has been triggered while measurement data is being output to the bus Warns of possible in correct measurement information STATUS BYTE MESSAGE A bg b7 bg bs b4 b
69. ng procedure practice condition or the like which if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to or destruction of part or all of the product The NOTE sign denotes important information It calls attention to procedure practice condition or the like which is essential to highlight Model 3455A Section SECTION GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 This Operating and Service Manual contains informa tion necessary to install operate test adjust and service the Hewlett Packard Model 3455A Digital Voltmeter 1 3 Included with this manual is an Operating information supplement The supplement is a duplication of the first three sections of this manual and should be kept with the instrument for use by the operator 1 4 This section of the manual contains the performance specifications and general operating characteristics of the 3455A Also listed are available options and accessories and instrument and manual identification information 1 5 SPECIFICATIONS 1 6 Operating specifications for the 3455A are listed in Table 1 1 These specifications are the performance stan dards or limits against which the instrument is tested Table 1 2 lists general operating characteristics of the instrument These characteristics are not specifications but are typical operating characteristics included as additional information for the user 1 7 INSTRUMENT AND MANUAL IDENTIFICATION
70. o a certain function and range etc from a controller to the instrument The transfer time depends on the num ber of ASCII character send to the instrument and the response time of the controller For example to send an F1T3 message to the instrument takes four charac ters b t2 Typical Input Settling Time The instrument is triggered HP IB External or Hold Manual Trigger and the 3455A begins to take a reading This time con sists of the settling time of the input relays FETs and other circuits c t3 Typical Measurement Time The input mea surement is taken at this time This includes the A to D conversion time d 14 Typical Computation Time When the measuring and the A D operations are completed the instrument s internal main controller circuits calculates the correct measurement reading This time is the amount of the time it takes to complete the calculation d t5 Typcial Output Data Transfer Time The 3455A now sends the reading to the HP IB output buf fers to be transferred to the controller This time also depends on the response time of the particular con troller 3 88 Remote Programming Examples 3 89 Appendix A at the end of this manual has Remote Programming examples for the 3455A These examples are given in the HP Basic hp Model 9830A B Con Model 3455A troller HPL hp Model 9825A Controller and Enhanced Basic hp Model 9835A B and 9845A B Controller languages The exampl
71. ooooo 1 1 3 6 Self Test Operation 3 1 1 7 Instrument and Manual Identification 1 1 3 10 DC Voltage Measurement 3 1 1 11 Description ooooooooo 1 1 3 12 Resistance Measurement 3 2 1 13 Options 0 cece eee eens 1 1 3 14 AC Voltage Measurement 3 2 1 15 Accessories Supplied 1 1 3 19 Math Feature o o ooooomo ooo 3 3 1 17 Accessories Available 1 1 3 23 Enter and Store o oo o o o 3 4 1 19 Recommended Test Equipment 1 1 3 27 High Resolution Mode abro 3 4 3 29 Atito Cal coo nocccoiia ni es 3 5 3 33 TUBE iia anaes 3 5 Section Page 3 36 Sample Rate oooooo ooo 3 5 Il INSTALLATION 000005 2 1 3 38 Auto Range ooooooooomoo 3 6 2 1 Introduction o oooomoo o 2 1 3 41 Guarding o oooooococrommoc 3 6 2 3 Initial Inspection 2 1 3 42 Common Mode Voltages 3 6 2 5 Preparation for Use 2 1 3 44 Guard Connection 3 6 2 6 Power Requirements 2 1 3 46 Guarding Information 3 6 2 8 Line Voltage Selection 2 1 3 48 Remote Operati0N 3 7 2 10 Power Cable 2 1 3 49 General ooooooocorommmo 3 7 2 12 Grounding Requirements 2 1 3 53 Address Selection
72. or in 6 1 2 digits when the 3455A is set to the High Resolution mode All ranges except the 1000 volt range have 50 overrange capability and are overload protected from input voltages up to 1000 volts Input resistance in the de function is greater than 101 ohms on the 1 V 1 V and 10 V ranges and equal to 10 megohms on the 100 V and 1000 V ranges Refer to Table 1 1 for DC Accuracy specifications 3 12 Resistance Measurement 3 13 The Model 3455A measures resistance from 1 milliohm to 15 megohms in six ranges extending from 1 kilohms ful scale to 10 000 kilohms full scale Measure ment results are presented in 5 1 2 digits during normal operation or in 6 1 2 digits when the 3455A is set to the High Resolution mode The only exception is that the 1 V range can only take a measurement in the 5 1 2 digit mode Resistance may be measured in 4 WIRE con figuration for optimum accuracy or 2 WIRE con figuration may be selected for measurement conve nience Figure 3 2 shows proper connections for making resistance measurements The nominal output signal current on the 1 kilohm 1 kilohm and 100 kilohm ranges is 7 mA The nominal output current on the 1000 kilohm and 10 000 kilohm ranges is 7 microamp Maximum output voltage is limited to less than 5 volts on all ranges Refer to Table 1 1 for ohm accuracy specifications 3 14 AC Voltage Measurement 3 15 The hp Model 3455A offers a choise of true RMS s
