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ZVL quick start - Emory University

1. Open Start Menu see section Accessing Windows XP s Start Menu on p 37 2 Open Windows XP s control panel 3 Select System and open the Remote tab in the System Properties dialog Enable Allow users to connect remotely to this computer 4 Assign an IP address to the analyzer following the directions below and connect the analyzer to the network as described in Connecting a LAN Cable 5 Create a Remote Desktop Connection using the analyzer s IP address Password protection The analyzer uses a user name and password as credentials for remote access In the factory configuration instrument is preset for both the user name and the password To protect the analyzer from unauthorized access it is recommended to change the factory setting 1 7 1 Assigning an IP Address Depending on the network capacities the TCP IP address information for the analyzer can be obtained in different ways e lf the network supports dynamic TCP IP configuration using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP all address information can be assigned automatically Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 34 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Remote Control in a LAN e lfthe network does not support DHCP or if the analyzer is set to use alternate TCP IP configuration the addresses must be set manually By default the analyzer is configured to use dynamic TCP IP configuration and obtain all address information automatically This means t
2. 1 1 3 Function Keys The keys in the upper right part of the front panel provide direct access to the most important measurement settings Each key opens a drop down menu softkey menu or activates a menu command softkey of the graphical user interface The softkeys are hidden after a while to make room for the display and the measurement results The links in the short descriptions below will take you to the detailed description for the network analyzer mode If the spectrum analyzer option R amp S ZVL K1 is active the keys have a similar function The network analyzer keys SCALE FORMAT and CAL have no direct equivalent in spectrum analysis they are replaced by the AMPT TRIG and RUN keys respectively CENTER SPAN SCALE BR Led SWEEP wen e J CENTER or SPAN define the center frequency and the width of the sweep range SCALE defines how the current trace is presented in the diagram If the spectrum analyzer option R amp S ZVL K1 is active the key provides additional functions affecting the displayed signal amplitude AMPT PWR BW defines the power of the internal signal source sets the step attenuators and the IF bandwidths e SWEEP defines the scope of measurement including the sweep type the number of points the measurement delay and the periodicity of the measurement e FORMAT defines how the measured data is presented in the graphical display If the spectrum analyzer option R amp S ZVL K1 is
3. Conformity is proven by compliance with the following standards EN 61010 1 2001 EN 55011 2007 A2 2007 EN 61326 1 2006 EN 61326 2 1 2006 EN 61000 3 2 2006 EN 61000 3 3 1995 A1 2001 A2 2005 For the assessment of electromagnetic compatibility the limits of radio interference for Class A equipment as well as the immunity to interference for operation in industry have been used as a basis ROHDE amp SCHWARZ GmbH amp Co KG Muhldorfstr 15 D 81671 Munchen Munich 2009 06 25 Central Quality Management MF QZ Radde 1303 6509 xx CE E 3 Basic Safety Instructions Always read through and comply with the following safety instructions All plants and locations of the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies make every effort to keep the safety standards of our products up to date and to offer our customers the highest possible degree of safety Our products and the auxiliary equipment they require are designed built and tested in accordance with the safety standards that apply in each case Compliance with these standards is continuously monitored by our quality assurance system The product described here has been designed built and tested in accordance with the attached EC Certificate of Conformity and has left the manufacturer s plant in a condition fully complying with safety standards To maintain this condition and to ensure safe operation you must observe all instructions and warnings provided in this manual If
4. Real part of z Re z x Imaginary part of z Im z y Voltage Standing Wave Ratio SWR 1 riit Jl Group Delay Group delay neg derivative of d z d o 2r f the phase response AAA Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 81 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts An extended range of formats and conversion formulas is available for markers To convert any point on a trace create a marker and select the appropriate marker format Marker and trace formats can be selected independently 3 1 7 3 Polar Diagrams Polar diagrams show the measured data response values in the complex plane with a horizontal real axis and a vertical imaginary axis The grid lines correspond to points of equal magnitude and phase e The magnitude of the response values corresponds to their distance from the center Values with the same magnitude are located on circles e The phase of the response values is given by the angle from the positive horizontal axis Values with the same phase on straight lines originating at the center The following example shows a polar diagram with a marker used to display a pair of stimulus and response values d a E 1 0 ehr 1 2 000000 GHz 0 486 U 123 51 Meee Stan 40 h i Pwr 10 dBm Example Reflection coefficients in polar diagrams If the measured quantity is a complex reflection coefficient Gu S22 etc then the center of the polar diagram corresponds to a perfect load Zo at the in
5. indicates the possibility of incorrect operation which can result in damage to NOTICE the product In the product documentation the word ATTENTION is used synonymously These tags are in accordance with the standard definition for civil applications in the European Economic Area Definitions that deviate from the standard definition may also exist in other economic areas or military applications It is therefore essential to make sure that the tags described here are always used only in connection with the related product documentation and the related product The use of tags in connection with unrelated products or documentation can result in misinterpretation and in personal injury or material damage Operating states and operating positions The product may be operated only under the operating conditions and in the positions specified by the manufacturer without the product s ventilation being obstructed If the manufacturer s specifications are not observed this can result in electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or death Applicable local or national safety regulations and rules for the prevention of accidents must be observed in all work performed 1 Unless otherwise specified the following requirements apply to Rohde amp Schwarz products predefined operating position is always with the housing floor facing down IP protection 2X pollution severity 2 overvoltage category 2 use only indoors max operating altitude 20
6. Meas Marker 2 Format Marker 3 Scale Ref Marker lt q Open dialog ait Delta Made Mkr gt Ref Mkr All Mkrs OFF Mkr Format Open submenu More Mrs Coupled Mkrs Discrete Mkrs Mkr Properties Export Mkrs 3 As soon as you reach the desired menu command which must not be one opening a submenu press ENTER or press the rotary knob to initiate an action or open a dialog After command execution or after closing the dialog the menu bar is deactivated and the cursor returns to the diagram softkey area To Make a Selection in a Dialog 1 Press a softkey or a menu item followed by three dots to open a dialog 2 Use the navigation keys and or the rotary knob to access the controls in the dialog e Press Left Field or Right Field or the cursor keys to switch between the control elements in a dialog Select Mkr Marker 1 gt Stimulue 3 00015 GHz Zil Mame Mkr 1 ei Format Default e Press the cursor keys to switch between several entries in a list of alternative or independent settings Mode W Marker On Y Fixed Marker Delta Mode Discrete Mode All Mkrs Coupled EES Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 51 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Basic Tasks 3 Use the data entry keys or the rotary knob to enter numbers Use the on screen keyboard for character entry For more details refer to Data Entry 4 Press ENTER ESC CANCEL or press the rotary
7. 30 daa MON as atari EE 64 eu Ve 38 MEU e inde ingrata T 89 Front Panel scott cicae 11 Spectrogram Measurements occcoccccccnncccnncccnnnnnnoncnnnoninons 101 Front STE 50 Spectrum Analysis mscorlib 100 ee E S AEE A ERE A E EEE EA E E son 101 o 16 Pe LEDS A q 101 Stanup Heite SAUTE E 29 ee e R E E EA 101 TOSM calibration correa 96 e EE AO E EEOSE AEAT 101 Trace data flOW podais 64 SA nn A T 101 TO EH 62 ee e E Elle on 102 Transmission masurement example ennenneneenrnnnennenne 49 PO EE 101 no 101 A 102 WCDMA Measurements ccooccccccnccccnccccncncnnnnnncnnnnoncnnnonos 102 Pa PA qq 102 WiMAX OFDM OFDMA Analysis occooccccocccocccccccncccccnnno 102 Full one port calibration 0nn0nnnnnnaeneenonnnnnnnnnnnsnnennnnnnnnn 95 Windows Picar deo tiroteos 37 Gated Gween 101 WLAN OFDM Anahysis ne eennennrreeereneenne 102 o nn E 90 o A 91 INSTUMEAES E 21 nn E AE a a saaa 90 IP address assign A 34 ZN ERK RE 100 Keyboard ON cr on 52 A ee 100 Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 103 For your User Documentation CD ROM
8. Diagrams Cartesian diagrams are rectangular diagrams used to display a scalar quantity as a function of the stimulus variable frequency e The stimulus variable appears on the horizontal axis x axis scaled linearly sweep type Lin Frequency or logarithmically sweep type Log Frequency e The measured data response values appears on the vertical axis y axis The scale of the y axis is linear with equidistant grid lines although the y axis values may be obtained from the measured data by non linear conversions The following examples show the same trace in Cartesian diagrams with linear and logarithmic x axis scaling AAA Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 80 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Start 40 MHz Pur 10 dBm Stop 6 GHz 3 1 7 2 Conversion of Complex into Real Quantities The results to be selected in the Trace Meas menu can be divided into two groups e S Parameters Impedances and Admittances are complex e Stability Factors are real The following table shows how the response values in the different Cartesian diagrams are calculated from the complex measurement values z x jy where x y Z are functions of the sweep variable The formulas also hold for real results which are treated as complex values with zero imaginary part y 0 Description Formule Magnitude of z in dB Z sqrt x y dB Mag z 20 log z dB Magnitude of z unconverted z sqrt x y
9. ESC CANCEL key is used to CANCEL e Close dialogs without activating the entries made equivalent to the Close button e Close the Help BACK deletes the last character before the cursor position or the BACK selected character sequence If an entire numeric value is selected BACK deletes the whole entry 1 1 6 Rotary Knob The rotary knob can be turned in both directions or pressed Turning the rotary knob is equivalent to the action of the cursor up and down keys Turn the knob in order to e Increase or decrease numerical values e Scroll within lists e Switch to the previous or next dialog element e Pressing the rotary knob is equivalent to the action of the ENTER key Press the knob in order to e Activate the selected active control element e g a button in a dialog or a link in the Help e Confirm selections and entries made and close dialogs 1 1 7 Power On Off Key The power on off toggle switch is located in the bottom left corner of the front panel lt gt The key serves two main purposes e Save settings shut down and switch off Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 16 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use AAA AAA AAA Front Panel Tour e Toggle between standby and ready state if the instrument is AC supplied and appropriately configured 1 1 8 Test Ports N connectors labelled PORT 1 and PORT 2 RF INPUT The test ports serve as outputs for the RF stimulus signal and as inputs for
10. Measurement Demodulator nsnnaeeneneaeneen 101 se EE 16 Automatic calibrations sisisi niei 97 A A 12 Basic CONC Suunto cielo 61 A E EE A EE A 11 Bluetooth Measurements ccoooccoccccconcccncccconnnnconconancnanonos 101 LAN for remote Control 34 Cal dada nee 93 on alle EE 62 Calibratori israelitas 94 Een le 28 Calibration standard DEE 94 EN WE 62 Helde be 94 Measurement mode NNN 98 Calibration unt 97 Monitor CONNECTION occcocccocccoconoccncccnoncnnnoncncnnncanonennnncnnnos 32 Channel data Town 64 Navigation keys isucuianidoio sidonia 14 A a e e on 62 Navigation tools screen ooooconnccccccnnccooccnoncnnonnnncnoncnnonons 66 Data entry Keys iniciada lA 15 Noise Figure and Gain Measurements 101 Data e EE 52 eine 95 Data Flow NWA applications idiota 29 Paralelo dico 64 One path two port calbraton 96 wave quantities sir ia 64 Reen EE 98 DB E 64 POWEF on off KEY rra 16 Data processi csiis a aE biS ANE En ait 64 RES AI iii a 97 Diagram area 62 70 AI 19 Ds A 80 Reflection measurement example oocconccocccoccconcconnononono 43 SOMO seso a 54 Replacing fuses setas aa 21 Dialogs general description onnesennnsnneeeneeeennennreeereenne 77 a ET 16 RI EE 12 e glo dagran S casiess cin nacccuinenraseuacdeseascasvadsevnatssadaedesiesse bens 54 DISTANCE OF IEN 100 A 12 Bea e A o e AU O O A 32 Sep AE 38 Examples le 12 Reflection measurement 43 RTE e en E 29 Transmission measurement 49 S parameters Ate Ree
11. Smith chart The basic properties of the inverted Smith chart follow from this construction e The central horizontal axis corresponds to zero susceptance real admittance The center of the diagram represents Y Y 1 where Yo is the reference admittance of the system zero reflection At the left and right intersection points between the horizontal axis and the outer circle the admittance is infinity short and zero open e The outer circle corresponds to zero conductance purely imaginary admittance Points outside the outer circle indicate an active component e The upper and lower half of the diagram correspond to negative inductive and positive capacitive susceptive components of the admittance respectively Example Reflection coefficients in the inverted Smith chart If the measured quantity is a complex reflection coefficient T e g S414 S22 then the unit inverted Smith chart can be used to read the normalized admittance of the DUT The coordinates in the normalized admittance plane and in the reflection coefficient plane are related as follows see also definition of matched circuit converted admittances YI Yo 1 T 1 T From this equation it is easy to relate the real and imaginary components of the complex admittance to the real and imaginary parts of I 1 Re P mT 1 Ref A bm A Io G Re Y Y RP mT B Im Y Y in order to deduce the following properties of the graphical represe
12. Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 76 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Center Power Span Channel Manager Shark Meas Bandwidth Mew Channel Stop Average Delete Channel Number of Points Awerage Factor The settings correspond to the most common commands in the Channel Channel Select Channel Center Span and Channel Pwr Bw menus 3 1 5 8 Context Menus To provide access to the most common tasks and speed up the operation the analyzer offers context menus right click menus for the following display elements e Diagram area Marker info field Trace list separate context menus for trace name section measured quantity section format section scale section and channel section e Channel list separate context menus for channel name section sweep range section additional parameter section Working with context menus requires a mouse Click inside the display element that you want to work with using the right mouse button Except from some particular screen configurations anything you can do from a context menu you can also do from the menu bar using front panel keys and softkeys Use whatever method is most convenient for you 3 1 6 Dialogs Dialogs provide groups of related settings and allow to make selections and enter data in an organized way All softkeys with three dots behind their labeling as in Mkr Properties call up a dialog The dialogs of the analyzer have an analog
13. active the key provides trigger settings TRIG ET e MKR positions markers on a trace configures their properties and selects the format of the numerical readout e MARKER gt provides marker functions that allow you to search for values on traces define the sweep range scale the diagram and introduce an electrical length offset Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 13 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Front Panel Tour e CAL provides all functions that are necessary to perform a system error correction calibration If the spectrum analyzer option R amp S ZVL K1 is active the key starts a new measurement RUN e MEAS selects the quantity to be measured and displayed e LINES defines limits for measured values and activates the limit check e TRACE provides functions to handle traces in diagram areas evaluate trace Statistics and store trace data Navigation Keys The navigation keys below the rotary knob are used to navigate within the analyzer screen and the Help system to access and control active elements Zr d The Left Field Tab or Right Field Shift Tab keys switch E Sy between several active elements in dialogs and panes e g in order to access y a e All control elements e g buttons numerical or text input fields radio buttons checkmarks combo boxes etc in a dialog e All links in a Help topic not possible with the rotary knob The Cursor Up and Cursor Down keys are us
14. analyzer and explains how to solve basic tasks that you will frequently encounter when working with the instrument General safety instructions Before starting any measurement on your network analyzer please note the instructions given in Chapter Preparing for Use In the System Overview you will find detailed information on customizing the instrument and the display according to your personal preferences For a systematic explanation of all menus functions and parameters and background information refer to the reference chapters in the online help system Windows operation In the following we assume that you are familiar with standard Windows dialogs and mouse operation Refer to sections Using Front Panel Keys and Data Entry to learn how to access instrument functions and control dialogs without a mouse and keyboard 2 1 Reflection Measurements In a reflection measurement the analyzer transmits a stimulus signal to the input port of the device under test DUT and measures the reflected wave A number of trace formats allow you to express and display the results depending on what you want to learn from the data Only one analyzer test port is required for reflection measurements In the following example the analyzer is set up for a reflection measurement a frequency sweep range and measurement parameter is selected the instrument is calibrated and the result is evaluated using various formats 2 1 1 Instrument Setup fo
15. assigned to the key e Wait 2 seconds to confirm an entry 2 e Use or to enter a dot or a hyphen Eo Jl a ii L e Use the sign key to change from upper case to lower case and vice versa a e Use the checkmark key to enter a space e Use the BACK key to correct wrong entries deleting the character to the left of the current cursor position e Press ENTER to complete an entry ENTER i e Press ESC CANCEL to close the popup dialog discarding the SE entries made a To enter letters you can also use one of the following methods If the active input field has a symbol then use the analyzer s on screen keyboard Otherwise use an external keyboard or a mouse and Windows XP s on screen keyboard Using the Analyzer s On Screen Keyboard The on screen keyboard allows you to enter characters in particular letterswithout an external keyboard It is available for all character input fields which have a l symbol Operation with front panel keys Place the cursor into a character data input field in a dialog or in the numeric entry bar Press ENTER or the Checkmark key to open the on screen keyboard Use the cursor keys or turn the rotary knob to move the cursor to a character Press ENTER or the rotary knob to select the character for the input string After completing the input string use the Right Field key to move to the OK button SS tt SN Press ENTER or the rotary knob to apply your
16. de seguridad Nuestros productos y todos los equipos adicionales son siempre fabricados y examinados seg n las normas de seguridad vigentes Nuestro sistema de garant a de calidad controla constantemente que sean cumplidas estas normas El presente producto ha sido fabricado y examinado seg n el certificado de conformidad adjunto de la UE y ha salido de nuestra planta en estado impecable seg n los est ndares t cnicos de seguridad Para poder preservar este estado y garantizar un funcionamiento libre de peligros el usuario deber atenerse a todas las indicaciones informaciones de seguridad y notas de alerta El grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz est siempre a su disposici n en caso de que tengan preguntas referentes a estas informaciones de seguridad Adem s queda en la responsabilidad del usuario utilizar el producto en la forma debida Este producto est destinado exclusivamente al uso en la industria y el laboratorio o si ha sido expresamente autorizado para aplicaciones de campo y de ninguna manera deber ser utilizado de modo que alguna persona cosa pueda sufrir da o El uso del producto fuera de sus fines definidos o sin tener en cuenta las instrucciones del fabricante queda en la responsabilidad del usuario El fabricante no se hace en ninguna forma responsable de consecuencias a causa del mal uso del producto 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 6 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Se parte del uso correcto del producto para los f
17. empresario u operador es responsable de seleccionar el personal usuario apto para el manejo del producto Antes de desplazar o transportar el producto lea y tenga en cuenta el cap tulo Transporte Como con todo producto de fabricaci n industrial no puede quedar excluida en general la posibilidad de que se produzcan alergias provocadas por algunos materiales empleados los llamados al rgenos p ej el n quel Si durante el manejo de productos Rohde amp Schwarz se producen reacciones al rgicas como p ej irritaciones cut neas estornudos continuos enrojecimiento de la conjuntiva o dificultades respiratorias debe avisarse inmediatamente a un m dico para investigar las causas y evitar cualquier molestia o da o a la salud Antes de la manipulaci n mec nica y o t rmica o el desmontaje del producto debe tenerse en cuenta imprescindiblemente el cap tulo Eliminaci n punto 1 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 10 5 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Ciertos productos como p ej las instalaciones de radiocomunicaci n RF pueden a causa de su funci n natural emitir una radiaci n electromagn tica aumentada Deben tomarse todas las medidas necesarias para la protecci n de las mujeres embarazadas Tambi n las personas con marcapasos pueden correr peligro a causa de la radiaci n electromagn tica El empresario operador tiene la obligaci n de evaluar y se alizar las reas de trabajo en las que exista un riesgo elevado de ex
18. is advantageous for the analysis of pulsed carrier signals e g to investigate the modulation spectrum of GSM signals or WLAN signals 3 4 6 AM FM oM Measurement Demodulator R amp S FSL K7 The AM FM M Measurement Demodulator option R amp S FSL K7 converts the ZVL into an analog modulation analyzer for amplitude frequency or phase modulated signals It measures not only characteristics of the useful modulation but also factors such as residual FM or synchronous modulation 3 4 7 Bluetooth Measurements R amp S FSL K8 Option R amp S FSL K8 provides measurements on Bluetooth transmitters All measurements are carried out in line with the Bluetooth RF test specification Rev 2 0 DER and cover basic rate as well as Enhanced Data Rate EDR packets 3 4 8 Spectrogram Measurements R amp S FSL K14 Option FSL K14 adds a spectrogram display and trace recording to the ZVL The spectrogram view gives a history of the spectrum and helps to analyze intermittent problems or variations in frequency and level versus time 3 4 9 Noise Figure and Gain Measurements R amp S FSL K30 Option R amp S FSL K30 adds the capability to measure noise figure and noise temperature This enables manufacturers of amplifiers to analyze all necessary characteristics e g noise figure nonlinear parameters such as harmonics intermodulation or ACPR as well as S parameters In addition to the spectrum analyzer option R amp S ZVL K1 option R amp S FSL K30 a
19. magnitude of the reflection coefficient of an open circuit Z infinity 0 is one its phase is zero e The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of a short circuit Z 0 U 0 is one its phase is 1 80 Inverted Smith Chart The inverted Smith chart is a circular diagram that maps the complex reflection coefficients Go to normalized admittance values In contrast to the polar diagram the scaling of the diagram is not linear The grid lines correspond to points of constant conductance and susceptance e Points with the same conductance are located on circles e Points with the same susceptance produce arcs The following example shows an inverted Smith chart with a marker used to display the stimulus value the complex admittance Y G j B and the equivalent inductance L see marker format description in the help system shkr 1 2 000000 GHz 62 212 mi 18 885 m Bur 10 dBm Polar diagram types A comparison of the Smith chart the inverted Smith chart and the polar diagram reveals many similarities between the two representations In fact the shape of a trace does not change at all if the display format is switched from Polar to Smith or Inverted Smith the analyzer simply replaces the underlying grid and the default marker format Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 85 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Inverted Smith chart construction The inverted Smith chart is point symmetric to the
