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MODEL 4192A LF IMPEDANCE ANALYZER

1. Maximum applied dc bias voltage is 200V refer to oo Figure 3 34 Cable length Im 16048B Test Leads with RF Miniature Connectors Test Lead four terminal pair with miniature RF con nectors suitable for connecting user fabricated test fixtures in systems applications HP 16048B Maximum applied dc bias voltage is 200V refer to Figure 3 34 Cable length 1m HP 16048C 16048C Test Leads with Alligator Clips Test Leads with dual alligator clips for testing components of various shapes and sizes at frequencies below 100kHz Applicable measurement ranges Capacitance gt 1000pF Inductance gt 1004H Maximum applied dc bias voltage is 35V Cable length 1m HP 16034B 16034B Test Fixture for Chip Components Test Fixture tweezer ty pe for measurement of miniature leadless components such as chip capacitors Employs a three terminal configuration tweezer probe suitable for high impedance component measurements above 50 Q Maximum applied dc bias voltage is 35V Cable length 1m 1 20 Model 4192A Section I Table 1 4 Table 1 4 Accessories Available Sheet 3 of 4 Description HP 16095A HP 16095A Probe Fixture For probe impedance measurements on board mounted components or entire circuits Low lead can be floated
2. A dBm dBV Absolute poplinde of the Reference Input B dBm dBV 3 22 Absolute Ampi tude ofthe Test Input Phase Difference in degrees Phase Diffe re nce in radians Model 4192A 3 40 OSC OUTPUT 3 41 In amplitude phase measurements the output signal from the OSC OUTPUT terminal is applied to a power splitter HP Part No 04192 61001 furnished with the 4192A to produce two output signals that are in phase and of equal amplitude One of these signals is applied to CHANNEL A and is used as the reference input the other signal is applied to input port of the net work under test The output port of the network is then connected to CHANNEL B Figure 3 5 shows the equiv alent circuit for the OSC OUTPUT The circuit consists of a low zero impedance source in series with a 5022 resistor which determines the output impedance The output signal level is variable from SmV to 1 1 Vrms when terminated with 509 Specific information on the internal synthesizer is provided in paragraph 3 18 3 42 CHANNEL A B 3 43 For basic amplitude phase measurements the reference input is obtained by connecting one of the output signals from the power splitter connected to the OSC OUTPUT The test input is obtained by inserting the network to be tested between the power splitter and CHANNEL B Since the signals divided by the power splitter are identical the signal applied to CHANNEL A represents the input to the network
3. 1 Warmup Time Table 1 1 MEASURING RANGE AND RESOLUTION Accuracy is specified at UNKNOWN terminals under the following OSC LEVEL V Model 4192A Specifications Sheet 7 of 12 conditions 2 30 minutes 2 In Floating Measurements see Table 1 2 for specifics on low grounded measurements 3 Measuring Frequency At the frequency of the zero offset adjustment 4 Ambient Temperature 23 C 5 C error limits double for temperature range of 0 C to 55 C 5 CABLE LENGTH At 0 position 6 Measuring Speed NORMAL or AVERAGE mode 7 In the tables area Reference data accuracy is not guaranteed Z area Measurement can not mode but accuracy is not specified 0 0001 to 1 2999M2 1002u 180 00 to 180 00 B i a use the left graph below C szi use the right graph below where y OSC LEVEL V f Measuring frequency H2 F Measuring frequency MH2 5 200 100 4 3 i oo 10 F 2 0 Tk y 5m 10m 100m 11 5m 10m 700m 1 1 OSC LEVEL V Model 4192A Section I Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 8 of 12 Z and R X Measurements Measuring Range Parameter Maximum Resolution IZi R X 0 0001 Q to 1 2999MQ 180 00 to 180 00 Measurement Accuracy Refer to the table below specified by ZY RANGE However R and X ac curacy depends on the value of D as follows i Tabl ACCURaEY Of Ras egual tone scr nracy Qt Two times error given in t
4. 2 E 0 1 p a io nA Q 30m 4 Not Useable 10m Sm 1 100r 10m tm 100 IYIRANGE S 400 Hz lt Frequency Jel 3 2 1 4 3 2 0 3 m 4 4 3 Pulot 3 2 2 4 3 3 2 4 e fad a an JEJ 4 3 2 3 3 2 Q N 30m Not Useable 4 3 3 FRL 2 1 1 3 2 2 10m 3 3 3 2 2 2 Se es eee eee penre 10 1 100m 10m im 100 10 IYI RANGE S Figure 3 15 Display Digits for Z Y Measurements sheet 2 of 2 3 44 Model 4192A Section IH Figure 3 16 Measurement Ranges Resolution and Display Digits for L Measurements Specified by Z RANGE IZ Renge vl oe we i e mf m i T Bi a 7 i aes a aie ea F I i f H i f j a i a Von f 1008H F 1i f 1OH y TOOK IRH 19KH Ge see at 1 f a a EMR f TORK 4300m a m JOH P00 A e a TRE EA aeons i H i L100 laH 1 Ome 00eK 4 i 10K 4 100k 2 deere od oo f i i i i i ia 100m 18 H i le PR E pooh lOH p 100R H te 10r i 100k 3 i j i ie 300nH Vs b 100H 100 4 4 TE 1a 100nig _ _ i sm t0nH 2GOnH gt 1K 19k l 1804 f f fee Ti f TOnM TOQnH h me Tee fem FOH l TOO ope m TaK 4 f i m WOOF 4 Tak 10nH 4 00n t Lil a 10H 100K i 00ra f 1 t0nhH j L a 510 100 1k 10k Cee m 30M 13M Measurement
5. measurements and in paragraph 3 89 for impedance measurements Frequency and Output Level of Test Signal Setting Accuracy Setting Value 50ppm Setting Range Resolution SH2 10kH2 1mHz 10Hz 100kHz 10mHz Measurement Frequency em a a Raa l00kHz IMHz a 100mHz tee Basin oat 1 MHz 13MHz _ 4 1 Hz ex 5mVrms 100mVrms Lee l mVrms OSC Output Level E E 100mVrms 1 1Vrms 5mVrms 1 At 23 C 5 C 2 UNKNOWN terminals open impedance measurements or terminated with 502 amplitude phase measure ment f measurement frequency H2 F measurement frequency MH2 5Hz 1 MHz 5 10 f 2mV 1MHz 13MHz 4 1 5f 2mV T 1MHz 5 10 f 10mV IMHz 13MHz 4 1 5F I0mV Model 4192A 3 22 Trigger Modes 3 23 The 4192A has three selectable trigger modes INTERNAL EXTERNAL and HOLD MANUAL 1 INTERNAL Trigger Mode In this mode measurement is automatically and repeatedly triggered Trigger speed depends on the type of measurement test frequency and measurement mode 2 EXTERNAL Trigger Mode Measurement is triggered by applying a TTL level pulse to the EXT TRIGGER connector on the rear panel Refer to Figure 3 4 for specifics 3 HOLD MANUAL Trigger Mode Measurement is triggered each time the HOLD MANUAL key is pressed Measurement data is held until the next time the key is pressed Note Measurement can also
6. CHANNEL A CHANNEL B 5 s a go OBA laa a BiA Ga PARAMETER TM SOT teealBas pi RE falc sole SAAT STOP eralicras entas tJ ts ESE LEVEL gee Moston Lives Yen OOOO VOO 160 Atonui vino 9 fe T ak LO Bom Bim gt a 7 a a E AN a en 88 B G BO 3 3 L CIRCUIT MODE GAIN MODE ZY RANGE TRIGGER auto omme FEDS gam BN AUTO MANUAL y a et MARUAL MO OL J EEG OO ioe The nine secondary functi ons 8 thru of the DATA Input ke ys i9 are accessible by first pressing the BLUE ke 37 BIAS OFF Key This key disables internal dc bias operation When this key is pressed no dc bias is applied to the DUT and BIAS ON indicator 6 goes off ZERO Offset Keys and Indicators These keys perform compensation for the residuals present in the test fixture test leads and meas urement circuit ZERO offset can be performed for one spot frequency only If the spot frequen cy in changed ZERO offset must be performed again OPEN If this key is pressed when the test fixture or test leads are terminated OPEN and the indicator is off meas ured value at this time is stored as residual admittance G jB data and the indicator comes on While the indicator is on compensation for the residuals is made SHORT If this key is pressed when the test fixture or test leads are SHORTed and the indicator
7. Rack Flange Kit 5061 0079 bs E INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS Parts Included Front Hand Trim Strip 8 32 x 3 8 Screw Part Number 5060 9901 4 5060 8898 2510 0195 Remarks Rack Mount Flange 8 32 x 3 8 Screw 2 5020 8864 2510 0193 9 525 mm Rack Flange amp Handle Kit 5061 0085 Front Handle Rack Mount Flange 8 32 x 5 8 Screw G 5060 9901 8 5020 8876 2510 0194 ey ner 15 875 mm Figure 2 3 1 Remove the adhesive backed trim strip from both sides of the front panel frame 2 HANDLE INSTALLATION Attach the handles GB to both sides of the front panel frame with the screws provided and attach trim 4 3 RACK MOUNTING Attach rack mount flange 2 to both sides of the front panel frame with the screws provided 4 HANDLE AND RACK MOUNTING Attach front handle 3 and rack mount flange G to both sides of the front panel frame with screws provided 5 When rack mounting 3 and 4 above remove the four instrument feet lift tab and slide the foot in the direction of the tab Rack Mount Kits Model 4192A 2 23 STORAGE AND SHIPMENT 2 24 Environment 2 25 The instrument should be stored in a clean dry environment The following environmental limitations apply to both storage and shipment Temperature 4 55 C to 75 C Humidity to 95 at 40 C The instrument should be protected from temperatur
8. Measuring Frequency Hz 1 Fm and Fs are the 4192A SPOT FREQ and STEP FREQ respectively 2 6 is measured at F Fm Fs 3 0 ismeasured at F Fm Fs 4 p Group Delay at Fm is calculated from the following formula and displayed with B A at Fm gl ee e 360 OF Note When a swept frequency measurement is made if the sweep comes to a frequency band which has lower frequency resolution than the STEP FREQ E 10 appears on DISPLAY C and the sweep stops However when using HP IB function the sweep is made by the controller to set SPOT FREQ this error message does not appear and then STEP FREQ automatically changes to the next higher resolution frequency in that frequency band and the sweep continues Figure 3 12 Group Delay Measurement at Spot Frequency Section IH Model 4192A Paragraph 3 65 3 65 Figure 3 13 shows a swept group delay measure ment F Start frequency Hz FP Stop frequency Hz Fs Step frequency Hz AF 2Fs Oo to 9 Phase deg at Fg to Fo Aba Oasi 9 4 wheren 1 to 8 Measuring Frequency Hz F Fg and Fs are the 4192A START FREQ STOP FREQ and STEP FREQ respectively Measuring frequency is swept from Foy F Fs to Fy F Fs and 9 to are measured at Fo to Fy F Tan Group Delay at Fn n 1 to 8 are calculated from the following formula and displayed with B AatFn DETE ee en 360 AF Figure 3 13 Group Delay Measurement o
9. Significant value OF2 ml UCL OF2 DISPLAY A Measured value of Z or IYI ex ceeds 130 of full scale of the ZY RANGE Measured value exceeds 200 of full scale of display range Measurement is performed correct ly Measured value exceeds 200 of full scale of display range The instrument s internal measure ment circuit is saturated DISPLAY BO Measurement cannot be performed Measurement is performed correct ly Measured value exceeds 200 of full scale of display range i Measured value exceeds 200 of full scale of display range Measurement cannot be performed Model 4192A DISPLAY Section III Tables 3 3 and 34 Table 3 3 Annunciations Sheet 2 of 2 Meanings Significant value DISPLAY A oo DISPLAY B Measurement is performed correct Measurement cannot be performed ly because 4 When function is set to 6 Q or D the measured value of Zlor IY lis less than 5 of full scale of the ZY RANGE 2 When GROUP DELAY measure ment is being performed the test frequency to be automati cally selected next is outside the selectable test frequency range 5 Hz a 13 MHZ Significant value Avion ranging ot ZY RANGE is being performed DISPLAY B functioni is BIHAR when ly DISPLAY A function is set to A dBm dBV or B dBm AEV ZERO offset adjustment is being performed When the measuring fre
10. the gain or loss between CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B A dBm dBV the amplitude of the signal input to CHANNEL A or B dBm dBV the amplitude of the signal input to CHAN NEL B All values are displayed with a maximum of 4 4 digits The actual number of display digits depends on the setting of other control functions such as OSC LEVEL ZY RANGE etc Maximum display is 19999 for in ductance and capacitance measurements 12999 for all other parameters Decimal point and the appropriate unit annunciator e g pF mH uS MQ are also displayed If the selected measurement cannot be made because the value of the DUT is outside the instrument s measure ment range or because the front panel controls are in correctly set one of the following will be displayed OF 1 OF2 E 06 UCL E 07 Refer to Tables 3 2 and 3 3 for the meaning of each of Section II Paragraphs 3 1 to 3 17 these annunciations When a SHORT or OPEN ZERO offset adjustment is being made CAL is displayed DIS PLAY A also displays the pass and error codes P 01 through P 06 and E 20 through E 73 related to the instruments SELF TEST function Refer to Table 3 4 for the meanings of SELF TEST error codes E 20 through E 73 3 14 DISPLAY B provides direct readout of the secondary measurement parameter in amplitude phase measurements and impedance measurements This dis play is blank when DISPLAY A function is set to A dBm dBV or B dBm dBV In impedanc
11. 7500 hours typical after full charge Recharge time Time required to fully recharge the batteries is 200 hours Lifetime 5 years at 25 C 3 21 Section III Paragraphs 3 34 to 3 39 3 34 AMPLITUDE PHASE MEASUREMENT 3 35 The Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer can accurately measure the gain loss phase group delay and level of many types of circuits It displays all measured parameters with 4 digit numeric displays The built in frequency synthesizer can be set to any test frequency between 5 000Hz and 13 000000MHz and can be swept within that frequency range with 1mHz maxi mum resolution Instructions for amplitude phase meas urements are given in paragraph 3 34 to 3 66 3 36 Measurement Functions 3 37 Most amplitude gain measurements are based on relative measurements where the signals at the input and output ports of a network are compared to detemine how the network behaves as a signal processor The 4192A simultaneously measures two independent com plementary parameters in each measurement cycle These measurement functions are classified for display purpose into two groups DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B func tions as given in Table 3 7 Measurement results can be displayed as deviation or percent deviation from stored reference values Deviation measurements are described in paragra ph 3 26 3 38 Measurement Ranges 3 39 The 4192A can measure transmission parameters gain loss B A level A B ph
12. HP 16047A 16047A Direct Coupled Test Fixture furnished Test Fixture direct attachment type for gene1al measure ment of both axial and radial lead comporents Three kinds of contact inserts are furnished For axial lead components HP P N 16061 70022 For general radial lead components HP P N 16061 70021 For radial short lead components HP P N 16047 65001 DC bias up to 35 V can be applied 16047B Test Fixture with Safe Guard Test Fixture cable connection type for general measure ment of both axial and radial lead components at fre quencies below 2MHz Three kinds of contact inserts are furnished same as those for the 16047A Test Fixture HP 16047B DC bias up to 35V can be applied with using the 4192A a protec tive cover provides for operator safe ty Cable length approximate ly 40cm HP 16047C 16047C High Frequency Test Fixture Test Fixture direct attachment type especially appro priate for high frequency measurements requiring high accuracy Two screw knobs facilitate and ensure optimum contact of eectrodes and sampk leads Maximum applied dc bias voltage is 35V 1 19 Section I Model 4192A Table 1 4 Table 1 4 Accessories Available Sheet 2 of 4 Description 16048A Test Leads with BNC Connector Test Leads four terminal pair with BNC connectors for connecting userfabricated test fixtures HP 16048A
13. I I I l l t Recorder Outputs paragraphs 3 131 thru 3 136 External Synthesizer paragraphs 3 137 and 3 138 l Interna Control Switch paragraphs 3 139 and 3 140 i l l Figure 3 1 Contents of Section M I 3 2 Caution Before the instrument is switched on it must or Section II Paragraphs 3 3 to 3 6 3 3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 3 4 Operating instructions for the instrumen s basic capabilities are given in paragraphs 3 5 through 3 33 Operating instructions for extended capabilities remote operation via the HP IB X Y Recorder Outputs External Sy nthesizer and Internal Control Switches are covered in paragraphs 3 109 through 3 140 Model 4192A 3 5 Panel Features 3 6 Front and rear panel features are described in Figures 3 2 and 3 3 respec tively More detailed informa tion on the panel displays and controls is given starting in paragraph 3 7 ma a Eh 40020 LF IMPEDANCE ANALYZER shz 1amne enacts f H o m rr LINE FF a ON SRG MBIEN TAIN REMOTE 2OCAL o o o o UNKNOWN taby 6 aproam Loua asot wor soua CABLE OSC LENGTH e R sen CHANNEL A CHANNEL B REEERERCE TEST INPO INPUT sre U PARAMETER TT DATA ENTER pgi Dae ESD heoo s APEE my 3 GOO O Qo 4 La ee a E ouw i ogog0ipiogn j mmm ooe BARESE mO cy mcomen Os ain GROW Bie
14. Yma garor in wet REPORTA Onenmiea enaa fo o f 2 fa Lommen orero a a pons E E EREMO GIRCLIT MODE GAIN MOOE ZY RANGE H x AUTO omme GOR atm BAT AYTO MANUAL INF EXT MANUA Ot B Bea CEO Q LINE OFF ON Apples ac line power to the instrument when set to the ON position Removes ac line power when set to the OFF position 2 Trigger Lamp Comes on each time the instrument is internally externally or manually triggered Trigger mode is set by the TRIGGER keys 3 DISPLAY A Displays the measured value of the parameter set by the DISPLAY A Function Select Keys 15 Also displays error codes and messages SELF TEST 2 results ZERO offset information and the HP IB address in Figure 3 3 Maxi mum 4 digits maximum disphy is 19999 for L and C measurements 12999 for other parame ter measurements Number of display digits depe nds on OSC LEVEL and the measuring range Display annunciators light to indicate the units of the displayed value DISPLAY B Displays the measured value of the parameter set by the DISPLAY B Function Select Keys 6 If the measurement cannot be made OF2 or is displayed When DISPLAY A Function is is set to A dBm dBV or B dBm dBV this dis play is blank Maximum 4 digits maximum dis play is 18000 for phase 9 measurements 12999 for other parameter measurements Number of display digits depends on OSC LEVEL and th
15. a Press the BLUE key and START BIAS key Set the start lower limit voltage initial setting is 35V of the desired sweep bias voltage range with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Start bias voltage 5V START EREQIRIAS Key strokes g0 CT The start bias voltage setting 5 00V is displayed on DISPLAY C Tesf Parameter Data Display b Press the BLUE key and STOP BIAS key Set the stop upper limit voltage initial setting is 35V of the desired sweep bias voltage range with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Stop bias voltage 8 5V STOR hey Key strokes Tel B g B T The stop bias voltage setting 8 50V is displayed on DISPLAY C Note The stop bias voltage should be higher than the start bias voltage If not error code E 03 will be displayed on DISPLAY C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will be not performed c Press the BLUE key and STEP BIAS key Set the desired step bias voltage initial setting is 1 V with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Step bias voltage 0 1V Key strokes Ta o0 J The step bias voltage setting 0 10 V is displayed on DISPLAY C Note The LOG SWEEP cannot be performed for swept bias voltage measurements 2 Manual Sweep In manual sweeps the sweep begins at the spot bias voltage and
16. for example the start frequency is set to SOkHz and the stop frequency is set to SOOkHz the instrument automatically sets the sweep range to 10kHz to IMHz There are however two exceptions to this 1 when the start frequency is set to a value below 10Hz and 2 when the stop frequency is set to a value above 10MHz In such cases the instrument automatically assumes a start frequency of 5Hz and a stop frequency of 13MHz re spectively 2 Manual Sweep In manual sweeps the sweep begins at the spot frequency and the sweep range is determined by the start and stop frequencies Set the desired spot frequency initial setting is 100kHz with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Spot frequency 100kHz SPOT EnEG RI rhe rwv 000 The spot frequency 100 0000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Press the STEP UP key or STEP DOWN key to shift the frequency one step determined by the step frequency setting in the indicated direction Key strokes Notes 1 In logarithmic sweep mode the measurement frequency is automatically shifted to the nearest frequency that satisfies the equation F X 10 N Fm where F is the start frequency Fm is the measurement frequency and N is an integer that represents the step number 2 If the spot frequency is higher than the stop frequency or less than the start frequency error cord E 04 will be displayed on DISPLAY C and the measurement
17. offset data at a particular frequency as shown in Table 3 18 ZERO Offset Adjustments ZERO Offset Adjustments Measurement Hz SHORT OPEN ZERO offset adjustment must be performed at each spot frequency For example offset adjustment at 5 Hz is 5 500 not valid at 6Hz 500 100k ZERO SHORT offset at 100kHz is valid for all fre ZERO OPEN offset data is automatically recalculated quencies from 500Hz to 100kHz for each frequency within a given frequency range if ZERO OPEN offset is performed at 1 MHz The equa ZERO SHORT offset data is automatically recalcu tions used for this are as follows lated for each frequency within a given frequency range if ZERO SHORT offset is performed at the maximum frequency of that range The equations Gc Go 100k IM used for this are as follows EE Fm 1X Fm Fo Rc Rs Xx Je Ts Gp Gm Gc Bp Bm Bc Fm Xc Xs XE Rod Rm Rce Xp Xm Xc ZERO OPEN offset data is automatically recalculated for each frequency within a given frequency range if ZERO OPEN offset is performed IM 10M at the maximum frequency of that range The equations used for this are the same as those used in the 506Hz to 1M Hz range ZERO SHORT offset data is automatically recalcu ZERO OPEN offset data is automatically recalculated lated for each frequency within a given frequency for each frequency within a given frequency range if 10M 13M range if ZERO SHORT offset is performed at 10MHz ZERO O
18. refer to paragraph 3 38 b If necessary select the desired DISPLAY B parameter compatible with the DISPLAY A parameter selected in step a by pressing the key refer to paragraph 3 38 c When DISPLAY A function is set to A dBm dBV or B dBm dBV select the desired GAIN MODE dBm or dBV Note GAIN MODE dBm or dBV is specified from the following equations dBm 20 logy V 13 01 dBV 20 log V The relationship between input voltage Vrms and dBm dBV is shown in the graph below Figure 3 10 Operating Instructions for Amplitude Phase Measurements Sheet 1 of 2 3 32 Model 4192A Section III Figure 3 10 T e 20dB Q gt a T 40dB int a a x 60dB 4 bra 80dB 100dB 10V 100V ImV 1 OmV 100mV WV INPUT VOLTAGE V RMS d PressSPOT FREQ key Set the desired spot frequency initial setting value is 100kHz with the DATA input keys refer to para graph 3 29 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Spot frequency 7 5MHz SPOT EBEQ MIAS MHz V Key strokes o g B O The spot frequency setting 7500 000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Test Parameter Data Dis play e Press the OSC LEVEL key Set the desired measuring signal level initial setting value is 1 V with the DATA input keys refer to para graph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example OSC level 750mV Be kHz mV Key strokes J B g The OSC level settin
19. 0 002 28893 0 0003F 0 0004F s 0 9003 0 04 Lye 0 002 sage 8 0 002 SET B IZI Range Q 9 05 f isoa 0 chiz 5 0 38 0 3 0 04F 0 048F B 5 003 a 9 0008 g LO 1 0 08 1 He 0 003 2 0808 _ 0 003 On 0 0004F 0 0006F 8 fares 2019 0 000 8 Dich e a 0 78 5 Y 9 0074 ea 2 08 4 S 3 08 es ec 0 007 u 202g m 5 400 13M Measuring eae Hz 2m X Measuring frequency Hz X Displayed L H Z Range full scale 2 1 A in the table 2 Equations in table represent at D 0 1 L accuracy of reading number of counts D accuracy absolute value 3 4 If D gt 0 1 multiply error of D by 1 D If 0 1 lt D lt 1 double the error for all values of L 5 A hE x 108 A in the table 5 a TF Where 8 number of digits displayed when the DISPLAY A function is changed to fZ 1 I YI Section I Model 4192A Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 11 of 12 C O D R G Measurmerts Measuring Ran ge Refer to R X or G B measurements for R and G accuracy Parameter Measurement Range Maximum Resolution 0 0001pF 100 00mF 0 0001 19 999 0 1 1999 9 Depends on ZY RANGE and measuring frequency refer to paragraph 3 71 Measurement Accuracy Refer to the table below specified by ZY RANGE To determine which Z range i
20. 1 MHz 13 MHz 4 1L 5F 2mV 4 1 5F 10mV f measuring frequency Hz F measuring frequency MHz Output Resistance 509 amplitude phase measurements 1002 impedance measurements gt 38kHz 100922 to 10k82 impedance measurements lt 38kHz depends on measuring range de coupling Level Monitor impedance measurement Measures and displays the voltage across or current through the device under test Frequency and Level Control Set via the front panel numeric keys or HP IB auto sweep except for level or manual sweep EXTERNAL SYNTHESIZER Connected to the VCO INPUT connector on the rear panel HP3325A Syn thesizer or equivalent is recommended Frequency Range 40 000005 MHz to 53 MHz measuring frequency is equal to the frequency of the external synthesizer minus 40MHz 5 Hz to 13 MHz Required Signal Level OdBm to 3dBm Note Frequency of the 4192A internal synthesizer should be set to the frequency of the external synthesizer minus 40MHz and the internal and external synthesizers should be phase locked Model 4192A Section I Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 2 of 12 EXT REFERENCE INPUT CONNECTOR Can be connected to a 1MHz 10MHz high stability reference signal 1 dBm to 5dBm to improve the stability of the internal synthesizer Input Resistance Approximately 502 MEASURING MODE Spot Measurement At specific frequency or dc bias Swept Measurement Between
21. 250 X Lx L2 2 Li Ex External dc bias voltage lt 10V Ix External de bias current Current Value Ex Output Resistance of Ex ESR of L ESR of L2 C Blocking capacitor EpISIOYI Capacitance Value l C 2 Toy oF f measuring fi Figure C Floating Measurement w B regueney Hz DC Withstand Voltage gt Ex C Blocking capacitor Capacitance Value lyr DC Withstand Voltage gt Ex CR CR2 HP Part No 1902 0202 Diode Zener 15V5 1W CR3 CR HP Part No 1902 0176 Diode Zener 47V5 1W CRs CRe HP Part No 1901 0646 Diode Power 200V 1A CR7 CRs HP Part No 1902 1299 Diode Zener 3 3V5 1W CRs CRio HP Part No 1901 0646 Diode Power 200V 1A Ex StOV Figure D Low grounded Measurement CAUTION NEVER apply an external dc bias current of over 1 A and NEVER remove the DUT when a de current of over 25mA is flowing To do so may damage the instrument c Set the 4192A s controls as necessary for an impedance measurement Refer to Figure 3 30 but following settings should be made DISPLAY A Function BIAS aneas e as iti neee ess eaa a a wt OFF d Apply desired dc bias current to the sample inductor with external dc bias source e Read the inductance value on DISPLAY A after allowing time for bias voltage to settle Figure 3 34 Externai DC Voltage Supply Sheet 2 of 2 Section IH Paragraphs 3 109 to 3 118 3 109 HP IB INTERFACE