73. rogram Control Code DC Volts AC Volts F2 FUNCTION Fast AC Volts F3 2 Wire kQ F4 4 Wire K2 FS Test F6 Internal External Hold Manual 3 58 The program code for single control features which can only be programmed on or off AUTO CAL and HIGH RESOLUTION consist of the letter underlined in the control heading and the number 0 for off or the number 1 for on This also applies to the DATA READY Request feature which is Bus pro grammable only Example control code underlined fro Naat A off SA ROS l on o 3455 6 4714 Program Code off AQ D on Al DI 3 59 Program codes for the ENTER and STORE features consist of the letter underlined in the control Section IH heading and the underlined letter of the particular con trol Example control group code underlined e a En eee Y Y 2 ue OE 3455 B 4714 program code EY EZ SY SZ 3 60 The program code of the BINARY PROGRAM feature consists of only the underlined character in the control heading B 3 61 Data Messages 3 62 The major portion of communications transmit ted over the Bus is accomplished by data messages Data messages are used by the controller to program the Model 3455A and are used by the 3455A to transmit measurement data These functions are explained in the following paragraphs 3 63 Programming The 3455A is programmed by means of data messages sent over the Bus
74. tandard unit or average responding ac conver tors Option 001 Both methods measure ac voltages from 10 microvolts to 1000 volts in four ranges exten ding from 1 volt to 1000 volts ranges All ranges except the 1000 volts range have 50 overrange capability and are protected from input voltage components up to 1000 3 2 volts RMS Readings taken in the ac function are display in the 5 1 2 digit mode only Input impedance of both convertors is 2 megohms in parallel with lt 75 pF for rear terminal input and lt 90 pF for front terminal input In addition to the normal ac volts func tion the 3455A also has a fast ac volts function The fast ac function has a faster ac reading rate than the nor mal ac function 3 16 The frequency response of the true RMS conver tor is from 30 Hz to 1 MHz in the normal ac volts func tion and from 300 Hz to 1 MHz in the fast ac volts func tion Both ac signals or ac plus dc signals ac signals superimposed on a dc level can be measured by the true RMS convertor Selection of the ac or ac dc inputs are chosen by a switch located behind the rear panels reference cover Refer to Table 1 1 for accuracy specifications of each ac mode 3 17 The frequency response of the average converter is from 30 Hz to 250 Hz in the normal ac volts function and from 300 Hz to 250 kHz in the fast ac volts func tion Only ac signals no dc component can be measured by the average converter Refer to Table 1 1 for
75. that connecting guard in this manner allows any common mode current generated between the source low and powerline ground to flow in the measurement circuit NOTE The front panel quard pushbutton applies only for front panel inputs Be sure to wire rear panel guard connections yourself if using the rear panel input terminals 3 46 Guarding Information 3 47 More detailed information on purpose and methods of guarding may be found in hp Application Note No 123 Floating Measurements and Guarding This application note is available through your nearest hp Sales and Service Office Model 3455A A BEST CONNECTION GUARD CONNECTED TO LOW AT SOURCE BEST CONNECTION GUARD A LOW AT SAME VOLTAGE NO COMMON MODE CURRENT GOES THROUGH Ry E 1 SOURCE GROUND UNSTRUMENT GROUND B GUARD CONNECTED TO LOW AT VOLTMETER LOATIN POWER SUPPLY poss tHGH SAME VOLTAGE COMMON MODE CURRENT GOES THROUGH Ap CAUSING ERRORS SOURCE GROUND LINSTRAMENT GROUND C GUARD CONNECTED TO EARTH GROUND FLOATING POWER SUPPLY g A R SOLID CONNECTION SHUNTS MUCH OF COMMON MODE CURRENT AWAY FROM Ry PROVIDED THAT Ecy IS MOSTLY BETWEEN Bhounos Figure 3 3 Connecting the Guard Guard should always be connected either to the instrument LO terminal or to a point in the source circuit as indicated in Figure 3 3 If the guard terminal is left open common mode voltages ma