20. needs to be installed only once even though the printer may be temporarily removed from the analyzer Printer driver installation A great variety of printer drivers is available on the analyzer To obtain the complete list access Windows XP press the Windows key and open the Add Printer Wizard in the Start Control Panel Printer and Faxes menu You can load updated and improved driver versions or new drivers from an installation disk USB memory stick or another external storage medium Alternatively if the analyzer is integrated in a network you can install driver data stored in a network directory In either case use the Add Printer Wizard to complete the installation Printer configuration Use the Page Setup dialog or the Start Control Panel Printers and Faxes menu of Windows XP to configure the printer properties To access Windows XP press SETUP General Setup More Open Start Menu or connect an external keyboard and press CTRL ESC Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 31 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Connecting External Accessories 1 6 4 Connecting a Monitor A standard DVI monitor can be connected to the DVI D connector in the lower right corner of the rear panel The monitor displays the magnified R amp S ZVL screen with all diagram areas measurement results and control elements Connection of an analog VGA monitor is not supported After connecting the monitor use the SETUP Gene
21. pH Meee Stan 40 h i Pwr 10 dBm Polar diagram types A comparison of the Smith chart the inverted Smith chart and the polar diagram reveals many similarities between the two representations In fact the shape of a trace does not change at all if the display format is switched from Polar to Smith or Inverted Smith the analyzer simply replaces the underlying grid and the default marker format Smith chart construction In a Smith chart the impedance plane is reshaped so that the area with positive resistance is mapped into a unit circle Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 83 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts The basic properties of the Smith chart follow from this construction e The central horizontal axis corresponds to zero reactance real impedance The center of the diagram represents Z Z 1 which is the reference impedance of the system zero reflection At the left and right intersection points between the horizontal axis and the outer circle the impedance is zero short and infinity open e The outer circle corresponds to zero resistance purely imaginary impedance Points outside the outer circle indicate an active component e The upper and lower half of the diagram correspond to positive inductive and negative capacitive reactive components of the impedance respectively Example Reflection coefficients in the Smith chart If the measured quantity is a complex reflection coef
22. right of the display to open the associated numeric entry bar Center Frequency Enter the center of your desired frequency range in e g 5 25 GHz If you use the data keys at the front panel for data entry simply type 5 25 and terminate the entry with the G n key Refer to section Data Entry to learn more about entering numeric values and characters 2 Press SPAN and enter the width of the frequency range you want to measure e g 0 5 GHz In addition to the linear frequency sweep considered in this example the analyzer provides frequency sweeps with a logarithmic or segmented frequency axis Refer to Setting up a Sweep for more application examples 3 Press MEAS and select the forward reflection coefficient S as a measurement parameter 4 Press SCALE and activate the Autoscale function The analyzer adjusts the scale of the diagram to fit in the entire S trace Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 44 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Reflection Measurements leaving an appropriate display margin Refer to section Scaling Diagrams to learn more about the different methods and tools for diagram scaling CAT Center 5 25 GHz Pwr 10 dem span 500 MHz 2 1 3 Instrument Calibration The analyzer provides sophisticated calibration methods for all types of measurements Which calibration method is selected depends on the expected system errors the accuracy requirements of the measurement on the test setup and on t
23. selection and close the keyboard Operation with a mouse 1 Click the keyboard symbol to open the on screen keyboard 2 Click a sequence of characters and OK to apply your selection and close the keyboard Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 53 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Basic Tasks You can also access Windows XP s on screen keyboard from the start menu Press SETUP General Setup More Open Start Menu or connect an external keyboard and press CTRL ESC to open the start menu and click Programs Accessories Accessibility On Screen Keyboard From the start menu you can also access other useful software accessories On Screen Keyboard aaa esc Fl F2 53 Fa f es re ol obs es rro enfer apa faf fs o 7 o s o e Pa tks ep la fwlefr fifa fulifofofuj f E a fs Lotte Iesel oa sl Le ef ofofo LI HI JI UN E E E 2 3 3 Scaling Diagrams The analyzer provides several alternative tools for setting the sweep range and customizing the diagrams Pick the method that is most convenient for you Setting the Sweep Range The sweep range for all channels is displayed in the channel list across the bottom of the diagram area Chi Center 51GHz Pir 10 dBm Span 500 MHz LV stat bo Pwr 10dbm stop 2 9 GHZ To change the sweep range use one of the following methods e Press the CENTER or SPAN function keys on the front panel e Right click the start or stop value in the channel list
24. settings to specify how the network analyzer collects data Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 62 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts e Adiagram area is a rectangular portion of the screen used to display traces Diagram areas belonging to the same setup are arranged in a common window The settings for diagram areas are described in section Display Elements in this chapter A diagram area can contain a practically unlimited number of traces assigned to different channels Diagram areas and channels are completely independent from each other Diag Area 1 Diag Area 2 3 1 2 1 Trace Settings The trace settings specify the mathematical operations used in order to obtain traces from the measured or stored data They can be divided into several main groups Selection of the measured quantity S parameters impedances Conversion into the appropriate display format and selection of the diagram type Scaling of the diagram and selection of the traces associated to the same channel Readout and search of particular values on the trace by means of markers Limit check The Trace menu provides all trace settings They complement the definitions of the Channel menu Each trace is assigned to a channel The channel settings apply to all traces assigned to the channel Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 63 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Active Traces O If a trace is selected in order to apply the trace setti
25. situations Therefore carefully read through and adhere to the following safety instructions before and when using the product It is also absolutely essential to observe the additional safety instructions on personal safety for example that appear in relevant parts of the product documentation In these safety instructions the word product refers to all merchandise sold and distributed by the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies including instruments systems and all accessories Symbols and safety labels Notice general Caution Danger of Warning PE terminal Ground Ground Be careful when danger location when electric Hot surface terminal handling handling electrostatic heavy sensitive equipment devices Observe product documentation ON OFF supply Standby Direct current Alternating current Direct alternating Device fully protected by voltage indication DC AC current DC AC double reinforced insulation 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 1 Basic Safety Instructions Tags and their meaning The following signal words are used in the product documentation in order to warn the reader about risks and dangers indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided will result in death or DANGER serious injury lA WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in death or serious injury indicates a hazardous situation which if not avoided could result in minor or moderate injury
26. the Start menu gt On your keyboard press the Windows key or the CTRL ESC key combination To return to the measurement screen use one of the following methods 1 Press the ALT TAB key combination to switch to the analyzer application 2 In the Windows task bar opened via ALT Tab click the R amp S Analyzer Interface Icon Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 3 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Firmware Update 1 9 Firmware Update Upgrade versions of the analyzer firmware are supplied as setup files msi To perform a firmware update you can either use the softkeys associated with the SETUP front panel key or the Instrument_Update_Tool The latter procedure is recommended if installation via SETUP is not practicable Setup files CA To prepare the installation copy the setup file to any storage medium accessible from the analyzer This may be the internal hard disk an external storage medium USB memory stick CD ROM with external drive or a network connection LAN GPIB bus Calibration unit The Calibration Unit accessory R amp S ZV Z5x must be disconnected during a firmware update To install new fimware using the SETUP menu 1 Press SETUP gt More gt Firmware Update and open the Firmware Update dialog box 2 Enter the update path of your firmware depending on the installation medium that you use You can also Browse the update path in the dialog 3 Click Execute to start the installati
27. the measurement results system error correction The process involves the following stages 1 A set of calibration standards is selected and measured over the required sweep range For many calibration types the magnitude and phase response of each calibration standard i e its S parameters if no system errors occur must be known within the entire sweep range 2 The analyzer compares the measurement data of the standards with their known ideal response The difference is used to calculate the system errors using a particular error model calibration type and derive a set of system error correction data 3 The system error correction data is used to correct the measurement results of a DUT that is measured instead of the standards Calibration is always channel specific because it depends on the hardware settings in particular on the sweep range The means that a system error correction data set is stored with the calibrated channel The analyzer provides a wide range of sophisticated calibration methods for all types of measurements Which calibration method is selected depends on the expected system errors the accuracy requirements of the measurement on the test setup and on the types of calibration standards available Due to the analyzer s calibration wizard calibration is a straightforward menu guided process Moreover it is possible to perform the entire calibration process automatically using a calibration unit accessor
28. the measured RF signals from the DUT response signals e With a single test port it is possible to generate a stimulus signal and measure the response signal in reflection e With 2 test ports it is possible to perform full two port measurements see S Parameters section in Chapter 3 e The two network analyzer ports are equivalent If the Spectrum Analysis option R amp S ZVL K1 is active test port PORT 2 serves as an AC coupled input for the analyzed RF signal PORT 1 is not used PORT 3 AF INPUT rim MAX 77 En V D MAN Ai dBm 3 DC Input levels The maximum input levels at all test ports according to the front panel labeling or the data sheet must not be exceeded In addition the maximum input voltages of the other input connectors at the front and rear panel must not be exceeded 1 1 9 USB Connectors Two single Universal Serial Bus connectors of type A master USB used to connect a keyboard recommended PSL Z2 order number 1157 6870 03 mouse recommended PSL Z10 order number 1157 7060 03 or other pointing devices the Calibration Unit accessory R amp S ZV Z5x a printer or an external storage device USB stick CD ROM drive etc Using an adapter cable R amp S NRP 24 a power sensor can be connected as an alternative to the power sensor connector on the rear panel that is only available with option Additional Interfaces R amp S FSL B5 Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 17 F
29. the rear panel A downgrade of the firmware from V3 xx or higher to version lt V3 xx requires the BackGrade program which can be accessed from the Windows XP Start menu of the analyzer 1 Access the Start menu 2 Click Programs Accessories BackGrade and confirm with OK 3 Perform the firmware update using the Instrument Update Tool described above Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 39 Firmware Update LXI The LXI functionality including the home page is unavailable while the instrument is operated without administrator rights R amp S ZVL Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 ee date Stata E 43 2 1 Reflection Measurements occcconncconnncoconconononconcnnonnnnrnnnnaronnnrrrnnnrrnnnnnrrnnnrrrnnrrnannrrrnanens 43 2 1 1 Instrument Setup for Reflection Measurements ccoccncccccncccccnncocnnccnonnnnnnoncnncnnonononnnons 43 2 1 2 Parameter and Sweep Range Selection ooccccccconncccccncccnnocncnonnncnnnnonnoncnonannnnnnonnnnnnos 44 a Gg Ton En CAD ici 45 214 Evaluation O DAA iio 47 21 5 SAVING ANC Printing Dala ia 48 2 2 Transmission Measurements oncconnnccccncocononconnnnonnanononnronnnronnnnrrrnnnnrrnnrrrnanrrnannrrnnanens 49 A SSA o en 50 2 3 1 Control via Front Panel kees 50 Ze Data EN arica 52 E Ae 54 Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 41 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Reflection Measurements 2 Getting Started The following chapter presents a sample session with a R amp S ZVL network
30. to connect the analyzer to a Local Area Network see Remote Operation in a LAN The remaining rear connectors are described in detail in the annex Hardware Interfaces in the online help system e EXT TRIGGER GATE IN is an input for external TTL trigger signals e EXT REF serves as an input for an external 10 MHz reference signal The following connectors require additional hardware options see rear panel labeling e POWER SENSOR is used for connecting power sensors of the R amp S NRP Zxy family Noise Source Control provides the supply voltage for an external noise source IF VIDEO OUT is an output for the IF signal or video signal AUX PORT provides control signals for external devices OCXO provides the internal 10 MHz reference signal which may be used to synchronize external devices The connector can be used as an input for external reference signals too e EC Bus is the GPIB bus connector according to standard IEEE 488 IEC 625 Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 19 Rear Panel Tour Input levels AUX PORT The maximum input levels and voltages of the input connectors at the front and rear panel must not be exceeded When using the AUX PORT watch the pin assignment carefully A short circuit may damage the instrument R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Putting the Instrument into Operation 1 3 Putting the Instrument into Operation 1 3 1 This section describes the basic steps to be taken when setting up
31. trace Right click the trace name and click Show Data or Show Mem from the context menu to display and hide data and memory traces Use the Trace Funct ions to define mathematical traces Right click any of the sections in the trace list except Type to open a context menu and access the most common tasks related to the section Context menus of the trace list A right mouse click on the trace name the measured quantity and the format and scale section of the trace list opens the following context menus respectively dB Mag Phase Smith Trace Manager 511 Polar Assign Diag rea 521 Delay Assign Channel 512 ee erture Delete Trace Se S j a SWR w Marker 1 D Ziel Src Port 1 lane l mas beibi Src Port 1 ae Data gt Mem Real Math DataiMem Trace Color Imag w Show Data Trace Style Inv Smith Show Mem Trace Width Unwrapped Phase Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 73 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Autoscale Scale f Diw Ref Value Assign Channel Ref Position Trace Manager The settings correspond to the most common commands in the Trace Trace Select Trace Trace Funct Trace Meas Trace Format and Trace Scale menus A red label Cal Off appears b
32. trigger especially for service in the analog TV field TV Trigger FSK B8 SAN option Gated sweep especially for the modulation spectrum of GSM signals or bursted Gated Sweep WLAN signals FSL K7 SAN option Analog modulation analysis for amplitude frequency or phase modulated AM FM oM signals Measurement Demodulator FSL K8 SAN option Bluetooth transmitter TX tests in line with the Bluetooth RF test specification Bluetooth including EDR tests Measurements FSL K14 SAN option Spectrogram display and trace recording for general spectrum measurements Spectrogram Measurements FSL K30 SAN option Noise figure and noise temperature measurements especially suited for Noise Figure and measurement mode manufacturers of amplifiers Gain Measurements FSL K72 SAN option Transmitter TX tests on 3GPP FDD downlink signals including HSDPA and WCDMA measurement mode HSUPA channels Measurements 3GPP FDD BTS FSL K91 SAN option Transmitter TX tests on WLAN signals in line with the WLAN standards IEEE WLAN OFDM measurement mode 802 1 1a b g j Analysis FSL K93 SAN option Transmitter TX tests on WLAN signals in line with standard IEEE 802 16 2004 WiMAX measurement mode and IEEE 802 16e 2005 for mobile WiMAX Signals including WiBro OFDM OFDMA Analysis The following sections provide a short introduction to the software options Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 99 R amp S ZVL System Overview Optional R am
33. updated after each sweep dynamic trace Diagram area Rectangular portion of the screen used to display traces Diagram areas are arranged in windows they are independent of trace and channel settings Directivity error Measurement error caused by a coupler or bridge in the analyzer s source port causing part of the generated signal to leak through the forward path into the receive path instead of being transmitted towards the DUT The directivity error can be corrected by means of a full one port calibration or one of the two port calibration methods except normalization Discrete marker The stimulus value of a discrete marker always coincides with a sweep point so that the marker does not show interpolated measurement values Excursion Difference between the response values at a local maximum minimum of the trace and at the two closest local minima maxima to the left and to the right Forward A measurement on a two port DUT is said to be in forward direction if the source signal stimulus is applied to port 1 of the DUT Isolation error Measurement error caused by a crosstalk between the source and receive port of the analyzer Limit check Comparison of the measurement results with the limit lines and display of a pass fail indication Limit line A limit line is a set of data to specify the allowed range for some or all points of a trace Typically limit lines are used to check whether a DUT conforms to the rated speci
34. windows they are independent of trace and channel settings A diagram area can contain a practically unlimited number of traces assigned to different channels overlay mode Diagram areas are controlled and configured by means of the functions in the Display menu and the following additional settings e The settings in the Nwa Setup Display submenu arrange several windows containing one or more diagram areas within the entire screen Each window corresponds to a setup Only one setup can be active at a time and only the traces of the active setup are updated by the current measurements e Various settings to assign traces to diagram areas are provided in the Trace Trace gt Traces submenu Diagram areas may contain e Measurement results in particular the traces and marker values e An indication of the basic channel and trace settings e Context menus providing settings related to the current screen The examples in this section have been taken from Cartesian diagrams All other diagram types provide the same display elements Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 70 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts gt parameter measurement IEE A JE Mag 10 dB Ref 0 dE Tree gt Mikr 2 3 207616 GHz 0866 db Ref 3 000150 GHz 6 144 db 5 662 db Maximize Overlay All Split All Add Trace Add Diag rea Trace Delete Diag rea Title Color Scheme Chl Start 300 kHz Pwr 10 dm Stop 6
35. 00 m above sea level max transport altitude 4500 m above sea level A tolerance of 10 shall apply to the nominal voltage and 5 to the nominal frequency N Do not place the product on surfaces vehicles cabinets or tables that for reasons of weight or stability are unsuitable for this purpose Always follow the manufacturer s installation instructions when installing the product and fastening it to objects or structures e g walls and shelves An installation that is not carried out as described in the product documentation could result in personal injury or death Ge Do not place the product on heat generating devices such as radiators or fan heaters The ambient temperature must not exceed the maximum temperature specified in the product documentation or in the data sheet Product overheating can cause electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or death 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 2 Basic Safety Instructions Electrical safety If the information on electrical safety is not observed either at all to the extent necessary electric shock fire and or serious personal injury or death may occur 1 Prior to switching on the product always ensure that the nominal voltage setting on the product matches the nominal voltage of the AC supply network If a different voltage is to be set the power fuse of the product may have to be changed accordingly 2 In the case of products of safety class with movable power cord and con
36. 1 5 4 Trace List and Trace Settings The main properties of all traces assigned to the diagram area are displayed in the trace list in the upper left corner SPI op Mag A0 081 Ref 200d8 Chi Invisible S2ipPhase 45 RefO dB Mag 10 dB Ret de Che Math Mermo Trc cat 08 Mag 1008s Refi de Che Each line in the trace list describes a single trace The active trace is highlighted The lines are divided into several sections with the following contents from left to right e Trace name indicates the current trace name The default names for new traces are Irc lt n gt where lt n gt is a current number A Mem preceding the trace name indicates a memory trace Right click the section and call the Trace Manager from the context menu to change the trace name e Measured quantity indicates the measured quantity e g an S parameter or an impedance The measured quantity of the active trace is also displayed in the diagram area below the trace list e Format shows how the measured data is presented in the graphical display trace format e Scale shows the value of the vertical or radial diagram divisions Scale Div and the Reference Value e Channel shows the channel that each trace is assigned to The channel section is omitted if the all traces in the diagram area are assigned to the same channel e Type shows Invisible if a trace is hidden and Math if the trace is a mathematical trace GAT indicates that a time gate is active for the
37. 2 Da Transmission Medium Transmission measurements in Normalization tracking any direction and between any combination of ports Full One Port Open Short Reflection High Reflection measurements on Match tracking any port Source match Directivity One Path Two Open Short Reflection Medium to Unidirectional transmission Port Match at source tracking high measurements in any direction port Source match and between any combination of Through Directivity ports Transmission tracking Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 94 R amp S ZVL System Overview Calibration Overview Calibration Type Standards Parameters Error Terms General Application Accuracy TOSM Open Short Reflection High Reflection and transmission Match at each tracking measurements on DUTs with 2 port Source match ports Through Directivity between the 2 Load match ports Transmission tracking 1 Or any other 3 known one port standards To be used in a guided calibration the known standards must be declared to be open short and match irrespective of their properties 2 Or any other known two port standard See remark above e The calibration type must be selected in accordance with the test setup Select the calibration type for which you can obtain or design the most accurate standards and for which you can measure the required parameters with best accuracy 3 3 2 1 Normalization A normalization is the simplest cal