22. B to DISPLAY A B C in the HP IB 4 These bit switches are not used In normal operation the number of display digits depends on the selected measurement function meas 7 urement range measurement frequency OSC level etc When this bit is set to 1 however all measured values are displayed with the maximum number of digits After changing the setting of the HP IB control switch turn the instrument off and then back on 3 87
23. Displayed Y G or B S CDS ay Y Range full scale S in the table 2 Equations in table represent en IYI G B accuracy of reading number of counts 6 accuracy absolute value Model 4192A Section I Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 10 of 12 L O D R G Measurements Refer to R X or G B measurements for R and G accuracy Measuring Range Measuring Range Maximum Resolution 0 01nH 1 0000kH 0 0001 19 999 0 1 1999 9 x Depends on ZY RANGE and measuring frequency refer to paragraph 3 71 Measuring Accuracy Refer to the table below specified by ZY RANGE To determine which Z range is selected for L measurements change the DISPLAY A function to Z Y 1 ones 2 1 Z an c h t 1 O e ARRENE iM ate 0 01 0 02A B as 1 2 4A C 0 01 QeO2A B S Ls hanes pra ee 1 VoA ch a 0 3F 0 3A B 1 k i 2 05 77 0 03 3 10A C 0 003F 0 003A 8 0 002 0 003A 8 F 0 2 0 3A B 2 1 0 002 1 184 c Je 1 0 2 0 3A B2 1 0 2F 0 3A B 1 0 002 0 003A B 9 08 4 0 03 1 10A C 0 002 0 003A B 0 002F 0 003A 8 f 0 2 0 3A 8 241 0 04 1 GAC JE 1 0 2 0 3A 0 03F 0 032F B 1 0 002 0 003 A B Le i 1 0 02 1 10A 0 002 0 003A 0 0003F 0 0004F B 0 28 F itoo s et 0 28 3 0 2 0 03F 0 032F7 B 3 9 0003
24. EXT CAPACITOR terminals The value of this capacitor must be equal to the desired blocking capacitor value determined from the graph minus 2 2uF the value of the blocking capacitor in the 16095A When the value of the blocking capacitor is higher than 2 2 1F the maximum allowable de bias voltage is 10V NEVER apply a de voltage exceeding 35V to the Hcurterminal 100 z 10 _ 100 100 aa 3 5 Z gt 22N e s o 8 y Z 5 n 2 BIAS 2 bi RA E ee a 35v o 2 o 0 T Y T T D t v 100 im 10m 100m i 5 10 100 1k 10k Measurement Frequency Hz Capacitance F 9 y Measurement Frequency lt 38kHz 238kHz ZY RANGE 1k2 10k 2100k2 lt 1k DC Load 14022 9802 8 4k2 1402 Figure 3 30 Operating Instructions for Impedance Measurements Sheet 3 of 3 3 59 Section III Model 4192A Paragraphs 3 97 and 3 98 3 97 Swept Frequency Measurements 3 98 Basic operating instructions for swept frequency impedance measurements are given in Figure 3 31 Notes I Before proceeding with the procedure given below set the 4192A s controls as necessary for an impedance measurement Refer to Figure 3 30 2 The 4192A has a ZERO offset adjustment function to eliminate the residual impedance and stray ad mittance of the test fixture and test leads ZERO offset adjustment should be performed at each spot measuring frequency However the 4192A calculates ZERO offset data SHORT and OPEN at other frequen
25. Earth Line Plug CEE 22 VI 250V Plug SEV 1011 1959 24507 Type 12 250V Cable HP 8120 1396 Cable HP 8120 2104 OPTION 912 Denmark Neutral Plug option 905 is frequently used for Plug DHCR 107 220V interconnecting system components and Cable HP 8120 2956 peripherals NOTE Each option number includes a family of cords and connectors of various materials and plug body configurations straight 90 ete Figure 2 2 Power Cables Supplied Section II Paragraphs 2 16 to 2 22 2 16 Operating Environment 2 17 Temperature The instrument may be operated in environments with ambient temperatures from 0 C to 55 C 2 18 Humidity The instrument may be operated in environments with relative humidities to 95 at 40 C However the instrument should be protected from temperature extremes which cause condensation within the instrument Model 4192A 2 20 The 4192A can be operated on a bench or can be rack mounted The 4192A is ready for bench operation as shipped from the factory For bench operation the instrument is equipped with two retractable legs that are located on the bottom cover They are extended by pulling them away from the bottom cover 2 21 Installation of Options 907 908 and 909 2 22 The 4192A can be rack mounted and operated as part of a measurement system Rack mounting informa tion for the 4192A is given in Figure 2 3 2 19 Option Kit Part Number Handle Kit 5061 0091
26. Information Code Data Status of DISPLAY Normal N A B Overflow O Uncalibration U Function of DISPLAY A Z ZF Y YE R RF G GF L we LS L R LP C Dw CS C otk cp B A dB BA A dBV AV B dBV BV A dBm AM B dBm BM Deviation Measurement Normal Measurement N Mode of DISPLAY Deviation Measurment D A B Deviation Measurement P in Percent Function of DISPLAY B 0 deg TD 8 rad TR X XF B BF Q QF D DF R RF G GF GROUP DELAY GD Unmeasure UM Unit of DISPLAY kHz K Vv V m M Reference Data R Model 4192A 3 127 Service Request Status Byte 3 128 The 4192A outputs an RQS Request Service signal whenever bit 1 2 3 4 or 6 of Service Request Status Byte is set The make up of the Status Byte is shown in Figure 3 37 Model 4192A Section HI Paragraphs 3 129 and 3 130 s 7 eS ERE 2 o on on on on or on shor w a RE Information Bit 7 RQS indicates whether or not a service request exists Bit 8 is always z ro 0 Bits 1 thru 4 and 6 identify the type of service request Following are the service request states of the 4192A Bit 1 C If Data Ready is set to ON this bit is set when measurement data is provided Q If Self Test is set to ON this bit is set when the instrument passes the Self Test Bit 2 This bit is set when the 4192A receives an erroneous remote program code Bit 3 This bit is set when the 4192A re
27. Stray capacitance lt 0 01pF Residual Inductance lt 100 0 5F nH Residual resistance lt 50 5F mQ Error in amplitude phase measurements after cable com pensation B A error 0 1dB Phase error 0 1 A Berror 0 1 0 06F dB Input impedance of CHANNEL A B 1MQ shunted by less than 15pF Follow ing parts are furnished Part HP Part No Textool Grid zip test socket kit 6096 65001 16096 61614 BNC male to dual alligator clip cable ua ea 16096 61611 BNC male to SMC cable E 4 ea Banana plug to alligator clip cable 16096 6 1613 BNC male BNC male cable 90cm BNC T adapter 1250 0781 16096 61615 Model 4192A Section II Paragraphs 2 1 to 2 9 SECTION I INSTALLATION 2 1 INTRODUCTION 22 This section provides installation instructions for the Model 4192A Impedance Analyzer The section also includes information on initial inspection and damage claims preparation for using the 4192A packaging storage and shipment 2 3 INITIAL INSPECTION 2 4 The 4192A Impedance Analyzer as shipped from the factory meets all the specifications listed in Table 1 1 Upon receipt inspect the shipping container for damage If the shipping container or cushioning ma terial is damaged it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked for completeness and the in strument has been checked mechanically and elec trica lly The conte
28. Y see Figure 3 15 When the measured value of Z or Y is less than 5 of full scale g Q and D measurement cannot be made and is displayed on DISPLAY B The measurement ranges for these parameters are selected automatically If the measued value exceeds the limit of the display OF2 will be displayed on the corresponding display Table 3 16 Measurement Range of 0 Q D Measurement Parameter 8 deg Measurement Range Resolution O t180 00r is rad 1 0000 1 0000 m 1 000 0 00 000 0 0001 1 000 7 000 aga Ol 0 1 9999 0 0001 2 000 19 999 0 001 Model 4192A OSC LEVEL V OSC LEVEL V Section IH Figure 3 15 Display Digits for Z Measurements X X X Digits f ___ HIGH SPEED NORMAL Frequency lt 400 Hz AVERAGE Fat T 3 3 2 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 2 2 0 3 ao 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 0 1 S 3 2 2 2 11 Useable 10m Sm IZIRANGE 2 400 Hz lt Frequency 1 t 4 4 3 4 3 2 0 3 N 3 2 2 4 3 3 3 2 2 N 7 0 1 lt n 4 3 2 4 3 2 3 3 2 2 2 1 30m 4 Not Useable 3 2 2 eee 10m a 5m 10 100 lk 10K IZIRANGE 2 Figure 3 15 Display Digits for 1Z1 Y Measurements sheet 1 of 2 3 43 Section III Model 4192A Figure 3 15 Display Digits for Y Measurements X X X Digits f HIGH SPEED L NORMAL AVERAGE Frequency lt 400 Hz 0 3
29. be triggered via the HP IB Refer to Figure 3 38 Note Triggering in EXT and HOLD MANUAL modes must be slow enough to allow the instrument to complete each measure ment If a trigger signal is received before measurement is completed it is ignored Input Levels 2V lt Vip lt 5 5V OVS Vi lt 0 6V Maximum 1mA at Vip 5 5 V Low Level Input Current Maximum 0 6mA Input Current Vi 0 4V Pulse Width Tp gt 1 msec Trigger Timing Leading Edge Figure 3 4 External Trigger Puise Section III Paragraphs 3 22 to 3 28 3 24 Setting Test Parameters 3 25 The 4192A provides eleven test parameters They are listed along with range and resolution in Table 3 6 Use the following procedure to set the value of these parameters 1 Press the desired PARAMETER key 2 Set the desired value with the DATA keys The set value will be displayed on DISPLAY C 3 Press the appropriate ENTER key to enter this value Note Parameter values can also be set via the HP IB Refer to paragraph 3 123 for specifics Note If the parameter value is out ef range see Table 3 6 E O1 will be displayed on DISPLAY C for approximately one second and the previous value is retained 3 26 Deviation Measurement 3 27 When many components of similar value are to be tested it may be more practical to measure the difference between the value of the component and a predeter mined or ideal reference value than measur
30. increases at resonance even if the inductor has ideally no resistance at dc Conse quently the loss factor varies sharply at frequencies around the resonance point 3 89 Measurement Time 3 90 Table 3 19 shows the measurement times for im pedance measurements made with the 4192A fi lt f2 lt fo lt f3 lt fa Figure 3 29 Typical Impedance Locus of an Inductor 3 53 Section IH Model 4192A T1 91 166 179 1067 1080 65 154 1055 70 74 159 162 1059 1062 156 1057 61 1050 64 Table 3 19 Table 3 18 Measurement Time for Impedance Measurement Measurement Measurement Measurement Frequency Hz Fonction Mode 5 15 15 150 150 400 400 116k i16k 13M HIGH SPEED aan 57 5 2000 71 5 70 84 IZI IYI 0 NORMAL 5000 59 S000 egy a 59 000 72 159 172 AVERAGE 100 4 69 BOL 473 1060 1073 HIGH SPEED 5099 45 5 58 R G X B NORMAL AVERAGE HIGH SPEED ae 60 5 ae a 645 63 67 L C D Q R G NORMAL 5000 52 zes 55 aoe 52 15002 55 152 155 AVERAGE 200 452 POO 55 1052 1055 HIGH SPEED swe 2a 47 5 60 IZiflyl NORMAL 13000 49 149 AVERAGE Jom S000 1050 R X NORMAL Se 41 OOO 41 41 AVERAGE 15000 43 1043 LIC NORMAL ge aS 12009 45 145 AVERAGE 000 46 1046 Measurement times are typical values in ms f measuring frequency Hz 1053 x Measurement times for Zi YI R X and L C are times a
31. is displayed on DISPLAY A contact the nearest Hewlett Packard Sales Service Office 3 15 Section III Tables 3 2 and 3 3 Error code An attempt was made to input a test parameter value 0 or reterence value that is out of range Model 4192A Table 3 2 Operational Errror codes Meaning AUTO SWEEP was attempted when the selected test paramo was REF A REF B OSC LEVEL or TEST LEVEL MONITOR or MAN SWEEP was attempted when the selected test parameter was REF A or REL B AUTO or MAN SWEEP was attempigd when ihe STOP FREQ an BIAS is lower than the START FREQ or BIAS MAN SWEEP was attempted when the SPOT FREQ or BIAS is lower than the START FREQ or BIAS or higher than the STOR FREQ or BIAS The STORE DSPL A B key was pressed when DISPLAY K andlor DISPLAY B is set to A A measurement or is displaying OFF OF2 UCL or REF A REF B A or A key was Sd when no reference data for the deviation measure ment is stored ZERO OPEN or ZERO SHORT operation could not be properly performed SAVE SY 9 or RCL Recall S 2 was attempted oniy memory locations 0 4 are available RCL Recall was aitempied on an empty memory DISPLAY Table 3 3 Annunciations Sheet 1 of 2 In swept ea uency measurements of Group Delay STEP FREQ is too low for the START FREQ STOP FREQ sweep range Meanings OF2 j i Significant value
32. is normal E 70 E 71 E 72 P 0 indicates that test 1 has been completed It does not mean that the instrument has passed test 1 The operator must determine whether the instrument has passed or failed this test Model 4192A Test Parameters SPOT FREQ 500 0005 100kHz STEP FREQ onara Seah had tn 1kHz STOP FREQ sien ghey Serres cand ears 13 MHz START EREQ oie has aie arene se 5 Hz OS LEVEL Aan AE Gee we ect 1 Vrms SPOT BIAS ign ease Sha TA land a oid OV STEP BIAS 4 yan bates saat hk ae 1V START BIAS 00 0005 35V STOP BIAS nun cara a iaeoa 2G 35V REFA oreraa aR hin ieee oy Said 0 REE Bg sinner E Glee ade oe 0 3 11 Displays 3 12 The 4192A has three display sections DISPLAY A DISPLAY B and a Test Parameter Data Display here inafter called DISPLAY C DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B are the primary displays they are described in para graphs 3 13 and 3 14 respectively DISPLAY C is described in paragraph 3 15 The BIAS ON Indicator is described in paragraph 3 16 3 13 DISPLAY A provides direct readout of the primary measurement parameter in amplitude phase measurements and impedance measurements In impedance measurements DISPLAY A displays the absolute value of the vector impedance IZI the absolute value of the vector admittance Y resistance R con ductance G inductance L or capacitance C In ampli tude phase measurements DISPLAY A displays the measured value of B A dB
33. is off measured value at this time is stored as residual imped ance R jX data and the indicator comes on While the indicator is lit compensation for the residuals is made AVERAGE Key and Indicator This key sets the 4192A to th average measure ment mode In the average measurement mode when the indicator is lit measurement data has a higher resolution and repeatability than meas urement data in the normal or high speed meas urement mode This function is released by repressing the key after pressing the Blue key i or by setting the 4192A to the high speed meas urement mode 1 3 10 Figure 3 2 Front Pane Features Sheet 9 of 10 Model 4192A Gi HIGH SPEED Key and Indicator This key sets the 4192A to the high speed meas urement mode In the high speed measurement mode when the indicator is lit measurement time is shorter approximately than the measurement time in the normal measurement mode This function is released by repressing the key after pressing the BLUE key or by setting the 4192A to the average measurement mode SELF TEST Key and Indicator This key initiates the instrument s SELF TEST function During SELF TEST when the in dicator is on six tests which check the basic functional operation of the instrument are auto matically performed The results Pass or Fail are displayed on DISPLAY A When the SELF TEST is completed this mode is released auto matically and
34. measurement conditions Figure 3 30 Operating Instructions for Impedance Measurements Sheet 2 of 3 Modei 4192A 3 91 Test Signal Level Monitor 3 92 The 4192A can measure the actual test signal voltage V across the DUT or test signal current mA through the DUT by using TEST LEVEL MONITOR key The measured value is displayed on the Test Parameter Data Display TEST ESE MONITOR yma Key strokes voltage Key strokes current Bwe ES Accuracy for the test signal voltage and current is given in Table 3 20 The accuracies listed in the table are not specifications they are typical values The read out of test signal voltage will normally be close to the setting of the OSC LEVEL However when alow impedance com Section IH Paragraphs 3 91 and 3 92 ponent less than approximately 1k amp 2 is connected to the UNKNOWN terminals as a DUT the test signal volt age decreases because of interna leading Actual test signal voltage is thus lower than the OSC LEVEL setting The displayed value nevertheless is the correct voltage current readout for the test signal level actually being used in the measurement When test cables are used in high frequency measure ments accuracy of the displayed test voltage is reduced This is because the propagation loss in the test cables decreases the level of the test signal applied to the sample The typical accuracies at frequencies above 1 MHz given in Table 3 20 apply o
35. on the peripheral device Refer to paragraph 3 109 for details on the HP IB When an external frequency synthesizer is used remove the cable connected between the VCO OUTPUT and EXT VCO connectors located on the 4192A s rear panel connect the OUTPUT of the external frequency synthesizer to the EXT VCO connector and connect the IMHz or 1 OMHz REFERENCE OUTPUT of the exter nal frequency synthesizer to the 4192A s EXT REFERENCE connector Refer to paragraph 3 131 for details on using an extemal frequency synthesizer When an X Y recorder is used connect the RECORDER OUTPUTS connectors located on the 4192A s rear panel to the X and Y axes connectors of the X Y re corder If the X Y recorder is equipped with remote TTL pen lift control connect the 4192A s PEN LIFT con nector to the X Y recorder s pen lift terminal Refer to paragraph 3 137 for details on using an X Y recorder Model 4192A Section 1l Figure 2 2 OPTION 900 United Kingdom OPTION 901 Australia New Zealand SS Per i Earth SS lt Neutral Teee Neutral Line Plug BS1363A 250V Plug NZSS 198 AS Ci12 250V Cable HP 8120 1351 Cable HP 8120 1369 OPTION 902 European Continent OPTION 903 U S Canada a ga Earth ee ia es Line Earth Neutral Earth Neutral Plug CEE VII 250V Plug NEMA 5 15P 125V 15A Cable HP 8120 1689 Cable HP 8120 1378 OPTION 905 Any country OPTION 906 Switzerland a Line _ Earth Neutral
36. refer to Table 3 24 by remote programming as follows 3 2 3 1 Program code for parameter setting refer to Table 3 24 2 Setting value numeric or space digits are ignored 8 digits lesser 3 Enter Unit is kHz for SPOT FREQ START FREQ STEP FREQ and STOP FREQ V for SPOT BIAS STEP BIAS STOP BIAS and OSC LEVEL REF A REF B Table 3 24 Parameters Program Code SPOT FREQ FR Setting Range Resolution START FRE TF STOP FREQ PF Model 4192A 3 125 Data Output 3 126 The 4192A outputs measurement and status data to external devices in bit parallel byte serial format via the eight DIO signal lines of the HP IB These data in clude status data key status function data deviation measurement mode data and measurement data includ ing range for DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B When pro gram code Fl is used DISPLAY C data unit and value are output with DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B data The output format is shown in Figure 3 36 All characters are coded in accordance with ASCE coding conventions To output DISPLAY A B C data without an HP IB controller internal Control Switch A6S2 bit 4 must be set to 1 Refer to paragraph 3 139 and Table 3 28 Program Codes for Parameter Setting Setting Value 0 005000kHz 13000 000kHz 0 000001 kHz 0 005000kHz 9 999999 kHz 0 00001 kHz 10 00000kHz 99 99999kHz 0 0001 kHz 100 0000kHz 999 9999 kHz 0 001 kHz 100
37. self test function augments the high reliability design of the 4192A Convenient introspective testing is possible by pressing the SELF TEST key and confirms the functional operation of the instrument The zero offset adjustment function meas ures the residual impedance and stray admittance in herent to the test fixture used and offsets the effects of these parasitic parameters to zero with respect to the measured values The save recall function can store SAVE key five completely different front panel settings including both parameter selection and sweep controls and recall them at any time RECALL key This feature Model 4192A improves efficiency in production applications where repetitive measurements are made This feature can also be used to measure the same parameter on one com ponent under five different sets of test conditions The standard memory of the 4192A preserves stored data even when the instrument is off 1 10 The 4192A provides HP IB interface capability for complete remote control of all front panel control key settings and test parameter settings This feature makes jt possible to integrate the 4192A into a measure ment system which reduces cost by improving DUT throughout improving circuit design efficiency and shortening the component development period The 4192A is also equipped with X Y recorder outputs and pen lift control Clear and accurate copies of character istics curves resulting from swept mea
38. stop frequency The fre l Swept test frequency is displayed on DISPLAY C 2 ZY RANGE is automatically set to AUTO when auto sweep is started c To temporarily stop a swept frequency measurement press the PAUSE key Start frequency stop fre quency step frequency sweep direction and sweep mode linear or logarithmic auto or manual can be changed when the PAUSE function is set To restart the sweep press the START UP key or START d AUTO sweep measurement mode is automatically released when the swept measurement ends reaches the stop frequency or start frequency To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed press blue key To return to normal spot frequency measurement press the SWEEP AUTO key indicator lamp goes off 1 When a swept frequency measurement is made if the sweep comes to a frequency band which has lower frequency resolution than the STEP FREQ this STEP FREQ automatically changes to the higher resolution frequency 2 When the swept frequency crosses 38kHz an additional 50msec is required for measurement circuit stabilization Operating Instructions for Swept Frequency Impedance Measurements Sheet 3 of 3 3 101 Internal DC Bias Supply 3 102 The 4192A is equipped with an internal pro grammable dc bias supply controllable from 0 00V to 35 00V for impedance measurements only This provides step bias voltage control in 10mV increments over the entire controllable range as well as providi
39. the green pigtail on the adapter to power line ground CAUTION The mains plug must only be inserted in a socket outkt provided with a protective earth contact The protective action must not be negated by the use of an extension cord POWER CABLE without protective conductor GROUNDING 2 13 Figure 2 2 shows the available power cords which may be used in various countries Abo shown is the standard power cord furnished with the instrument HP Part numbers applicable standards for power plug power cord color electrical characteristics and countries using each power cord are listed in the figure If assistance is 2 2 Model 4192A Line Voltage Selection Use a screwdriver to set the Line Voltage Selector switch to the appropriate voltage Fuse Removal Using a screwdriver turn the fuse holder CCW45 or until it pops out of the fuse socket Line Voltage Fuse Rating nscale 1 25AT 250V Slow Blow 0 6AT 250V Slow Blow HP Part No 100V 120V 2110 0305 i 220V 240V 2110 0016 Line Voltage and Fuse Selection needed for sekcting the correct power cable contact the nearest Hewlett Packard office 2 14 Interconnections 2 15 To interconnect the 4192A to an external con troller or peripheral device using the HP IB interface capability IEEE Std 488 ANSI MC1 1 connect the HP IB interface cable between the HP IB connector on the rear panel of the 4192A and the HP IB connector
40. to the UNKNOWN terminals GD OSC OUTPUT Connector Used in conjunction with CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B in transmission characteristics measurements ic gainfloss B A level A or B phase group delay Provides a 5Hz to 13 MHz stimulus signal for the network under test output of network is connec ted to CHANNEL B 3 and the reference signal for CHANNEL A 8 Output imped ance is approximately 5022 UNKNOWN Terminals Used for impedance phase measurements Z IYI R G L C X B phase these four BNC connectors provide the means to connect DUT s components or networks in a four terminal pair configuration High current terminal Hcur High potential terminal Hpoy Low current terminal Lcur and Low potential terminal Lpoy Four terminal pair test fixture attaches directly to these terminals GROUND Terminal This terminal is tied to the instrument s chassis ground and can be used in measurements that require guarding Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features Sheet 2 of 10 3 3 Section III Figure 3 2 3 4 Model 4192A Oo o o o sue ots a Nate 00000 CHANNEL A natt B M RMS Trs MAX ERAGE SPE ya wa TMA KOF e kii ages yogt gel jner G asri ES jt e fo Q aa MODE GAIN MODE ae oe C ZY RANGE auTO MANUAL OS E Ge HP IB S
41. while the signal applied to CHANNEL B is the output of the network By comparing these two signals the 4192A measures the gain or loss phase shift and group delay introduced by the network When the frequency is swept over the band of interest with amplitude phase and group delay meas urement data represent the amplitude and phase response of the transfer function in the frequency domain 3 4 4 For production testing it is often necessary to compare anewly manufactured network to a production standard The 4192A being a dual channel instrument lends itself well to this application When comparing two networks the standard network is connected be tween the power splitter and CHANNEL A to obtain the reference The network to be tested is then con nected between the power splitter and CHANNEL B In this case the 4192A compares the output signals of the two networks and any differences between the networks are reflected as deviation from OdB B A amplitude O degrees phase or Os group delay Section III Paragraphs 3 40 to 3 45 anni ceca gt aera Low CY Impedance Source Figure 3 5 Equivalent Output Circuit 3 45 Figure 3 6 shows the equivalent circuit for the CHANNEL A B The resistor Rin represents the 1MQ input resistance the capacitor Cs represents the 25pF 5pF shunt capacitance This high input impedance has a minimum loading effect on the input signal and allows the 4192A to be used for character
42. will not be performed Pressing and holding the STEP UP key or STEP DOWN 2 key continuously advances swept frequency measurement When X10 STEP key is pressed simultaneeusly with the STEP UP a or STEP DOWN key the step frequency is increased by a factor of ten This is for linear sweeps only Figure 3 31 Operating Instructions for Swept Frequency Impedance Measurements Sheet 2 of 3 Section IH Paragraphs 3 99 te 3 102 Model 4192A 3 Auto Sweep quency sweep ends at the start frequency Note DOWN key and then press the SWEEP ABORT key Key Strokes Notes and the sweep is continued Figure 3 34 3 99 Swept OSC Level Measurements 3 100 The OSC level can be manually swept in 1 mVrms SmVrms at 100mVS steps by pressing the STEP UP key or STEP DOWN key In impedance measurements the OSC level can be swept while monitor ing the actual test signal voltage across or the current through the device under test DUT using the TEST LEVEL MONITOR function refer to paragraph 3 91 Therefore accurate test signal level characteristics of the DUT can be obtained easily 3 62 a Press MAN AUTO key to set to auto sweep mode indicator lamp comes on Pressing the START UP fe key starts the frequency sweep from the programmed start frequency The frequency sweep ends at the stop frequency 2 Pressing the START DOWN e key starts the frequency sweep from the