76. the desired register Y or Z NOTE The operation of the ENTER and STORE keys are not mutually exclusive That is the number being displayed may be stored in either the Y or Z register independently of the register selected by the ENTER keys 3 27 High Resolution Mode 3 28 When the 3455A is used in the HIGH RESOLU TION mode the instrument changes from a 5 1 2 digit measurement to a 6 1 2 digit measurement This changes the measurement resolution from 10 parts 1 5 million 5 1 2 digit mode to 1 part 1 5 million 6 1 2 digit mode The integration period will also change from 1 60 second 1 50 second for 50 Hz operation to 8 60 second 8 50 second for 50 Hz operation The High Resolution mode cannot be used in the AC mode or the 1 V DC and 1 K ohm ranges The reading rate in the DC and Ohms mode will also increase when the High Resolution function is turned off Table 3 1 gives the various reading rates of the DC and Ohms functions Model 3455A with High Resolution turned on or off 3 29 Auto Cal 3 30 The purpose of the AUTO CAL feature is to eliminate offsets gain non linearity and drift which maybe present in the analog measuring circuits of the 3455A This is accomplished by measuring the offset and gain errors and then mathematically correcting the measurement reading to exclude them Each of the gain and error measurements called Auto Cal constants are stored in the memory by the 3455A s main con
77. troller These Auto Cal constants are usually taken be tween each sample of the instrument and are updated each time a new cal constant measurement is made 3 31 The reading rate of the 3455A increases when the Auto Cal feature is turned off Table 3 1 gives the reading rate of the various functions with Auto Cal on or off 3 32 The last set of constants are used to correct measurements when the Auto Cal mode is turned off As long as the input amplifier offsets gain linearity and drift do not vary the 3455A should remain within it s accuracy specifications The time period over which these parameters will not change may vary from instru ment to instrument When the Auto Cal function is disabled to obtain faster reading rates it is recommend ed to periodically return the 3455A to the Auto Cal mode in order to update the cal constants This can be done after a block of readings have been taken or when the instrument is not in use The instrument will then update the cal constants for accurate measurements Allow about 6 seconds for updating the cal constants if the 3455A is in the Hold mode 3 33 Trigger 3 34 The 3455A has three trigger modes INTERNAL EXTERNAL and HOLD MANUAL The following is an explanation of each trigger mode a Internal Trigger This trigger is generated inter nally and triggers the 3455A to take a reading after the previous operation is completed a reading or Auto Cal measurement This trigger
78. us communications and returns con trol to the system controller NOTE When the 3455A is connected to a system with a controller the TALK ONLY switch must be set to the off position 3 56 Program Codes 3 57 All front panel controls except the LINE switch 3 8 Model 3455A GUARD switch and SAMPLE RATE switches are programmable from the Bus The program codes for each control are listed in Table 3 4 The program codes can also be determined from the front panel markings For multi control features such as FUNCTION RANGE TRIGGER and MATH the program code consists of the combination of the underlined letter in the control group heading and the position number of the particular control See the following example CONTROL GROUP CODE UNDERLINED FUNCTION FAST 2WIRE 4WIRE V N N h TEST 3455 B 47M POSITION 1 2 3 4 5 6 PROGRAM Ffi F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 CODE INSTRUMENT ADDRESS 5 bonk POSITION DOWN 1 POSITION UP NOT USED ASCII Code Character Address Switches S bit Listen AS A4 A3 A2 Al Decimal Code oo ODN AMNAWN ax A B c D E F G H J K L M N o P a R s y U v w x Y z 1 a o e e o 2 22 RIOS 222222 SR2DOOOOODOO ar e e e ARA HO we 00002 2290000 0000 0000 00 200 00 gt 00 00 00 u00 00 00 0220 20 20 20 0 0 00 90 9 0 0 Figure 3 4 Address Selection o Model 3455A Table 3 4 HP IB Program Codes P
79. y exceed the LO to Guard breakdown rating and damage the instru ment 3 48 REMOTE OPERATION 3 49 General 3 50 The Model 3455A is remotely controlled by means of the Hewlett Packard Interface Bus HP IB The HP IB is a carefully defined instrumentation inter face which simplifies the integration of instruments calculators and computers into systems NOTE HP IB is Hewlett Packard s implementation of IEEE Std 488 1975 Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumenta tion Section III 3 51 The capability of a device connected to the Bus is specified by the interface functions it has Table 3 2 lists the Interface Functions included in the Model 3455A These functions are also listed above the rear panel HP IB connector see Figure 3 1 The number following the interface function code indicates the particular capabili ty of that function as listed in Appendix C of IEEE Std 488 1975 Table 3 2 HP IB Interface Capability interface Function Source Handshake capability Acceptor Handshake Capability Talker basic talker serial poll talk only mode unaddress to talk if addressed to listen Listener basic listener unaddress to listen if addressed to talk Service Request Capability Remote Local Capability No Parallel Poll Capability Device Clear Capability Device Trigger Capability No Controller Capabitity Open Collector Bus Drivers Interface Functions provide the means for

HP 3455A Digital Multimeter

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