38. 2 2 No 950 Note If the battery is not to be used for a longer time it is recommended to remove it and store it separately Charging the Battery The battery can be charged via the AC or the DC power supply without being removed e To charge the battery using the AC power supply connect the instrument to the mains supply and switch on the AC power on the rear panel The power on off key on the front panel can be set either way e To charge the battery using the DC power supply connect the instrument to the DC power supply If you have more than one battery packs in use you can also charge them outside the instrument using the power supply unit of option R amp S FSL Z4 DC Supply for FSL B31 stock no 4052 3041 00 An LED with the inscription Charge is switched on during charging Charging conditions Approximate duration AC power supply standby mode AC power supply instrument is switched on DC power supply instrument is switched off DC power supply instrument is switched on External charging battery removed Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 27 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Maintenance 1 4 Maintenance The network analyzer does not require any special maintenance Make sure that the air vents are not obstructed The outside of the instrument is suitably cleaned using a soft line free dust cloth Instrument damage caused by cleaning agents Cleaning agents contain substances that may damage the ins
39. 3 6538 62 06 36 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Windows XP 1 8 Windows XP The analyzer is equipped with a Windows XP operating system which has been configured according to the instrument s features and needs Changes in the system configuration can be necessary in order to e Establish a LAN connection e Customize the properties of the external accessories connected to the analyzer e Call up additional software tools Operating system settings The operating system is adapted to the network analyzer To avoid impairment of instrument functions only change the settings described in this manual Existing software must be modified only with update software released by Rohde amp Schwarz Likewise only programs authorized by Rohde amp Schwarz for use on the instrument must be executed The Start menu of the operating system is accessed as described below All necessary settings can be accessed from the Start menu in particular from the Control Panel 1 8 1 Accessing Windows XP s Start Menu The Windows XP Start menu provides access to the Windows XP functionality and installed programs From the Start menu you can navigate to the submenus by using the mouse or the cursor keys of the keyboard The simplest way to access the Start menu is by pressing SETUP General Setup More Open Start Menu This will not close the measurement application If you find it more convenient you can also use an external keyboard to access
40. 7 OS a eege eet 68 Fe EON Te AIS SSB static lso E titi 69 SIE UA PR o A 70 Display Elements in the Diagram Area 70 Eegen 71 IR ele 71 LEA AF a 72 Trace List and Trace Settings siria ii 73 O A a 74 MEL a AA a 75 tra A 76 CONEXE MOMUS ios 77 Bee E 17 Immediate vs Confirmed Settings nnnnnoennneennenanneenennnsrnnnrnrrrrsrrnrrnnrrresrnrnsrrrrrsnrenne 78 On Screen KEV DOIG EE 78 Paste NY ICS E cintas ironia 19 NUmene ENI A estaca ironia 79 Display Formats and Diagram Tvpes 80 Cartesian Diagrams tata las 80 Conversion of Complex into Real Quantities n00nnannnaaannannnennnnennnnnnnnnnnnnnernnnnne 81 Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 05 99 RES ZVL Table of Contents EEN Saldo Polar Belgie E 82 A A ne ee mee eee 83 Saket Inverted SMIN Catorce 85 3 1 7 6 Measured Quantities and Display Format ooccccconnccconconoccnnccncnononcnconcnnonnnnonnanononannns 87 3 2 Measured Quantities coincida le 89 SL AIM OS iaa 89 3 2 2 Impedance Parameters oocccoccccccncccnncconcconnnonnnonnnncnonnonnnnnnnonnnnnonnnnnnnnnnnrnnannnninenanenano 90 3 2 3 Admittance Parameters cccccsssseccssssseresesereecneserccseauseesaaseccsensserenanerseanaeetecneanteass 91 3 3 CallbratiOn e UNE 93 3 3 1 Calibration Standards and Calibration kt 94 92 Galbraton JEE 94 Ses l NOMAA scouts anno iii 95 3 3 2 2 FUll en eu ee 95 3 3 2 3 One Path Two Port Calbraton rtnn nnn 96 3324 VO SIC AM te ns ra oa pie 96 3 3 3 Auto
41. Areflection parameter Z completely describes a one port DUT For n port DUTs n gt 1 the reflection parameters Z describe the input impedances at ports i i 1 to n under the condition that each of the other ports is terminated with its reference impedance matched circuit parameters Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 90 R amp S ZVL System Overview Measured Quantities e Atwo port transmission parameter Z i j can describe a pure serial impedance between the two ports Relation with S parameters The converted impedances Z are calculated from the reflection S parameters Si according to il a ee ii 18 The transmission parameters are calculated according to 2 7 470 ie EN Ss y The converted admittances are defined as the inverse of the impedances Example Zu is the input impedance of a 2 port DUT that is terminated at its output with the reference impedance Zo matched circuit impedance measured in a forward reflection measurement Tip You can also read the converted impedances in a reflection coefficient measurement from the Smith chart 3 2 3 Admittance Parameters An admittance is the complex ratio between a current and a voltage The analyzer provides converted admittances each admittance parameter is obtained from a single S parameter The converted admittance parameters describe the input admittances of a DUT with fully matched outputs The converted admittances are the inverse of th
42. C power supply 1 3 7 Connecting the Instrument to the AC Supply The network analyzer is automatically adapted to the AC supply voltage supplied The supply voltage must be in the range 100 V to 240 V 50 Hz to 60 Hz see also the General Data section in the Specifications The mains connector is located at the bottom left corner of the rear panel gt Connect the network analyzer to the AC power source using the AC power cable delivered with the instrument Since the instrument is assembled in line with the specifications for safety class EN61010 it may only be connected to an outlet that has a ground contact The power consumption of the analyzer depends on the installed options see Specifications 1 3 8 Power on and off The mains connector is located at the bottom left corner of the rear panel E 3 Ben E DS q D o Li 0 Oo OL em LL E gt To turn the power on or off press the AC power switch to position On or O Off After power on the analyzer is booted and reaches its ready state The AC power switch can be permanently on Switching off is required only if the instrument must be completely removed from the AC power supply 1 3 9 Instrument States with AC Power Supply The power on off key is located in the bottom left corner of the front panel Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 24 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Putting the Instrument into Operation If the R amp S ZVL is AC
43. GHz 3 1 5 1 Title Across the top of the diagram area an optional title describes the contents of the area Different areas within a setup are distinguished by area numbers in the upper right corner Measurement of 5 Parameters d Use the context menu or the functions in the Display menu to display hide or change the title and to add and customize diagram areas 3 1 5 2 Traces A trace is a set of data points displayed together in the diagram area The individual data points are connected so that each trace forms a continuous line The trace can be complemented by the following display elements plotted with the same color Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 71 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts e Reference value for all traces The Reference Value is indicated with a triangle llat the right edge of the diagram and a dashed horizontal line The value and position of the triangle can be changed in order to modify the diagram scale and shift the trace vertically e Measured quantity for the active trace The measured quantity is indicated in the left upper corner of the diagram A trace can be either a data trace a memory trace or a mathematical trace see Trace Types below Context menu of the diagram area A right mouse click on any point of the diagram area except the marker info field and the measured quantity info opens a context menu Maximize Overlay All Split All Add Trace Add Diag re
44. L Getting Started Basic Tasks Trace Trace gt BE Marker Search i Marker oF Max Search Meas Next Peak SE Start Marker Scale i Fre Stop Marker Center Marker Ref value Marker Max Marker Min Marker Zero Delay at Marker To set the sweep range use one of the following methods e Define Start and Stop values 1 Create two normal markers e g the markers Mkr 7 and Mkr 2 and place them to the desired start and stop values of the sweep range 2 Activate Mkr 1 and click Trace Marker gt Start Marker 3 Activate Mkr 2 and click Trace Marker gt Stop Marker e Use a definite Span 1 Create a marker and set it to delta mode 2 The analyzer automatically creates a reference marker in addition to the delta marker 3 Place the reference marker to the desired start value of the sweep range 4 Setthe value of the delta marker equal to the desired positive or negative span 5 Activate the delta marker and click Trace Marker gt Span Marker To move the trace relative to the vertical axis proceed as follows 1 Create a normal marker e g the marker Mkr 1 and place it to a particular trace point E g you can use the marker Search functions to locate a maximum or minimum on the trace 2 Click Trace Marker gt Max Marker to move the trace towards the upper diagram edge leaving the values of the vertical divisions Scale Div and the
45. R amp S ZVL Vector Network Analyzer Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 07 Test and Measurement Quick Start Guide The Quick Start Guide describes all R amp S ZVL models RES ZVL3 frequency range up to 3 GHz R amp S ZVL6 frequency range up to 6 GHz R amp S ZVL3 75 frequency range up to 3 GHz R amp S ZVL13 frequency range up to 15 GHz stock no 1303 6509K03 stock no 1303 6509K06 stock no 1303 6509K75 stock no 1303 6509K13 The firmware of the instrument makes use of several valuable open source software packages the most important of them are listed below together with their corresponding open source license The verbatimlicense texts are provided on the user documentation CD ROM included in delivery Package Link License Net SNMP http www net snmp org NetSnmp 5 0 8 Xitami http www xitami com 2 5b6 PHP http www php net PHP Version 3 DOJO AJAX http www dojotoolkit org Academic Free License OpenSSL http www openssl org OpenSSL ResizableLib http www geocities com ppescher Artistic License BOOST Library http www boost org Boost Software v 1 zlib http www zlib net zlib v 1 2 3 Xalan http xalan apache org Apache Ver 2 Xerces http xerces apache org ACE http www cs wustl edu schmidt ACE html ACE TAO TAO The ACE ORB http www cs wustl edu schmidt TAO html ACE TAO PC SC Lite http www linuxnet com PCSCLite ONC RPC http www plt rwth SUN aachen de index php
46. RL TNA Calibration kit Set of physical calibration standards for a particular connector family Calibration standard Physical device that has a known or predictable magnitude and phase response within a given frequency range Calibration standards are grouped into several types open through match corresponding to the different input quantities for the analyzer s error models Calibration unit Integrated solution for automatic calibration of 1 to 4 ports accessory ZV Z41 The unit contains calibration standards that are electronically switched when a calibration is performed Channel A channel contains hardware related settings to specify how the network analyzer collects data Each channel is stored in an independent data set The channel settings complement the definitions of the Trace menu they apply to all traces assigned to the channel Confirmation dialog box Standard dialog box that pops up to display an error message or a warning The current action can be either continued OK or cancelled Cancel on closing the dialog box Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 05 4 R amp S ZVL Glossary of Terms Crosstalk The occurrence of a signal at the receive port of the analyzer which did not travel through the test setup and the DUT but leaks through other internal paths Crosstalk causes an isolation error in the measurement which can be corrected by means of a calibration Data trace Trace filled with measurement data and
47. Smith lose their original meaning standing wave ratio normalized impedance or admittance if they are used for transmission S parameters e The complex Impedances and Admittances are generally displayed in one of the Cartesian diagrams with linear vertical axis scale or in a polar diagram e The real Stability Factors are generally displayed in a linear Cartesian diagram Lin Mag or Real In complex formats real numbers represent complex numbers with zero imaginary part The following table gives an overview of recommended display formats Complex dimensionless quantities Complex quantities with Real quantities S parameters dimensions Stability Factors impedances admittances Lin Mag WM M default for impedances M default admittances dB Mag WM default I Si Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 87 Basic Concepts Complex dimensionless quantities Complex quantities with Real quantities S parameters dimensions Stability Factors impedances admittances Inverted Smith Lal reflection coefficients Si Iw reflection coefficients Si Group Delay a transmission coefficients S The default formats are activated automatically when the measured quantity is changed R amp S ZVL System Overview Measured Quantities 3 2 Measured Quantities This section gives an overview of the measurement results of the network analyzer and the meaning of the different measured quantities All quantities can be selected i
48. a Trace Delete Diag rea Title Color Scheme The settings correspond to the most common commands in the Nwa Setup Display and Nwa Setup Display Config menus 3 1 5 3 Trace Types The analyzer uses traces to display the current measurement result in a diagram area but is also capable of storing traces to the memory recalling stored traces and defining mathematical relations between different traces There are three basic trace types e Data traces show the current measurement data and are continuously updated as the measurement goes on Data traces are dynamic traces e Memory traces are generated by storing the data trace to the memory It represents the state of the data trace at the moment when it was stored Memory traces are static traces which can be stored to a file and recalled e Mathematical traces are calculated according to a mathematical relation between constants and the data or memory traces of the active setup A mathematical trace that is based on the active data trace is dynamic It is possible to generate an unlimited number of memory traces from a data trace and display them together see Data gt Mem Markers and marker functions are available for all trace types The trace type of each trace in a diagram area is indicated in the trace list You can also make each trace nvisible without deleting it Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 72 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts 3
49. abled by means of a license key to be entered in the SETUP menu after an appropriate firmware version has been installed The new supported options for each firmware version are listed in the What s New section of the network analyzer help system The R amp S ZVL options can be grouped as follows e Measurement modes The option enables a special operating mode Only one measurement mode can be active at a given time The basic instrument modes are Network Analyzer NWA no option required and Spectrum Analyzer SAN with option R amp S ZVL K1 The SAN mode provides a number of supplementary measurement modes e g WIMAX OFDM OFDMA Analysis mode with option R amp S FSL K93 The supplementary SAN modes also require option R amp S ZVL K1 e Additional measurements The option extends a particular measurement mode providing additional measurement functionality The analyzer provides additional measurements for the NWA and the SAN modes The relationship between the R amp S ZVL options and measurement modes is shown below A T T gt h E E E ee EE l 7 Other and future operating modes Other or future NWA options Kee Other or future GAN options L l l L hom mun mul Accessing measurement modes remote control All measurement modes are accessed by means of the MODE front panel key When a new mode is selected the appearance of the user interface and the control elemen
50. abled while the cursor is placed on a data input field in a dialog or in the Help navigation pane a The keys 0 to 9 enter the corresponding numbers In addition these del keys can be used to insert characters in character input fields see section Data Entry in chapter 2 The function of the and keys depends on the data type of the active A input field e In numeric input fields the keys enter the decimal point and change the sign of the entered numeric value Multiple decimal points are not allowed pressing for a second time cancels the effect of the first entry e In character input fields the keys enter a dot and a hyphen respectively Both entries can be repeated as often as desired The function of the four unit keys depends on the data type of the active input field see Data Entry section in Chapter 3 e In numeric input fields e g in the numeric entry bar the GHz dBm MHz dBm kHz dB or Hz dB keys multiply the entered value with factors of 10 10 100 or 1 and add the appropriate physical unit Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 15 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Front Panel Tour e In character input fields the keys are inactive ENTER is used to e Activate the selected active control element e g a button in a dialog or a link in the Help e Confirm selections and entries made and close dialogs ENTER is equivalent to pressing the rotary knob ESC The
51. ace point Point on the screen which is an element of the displayed trace The trace points for ratios and wave quantities can be derived from the entire set of measurement points using different detector settings Transmission tracking error Frequency dependent variation of the ratio of the transmitted wave to the reference wave at a test port when an ideal transmission coefficient 1 is measured The transmission tracking error can be corrected by means of a transmission normalization or one of the more sophisticated calibration methods Window Rectangular portion of the screen showing all diagram areas of a particular setup Windows are limited by a blue frame with several icons The analyzer uses standard windows provided by the operating system Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 05 7 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ EC Certificate of Conformity Certificate No 2007 12 This is to certify that Equipment type Stock No Designation ZVL3 1303 6509 03 Vector Network Analyzer 9 kHz 3 GHz ZVL3 75 1303 6509 75 Vector Network Analyzer 9 kHz 3 GHz ZVL6 1303 6509 06 Vector Network Analyzer 9 kHz 6 GHz ZVL13 1303 6509 13 Vector Network Analyzer 9 kHz 13 6 GHz complies with the provisions of the Directive of the Council of the European Union on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electrical equipment for use within defined voltage limits 2006 95 EC relating to electromagnetic compatibility 2004 108 EC
52. and select Start Stop Center Span from the context menu e Select Start Stop Center Span from the Channel Center or Channel Span menus e Use the marker functions MARKER gt function key Reference Value and Position The analyzer provides three parameters for changing the scale of the vertical response axis e Changing the Ref Value or Ref Position shifts the trace in vertical direction and adjusts the labels of the vertical axis Ref Value also works for radial diagrams e Changing the Scale Div modifies the value of the vertical or radial diagram divisions and thus the entire range of response values displayed e The Scale Div and the Ref Value is indicated in the scale section of the trace list Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 54 R amp S ZVL Getting Started AAA AAA IA Basic Tasks SEA OH Mag AU dB Ref 200d8 Eh Invisible ozlprhase 45 dB Mag 10 dB bert de Che Math Merns Trc Ea 08 Mag 1008 Refi dB Che To change one of the parameters use one of the following methods Press the SCALE function key on the front panel Right click the scale section in the trace list and select the parameters from the context menu Select the parameters from the Trace Scale menu Use the marker functions MARKER gt function key Autoscale The Autoscale function adjusts the scale divisions and the reference value so that the entire trace fits into the diagram area To access Autoscale use one
53. and their labels are strictly equivalent to the corresponding menu commands e Three dots indicate that the softkey calls up a dialog providing several related settings e Adown arrow indicates a submenu with further related settings Meas ee Bandwidth e A softkey with no arrow or dots directly initiates an action Navigation softkey optional B a softkey no 7 is reserved for navigation 173 More 1 2 More 2 2 etc toggle between groups of softkeys which belong to the same menu The softkeys are provided whenever the active menu contains more than 6 commands a The lowest front panel key to the right of the display activates the higher level menu This works in all menus except the top level one listing the main menus in the menu bar The softkey bar is automatically updated when the active menu is changed Hiding display elements You can hide the softkey bar and gain screen space for the diagram areas if you use a mouse to control the analyzer see Setup Display Config All settings are accessible from the menus listed in the menu bar across the top of the screen Moreover you don t have to display the softkey bar permanently in order to make use of its functionality Hitting any of the keys associated to the softkey bar will make it visible for a period of time sufficient to select the next instrument function 3 1 4 4 Front Panel Key Bar The front panel key bar hardkey bar Setup Display Config display
54. application If the last analyzer session was terminated regularly the NWA application uses the last setup with all instrument settings To shut down the analyzer proceed as follows e With AC power supply press the power on off key to save the current setup close the NWA application shut down Windows XP and set the instrument to standby or off state depending on the SETUP gt More gt Shutdown Off Standby settings Refer to section Instrument States with AC Power Supply From the standby state you can set the AC power switch to position O Off to turn the analyzer completely off e With DC power supply or battery press the power on off key to switch the analyzer off Power on off key OCXO Do not press the power on off key longer than 3 seconds The AC power switch also interrupts the power supply of the OCXO option OCXO Reference Frequency R amp S FSL B4 When you switch the instrument back on be sure to comply with the extended warm up phase specified in the data sheet Saving instrument settings When using the AC power supply it is strongly recommended to press the power on off key on the front panel before disconnecting the power If you set the power switch on the rear panel to O while the NWA application is still running you will lose the current settings Moreover loss of program data can not be excluded if the application is terminated improperly With DC power supply or battery it is safe to switch off t
55. board 7 Close the dialog and press Print Screen again to copy the diagram to a file or an external application Niva File 8 Open the Nwa File menu and select Save NWA As 9 Inthe Save As dialog opened select a file location format and name and activate Save The active setup is stored to a file and can be reused in a later session Proceed as described in section Starting the Analyzer Shutdown to shut down your analyzer 2 2 Transmission Measurements A transmission measurement involves the same steps as a reflection measurement Note the following differences e The test setup for transmission measurements involves two DUT and analyzer ports You can connect the input of your DUT to port 1 of the analyzer the output to port 2 After a preset the analyzer will measure the forward transmission S parameter Gan e The analyzer provides special calibration types for transmission measurements Use the calibration wizard and select an appropriate type A TOSM calibration will correct the system errors for all transmission and reflection S parameters Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 49 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Basic Tasks 2 3 Basic Tasks The following sections describe how to solve basic tasks that you will frequently encounter when working with the instrument In particular you can learn how to access instrument functions and control dialogs without a mouse and keyboard 2 3 1 Control via Front Panel Keys Al
56. cellulose lacquers Operation 1 Operating the products requires special training and intense concentration Make sure that persons who use the products are physically mentally and emotionally fit enough to do so otherwise injuries or material damage may occur lt is the responsibility of the employer operator to select suitable personnel for operating the products Before you move or transport the product read and observe the section titled Transport As with all industrially manufactured goods the use of substances that induce an allergic reaction allergens such as nickel cannot be generally excluded If you develop an allergic reaction such as a skin rash frequent sneezing red eyes or respiratory difficulties when using a Rohde amp Schwarz product consult a physician immediately to determine the cause and to prevent health problems or stress Before you start processing the product mechanically and or thermally or before you take it apart be sure to read and pay special attention to the section titled Waste disposal item 1 Depending on the function certain products such as RF radio equipment can produce an elevated level of electromagnetic radiation Considering that unborn babies require increased protection pregnant women must be protected by appropriate measures Persons with pacemakers may also be exposed to risks from electromagnetic radiation The employer operator must evaluate workplaces where there is a spec