43. 0 000kHz 13000 000kHz 0 000001 kHz 13000 000kHz 0 000001 kHz 0 000001 kHz 9 999999 kHz 0 00001 kHz 10 00000kHz 99 99999 kHz 0 0001 kHz 100 0000 kHz 999 9999kHz 0 001 kHz 1000 000kHz 13000 000kHz 35 00V 35 00V 0 01 V 0 01V 35 00V 0 01V 0 005V 1 100V 0 001 V 0 005V 0 100V 0 005V 0 100 V 1 100V 3 72 STEP FREQ SF Setting Range Resolution SPOT BIAS BI Setting Range 5 pen l Resolution START BIAS TB STOP BIAS PB of es STEP BIAS SB Setting Range Resolution OSC LEVEL OL Setting Range Resolution REFA RA Setting Range REFB RB Resolution 19999 19999 The position of the decimal point depends on the value displayed on the corresponding display For example if the value displayed on DISPLAY A is 1 9999 any value between 0 0001 and 1 9999 can be entered as the REF A RA value Model4192A Section HI Figure 3 36 C DISPLAY A B Default mode or set using HP IB remote program code F0 XXXX NNN NNEINN XXXX NNN NNE NN QED d 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 12 2 DISPLAY A B C Set using HP IB remote program code F1 XX XX4NNN NNELtNN XXXX4NNN NNELNN X4NNNNN NNN GD D 2G 4 6 OE Gd Gd CB 4 2 1 Status of DISPLAY A 2 Function of DISPLAY A 3 Deviation measurement mode of DISPLAY A 4 Value of DISPLAY A position of decimal point
44. 02 X E 16095 A 5 C lt 15pF L lt 40nH R lt 100mQ C lt 0 0lpF L lt 100 0 5f nH 16096A 6 R lt 50 5f mQ f frequency M H2 1 The incremental errors calculated from the equations in the table for measurements at frequencies above 1 MHz are additive 2 The 16047B is useable only at frequencies below 2MHz 3 The 16048C is useable with C gt 1000pF and L gt 1004H DUT s at frequencies below 100kHz 4 The 16034B is useable for measurements on high impedance DUT s 1Z gt 509 5 When BNC adapter is used 6 At BNC connector after zero offset to lll EE EEEEEEEEEE EE 3 56 Model 41924 1 2 3 Section Hk Figure 3 30 CAUTIONS De not apply voltage to the Leur or Leor terminals Todo so may damage the instrument The 4192A can be used to measure charged capacitors however charge voltage is limited If the limit is exceeded i e if the charge voltage is too high the instrument may be damaged The limit depends on whether the 4192A s internal de bias source is ON or OFF and the capacitance of the capacitor being measured Refer to the graph below Also when the bias source is ON output voltage should be set to 0V When making impedance measurements on an active circuit e g voltage source battery ete DO NOT allow a de voltage exceeding 10V to be applied to the Hcur terminal To do so may damage the instrument Also in these measurements the 4192A become
45. 04F dB eae Siamese 0 05 0 2F A B accuracy E 0 05 1 f dB 0 06 0 06F dB 8 accuracy 49 0 14 6 f 0 05 0 25F 0 05 3 f dB 0 07 0 07F dB S 60 0 15 15 f 0 3 0 3F Note 3 0 1 10 f dB 0 1 0 1F dB 60 1 50 f 1 0 5F When calculating accuracy E 0 45 25 F dB 0 748 0 4 0 3F dB for points along a horizontal 2 70 4 100 f 5 EAE ee or vertical line or at the a 1 5 50 F dB 2dB 1 F dB intersection of two lines use Z 80 12 300 f 15 13 2F the narrowest accuracy 5 equation 390 Unspecified 100 5 100 10k 1M 13M Measuring Frequency Hz Section I Model 4192A Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 5 of 12 Absolute Amplitude A B Accuracy Accuracy is given in the table below 0 8 f measuring frequency Hz 10 gt F measuring frequency MHz 20 0 4 1 f dB 0 4dB 0 4 0 08F dB 30 Note 40 When ealeulating accuracy for points along a horizontal 50 or vertical line or at the 0 5 11 f dB 0 6dB 0 5 0 18F d intersection of two lines use 60 the narrowest accuracy 0 85 26 f d 1 148 0 8 0 38F d eee 1 4 1 08F dB 7 Input Absolute Level of Each Channel dBV 100 lt 90 Unspecified 5 100 1M 13M Measuring Frequency Hz Model 4192A PARAMETERS MEASURED DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Function Section I Table 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 6 of 12 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS Measures DISPLAY A parameters and DISPLAY
46. 177 8279kHz 10 316 2277kHz 15 562 3413kHz 20 1000 000kHz The start and stop frequencies which determine the sweep range are limited to decade values 10 100 1k 10k 100k IM 10M If for example the start frequency is set to 5OkHz and the stop frequency is set to 800kHz the instrument automatically sets the sweep range as 10kHz to 1MHz There are however two exceptions 1 when the start frequency is set to a value below 10 Hz and 2 when the stop frequency is set toa value above 10MHz In such cases the instrument automatically assumes a start frequency of 5Hz and a stop frequency of 13MHz Figure 3 11 Operating Instructions for Swept Frequency Amplitude Phase Measurements Sheet 2 of 4 Section II Model 4192A Figure 3 11 2 Manual Sweep In manual sweeps the sweep begins at the spot frequency and the sweep range is determined by the start and stop frequencies a Set the desired spot frequency initial setting is 100kHz with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Spot frequency 10kHz ENA kiz mV Key strokes e O O The spot frequency 10 00000KHz will be displayed on DISPLAY C b Press the STEP UP key or STEP DOWN key to shift the frequency one step determined by the step frequency setting in the indicated direction Notes l In logarithmic sweep mode the measurement frequency is automatically shifted to the nearest frequency that satis
47. 21 3 107 External DC Bias 3 108 The special biasing circuits and procedures for using external voltage or current bias as needed for capacitance or inductance measurements are provided in Figure 3 34 The figure shows sample circuits appropriate for 4192A applications The biasing circuits prevent dc current from flowing into the 4192A as dc current in creases the measurement error and because the excess current may damage instrument When applying a dc voltage to capacitors be sure the applied voltage does not exceed the maximum specified voltage of the capacitor and that the capacitor is connected with correct polarity 3 65 Section IH Model 4192A Figure 3 34 1 External DC Bias Voltage lt 200V a Press the LINE ON OFF key to turn the 4192A off b Connect the external de bias source to the 4192A as shown in the figure below L where Cx Sample capacitor RS i Ex External dc bias volate 200V C Blocking capacitor Capacitance Value C tet f measuring frequency Hz DC Withstand Voltage gt Ex re Ca Blocking capacitor oat p dn ake nn Capacitance Value laF DC Withstand Voltage gt Ex Figure A Floating Measurement CR CR2 HP Part No 1902 0176 Diode Zener 47V5 1W CR3 CRa HP Part No 1902 1299 Diode Zener 33V5 1W CRs CRe HP Part No 1901 0646 Diode Zener 3 3V5 11W j Ex 200V Figure B Low grounded Measurement Cautions 1 N
48. 26 of the DUT s admittance When CIRCUIT MODE is set to owe the instrument measures R resistance of the DUT and X react ance of the DUT the results are dis played on DISPLAY A R and DIS PLAY B X to provide a rectangular Cartesian representation R jX of the DUT s impedance When CIRCUIT MODE is set to o0 the instrument measures G conductance and B susceptance the results are displayed on DISPLAY A G and DISPLAY B B to provide a rectangular Cartesian representa tion G jB of the DUT s admittance Measures inductance and depending on the setting of DISPLAY B Func tion 8 Q quality factor D dis sipation factor or R G equivalent series resistance or equivale nt parallel conductance to measure G CIRCUIT MODE 2 must be set to oR Y Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features Sheet 3 of 10 Model 4192A the results are displayed on DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B respectively C Measures capacitance and depending on the setting of DISPLAY B Func tion 8 Q quality factor D dis sipation factor or R G equivalent series resistance or equivalent parallel conductance to measure G CIRCUIT MODE must be set to So 1 the results are displayed on DISPLAY AG and DISPLAY BO respectively B A dB Measures the relative amplitude of the reference input CHANNEL AQ and the test input CHANNEL B 8 The result is displayed on DISPLAY AG Also measures group dela
49. 3 110 The 4192A can be remotely controlled via the HP IB a carefully defined instrument interface which simplifies integration of instruments and a calculator or computer into a system Note HP IB is Hewlett Packard s implementation of IEEE Std 488 Standard Digital Interface for Programmable Instrumentation 3 111 Connection to HP IB 3 112 The 4192A can be connected into an HP IB bus configuration with or without a controller i e with or without an HP calculator In an HP IB system without a controller the instrument functions as a talk only de vice refer to paragraph 3 117 3 113 HP IB Status Indicators 3 114 The HP IB Status Indicators are four LED lamps located on the front panel When lit these lamps show the existing status of the 4192A in the HP IB system as follows SRQ SRQ signal from the 4192A to the con troller is on the HP IB line Refer to para graph 3 127 LISTEN The 4192A is set to listerier TALK The 4192A is set to talker REMOTE The 4192A is remotely controlled 3 115 LOCAL Key 3 116 The LOCAL key releases the 4192A from HP IB remote control and allows measurement conditions to be set from the front panel The REMOTE lamp will go off when this key is pressed LOCAL control is not available when the 4192A is set to local lockout status by the controller 3 117 HP IB Control Switch 3 118 The HP IB Control Switch located on the rear panel has seven bit switche
50. 6Hz Refer to paragraph 2 8 LINE FUSE Holder Instrument s power line fuse is installed in this holder 100 V 120V operation 1 25AT 250V HP P N 2110 0305 220V 240V operation 0 6AT 250V HP P N 2110 0016 Refer to paragraph 2 8 LINE Input Receptacle AC power cord is connected to this receptacle Refer to paragraph 2 10 RECORDER OUTPUTS Connectors These connectors output dc voltages proportional to the measurement display outputs and test fre quency or internal dc bias voltage and a pen control signal for the X Y recorder Results of swept frequency of bias measurements can be plotted by connecting an X Y recorder to these connectors Section III Figure 3 3 PEN LIFT connector Outputs pen up down control signal When the 4192A is set as follows this connector outputs a LOW level TTL signal pen down 1 X Y RECORDER key on the front panel is set to ON 2 START UP key or START DOWN key is pressed when X Y RECORDER and SWEEP MAN AUTO keys on the front panel are set to ON At other times this connector outputs a HIGH level TTL signal pen up FREQ BIAS connector Outputs voltage proportional to the test frequency or internal dc bias volt age from OV at START frequency voltage to 1V at STOP frequency voltage The output voltage is pro portional to the logarithm of the fre quency when LOG SWEEP is set to ON DISPLAY B connector Outputs voltage proportional to the
51. 92A EXT VCO input con nector Using this technique a frequency resolution of ImHz over the full frequency range from 5Hz to 13MHz can be obtained In addition a high stability reference 1MHz or 10MHz can be connected to the 4192A so that even more stable test signals are obtained 1 7 In amplitude phase measurements the 4192A can measure four transmission parameters gain loss B A level A B phase 9 and group delay Measurement range of B A is 100dB to 100dB with 0 001dB maximum resolution and 0 02dB to 0 09dB basic ac curacy measurement range of A B is 0 8dBV to 100dBV 13 8dBm to 87dBm with 0 001dB maxi mum resolution and 0 4dB basic accuracy measurement range of is 180 180 with 0 01 resolution and 0 1 to 0 2 basic accuracy measurement range of group 1 2 delay is 0 lns to 19 999s with a resolution of 4 digits These features make accurate measurement of transmis sion characteristics easier than ever before For example 0 001 dB changes in insertion loss and ripple in the pass band of a BPF Band Pass Filter caused by temperature changes can be resolved Moreover the ability of the 4192A to measure group delay helps in the design and construction of filters that must accurately transmit phase information 1 8 In the 4192A can measure eleven impedance parameters absolute value of impedance Z absolute value of admittance Y phase angle resistance R reactanc
52. B parameters simultaneously in the parameter combinations listed below Deviation measurement A and percent deviation measurement A can be performed for all measurement parameters IY Absolute Value of Admittance ree 6 deg rad Phase Angle R Resistance X Reactance G Conductance Susceptance EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODE DISPLAY RANGING MEASUREMENT TERMINAL L Inductance C Capacitance Quality Factor Resistance B Q D Dissipation Factor R G Conductance Auto we Series and off Parallel IZI R and X are measured in ewe mode and IYI G and Bin oS mode Maximum 41 2 digits in NORMAL or AVERAGE measurement mode maximum 31 2 digits in HIGH SPEED measurement mode 19999 full scale display for L and C measurement 12999 for other parameters Number of display digits depends on OSC level measurement range and test frequency Refer to Para 3 17 AUTO or MANUAL for impedance Z admittance Y measured value 4 terminal pair configuration AUTOMATIC ZERO ADJUSTMENT Residual impedance R jX and stray admittance G jB of the test fixture are measured at a frequency selected by the operator These values are then stored and used as offset data for subsequent measurements The stored offset values are converted and applied to other measurement frequencies refer to paragraph 3 79 Section I Table 1 1
53. BNC Male Dual Banana Plug Cable 05 HP1 1001 A 3 ea PROCEDURE 1 Turn the 4192A and X Y recorder off 2 Connect the X axis connector and Y axis connector Y1 axis and Y2 axis for two pen X Y recorders of the X Y recorder to the appropriate RECORDER OUTPUT connectors on the 4192A rear panel with the BNC Male Dual Banana Plug Cable Refer to Table 3 27 for cabling method of the RECORDER OUTPUTS 3 When X Y recorder is provided with pen lift TTL controls connect PEN LIFT connector on the 4192A rear panel to the X Y recorder connector 4 Set the 4192A s controls for the desired swept measurement in accordance with the procedures given in the following figures e Figure 3 11 Operating Instructions for Swept frequency Amplitude phase Measurements e Figure 3 31 Operating Instructions for Swept frequency Impedance Measurement e Figure 3 33 Operating Instructions for Swept bias Voltage Impedance Measurement 5 Turn the 4192A and X Y recorder on 6 Place recording paper on X Y recorder platen and set the paper hold down function if provided Figure 3 40 X Y Recorder Output Sheet 1 of 2 Section IHI Model 4192A Figure 3 40 7 Confirm that the 4192A X Y RECORDER OUTPUT function is set to off X Y RECORDER N OFF indicator on the front panel should be off If it is set to on indicator lamp on turn it off by pressing the BLUE key and X Y RECORDER ON OFF key 8 Select the appropriate pl
54. ECTING THE INSTRUMENT TO THE POWER SOURCE make sure that the correct fuse has been installed and that the line voltage selection switch is set to the correct voltage 2 9 Figure 2 provides instructions for line voltage and fuse selection The line voltage selection switch and the proper fuse are factory installed for 100 or 120 volts ac operation Current ratings for the fuse are printed under the fuseholder on the instrument s rear panel and are listed with HP part numbers in Figure 2 1 CAUTION Use the proper fuse for the line voltage selected Make sure that only fuses for the required rated current and of the specified type are used for replacement The use of mended fuses or short circuited fuse holders must be avoided 2 1 Section I Paragraphs 2 10 to 2 15 LINE I VOLTAGE FUSE SELECTOR 100V ea 120V 220 V 240V Figure 2 1 2 10 POWER CABLE 2 11 To protect operating personnel the Natioml Ekctrical Manufacturer s Association NEMA recom mends that the instrument pa l and cabinet be grounded The Model 4192A is equipped with a three conduc tor power cable which when plugged into an appropriate ac power receptacle grounds the instrument The offset pin on the power cable is the ground wire 2 12 To preserve the protection feature when operat ing the instrument from a two contact outlet use a three prong to two prong adapter HP Part No 1251 8196 and connect
55. External Hold Manual or HP 1B remote control Section I Model 4192A Table 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 3 of 12 AMPLITUDE PHASE MEASUREMENTS PARAMETERS MEASURED Measures DISPLAY A parameters and DISPLAY B parameters simultaneously in the parameter combination listed below Deviation measurement A and percent deviation measurement A can be performed for all measurement parameters DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Function Group delay s B A dB Amplitude ratio deg rad Phase Difference A dBm dBV Absolute amplitude of Reference Input B dBm dBV Absolute amplitude of Test Input REFERENCE AMPLITUDE OdBv 1Vrms 0dBm 1mV into 5022 OSC OUTPUT CONNECTOR OUTPUT IMPEDANCE 50922 5 8 at 50Hz to S5MHz SOQ 10 at 5 Hz to 13 MHz CHANNEL A AND B Input Impedance IMQ 2 shunt capacitance 25 pF SpF Maximum Input Voltage 2Vrms 35V DC Max DISPLAY RANGE AND RESOLUTION In NORMAL or AVERAGE measurement mode Measuring resolution de creases one digit in HIGH SPEED measurement mode B A 0 to 100dB 0 001dB 0 20dB 0 01dB 20 100dB resolution 0 0 to 180 0 to r radian 0 01 resolution Group Delay 7 O lns to 19 999s 0 lns maximum resolution A B 0 8dBV to 100dBV 13 8dBm to 87dBm 0 001 dB gt 20dB 0 01dB lt 20dB resolution Model 4192A Section I Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 4 of 12 MEASURING ACCURACY Spe
56. Frequency x2 Measurement Ranges Resolution and Display Digits for C Measurements Specified by Y RANGE LY Range 19S 106 S l s 3 OmS 1008S 15 305 i 1 GOR fom pu F b 1OuF 1004F tme 10eF f 10658 be LOE E E A E TOF op WOOF pm Im 10m h iar f 10nF A 1000 IF t0 F 100k f lak H H 180 F F InF h sonf 4 100m tik of om MOF f 1G GEE pam 4 aep nF b tent 100nF z wl i fapacitance 1p A 1ODF 100p H Inf bm Onf Vent tF i Tec fo pf t0pF 1009F 4 IF i TORF ten 4 t i 1OfF 4 308fF H 1pF 1OpF 4 TOG pF mf InF 100F 4 1 e rorr Joore ape oF 1009F InF 20 1 ffm feme te 4 108F roner f oe 0E 1000F i Wok 200k M 10813M Measurement Frequency H2 Note Display digits for L C Display digit of Z Ylin Figure 3 15 Number in above figure Shaded areas indicate that measurement cannot be performed Figure 3 16 Measurement Ranges Resolution and Display Digits for L C Measurements 3 45 Section IH Paragraphs 3 73 and 3 74 3 73 Circuit Mode 3 74 An impedance element can be represented by a simple series or parallel equivalent circuit comprised of resistive and reactive elements This representation is possible by either of the series or parall
57. Key strokes 0 O The stop frequency setting 1000 000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Note The stop frequency should be set to a value higher than the start frequency If not error code E 03 will be displayed on DISPLAY C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will be not performed c Press the STEP FREQ key Set the desired step frequency initial setting is 1 kHz with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Step frequency 1kHz STEP ERE GIGAS Key strokes J kHz mv The step frequency setting 1 000000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Note In LOG SWEEP measurement applications STEP FR EQ has no meaning To set the instrument to logarithmic sweep mode press the BLUE key and the LOG SWEEP key the indicator lamp will come on In this mode automatic or manual sweeps are made at twenty frequency steps per decade Each step is calculated from the following formula F X 102 95N where F is the start frequency 5Hz 10Hz 100Hz 1 kHz 10kHz 100 kHz 1MHz or 10 MHz and N is an integer that represents the step number For example if the start frequency is 100kHz and the stop frequency is 1 MHz the sweep will be as follows 1 112 2018kHz 6 199 5262kHz 11 354 8133kHz 16 630 9573kHz 2 125 8925kHz 7 223 8721kHz 12 398 1071kHz 17 707 9457kHz 3 141 2537kHz 8 251 1886kHz 13 446 6835kHz 18 794 3282kHz 4 158 4893kHz 9 281 8382kHz 14 501 1872kHz 19 891 2509kHz 5
58. Kinz HEWLETT PACKARD OPERATION AND SERVICE MANUAL MODEL 4192A LF IMPEDANCE ANALYZER SERIAL NUMBERS This manual applies to instruments with serial numbers prefixed 215QJ and above COPYRIGHT YOKOGAWA HEWLETT PACKARD LTD 1983 9 1 TAKAKURA CHO HACHIOJI SH TOKYO JAPAN Manual Part No 04192 90001 Microfiche Part No 04192 90050 Printed APR 1984 Model 4192A Section I Paragraphs 1 1 to 1 5 SECTION GENERAL INFORMATION 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 This operating manual contains the information required to install operate and test the Hewlett Packard Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer Figure 1 1 shows the instrument and supplied accessories This section covers specifications instrument identification descrip tion options accessories and other basic information 1 3 Listed on the title page of this manual is a micro fiche part number This number can be used to order 4 X 6 inch microfilm transparencies of the manual Each micofiche contains up to 60 photo duplicates of the manual pages The microfiche package also includes the latest manual changes supplement as well as all pertinent service notes To order an additional manual use the part number listed on the title page of this manual 11170A 16047A i NS Figure 1 1 1 4 DESCRIPTION 1 5 The HP Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer is a fully automatic high performance test instrument designed to me
59. NUAL SWEEP STEP UP w2 W2 and W4 act as STEP UP and STEP STEP DOWN W4 DOWN when the SWEEP mode is set to MANUAL W0 AUTOSWEEP STARTUP W2 W2 and W4 act as START UP and PAUSE w3 START DOWN when the SWEEP mode is t START DOWN W4 set to AUTO WI CIRCUIT auto a 4 MODE Series 52 Parallel C3 my ii a a 0 sss GAIN MODE dBm Nl These programming codes cannot be used dBV N2 when DISPLAY A function is set to Al mannanna amm an t EA EE Aa i is a the ZY RANGE 2 1 2 10S j RI Remote programming code RI cannot 109 1S R2 be used with some SPOT FRE OSC 1002 100mS R3 LEVEL settings 1kQ NOms R4 T0kQ imS R5 100k9 100uS R6 IMQ 10uS Ri AUTO R8 TRIGGER INT pi These code only set the TRIGGER mode EXT T2 they do not trigger the instrument HOLD MANUAL T3 Data Ready OFF po If Data Ready is set to ON an SRQ signal ON DI is output when the measurement is com pleted Output Data Displays A B Fo Refer to paragraph 3 125 and Figure 3 36 Format Displays A B C FI Execute l EX This code is used to trigger the instru ment Default code 2 These programming codes cannot be used when DISPLAY A function is set to A5 A6 or A7 Section IHI Paragraphs 3 123 to 3 126 3 123 Parameter Setting 3 124 The 4192A can be set to eleven parameters
60. OOOCVM ECOSOC ny ee Measurement Frequency 6 rad Bias Voltage i i a R G B A dB A B dBm ALB ABV Measurement Frequency 6 deg 8 rad GROUP DELAY Measurement Frequency F iN Bias Voltage These numbers match the numbers of the illustrations in Figure 3 41 Section HI Figure 3 41 Model 4192A FSX 3 pe IZIZIYIZR G 2 FSx2 0 FSx1 3 L C D Q 4 deg Note START STOP START STOP FREQ BIAS FREQ BIAS gt z A Q D 5 0 FSxX1 3 Lo az so START STOP START STOP FREQ BIAS FREQ BIAS 180 Q FSx1 3 fat Ot S404 180 FSx1 3 START STOP 0 FSx1 3 FREQ BIAS R G FS Full Scale Value of the Range Jen LL o UR Figure 3 41 Plot Areasof RECORDER OUTPUTS sheet 1 of 2 Medel 4192A on f sa wW cA gt lt Figure 3 41 Section IH Figure 3 41 START STOP FREQ BIAS AD 100 re 0 100 START STOP FREQ BIAS Piot Areas of RECORDER OUTPUTS sheet 2 of 2 3 83 Section III Model 4192A Paragraphs 3 137 and 3 138 3 137 EXTERNAL SYNTHESIZER 3 138 The 4192A can be connected to an external fre quency synthesizer via the EXT VCO connector on the rear panel instead of built in frequency synthesizer to obtain a more accurate stable test signal Using this technique a frequency resolution of 1 mHz over the full frequency range from 5Hz to 13MHz can be obtained In addition a high stab
61. PEN offset is performed at 10MHz The The equations used for this are the same as those used in the 100kHz to 10 MHz range Fm Measuring frequency MHz Fs Frequency at which ZERO SHORT offset adjustment is performed M H2 Fo Rs Xs Go Bo Rm Xm Gm Gm Recalculated offset data Displayed value of DUT Value measured by the 4192A includes offset error equations used for this are the same as those used in the SO0Hz to 1MHzrange Frequency at which ZERO OPEN offset adjustment is performed MHz Rc Xc Ge Be ZERO SHORT offset data ZERO OPEN offset data Rp Xp Gp Bp The ZERO OPEN offset adjustment should be performed at each measuring frequency in measurements on grounded devices 3 50 Model 4192A Gd Gm Go Bd Gm Bo where Gd Bd Displayed Values Gm Bm Measured Values Go Bo ZERO OPEN offset data The 4192A calculates ZERO OPEN offset data at other frequencies using the ZERO OPEN offset data at a particular frequency as shown in Table 3 18 and compensates measured values at the other frequencies 3 82 Actual Measurement Equivalent Circuit 3 83 The measuring circuit used to connect a test sample to the UNKNOWN terminals actually becomes part of the sample which the instrument measures The four terminal pair configuration measurement employed in the 4192A offers minimum residual impedance in the measuring circuit However the four terminal pair meas urement system must b
62. SC LEVEL key or TEST LEVEL MONITOR key is pressed oscillator level will be decremented by 1mV when level is less than 100mV or 5mV when level is greater than 100mV each time this key is pressed Sweep becomes continuous when this key is pressed and held Ga TRIGGER These keys select the trigger mode for triggering measurement Internal External or Hold Manual INT Internal trigger signal enables instru ment to make repeated automatic measurements Measurement speed varies depending on the type of meas urement oscillator frequency and whether normal average or high speed is selected EXT Measurement is triggered by external trigger signal through rear panel EXT TRIGGER input connector Qin Figure 3 3 HOLD MANUAL Measurement is triggered each time this key is pushed Measurement data is held until the next time the key is pressed ZY RANGE Select Keys and Indicator In impedance measurements these keys select the measurement range and ranging method of the absolute value of impedance IZI 1 Q 1MQ or admittance 1 Y 10s S 10 4S Section III Figure 3 2 AUTO when indicator is lit Optimum range for the sample value is automatically selected MANUAL when indicator is not lit Measurement range is fixed even when the sample is changed Manual ranging is done by pressing adjacent DOWN 2 or UP key Note Pressing DOWN or UPE key sets the ranging mode to Manu
63. START and STOP frequencies or dc bias Sweep can be automatic or manual Sweep Mode Linear sweep mode sweeps at specified step and logarithmic sweep mode 20 measurement points per frequency decade X10 STEP Multiplies the specified frequency dc bias step by 10 in linear manual sweeps PAUSE Key Temporarily stops swept measurements SWEEP ABORT Key Makes sweep cancellation DC bias sweeps can be made for impedance measurements only RECORDER OUTPUT DC outputs proportional to measured values of DISPLAY A DISPLAY B and measuring frequency or de bias PEN LIFT output and X Y recorder scaling outputs are provided Maximum Output 1V Output Voltage Accuracy 0 5 of output voltage 20mV FIVE NONVOLATILE STORAGE REGISTERS Memorize five complete instrument measurement configurations Measurement configurations can be set from the front panel from the HP 1B or both HP IB INTERFACE Data output and remote control via the HP IB based on IEEE Std 488 and ANSI MC1 1 Interface Capability SH AHI T5 L4 SRI RLI DC1 DTI Remote Control Function All front panel functions except LINE ON OFF switch and X10 STEP key Data Output Measured values of DISPLAY A DISPLAY B and measuring frequency or dc bias SELF TEST Performs the 4192A basic operation checks and displays the test results when power is turned on or when the SELF TEST mode is set by the SELF TEST key or via HP 1B TRIGGER Internal