57. current stimulus and response marker values of the active trace Any of the marker values can be selected as a numeric entry If the physical unit of the selected marker value is inconsistent mismatch of stimulus and response values then the numeric value is used without the unit 500 000004 MHz Paste Ref 500 00000 MHz Paste Mkr 1 500 00001 MHz Paste Mkr 2 500 00000 MHz Paste Mkr 3 500 00000 MHz Paste Ref 999 00 de Paste Mkr 1 999 00 de Paste Mkr 2 999 00 dB Paste Mkr 3 999 00 de The response values in the paste marker list are not updated as the analyzer continues measuring so they may differ from the values in the marker info field To open the paste marker list you can also click on the input field and use the space bar of your keyboard or the checkmark key in the navigation area at the front panel of the analyzer Numeric Entry Bar Single numeric values can be entered using the input field of the numeric entry bar The numeric entry bar appears just below the menu bar as soon as a function implying a single numeric entry is activated In contrast to dialogs it does not hide any of the display elements in the diagram area Center Frequency 500 000006 MHz kl The numeric entry bar contains t e name of the calling function a numeric input field including the Cursor Up Down le buttons for data variation and a Close button Besides it is closed automatically as soon as an active display element in the diag
58. de la red el ctrica Si los productos sin interruptor est n integrados en bastidores o instalaciones se deber colocar el interruptor en el nivel de la instalaci n No utilice nunca el producto si est da ado el cable de conexi n a red Compruebe regularmente el correcto estado de los cables de conexi n a red Aseg rese mediante las medidas de protecci n y de instalaci n adecuadas de que el cable de conexi n a red no pueda ser da ado o de que nadie pueda ser da ado por l p ej al tropezar o por un choque el ctrico Solamente est permitido el funcionamiento en redes de alimentaci n TN TT aseguradas con fusibles de 16 A como m ximo utilizaci n de fusibles de mayor amperaje solo previa consulta con el grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz Nunca conecte el enchufe en tomas de corriente sucias o llenas de polvo Introduzca el enchufe por completo y fuertemente en la toma de corriente La no observaci n de estas medidas puede provocar chispas fuego y o lesiones No sobrecargue las tomas de corriente los cables alargadores o las regletas de enchufe ya que esto podr a causar fuego o choques el ctricos En las mediciones en circuitos de corriente con una tensi n Ue gt 30 V se deber n tomar las medidas apropiadas para impedir cualquier peligro p ej medios de medici n adecuados seguros limitaci n de tensi n corte protector aislamiento etc Para la conexi n con dispositivos inform ticos como un PC o un or
59. denador industrial debe comprobarse que stos cumplan los est ndares IEC60950 1 EN60950 1 o IEC61010 1 EN 61010 1 v lidos en cada caso A menos que est permitido expresamente no retire nunca la tapa ni componentes de la carcasa mientras el producto est en servicio Esto pone a descubierto los cables y componentes el ctricos y puede causar lesiones fuego o da os en el producto 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 9 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Si un producto se instala en un lugar fijo se debera primero conectar el conductor de proteccion fijo con el conductor de proteccion del producto antes de hacer cualquier otra conexion La instalacion y la conexion deberan ser efectuadas por un electricista especializado En el caso de dispositivos fijos que no est n provistos de fusibles interruptor autom tico ni otros mecanismos de seguridad similares el circuito de alimentaci n debe estar protegido de modo que todas las personas que puedan acceder al producto as como el producto mismo est n a salvo de posibles da os Todo producto debe estar protegido contra sobretensi n debida p ej a una ca da del rayo mediante los correspondientes sistemas de protecci n Si no el personal que lo utilice quedar expuesto al peligro de choque el ctrico No debe introducirse en los orificios de la caja del aparato ning n objeto que no est destinado a ello Esto puede producir cortocircui
60. directivity error is determined at both source ports e The transmission tracking is determined for each direction The number of required standard measurements and of error terms for 2 port measurements is shown in the following table Number of ports Number of standards to Number of standard Number of error be connected measurements terms 2 2 3 2 3 aa 1 7 2 1 8 2 2 10 An open through and match measurement is required at each port in addition a through must be measured between the two ports and in both directions The analyzer automatically performs each through measurement in both directions so the number of connected standards is smaller than the number of measurements Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 96 R amp S ZVL System Overview Calibration Overview 3 3 3 Automatic Calibration Introduction A Calibration Unit is an integrated solution for automatic system error correction of vector network analyzers For R amp S ZVL3 75 analyzers 75 Q variant of R amp S ZVL3 Rohde amp Schwarz offers the calibration unit R amp S ZV Z53 stock number 1164 0473 75 This calibration unit supports a frequency range between 300 kHz and 3 GHz With its two N 75 Q f connectors it is suited for one port and two port calibration The unit contains calibration standards that are electronically switched when a calibration is performed The calibration kit data for the internal standards are also stored in the calibration unit so t
61. e 1303 6538 62 06 35 R amp S ZVL Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties ou can get IF settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Othenvise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IF address IP address Subnet mask Default gateway A EE lt IK os ars adas sokeresh sll Ootan UNS server address automatically Use the following ONS server addresses Prefered DNS server 152 168 133 4 Alternate DHS server Ca ese For more information refer to the Windows XP Help 1 7 2 Remote Desktop Connection Preparing for Use Remote Control in a LAN Remote Desktop is a Windows application which can be used to access and control the analyzer from a remote computer through a LAN connection While the measurement is running the analyzer screen contents are displayed on the remote computer and Remote Desktop provides access to all of the applications files and network resources of the analyzer To set up a Remote Desktop connection 1 Connect the analyzer to a LAN and determine its IP address see Remote Control ina LAN 2 Setup your remote computer integrated in the LAN to use Remote Desktop and create the Remote Desktop connection to the analyzer For detailed information about Remote Desktop and the connection refer to the Windows XP Help Quick Start Guide 130
62. e converted impedances The analyzer converts a single measured S parameter to determine the corresponding converted admittance As a result converted Y parameters cannot completely describe general n port DUTs e Areflection parameter Y completely describes a one port DUT For n port DUTs n gt 1 the reflection parameters Y describe the input admittances at ports i i 1 to n under the condition that each of the other ports is terminated with its reference impedance matched circuit parameters e Atwo port transmission parameter Yj i 4 j can describe a pure serial impedance between the two ports Relation with S parameters The converted admittances Y are calculated from the reflection S parameters S according to Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 91 Measured Quantities 1 S e SEH Lo LFS where i numbers the analyzer DUT port The transmission parameters are calculated according to yA 1 Z LZ Js J wu 99 DRA ZO Zo Sy Zo t Zo Example Y11 is the input admittance of a 2 port DUT that is terminated at its output with the reference impedance Zo matched circuit admittance measured in a forward reflection measurement You can also read the converted admittances in a reflection coefficient measurement from the inverted Smith chart R amp S ZVL System Overview Calibration Overview 3 3 Calibration Overview Calibration is the process of eliminating systematic reproducible errors from
63. e to the controls and connectors PET Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 21 R amp S ZVL 1 3 2 1 3 3 Preparing for Use Putting the Instrument into Operation Instrument Setup The network analyzer is designed for use under laboratory conditions either on a bench top or in a rack The general ambient conditions required at the operating site are as follows e The ambient temperature must be in the ranges specified for operation and for compliance with specifications see data sheet e All fan openings including the rear panel perforations must be unobstructed The distance to the wall should be at least 10 cm Electrostatic discharge To avoid damage of electronic components of the DUT and the analyzer the operating site must be protected against electrostatic discharge ESD ESD is most likely to occur when you connect or disconnect a DUT or test fixture to the analyzer s test ports To prevent ESD damage use a wrist strap and grounding cord and connect yourself to ground Bench Top Operation If the analyzer is operated on a bench top the surface should be flat In order to move the handle into the desired position pull at both side knobs and turn the handle Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 22 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Putting the Instrument into Operation Danger of injury To avoid injuries place the instrument on a stable surface and do not stack other instruments or material on top o
64. ection coefficient plane Refer to section Display Formats and Diagram Types in Chapter 3 to learn more about the diagram properties FORMAT 2 1 5 Saving and Printing Data The analyzer provides standard functions for saving measurement settings and for printing the results You can use these functions as if you were working on a standard PC Moreover you can export your trace data to an ASCII file and reuse it in a later session or in an external application Data transfer is made easier if external accessories are connected to the analyzer or if the instrument is integrated into a LAN Refer to sections External Accessories and Remote Control in a LAN in Chapter 1 to obtain information about the necessary steps Press TRACE and activate More 1 3 Import Export Data Export Data 2 Inthe Export Complex Data dialog opened select a file location format and name and activate Save TRACE 1 The active trace data is written to an ASCII file Refer to section Trace File Formats to learn more about trace files and their use 3 Press the PRINT key to the left of the display then press Device i Setup 4 Inthe Hardcopy Setup dialog opened select Printer Close the dialog and press Print Screen to create a hardcopy of your diagram Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 48 R amp S ZVL Getting Started AAA AAA AAA AAA Transmission Measurements 6 Press Device Setup again and select a file format or Clip
65. ed to e Scroll up and down in lists e g in pull down lists among menu items in a list of keywords in the Help table of contents or in the Help topic text e Increase and decrease numeric input values Cursor Up Down become inactive or switches to the previous next dialog element as soon as the beginning of the list is reached Cursor Up Down is equivalent to a rotation of the rotary knob to the right left The Cursor Left and Cursor Right keys are used to e Move the cursor to the left or right within input fields e Compress or expand menus or the Help table of contents e Access the previous next menu in the menu bar The Checkmark Space key can be used to Y OF Insert a space character into character entry fields e Switch a checkmark control in a dialog on or off e Activate the selected active control element e g a button in a Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 14 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use en ae A Front Panel Tour dialog or a link in the Help system e Scroll down in Help topic The Next Tab key opens the next tab of a dialog e g in the Help navigation pane or in some of the spectrum analyzer dialogs 1 1 5 Data Entry Keys The data entry keys are used to enter numbers and units A pa dEm dE m Ei pi ya LA dB cance Wy ENTER II Key activation D les Mi A NA pori Ti Ve yr Das 8 EE CEC q wa e l _ qa sJ a The data entry keys are only en
66. ehind the trace list if the system error correction no longer applies to one or more traces see Calibration Overview 3 1 5 5 Markers Markers are tools for selecting points on the trace and for numerical readout of measured data The analyzer provides three different basic marker types e A normal marker Mkr 1 Mkr 2 determines the coordinates of a measurement point on the trace Up to 10 different normal markers can be assigned to a trace A reference marker Ref defines the reference value for all delta markers A delta marker 4 indicates the coordinates relative to the reference marker The stimulus value of a discrete marker always coincides with a sweep point so that the marker does not show interpolated measurement values The markers 1 to 4 are also used for bandfilter search mode The examples below show a bandpass search and a bandstop search respectively Mikr 1 Ba Pra Mkr 7 indicates the maximum minimum of the peak Mkr 2 and Mkr 3 indicate the lower and upper band edge where the trace value has decreased increased by a definite Level value e Mkr 4 indicates the center of the peak calculated as the arithmetic mean value of the LBE and UBE positions AAA AAA Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 74 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts 3 1 5 6 Marker Info Field The coordinates of all markers defined in a diagram area are displayed in the info field which by default is located in the u
67. er use the product in a moving vehicle if doing so could distract the driver of the vehicle Adequately secure the product in the vehicle to prevent injuries or other damage in the event of an accident Waste disposal 1 If products or their components are mechanically and or thermally processed in a manner that goes beyond their intended use hazardous substances heavy metal dust such as lead beryllium nickel may be released For this reason the product may only be disassembled by specially trained personnel Improper disassembly may be hazardous to your health National waste disposal regulations must be observed 2 If handling the product releases hazardous substances or fuels that must be disposed of in a special way e g coolants or engine oils that must be replenished regularly the safety instructions of the manufacturer of the hazardous substances or fuels and the applicable regional waste disposal regulations must be observed Also observe the relevant safety instructions in the product documentation The improper disposal of hazardous substances or fuels can cause health problems and lead to environmental damage Informaciones elementales de seguridad Es imprescindible leer y observar las siguientes instrucciones e informaciones de seguridad El principio del grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz consiste en tener nuestros productos siempre al d a con los est ndares de seguridad y de ofrecer a nuestros clientes el m ximo grado
68. esponse as two alternative transformation types A wide selection of windows can be used to optimize the time domain response and suppress sidelobes due to the finite sweep range Moreover it is possible to eliminate unwanted responses by means of a time gate and transform the gated result back into the frequency domain 3 4 3 Spectrum Analysis R amp S ZVL K1 The spectrum analysis option provides the basic functionality for measuring an arbitrary RF signal in the frequency domain Evaluation tools such as markers and limit lines allow a refined analysis of the measurement results A wide range of predefined power measurements cover typical RF measurement tasks in particular Zero span power measurements Channel and adjacent channel power measurement Measurement of occupied bandwidth CCDF measurement amplitude statistics of signals Option R amp S ZVL K1 is a prerequisite for all supplementary spectrum analyzer SAN options see table and figure above Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 100 R amp S ZVL System Overview Optional R amp S ZVL Extensions 3 4 4 TV Trigger R amp S FSL B6 Option R amp S FSL B6 adds a TV trigger to option ZVL K1 in order to select different sections of a TV video signal for display and facilitate the analysis This option is especially suited for all doing any service in the analog TV field 3 4 5 Gated Sweep R amp S FSL B8 The gated sweep mode removes switching transients from the spectrum This
69. f it 1 3 4 Mounting in a 19 Rack Using the adapter R amp S ZZA S334 order no 1109 4487 00 the instrument can be mounted in 19 racks according to the mounting instructions supplied with the rack adapter e Allow for sufficient air supply in the rack e Make sure that there is sufficient space between the ventilation holes and the rack casing 1 3 5 EMI Protective Measures In order to avoid electromagnetic interference the instrument may only be operated when it is closed and with all shielding covers fitted Only appropriate shielded signal and control cables may be used 1 3 6 Power Supply Options The R amp S ZVL is equipped with an AC power supply connector In order to use the analyzer independently from an AC power supply it can be fitted with a DC power supply connector option DC Power Supply R amp S FSL B30 and or a battery pack option NIMH Battery Pack R amp S FSL B31 Refer toDC Power Supply and Battery for further information From the available power supplies the R amp S ZVL selects the one to use according to the following priority scheme Power Supply AC power supply DC power supply Battery Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 23 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use EH Putting the Instrument into Operation For example if the R amp S ZVL is connected to both an AC and a DC power supply it uses the AC power supply If it is suddenly disconnected from the AC power supply it switches to the D
70. f the operation programming or applications of Rohde amp Schwarz equipment Up to date information and upgrades To keep your instrument up to date and to be informed about new application notes related to your instrument please send an e mail to the Customer Support Center stating your instrument and your wish We will take care that you will get the right information Europe Africa Middle East Phone 49 89 4129 12345 customersupport rohde schwarz com North America Phone 1 888 TEST RSA 1 888 837 8772 customer support rsa rohde schwarz com Latin America Phone 1 410 910 7988 customersupport la rohde schwarz com Asia Pacific Phone 6565 13 04 88 customersupport asia rohde schwarz com ROHDE amp SCHWARZ 1171 0200 22 05 00 RES ZVL Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Ge EH dee TO USO escindida 11 LU deu A TTC NET 11 FET SU ai iia 12 ASES te EEN 12 iS FUNCION SS siniestra buda 13 114 Navigation EEN 14 AS Data nr 15 E lolis a TC EE 16 LiT eh OMON oasis 16 IES SSE ONS urinario dolia nicol abanicos 17 Vee USB ale ee EE 17 ERTI e ET TEE 18 L2 ANO sri EEE neo e 19 1 3 Putting the Instrument into OperatiON ccoonccconnnicnnncccnccccnccnnonanronenanronnnnrrnnnrernanrenans 21 1 3 1 Unpacking the Instrument and Checking the Shipment oocccccncccnncccccnncccnncnnonnnncnnnnos 21 To 22 3 9 Bench TOP Operati BEE 22 134 Mounting INS WC ege 23 1 3 5 EMI Protective MeasSures ocoonocniconconecononineno
71. fications conformance testing Load match error Measurement error caused by a mismatch of the analyzer s receive load port causing part of the signal transmitted through the DUT to be reflected off the receive port so that it is not measured there The load match error can be corrected by means of a two port calibration except normalization Marker Tool for selecting points on the trace and for numerical readout of measured data A marker is displayed with a symbol a triangle a crossbar or a line on the trace its coordinates are shown in the marker info field Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 05 5 R amp S ZVL Glossary of Terms Mathematical trace Trace that is calculated according to a mathematical expression e g the one defined in the Define Math dialog The expression is a mathematical relation between constants and the data or memory traces of the active setup Measurement point Result of the measurement at a specified stimulus value frequency power time Measurement result Set of all measurement points acquired in a measurement e g a sweep The measurement result is displayed in a diagram area and forms a trace Memory trace Trace that is associated to a data trace and stored in the memory Data traces and the associated memory traces share the same channel and scale settings Alternatively memory traces can be imported from a file Partial measurement Measurement at a specified stimulus value maintaining de
72. ficient T e g S414 S22 then the unit Smith chart can be used to read the normalized impedance of the DUT The coordinates in the normalized impedance plane and in the reflection coefficient plane are related as follows see also definition of matched circuit converted impedances ZIZo 1 T 1 T From this equation it is easy to relate the real and imaginary components of the complex resistance to the real and imaginary parts of T 1 Ref Imt ee i 2m 11 Re P jot R Re Z Z H Raf hutt in order to deduce the following properties of the graphical representation in a Smith chart Real reflection coefficients are mapped to real impedances resistances The center of the T plane T 0 is mapped to the reference impedance Zo whereas the circle with I 1 is mapped to the imaginary axis of the Z plane e The circles for the points of equal resistance are centered on the real axis and intersect at Z infinity The arcs for the points of equal reactance also belong to circles intersecting at Z infinity open circuit point 1 0 centered on a straight vertical line AAA Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 84 R amp S ZVL 3 1 7 5 System Overview Basic Concepts Circles of equal resistance Short circuited load Z 0 n Open circuited load Z infinity Arcs of equal reactance Matching impedance Z Z Examples for special points in the Smith chart e The
73. finite hardware settings Depending on the measurement type several partial measurements may be needed to obtain a measurement point A full n port S parameter measurement requires n partial measurements with n different drive ports Peak Local maximum or local minimum dip on the trace In the Trace Search menu it is possible to define a minimum excursion that both types of peaks must have to be considered valid Reflection tracking error Frequency dependent variation of the ratio of the reflected wave to the reference wave at a test port when an ideal reflection coefficient 1 is measured The reflection tracking error can be corrected by means of a reflection normalization or one of the more sophisticated calibration methods Reverse A measurement on a two port DUT is said to be in reverse direction if the source signal stimulus is applied to port 2 of the DUT Setup A setup comprises a set of diagram areas with all displayed information that can be stored to a NWA setup file zvx Each setup is displayed in an independent window Source match error Measurement error caused by a mismatch of the analyzer s source port causing part of the signal reflected off the DUT to be reflected again off the source port so that it is not measured there The source match error can be corrected by means of a full one port calibration or a two port calibration except normalization Stimulus value Value of the sweep variable frequency p
74. g on the Preset Scope selected in the System Configuration menu e FILE provides standard Windows functions to create save and recall spectrum analyzer settings and results For detailed information refer to the spectrum analyzer help system HELP Alternatively use the functions in the Nwa File menu of the network analyzer mode e SETUP provides basic instrument configurations For detailed information refer to the spectrum analyzer help system HELP Alternatively use the functions in the Nwa Setup menu of the network analyzer mode in particular the System Config settings e PRINT customizes the printout selects and configures the printer For detailed information refer to the spectrum analyzer help system HELP Alternatively use the functions in the Nwa Wm File menu of the network analyzer mode 00 0000 B e HELP calls the help system depending on the active context The network analyzer and spectrum analyzer modes are Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 12 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Front Panel Tour described in two separate help systems e MODE opens a dialog to switch between the network analyzer and spectrum analyzer modes e MENU activates the highest softkey menu level of the current spectrum analyzer context For detailed information refer to the spectrum analyzer help system HELP In network analyzer mode use the Function Keys or the menus across the top of the main application window
75. has access to the product as well as the product itself is adequately protected from injury or damage 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 3 14 15 16 17 18 Basic Safety Instructions Use suitable overvoltage protection to ensure that no overvoltage such as that caused by a bolt of lightning can reach the product Otherwise the person operating the product will be exposed to the danger of an electric shock Any object that is not designed to be placed in the openings of the housing must not be used for this purpose Doing so can cause short circuits inside the product and or electric shocks fire or injuries Unless specified otherwise products are not liquid proof see also section Operating states and operating positions item 1 Therefore the equipment must be protected against penetration by liquids If the necessary precautions are not taken the user may suffer electric shock or the product itself may be damaged which can also lead to personal injury Never use the product under conditions in which condensation has formed or can form in or on the product e g if the product has been moved from a cold to a warm environment Penetration by water increases the risk of electric shock Prior to cleaning the product disconnect it completely from the power supply e g AC supply network or battery Use a soft non linting cloth to clean the product Never use chemical cleaning agents such as alcohol acetone or diluents for