64. Section III Paragraphs 3 30 to 3 33 storage registers These registers are used to store five different frequently used front panel control settings Stored control settings are preserved not erased in the registers even when the instrument is turned off Frequently used control settings can be saved and then recalled instead of having to reenter the measurement conditions each time This feature improves efficiency in applications where repetitive measurements are made Almost all front panel control settings and test parameter settings including reference data and zero calibration data can be saved Exceptions are listed below HP IB status DISPLAY A B measurement data LINE OFF ON CABLE LENGTH BIAS ON SPOT BIAS 3 32 Use the following procedure to save and recall a measurement condition 1 Set the front panel controls and test parameters as desired 2 Press the SAVE key and the register number 0 4 All front panel control settings and test parameter settings are now saved or memorized in the specified register 3 To restore the instrument to the control settings and test parameters saved in step 2 press the RCL key and the register number 3 33 The instrument is equipped with two rechargeable batteries that provide power for the storage registers when the instrument is turned off They are automatical ly recharged while the instrument is turned on Specifica tions are given below Operating time
65. TERNAL CONTROL SWITCH Basic operation of the 4192A can be altered by changing the bit switch settings of the internal control switch A6S2 Refer to Table 3 28 for a description of the function of each bit sswitch Use the following pro cedure to gain access to the internal control switch 1 2 3 4 POTENTIAL SHCOK HAZARD Turn off the instrument and disconnect the power cable Remove the two plastic instrument feet located at the upper corners of the rear panel Fully loosen the top cover retaining screw located at the rear of the top cover Slide the top cover towards the rear and lift off WARNING DO NOT TOUCH ANY OF THE EXPOSED COMPO NENTS CAPACITORS MAY STILE BE CHARGED WITH HAZARDOUS VOLTAGE LEVELS EVEN THOUGH POWER IS RE MOVED FROM THE INSTRUMENT A6 Board 04192 66506 Model 4192A 5 With the top cover removed the A7 A8 and A10 6 7 board assemblies are visible These boards are on a single mounting plate which opens much like the hood of an automobile The A6 board as sembly upon which the internal control switch is located is mounted on the underside of this mounting plate To raise the mounting plate re move the six retaining screws and pull up the two plastic fasteners located toward the front of the mounting plate Raise the mounting plate until it comes to rest at the rear of the instrument Be sure that the safety catch locks in place The internal c
66. THE SAMPLE THE BIAS ON INDICATOR COMES ON WHILE THE BIAS ON INDICATOR IS ON REMEMBER THAT THE 4192A IS OUTPUTTING A DC BIAS VOLTAGE FROM THE UNKNOWN TERMINALS EVEN IF DISPLAY C IS NOT DISPLAYING THE BIAS VOLTAGE 2 Press the BLUE key and the BIAS OFF key to stop output of the internal dc bias voltage The BIAS ON indicator lamp will go off BIAS OFF Key strokes WARNING WHEN A DC BIAS VOLTAGE EXCEEDING 5V IS BEING OUTPUT AND THE BIAS OFF KEY IS PRESSED THE BIAS ON INDICATOR LAMP GOES OFF BUT THE OUTPUT VOLTAGE DOES NOT IMMEDIATELY RETURN TO 0V IT DECREASES LINEARLY as shown graphically below UNTIL IT REACHES 5V THE TRANSITION FROM 5V TO eV IS INSTANTANEOUS THE DISCHARGE TIME IS CALCULATED AS FOLLOWS BIAS OFF ye tq Lo es Where td Discharge Time s Vo Output Voltage V Cx DUT s Capacitance F Id Discharge Current 0 025A constant ex Vo 35V Cx IMF I i _ 30 x 0 001 _ td 005 1 2 s Figure 3 32 Operating Instructions for Internal DC Bias Supply 3 63 Section IH Model 4192A Paragraphs 3 103 and 3 104 3 103 Swept Bias Voltage Measurements 3 104 Basic operating instructions for swept bias voltage impedance measurements are given in Figure 3 33 Note Before proceeding with the procedure given below set the 4192A s controls as necessary for an impedance measurement Refer to Figure 3 30 1 Setting Sweep Parameters
67. TION The following information is reference data and not guaranteed specifications TYPICAL MEASUREMENT ACCURACY Impedance Measurement Floating Accuracy when CABLE LENGTH is 1m 2 5 times percent error for frequencies above 1 MHz L C accuracy for D gt 1 1 D times accuracy specifications Low Grounded Impedance Measurement Accuracy To obtain low grounded measurement accuracy add the accuracy for floating impedance measurements given in the proceding tables to the additional error given in the figure below Compensation for residual impedance S 9pF at lt 600kHz or approximately 20kQ at 2 600kHz must also be made using the 4192A s zero offset adjustment function iziii 8 LEVEL ZY Range HOOKR IMN gt 70MV Hh OOS 1005S lt 7ORV 1 0k82 mS gt 70mV 10KS 1mS Tom S LAURY 10mSa10S po _ requency Hz osc LEVEL ZY Range IAKO gt 70 1 Tonsvtos 4 Measuring F IZl lY Additional Error of reading or 0 Additional Error Degree K 100K IM 10M Measuring Frequency H2 MEASURING SPEED Refer to the figure below at fixed measuring frequency measurement range and OSC level for impedance measurement Specific information is provided in paragraph 3 55 for amplitude phase measurements and in paragraph 3 89 for im pedance measurements Speed in AVERAGE mode is approximately 7 times that for NORMAL mode 3 0 SEN Norinal S
68. aa iaa 0 6V c Set the selector switch on the 16096A to the GAIN PHASE position d The value displayed on DISPLAY A should be 20dBV 0 02dBV e Set the SPOT FREQ to 1MHz f Adjust CHANNEL A CABLE COMP on the 16096A until the value displayed on DISPLAY A is 20dBV 0 1dBV g Reconnect the 16096A as shown below UNKNOWN J CH A CH B 11170A 16096A Top View h Set the SPOT FREQ to kHz i The value displayed on DISPLAY A should be OdBV 0 04dBV j Set the SPOT FREQ to 1 MHz k Adjust CHANNEL B CABLE COMP on the 16096A until the value displayed on DISPLAY A is 0dBV t 0 1 dBV l Set the SPOT FREQ to 15 kHz m The values displayed on DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B should be OdBV 0 1 dBV and 0 0 5 respectively Figure 3 9 Cable Compensation Sheet 2 of 4 Section I Model 4192A Figure 3 9 2 Compensation procedure for the 10013A 10 1 Scope Probe a Connect the 11048C 50Q Feedthrough termination to the OSC OUTPUT terminal of the 4192A b Connect the two 11013A scope probes to CHANNEL A and B and to the 50Q feedthrough as shown in below OUTPUT A B 4192A Front Fj Panel 10013A ee c Set the 4192A s controls as follows DISPLAY A Function epose paua 000 cece ee eee A dBm dBV AVERAGE jist ae ete ables eS ean Sas Bae te OFF HIGH SPEED gadienaa ake ek ee oe a ee OFF SELE TEST sdnitess E eae ie es OFF SWEEP 4 Sie4 esis ee head Bae E A y MANUAL GAIN MODE oae Pi ac ei BESS A REG
69. able RF connectors as listed in Table 3 10 Place termi nations at the end of the transmission line Model No 11170A Table 3 9 BNC Cables Cable 30cm BNC male BNC male Double Shield Cable two 11170A s are fur nished with the 4192A When making a relative gain loss B A measurement with either the 4192A or a Network Analyzer using the input configurations shown in Figure 3 8 the measurement results are the same but those of an absolute amplitude A B measurement may differ This is because the 4192A uses a passive 2 resistor power splitter and the Network Analyzer uses an active power splitter CH A D E s ay HD CH B V passive power active power splitter splitter Table3 10 Impedance Terminations Model No Termination 11048C SOQ Feedthrough two 11048C s are fur nished with the 4192A Shield Cable two 11170B s are fur nished with the 16097A Accessory Kit 1 1094B 75Q Feedthrough two 11094B s are fur nished with the 11097A 11095A 120cm BNC male BNC male Double Shield Cable two 11170C s are fur nished with the 4192A furnished with the 16 97A Model 4192A l Section III Figure 3 8 D GAIN LOSS PHASE MEASUREMENT Power 502 Feedthrough A LOSS GAIN PHASE MEASUREMENT Z 502 AN Power 5082 Feedthroughs Splitter ee ee Osc Splitter ee OUTPUT Zi Z E CH B OUTPUT ddr h a
70. al even if the ranging mode was set to AUTO GAIN MODE Selector Key In amplitude phase measurements these keys select the appropriate unit for A absolute ampli tude of reference input and B absolute amplitude of test input dBm Displays absolute amplitude in dBm 20 logio V 13 01 dBV Displays absolute amplitude in dBV 20 logig V CIRCUIT MODE Selector Key These keys select desired measurement circuit mode to be used for R G C or L measurement AUTO Automatically selects appropriate par allel or series equivalent circuit for the sample value When ZY RANGE s up ranges from the 1kQ 10ms range to 10kQ lms range circuit mode changes from wto R When ZY RANGE down ranges from the 10082 100ms range to 1082 ls range circuit mode changes from off tow etre Selects equivalent series circuit Rk Note In Z I lY measurements ranging does not affect the measurement circuit mode CIRCUIT MODE keys are used to select Zl or Y When the circuit mode is set to AUTO orowe IZI is selected when the circuit mode is set to Q IYI is selected Selects equivalent parallel circuit Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features Sheet 8 of 10 3 9 Section III Figure 3 2 Model 4192A p 2192A LE IMPEDANCE ANALYZER v DISPLAY A es SRA USTEN TALK REMOTE i Gg o o 0O 9 UNKNOWN a ee RE Ose Neta oeut COG RESERECE TEST RV WMS 1350 MAX
71. alue of the DUT and B is the stored reference value X 100 CHANNEL B TEST INPUT Connector Used in conjunction with CHANNEL A 8 and OSC OUTPUT O in transmission characteris tics measurements i e gain loss B A level A or B phase group delay Output port of the net work under test is connected to this connector Input impedance is 1 MQ 2 shunted by 25 pF 5 pF Maximum input voltage is AC 2 Vrms and DC 35V Section IH Figure 3 2 CHANNEL A REFERENCE INPUT Connector Used in conjunction with CHANNEL B 8 and OSC OUTPUT O in transmission characteris tics measurements i e gain loss B A level A or B phase group delay The 5 Hz 13 MHz signal from OSC OUTPUT O is simultaneously applied to the input port of the network under test and this connector Input impedance shunt capa citance and maximum input voltage of CHAN NEL A are the same as those of CHANNEL B8 CABLE LENGTH Switch This switch has meaning in impedance measure ments only It facilitates balancing of the me asur ing bridge circuit and minimizes measurement errors when the standard 1 meter test leads are used lm Set the switch to this position when using the standard 1 meter test leads Appropriate compensation is made for propagation delay and phase error caused by the test leads in high frequency measurements 0 Set the switch to this position when using a direct at tachment type test fixture connects
72. alues for parallel and series equivalents are nearly equal when the dissipation factor is less than 0 03 The dissipation factor of a component always has the same ZY RANGE Figure 3 17 Auto Changing of the Measurement Equivalent Circuit 3 46 Model 41924 Section III Paragraphs 3 75 and 3 76 Table 3 17 Dissipation Factor Equations E ANAE Circuit Mode Dissipation Factor Conversion to Other Modes value at a given frequency for both parallel and series equivalents In ordinary LCR measuring instruments the measure ment circuit is set automatically or manually to a predetermined equivalent circuit with respect to either the selected range or to the dissipation factor value of the sample The wider circuit mode selection capabi lity of the 4192A which is free from these restrictions permits taking measurements in the desired circuit mode and of comparing such measured values directly with those obtained by another instrument This obviates the inconvenience and necessity of employing instru ments capable of taking measurements with the same equivalent circuit to assure measurement result cor respondence Figure 3 18 Parallel and Series Parameter Relationship 1 D Ls G 3 75 Unkown Terminals 3 76 For connecting the sample to be tested the 4192A employs measurement
73. ameters of a component or circuit at the fre quency test signal level and dc bias level found in actual real world operation I Measuring Frequency 5Hz to 13MHz 2 OSC Level 5mVrms to 1 1 Vrms 3 DC bias voltage 35V to 35 V Frequency and bias can be automatically or manually swept full range in either direction OSC level can also be swept manual only at 1mV steps SmV steps at levels above 100mV The actual test signal voltage across the DUT or the test signal current through the DUT can be measured Instructions for impedance meansurements are given in paragraphs 3 69 through 3 108 3 69 Measurement Functions 3 70 The 4192A simultaneously measures two in dependent complementary impedance parameters in each measurement cycle This combination of measure ment parameters represents both the resistive and reactive Model 4192A characteristics of the sample A total of fourteen meas urement parameters two are duplicates make up the twelve sclectable parameter combinations These meas urement functions are classified for display purpose into two groups DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B func tions as given in Table 3 13 DISPLAY A function group comprises the primary measurement parameters and measured values are displayed on DISPLAY A DIS PLAY B functions include a group of subordinate para meters the availability of which are partially dependent on the primary function Selected and measured values are disp
74. an be shortened by changing the setting of an internal control switch refer to 3 27 Section III Model 4192A Paragraphs 3 57 and 3 58 3 57 Test Fixture Characteristics 3 58 Compensation for the error causing parasitic elements of the test fixtures used in amplitude phase measurements is described in Figure 3 9 Additional error introduced into amplitude phase measurements by the 16096A test fixture after compensation is as follows B Aerror 0 1dB Phase error 0 1 A Berror 0 1 0 06F dB where F is the Frequency of the test signal in MHz Input impedance of CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B is 1M amp 2 shunted by 30pF 1 Cable compensation for the 16096A Test Fixture a Connect the 16096A Test Fixture to the UNKNOWN terminals of the 4192A as shown below UNKNOWN 4192A Front Panel Im cable OUT CH A CH B furaisted with O 16096A Set to the 771 7 GAIN PHASE 7 11170A POSITION furnished BNC Tee with 4192A furnished with 16096A 16096A Top View b Set the 4292A s controls as follows DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Funciton AVERAGE Figure 3 9 Cable Compensation Sheet 1 of 4 3 28 Model 4192A Section III Figure 3 9 SELFA TEST Nod Coven cna a seen hacks OFF SWEEP xcs acces gel fens eee da helt pula coll fe MANUAL TRIGGER ths auaa a eter enue a ee notin a gots INT IG e psc lings Aid apehince Lethe bes Geek piece eat a dis OFF SPOT FREQ o oo ooann aaan l kHz OSC LEVEL diine a a a
75. ase and group delay over the measurement ranges listed in Table 3 8 Measurement resolution also listed in the table are for NORMAL and AVERAGE measurement modes Resolution in HIGH SPEED measurement mode is one digit lower than these values Model 4192A Table 3 8 Measurement Range for Amplitude Phase Measurements Measurement Measurement Resolution Function Range OdB 204B 0 001 dB B A ar ae eT 204B 1004B 0 01dB 13 8dBm 20dBm 0 001 dBm A B dBm 20dBm 874Bm HE 0 O1dBm 0 8dBV 20dBV_ Toooraev MBSE 20dBV ae 100aBV 0 01 Ol aBV 0 0001 us 1 9999 us 100 ps 0 001 us 19 999 us Ins 0 01 us 19 199 99 us 10ns GROUP gt ___ DELAY 0 0001 ms 1 9999 ms 100ns 0 001 ms oY 19 999ms l ps 0 01 ms 199 99ms 10 us O 0001s 1 9999s 100 ts 0 001s 19 9995 _ lms 0 deg 0 pe 180 0 01 Ges 1 000 0 001 6 rad 1 0000 0000 0 0001 1 000 7 0 001 Measurement range at GROUP DELAY is deter mined automatically by AF STEP FREQ X 2 and A6 Specific information on GROUP DELAY meas urements is provided in paragraphs 3 63 to 3 66 Table 3 7 DISPLAY A B Functions for Amplitude Phase Measurements DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Function B A dB Relative Amplitude of the Re ference Input and the Test Input GROUP DELAY Group Delay in seconds
76. asure a wide range of impedance para meters as well as gain phase and group delay The 4192A improves efficiency and quality in the develop ment and production of many types of complex compo nents semiconductors and materials Complete network analysis of devices such as filters crystals and audio video equipment plus evaluation of the impedance character istics of their circuit components can be performed These tests can be performed using test signals equivalent to those found under actual operating conditions The two measurement display sections DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B provide direct readout of the selected meas 8120 1378 se 04192 61001 oe n 11048C Modei 4192A and Accessories 1 1 Section I Paragraphs 1 6 to 1 9 urement parameters with 4 digit resolution along with the appropriate units In NORMAL mode operation the 4192A performs approximately five measurements per second The 4192A also provides an AVERAGE meas urement mode approximately one measurement per second to obtain measurement data of higher resolution and repeatabily than is possible in NORMAL measure ment mode and a HIGH SPEED measurement mode to perform approximately
77. bias voltage and normalized by following equations 1 Vmax Bias Voltage STOP BIAS START BIAS Measuring Frequency Linear Sweep SPOT FREQ START FREQ STOP FREQ START FREQ 3 Measuring Frequency Logarithmic Sweep 1 og SPOT FREQ 10 1 log 10 10 71 where 10 lt START FREQ lt 10 107 1 STOP FREQ lt 10 Notes J When the parameter displayed on the Test Parameter Data Display is not the measuring frequency or internal dc bias voltage the output voltage from the FREQ BIAS con nector does not change 2 Figure 3 41 shows the plot areas for all parameter settings of DISPLAY A DIS PLAY Band FREQ BIAS connectors 3 135 Control Capabilities for Analog Output 3 136 The X Y RECORDER OUTPUTS function of the 4192A provides the following control capabilities to plot the characteristics curve of the sample easily quickly and clearly 1 Controlof Pen Position on the X Y Recorder Zero adjustment and sensitivity adjustment of the X Y recorder can be performed using the follow ing control keys on the front panel of the 4192A Ye LL DISPLAY A DISPLAY B and FREQ BIAS connectors output OV UR t DISPLAY A DISPLAY B and FREQ BIAS connectors output 1V Model 4192A Section HI Figure 3 40 Notes 3 Interpolation I The X Y RECORDER ON OFF key should The X Y recorder function of the 41927A pro be set to OFF indicator lamp off when vides automati
78. c interpolation of ali three RE the X Y recorder zero adjustment or sensiti CORDER OUTPUTS to ensure distortion free vity adjustment is performed In this case 44 accurate plots on the X Y recorder Maximum LL is set automatically interpolation time the time required for the three 2 Figure 3 41 shows the positions of 4 LL and RECORDER OUTPUTS to go from OV J LL UR t in the plot areas for all parameter to 1V UR t is approximately 30 seconds settings of DISPLAY A DISPLAY B and Ai eee l r a FREQ BIAS connectors Note Interpolation is performed for all three RECORDER OUTPUTS even though only 2 Control Signals for X Y Recorder Pen Lift TTL two are connected to the X Y recorder Controls Actual interpolation time is determined by When the X Y recorder is equipped with pen lift the largest change among the three out puts TTL controls pen lift can be done automatical Consequently if the unconnected RE ly by the TTL level output from the PEN lift CORDER OUTPUT has the largest change connector on the 4192A s rear panel When the interpolation time is determined by this pen lift signal is LOW TTL the X Y recorder RECORDER OUTPUT not the other two pen is down When the pen lift signal is HIGH whose change may be very small TTL the X Y recorder pen is up Note When the SWEEP ABORT 4 LL or UR key is pressed the X Y recorder pen is up EQUIPMENT XY RECOPde 25 2 2 4be Lay gdb Rah Rb 8 Sake eR ORS ERa ee ERA HP7046A
79. ceeding 35V to the OSC OUTPUT terminal even if the blocking capacitor is used tane 2 aje ninh Output Rests 3 o 10 199 Yk 10k 300k Measurement Frequency Hz Figure 3 10 Operating Instructions for Amplitude Phase Measurement Sheet 3 of 3 3 61 Swept Frequency Measurements 3 62 Basic operating instructions for swept frequency amplitude phase measurements are given in Figure 3 11 Note Before proceeding with the procedure given below set the 4192A s controls as necessary for an am plitude phasemeasurement Refer to Figure 3 10 1 Setting Sweep Parameters a Press the START FREQ key Set the start lower limit frequency initial setting is 5Hz of the desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Start frequency 10kHz lithe kiz my Key strokes ogn The start frequency setting 10 00000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Test Parameter Data Dis play Figure 3 11 Operating Instructions for Swept Frequency Amplitude Phase Measurements Sheet 1 of 4 3 34 Model 4192A Section lI Figure 3 11 b Press the STOP FREQ key Set the stop upper limit frequency initial setting is 13MHz of the desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Stop frequency 1 MHz SPOT EREQHIAS MHz v
80. ceives an illegal front panel control setting via the program Bit 4 This bit is set when the 4192A receives a trigger signal before the last measurement is com pleted Bit 6 This bit is set when the 4192A has a hardware error If Self Test is set to ON this bit is set when the instrument fails the Self Test Bit 5 is independent of bit 7 RQS signal This bit is set when auto sweep measurement self test or zero offset adjustment is being performed and is reset when the next trigger comes Figure 3 37 Status Byte for the 4192A 3 129 Programming Guide for 4192A Table 3 26 Sample Program using 98254 9835A 3 130 Sample programs for HP Model 9825A 9835A Sample i gs i Figure Description Desktop Computers are provided in Figures 3 38 and Program 3 39 These programs are listed in Table 3 26 Remote control and data output in Notes spot measurement l Specific information for HP IB programming with the 9825A or 9835A are provided in the 9825A or 9835A l auto sweep measurement programming manual 2 Equipment required for these sample programs in cludes 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer 98034A HP IB Interface Card 9825A Desktop Computer with 98210A String Advanced Programming ROM 98213A General I O Extended I O ROM or 9835A Desktop Computer with 98332A General I O ROM 3 75 Section III Model 4192A Figure 3 38 Sample Program 1 Description This pr
81. cies using the ZERO offset data taken at a particular frequency as shown in Table 3 18 and compen sates measured values at other frequencies When a swept frequency measurement is performed ZERO offset adjustment should be performed at the appropriate frequency in accordance with Table 3 18 In this procedure Example START FREQ 100kHz and STOP FREQ 1MHz ZERO offset adjustment SHO RT and OPEN should be performed at IMHz 1 Setting Sweep Parameters a Press the START FREQ key Set the start lower limit frequency initial setting value is 5Hz of the desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appro priate ENTER key Example Start frequency 100kHz AN Key strokes C ES e The start frequency setting 100 0000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Test Parameter Data Dis play kHe mv b Press the STOP FREQ key Set the stop upper limit frequency initial setting is 13MHz of the desired sweep frequency range with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Stop frequency 1 MHz stae MHz v EREQ BAS Key strokes c g9 The stop frequency setting 1000 000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Note The stop frequency should be higher than the start frequency If not error code E 03 will be displayed on DISPLAY C when swept measurement is attempted and measurement will be not performed c Press the STEP FREQ key Set t
82. cified at measuring terminals when the following conditions are satisfied 1 Warmup Time gt 30 minutes 2 Ambient Temperature 23 C 5 C error limits double for 0 C to 55 C temperature range 3 Measuring Speed NORMAL or AVERAGE mode Note Additional errors due to the power splitter feedthrough termination etc are to be added to specifi cations given here The measurement accuracy of each parameter is given below The accuracy depends on input absolute level of each channel and the measuring frequency B A and 6 Measurements Accuracies Accuracies are the sum of each channel accuracy given in the table below For example when the frequency is 1 kHz A channel is 15 dBV and B channel is 25dBV the uncertainty contributed by each channel to the B A error is 0 01dB 0 05 and 0 05dB 0 15 respectively Therefore the final ac curacy of 0 06dB 0 2 is given by the accuracy of both channels Group Delay Measurements Accuracy Accuracy is derived from the following equation phase accuracy A04 and A6 x are read from the table below Ad Abg group delay accuracy 30 X AF s where A a Channel A phase accuracy degree Ag Channel B phase accuracy degree AF Step Frequency Hz gt 0 8 f measuring frequency Hz Qo 0 008 0 2 f dB 0 045dB 0 025 0 02F dB 10 g 0 04 1 F 0 08 0 08F F measuring frequency MHz 20 Equations in table represent g 0 047 0 2 f dB 0 04 0
83. ct test fixture They all have parasitic elements that affect measurement accuracy This is also true of the measurement circuit To minimize the effect these parasitic elements have on measurements the 4192A is equipped with an automatic ZERO offset adjustment capability Refer to Figure 3 30 for the ZERO offset procedure 3 81 The 4192A measures R jX impedance in equivalent series circuit mode and G jB admittance in equivalent parallel circuit mode All other impedance parameters are calculated from R jX or Gt jB refer to paragraph 3 69 When one of the other impedance parameters is measured after offset adjustment com pensation is made on the raw measurement data R jX or G jB before conversion into the selected parameter 1 ZERO SHORT All measurement errors are represented as two series residual parameters R jX as shown in Figure 3 22 and measured values are compensated with following equations Figure 3 22 Residual Impedance 3 49 Section I Model 4192A Table 3 18 Rd Rm Rs Table 3 18 and contpensates measured values at Xd Xm Xs other frequencies where Rd Xd Displayed values Rm Xm Measured values 2 ZERO OPEN Rs Rs ZERO SHORT offset data Ail measurement errors are represented as two parallel stray parameters G jB as shown in Figure 3 23 and measured values are compensated with following equations The 4192A calculates ZERO SHORT offset data at other frequencies using the ZERO SHORT
84. ctly to the UNKNOWN terminals When standard lm test cables are used for measurements the CABLE LENGTH switch is set to the 1m position to properly adapt measuring circuit for the test cables and to minimize additional measurement errors The 0 position is selected for direct attachment type test fixtures Notes 1 When the HP16047B Test Fixture is used with the 4192A set CABLE LENGTH switch to Im position 2 If test cable is longer or shorter than the standard Im test cable the additional error contributed is pro portional to the square of the frequency As the characteristic impedance of the test cable is also a Test Cable oO 82 Wove length A 02 01 2r radian Irad 57 2958 Figure 3 21 Test Signa Phase on Test Cables Section II Paragraphs 3 77 to 3 8 factor in the propagation loss and phase shift and of resultant measurement error using different type test cables must be avoided Be sure to use the standard test cables available from Hewlett Packard 3 To minimize incremental measurement errors at fre quencies above 4MHz convert four terminal pair to three terminal configuration at cable ends by con necting High and Low side cables respectively with low impedance straps as illustrated do not extend cables of four terminal pair The residual error factors Lo and Co are shown in the figure LCUR LPOT Hrot HCUR BRACKET 3 79 ZERO Offset Adjustment 3 80 There is no perfe
85. cts 502 Feed Thru B LOSS GAIN PHASE MEASUREMENT Z 600 E COMPARING TWO NETWORKS 5500 CH A CH A Power i SEIETAN 6002 eee E ie 5502 502 Feedthroughs Ose lt A Z CHB OUTPUT i Splitter a ose ziz CH B HA v cuTur Haan soe Ee C LOSS GAIN PHASE MEASUREMENT Z 309 F FLOATING NETWORK MEASUREMENT H amp EA CHA fra AK Power p z ower Splitter Splitter o 7 son Feedthroughs OSC OUTPUT OSC OUTPUT oe H E Sarpa ee Floating Network Balancing Transformer Figure 3 8 Input Configurations 3 25 Section IU Paragraphs 3 48 to 3 53 3 48 Impedance Matching 3 49 In most measurement applications the network under test must be driven and terminated in its charac teristics impedance If the characteristic impedance of the network matches the 50Q output impedance of the 4192A OSC OUTPUT the network can be connected directly to the OSC OUTPUT through the power splitter as shown in Figure 3 8 A In this case both the refer ence input and test input should be terminated with a 50Q Feedthrough and connected to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B respectively 3 50 If the characteristic impedance of the network is greater than 5092 a compensating resistor can be added in series with the OSC OUTPUT between the power splitter and the network to obtain the required output impedance For example if the input impedance of the network is 6009 a 5502 resistor can be added in
86. cts the fixture from terminals a Insert a low impedance shorting bar to the Test Fixture to short circuit the UNKNOWN terminals to OQ OH b Press the BLUE key and then the ZERO SHORT key Indicator lamp will come on and R resistance and X reactance offset adjustments are automatically performed at the spot frequency displayed on DISPLAY C refer to paragraph 3 79 CAL calibration is displayed on DISPLAY A and will remain until the offset adjustment is completed a value of approximately zero will then be displayed SHORT Key strokes c Remove the shorting bar from the test fixture d Setthe circuit mode to off e Press the BLUE key and the ZERO OPEN key Indicator lamp will come on and G conductance and B susceptance offset adjustments are automatically performed at the spot measuring frequency displayed on DISPLAY C refer to paragraph 3 79 CAL calibration is displayed on DISPLAY A and will remain until the offset adjustment is completed a value of approximately zero will then be displayed Erin Key strokes fe 4 Connecting a DUT Device Under Test a Connect a DUT to Test Fixture Note To accurately set the test signal level use the TEST LEVEL MONITOR key to monitor the actual test signal level applied to the DUT voltage or current refer to paragraph 3 91 If necessary reset OSC LEVEL at step 3 1 b The 4192A will automatically display the measured values of the DUT in accordance with the
87. d as follows Cerror LoCx 100 Lerror w CoLx 100 w 2af f test frequency Cx Capacitance value of sample Lx Inductance value of sample At low frequencies Lo and Co affect the measured in ductance and capacitance values respectively as simple additive errors These measurement errors cannot be fully eliminated by the ZERO offset adjustment which permits compensating for residual factors inherent in the where ft 3 52 test fixture used This is because Lo and Co are peculiar to the component being measured Their values depend on component lead length and on the distance between the sample and test fixture The measurement results then are substantially the sample values including the parasitic impednaces present under the conditions neces sary to connect and hold the sample Figure 3 27 Effect of Resonance in Sample Example Model 4192A 3 86 Measured Values and Behavior of Components 3 87 Measured resistive and reactive conductive or susceptive parameter values of a component are not always close to their respective nominal values In addition certain electrical effects can cause the measure ment to vary widely Measured sample values include factors which vary such values because of electromagnetic effects such as the well known skin effect of a conductor the general characteristics of ferromagnetic inductor cores and effects of dielectric materials in capacitors Here
88. dividually in Qe thru ENTER Keys These keys instruct the instrument to read the test parameter data and reference data set by the PARAMETER Select keys 7 and DATA Input keys G9 Data are not input until one of these keys is pressed MHz V Enters the value input from the DATA Input keys in MHz for frequency parameters or V for bias parameters Section III Figure 3 2 kHz mV Enters the value input from the DATA Input keys in kHz for frequency parameters or mV for bias parameters Hz REF DATA Enters the value input from the DATA Input key 19 in Hz for fre quency parameters or as reference data for deviation measurements RCL Recall Key This key is used to return the instrument to the front panel control settings test parameter values calibration data ZERO OPEN SHORT 29 and reference data saved by the SAVE key 22 DATA Input keys O thru 4 are used to select the desired register For example to return the instrument to the control settings stored in register 0 press fal and SAVE Key This key is used to save store front panel con trol settings test parameter values calibration data ZERO OPEN SHORT G and reference data There are five registers 0 thru 4 so five sets of control settings can be saved And because the registers are nonvolatile saved control settings can be recalled RCL key CY even if the instru ment has been turned off To store existing con trol settings pres
89. ds on the type of impedance matching network used and on the various impedance ratios Whenever a loss is encountered an equal loss should be introduced in CHANNEL A so that the reference input accurately represents the input of the network This can be accomplished by placing iden tical shunt resistances and identical terminations in both channels 3 52 When the network to be tested has a high input impedance 1 MHz and low output impedance 02 each channel should be terminated with a 50Q Feed through and then the network can be connected to CHANNEL B as shown in Figure 3 8 D 3 53 Deviation measurement from reference network can be performed by inserting the standard network be tween the power splitter and CHANNEL B Figure 3 8 E shows an input configuration of networks which have 502 characteristic impedance In this case both the Table 3 11 Balancing Transformers Mode N a Impedance Connectors See Unbalanced Balanced Unbalanced Balanced 11473A WECO 310 oo 6002 11473B Simence 9REL STP 6AC 11474A 02 or 75Q 135Q BNC WECO 241 11475A 1502 Simence 9REL STP 6AC 11476A 12422 WECO 408A Model 4192A reference input and test input should be terminated by 509 Feedthroughs and connected to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B respectively 3 54 Floating networks can be measured by floating from the measuring circuit using one of the balancing transformers listed in Table 3 11 Fi
90. e X con ductance G susceptance B inductance L capaci tance C dissipation factor D and quality factor Q Measurement range of Z R X is 0 1mQ to 1 2999MQ Y G B is 1 ns to 12 999s 0 is 180 00 to 180 00 L is 0 01mH to 1 000kH C is 0 1pF to 100 0mF D is 0 0001 to 19 999 Q is 0 1 to 1999 9 All have a basic accuracy of 0 1 and a resolution of 4 digits number of display digits depends on measuring frequency and OSC level setting Moreover the unique circuitry of the 4192A provides direct and accurate impedance measurements of both grounded and floated devices impedance measurements 1 9 The 4192A employs certain functions which make the best use of the intelligence capability of its microprocessor This microprocessor based design of the hardware makes operation of the 4192A simple yet improves performance to realize the accurate measuring capabilities Desired test parameters are fully program mable through the front panel control keys or via HP IB control a standard capability of the 4192A The devia tion measurement function eliminates the need for tedious deviation calculations Deviation measurement can be performed on all measuring parameters and is displayed as either the deviation A from a stored refer ence value or percent deviation A This feature is useful for environmental tests such as temperature characteristics measurement of filter loss and gain vs frequency for amplifiers The
91. e extremes which cause condensation inside the instrument 2 26 Packaging 2 27 Original Packaging Containers and materials identical to those used in factory packaging are available through Hewlett Packard offices If the instrument is being returned to Hewlett Packard for servicing attach a tag indicating the type of service required return address model number and full serial number Also mark the container FRAGILE to assure careful handling In any corres pondence refer to the instrument by model number and full serial number Section II Paragraphs 2 23 to 2 28 2 28 Other Packaging The following general instruc tions should be used for repackaging with commercially available ma terials a Wrap instrument in heavy paper or plastic If shipping to Hewlett Packard office or service center attach tag indicating type of service required return address model number and full serial number b Use strong shipping container A double walled carton made of 350 pound test material is adequate c Use enough shock absorbing material 3 to 4 inch layer around all sides of the instrument to provide a firm cushion and prevent movement inside con tainer Protect front pane with cardboard d Seal shipping container securely e Mark shipping container FRAGILE to ensure care ful handling f In any correspondence refer to instrument by model number and full serial number 2 5 Model 4192A Section Paragraphs 3 1 a
92. e converted to a two terminal configuration at near to the sample because ordinary components have two terminal leads Moreover addi tional stray capacitance appears in the measuring circuit when a sample is connected to the test fixture Figure 3 24 illustrates such stray capacitances present around the component leads 3 84 Diverse parasitic elements existing in the meas uring circuit between the unknown device and the measurement terminals will affect measurement results These undesired parasitic elements are present as resistive and reactive factors in series and conductive and suscep Section III Paragraphs 3 82 to 3 84 Figure 3 23 Stray Admittance Figure 3 24 Parasitic Elements incident to DUT Connections tive factors in parallel with the test component Figure 3 25 shows an equivalent circuit model of the measuring circuit which includes the parasitic elements usually Measured impedance Rm jXm is Rm R 1 RGo Gox 1 wCoX RGo RCo Gox Ro X_ 1 CoX wCoR it I CoX RGo RCo Goxy 0 Measured admittance Gm jBm is Gm jBm jf T wLoB GRo wGLo RoB 2 G 1 GRo RoB Go B 1 wLoB wLoG Wi lon GRo CLo RoB wCo Figure 3 25 Equivalent Circuits Including Residual Impedance 3 51 Section IH Paragraph 3 85 Mode 4192A Effect of residual impedance on C G measurement Cm Cx 1 LoC
93. e measurements DISPLAY B displays the value of the impedance admittance phase angle 6 degrees or radians reactance X susceptance B quality factor Q dissipation factor D resistance R or conductance G In amplitude phase measurements DISPLAY B displays either group delay or phase difference degrees or radians Refer to paragraph 3 13 for specifics on number of digits maximum display unit annunciators etc If the selected measurement cannot be made OF2 or is displayed Refer to Table 3 3 for the meaning of these annunciations 3 15 DISPLAY C displays all test parameter data SPOT FREQ BIAS STEP FREQ BIAS START FREQ BIAS STOP FREQ BIAS OSC LEVEL TEST LEVEL and REF A or REFB value Frequency is displayed with a maximum of 7 4 digits BIAS OSC LEVEL and TEST LEVEL are displayed with a maximum of 4 digits and REF A and REF B values are displayed with a maximum of 4 digits Error codes displayed on DISPLAY C are discussed in paragraph 3 17 3 16 The BIAS ON Indicator comes on to warn the operator that the instrument is applying a dc bias voltage across the DUT 3 17 Error codes and annunciations related to operator error and out of range measurement are listed and de scribed in Tables 3 2 and 3 3 respectively Error codes for errors detected during SELF TEST are listed and de scribed in Table 3 4 If the instrument fails the SELF TEST i e if one of the error codes listed in Table 3 4
94. e measuring range Display annunciators light to indicate the units of the displayed value Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features Sheet 1 of 10 Model 4192A Test Parameter Data Display DISPLAY C Displays test parame ter values FREQ BIAS and OSC LEVEL Test parameters are set by the test PARAMETER Select keys 7 Maximum 7 digits for frequency 4 digits for OSC LEVEL and DC BIAS Annunciator lamps located to the right of the display light to indicate the units of the displayed value Also displays error codes overflow annunciation and information related to the SAVE function BIAS ON Indicator Comes on when dc bias is applied to the DUT goes off when the BIAS OFF key is pressed A A Keys and Indicators These keys one for DISPLAY A and one for DISPLAY B are used for deviation A or per cent deviation A measurement For percent deviation A the key G must be pressed before the A A key A Delta The difference between the measured value of the DUT and a previously stored reference value is displayed by pressing this key The formula used to calculate the deviation is A B where A is the measured value of the DUT and B is the stored reference value A The difference between the measured value of the DUT and a previously stored reference value is displayed as a percentage of the reference value The formula used to calculate the per cent deviation is A B B where A is the measured v
95. ecessary 3 69 Section II Table 3 23 Model 4192A Item Recall Parameter Table 3 23 Remote Program Code Sheet 2 of 3 Control Program Code Description SPOT FREQ STEP FREQ START FREQ Upper Right STOP FREQ PFR SPOT BIAS BIR STEP BIAS SBR START BIAS TBR STOP BIAS PBR OSC LEVEL OLR REF A RAR REF B RBR TEST LEV L v TV MONITOR mA TA Key Status Save SAVEO SAO Memory SAVE 1 SAI SAVE 2 SA2 SAVE 3 SA3 i SAVE4 SA4 Saved Key RCLO RO Status Recall RCL 1 RCI RCL 2 RC2 RCL 3 RC3 RCL4 RC4 DC BIAS 2 OFF Io lieni PrE EEE E E B ZERO OPEN 2 OFF zoo ON ZOl ZEROSHORT OFF zso ON ZS1 AVERAGE OFF vo ON v1 HIGH SPEED OFF Ho ON HI SELF TEST ON s1 X Y RECORDER OFF xo LL and UR cannot be used when ON XI ithe X Y Recorder function is set to ON Lower Left LL X1 Model 4192A Section IM Table 3 23 Table 3 23 Remete Program Code Sheet 3 of 3 a item Contre Program Code Description Tiles EEIEIEE CA PEER saa t a ee STORE DISPLAY f A B je pee salma ath N dangasa a nine ts aaaea a inina LOG SWEEP OFF go ON Gi SWEEP ABORT AB PETIIN eine an SEESE CEY EEEREN ENA E ORANA iii EPE SAET S ae ee T En mn aie ie OER ian SWEEP MANUAL wo AUTO i Wi ee ns eA eMart Melee eee es Senet emis A MA
96. ed when the swept measurement ends reaches the stop frequency or start frequency To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed press BLUE key and then press the SWEEP ABORT key swete ABORT Key strokes To return to normal spot frequency measurement press the SWEEP AUTO key indicator lamp goes off Figure 3 11 Operating Instructions for Swept Frequency Amplitude Phase Measurements Sheet 3 of 4 3 36 Model 4192A Section III Paragraphs 3 63 and 3 64 Note When a swept frequency measurement is made if the sweep comes to a frequency band which has lower frequency resolution than the STEP FREQ this STEP FREQ automatically changes to the next higher resolution frequency and the sweep continues In special cases for group delay measurement E 10 appears on DISPLAY C and the sweep stops sms terre msaani aae a a Ot et rrr rt nen rrr errr tS St Figure 3 11 Operating Instructions for Swept Frequency Amplitude Phase Measurements Sheet 3 of 4 3 63 Group Delay Measurement 3 64 The 4192A can measure group delay at a spot frequency or swept frequency Figure 3 12 shows a group delay measurement at a spot frequency where Fm Spot frequency Hz Fs Step frequency Hz F First measuring frequency Hz 62 F Second measuring frequency Hz AF Fa F 2 Fs 6 Phase deg at first measuring a frequency E 6 Phase deg at second measuring 82 frequency AG 6 4
97. el equivalents because both have identical impedances at the selected measurement frequency by properly establishing the values of the equivalent circuit elements The equiva lent circuit to be measured is selected by setting the CIRCUIT MODE control When the CIRCUIT MODE is set to AUTO the 4192A will automatically select either parallel or series equivalent circuit mode as appropriate for the ZY RANGE as shown in Figure 3 17 In the figure the CIRCUIT MODE does not change at 1002 100mS to I0k l1mS measurement can be performed not only in equivalent series circuit w mode but equivalent parallel circuit ofr mode as well By setting CIRCUIT MODE manually either of the circuit modes is useable at all measurement ranges As already stated the 4192A measures R jX imped ance when the CIRCUIT MODE is set to equivalent series circuit and G jB admittance when the CIRCUIT MODE is set to equivalent parallel circuit Other imped ance parameters are calculated from these measured values with the equations given in Table 3 14 IZ and Y are not related to the CIRCUIT MODE However IZI is selected when the CIRCUIT MODE is set to AUTO Oro oand IYI is selected when the CIRCUIT MODE is set to 4 Capacitance and inductance measure ments can be performed in not only equivalent series circuit 6 lt wo mode but also equivalent parallel circuit Cl However measured values in both modes are different The difference in measued value
98. erface functions as listed in Table 3 22 3 121 Remote Program Code 3 122 Remote program codes for the 4192A are listed in Table 3 23 Section III Paragraphs 3 119 to 3 122 Table 3 22 HP IB Interface Capabilities Si a et OE N Code Interface Function HP IB Capabilities SH1 Source Handshake AHI Acceptor Handshake T5 Talker basic talker serial poll talk only mode unaddress to talk if addressed to i listen L4 Listener basic listener unaddress to listen if addressed to talk SRI Service Request RLI Remote local with local lockout DCI Device Clear DT Device Trigger Interface functions provide the means for a de vice to receive process and transmit messages over the bus The suffix number of the interface code in dicates the limitation of the function capability as defined in Appendix C of IEEE Std 488 Table 3 23 Remote Program Code Sheet 1 of 3 Control Program Code Deviation Meas urement for DISPLAY A Description Deviation Meas urement for DISPLAY B DISPLAY A Z Y Function R G L C B A dB A dBm dBV B dBm dBV Combinations of A and B are listed in the table below R G X B Function 6 rad X B Q D R G GROUP DELAY 0 deg 6 rad L Q L D L R G c o c p C R G B A 4B B A dB deg l rad A dBm dBV B Bm dBV Program code for DISPLAY B IS not n
99. es ie dBV TRIGGER ie ie haat athe bie ee ot ee eh INT AlAT Ba Ne I NE tales Eat el eco Dl alk del Bs Aa OFF SPOT FREQ aa fcc cutee bad ined Rae Ge soe hte l kHz OSC LEVEL pea a a oes Gata ou ad Dah 1V d Press the BLUE key and the STORE DSPL A B key e Press DISPLAY A s A A key f Set the SPOT FREQ to 1 MHz g Adjust the cable compensation of the scope probe connected to CHANNEL A until the deviation displayed on DISPLAY A is 0 00dBV Figure 3 9 Cable Compensation Sheet 3 of 4 Model 4192A Section III Figure 3 9 h Repeat steps c through g until the amplitude difference between the two measurement values is less than or equal to 0 01 dB Set the 4192A s controls as follows DISPLAY A Function 0 cee euae B A dB DISPLAY B Function 0 0 0 00 eee 6 deg SPOT EREQ gay Fae Pt aden hates Be ee eas 1 kHz AJAA A ea apasi Sas ek EET Sete Slee Aled E E yahoo OFF j Adjust the cable compensation of the scope probe connected to CHANNEL B until the phase displayed on DISPLAY B is 0 0 1 k Set the 4192A s controls as follows DISPLAY A Function 0 0 00 cee eee B dBm dBV SPOT FREQ iit selec hed Sale hace ety ew 1MHz The value displayed on DISPLAY A should be 20dBV 0 2 dBV Note With these adjustments tracking between CHANNEL A B will be as follows for the frequency range of 5Hz to 2MHz Gain tracking 0 2dB Phase tracking 0 2 Fig
100. ever apply an external dc bias voltage of over 200V and never connect the Hpgy terminal to the Lcyr or Lpor terminal To do so may damage instrument Make sure that the sample capacitor is not defective 2 When a positive bias voltage is used positive poles of electrolytic capacitors Cx C and C3 must be connected to the positive terminal of the external dc bias source as shownin the figures above A negative bias voltage can also be applied In this arrangement the negative poles of Cx C and C must be connected to the negative terminal of the external dc bias source Note Ripple or noise on external dc bias source should be as low as possible c Set the 4192A s controls as necessary for an impedance measurement Refer to Figure 3 30 but following settings should be made DISPLAY A Function 000000 0c cue eee C lEI De NENNE E EE E EE E E PEE PEE T to OFF CIRCUIT MODE aryant Soe es a oe oh eek off th d Apply desired dc bias voltage to the sample capacitor with the external dc bias source e Read the capacitance value on DISPLAY A after allowing time for bias voltage to settle Figure 3 34 External DC Voltage Supply Sheet 1 of 2 Model 4192A Section IH Figure 3 34 2 External DC Bias Current a Press the LINE ON OFF key to turn the 4192A off b Connect the external dc bias source to the 4192A as shown in the figure below where Lx Sample inductor Li 50
101. f the DUT and B value or E 06 will be displayed on DISPLAY C is the stored reference value E 06 simply means there is no reference data for Model 4192A the selected display function ignore it and pro ceed to step 3 3 Enter the desired reference value using the numeric DATA keys E 06 annunciation will dis appear This value will be displayed on DIS PLAY C 4 Press the ENTER key labeled REF DATA This stores the value displayed on DISPLAY C as the reference value Note To store the measured displayed value of a reference sample DUT as reference data use the following procedure a Connect the sample to the instrument and make one measurement b Press the BLUE key and the STORE DSPL A B key The values displayed on DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B will be stored as REF A and REF B data respec tively 5 Press the A A key on DISPLAY A and or DIS PLAY B The value displayed on the display A or B is the difference deviation between the stored reference value and the measured value For percent deviation measurement press the BLUE key before pressing the A A key Note Reference data stored for one measure ment function cannot be used for another measurement function that is reference data stored for an impedance measure ment cannot be used for a resistance measurement 3 30 Continuous Memorization of Control Settings SAVE and RCL Functions 3 31 The 4192A is equipped with five non volatile
102. fer to paragraph 3 69 Select the desired DISPLAY B parameter compatible with the DISPLAY A parameter selected in step a by pressing the key refer to paragraph 3 69 Select the desired equivalent circuit mode series lt w or parallel oft by pressing CIRCUIT MODE keys for selected DISPLAY A function refer to paragraph 3 73 Select the desired ZY RANGE by pressing the or up down key refer to paragraph 3 71 Press SPOT FREQ key Set the desired spot frequency initial setting is 100kHz with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 29 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Spot frequency 7 5MHz sreargias MHz Vv Key strokes 0 Ct amp oO The spot frequency setting 7500 000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Test Parameter Data Dis play Figure 3 30 Operating Instructions for Impedance Measusements Sheet 1 of 3 Section IH Model 4192 A Figure 3 30 f Press the OSC LEVEL key Set the desired measuring signal level initial setting value is 1 V with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example OSC level 750mV Key strokes f C 5 m The OSC level setting 0 750V is displayed on DISPLAY C 3 ZERO Offset Adjustments Note When the 16047B Test Fixture is used close the protective cover to enable measurement Closing t he cover electrically connects the instrument s UNKNOWN terminals to the fixture opening the cover dis conne
103. fies the equation F X 10 5N Fm where F is the start frequency Fm is the measurement frequency and N is an integer that represents the step number 2 If the spot frequency is set to a value that is greater than the stop frequency or less than the the start frequency error code E 04 will be displayed on DISPLAY C and the measurement will not be performed c Pressing and holding the STEP UP key or STEP DOWN key continuously advances swept frequency measurement d When X10 STEP key is pressed simultaneously with the STEP UP or STEP DOWN key the step frequency increases by a factor of ten This is for linear sweeps only 3 Auto Sweep a Press MAN AUTO key to set to auto sweep mode the indicator lamp comes on b O Pressing the START UP key starts the frequency sweep from the programmed start frequency The frequency sweep ends at the stop frequency Pressing the START DOWN key starts the frequency sweep from the stop frequency The fre quency sweep ends at the start frequency Note Swept test frequency is displayed on DISPLAY C c To temporarily stop a swept frequency measurement press the PAUSE key Start frequency stop fre quency step frequency sweep direction and sweep mode linear or logarithmic auto or manual can be changed when the PAUSE function is set To restart the sweep press the START UP key or START DOWN key d Auto sweep measurement mode is automatically releas