76. hat it is safe to establish a physical connection to the LAN without any previous analyzer configuration Address selection lf your network does not support DHCP or if you choose to disable dynamic TCP IP configuration you must assign valid address information before connecting the analyzer to the LAN Contact your network administrator to obtain a valid IP address because connection errors can affect the entire network Manual TCP IP configuration To disable dynamic TCP IP configuration and enter the TCP IP address information manually proceed as follows 1 Obtain the IP address and subnet mask for the analyzer and the IP address for the local default gateway from your network administrator If needed also obtain the name of your DNS domain and the IP addresses of the DNS and WINS servers on your network 2 Press the SETUP front panel key to the left of the analyzer s display 3 In the softkey menu opened press General Setup Network Address DHCP Off 4 Enter your IP Address and Subnet Mask To enter additional IP address information you have to access the operating system of the R amp S ZVL 1 Access Windows XP using an external keyboard see Accessing Window XP s Start Menu 2 Open the Control Panel Network Connections Local Area Connection Status Local Area Connection Properties Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties dialog and enter the complete address information eg aa OOO Quick Start Guid
77. hat the analyzer can calculate the error terms and apply the calibration without any further input Advantages of automatic calibration e Automatic calibration is generally faster and more secure than manual calibration because There is no need to connect several standards manually Invalid calibrations due to operator errors e g wrong standards or improper connections are almost excluded e No need to handle calibration kit data The internal standards don t wear out because they are switched electronically Automatic calibration is less flexible than manual calibration because it is cannot be performed for segmented sweep Connection and use of the calibration unit Please observe the safety instructions in the Technical Information provided with the calibration unit to avoid any damage to the unit and the network analyzer Safety related aspects of the connection and operation of the units are also reported in chapter 5 GUI Reference of the operating manual or in the network analyzer s help system PE Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 97 R amp S ZVL System Overview Optional R amp S ZVL Extensions 3 4 Optional R amp S ZVL Extensions The R amp S ZVL network analyzer can be upgraded with various hardware and software options providing enhanced flexibility and an extended measurement functionality The available options are listed in the SETUP More System Info Versions Options dialog Options can be en
78. hde amp Schwarz v lido lo que sigue como posici n de funcionamiento se define por principio la posici n con el suelo de la caja para abajo modo de protecci n IP 2X grado de suciedad 2 categor a de sobrecarga el ctrica 2 uso solamente en estancias interiores utilizaci n hasta 2000 m sobre el nivel del mar transporte hasta 4500 m sobre el nivel del mar Se aplicar una tolerancia de 10 sobre el voltaje nominal y de 5 sobre la frecuencia nominal N No sit e el producto encima de superficies veh culos estantes o mesas que por sus caracter sticas de peso o de estabilidad no sean aptos para l Siga siempre las instrucciones de instalaci n del fabricante cuando instale y asegure el producto en objetos o estructuras p ej paredes y estantes Si se realiza la instalaci n de modo distinto al indicado en la documentaci n del producto pueden causarse lesiones o incluso la muerte SS No ponga el producto sobre aparatos que generen calor p ej radiadores o calefactores La temperatura ambiente no debe superar la temperatura m xima especificada en la documentaci n del producto o en la hoja de datos En caso de sobrecalentamiento del producto pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 8 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Seguridad el ctrica Si no se siguen o se siguen de modo insuficiente las indicaciones del fabricante e
79. he types of calibration standards available In the following we assume that the calibration kit ZV Z21 contains an appropriate male short standard with known physical properties With a single short standard it is possible to perform a normalization compensating for a frequency dependent attenuation and phase shift in the signal path Due to the analyzer s calibration wizard calibration is a straightforward menu guided process caL 1 Unscrew the DUT and connect the male short standard from calibration kit ZV Z21 2 Press the CAL function key to open the calibration menu 3 Activate Start Cal One Port P1 Normalization Short to open the calibration wizard for the selected calibration type Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 45 R amp S ZVL Getting Started A Reflection Measurements Calibration SE x v Same Connector Type at AIl Ports Connector Ref Imp Calibration Kit 1 N500 f a 500 24 221 typical y Import Kit At least one of the used calibration kits contains default or typical data Please load or edit the characteristic data of the kit that you actually use Cancel Help 4 Inthe first dialog of the wizard select the calibration kit here ZV Z21 and the test port connector here N 50 Q f corresponding to a male calibration standard and click Next If you have not yet imported the exact cal kit data of your calibration kit you can use the typical data as
80. he complete startup procedure and the system check If the R amp S ZVL is DC or battery supplied the Shutdown Standby option is not effective see section DC Power Supply and Battery below Power supply in standby mode The instrument is still power supplied while it is in standby mode Replacing Fuses The instrument is protected by two fuses IEC 127 T 3 15 H 250 V located on the rear panel at the right side of the AC power switch ER ET Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 25 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Putting the Instrument into Operation Shock hazard For fuse replacement ensure that the instrument is switched off and disconnected from the power supply by removing the plug from the AC and DC power connector To replace the fuses 1 Open the lid of the AC power connector 2 Lift the fuse holder out of its slot 3 Exchange the two fuses 4 Put the fuse holder back in its slot and close the lid 1 3 11 DC Power Supply and Battery While the R amp S ZVL is disconnected from the AC power supply it can be supplied either by a DC power option DC Power Supply R amp S FSL B30 or a battery option NIMH Battery Pack R amp S FSL B31 see Power Supply Options With DC power or battery supply the AC power switch on the rear panel is disabled The power on off key on the front panel is used to switch the analyzer on or off irrespective of the SETUP gt More gt Shutdown Off Standby setting lt g
81. he instrument using the power on off key on the front panel EE Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 29 R amp S ZVL 1 6 1 6 1 1 6 2 Preparing for Use Connecting External Accessories Connecting External Accessories The equivalent USB ports on the front panel of the analyzer can be used to connect a variety of accessories e Amouse simplifies operation of the instrument using the controls and dialogs of the Graphical User Interface GUI e A keyboard simplifies the entry of data e A printer generates hard copies of the screen contents In addition the analyzer provides an interface for network integration e An external monitor shows the magnified GUI with all diagram areas measurement results and control elements e ALAN connection can be established in order to access the hard disk or control the analyzer from an external PC Connecting a Mouse A USB mouse can be connected to one of the Universal Serial Bus connectors on the front panel The mouse is detected automatically when it is connected It is safe to connect or disconnect the mouse during the measurement Mouse configuration Use the Start Control Panel Mouse menu of Windows XP to configure the mouse properties To access Windows XP press SETUP General Setup More Open Start Menu or connect an external keyboard and press CTRL ESC Operating the analyzer does not require a mouse You can access all essential functions u
82. ial risk of exposure to radiation and if necessary take measures to avert the potential danger Should a fire occur the product may release hazardous substances gases fluids etc that can cause health problems Therefore suitable measures must be taken e g protective masks and protective clothing must be worn If a laser product e g a CD DVD drive is integrated into a Rohde amp Schwarz product absolutely no other settings or functions may be used as described in the product documentation The objective is to prevent personal injury e g due to laser beams 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 4 Basic Safety Instructions Repair and service 1 The product may be opened only by authorized specially trained personnel Before any work is performed on the product or before the product is opened it must be disconnected from the AC supply network Otherwise personnel will be exposed to the risk of an electric shock Adjustments replacement of parts maintenance and repair may be performed only by electrical experts authorized by Rohde amp Schwarz Only original parts may be used for replacing parts relevant to safety e g power switches power transformers fuses A safety test must always be performed after parts relevant to safety have been replaced visual inspection PE conductor test insulation resistance measurement leakage current measurement functional test This helps ensure the continued safety of the product Batterie
83. ibration type since it requires the measurement of only one standard for each calibrated S parameter e One port reflection S parameters Gu S22 are calibrated with an open or a short standard providing the reflection tracking error term e Two port transmission S parameters S412 Gau are calibrated with a through standard providing the transmission tracking error term Normalization means that the measured S parameter at each sweep point is divided by the corresponding S parameter of the standard A normalization eliminates the frequency dependent attenuation and phase shift in the measurement path reflection or transmission tracking error It does not compensate for directivity or mismatch errors This limits the accuracy of a normalization 3 3 2 2 Full One Port Calibration A full one port calibration requires a short an open and a match standard to be connected to a single test port The three standard measurements are used to derive all three reflection error terms e The short and open standards are used to derive the source match and the reflection tracking error terms e The match standard is used to derive the directivity error A full one port calibration is more accurate than a normalization but is only applicable for reflection measurements AAA Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 95 R amp S ZVL System Overview Calibration Overview 3 3 2 3 One Path Two Port Calibration A one path two port calibrati
84. id 258 The OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit http www openssl org includes cryptographic software written by Eric Young eay cryptsoft com and software written by Tim Hudson tintocryptsoft com Rohde amp Schwarz would like to thank the open source community for their valuable contribution to embedded computing 2009 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG 81671 Munich Germany Printed in Germany Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S ZVL is abbreviated as R amp S ZVL R amp S FSL xxx as R amp S FSL xxx R amp S ZVL R amp S ZVL Documentation Map R amp S ZVL Documentation Map Standard Documentation The following documentation is supplied with the instrument The help systems are embedded in the instrument offering quick context sensitive reference to the information needed for operation and programming The help systems contain the complete user documentation for the network analyzer including all optional features The instrument provides two help files for the network analyzer modes and for the spectrum analyzer mode You can also transfer the help files RSZVLhelp chm network analyzer mode plus basic functions and RSFSLhelp chm spectrum analyzer mode plus supplementary spectrum a
85. iento Con esto queda garantizada la seguridad del producto Bater as y acumuladores o celdas Si no se siguen o se siguen de modo insuficiente las indicaciones en cuanto a las bater as y acumuladores o celdas pueden producirse explosiones incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte El manejo de bater as y acumuladores con electrolitos alcalinos p ej celdas de litio debe seguir el est ndar EN 62133 1 2 No deben desmontarse abrirse ni triturarse las celdas Las celdas o bater as no deben someterse a calor ni fuego Debe evitarse el almacenamiento a la luz directa del sol Las celdas y bater as deben mantenerse limpias y secas Limpiar las conexiones sucias con un pa o seco y limpio Las celdas o bater as no deben cortocircuitarse Es peligroso almacenar las celdas o bater as en estuches o cajones en cuyo interior puedan cortocircuitarse por contacto rec proco o por contacto con otros materiales conductores No deben extraerse las celdas o bater as de sus embalajes originales hasta el momento en que vayan a utilizarse Mantener bater as y celdas fuera del alcance de los ni os En caso de ingesti n de una celda o bater a avisar inmediatamente a un m dico Las celdas o bater as no deben someterse a impactos mec nicos fuertes indebidos 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 11 Informaciones elementales de seguridad 6 En caso de falta de estanqueidad de una celda el l quido vertido no debe entrar e
86. ies b2 a forward measurement with matched output and a gt 0 Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 89 R amp S ZVL System Overview Measured Quantities e Sj Is the reverse transmission coefficient defined as the ratio of the wave quantities b reverse measurement with matched input b rey in the figure above and a 0 to ao e Sp is the output reflection coefficient defined as the ratio of the wave quantities b reverse measurement with matched input b rey in the figure above and a 0 to a gt measured at PORT 2 Meaning of squared amplitudes The squared amplitudes of the incident and outgoing waves and of the matrix elements have a simple meaning Available incident power at the input of a two port the power provided by a generator with a source impedance equal to the reference impedance Zo 3 2 2 Impedance Parameters An impedance is the complex ratio between a voltage and a current The analyzer provides converted impedances each impedance parameter is obtained from a single S parameter The converted matched circuit impedances describe the impedances of a DUT that is terminated at its outputs with the reference impedance Zo i numbers the analyzer DUT port Loi Zoi Loj I I Reflection Z Transmission Z The analyzer converts a single measured S parameter to determine the corresponding converted impedance As a result converted Z parameters cannot completely describe general n port DUTs e
87. in alkaline electrolytes e g lithium cells can cause explosions Replace cells or batteries only with the matching Rohde amp Schwarz type see parts list in order to ensure the safety of the product Cells and batteries must be recycled and kept separate from residual waste Rechargeable batteries and normal batteries that contain lead mercury or cadmium are hazardous waste Observe the national regulations regarding waste disposal and recycling Transport 1 The product may be very heavy Therefore the product must be handled with care In some cases the user may require a suitable means of lifting or moving the product e g with a lift truck to avoid back or other physical injuries 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 5 Informaciones elementales de seguridad 2 Handles on the products are designed exclusively to enable personnel to transport the product It is therefore not permissible to use handles to fasten the product to or on transport equipment such as cranes fork lifts wagons etc The user is responsible for securely fastening the products to or on the means of transport or lifting Observe the safety regulations of the manufacturer of the means of transport or lifting Noncompliance can result in personal injury or material damage 3 If you use the product in a vehicle it is the sole responsibility of the driver to drive the vehicle safely and properly The manufacturer assumes no responsibility for accidents or collisions Nev
88. ines definidos si el producto es utilizado conforme a las indicaciones de la correspondiente documentaci n del producto y dentro del margen de rendimiento definido ver hoja de datos documentaci n informaciones de seguridad que siguen El uso del producto hace necesarios conocimientos t cnicos y ciertos conocimientos del idioma ingl s Por eso se debe tener en cuenta que el producto solo pueda ser operado por personal especializado o personas instruidas en profundidad con las capacidades correspondientes Si fuera necesaria indumentaria de seguridad para el uso de productos de Rohde amp Schwarz encontrar a la informaci n debida en la documentaci n del producto en el cap tulo correspondiente Guarde bien las informaciones de seguridad elementales as como la documentaci n del producto y entr guelas a usuarios posteriores Tener en cuenta las informaciones de seguridad sirve para evitar en lo posible lesiones o da os por peligros de toda clase Por eso es imprescindible leer detalladamente y comprender por completo las siguientes informaciones de seguridad antes de usar el producto y respetarlas durante el uso del producto Deber n tenerse en cuenta todas las dem s informaciones de seguridad como p ej las referentes a la protecci n de personas que encontrar n en el cap tulo correspondiente de la documentaci n del producto y que tambi n son de obligado cumplimiento En las presentes informaciones de seguridad se recogen todos los
89. ker dv Marker 1 Meas V Marker 2 Format V Marker 3 Scale V Ref Marker Lines d Delta Mode Mkr gt Ref Mkr All Mrs OFF Mkr Format dE Mag More Mkrs V Lin Mag w Coupled Mrs Phase Discrete Mkrs Real Mkr Properties SCH Export Mhrs Daisy dE Mag and Phase Lin Mag and Phase Real and Imag Default RLE Ser RLE Par e A menu command with a right arrow expands a submenu with further related settings Example Marker b expands a submenu to position markers on a trace and configure their properties e Amenu command with three dots appended calls up an input field or a dialog providing several related settings Example Marker 1 opens an input field to enter the frequency of marker 1 e Amenu command with no arrow or dots directly initiates an action Example Delta Mode converts the active marker to a delta marker e Adot preceding the menu command indicates the current selection in a list of alternative settings Example In the figure above the default format is selected as marker format 3 1 4 3 Softkey Bar The softkey bar displays the commands of the active menu so that they can be activated by hitting the associated keys on the front panel It contains two different softkey types Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 68 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Function softkeys Step Up to 7 softkeys each corresponding to a command of the active Atten b2 menu The function of the softkeys
90. knob to close the active dialog 2 3 2 Data Entry The analyzer provides dialogs with various types of input fields where you can enter numeric values and character data Data entry with a mouse and an external keyboard is a standard procedure known from other Windows applications However there are various alternative ways to enter data Using Front Panel Keys If no mouse and no external keyboard is connected to the analyzer you can use the data entry keys to enter numbers and units To enter a numeric value 1 Place the cursor into a numeric data input field in a dialog or in the numeric entry bar 2 Press the data entry keys 0 9 ii et KA e Use Oto 9 enter the corresponding numbers o Ca LC ES e Use and to enter a decimal point or change the sign of the value e Use GHz dBm MHz dBm kHz dB or Hz dB to multiply the entered value with factors of 10 10 10 or 1 and or add the appropriate physical unit To enter a character string 1 Place the cursor into a character data input field in a dialog 2 Press the data entry keys as if you were writing a short message on your mobile phone The different characters assigned to each key are displayed in a popup dialog Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 52 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Basic Tasks 0 9 e Press 0 to 9 once to enter the corresponding numbers LA det Gi e Press the keys repeatedly to select one of the other characters
91. list describes a single channel The channel of the active trace is highlighted The lines are divided into several sections with the following contents from left to right e Channel name indicates the current channel name The default names for new channels are Ch lt n gt where lt n gt is a current number Right click the section and call the Channel Manager from the context menu to change the channel name e Start value of the sweep indicates the lowest value of the sweep variable e g the lowest frequency measured corresponding to the left edge of the Cartesian diagram e Color legend shows the display color of all traces assigned to the channel The colors are different so the number of colors is equal to the numbers of traces assigned to the channel e Additional stimulus parameter shows either the power of the internal signal source for frequency sweeps and time sweeps or the CW frequency for power sweeps e Stop value of the sweep indicates the highest value of the sweep variable e g the highest frequency measured corresponding to the right edge of the Cartesian diagram Right click any of the sections in the trace list except Color legend to open a context menu and access the most common tasks related to the section Context menus of the channel list A right mouse click on the channel name the sweep range and the additional parameter section of the channel list opens the following context menus respectively Quick
92. low the diagram The active channel is not relevant in remote control where each channel can contain an active trace Active marker Marker that can be changed using the settings of the Marker menu Delta Mode Ref Mkr gt Mkr Mkr Format The active marker is also used for the Marker Functions lt appears in the diagram with an enlarged marker symbol and font size and with a dot placed in front of the marker line in the info field Active menu The menu containing the last executed command If the softkey bar is displayed Display Config View Softkey Labels on then the active menu is indicated on top of the softkey bar Active trace manual control Trace that is selected to apply the settings in the Trace menu The active trace is highlighted in the trace list of the active diagram area It can be different from the active trace in remote control Active trace remote control One trace of each channel that has been selected as the active trace CAL Culate Ch PARameter SELect lt Trace Name gt Many commands e g TRACE act on the active trace lt can be different from the active trace in manual control Cal pool The cal pool is a collection of correction data sets cal groups that the analyzer stores in a common directory Cal groups in the pool can beapplied to different channels and setups Calibration The process of removing systematic errors from the measurement system error correction See also TOSM TOM TRM T
93. ls and connectors of the network analyzer and gives all information that is necessary to put the instrument into operation and connect external devices Notes on reinstallation of the analyzer software appear at the end of the chapter Please make sure to observe the instructions of the following sections so that you cannot endanger people or cause damage to the instrument This is of particular importance when you use the instrument for the first time Also observe the general safety instructions at the beginning of this manual Chapter 2 of this manual provides an introduction to the operation of the analyzer by means of typical configuration and measurement examples for a description of the operating concept and an overview of the instrument s capabilities refer to Chapter 3 For all reference information concerning manual and remote control of the instrument refer to the online help system or its printed printable version A more detailed description of the hardware connectors and interfaces is also part of the help system 1 1 Front Panel Tour The front panel of the network analyzer consists of the VGA display with the softkey area the hardkey areas and the connectors area Brief explanations on the controls and connectors the hardkey area and the rear panel can be found on the next pages ROHDERSCHWARZ DIE SS Mei 2 230200 GHz 5 381 dB PROBE POWER PORT 2 RF INPUT Chi Center 2 2302GHz Pwr 10 dB
94. lso requires option R amp S FSL B5 Additional Interfaces providing the noise source control voltage and an external preamplifier to specify the measurement uncertainties DC supply for the external preamplifier can be derived from the probe power socket a matching connector can be ordered as spare part 1065 9480 00 Noise source E g NC 346 types from Noisecom Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 101 R amp S ZVL System Overview Optional R amp S ZVL Extensions 3 4 10 WCDMA Measurements 3GPP FDD BTS R amp S FSL K72 The R amp S FSL K72 adds transmitter TX measurements on 3GPP downlink signals including HSDPA HSUPA signals The measurement types comprise code domain power signal channel power adjacent channel power and spectrum emission mask 3 4 11 WLAN OFDM Analysis R amp S FSL K91 Option R amp S FSL K91 provides transmitter TX tests especially spectrum and modulation measurements on signals in line with the WLAN standards IEEE 802 11a b g j 3 4 12 WiMAX OFDM OFDMA Analysis R amp S FSL K93 Option R amp S FSL K93 provides transmitter TX tests especially spectrum and modulation measurements on signals in line with IEEE 802 16 2004 and IEEE 802 16e 2005 for mobile WiMAX Signals including WiBro Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 102 R amp S ZVL Index Index A tune cueunetat 38 Keys AC DOWEL E 21 A O nnee 15 Administrator TOWING sisi ita 39 W e E eu PAPA e yn a ition 14 ENEE 91 A Eo e OE A 16 AM FM opM
95. lyzer is available to any user An additional user account without administrator rights is pre defined To install new fimware using the update tool To change the user account access Windows XP s Start menu e g by pressing SETUP General Setup More Open Start Menu see section Accessing Windows XP s Start Menu on p 37 and click Settings Control Panel User Accounts In the dialog opened you can also change the passwords for the user accounts User accounts with the following user names and passwords are pre defined Default account with administrator rights 894129 Account without administrator rights 894129 De activating auto login After being turned off the R amp S ZVB will return to the Instrument account without prompting for a password To de activate the automatic login mechanism 1 Access the Start menu and select Run 2 In the dialog box opened enter C R_S INSTR USER NO_AUTOLOGIN REG and confirm Auto login is deactivated The next time you switch on the R amp S ZVL you will have to enter a user name and a password Proceed in the same way using the C R_S INSTR USER AUTOLOGIN REG file to re activate automatic login Firmware upgrade and downgrade An update from a firmware version lt V3 xx to version V3 xx or higher does not replace the image To replace the image version contact your R amp S service representative The image upgrade is possible on instruments with a DVI D connector on
96. m Span 80 MHz Maximize and LOCAL CZ Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 11 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Front Panel Tour Display The analyzer is equipped with a color display providing all control elements for the measurements and the diagram areas for the results e Refer to section Navigation Tools of the Screen in Chapter 3 to learn how to use menus keys and softkeys e Refer to section Display Elements in Chapter 3 to obtain information about the results in the diagram area e Refer to section Display Menu in the online help system and learn how to customize the screen e Refer to the data sheet for the technical specifications of the display Screen saver The screen saver function of the operating system switches off the display if the analyzer receives no command for more than a specified period of time It is switched on again if any front panel key is pressed To change the screen saver properties press SETUP General Setup More Open Start Menu or connect an external keyboard and press CTRL ESC to open the start menu and click Control Panel Display Screen Saver Setup Keys The front panel keys to the left of the display provide utility functions assistance and alternative measurement modes Some of the keys are related to the spectrum analyzer mode with option R amp S ZVL K1 irrespective of the active mode e PRESET performs a general factory preset or user preset dependin
97. matic Calibration Introduction 0 nnnanneenennnennnnenennnnnnnnnennnnesnnnnnnrrnesnrnnsenrrennnne 97 3 4 Optional R amp S ZVL EXtensSi0NS oocccocccocccocnconnccnnconnnonnnonaronnncnnnrnnrrnnnrnnrnnanrnarrnanrnnnnnn 98 3 4 1 Distance to Fault R amp S ZVL K2 ec cece eee eeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeseeeeeaaneeeas 100 3 4 2 Time Domain AT sands 100 3 4 3 Spectrum Analysis R amp S ZNMI RI 100 3 4 4 TN Trigger R amp S FSLABG EE 101 3 4 5 Gated Sweep R amp S EG Bi 101 3 4 6 AM FM poM Measurement Demodulator R amp S EG KI 101 3 4 7 Bluetooth Measurements R amp S EG AO 101 3 4 8 Spectrogram Measurements R amp S FSL K14 0 eeccceeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeesaeeeeeaaeeeeeas 101 3 4 9 Noise Figure and Gain Measurements R amp S EG R O 101 3 4 10 WCDMA Measurements 3GPP FDD BTS R amp S ESLAKT72 occcccccccccccncoccncconacononos 102 3 4 11 WLAN OFDM Analysis RASSEL kOoi 102 3 4 12 WiMAX OFDM OFDMA Analysis R amp S EG kO 102 Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 05 60 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts 3 System Overview The following chapter provides an overview of the analyzer s capabilities and their use This includes a description of the basic concepts that the analyzer uses to organize process and display measurement data of the screen contents possible measured quantities and calibration methods For a systematic explanation of all menus functions and parameters and background info
98. mediate settings provide a Close button but no OK button Example Step Size dialog e Dialogs with confirmed settings provide both an OK button and a Cancel button Example On screen keyboard You can also cancel an immediate setting using Setup Undo On Screen Keyboard A keyboard symbol next to a character input field opens the analyzer s on screen keyboard ttreke SE IT Shift de D I Zeil The on screen keyboard contains two sets of characters plus the following additional controls Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 78 R amp S ZVL 3 1 6 3 3 1 6 4 System Overview Basic Concepts e Shift changes between the two character sets containing lower case letters numbers and upper case letters special characters respectively lt BS deletes the current string in the alphanumeric input field OK applies the current selection and closes the keyboard The current string is written into the input field of the calling dialog See also Immediate vs Confirmed Settings e Cancel discards the current selection and closes the keyboard The input field of the calling dialog is left unchanged The on screen keyboard allows you to enter characters in particular letters without an external keyboard see Data Entry To enter numbers and units you can also use the DATA ENTRY keys on the front panel of the instrument Paste Marker List A pull down list symbol next to a numeric input field opens a list of all
99. moderadas si no se evita AVISO indica la posibilidad de utilizar mal el producto y como consecuencia da arlo En la documentaci n del producto se emplea de forma sin nima el t rmino CUIDADO Las palabras de se al corresponden a la definici n habitual para aplicaciones civiles en el rea econ mica europea Pueden existir definiciones diferentes a esta definici n en otras reas econ micas o en aplicaciones militares Por eso se deber tener en cuenta que las palabras de se al aqu descritas sean utilizadas siempre solamente en combinaci n con la correspondiente documentaci n del producto y solamente en combinaci n con el producto correspondiente La utilizaci n de las palabras de se al en combinaci n con productos o documentaciones que no les correspondan puede llevar a interpretaciones equivocadas y tener por consecuencia da os en personas u objetos Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento El producto solamente debe ser utilizado seg n lo indicado por el fabricante respecto a los estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento sin que se obstruya la ventilaci n Si no se siguen las indicaciones del fabricante pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte En todos los trabajos deber n ser tenidas en cuenta las normas nacionales y locales de seguridad del trabajo y de prevenci n de accidentes 1 Sino se convino de otra manera es para los productos Ro
100. n contacto con la piel ni los ojos Si se produce contacto lavar con agua abundante la zona afectada y avisar a un m dico En caso de cambio o recarga inadecuados las celdas o bater as que contienen electrolitos alcalinos p ej las celdas de litio pueden explotar Para garantizar la seguridad del producto las celdas o bater as solo deben ser sustituidas por el tipo Rohde amp Schwarz correspondiente ver lista de recambios Las bater as y celdas deben reciclarse y no deben tirarse a la basura dom stica Las bater as o acumuladores que contienen plomo mercurio o cadmio deben tratarse como residuos especiales Respete en esta relaci n las normas nacionales de eliminaci n y reciclaje Transporte 1 El producto puede tener un peso elevado Por eso es necesario desplazarlo o transportarlo con precauci n y si es necesario usando un sistema de elevaci n adecuado p ej una carretilla elevadora a fin de evitar lesiones en la espalda u otros da os personales Las asas instaladas en los productos sirven solamente de ayuda para el transporte del producto por personas Por eso no est permitido utilizar las asas para la sujeci n en o sobre medios de transporte como p ej gr as carretillas elevadoras de horquilla carros etc Es responsabilidad suya fijar los productos de manera segura a los medios de transporte o elevaci n Para evitar da os personales o da os en el producto siga las instrucciones de seguridad del fabrica
101. n cuanto a seguridad el ctrica pueden producirse choques el ctricos incendios y o lesiones graves con posible consecuencia de muerte 1 10 11 Antes de la puesta en marcha del producto se deber comprobar siempre que la tensi n preseleccionada en el producto coincida con la de la red de alimentaci n el ctrica Si es necesario modificar el ajuste de tensi n tambi n se deber n cambiar en caso dado los fusibles correspondientes del producto Los productos de la clase de protecci n con alimentaci n m vil y enchufe individual solamente podr n enchufarse a tomas de corriente con contacto de seguridad y con conductor de protecci n conectado Queda prohibida la interrupci n intencionada del conductor de protecci n tanto en la toma de corriente como en el mismo producto La interrupci n puede tener como consecuencia el riesgo de que el producto sea fuente de choques el ctricos Si se utilizan cables alargadores o regletas de enchufe deber garantizarse la realizaci n de un examen regular de los mismos en cuanto a su estado t cnico de seguridad Si el producto no est equipado con un interruptor para desconectarlo de la red se deber considerar el enchufe del cable de conexi n como interruptor En estos casos se deber asegurar que el enchufe siempre sea de f cil acceso de acuerdo con la longitud del cable de conexi n aproximadamente 2 m Los interruptores de funci n o electr nicos no son aptos para el corte
102. n from the analyzer to an existing network made with an ordinary RJ 45 network cable The analyzer is assigned an IP address and can coexist with a computer and with other hosts on the same network Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 32 Connecting External Accessories e A dedicated network connection between the analyzer and a single computer made with a cross over RJ 45 network cable The computer must be equipped with a network adapter and is directly connected to the analyzer The use of hubs switches or gateways is not needed however data transfer is still made using the TCP IP protocol The IP address information is displayed in the Info Setup Info dialog R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Remote Control in a LAN 1 7 Remote Control in a LAN A LAN connection is used to integrate the analyzer into a home company network This offers several applications e Transfer data between a controller and the analyzer e g in order run a remote control program e Control the measurement from a remote computer using the Remote Desktop application e Use external network devices e g printers Virus protection An efficient virus protection is a prerequisite for secure operation in the network Never connect your analyzer to an unprotected network because this may cause damage to the instrument software To establish the connection proceed as follows 1 Access Windows XP e g by pressing SETUP General Setup More
103. n the Trace Meas submenu 3 2 1 S Parameters S parameters are the basic measured quantities of a network analyzer They describe how the DUT modifies a signal that is transmitted or reflected in forward or reverse direction For a 2 port measurement the signal flow is as follows gt D D ay o S Forward 2 rev Reverse measurement b measurement a lt p Port 1 Port 2 Extensions to the signal flow The figure above is sufficient for the definition of S parameters but does not necessarily show the complete signal flow In fact if the source and load ports are not ideally matched part of the transmitted waves are reflected off the receiver ports so that an additional az contribution occurs in forward measurements an a contribution occurs in reverse measurements The scattering matrix links the incident waves a4 a to the outgoing waves b4 b2 according to the following linear equation El S Se afan b So So a The equation shows that the S parameters are expressed as S out gt lt in Where lt out gt and lt in gt denote the output and input port numbers of the DUT Meaning of 2 port S parameters The four 2 port S parameters can be interpreted as follows e Gu isthe input reflection coefficient defined as the ratio of the wave quantities b a measured at PORT 1 forward measurement with matched output and a 0 e Sp is the forward transmission coefficient defined as the ratio of the wave quantit
104. nalyzer options to your PC and use them as standalone help files The quick start guide contains the data sheet Product Brochure and Specifications describes everything that is needed to put the instrument into operation and helps you get familiar with the analyzer The quick start guide gives an introduction to the instrument s functionality and provides procedures for typical measurement tasks For an overview and a short description of R amp S ZVL options refer to section Optional Extensions in the System Overview chapter at the end of the quick start guide The CD ROM provides the complete user documentation for the network analyzer e The online help system in two different HTML based formats chm for transfer to the hard disk and WebHelp for viewing from the CD e Printable pdf versions of the online help systems The R amp S ZVL operating manual describes the R amp S ZVL instrument including network analyzer mode A separate manual describes the spectrum analyzer mode with option R amp S ZVL K1 and the supplementary spectrum analyzer options e The quick start manual in printable form e The service manual in printable form e Links to different useful sites in the R amp S internet Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 3 R amp S ZVL Glossary of Terms Glossary of Terms Active channel Channel belonging to the active trace The active channel is highlighted in the channel list be
105. nanoninononononcanonanannonononrranonanonrrnararonnanionns 23 130 Power ei ee 23 1 3 7 Connecting the Instrument to the AC Gupphy 24 1 30 Poweronand ON canina ico ais 24 1 3 9 Instrument States with AC Power Supply cccoocccccccncoccnnccccnccoccnncononononnncnnncnnoncncnnnnnnnonos 24 3210 Ce ele eh EE 25 1 3 11 DC Power Supply and Battery ooccococcnccoccccccoccccconnnnoncnncnncnonanoncnnancnnonnnnonnnnonaninnas 26 13 12 Gharging the BAUM Y EE 27 ta MaN NaNe E i EEA E e 28 E le A nn A 28 1 5 Starting and Shutting down the AnalyZel cccccseccsseseeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeseneeseeneensees 29 1 6 Connecting External Accessories oooccconncciconcococonconononenanornnnnronnrornnnnrennnnrrnanrrrnanrenans 30 1 6 1 COMMECUIG A MOUSE ia 30 Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 9 1 6 2 Connecting a Keyboard n 1nnnenneeoeenesennnrorrnrssrnnrsnrrrnsenrrrnrrrrsrernusnrrrnrerenrnrrsnrrrreerenne 30 1 6 3 Connecting a ET EE 31 1 6 4 Connecting a MONITO EE 32 1 6 5 Connecting a LAN Cable A 32 1 7 Remote Control in a LAN ccoo 34 1 7 1 Assigning an IP le 34 1 7 2 Remote Desktop Connechon 36 E MAPA A 37 1 8 1 Accessing Windows XP s Start Menu 37 19 Firmware AAA mM PA 38 1 9 1 Operation with and without Administrator Rights 000nnn0nnnenenneneennennnnnennnnnsnnnnenennnne 39 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use EE Front Panel Tour 1 Preparing for Use This chapter gives an overview of the front panel contro
106. nce of your DUT 1 Press the MKR function key This places Marker 1 to its default position center of the sweep range A marker symbol triangle appears on the trace The stimulus value frequency and response value magnitude of the reflection coefficient converted to a dB value at the marker position is displayed in the marker info field in the upper right corner of the diagram MKR 2 Press the MKR gt function key open the Marker Search submenu and activate Min Search The marker jumps to the absolute minimum of the curve in the entire sweep range The marker info field shows the coordinates of the new marker position Trei ERR op mag 50B Ref 15 Op i Chi Center 5 25 GHz Pwr 10 dBm Span 500 MHz FORMAT 3 Inthe TRACE keypad press FORMAT and select the Phase of the reflection coefficient to be displayed The phase is shown in a Cartesian diagram with a default vertical scale of 225 deg to 225 deg The marker info field shows the frequency and phase at the marker position Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 47 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Reflection Measurements Trel Smith Refi U l Mi 5 207500 GHz 54 701 0 d i en n E II al d d Ka vk 1 4 H E 3 H F as ae Ab o K K vil r m d Ki 1 Y Chi Center 5 25 GHz Pwr 10 dam Span 500 MHz 4 Still in the FORMAT menu select Smith The Smith chart shows lines of constant real and imaginary part of the impedance in the refl
107. nector operation is permitted only on sockets with an earthing contact and protective earth connection 3 Intentionally breaking the protective earth connection either in the feed line or in the product itself is not permitted Doing so can result in the danger of an electric shock from the product If extension cords or connector strips are implemented they must be checked on a regular basis to ensure that they are safe to use 4 Ifthe product does not have a power switch for disconnection from the AC supply network the plug of the connecting cable is regarded as the disconnecting device In such cases always ensure that the power plug is easily reachable and accessible at all times corresponding to the length of connecting cable approx 2 m Functional or electronic switches are not suitable for providing disconnection from the AC supply network If products without power switches are integrated into racks or systems a disconnecting device must be provided at the system level 5 Never use the product if the power cable is damaged Check the power cable on a regular basis to ensure that it is in proper operating condition By taking appropriate safety measures and carefully laying the power cable you can ensure that the cable will not be damaged and that no one can be hurt by for example tripping over the cable or suffering an electric shock 6 The product may be operated only from TN TT supply networks fused with max 16 A highe
108. ngs it becomes the active trace In manual control there is always exactly one active trace irrespective of the number of channels and traces defined The active channel contains the active trace In remote control each channel contains an active trace see section Active Traces in Remote Control in the help system 3 1 2 2 Channel Settings A channel contains hardware related settings to specify how the network analyzer collects data The channel settings can be divided into three main groups e Control of the measurement process Sweep e Description of the test setup Power of the internal source IF filter Bandwidth and Step Attenuators Port Configuration e Correction data Calibration Port Extensions The Channel menu provides all channel settings Sweep initialization After changing the channel settings or selecting another measured quantity the analyzer needs some time to initialize the new sweep This preparation period increases with the number of points and the number of partial measurements involved It is visualized by a Preparing Sweep symbol in the status bar Preparing Sweep All analyzer settings can still be changed during sweep initialization If necessary the analyzer terminates the current initialization and starts a new preparation period During the first sweep after a change of the channel settings an additional red asterisk symbol appears in the status bar Chi MAA 3 1 3 Data Flow The analyze
109. ntation in an inverted Smith chart Real reflection coefficients are mapped to real admittances conductances The center of the T plane T 0 is mapped to the reference admittance Yo whereas the circle with I 1 is mapped to the imaginary axis of the Y plane e The circles for the points of equal conductance are centered on the real axis and intersect at Y infinity The arcs for the points of equal susceptance also belong to circles intersecting at Y infinity short circuit point 1 0 centered on a straight vertical line AAA Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 86 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Circles of equal conductance Short circuited load Y infinity Open circuited load Y 0 Arcs of equal susceptance Matching admittance Y Y Examples for special points in the inverted Smith chart e The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of a short circuit Y infinity U 0 is one its phase is 180 e The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of an open circuit Y O I 0 is one its phase is zero 3 1 7 6 Measured Quantities and Display Formats The analyzer allows any combination of a display format and a measured quantity The following rules can help to avoid inappropriate formats and find the format that is ideally suited to the measurement task e All formats are suitable for the analysis of reflection coefficients Gu The formats SWR Smith and Inverted
110. nte del medio de transporte o elevaci n utilizado Si se utiliza el producto dentro de un veh culo recae de manera exclusiva en el conductor la responsabilidad de conducir el veh culo de manera segura y adecuada El fabricante no asumir ninguna responsabilidad por accidentes o colisiones No utilice nunca el producto dentro de un veh culo en movimiento si esto pudiera distraer al conductor Asegure el producto dentro del veh culo debidamente para evitar en caso de un accidente lesiones u otra clase de da os Eliminaci n 1 Si se trabaja de manera mec nica y o t rmica cualquier producto o componente m s all del funcionamiento previsto pueden liberarse sustancias peligrosas polvos con contenido de metales pesados como p ej plomo berilio o n quel Por eso el producto solo debe ser desmontado por personal especializado con formaci n adecuada Un desmontaje inadecuado puede ocasionar da os para la salud Se deben tener en cuenta las directivas nacionales referentes a la eliminaci n de residuos En caso de que durante el trato del producto se formen sustancias peligrosas o combustibles que deban tratarse como residuos especiales p ej refrigerantes o aceites de motor con intervalos de cambio definidos deben tenerse en cuenta las indicaciones de seguridad del fabricante de dichas sustancias y las normas regionales de eliminaci n de residuos Tenga en cuenta tambi n en caso necesario las indicaciones de seguridad especiale
111. objetos que distribuye el grupo de empresas Rohde amp Schwarz bajo la denominaci n de producto entre ellos tambi n aparatos instalaciones asi como toda clase de accesorios S mbolos y definiciones de seguridad Aviso punto de peligro general Observar la documentaci n del producto Tensi n de alimentaci n de PUESTA EN MARCHA PARADA Atenci n en el manejo de dispositivos de peso elevado Peligro de choque el ctrico Corriente continua DC Indicaci n de estado de espera Standby 1171 0000 42 05 00 tencia superficie caliente Conexi n a tierra Conexi n a conductor de protecci n Corriente alterna Corriente AC continua Corriente alterna DC AC Conexi n a masa Aviso Cuidado en el manejo de dispositivos sensibles a la electrost tica ESD El aparato est protegido en su totalidad por un aislamiento doble reforzado Page 7 Informaciones elementales de seguridad Palabras de se al y su significado En la documentaci n del producto se utilizan las siguientes palabras de se al con el fin de advertir contra riesgos y peligros PELIGRO identifica un peligro inminente con riesgo elevado que provocar muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita 4 PELIGRO ADVERTENCIA identifica un posible peligro con riesgo medio de provocar muerte o lesiones graves si no se evita ATENCI N identifica un peligro con riesgo reducido de provocar lesiones leves o
112. of the following methods Press the SCALE function key on the front panel Right click the scale section in the trace list and select Autoscale from the context menu e Select Autoscale from the Trace Scale menu Circular Diagrams The radial scale of a circular Polar Smith or Inverted Smith diagram can be changed with a single linear parameter the Ref Value The reference value defines the radius of the outer circumference e Increasing the Reference Value scales down the polar diagram e Decreasing the Reference Value magnifies the polar diagram The Reference Value is indicated in the scale section of the trace list Polar 0 261 Ref 1 3 smith 0 20 Ref 1U To change the Reference Value use one of the following methods Press the SCALE function key on the front panel Right click the scale section in the trace list and select the parameter from the context menu Select the parameter from the Trace Scale menu Use the marker functions The Autoscale function also works for polar diagrams Using Marker Functions Marker functions are a convenient tool for scaling in particular magnifying diagrams without entering explicit numeric values You simply place a marker to a trace point and use the marker values to change the sweep range or move the trace relative to the vertical axis A mouse makes it easier to activate click or move drag and drop markers Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 55 R amp S ZV