104. for rack mounting and hand carrying Option 907 Front Handle Kit Furnishes carrying handles for both ends of front pa nel Option 908 Rack Flange Kit Furnishes flanges for rack mounting for both ends of front pa nel Option 909 Rack Flange and Front Handle Kit Fur nishes both front handles and rack fla nges for instrument Installa tion procedures for these options are detailed in Section H Model 4192A 1 25 Option 910 adds an extra copy of the Operation and Service Manual 1 26 ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED 1 27 The HP Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer along with its furnished accessories is shown in Figure 1 1 The furnished accessories are also listed below 16047A Test Fixture 11048C SOQ Feedthrough 2 ea Power Splitter HP Part No 04192 61001 BNC Adapter HP Part No 1250 0216 11170A BNC Cable 2 ea Power Cable HP Part No 8120 1378 Additional Fuses for AlFl 2ea PN 2110 0650 1 28 ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE 1 29 For certain measurements and for convenience in connecting samples ten ty pes of accessories are available Each accessory is designed to meet the various measure ment requirements and types of DUT All accessories were developed with careful consideration to accuracy reliability and ease of measurement A brief description and photo of each available accessory is given in Table 1 4 Model 4192A Section I Table 1 4 Table 1 4 Accessories Available Sheet 1 of 4 Model Description
105. from the value set by the START FREQ BIAS test parameter key 7 Sweeps up at the increment step set by the STEP FREQ BIAS test parameter key 17 Also restarts the sweep after aPAUSE PAUSE Temporarily stops the sweep to allow the sweep step or sweep direction to be changed Sweep is restarted by pressing the START UP or START DOWN key START DOWN STEP UP Starts the frequency or bias voltage sweep from the value set by the STOP FREQ BIAS test parameter key 7 Sweeps down at the increment step set by the STEP FREQ BIAS test parameter key 7 Also restarts the sweep after a PAUSE MAN Each time this key is pressed the fre quency or bias voltage is incremented by the value set by the STEP FREQ BIAS test parameter key If the OSC LEVEL or TEST LEVEL MON ITOR key is pressed oscillator level will be incremented by 1mV when level is less than 100mV or S5mV Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features Sheet 7 of 10 Model 4192A when level is greater than 100mV each time this key is pressed Sweep becomes continuous when this key is pressed and held X10 STEP This key is used with the STEP UP or STEP DOWN 3 key Holding this key down while pressing STEP UP or STEP DOWN increases the sweep step value by a factor of ten STEP DOWN Each time this key is pressed the fre quency or bias voltage is decremented by the value set by the STEP FREQ BIAS test parameter key 17 If the O
106. g 0 750V is displayed on DISPLAY C 4 Connecting a Network a Connect the network to be tested between CHANNEL B and the power splitter with the test fixture Note When comparing two networks the reference network should be connected between the power splitter and CHANNEL A b The 4192A will automatically display the measured values of the network to be tested in acordance with the measurement conditions Figure 3 10 Operating Instructions for Amplitude Phase Measurements Sheet 2 of 2 3 33 Section IH Model 4192A Paragraphs 3 61 and 3 62 CAUTION When making amplitude phase measurements en an active circuit e g amplifier active filter ete DO NOT allow a de bias voltage exceeding 18V to be applied to the OSC OUTPUT terminal Todo so may damage the instrument When the de bias voltage of the circuit under test is higher than 10V but not more than 35V connect a 2 2uF or less capacitor in series with the OSC OUTPUT terminal to block the de bias voltage This blocking capacitor can be connected to the SHORT EXTERNAL CAP terminal of the 16096A Test Fixture instead of the short connector When the blocking capacitor is used however the output impedance of the OSC OUTPUT is increased at low test frequencies as shown graphically below and the oscillator level is reduced If a suitable capacitor is not available from conventional sources order HP Part No 0160 0128 2 2 F 50V Jik NEVER apply a de voltage ex
107. gure 3 8 F shows the input configuration of a network which has 12592 characteristic impedance In this case both the reference Section If Paragraphs 3 54 to 3 56 input and test input should be terminated by 5022 Feed throughs and connected to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B respectively 3 55 Measurement Time 3 56 Table 3 12 shows the measurement times of the 4192A amplitude phase measurements Table 3 12 Measurement Time for Amplitude Phase Measurements tment rnin MS z Measurement Frequency Kz 5 15 150 400 400 13M HIGH SPEED 2000 100 5 a 114 5 113 127 B A 6 NORMAL 5000 102 om 116 15000 102 ae 116 202 216 AVERAGE LEO 102 20 116 1102 1116 ee ae SPEED z a00 412 5 g B A GROUP DELAY NORMAL 5000 99 13000 592 1 692 AVERAGE 008 2399 i _ o p m m HIGH mn l 000 77 5 A B dBm NORMAL 5000 39 15000 79 AVERAGE 1500 5 ogo fei SPEED o aoe 75 5 A B dBV SOR 5000 r 77 7 15000 a9 o E AVERAGE 15000 p o 7 1078 or 2008 90 5 a ce aileni ae B Ay NORMAL 2000 92 15000 9 AVERAGE 13 15000 92 Bii pm Measurement times are typical values in ms f measuring frequency Hz 1 tI At spot freguency measurement refer to paragraph 3 63 paragraph 3 139 Measurement time for B A measurements c
108. he desired step frequency initial setting is 1 kHz with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Step frequency 1kHz grep EREC RIAS kx mV Key strokes 2 The step frequency setting 1 000000kHz is displayed on DISPLAY C Figure 3 31 Operating Instructions for Swept Frequency Impedance Measurements Sheet 1 of 3 3 60 Model 4192A Section III Figure 3 31 Note In LOG SWEEP measurement applications STEP FREQ has no meaning To set the instrument to logarithmic sweep mode press the BLUE key and the LOG SWEEP key the indicator lamp will come on In this mode automatic or manual sweeps are made at twenty frequency steps per decade Each step is calculated from the following formula F X 100 05N where F is the start frequency 5 Hz 10 Hz 100Hz 1 kHz 10kHz 160kHz 1 MHz or 10MHz and N is an integer that represents the step number For example if the start frequency is 100kHz and the stop frequency is 1 MHz the sweep will be as follows 1 112 2018kHz 6 199 5262kHz 11 354 8133kHz 16 630 9573kHz 2 125 8925 kHz 7 223 8721 kHz 12 398 1071 kHz 17 707 9457kHz 3 141 2537kHz 8 251 1886kHz 13 446 6835 kHz 18 794 3282 kHz 4 158 4893 kHz 9 281 8382kHz 14 501 1872kHz 19 891 2509 kHz 5 177 8279kHz 10 316 2277kHz 15 562 3413kHz 20 1000 000 kHz a The start and stop frequencies which determine the sweep range are limited to decade values 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M If
109. he table below oan X in number of counts as calculated from below the table below Accuracy of X is equal to the accuracy of R in Table below number of counts as calculated from the table be 0 2 A B 2 1 2 4A c P B41 0 2 A B 1 f 0 2F AJB 1 0 1 0 5A B 1 2 4A 2 0 1 0 5A B 0 12F 0 5A B 0 1 0 2A B 2 1 0 03 1 10A c J 1 0 2F 0 2A B t 0 05 0 1A B 20 0 03 1 10A C 0 12F 0 3A B 0 1 o 2aye 1 0 02 1 toR c Je 7 0 1 0 2A B t O 15F 0 2A B e 0 05 O 1A B 2 0 02 1 1OA C 3 0 05 0 1A 8 08F 0 1A B amp 0 1 0 2A B me 1 0 04 1 6A C PIB 41 0 1 0 2A 0 02F 0 024F7 B 1 i 0 05 0 1A B i 0 04 1 6A c 0 05 0 1A O 03F 0 034F B iad N 0 18 1 0 04 2ie je 3 0 18 3 0 1 0 02F 0 024F7 B 3 a goasa Siis 361 0 08 0 web 22 yc ye 0 05 2 0lyge 0 05 OEL o o1F 0 014F2 B aie etuce a pena 0 28 5 0 2 0 03F 0 032F B 5 2 0 92 ete o t SB yp 2 1 0 08 fe J 0 1 s 0 1 2 02 s0 06F 0 064 0 2 Ste yee ERES 0 5B 5 e oe bri enw oe Bie 0 3 B 400 1M 2M 13M Measuring Frequency H2 Displayed IZ Ror X Q IZI Range full scale Q 1 A in the table 2 Equations in table represent IZI R X accuracy of reading number of counts 0 accuracy absolu
110. heet 4 of 10 Section IH Model 4192A Figure 3 2 poo n cea AIDA LA IMPEDANCE ANALYZER tre 3MHy MEGSETT PACKARD DISPLAY A cs BV RMS 29SWin MAX LINE PIDIGPLAY A ma DIGPLAY 8 ay sweep 2 SCR Ce of osl aon SRG LISTEN TALK REMOTE LOCAL MA Swa i l o o o o Q g me i R T Oy TORoA tds GAO O orra o O Atoan 00910 0 Biew 0na 0 unknown a 5 ee iia iar a aa Oge GNU CHANNEL A CHANNEL B 14 NI a ogieur ENS HEFURENCE TEST GAIN MODE ZY RANGE miseeg R a A pia mi nna omanga mr at ME O OOOE OO STF NZ NNO Se S77 7 P 30 joa aaa Test PARAMETER Select Keys and Indicators These keys are used in conjunction with the DATA input keys 9 ENTER keys 0 and the BLUE key to assign values to the various test parameters to monitor the test parameters to save and recall front panel control settings and to input reference data for deviation and percent deviation A A measurements Pressing a test parameter key will cause the value of the selected test parameter to be displayed on the Test Parameter Data Display Lighted indi cator lamp center of each key indicates selected test parameter Only one test parameter can be selected Test parameters labelled in blue are accessible by first pressing the BLUE key G SPOT FREQ BIAS For single point measurements Sets the spot frequency and
111. ible Hewlett Packard recommends that you periodically request the latest Manual Changes supplement The supplement for this manual is id zntified with this manual s print date and part number both of which appear on the manual s title page Complimentary copies of the supplement are available from Hewlett Packard If the serial prefix or number of an instrument is lower than that on the title page of this manual see Section VB Manual Changes 1 21 For information concerning a serial number pre fix that is not listed on the title page or in the Manual Change supplement contact the nearest Hewlett Packard office SRmRAL HOW n VONOOAWA HEWLETT PAGKARE TOKYO JAPAN Figure 1 2 Serial Number Plate Section I Model 4192A Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 1 of 12 COMMON SPECIFICATIONS Amplitude Phase and Impedance Measurements INTERNAL SYNTHESIZER Output from OSC OUTPUT Heyr terminal Frequency Range 5 000Hz to 13 000000MHz Frequency Resolution lmHz 5Hz to 10kHz 10mHz 10kHz to 100kHz 100mHz 100kHz to 1 MHz 1 Hz 1MHz to 13MHz Frequency Accuracy 50 ppm 23 C 5 C OSC Level Range Variable from 5mVrms to 1 1 Vrms when terminated by 50Q in amplitude phase measurements or UNKNOWN terminals are open in impedance measure ments OSC Level Resolution ImV 5mV to 100mV 5mV 100mV to 1 1V OSC Level Accuracy ra 5Hz 1 MHz 5 10 f 2mV 5 10 f 10mV
112. ility reference 1 MHz or 1OMHz can be connected to EXT REFERENCE connector on the rear panel to obtain an even more stable test signal This capability permits stable measurements of the intrinsic characteristics of high Q devices Such devices include crystals whose impedance change drastically with changes in frequency of only a few Hz BNC male BNC male Connector EXT REFERENCE EXT VCO Connector Connector Signal Output 1MH2 10MHz Connector Reference 40MH2 53MH 2 Output Connector w i aool looll a onoj oolla a ca Ld EQUIPMENT Synthesizer HP3325A BNC Male BNC Male Cable 2 ea PROCEDURE 1 Turn the 4192A and synthesizer off Remove the coaxial adapter which connects the VCO OUTPUT terminal and EXT VCO terminal on the 4192A rear panel Connect the signal output terminal output signal frequency 40MHz to 53MHz of the synthesizer to the EXT VCO terminal on the 4192A rear panel with the BNC male BNC male cable Figure 3 42 External Synthesizer Sheet 1 of 2 Model 4192A Section HE 4 5 6 7 8 Figure 3 42 Connect the 1 MHz or 10MHz reference signal output terminal of the synthesizer to the EXT REFERENCE terminal on the 4192A rear panel with the BNC male BNC male cable Set 4192A s controls for the desired measurement in accordance with procedures provided in the followi
113. impedance of the DUT or Y absolute admittance of the DUT 0 rad Measures in radians the phase angle of Z absolute impedance of the DUT or Y absolute admittance of the DUT X B These parameters are automatically selected when DISPLAY A Function 5 is set to R G X is the reactance of DUT s impedance B is the sus ceptance of the DUT s admittance Q Measures the quality factor of the DUT DISPLAY A Function 5 must be set to L inductance or C capac itance D Measures the dissipation factor of the DUT DISPLAY A Function 6 must be set to L inductance or C capac tance R G Measures the resistance or conductance of the DUT DISPLAY A Function must be set to L inductance or C capacitance CIRCUIT MODE keys G determine which of the two para meters R or G is selected GROUP DELAY Measures the group delay between the reference input CHANNEL A 8 and test input CHANNEL B g Can only be selected when DISPLAY A Function 5 is set to B A dB 6 deg Measures in degrees the phase differ ence between the reference input CHANNEL A 8 and test input CHANNEL B o Can only be selected when DISPLAY A Function is is set to B A dB 6 rad Measures in radians the phase differ ence between the reference input CHANNEL A 8 and test input CHANNEL B g Can only be selected when DISPLAY A Function as is set to B A dB Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features S
114. ing the DUT value itself When the purpose of the measurement is to observe the change of a component s value versus changes in temperature frequency bias etc a direct measure ment of this change deviation makes examination more meaningful and easier 3 28 Deviation measurements can be made for either or both DISPLAY A and or DISPLAY B parameter meas urements There are two methods of inputting reference values for deviation measurements 1 input the refer ence value using the DATA keys or 2 input the meas ured value of the reference component by pressing the STORE DSPL A B key Deviation is displayed as either the deviation A from the reference value or the percent deviation A 1 Deviation Measurement A Delta The difference between the measured value of the DUT and a previously stored reference value REF A or REF B is displayed The formula used to calculate the deviation is A B where A is the measured value of the DUT and B is the stored reference value Section III Model 4192A Paragraph 3 29 Table 3 6 Test Parameters Parameter Description eenen RANGE 5Hz 13MHz START FREQ The start frequency for swept frequency Resolution 1mHz at 5Hz 10kHz measurements 10mHz at 10kHz 100kHz 100 mHz at 100kHz 1 MHz I Hz at 1MHz 13 MHz The spot frequency STOP FREQ The stop frequency for swept frequency measurements The step frequency for swept frequency 1 mHz 13MHz measurements Resolu
115. is coincident with display 5 Unit of DISPLAY A 6 Comma data delimiter 7 Status of DISPLAY B 8 Function of DISPLAY B 9 Deviation measurement mode of DISPLAY B 10 Value of DISPLAY B position of decimal point is coincident with display 11 Unit of DISPLAY B 12 Data Terminator 13 Unit of DISPLAY C Test Parameter Data Display 14 Value of DISPLAY C Notes 1 The data delimiter bit switch 6 on the HP IB Control Switch Figure 3 30 is set at the factory to comma This causes the 4192A to output all data DISPLAY A data DISPLAY B data and if program code FJ is used DISPLAY C data as a continuous string When the data delimiter is set to CR LF a carriage return and line feed signal is output after each field This is useful when outputting data to certain peripherals such as a printer 2 Status function and deviation measurement mode data of DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B and the units of DISPLAY Care output as one or two alphabetic characters as listed in Table 3 25 3 Ranges of DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B are expressed as an exponent as follows OEM rc rd secheaaik eo aaau E 12 HOF GY eit to egy guns E 09 HOPE GD eet s4 sain see eanaad E 06 VOSA ag eee Nt ee E 03 HON he phe tahun ten NA E 00 HOS Wins ai decide eta tes E 03 106 M Sroka aaraa E 06 Figure 3 36 Data Output Format for the 4192A Section HI Paragraphs 3 127 and 3 128 Table 3 25 Data Output Codes tem
116. izing networks having output impedances other than 5022 Figure 3 7 shows the input impedance Zt as a function of frequency At low frequencies the reactance of Cs is very high making Zt nearly equal to Rin As frequency increases the decreasing reactance of Cs becomes more and more significant causing Zt to decrease At high frequencies Rin is no longer significant and Z is slightly less than the reactance of Cs approximately 500Q at 13MHz CHANNEL A A B gt a Rin IMQ Figure 3 6 Equivalent Input Circuit 3 23 Section III Paragraphs 3 46 and 3 47 Model 4192A TMO apaa a TOOK H E 2 10kg i ai 10024 4 5Hz 10Hz 100Hz TkHz TOkHz 100kHz IMHz JOMHz 100MHz Frequency Figure 3 7 Z vs Frequency 3 46 Input Configurations Note 3 47 Figure 3 8 illustrates and describes the basic input configurations for various types of measurements Con nections of these input configurations should be made using double shielded cables with BNC connectors as listed in Table 3 9 When making input connections observe the following guidelines 1 Keep input cables as short as possible 2 Make the total cable length in each channel equal This is particularly important when measuring phase or group delay at high fre quencies 3 When impedance terminations are required use shielded terminations equipped with suit
117. layed on DISPLAY B Selectable combinations of DISPLAY A and DISPLAY B functions are listed in Table 3 13 Measurement parameters separated by a slash in Table 3 13 are for equivalent series circuit left of slash or equivalent parallel circuit Ch right of slash Refer to paragraph 3 73 for details The 4192A measures R jX impedance in equivalent series circuit mode and G jB admittance in equivalent parallel circuit mode Other impedance parameters are calculated from R jX or G jB with the equations given in Table 3 14 Measurement results can be displayed as either deviation or percent deviation from stored reference values Deviation measurements are described in paragraph 3 26 Table 3 13 DISPLAY A B Functions for Impedance Measurements DISPLAY A Function DISPLAY B Function IZI IYI TAn sess Inductance Capacitance 3 40 Absolute Impedance Absolute Admittance 0 deg Phase Angle in degrees 0 rad Phase Angle in radians Reactance Susceptance Dissipation Factor Resistance Conductance Model 4192A Table3 14 Measurement Parameter Formulas for Impedance Measurement Measurement Parameter ZY RANGE 1Q 10S 10Q 1S izi Section III Paragraphs 3 71 and 3 72 3 71 Measurement Range 3 72 The 4192A has two measurement range modes AUTO and MANUAL The mode is set by the ZY RANGE keys on the front panel When DISPLAY A function is set t
118. n Figure 3 19 Principle of the four terminal configuration measurement is illustrated in Figure 3 20 At first glance the arrangement appears to be an expanded four terminal 3 47 Section fl Figure 3 19 and 3 20 method with a built in guard structure This is true Thus the four terminal pair method combines the advantages of the four terminal method in low impedance measure ments while providing the shielding required for high im pedance measurements The distinctive feature of the four terminal pair configuration is that the outer shield conductor works as the return path for the measurement signal current The same current flows through both the center conductors and the outer shield conductors in opposite directions yet no external magnetic fields are generated around the conductors the magnetic fields produced by the inner and outer currents completely cancel each other Because the measurement signal current does not develop an inductive magnetic field the test leads do not contribute additional measurement errors due to self or mutual inductance between the indi vidual leads Hence the four terminal pair method en ables measurements with best accuracy while minimizing any stray capacitance and residual inductance in the test leads or test fixture Note If residual inductance does exist in test leads it affects measurements and the resultant additional measurement error increases in capacitance measurements in propor
119. n Swept Frequency 3 38 Model 4192A Sectien HI Paragraph 3 66 3 6 Measurement ranges and resolution of the group delay measurements are determined automatically by AF STEP FREQ xX 2 and A In the graph shown below the solid line represents the boundary for resolution and the dashed line represents the boundary for F STED FREQ x 2 For example it F 1KHz and 4 1 deg measurement is made at the 1s range with 10ns resolution t gt n 13MHz TOMH2 SMHz 5OOKH2 50kHz SkH2 7 ma 500Hz 50Hz 5Hz 500mHz 5O0mkz 7 P REZI 7 5mHz ImHZ As deg 100 10 20 GROUP BELAY s Resolution Note If the DUT causes a large group delay the 4192A will measure the group elay time before the DUT has settled after a frequency change The table below lists the maximum group delay time that can be measured by the 4192A in each measurement mode at 80 90 and 100 settled Measurement Mode j 80 AVERAGE 155ms 174ms 109ms 122ms 36ms 41ms NORMAL 50Hz 43ms 62ms 30ms 43ms 10ms 14ms NORMAL 60Hz 41ms 60ms 29ms 42ms 9 6ms 14ms HIGH SPEED 33ms 51ms 23ms 36ms 7 6ms 12ms Line frequency SPOT frequency measurement Swept frequency measurement Figure 3 14 Measurement Ranges and Resolution of the Group Delay Measurements 3 39 Section HI Paragraphs 3 67 to 3 70 3 67 IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT 3 68 The 4192A can accurately measure the imped ance par
120. ncy 5Hz to 13MHz This connector can be connected to an external frequency synthesizer for better ac curacy stability and resolution or to the instru ment s internal synthesizer Normally connected to the VCO OUTPUT connector 1 with a short connector EXT REFERENCE Connector Female BNC connector receives a 1MHz or 10MHz reference signal from an external signal source to improve the stability of the internal synthesizer Input impedance is approximately 50Q 1MHz OUTPUT Connector Female BNC connector outputs a 1MHz square wave 21 6 Vp p to phase lock external instru ments Output impedance is approximately 50 Q HP IB Control Switch This switch sets the instrument s HP IB address 0 30 data output format A or B and inter face capability Talk Only or Addressable Specific information on this switch is given in paragraph 3 117 HP IB Connector Twenty four pin connector connects the instru ment to the HP IB for remote operations EXT TRIGGER Connector This connector is used to externally trigger the instrument by inputting an external trigger signal TRIGGER key on front panel should be set to EXT Specific information is provided in para graph 3 22 Figure 3 3 Rear Panel Features Sheet 1 of 2 Model 4192A LINE VOLTAGE SELECTOR Switch These switches select the appropriate ac operating voltage Selectable voltages are 100V 120V 10 and 220V 10 240V 5 10 48 6
121. nd SECTION Ill OPERATION 3 1 INTRODUCTION 3 2 This section provides all the information neces sary to operate the Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer Included are descriptions of the front and rearpanel controls displays lamps and connectors discussions on operating procedures and measuring techniques for various applications and instructions on the instrument s SELF TEST function A break down of the contents of this section is given in Figure 3 1 Warnings Cautions and Notes are given throughtout they should be carefully observed to secure the safety of the operator and the serviceability of the instrument WARNING BEFORE THE INSTRUMENT IS SWITCHED ON ALL PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMINALS EX TENSION CORDS AUTO TRANSFORMERS AND DEVICES CONNECTED TO IT SHOULD BE CONNECTED TO A PROTECTIVE EARTH GROUNDED SOCKET ANY INTERRUPTION OF THE PROTECTIVE EARTH GROUNDING WILL CAUSE A POTENTIAL SHOCK HAZARD THAT COULD RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY ONLY FUSES WITH THE REQUIRED RATED CURRENT AND OF THE SPECIFIED TYPE SHOULD BE USED DO NOT USE REPAIRED FUSES OR SHORT CIRCUITED FUSEHOLDERS TO DO SO COULD CAUSE A SHOCK OR FIRE HAZARD be set to the voltage of the power source damage to the instrument may result Operating Instructions paragraphs 3 3 thru 3 33 Amplitude Phase Measurement paragraphs 3 34 thru 3 66 Impedance Measurement paragraphs 3 67 thru 3 108 l HP 1B Interface l paragraphs 3 109 thru 3 130 l i
122. ng an accurate voltage setting capability 0 5 of setting 5mV to facilitate up to date use in applications re quiring precision bias voltage control such as analysis of material properties and semiconductor testing The bias can be programmed and bias parameters memorized further enhancing utility of the internal bias supply Operating instructions on measurements using the in ternal dc bias supply are provided in Figure 3 32 Model 4192A Section III Figure 3 32 Notes 1 Before proceeding with the procedure given below sei the 4192A s conirols for an impedance measure ment Refer to Figure 3 30 2 Test frequency can be swept while using the internal dc bias set to desired spot voltage To apply a stationary fixed bias voltage to the sample set the desired bias voltage using the following procedure 1 Press the BLUE key and SPOT BIAS key Set the desired spot bias voltage initial setting is OV with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 29 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Spot bias voltage 3 5V SPOT FBEQIBIAS pales Key strokes BoOwWOBHD The spot bias voltage setting 3 50V is displayed on DISPLAY C Test Parameter Data Display Note The internal de bias voltage is applied to the sample just after the bias voltage value is set by the front panel control keys requires no trigger signal WARNING WHEN THE INTERNAL DC BIAS VOLTAGE IS APPLIED TO
123. ng figures Figure 3 10 Basic Operating Instructions of the Amplitude phase Measurements Figure 3 30 Basic Operating Instructions of the Impedance Measurements Turn on the synthesizer Set the output signal of the synthesizer to 40MHz desired measuring frequency Set the SPOT FREQ of the 4192A to the desired measuring frequency Notes J Resolution of the test signal at the OSC OUT PUT terminal of the 4192A is ImHz at 5 Hzto10kHz 10mHz at 10kHz to 100kHz 100mHz at 100kHz to 1MHz and 1Hz at 1 MHz to 13MHz However when an external synthesizer is used resolution is ImHz at all frequencies Thus to set a test frequency with a resolution higher than is normally possible without external synthesizer set the 4192A s SPOT FREQ as near to the desired frequency as possible For example for a test signal frequency of 50 000001kHz set the external synthesizer to 50 000001kHz 40MHz and set the 4192A s SPOT FREQ to 50 00000kHz The frequency of the test signal of the OSC OUT PUT terminal will be the frequency of the external synthesizer however the SPOT FREQ setting is used to calculate measurement parameter values L C etc offset adjustment data etc 2 Values displayed on the 4192A s displays will fluctuate when measurement is made at frequencies set with ImHz resolution at 10kHz to 78 125kHz Figure 3 42 External Synthesizer Sheet 2 of 2 Section III Paragraphs 3 139 and 3 140 3 139 3 140 IN
124. nly when a direct attachment type test fixture is used Table 3 20 Test Signa Leve Monitor Accuracy Measurement Mode Measurement Range Measuring Frequency Voltage 5mV 1 1V Current lua lIlmV lt 100Hz 4 10 f of reading 1 mV l mV 100Hz 1 MHz 4 of reading 1 mV gt 1MHz 4 0 8F of reading 1 mV lt 100Hz 4 10 f of reading 1 uA l uA 100Hz 1 MHz 4 of reading l uA gt 1MHz 4 0 8F of reading l uA at 23 C 5 C f measuring frequency Hz F measuring frequency MHz 3 55 Section IH Model 4192A Paragraphs 3 93 and 3 94 3 93 Characteristics of Test Fixtures 3 94 Characteristics and applicable measurement ranges of HP test fixtures and test leads for the 4192A are sum marized in Table 3 21 To facilitate measurement and to minimize measurement errors a test fixture appropriate for the measurement should be chosen from among HP s standard accessories Select the test fixture or leads that have the desired performance characteristics Table 3 21 Typical Characteristics of Test Fixtures and Leads Model No Residual Parameter Value of Reading Error All Parameters Offset Value in D 16047A 5X Gay 0 02 X G 16047B 2 aS ae 16047C 1X hy 0 01 X ae 7 7 10 F 10 16048A ey f A 4 _ 2 0 02 X Gp 16048B 16048C 3 C lt SpF L lt 200nH R lt 10mQ bee 16034B 4 C lt 0 02pF L lt 30nH R lt 30mQ 5X D 0
125. normal measurement mode indi cator is off is set X Y RECORDER Function Keys and Indicator These keys control the instrument s analog out put capability Voltage proportional to the measurement results is output from the X Y RECORD OUTPUT connectors see O in Figure 3 3 located on the instruments rear panel Graphs can be plotted with this capability ON Analog data representing the meas urement results and test parameter value frequency bias are output from the DISPLAY A DISPLAY B and FREQ BIAS RECORDER OUT PUTS on the rear panel Indicator lamp is on in this state OFF No analog data is output and X Y Re corder zero and full scale adjustments can be made Indicator lamp is off in this state 4e LL Provides a reference voltage OV from each rear panel RECORDER OUT PUT Used for zero scale adjustment of the X Y Recorder When this key is pushed the recorder pen will be positioned at the lower left X and Y are zero of the plot area Section III Figure 3 2 UR Provides a reference voltage 1 V from each rear panel RECORDER OUT PUT Used for full scale adjustment of the X Y Recorder When this key is pushed the recorder pen will be posi tioned at the upper right X and Y are maximum of the plot area STORE DSPL A B Key This key simultaneously memorizes the measured values displayed on DISPLAY AG and DIS PLAY B O as reference values for deviation measurement LOG SWEEP Key and Indicat
126. nts of the shipment should be as shown in Figure l i The procedures for checking electrical per formance are given in Section H paragraph 3 7 Self Test and in Section IV Performance Tests If the shipment is incomplet if the instrument is damaged in any way or if the instrument does not pass the Performance Tests notify the nearest Hewlett Packard office If the shipping container is damaged notify the carrier as well as He wlett Packard Keep the shipping materials for the carriers inspection The HP office will arrange for repair or re placement without waiting for claim settlement 2 5 PREPARATION FOR USE 2 6 Power Requirements 2 7 The 4192A requires a power source of 100 120 220 Volts ac 10 or 240 Volts ac 5 10 48 to 66Hz single phase power consumption is 150 VA maxi mum WARNING THIS IS A SAFETY CLASS I PRODUCT PRO VIDED WITH A PROTECTIVE EARTH TERMI NAL AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE SAFETY EARTH GROUND MUST BE PROVIDED FROM THE MAIN POWER SOURCE TO THE INSTRUMENT S IN PUT WIRING TERMINALS POWER CORD OR SUPPLIED POWER CORD SET WHENEVER THE SAFETY EARTH GROUND HAS BEEN IM PAIRED THE INSTRUMENT MUST BE MADE INOPERATIVE AND BE SECURED AGAINST ANY UNINTENDED OPERATION IF THIS IN STRUMENT IS TO BE ENERGIZED VIA AN AUTOTRANSFORMER FOR VOLTAGE REDUC TION MAKE SURE THAT THE COMMON TER MINAL IS CONNECTED TO THE EARTH POLE OF THE POWER SOURCE 2 8 Line Voltage and Fuse Selection CAUTION BEFORE CONN
127. o Z Y in AUTO range mode ranging depends on the impedance Zj or the admittance Y of the DUT When L or C is selected ranging depends on the displayed value Z and Y ranges and resolution are listed in Table 3 15 When ZY RANGE is set to AUTO the optimum range is automatically selected If the internal measurement circuit is saturated or the measured value exceeds the upper limit of the range 130 of full scale the next higher range is automatically selected If the measured value is less than the range s lower limit 11 of full scale the next lower range is automatically selected When ZY RANGE is set to MANUAL the measurement range will not change even if the measured value of the DUT changes If the ZY RANGE down key or up o key is pressed the measurement range is changed one decade in the indicated direction If the Table 3 15 ZY RANGE Measurement Range Resolution 0 000182 l 29999 0 00182 12 99902 Measurement Range Resolution 0 01S 12 99S 0 0001S 1 2999S 1002 100mS 1kQ 10mS 0 012 129 990 O NEE a i es E eae een eae 0 0001kQ 1 299 9kQ 10k82 1mS 0 01mS 129 99mS 0 001 mS 12 999 mS 0 001k2 12 999k 2 100k 2 100uS Dokaka 1M 2 10uS 10 0001MQ Ait 2999MQ 0 0001 mS 1 2999mS 0 01uS 129 99uS 0 00l uS 12 999 uS 3 41 Section IH Table 3 16 internal measurement circuit is satura
128. ogram is a remote control data output program for spot measurements The program has three capabilities 1 Control of the 4192A via HP IB 2 Trigger of the 4192A via HP IB 3 Data output from the 4192A in spot measurement via HP IB 9825A Program 9835A Program 0 fit4 10 FLOAT4 l wrt717 A1B1T3 F1 20 OUTPUT717 AlBIT3 F1 Q 3 M2 3 2 wrt717 FRIOEN 30 OUTPUT717 FRIOEN Oo 9 o 9 3 wrt717 EX 40 OUTPUT7I7 EX 4 red717 A B C 50 ENTER717 A B C 5 dspA B C 60 DISP A B C 6 prtA B C 70 PRINT A B C 7 end 80 END 1 Select Code of 98034A 2 Address of 4192A 3 Program codes of the 4192A refer to Table 3 23 4 Program codes for parameter setting of the 4192A refer to Table 3 24 5 Parameter terminator of the 4192A refer to paragraph 3 123 6 This is equivalent to 9825A trg717 9835A TRIGGER717 By using string variables complete output information from the 4192A is stored by the following programs 9825A Program 9835A Program 0 elr 717 5 CLEAR 717 1 dimA 50 10 DIMA 50 2 wrt717 A1BIT3 F1 20 OUTPUT717 A1BI1T3 Fl 3 wrt717 FRIOEN 30 OUTPUT717 FRIOEN 4 wrt717 EX 40 OUTPUT717 EX 5 red717 A 50 ENTER717 A 6 dspA 60 DISP A 7 prtA 70 PRINT AS 8 end 80 END Figure 3 38 Sample Program 1 Using 9825A 9835A 3 76 Model 4192A Section IH Figure 3 39 Sample Program 2 Description Thi
129. oltage sweep from the stop bias voltage The bias voltage sweep ends at the start bias voltage Note Swept bias voltage is displayed on DISPLAY C To temporarily stop a swept bias voltage measurement press the PAUSE key Start bias voltage stop bias voltage step bias voltage sweep direction and sweep mode linear or logarithmic auto or manual can be changed when the PAUSE function is set To restart the sweep press the START UP key or START DOWN key AUTO sweep measurement mode is automatically released when the swept measurement ends reaches the stop bias voltage or start bias voltage To stop the sweep before the measurement is completed press BLUE key and then press the SWEEP ABORT key SWEEP Key strokes c To return to normal spot bias voltage measurement press the SWEEP AUTO key indicator lamp goes off Figure 3 33 Operating instructions for Swept Bias Voltage Impedance Measurements Sheet 2 of 2 3 105 Measurement of Grounded Devices 3 106 The unique measuring circuitry of the 4192A provides direct accurate impedance measurements of not only floated and but also grounded devices Such meas urement conditions are for example the distributed capacitance measurement of a coaxial cable with a grounded shield conductor or the input output imped ance measurement of a single ended amplifier Low grounded measurement accuracy is unspecified but typical measurement accuracy is provided in Table 1
130. ondition Section I Paragraphs 1 10 to 1 21 1 17 INSTRUMENTS COVERED BY MANUAL 1 18 Hewlett Packard uses a two section nine character serial number which is stamped on the serial number plate Figure 1 2 attached to the instrument s rear panel The first four digits and the letter are the serial prefix and the last five digits are the suffix The letter placed be tween the two sections identifies the country where the instrument was manufactured The prefix is the same for all identical instruments it changes only when a change is made to the instrument The suffix however is assigned sequentially and is different for each instrument The contents of this manual apply to instruments with the serial number prefix es listed under SERIAL NUMBERS on the title page l 19 An instrument manufactured after the printing of this manual may have a serial number prefix that is not listed on the title page This unlisted serial number pre fix indicates the instrument is different from those described in this manual The manual for this new instru ment may be accompanied by a yellow Manual Changes supplement or have a different manual part number This supplement contains change information that explains how to adapt the manual to the newer instrument 1 20 In addition to changeinformation the supplement may contain information for correcting errors called Errata in the manual To keep this manual as current and accurate as poss
131. ontrol switch is located as shown in Figure 3 43 All bit switches of A6S2 are normal ly set to 0 Set the switch as desired Refer to Table 3 28 Note Don t change the setting of A6S1 This switch is used for cable length compensa tion Figure 3 43 A6S2 Internal Control Switch Model 4192A Section Hi Table 3 28 Table 3 28 Internal Control Switch Description This bit switch is related to the operation of the multi slope integrator it should be always set to 0 When this bit is set to 1 DISPLAY B function is inhibited and measuring speed is increased Measuring speed in this mode is given in paragraph 3 55 for amplitude phase measurements and in paragraph 3 89 for impedance measurements This bit switch is related to the operation of the multi slepe integrator it should be always set to 0 An HP IB system without controller can be configured by connecting the 4192A to a HP IB control switch must be set to TALK ONLY and CR LF printer HP IB control switch must be set to LISTEN ONLY e g HP5150A Thermal Printer with an HP IB cable refer to paragraph 3 117 When this bit isset to 1 the 4192A is triggered by the operation of the printer system without controller refer to paragraph 3 125 When this bit is set to 1 4192A must be turned off and then back on after setting this bit switch data output format is set to DISPLAY A B C A This bit is used to change the data output format from DISPLAY A
132. or This key sets the log sweep mode In the log sweep mode when the indicator is on the fre quency is swept at 20 steps decade The steps are automatically selected at logarithmic regular intervals between the decade of the START fre quency and the decade of the STOP frequency STEP FREQ has no meaning in log sweep This function is released by repressing the key after pressing the BLUE key O SWEEP ABORT Key This key releases sweep frequency bias voltage measurement and activates a spot frequency measurement at the frequency voltage point where the sweep is aborted BLUE Key This key is pressed prior to pressing a blue label function key to interchange a normal key func tion with a blue label function This key is pressed to access and release the func tions and test parameters labeled in blue on the Test PARAMETER keys 17 DATA Input keys 9 and the A A keys 7 Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features Sheet 10 of 10 3 11 Section III Figure 3 3 3 12 Model 4192A o vco EXI sofin vce 3 tabte 253 m3 Wore stuns F toeta oO oO e VCO OUTPUT Connector Female BNC connector outputs a40 000005 MHz to 53MHz signal from the internal synthesizer This connector is normally connected to the EXT vce connector 2 with a short connector EXT VCO Connector Female BNC connector receives a40 000005 MHz to 53MHz input level 0dBm 3dBm signal to generate the measurement freque
133. or grounded OSC OUTPUT connector is provided for am plitude phase measurements Following data is specified when BNC adapter is used Stray capacitance lt I5pF Residual inductance lt 40nH Residual resistance 100m Q Following parts are furnished gi Part HP Part No Center pins for probe 10 ea 16095 60012 Alligator clip for ground 16095 61611 BNC male adapter 16095 60011 Alligator clip adapter 16095 61612 Ground pins 5 ea HP Part No 16095 65001 are also available not furnished 16097A 16097A Accessory Kit with carrying case Contains the following accessories for circuit measurements 11094B 7582 Feedthrough 2 ea 11095A 6002 Feedthrough 2 ea 11070B 60cm BNC cable 2ea 11170C 120cm BNC cable 2 ea 10013A 10 1 Scope probe 2 ea 10007B 1 1 Scope probe 2 ea 16047C Test Fixture 16048C Test Leads 16095A Probe Fixture 1 2 Section I Table 1 4 Model 4192A Table 1 4 Accessories Available Sheet 4 of 4 16096A Description 16096A Test Fixture To alternately make amplitude phase measurements and input impedance measurements on two port devices Fol lowing data is specified at BNC connec tors Residual Impedances after zero offset adjustment
134. ot area for parameters to be recorded from illustrations in Figure 3 41 refer to Table 3 27 9 Pressthe BLUE key andthe LL key on the front Panel of the 4192A 10 Adjust X Y recorder zero adjustment controls for X and Y channels so that the recorder pen is positioned just above the chart paper coordinates denoted by the black spot in the illustration 11 Press the BLUE key and the UR key on the front panel of the 4192A 12 Adjust the X Y recorder controls for the X and Y channels so the the recorder pen is positioned just above the chart paper coordinates denoted by circle A in the illustration Note X Y recorder zero adjustment and sensitivity adjustment may be interactive So repeat steps 9 12 to satisfy both adjustments 13 Perform an auto sweep measurement with the X Y RECORDER OUTPUT function off Note the frequency or bias voltage at which the measured value displayed on DISPLAY A is highest Note Step 13 is not necessary when making a manual sweep 14 Set the SPOT FREQ or SPOT BIAS to the value noted in step 13 For manual sweep set the SPOT value to the START value Note Steps 13 and 14 insure that the DISPLAY A X Y RECORDER OUTPUT is correctly scaled for the highest DISPLAY A range that will be used during the auto sweep measurement When the AUTO SWEEP START key is pressed DISPLAY A ranging Z Y RANGE is automatically set to AUTO mode even if MANUAL mode is selected before pressing
135. peed 5 300m High Speed 5 Normal Speed s g 100m High Speed 3 Impedance Measurement 5 10 100 1K 100K 1M 13M Measuring Frequency Hz 30m 1 16 Model 4192A Section I Table 1 2 Table 1 2 General Information Sheet 2 of 2 FREQUENCY SWITCHING TIME Approximately 50ms to 65ms ZY RANGE SWITCHING TIME Approximate ly 35ms to 50ms per range at gt 400 Hz OSC LEVEL SWITCHING TIME Approximately 65ms DC BIAS VOLTAGE SETTLING TIME Approximately 0 4 X AV 10 ms where AV is the voltage change V LEVEL MONITOR RANGE AND ACCURACY At 23 C 5 C Accuracy of reading count lt 100Hz 4 10 f 1 100 Hz to 1MHz 4 1 gt 1MHz 4 0 8F 1 Voltage 5mV 1 1V Current luA limA where f measuring frequency Hz F measuring frequency MHz TIME REQUIRED FOR LEVEL MONITOR Approximately 120ms 1MHz REFERENCE OUTPUT Square wave 2 1 6 Vp p Output Resistance Approximately 50Q Section I Paragraphs 1 22 to 1 29 1 22 OPTIONS 1 23 Options are modifications to the standard instru ment that implement the user s special requirements for minor functional changes The 4192A has four options as listed in Table 1 3 Table 1 3 Available Options Option SA Nuraber Description 907 Front Handle Kit CARPE 908 Rack Flange Kit 909 Rack Flange and Front Handle Kit 910 E xtra Ma nual 1 24 The following options provide the mechanical parts necessary
136. quency is set to 1OMHz or above and ZY RANGE is held measured values output 500ms after DISPLAY A indicates UCL are invalid 2 Specific information on GROUP DELAY measurement is provided in paragraph 3 63 E 20 E 21 Display Meaning Table 3 4 SELF TEST Error codes E 30 E 43 E 50 E 51 One of the four RAM s Random Access Memory is not functioning properly The line frequency detection circuit is not functioning properly Is Of etree ess integrator in the VRD Vector Ratio Delestan is not functioning properly E 70 E 71 E 72 Internal synthesizer is not functioning properly Section II Paragraphs 3 18 to 3 21 3 18 Test Signal 3 19 The internal frequency synthesizer provides a sinusoidal wave test signal that has an accuracy of 55 ppm The frequency range is from 5 Hz to 13 MHz and signal level is SmVrrns to 1 1 Vrms The test signal is output from the OSC OUTPUT connector Heyr of the UN KNOWN terminals on the front panel Test frequency and test level range resolution and accuracy are given in Table 3 5 Note Test signal accuracy stability and resolution can be improved by connecting an external frequency synthesizer to the EXT VCO connector on the rear panel Specific information on measurements using an external synthesizer is given in paragraph 3 137 Note In impedance measurements the level of the test signal ac
137. rding measured sample values as functions of frequency or bias A PEN LIFT connector is also provided on the rear panel to control the X Y recorder s pen The procedures for using the 4192A s X Y recorder capability are given in Figure 3 40 3 133 Analog Outputs 3 134 The analog output voltage of DISPLAY A DIS PLAY B and FREQ BIAS are provided in the following manner The output accuracy is 0 5 of output voltage 20mV 1 DISPLAY A connector Outputs voltage proportional to the value dis played on DISPLAY A Normalized value is 1V depends on function as follows Z Y R and G Full Scale Value of Display Range X 1 3 L and C Full Scale Value of Display Range X 2 0 3 B A AandB 100dB A 100 A Full Scale Value of Setting Function Range 2 DISPLAY B connector Outputs voltage proportional to the value dis played on DISPLAY B Normalized value is 1V depends of function as follows 6 deg 180 rad xn X and B Full Scale Value of Display Range X 1 3 D Q R G and GROUP DELAY Full Scale Value of Display Range X 2 0 A 100 A Full Scale Value of Setting Function Range Model 4192A Note When OFI OF 2 UCL or is displayed on DISPLAY A or DISPLAY B IV is output from the corresponding RECORDER OUTPUT connector on the rear punel 3 FREQ BIAS connector Outputs voltage proportional to the test frequen cy or internal dc
138. ror codes are displayed Note Table 3 1 Test Number Description All numerical displays and indicator lamps on the front panel come on and remain on as long as the SELF TEST key is being pressed Check that all displays and indicator lamps are on Model 4192A 3 9 Initial Control Settings 3 10 To facilitate operation the instrument is auto matically set to the following initial control settings each time it is turned on Panel Controls DISPLAY Ades sobri bb ate eae ack IZI DISPLAY B aes a cairn Ga enra 0 deg Test Parameter Data Display SPOT FREQ IVE REE E S EEE OFF ZERO OPEN 0 cee eee OFF ZERO SHORT 2 000 eee OFF AVERAGE 0 000 c seers OFF HIGH SPEED 04 OFF SELF TES 224 44 weeaiad dea ew es OFF X Y RECORDER OFF LOG SWEEP 0 aia OFF SWEEP nzstesur etnies Saco is OFF CIRCUIT MODE AUTO Ow GAIN MODE 0000000 dBm ZY RANGE oce arest ee srania AUTO TRIGGER cg55 46 esta ees ea nerie eh INT RID Gbak ects eee ee cane eS OFF 4192A SELF TEST Display _ Fail P 01 on e frequency Checks four RAM s Random Access Memory Checks that the interrupt signal is present and that it is of the correct E 20 E 21 Checks the integrator in the VRD Vector Raito Detector circuit ly done at each decade Checks that the frequency setting of the internal synthesizer
139. ross the DUT depends on the impedance of the DUT To monitor the actual level of test signal across the DUT press the TEST LEVEL MONITOR key Refer to paragraph 3 91 for 1 2 3 Model 4192A NORMAL Measurement Mode This mode is automatically set each time the instrument is turned en In this mode the in tegration time of the instrument s A D converter is equal to the period of the line frequency Line frequency ripple on the dc voltage used for in tegration is rejected filtered HIGH SPEED Measurement Mode This mode is set by pressing the HIGH SPEED key Measurement speed in this mode is approxi mately twice that of the NORMAL mode how ever resolution is reduced and accuracy is not specified Integration time is 2 5ms Line fre quency ripple is not rejected filtered AVERAGE Measurement Mode This mode is set by pressing the AVERAGE key Resolution accuracy and repeatability in this mode are much better than in NORMAL mode or HIGH SPEED mode The displayed measurement value is the average of seven measurements In tegration time is 10 times the period of the line frequency Line frequency ripple is rejected specifics filtered Note Measurement times for each mode at each 3 20 Measurement Modes DISPLAY A B function setting are given in paragraph 3 55 for amplitude phase 3 21 The 4192A has three selectable measurement modes NORMAL HIGH SPEED and AVERAGE Table 3 5
140. s as shown in Figure 3 35 Each bit switch has two settings logical O down posi tion and logical 1 up position The left most bit switch bit 7 determines whether the instrument will be addressed by the controller in a multi device system or will function as a talk only device to output measurement data and or instructions to an external listener e g printer When bit switch 3 68 Model 4192A 7 is set to O the instrument isin ADDRESSABLE mode and bit switches 1 through 5 determine the instrument address when this bit switch is set to 1 the instrument is in TALK ONLY mode Bit switch 6 determines the output data delimiter When this bit switch is set to 0 the delimiter is a comma when set to 1 the delimiter is a carriage return and line feed CR LF Refer to Figure 3 36 for the function of each delimiter Bit switches 1 through 5 are used to set the HP IB address in binary of the 4192A when bit switch 7 is set to ADDRESSABLE Note The HP IB Control Switch as set at the factory is shown in Figure 3 35 When the 4192A is turned on the HP IB address is displayed in decimal on DISPLAY A For ex ample the factory set address is displayed as H 17 pers ONLY per 7 UF I aeBOOUE ea Bits 1 5 17 Bit 6 Format A comma Bit 7 Addressable i Figure 3 35 HP IB Control Switch Model 4192A 3 119 HP IB Interface Capabilities 3 120 The 4192A has eight HP IB int
141. s f and enter the register number from the DATA Input keys G9 Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features Sheet 6 of 10 Section IIE Figure 3 2 Model 4192A K RBA LF IMPEDANCE ANALYZER she IME DISPLAY A ame p oisPLAY aam DISPLAY 8 e o o 09 D i RT Sto ig j PE featermus zaeagas merens Est amz my star grans akoko SL H R p T im JEST LEVEL sa st 074 weconnea s possa GEOR Ft Oink g aer Bara Hep rause OAD 1909101 fe fe a a E VO Bief B roar O i P 7 i Sanat SESS GEM Na cite BREE sre tant jet ecm N a fr Dee os G8 GO Ol amp oer 4 Lror is POT a GAR CHANNEL A CHAE So moe awww cr el ht thy oon LENGT werecence O BERT he gmc unt MOBE GMN MODE ZY RANGE ea Loe J Jo m a AUTO m MANUAL 4 EA Oe i BOG O80 OC HEE OBL 2V RMB Sas oe MEX SWEEP Control Keys and Indicator These keys control the instrument s sweep func tion Frequency bias voltage and oscillator level can be swept Oscillator level can be swept in MAN mode only BIAS ON Indicator 6 must be on for bias voltage sweep off for frequency sweep The MAN AUTO key controls the sweep mode Indicator comes on in AUTO mode The functions of the other keys are described below for each mode For log sweep press the LOG SWEEP key 5 AUTO START UP Starts the frequency or bias voltage sweep
142. s is related to the loss factor of the sample to be measured When the conditions for the following equations are satisfied the parallel and series circuits have equal impedance at a particular frequency point Measurement Equivalent Circuit Model 4192A G jB 7 H x lt Expanding the above equation we have R Ao G jwCp _Ss R where Cs 15 equivalent series circuit wX capacitance _ B ae Cp is equivalent parallel circuit capacitance Obviously if no series resistance R and parallel con ductance G are present the equivalent series circuit capacitance Cs and equivalent parallel circuit capaci tance Cp are identical Likewise if R and G are not present the equivalent series circuit inductance Ls and equivalent parallel inductance Lp are identical However a sample value measured in a parallel measure ment circuit can be correlated with that of a series circuit by a simple conversion formula which considers the effect of dissipation factor See Table 3 17 Figure 3 18 graphically shows the relationships of parallel and series parameters for various dissipation factor values Ap plicable diagrams and equations are given in the chart For example a parallel capacitance Cp of 1000pF with a dissipation factor of 0 5 is equivalent to a series capacitance Cs of 1250pF with an identical dissipation factor As shown in Figure 3 18 inductance or capaci tance v
143. s part of the load parallel on the de voltage present in the circuit under test Refer to the table below When the de bias voltage of the circuit is higher than 10V connect a 2 2uF or less capacitor in series with the Her terminal to bloek the de bias voltage If a suitable capacitor is not available from conventional sources order HP Part No 0160 0128 2 2uF 50V The 16095A Probe Fixture is equipped with this blocking capacitor the 16096A however is not When the 16096A is used connect the blocking capacitor to the SHORT EXTERNAL CAP terminals instead of the short connector With the blocking capacitor connected the output impedance of the test signal source is increased and thus the signal level is reduced Consequently accurate impedance measurements on active circuits are possible only above a specified frequency for a given Z range Refer to the graph below For example if the impedance of the DUT is 9k2 the 4192A automatically selects the 10k2 range On this range with the 2 2 iF capacitor connected the lowest useable frequency is approximately 80Hz At frequencies below 80Hz accuracy of measurement results decreases For measurements at lower frequencies a higher value blocking capacitor must be used To measure the 9k DUT mentioned above at 10Hz for example a blocking capacitor of approximately 12uF must be used To change the value of the blocking capacitor in the 16095A an external capacitor must be connected to the
144. s program is a remote control data output program for auto sweep measurements The program has three capabilities 1 Control of auto sweep measurement of the 4192A via HP IB 2 Auto sweep of the 4192A via HP IB 3 Data output from the 4192A via HP IB 9825A Program 9835A Program 0 dimA 100 50 10 DIMA 100 50 i a D l wrt717 A1B1T3 F1 20 OUTPUT717 A1BIT3 FP 2 wrt717 SF1ENTFIENPF100EN 30 OUTPUT717 SFIENTFIENPF100EN 3 wrt717 W1IW2 40 OUTPUT717 WIW2 4 01 50 I 0 5 I l gt I 60 J I 1 6 wrt717 EX 70 OUTPUT 717 EX 7 rds 717 gt A 80 STATUS717 A 2 2 8 if bit 4 A 1 gtol2 90 IF BIT A 4 1 THEN130 3 3 9 red 717 A I 100 ENTER717 A I 10 dsp A I 110 DISPA 1 ll gto5 120 GOTO60 12 end 130 END 1 Dimensions a string variable array that has more elements than the number of measurement points 2 Inputs 4192A SRQ Status Byte to variable A 3 When AUTO SWEEP is being performed bit 4 of variable A bit 5 of the SRQ Status Byte is set to 1 refer to Figure 3 37 Note If the 9835A program is used with high speed controller wait command should be put between lines 70 and 80 Figure 3 39 Sample Program 2 Using 9825A 9835A Section II Paragraphs 3 131 to 3 136 3 131 X Y RECORDER OUTPUT 3 132 The 4192A is equipped with three analog RE CORDER OUTPUT connectors on the rear panel These connectors output accurate voltages for reco