113. on The installation program will guide you through the installation If installation fails use the Instrument_Update_Tool as described below Setup files can be stored and installed again The default drive name of the USB interfaces is C External storage devices are automatically mapped to the next free drive i e D E etc Remote control SYST FIRM UPD D FW_UPDATE To install new fimware using the update tool 4 Close all applications D Access Window XP s startup menu e g by pressing SETUP General Setup More Open Start Menu see section Accessing Windows XP s Start Menu on p 37 6 Select Programs gt Accessories gt Instrument_Update_ Tool 7 In the dialog box opened select the ZVL package file and click Open 8 In the Install Manager dialog box opened click Install Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 38 R8S ZVL Preparing for Use Firmware Update 1 9 1 Operation with and without Administrator Rights With firmware version V3 xx image version 3 11 and higher the network analyzer may be operated with or without administrator rights Some administrative tasks e g a firmware update do require administrator rights refer to the detailed description of the SETUP softkeys in chapter 4 of the operating manual In the default configuration auto login is enabled and an account with administrator rights is active This means that no password is required and the full functionality of the ana
114. on combines a full one port calibration with a transmission normalization so it requires a short an open and a match standard to be connected to a single test port plus a through standard between this calibrated source port and a second load port The four standard measurements are used to derive the following error terms e The short and open standards are used to derive the source match and the reflection tracking error terms at the source port e The match standard is used to derive the directivity error at the source port e The through standard provides the transmission tracking error term A one path two port calibration requires only four standards to be connected instead of 7 for a full two port TOSM calibration and is suitable when only the forward e g Gu and S21 or reverse S parameters e g S22 and S42 are to be measured and the DUT is well matched especially at the load port 3 3 2 4 TOSM Calibration A TOSM Through Open Short Match calibration requires the same standards as the one path two port calibration however all measurements are performed in the forward and reverse direction TOSM is also referred to as SOLT Short Open Load Match Through calibration The four standards are used to derive 6 error terms for each signal direction e In addition to the source match and reflection tracking error terms provided by the one path two port calibration TOSM also provides the load match e The
115. ou select a command in a new menu the softkey bar is updated to reflect the new active menu with all commands You can continue operation using the softkeys Overview of menu functions The Control L_ menus provide standard Windows functions to control windows The File menu provides standard Windows functions to create save or recall setups and to shut down the application e The Trace menu provides all trace settings and the functions to create select modify and store different traces In addition the menu provides the marker search and limit check functions e The Channel menu provides all channel settings and the functions to create select modify and store different channels This incudes the functions for calibration e The Display menu provides all display settings and the functions to create select modify and arrange different diagram areas e The NWA Setup menu provides standard Windows functions to arrange different windows on the screen display options reverse operations return to a defined instrument state and retrieve information on the instrument Besides it provides configurations for the user interface and for remote control operation e The Help menu provides assistance with the network analyzer and its operation 3 1 4 2 Menu Structure All menus show an analogous structure Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 67 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Trace Trace Marker gt Mar
116. ous structure and a number of common control elements Dialog Transparency The Dialog Transparency function Nwa Setup System Config menu varies the transparency of all dialogs With an appropriate setting you can control the dialogs and at the same time view the underlying traces and display elements We assume that you are familiar with standard Windows dialogs and mouse operation Refer to Using Front Panel Keys to learn how to control dialogs without a mouse and keyboard Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 77 R amp S ZVL 3 1 6 1 3 1 6 2 System Overview Basic Concepts Marker Properties 29 x Stimulus 400 000005 MHz y Mame Mkr Format Default Mode M Marker On M Fixed Marker l Delta Mode M Discrete Mode Show Info l Marker Position Iw Into Field l Table Triangle C Vertical Line C Horizontal Line C Crossbar All Into Fields Off eo JW All Mkrs Coupled Immediate vs Confirmed Settings In some dialogs the settings take effect immediately so that the effect on the measurement is observable while the dialog is still open This is especially convenient when a numeric value is incremented or decremented e g via the rotary knob In most dialogs however it is possible to cancel an erroneous input before it takes effect The settings in such dialogs must be confirmed explicitly The two types of dialogs are easy to distinguish e Dialogs with im
117. overall vertical scale unchanged Analogously click Min Marker to move the trace towards the lower diagram edge or click Ref Value Marker to move the trace towards the Reference Value EES Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 56 R amp S ZVL Getting Started EE Basic Tasks Enlarging the Diagram Area The analyzer provides different tools for customizing the contents and size of the diagram areas e Maximize allows you to enlarge the active diagram area to occupy the whole window A double click on any point in the diagram area is equivalent to the Maximize function e The Title the Softkey Labels the Status Bar and the Front Panel Keys are optional display elements which you can hide in order to gain space for the diagram e Use the context menu of the diagram area or the Nwa Setup Display menu to access the scaling functions above EEN Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 57 R amp S ZVL 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 3 1 3 3 1 4 3 1 4 1 3 1 4 2 3 1 4 3 3 1 4 4 3 1 4 5 3 1 5 3 1 5 1 SN si 3 1 5 3 3 1 5 4 3 1 5 5 3 1 5 6 3 1 5 7 3 1 5 8 3 1 6 3 1 6 1 3 1 6 2 3 1 6 3 3 1 6 4 3 1 7 3 1 7 1 SN fe Table of Contents Table of Contents SUSten OVSIVICW secrets creada d da 61 Basi ee Tee nn nen a o ee ere 61 Global RESGUECES EE 62 A AEE 62 Traces Channels and Diagram Areas 62 ace SSI OS caninas 63 Cri AMP A 64 Re e EE 64 Navigation Tools Of the Gcreen 66 VER EE 66 Menu Ul TE 6
118. ower time point number where a measurement is taken Also termed sweep point Sweep Series of consecutive measurements taken at a specified sequence of stimulus values series of consecutive measurement points Sweep point Value of the sweep variable stimulus value frequency power time where a measurement is taken Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 05 6 R amp S ZVL Glossary of Terms Sweep range Continuous range of the sweep variable frequency power time containing the sweep points where the analyzer takes measurements In a Segmented Frequency sweep the sweep range can be composed of several parameter ranges or single points Sweep segment Continuous frequency range or single frequency point where the analyzer measures at specified instrument settings generator power IF bandwidth etc In the Segmented Frequency sweep type the entire sweep range can be composed of several sweep segments TOSM A calibration type using four known standards through open short match also called SOLT or 12 term error correction model TOSM calibration is available for 2 3 and 4 port measurements Trace A trace is a set of data points that can be displayed together on the screen The trace settings specify the mathematical operations used to obtain traces from the collected data They complement the definitions of the Channel menu Each trace is assigned to a channel The channel settings apply to all traces assigned to the channel Tr
119. p S ZVL Extensions 3 4 1 Distance to Fault R amp S ZVL K2 The network analyzer measures and displays complex S parameters and other quantities as a function of the frequency The measurement results can be filtered and mathematically transformed in order to obtain the impulse response which often gives a clearer insight into the characteristics of the DUT The impulse response is special type of a time domain representation A fault discontinuity on a transmission line causing reflection results in a spike on the impulse response trace of the reflection coefficient With option R amp S ZVL K2 the analyzer can display the impulse response trace and calculate the distance between the reference plane and the fault from the propagation time taking into account the electrical properties of the transmission line Cable Type Moreover it is possible to define which of the peaks will be considered as being due to a fault and to draw up and export a list of the detected peaks 3 4 2 Time Domain R amp S ZVL K3 The network analyzer measures and displays complex S parameters and other quantities as a function of the frequency The measurement results can be filtered and mathematically transformed in order to obtain the time domain representation which often gives a clearer insight into the characteristics of the DUT Time domain transforms can be calculated in band pass or low pass mode For the latter the analyzer offers the impulse and step r
120. pen the Nwa Setup dialog and open the System Configuration dialog to toggle between non transparent and transparent info fields For more information Show Info Table In addition to the marker info field the analyzer provides an info table with extended marker information Marker Trace Stimulus Response Delta Discr Fixed Tracking Search Range i Ret Trci 3 3 440171000 GHz 6 426 dE T Iw Iw Off Full Range i Mkr 1 Trci 4 000150000 GHz 5 364 dB M Off Full Range The table is hidden by default To display the table double click the marker info field to open the Marker Properties dialog AAA Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 15 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts Context menu of the marker info field A right mouse click on the marker info field opens a context menu Marker Properties w Marker 1 woe Marker 2 Marker 3 All Markers OFF Max Search Min Search Movable Marker Info Movable Marker Info allows the marker info field to be placed to any position in the diagram area The remaining settings correspond to the most common commands in the Trace Marker and Trace Search menus 3 1 5 7 Channel Settings The main properties of all channels assigned to the traces in the diagram area are displayed in the channel list below the diagram Chl Center 3 1 GHz Pwr 10 dem Span 500 MHz LG Stat 16Hz Pwr 10 dem Stop 2 5 GHz Each line in the channel
121. peut tre col lect e pour tre trait e sp cialement comme d chets dan gereux D E ESP F 2 Customer Information Regarding Product Disposal The German Electrical and Electronic Equipment ElektroG Act is an implementation of the following EC directives e 2002 96 EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment WEEE and e 2002 959 EC on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment RoHS Product labeling in accordance with EN 50419 Once the lifetime of a product has ended this product must not be disposed of in the standard domestic refuse Even disposal via the municipal collection points for waste electrical and electronic equipment is not permitted Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG has developed a disposal concept for the environmental friendly disposal or recycling of waste material and fully assumes its obligation as a producer to take back and dispose of electrical and electronic waste in accordance with the ElektroG Act Please contact your local service representative to dispose of the product ROHDE amp SCHWARZ 1171 0200 52 01 01 Certified Quality System DIN EN ISO 9001 DIN EN 9100 DIN EN ISO 14001 DOS REG NO 001954 OM UM QUALIT TSZERTIFIKAT CERTIFICATE OF QUALITY CERTIFICAT DE QUALIT Sehr geehrter Kunde Dear Customer Cher Client Sie haben sich fur den Kauf eines you have decided to buy a Rohde amp vous avez choisi d acheter
122. posici n a radiaciones Tenga en cuenta que en caso de incendio pueden desprenderse del producto sustancias t xicas gases l quidos etc que pueden generar da os a la salud Por eso en caso de incendio deben usarse medidas adecuadas como p ej m scaras antig s e indumentaria de protecci n En caso de que un producto Rohde amp Schwarz contenga un producto l ser p ej un lector de CD DVD no debe usarse ninguna otra configuraci n o funci n aparte de las descritas en la documentaci n del producto a fin de evitar lesiones p ej debidas a irradiaci n l ser Reparaci n y mantenimiento 1 El producto solamente debe ser abierto por personal especializado con autorizaci n para ello Antes de manipular el producto o abrirlo es obligatorio desconectarlo de la tensi n de alimentaci n para evitar toda posibilidad de choque el ctrico El ajuste el cambio de partes el mantenimiento y la reparaci n deber n ser efectuadas solamente por electricistas autorizados por Rohde amp Schwarz Si se reponen partes con importancia para los aspectos de seguridad p ej el enchufe los transformadores o los fusibles solamente podr n ser sustituidos por partes originales Despu s de cada cambio de partes relevantes para la seguridad deber realizarse un control de seguridad control a primera vista control del conductor de protecci n medici n de resistencia de aislamiento medici n de la corriente de fuga control de funcionam
123. pper right corner Ref 655219 GHz 1 954 dB Whe 6 085307 GHz 0 160 dB ihr 2 779 20254 MHz 0 521 dE The list contains the following information Mkr 1 Mkr2 denote the marker numbers Markers are displayed with the same color as the associated trace The marker coordinates are expressed in one of the marker formats selected via Marker Format The formats of the markers assigned to a trace are independent of each other and of the trace format settings The active marker has a dot placed in front of the marker line A A sign placed in front of the marker line indicates that the marker is in Delta Mode Customizing the marker info field To change the position appearance or contents of the marker info field use one of the following methods e Double click the info field to open the Marker Properties dialog with extended settings for all markers of the active trace Select the options in the Show Info panel to customize the information in the info field Active Trace Only Stimulus Info Off e Right click the info field to open a context menu providing frequently used marker settings e To change the position of the marker info field select Movable Marker Info from the context menu Drag and drop the info field to any position in the active diagram area To change the format of the active marker select Mkr Format To express the coordinates of the active marker relative to the reference marker activate the Delta Mode e O
124. put test port of the DUT no reflection matched input whereas the outer circumference Gul 1 represents a totally reflected signal 10 Circles of equal magnitude Voltage reflection Short circuited load Z 0 A Voltage reflection Open circuited ge load Z infinity OO Radial lines of equal phase angle St 90 Matching impedance Z Z EN SW Examples for definite magnitudes and phase angles e The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of an open circuit Z infinity 0 is one its phase is zero AAA A Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 82 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts e The magnitude of the reflection coefficient of a short circuit Z 0 U 0 is one its phase is 1 80 3 1 7 4 Smith Chart The Smith chart is a circular diagram that maps the complex reflection coefficients Si to normalized impedance values In contrast to the polar diagram the scaling of the diagram is not linear The grid lines correspond to points of constant resistance and reactance e Points with the same resistance are located on circles e Points with the same reactance produce arcs The following example shows a Smith chart with a marker used to display the stimulus value the complex impedance Z R j X and the equivalent inductance L see marker format description in the help system smith 0 20 Ret 1 U abr 1 2 000000 GHz 16 478 O j 480 0 515 63
125. r Reflection Measurements In order to prepare a reflection measurement you have to connect your DUT which is assumed to have a male N 50 Q connector to one of the equivalent analyzer test ports Besides it is recommended to preset the instrument in order to set it to a definite Known state Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 43 R amp S ZVL a e fe Getting Started Reflection Measurements Proceed as described in section Starting the Analyzer and Shutting Down in Chapter 1 to switch on the instrument and start the NWA application Connect the input port of your DUT to test port 1 of the network analyzer Press the PRESET key in the upper left corner of the front panel to perform a factory preset of the analyzer The analyzer is now set to its default state The default measured quantity is the transmission S parameter Gau This quantity is zero in the current test setup so the trace shows the noise level Parameter and Sweep Range Selection After preset the display shows a diagram with a dB Mag scale The sweep range scale of the horizontal axis is equal to the maximum frequency range of the analyzer and the S parameter S42 is selected as a measurement parameter To obtain information about the reflection characteristics of your DUT you have to select an appropriate measurement parameter and specify the sweep range CENTER SPAN SCALE 1 Press the CENTER function key to the
126. r fuse only after consulting with the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies 7 Do not insert the plug into sockets that are dusty or dirty Insert the plug firmly and all the way into the socket Otherwise sparks that result in fire and or injuries may occur 8 Do not overload any sockets extension cords or connector strips doing so can cause fire or electric shocks 9 For measurements in circuits with voltages Vims gt 30 V suitable measures e g appropriate measuring equipment fusing current limiting electrical separation insulation should be taken to avoid any hazards 10 Ensure that the connections with information technology equipment e g PCs or other industrial computers comply with the IEC60950 1 EN60950 1 or IEC61010 1 EN 61010 1 standards that apply in each case 11 Unless expressly permitted never remove the cover or any part of the housing while the product is in operation Doing so will expose circuits and components and can lead to injuries fire or damage to the product 12 If a product is to be permanently installed the connection between the PE terminal on site and the product s PE conductor must be made first before any other connection is made The product may be installed and connected only by a licensed electrician 13 For permanently installed equipment without built in fuses circuit breakers or similar protective devices the supply circuit must be fused in such a way that anyone who
127. r processes the raw measurement data in a sequence of stages in order to obtain the displayed trace The following diagram gives an overview The diagram consists of an upper and a lower part corresponding to the data processing stages for the entire channel and for the individual traces All stages in the diagram are configurable All stages are described in detail in Chapter 4 of the help system GUI Reference AAA AS Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 64 Basic Concepts Channel data flow for all traces of the channel OFFSET Ie S Parameters no conv J Y S J S Parameters gt gt Data Access Points 1 2 Import Export Data 3 Apply cal pool data copy to cal pool AVERAGE MATH Trace data flow for individual traces TRACE FORMAT SMOO THING R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts 3 1 4 Navigation Tools of the Screen This section describes the operating concept of the network analyzer including the alternative navigation tools for mouse and hardkey operation the trace settings markers and diagram areas For a description of the different quantities measured by the analyzer refer to the Measured Quantities section The main window of the analyzer provides all control elements for the measurements and contains the diagram areas for the results There are several alternative ways to access an instrument function e Using the menus and submenus of the menu bar pro
128. ral Setup More Monitor Int Ext softkey to display the screen contents on the external monitor To display the screen contents on the R amp S ZVL and on the external monitor simultaneously proceed as follows 1 Connect an external keyboard to the instrument and press CTRL ESC to access the operating system 2 On the right side of the task bar click the monitor icon 3 Select Graphics Options Output To Intel R Dual Display Clone Monitor Digital Display Intrument control from the external monitor With an additional mouse or keyboard connected to the analyzer you can control the measurement from the external monitor If desired press SETUP General Setup More Soft Frontpanel to add the soft frontpanel front panel key emulation to the analyzer screen 1 6 5 Connecting a LAN Cable ALAN cable can be connected to the LAN connector on the rear panel of the analyzer To establish a LAN connection proceed as follows 1 Refer to section Assigning an IP Address and learn how to avoid connection errors 2 Connect an appropriate LAN cable to the LAN port Use a commercial RJ 45 cable to establish a non dedicated network connection or a cross over RJ 45 cable to establish a dedicated connection between the analyzer and a single PC Dedicated vs non dedicated network connections There are two methods to establish a LAN connection of the analyzer e Anon dedicated network Ethernet connectio
129. ram area is clicked or anew menu command is activated Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 79 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts 3 1 7 Display Formats and Diagram Types A display format defines how the set of complex measurement points is converted and displayed in a diagram The display formats in the Trace Format menu use the following basic diagram types e Cartesian rectangular diagrams are used for all display formats involving a conversion of the measurement data into a real scalar quantity i e for dB Mag Phase Group Delay SWR Lin Mag Real Imag and Unwrapped Phase e Polar diagrams are used for the display format Polar and show a complex quantity as a vector in a single trace e Smith charts are used for the display format Smith and show vector like polar diagrams but with grid lines of constant real and imaginary part of the impedance e Inverted Smith charts are used for the display format Inverted Smith and show vector like polar diagrams but with grid lines of constant real and imaginary part of the admittance Trace formats and measured quantities The analyzer allows arbitrary combinations of display formats and measured quantities Trace Meas Nevertheless in order to extract useful information from the data it is important to select a display format which is appropriate to the analysis of a particular measured quantity see Measured Quantities and Display Formats 3 1 7 1 Cartesian
130. rmation refer to the reference description on the graphical user interface GUI Reference in the online help system 3 1 Basic Concepts The analyzer provides a variety of functions to perform a particular measurement and to customize and optimize the evaluation of results To ensure that the instrument resources are easily accessible and that user defined configurations can be conveniently implemented stored and reused the instrument uses a hierarchy of structures e Global resources can be used for all measurements irrespective of the current measurement session or setup e A setup comprises a set of diagram areas with all displayed information that can be stored to a setup file e The diagram areas show traces which are assigned to channels See section Traces Channels and Diagram Areas Setup2 2vx Diag Area 1 Diag Area 2 Diag Area 1 Diag Area 2 Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 61 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts 3 1 1 Global Resources The analyzer provides global settings that are mostly hardware related and can be used for all measurements irrespective of the current measurement session or setup The settings are stored in independent files and do not enter into any of the setup files The following settings correspond to global resources Calibration kits Connector types Cal pool data including system error correction and power correction data Color schemes The data related to global reso