145. s selected for L measurements change the DISPLAY A function to Z1 I1YI go 0 28 3 0 2F B 3 0 002 0 00 5 p 9 05 1 9 280 0 002 g Colg 0 002F 2 8019 soo E18 2 1 0 03 1 pic Ie 3 2F B 3 ESH 2 D5 0002 0 0009 20002 jg 208 5 0 03 1 AC 0 002F 8902 g a 0 18 241 0 02 1s deh ye 3 0 182 3 0 15F B 3 I p 9 0 2 g 0 0009 20002 2 08 1 0 08 Q 9 8 0 0009 290025 0 0016F 29 0802 5 V oh ive oD F Obed ye 49 0 1 0 02F 024F 3 S ote 0 18 2 1 0 04 ec le 2 O2F 8 024F B 2 j 5 5 5 Saal 0 0009 2 0802 5 2 88 fy 4 0 0g 1 2ajc 0 0008 2 2902 9 0002F 0 0003F s ta ibe E 0 1 0 2A B ig 6 04 1 2A C JB 1 0 1 0 2A B 1 0 1 0 2A 0 02F 0 024F B 1 0 0009 2 0982 g 9 95 3 0 04 1 2A c 0 0009 9 0002 8 0 0009 9 8082 a 0 0002F 0 0003F B 7 0 2 0 5A B 1 0 04 1 20A c Ja 1 0 2 0 5A B 1 Ui 0 05 0 002 0 004A B 2 85 f1 0 04 20A 0 002 0 0044 B be je 2 95 f1 0 04 1 20a c Y is 0 5 2ayBR eT WH 0 005 Q 2A 8 5 400 16k IM 2M 13M Measuring Frequency H2 2r X Measuring frequency H2 X Displayed C F YT Range full scale 1 A 2 Equations in table represent at D lt 0 1 C accuracy of reading number of counts D accuracy absolute value 3 1f0 1 lt D lt 1 do
146. series with the 50822 output to obtain the required 600Q as shown in Figure 3 8 B Note that the reference input shown in Figure 3 8 B also has a compensating resistor to maintain identical impedances in both channels In this case both the reference input and test input should be terminated with a 600Q Feedthrough and connected to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B respectively 3 51 If the characteristic impedance of the network is lower than 50Q connect a shunting resistor between the power splitter and network to be tested as across the OSC OUTPUT to obtain the required output impedance Otherwise a shunt resistance of the same value can be connected to CHANNEL A to obtain the same output impedance The value of shunt resistance is calculated from the following formula Model 4192A 50 XK Z Rs 0 7 Q where Rs shunt resistance Z required output impedance For example if the input impedance of the network is 30Q a 75 Q shunt resistor can be added in parallel with a 50Q output to obtain 30Q as shown in Figure 3 8 C Note that the reference input shown in Figure 3 8 C also has a shunting resistor to maintain identica imped ances in both channels In this case both the reference input and test input should be terminated with the 30Q shunt resistor and connected to CHANNEL A and CHANNEL B respectively When driving an impedance lower than 5022 a certain amount of insertion loss will be encountered The amount of loss depen
147. spot bias When spot bias is set BIAS ON In dicator 6 lights STEP FREQ BIAS For swept measurements Sets the step increment frequency and step increment bias START FREQ BIAS For swept measurements Sets the start frequency and start bias STOP FREQ BIAS For swept measurements Sets the stop frequency and stop bias OSC LEVEL Sets the voltage rms of the internal frequency synthesizer REFA For deviation and percent deviation A A measurements Sets the reference value for DISPLAY A REFB _ For deviation and percent deviation A A measurements Sets the reference value for DISPLAY B Figure 3 2 Front Panel Features Sheet 5 of 10 Model 4192A TEST LEVEL MONITOR Key and Indicator Pressing this key displays the level of the test signal applied to the DUT or if the BLUE key is first pressed the current through the DUT on the Test Parameter Data Display 5 The ap propriate annunciator lamp will light DATA Input Keys These keys O thru 9 decimal point and minus sign are used to input test parameter values register numbers for SAVE and RCL GY functions and reference data for DISPLAY A REF A and DISPLAY B REF B deviation measurements A A QY Data is displayed on the Test Parameter Data Display 6 as it is input Each key has a control function labelled in blue above the key which is accessible via the BLUE key These control functions are explained in
148. surements can be obtained easily with this capability without an external HP IB controller 1 11 The versatility and operability of the 4192A are maximized by the availability of versatile test fixtures Because components and networks are not of uniform shape and size the 4192A has several test fixtures that can be used to best meet different measurement require ments 1 12 SPECIFICATIONS 1 13 Complete specifications of the Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer are given in Table I I These specifi cations are the performance standards or limits against which the instrument is tested The test procedures for the specifications are covered in Section IV Performance Tests Table 1 2 lists supplemental performance charac teristics Supplemental performance characteristics are not specifications but are typical characteristics included as additional information for the operator When the 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer is shipped from the factory it meets the specifications listed in Table 1 1 1 14 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 1 15 The Model 4192A LF Impedance Analyzer has been designed to conform to the safety requirements of an IEC International Electromechanical Committee Safety Class I instrument and is shipped from the factory in a safe condition 1 16 This operating and service manual contains in formation cautions and warnings which must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe c
149. t single measurements by setting an internal switch refer to paragraph 3 139 3 54 Model 4192A Section HI Paragraphs 3 95 and 3 96 3 95 Impedance Measurement Operating Instructions 3 96 Basic operating instructions for impedance meas urements are given in Figure 3 30 1 Turn Onand Test Fixture Connection Press the LINE ON OFF key to turn the 4192A on Following turn on the instrument will perform the following operations in the order listed Initial operational check is performed refer to paragraph 3 7 HP IB address set by the HP IB control switch on rear panel refer to paragraph 3 117 is displayed on DISPLAY A e g H 17 Initial control setting is performed refer to paragraph 3 9 Confirm that 4192A trigger lamp begins to flash Press the BLUE key and then the SELF TEST key to check the basic operation of the instrument Refer to paragraph 3 7 for details on the SELF TEST Note The 4192A requires a one hour warm up time to satisfy all specifications listed in Table 1 1 Set the CABLE LENGTH switch to the 0 position Note Set the CABLE LENGTH switch to appropriate position when other test fixtures are used Guard terminal is sometimes used in high impedance measurements f Connect the 16047A Test Fixture to the UNKNOWN terminals Setting Measurement Conditions a Select the desired DISPLAY A parameter by pressing the or up down key The indicator lamp adjacent to the selected parameter will come on re
150. tatus Indicators and LOCAL key These four LED lamps SRQ LISTEN TALK and REMOTE indicate the status of the 4192A when it is interfaced with a controller via the HP IB The LOCAL key when pressed releases the in strument from REMOTE HP IB control and embles front panel controi The LOCAL key does not function when the instrument is set to local lockout by the controller DISPLAY A Function Select Keys and Indicators These keys and are used in com junction with the CIRCUIT MODE keys to select the primary measurement parameter for display on DISPLAY A The selecta bl parameters are IZ YI R G L C B A dB A dBm dBV or B dBm dBV The selected parameter is in dicated by the corresponding LED lamp Pressing either of these keys shifts the selected parameter in the indicated direction Qe IZI IYl When CIRCUIT MODE Q is set to AUTO or ocowe the instrument measures Z absolute value of the DUT s im pedance and 0 phase angle in degrees or radians de pends on DIS PLAY A Function Q5 setting the results are displayed on DISPLAY A IZI and DISPLAY B 0 to provide a polar representation Z Z6 of the DUT s impedance When CIRCUIT R G MODE is set to oS the inst rument measures Y absolute value of the DUT s admittance and 6 phase angle in degrees or radians the re sults are displayed on DISPLAY A IYI and DISPLAY B 0 to provide a polar representation Y 1
151. te value Section I Model 4192A Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 9 of 12 Y and G B Measurements Measuring Range Parameter Measuring Range Maximum Resolution IYI G B 0 001uS 12 9998 180 00 180 00 Measurement Accuracy Refer to the table below specified by ZY RANGE However G and B accuracy depends on the value of D as follows 1 lt D Accuracy of G is equal to the accuracy of B in number of counts as calculated from the table Table below below Two times error givenin Accuracy of B is equal to the accuracy of G in the table below number of counts as calculated from the table f below Table below HFN y 0 2F 8 3 o 28 3 1 228 pa eg 10u A Pele oe ae 0 28 3 0 12F 2 98 g0 0 2F B 3 ae 3 1 0 03 1 PCPs 3 Le poos Ag 3 1 0 03 1 pe ie O 12F Sne 018 2 1 002 Chie 3 0 18 3 0 15F B 3 im 0 6 0 05 9 21 8 241 0 02 1 2 J 0 05 0 81 p2 0 09F whloge 10m 0 18 2 1 0 00 1 SS jse i 4 1 0 02F 0 0246 8 3 i 91 0 05 8g 2 1 0 06 1 gree 0 05 S3 0 01F 0 014F 8 5 0 1 0 2A B 1 0 04 1 2ajc yx 1 0 1 0 2A B 1f 0 1 0 2A 0 02F 024F B 1 0 05 0 1A 8 0 05 0 1A 0 0 F 0 014F B BOTTI ea 400 16k IM 2M 13M 0 05 0 1A B 2 1 0 04 1 2A C ye Y Range S Measuring Frequency Hz
152. ted UCL will be displayed on DISPLAY A if the measured value ex ceeds the upper limit of the range 130 of full scale OF will be displayed on DISPLAY A The time required for a range change is between 351ms and 40ms at frequencies above 400Hz Figure 3 15 shows the number of display digits for Z and Y meas urements The number of display digits depends on the test frequency OSC level and ZY RANGE Measure ment range for each of the other parameters is discussed below 1 R G X B The measurement ranges resolution and number of display digits for R resistance and X react ance are the same as those for Z and are given in Table 3 15 and Figure 3 15 Likewise meas urement ranges resolution and number of display digits for G conductance and B sus ceptance are the same as those for Y However the upper limit of X B and DISPLAY B R G is 200 of full scale and the lower limit is 18 of full scale 2 L C The measurement ranges resolution and number of display digits for L inductance and C c apaci tance depends on the test frequency and the ZY RANGE see Figure 3 16 The upper limit for L and C is 200 of full scale and the lower limit is 18 of full scde 3 42 Model 4192A 3 6 Q D The measurement ranges and resolution for 0 phase angle Q quality factor and D dissi pa tion factor are given in Table 3 16 Number of dis play digits for 9 Q and D are the same as that for Z and
153. ten measurements per second 1 6 The 4192A can provide measuring frequency OSC level and dc bias voltage impedance measurements only equivalent to actual operating conditions The sweep capability of the built in frequency synthesizer and dc bias source permits quick and accurate measurements The built in frequency synthesizer can be set to meas uring frequency within the range from 5 000Hz to 13 00000MHz with ImHz maximum resolution OSC level is variable from 5mV to 1 1 Vrms with 1 mV resolu tion SmV for levels higher than 100mV The internal dc bias voltage s urce impedance measurements only provides 35V in 10mV increments Measuring fre quency or dc bias voltage can be automatically or manu ally swept in either direction OSC level can be manually swept in either direction in 1mV increments SmV for levels above 100mV Actual test voltage across or test signal current through the device under test is also measured Thus the 4192A can evaluate components and circuits under a wide variety of measurement conditions For example video frequency characteristics of a VTR head dc bias voltage characteristics of a semiconductor or ceramic device at circuit level as well as component level can be accurately evaluated For measurements on high Q 10 devices or for impedance measurements that require a test signal that is more stable than that provided by the 4192A an external frequency synthesizer can be connected to the 41
154. terminals in a four terminal pair configuration which has a significant measuring advantage for component parameter measurements requiring high accuracy in the high frequency region Generally any mutual inductance interference of the measurement sig nals and unwanted residual factors in the connection method which are incidental to ordinary terminal methods significantly affect the measurement at a high frequency The four terminal pair configuration measurement per mits easy stable and accurate measurements and avoids the measurement limitations inherent in such effects To construct this terminal architecture connection of a sample to the instrument requires the use of a test fixture or test leads in a four terminal pair configuration design The UNKNOWN terminals consist of four connectors High current Heur High potential Hpor Low poten tial Lpor and Low current Lcur The purpose of the current terminals is to cause a measurement signal current to flow through the sample The potential ter minals are for detecting the voltage drop across the sam ple The high side signifies the drive potential referenced to low side potential drawn from the internal measure ment signal source To compose a measurement circuit loop in a four terminal pair configuration the Hcyp and Hpor Lpor and Leug terminals must be respectively connected together and in addition the shields of all conductors must be connected together as shown i
155. the AUTO SWEEP START key The DISPLAY A range will change in accordance with the measured values Sealing of the DISPLAY A X Y RECORDER OUTPUT however will not change when the DISPLAY A range changes It is automatically set to the DISPLAY A range in effect when the AUTO SWEEP function is turned on If steps 13 and 14 are not performed it may be impossible obtain an accurate plot of the measured values 15 Press the BLUE key and the X Y RECORDER ON OFF key to set the X Y RECORDER OUTPUT function to on the indicator lamp will come on 16 Press the AUTO SWEEP key If the recorder is equipped with remote pen lift control go to step 17 If not set the SPOT FREQ BIAS to the sweep START FREQ BIAS and then maunally lower the pen onto the paper 17 Perform the swept measurement in accordance with the procedure given in the figure selected in step 4 18 When the sweep is completed and the X Y recorder stops manually lift the pen from the paper If the recorder is equipped with remote pen lift control the pen is raised automatically when the sweep is completed or when the X Y RECORDER OUTPUT function is turned off after a manual sweep 19 To repeat the measurement repeat steps 14 through 18 Figure 3 40 X Y Recorder Output Sheet 2 of 2 3 80 Model 4192A Section III Table 3 27 Table 3 27 Connections of Recors er Output RECORDER OUTPUTS FREQ BIAS DISPLAY B DISPLAY A er wed Plot Area
156. the sweep range is determined by the start and stop bias voltages a Set the desired spot bias voltage initial setting is OV with the DATA input keys refer to paragraph 3 24 and press the appropriate ENTER key Example Spot bias voltage IV MH Vv Key strokes EB go The spot bias voltage 1 00V is displayed on DISPLAY C Figure 3 33 Operating instructions for Swept Bias Voltage mpedance Measwements Sheet 7 of 2 3 64 Model 4192A Section IH Paragraphs 3 105 to 3 108 Press the STEP UP key or STEP DOWN 3 key to shift the bias voltage ene step determined by the step bias voltage setting in the indicated direction Note If the spot bias voltage is higher than the stop bias voltage or less than the start bias voltage error code E 04 will be displayed on DISPLAY C and the measurement will not be performed Pressing and holding the STEP UP o key or STEP DOWN 3 key continuously advances swept bias voltage measurement When X10 STEP key is pressed simultaneously with the STEP UP or STEP DOWN 3 key the step bias voltage is increased by a factor of ten This is forlinear sweeps only Auto Sweep a Press MAN AUTO key to set to auto sweep mode indicator lamp comes on b Pressing the START UP 2 key starts the bias voltage sweep from the programmed start bias volt age The bias voltage sweep ends at the stop bias voitage Pressing the START DOWN 3 key starts the bias v
157. tion 1mHz at 1mHz 10kHz 10mHz at 10kHz 100kHz 100 mHz at 100kHz 1 MHz 1 Hz at 1MHz 13 MHz SPOT BIAS The spot bias voltage oY a5 e a 35V 35V START BIAS The start voltage for swept voltage measure Resolution 10mV ments STOP BIAS The stop voltage for swept voltage measure ments STEP BIAS The step voltage for swept voltage measure Range 10mV v 35V ments Resolution 10mV OSC LEVEL The level rms of the signal output by the Range S5mV 1 1V internal synthesizer Resolution ImV at 5mV 100mV SmV at 10OOmV 1 1V Range and resolution are the same as those of the DISPLAY A B parameter tion measurements The reference value for DISPLAY B devia tion measurements 2 Percent Deviation Measurement A Delta Per 3 29 Use the following procedure to perform deviation cent measurements The difference between the measured value of the 1 Set the front panel controls for normal amplitude DUT and a previously stored reference value phase or impedance measurement Basic proce REF A or REF B is displayed as a percentage of dure for amplitude phase measurement is given the reference value The formula used to calcu in Figure 3 10 and in Figure 3 30 for impedance late the percent deviation is measurements A a B X 100 2 Press the BLUE key and the REF A or REF B key At this time the previously stored reference where A is the measured value o
158. tion to the square of the measurement frequency HpoT VECTOR VOLTMETER FaN Detects vector t Model 4192A HCUR r Heot Figure 3 19 voltage across DUT Four Terminal Pair DUT Connections VECTOR AMMETER Detects vector current flow through DUT Figure 3 20 Four Terminal Pair Measurement Principle 3 48 Model 4192A 3 77 Selection of Test Cable Length 3 78 The propagation signal in a transmission line will develop a change in phase between two points on the line as illustrated in Figure 3 21 The difference in phase corresponds to the ratio of the distance between the two points to the wavelength of the propagating signal Con sequently owing to their length test cables for connect ing a sample will cause a phase shift and a propagation loss of the test signal For example the wavelength of a 13MHz test signal is 23 meters which is 23 times as long as the lm standard test cables Here the phase of the test signal at the end of the test cable will have been shifted by about 15 6 degrees 360 23 as referenced to the phase at the other end of the cable Since the effect of test cables on measurements and the resultant measurement error increase in proportion to the test frequency cable length must be taken into consideration in high frequency measuremnts The CABLE LENGTH switch selects measuring circuitry for the 1m standard test cables or for a test fixture attached dire
159. uble the error for all values of C 4 If D gt 0 1 multiply error of D by 1 D 5 e r in the table Where 8 number of digits displayed when the DISPLAY A function is changed to IZI I Yl Model 4192A Section I Table 1 1 Table 1 1 Specifications Sheet 12 of 12 DC BIAS Valid for impedance measurements only Voltage Range 35V to 35V 10mV steps Setting Accuracy at 23 C 5 C 0 5 of setting 5 mV Output Resistance 11082 to 11kQ 10 depends on measuring range Maximum Output Current Varies with measuring frequency and range Floating measurements 20mA max Low grounded measurements 5mA max Control Front panel numeric keys or HP 1IB remote control GENERAL OPERATING TEMPERATURE 0 C to 55 C RELATIVE HUMIDITY lt 95 at 40 C POWER 100 120 220V 10 240V 5 10 48Hz to 66Hz power consumption 150VA maximum DIMENSIONS 425 5mm W X 235mm H X 615mm D WEIGHT Approximately 19 kg FURNISHED ACCESSORIES AND PARTS 16047A Test Fixture 11048C 5082 Feedthrough Termination 2 ea Splitter HP Part No 04192 61001 Nominal 5092 Power Cord HP Part No 8120 1378 OPTIONS OPTION 907 Front Handle Kit HP Part No 5061 0091 OPTION 908 Rack Flange Kit HP Part No 5061 0079 OPTION 909 Rack and Handle Kit HP Part No 5061 0085 OPTION 910 Extra Manual Section I Model 4192A Table 1 2 Table 1 2 General Information Sheet 1 of 2 GENERAL INFORMA
160. ure 3 9 Cable Compensation Sheet 4 of 4 3 31 Section III Model 4192A Paragraphs 3 59 and 3 60 3 59 Amplitude Phase Measurement Operating Instruc tions 3 60 Basic operating instructions for amplitude phase measurements are given in Figure 3 10 1 Turn On a Press the LINE ON OFF key to turn the 4192A on b Following turn on the instrument will perform the following operations in the order listed G Initial operational check is performed refer to paragraph 3 7 HP IB address set by the HP IB control switch on rear panel refer to paragraph 3 117 is displayed on DISPLAY A e g H 17 Initial control setting is performed refer to paragraph 3 9 c Confirm that 4192A trigger lamp begins to flash d Press the BLUE key and then the SELF TEST key to check the basic operation of the instrument Refer to paragraph 3 7 for details on the SELF TEST Note The 4192A requires a one hour warm up period to satisfy all specifications listed in Table 1 1 2 Test Fixture Connection Connect the desired test fixture Refer to paragraphs 3 46 and 3 48 for Input Configuration and Impedance Matching respectively Note When the 16096A Test Fixture or 10013A 10 1 Scope Probe is used error compensation described in Figure 3 9 must be performed 3 Setting Measurement Condition a Select the desired DISPLAY A parameter by pressing the or up down key The indicator lamp adjacent to the selected parameter will come on
161. value displayed on DISPLAY B Normalized value is 1V max DISPLAY A connector Outputs voltage proportional to the value displayed on DISPLAY A Nor malized value is 1 V max Refer to paragraph 3 121 for specifics Figure 3 3 Rear Panel Features Sheet 2 of 2 Section IH Paragraphs 3 7 to 3 10 3 7 SELF TEST 3 8 The 4192A is equipped with an automatic self diagnostic function that can be initiated at any time to confirm normal operation of the instrument s basic functions The SELF TEST can be initiated from the front panel by pressing the BLUE key and the SELF TEST key or via HP IB remote control program code S1 When the SELF TEST is initiated indicator lamp is on the six tests listed in Table 3 1 are automatically performed and the results pass code or one of the error codes listed in the table are displayed on DISPLAY A If no errors are detected PASS is displayed on DIS PLAY A and the instrument is returned to normal measurement mode SELF TEST indicator is off If an error is detected the corresponding error code is displayed on DISPLAY A and the SELF TEST stops If the instrument fails the SELF TEST contact the nearest Hewlett Packard Service Office see list at back of this manual An abbreviated SELF TEST which includes test 1 one second only 2 3 and 6 at 100kHz only of the standard SELF TEST is performed each time the instrument is turned on During this abbreviated SELF TEST only er
162. we ll discuss only the effects which result from the interaction of the reactive susceptive parameter elements L C etc of a component 3 88 The impedance of a component can be expressed in vector representation by a complex number as shown in Figure 3 28 In such representation the effective resistance and effective reactance correspond to the pro jections of the impedance vector IZ lt 9 that is the real R axis and the imaginary jX axis respectively When phase angle 6 changes both Re and X change in accordance with the definitions above As component measurement parameters L C R D etc are also re presentations of components related to the impedance Figure 3 28 Impedance Vector Representation Section IIL Paragraphs 3 86 to 3 90 vector phase angle dominates their values Consider for example the inductance and the loss of an inductive component at frequencies around its self resonant fre quency Figure 3 29 shows the equivalent circuit of the inductor The inductance Lx resonates with the dis tributed capacitance Co at frequency fo The phase angle 8 of the impedance vector approaches O degrees the vector approaches the R axis when the operating fre quency is close to the resonant frequency Thus the inductance of this component decreases while on the other hand the resistive factor loss increases At the resonant frequency fo this component is purely resistive The effective resistance
163. x 2 RoGx LoGx Cx Gm Gx 1 2 LoCx RoGx w RoCx Gx Effect of stray admittance on L R measurement Lm Lx 1 2GoRx w CoLx CoRx Cx Rm Rx 1 GoRx 2w CoLx w Lx Go Rx Figure 3 26 Effects of Residual Impedance called residual parameters In the equivalent measuring circuit Figure 3 25 Lo represents residual inductances in test component leads Ro is lead resistance Go is con ductance between the leads and Co is the stray capaci tance illustrated in Figure 3 24 Reactive factors in the residual impedance and susceptive factors in the stray admittance have a greater effect on measurement at higher frequencies 3 85 Figure 3 26 shows the effect of residual imped ance on C G measurement and the effect of stray admittance on L R measurement Generally Lo resonates with the capacitance of the sample series resonance and Co resonates with the inductance of the sample parallel resonance respectively at a specific high frequency Thus the impedance of the test sample will have a minimum value corresponding to resonant peaks as shown in Figure 3 27 The presence of Lo and Co causes measurement errors as the phase of the test signal current varies over a broad frequency region around the resonant frequencies Additional errors due to the resonance increase in proportion to the square of the measurement frequency below resonant frequency and can be theoretically approximate
164. y or phase in degrees or radians selected by DIS PLAY B Function is The value displayed on DISPLAY A is the gain or loss of the network under test Group delay or phase is displayed on DISPLAY BO A dBm dBV Measures the absolute amplitude of the reference input CHANNEL A in dBm or dBV selected by GAIN MODE Select key 6 Amplitude is displayed on DISPLAY AG When this parameter is selected DIS PLAY B Function 8 has no select able parameters and DISPLAY BA is blank B dBm dBV Measures the absolute amplitude of the test input CHANNEL B 3 identical to A dBm dBV in all other respects DISPLAY B Function Select Key and Indicators This key is used in conjunction with the CIRCUIT MODE keys to select the secondary measurement parameter for display on DISPLAY B O Selectable parameters are 0 phase Q quality factor D dissipation factor R G equi valent series resistance or equivalent parallel con ductance and GROUP DELAY Phase 9 can only be selected when DISPLAY A Function 8 is set to IZI Y or B A dB Q D and R G only when DISPLAY A Function is set to L or C GROUP DELAY only when DISPLAY A Func tion is set to B A dB Section HI Figure 3 2 The selected parameter is indicated by the corres ponding LED lamp Pressing this key shifts the selected parameter in the indicated direction 6 deg Measures in degrees the phase angle of IZI absolute

MODEL 4192A LF IMPEDANCE ANALYZER

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