131. ront Panel Tour EMI conformity cable length For maintaining the EMI conformity of the R amp S ZVL only appropriate USB accessories may be used Passive connecting USB cables should not exceed 4 m in length Use the original USB connecting cable or another high quality cable The maximum current per USB port is 500 mA 1 1 10 PROBE POWER Connector for supply voltages of 15 V to 12 V and ground for active probes and preamplifiers A maximum current of 140 mA is available This connector is suitable as power supply for high impedance probes from Agilent R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Rear Panel Tour 1 2 Rear Panel Tour This section gives an overview of the rear panel controls and connectors of the network analyzer a E O D e POWER 0 28 V WM IF VIDEO ocxo SENSOR NOISE SOURCE CONTROL DUT O O EER dot Ji ne AN EXT TRIGGER EXT REF ATE IN GATE 190 240 V 50 60 Hz gt kay E 100 120 50 400 Hz MO e max 160 VA 5 VW SN EA TUE 4 y gd A US ur gt HIR IEC 127 T 3 15 H 250 V e NO AUTO MDIX D The following rear panel connectors require special attention e The fuse protected mains connector in the lower left corner is used to connect the analyzer to the AC power supply see Power on and off e The DC power supply connector and the Battery Pack are alternatives for the AC power supply via the mains connector see DC Power Supply and Battery e LAN is used
132. s and rechargeable batteries cells If the information regarding batteries and rechargeable batteries cells is not observed either at all or to the extent necessary product users may be exposed to the risk of explosions fire and or serious personal injury and in some cases death Batteries and rechargeable batteries with alkaline electrolytes e g lithium cells must be handled in accordance with the EN 62133 standard 1 2 Cells must not be taken apart or crushed Cells or batteries must not be exposed to heat or fire Storage in direct sunlight must be avoided Keep cells and batteries clean and dry Clean soiled connectors using a dry clean cloth Cells or batteries must not be short circuited Cells or batteries must not be stored in a box or in a drawer where they can short circuit each other or where they can be short circuited by other conductive materials Cells and batteries must not be removed from their original packaging until they are ready to be used Keep cells and batteries out of the hands of children If a cell or a battery has been swallowed seek medical aid immediately Cells and batteries must not be exposed to any mechanical shocks that are stronger than permitted If a cell develops a leak the fluid must not be allowed to come into contact with the skin or eyes If contact occurs wash the affected area with plenty of water and seek medical aid Improperly replacing or charging cells or batteries that conta
133. s contenidas en la documentaci n del producto La eliminaci n incorrecta de sustancias peligrosas o combustibles puede causar da os a la salud o da os al medio ambiente 1171 0000 42 05 00 Page 12 1171 0300 41 Kundeninformation zur Batterieverordnung BattV Dieses Gerat enthalt eine schadstoffhaltige Batterie Diese darf nicht mit dem Hausmull entsorgt werden Nach Ende der Lebensdauer darf die Entsorgung nur uber eine Rohde amp Schwarz Kundendienststelle oder eine geeig nete Sammelstelle erfolgen Safety Regulations for Batteries according to BattV This equipment houses a battery containing harmful sub stances that must not be disposed of as normal household waste After its useful life the battery may only be disposed of at a Rohde amp Schwarz service center or at a suitable depot Normas de Seguridad para Bater as Seg n BattV Este equipo lleva una bater a que contiene sustancias per judiciales que no se debe desechar en los contenedores de basura dom sticos Despu s de la vida til la bater a s lo se podr eliminar en un centro de servicio de Rohde amp Schwarz o en un dep sito apropiado Consignes de s curit pour batteries selon BattV Cet appareil est quip d une pile comprenant des sub stances nocives Ne jamais la jeter dans une poubelle pour ordures m nag res Une pile usag e doit uniquement tre limin e par un cen tre de service client de Rohde amp Schwarz ou
134. s the most commonly used setup and function keys of the analyzer Clicking a key symbol executes the action of the corresponding key Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 69 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts The front panel key bar provides access to the basic groups of settings with a single mouse click It is particularly useful if the analyzer is controlled with a mouse or via Remote Desktop Alternatively the settings are accessible from the menus of the menu bar or from the softkey bar The front panel key bar is hidden by default to gain screen space for the diagram areas 3 1 4 5 Status Bar The status bar Setup Display Config shows the statistics for the sweep average if sweep average is on the progress of the sweep a symbol for the current power supply option AC DC battery battery low and the control mode of the analyzer LOCAL or REMOTE Chi In LOCAL Durina sweep initialization the progress bar for the sweep is replaced by a Preparing SWEEP symbol During the first sweep after a change of the channel settings an additional red asterisk symbol appears chi Mama You can hide the status bar and gain screen space for the diagram areas 3 1 5 Display Elements in the Diagram Area The central part of the screen is occupied by one or several diagram areas Diagram Areas A diagram area is a rectangular portion of the screen used to display traces Diagram areas are arranged in
135. shown above Typical data provide an approximate description of a calibration kit mode To import the actual accurate data of your kit press Import Kit and select the appropriate cal kit file xi Blest gt Measured Standards 1 of 1 Port1 N 500 ff 4 Short m 0 Hz 18 GHz in Zv 221 typ Ej M Show Measurement Diagram V Keep Measurement Data tor gt Repeat Previous Cal lt lt Back Apply Cancel Help The next dialog of the calibration wizard shows that only a single calibration standard needs to be measured 5 Click the box Short m to initiate the measurement of the connected short standard The analyzer performs a calibration sweep and displays a message Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 46 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Reflection Measurements box with a progress bar After completing the sweep the analyzer generates a short sound and a green checkmark appears in the checkbox 6 Click Apply to close the wizard calculate and store the system error correction data and apply them to the current measurement 7 Remove the short standard and connect the DUT again 2 1 4 Evaluation of Data The analyzer provides various tools to optimize the display and analyze the measurement data For instance you can use markers determine the maximum of the reflection coefficient and change the display format to obtain information about the phase shift of the reflected wave and the impeda
136. sing the keys on the front panel Connecting a Keyboard A keyboard can be connected to one of the Universal Serial Bus connectors on the front panel The keyboard is detected automatically when it is connected The default input language is English US It is safe to connect or disconnect the external keyboard during the measurement E Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 30 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Connecting External Accessories Keyboard configuration O Use the Start Control Panel Keyboard or Regional and Language Options menu of Windows XP to configure the keyboard properties To access Windows XP press SETUP General Setup More Open Start Menu or connect an external keyboard and press CTRL ESC Operating the analyzer does not require a keyboard You can access all essential functions using the keys on the front panel In combination with a mouse the front panel keys provide access to all instrument functions 1 6 3 Connecting a Printer A printer can be connected to one of the Universal Serial Bus connectors on the front panel It is safe to connect or disconnect the printer during the measurement When printing a copy PRINT the analyzer checks whether a printer is connected and turned on and whether the appropriate printer driver is installed If required printer driver installation is initiated using Windows XP s Add Printer Wizard The wizard is self explanatory A printer driver
137. supplied the power on off key switches between the following states In the switched off state both LEDs are off The analyzer is completely disconnected from the power supply The instrument is re started using the mains power switch on the rear panel In standby state the right amber LED is on The standby power only supplies the power switch circuits the optional oven quartz OCXO 10 MHz reference oscillator option ZVL B4 order no 1164 1757 02 the battery option NIMH Battery Pack R amp S FSL B31 and the fan The network adapter remains active too The power consumption of the R amp S ZVL is much reduced In this state it is safe to switch off the AC power and disconnect the instrument from the power supply In ready state the left green LED is on indicating that all modules are power supplied After performing its startup procedure the analyzer is ready for operation The SETUP gt More gt Shutdown Off Standby softkey determines the behavior of the power on off key In the default setting Shutdown Off the standby state is blocked The power on off key switches the R amp S ZVL from ready to off state Use this instrument configuration if you want to avoid any power consumption while you do not use your instrument If Shutdown Standby is selected you can use the power on off key to toggle between standby and ready state Use this configuration if you want to be able to resume your measurements quickly avoiding t
138. t e While the R amp S ZVL is switched off press the power on off key to initiate the startup procedure until the R amp S ZVL enters its ready state The left green LED is on e While the R amp S ZVL is switched on ready press the power on off key to switch the analyzer off Both LEDs are off When using the DC power supply or battery note the safety instructions below Please also refer to the detailed information about DC Power Supply and the Battery Pack Battery low The battery symbol in the status bar changes to battery low when the battery needs to be charged At the same time a message box is displayed where you can either shut down the instrument or continue measuring Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 26 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Putting the Instrument into Operation DC power supply The power supply SELV that is used must fulfill the requirements for reinforced double insulation for main supply circuits in accordance to DIN EN IEC 61010 UL 61010B 1 CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 or DIN EN IEC 60950 UL 1950 CSA C22 2 No 950 It is recommended to fuse the DC power supply appropriately Before switching on the instrument check the connection for correct polarity 1 3 12 Battery pack The power supply that is used must fulfill the requirements for reinforced double insulation for main supply circuits in accordance to DIN EN IEC 61010 UL 61010B 1 CSA C22 2 No 1010 1 or DIN EN IEC 60950 UL 1950 CSA C2
139. the analyzer for the first time General safety instructions Before turning on the instrument please make sure that the following conditions are fulfilled e Instrument covers are in place and all fasteners are tightened e Fan openings are free from obstructions e Signal levels at the input connectors are all within the specified maxima e Signal outputs are correctly connected and not overloaded e The instrument is dry and shows no condensation Non observance may cause damage to the instrument Unpacking the Instrument and Checking the Shipment The instrument is shipped together with its mandatory accessories in a cardboard box In order to unpack its contents proceed as follows 1 Open the cardboard box 2 Remove the accessories packed into the box and take the instrument out of the packaging 3 Check the shipment against the list of accessories to ensure that all items are included 4 Remove the two protective caps from the front and rear and carefully inspect the analyzer to make sure that it was not damaged during shipment lt gt Should the instrument be damaged immediately notify the forwarder who shipped the instrument to you and keep the container and packing material Equipment returned or sent in for repair must be packed in the original container or packing with electrostatic protection It is recommended to keep at least the two protective caps for front and rear side in order to prevent damag
140. though a mouse and external keyboard simplify the operation of the instrument you can access all essential functions using the keys on the front panel The following examples are intended to make you familiar with front panel key operation To Access a Particular Menu Command HESE 1 Press the MENU key to the left of the display to access the menu i bar and open the Nwa File menu 2 Use the keys in the NAVIGATION keypad or the rotary knob to navigate between and within the menus e Use the Cursor Left and Cursor Right keys to change between the different menus in the menu bar When the first option in a pull down menu is a submenu the submenu will be opened first before proceeding to the next option in the menu bar Nwa File Trace Channel Nwa Setup Help e Use the Cursor Up and Cursor Down keys to scroll up and down in a menu Trace gt PH Marker Marker V Meas H Format Scale Lines ENTER the Cursor Right key or the rotary knob if pressed expand a submenu open a dialog or initiate an action depending on the selected command type ESC CANCEL or the Cursor Left key compress the current submenu and move the cursor one menu level up or close the active dialog depending on the selected softkey type Operating manual 1303 6538 62 05 50 R amp S ZVL Getting Started Basic Tasks Expand Compress Trace gt Marker gt Marker Py Marker 1 a Activate
141. tos en el producto y o puede causar choques el ctricos fuego o lesiones Salvo indicaci n contraria los productos no est n impermeabilizados ver tambi n el cap tulo Estados operativos y posiciones de funcionamiento punto 1 Por eso es necesario tomar las medidas necesarias para evitar la entrada de l quidos En caso contrario existe peligro de choque el ctrico para el usuario o de da os en el producto que tambi n pueden redundar en peligro para las personas No utilice el producto en condiciones en las que pueda producirse o ya se hayan producido condensaciones sobre el producto o en el interior de ste como p ej al desplazarlo de un lugar fr o a otro caliente La entrada de agua aumenta el riesgo de choque el ctrico Antes de la limpieza desconecte por completo el producto de la alimentaci n de tensi n p ej red de alimentaci n o bater a Realice la limpieza de los aparatos con un pa o suave que no se deshilache No utilice bajo ning n concepto productos de limpieza qu micos como alcohol acetona o diluyentes para lacas nitrocelul sicas Funcionamiento 1 2 3 4 El uso del producto requiere instrucciones especiales y una alta concentraci n durante el manejo Debe asegurarse que las personas que manejen el producto est n a la altura de los requerimientos necesarios en cuanto a aptitudes f sicas ps quicas y emocionales ya que de otra manera no se pueden excluir lesiones o da os de objetos El
142. trument e g solvent containing cleaning agents may damage the front panel labeling or plastic parts Never use cleaning agents such as solvents thinners acetone etc acids bases or other substances The address of our support center and a list of useful contact addresses can be found on the Contact page 1 4 1 Storing and Packing The network analyzer can be stored at the temperature range quoted in the data sheet When it is stored for a longer period of time the instrument should be protected against dust The original packing should be used particularly the protective caps at the front and rear when the instrument is to be transported or dispatched If the original packing is no longer available use a sturdy cardboard box of suitable size and carefully wrap the instrument to protect it against mechanical damage Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 06 28 R amp S ZVL Preparing for Use Starting and Shutting down the Analyzer 1 5 Starting and Shutting down the Analyzer To start the analyzer proceed as follows e f you use the AC power supply make sure that the instrument is connected to the mains supply and switch the power switch on the rear panel to position On e f you use the DC power supply make sure that the instrument is connected and press the power on off key on the front panel The analyzer automatically performs a system check boots the Windows XP operating system and then starts the analyzer NWA
143. ts change At the same time the instrument adjusts its remote control command set to the functionality of the selected operating mode AAA E Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 98 R amp S ZVL System Overview AS A 28 l Optional R amp S ZVL Extensions While a particular measurement mode is active the functionality of the other modes is generally not available The same applies to the remote control commands Basic instrument functions i e the softkeys associated with the FILE SETUP PRINT and MODE front panel keys and the related commands are available in all operating modes The R amp S ZVL options listed below are described in detail in the reference chapters of the NWA help system NWA options or in the separate SAN help system SAN options For a complete list of options accessories and extras refer to the R amp S ZVL product brochure Option Option Type Functionality ZVL K2 NWA option Transformation of the trace to time domain in order to analyze the impulse Distance to Fault response and locate faults and discontinuities on cables ZVL K3 NWA option Transformation of the trace to time domain in order to analyze responses Time Domain transformation back to the frequency domain ZVL K1 SAN option Basis spectrum analyzer functions providing the frequency spectrum of the Spectrum Analysis measurement mode measured RF signal The option also provides a wide range of pre configured power measurements FSL B6 SAN option TV
144. un produit Rohde 8 Schwarz Produktes ent Schwarz product You are thus as Rohde 8 Schwarz Vous disposez schieden Hiermit erhalten Sie ein sured of receiving a product that is donc d un produit fabriqu d apr s les nach modernsten Fertigungsme manufactured using the most modern m thodes les plus avanc es Le thoden hergestelltes Produkt Es methods available This product was d veloppement la fabrication et les wurde nach den Regeln unseres developed manufactured and tested tests respectent nos normes de ges Managementsystems entwickelt in compliance with our quality mana tion qualit gefertigt und gepr ft gement system standards Le syst me de gestion qualit de Das Rohde amp Schwarz Management The Rohde amp Schwarz quality Rohde amp Schwarz a t homologu system ist zertifiziert nach management system is certified conform ment aux normes according to DIN EN ISO 9001 2000 DIN EN ISO 9001 2000 DIN EN ISO 9001 2000 DIN EN 9100 2003 DIN EN 9100 2003 DIN EN 9100 2003 DIN EN ISO 14001 2004 DIN EN ISO 14001 2004 DIN EN ISO 14001 2004 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ 1171 0200 11 03 00 PD 5213 8744 99 V 01 00 May 2007 Customer Support Technical support where and when you need it For quick expert help with any Rohde amp Schwarz equipment contact one of our Customer Support Centers A team of highly qualified engineers provides telephone support and will work with you to find a solution to your query on any aspect o
145. urces are not affected by a Preset of the analyzer However it is possible to delete or reset global resource data using the Resets tab in the System Config dialog 3 1 1 1 Setups A setup comprises a set of diagram areas with all displayed information that can be stored to a NWA setup file nwa and reused Each setup is displayed in an independent window The setup file contains the following information General settings related to the setup The trace settings for all traces in the diagram areas The channel settings for all channels associated to the traces The display settings for each diagram area The Nwa File menu is used to organize setups Demo setups In the System External Tools submenu you can find demo setups vbs for various measurement scenarios You can modify the demo setups and store them to a nwa file for later use 3 1 2 Traces Channels and Diagram Areas The analyzer arranges displays or stores the measured data in traces which are assigned to channels and displayed in diagram areas To understand the menu structure of the instrument and quickly find the appropriate settings it is important to understand the exact meaning of the three terms e Atrace is a set of data points that can be displayed together in a diagram area The trace settings specify the mathematical operations used in order to obtain traces from the measured or stored data and to display them e A channel contains hardware related
146. vides all settings e Using the softkeys of the softkey bar alternative to the previous method e Using the hardkey bar preselection of the most important menus pes NweFie Trace Cherel Nwa Sabup Help E SC Jaj xj Freq Span Se Ss Color Freq SCheme Ei awl Sweep T ia Hess Line o Trace SES Tre R do Mag 5 dB Ref 15 dB 1 ehdkr 1 5 207500 GHz 26 142 dB Fontsize Limits Chi Center 5 25 GHz Pwr 10 dBm span 500 MHz Po C E ae e Refer to section Display Elements to obtain information about the results in the diagram area e Refer to section Display Menu in the reference chapter and learn how to customize the screen 3 1 4 1 Menu Bar All analyzer functions are arranged in drop down menus The menu bar is located across the top of the diagram area C Nwa File Trace Channel Nwa Setup Help Menus can be controlled in different ways Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 66 R amp S ZVL System Overview Basic Concepts e With a mouse like the menus in any Windows application A left mouse click expands a menu or submenu If a menu command has no submenu assigned a left mouse click opens a dialog or directly activates the menu command Using the front panel keys With a combination of the previous methods using the hardkey bar front panel key bar activated via Setup Display Config Front Panel Keys The active menu is the menu containing the last executed command When y
147. y R amp S ZV Z5x Storing system error correction data The system error correction data determined in a calibration procedure is stored on the analyzer You can read this correction data using the remote control command SENSe lt Ch gt CORRection CDATa You can also replace the correction data of the analyzer by your own correction data sets A label Cal Off appears behind the trace list if the system error correction no longer applies to one or more traces db Mag 10d6f RefUde Cal Off db Mag 10d6f RefOdB al Off This may happen for the one of the following reasons The sweep range is outside the calibrated frequency range The channel calibration is not sufficient for the measured quantity e g a one port calibration has been performed but the measured quantity is a transmission parameter e The system error correction has been switched off deliberately Correction Off Quick Start Guide 1303 6538 62 01 93 R amp S ZVL System Overview Calibration Overview 3 3 1 Calibration Standards and Calibration Kits A calibration kit is a set of physical calibration standards for a particular connector type The magnitude and phase response of the calibration standards i e their S parameters must be known or predictable within a given frequency range The standards are grouped into several types open through match corresponding to the different input quantities for the analyzer s error models The standard t
148. you have any questions regarding these safety instructions the Rohde amp Schwarz group of companies will be happy to answer them Furthermore it is your responsibility to use the product in an appropriate manner This product is designed for use solely in industrial and laboratory environments or if expressly permitted also in the field and must not be used in any way that may cause personal injury or property damage You are responsible if the product is used for any intention other than its designated purpose or in disregard of the manufacturer s instructions The manufacturer shall assume no responsibility for such use of the product The product is used for its designated purpose if it is used in accordance with its product documentation and within its performance limits see data sheet documentation the following safety instructions Using the product requires technical skills and a basic knowledge of English It is therefore essential that only skilled and specialized staff or thoroughly trained personnel with the required skills be allowed to use the product If personal safety gear is required for using Rohde amp Schwarz products this will be indicated at the appropriate place in the product documentation Keep the basic safety instructions and the product documentation in a safe place and pass them on to the subsequent users Observing the safety instructions will help prevent personal injury or damage of any kind caused by dangerous
149. ype also determines the equivalent circuit model used to describe its properties The circuit model depends on several parameters that are stored in the cal kit file associated with the calibration kit As an alternative to using circuit models it is possible to describe the standards by means of S parameter tables stored in a file The analyzer provides a large number of predefined cal kits but can also import cal kit files and create new kits e A selection of predefined kits is available for all connector types The parameters of these kits are displayed in the Add Modify Standards dialog however it is not possible to change or delete the kits e Imported and user defined kits can be changed in the Calibration Kits dialog and Its various sub dialogs Calibration kits and connector types are global resources the parameters are stored independently and are available irrespective of the current setup 3 3 2 Calibration Types The analyzer provides a wide range of calibration types for one two or more ports The calibration types differ in the number and types of standards used the error terms e the type of systematic errors corrected and the general accuracy The following table gives an overview Calibration Type Standards Parameters Error Terms General Application Accuracy Reflection Open or Short S411 Reflection Low to Reflection measurements on Normalization or S22 tracking medium any port Transmission Through S1

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