Appliance Repair - Workforce Development
Contents
1. statements and re ceipts from each company in separate envelopes or folders Then in case of disputes you can look up any transaction very quickly A cancelled check written to the particular company on the date in question is posi tive proof that the account was paid Your Career in Appliance Repair 9 Stock Records You should keep a stock record of all parts Make a card for each parts bin Every time a part is removed from or added to a bin it should be noted on the card At any time merely running through the cards will tell you how many of each part you have on hand and what parts you should order Service Card Records An appliance technician should make regular use of service card rec ords A sample card is shown in Figure 3 It should be properly filled out when an appliance is sold to the customer if the technician also sells appliances or when a service job is performed on an appliance A file of such service cards provides a permanent record of all service customers and of all appliances sold or serviced The service card should show an exact record of the transaction Not only does this serve as a point of reference but the card also provides you with a prospect for future service or appliance sales In addition the card may show whether an appliance needing repair is still in the warranty or guarantee period UNIT GUAR EXPIRES NAME OF CUSTOMER APT NO CABINET GUAR EXPIRES NAME OF ITEM WASHER S2. ERMS Net Cash on Completion of Work When the job is finished fill in the rest of the form List the name and the price of every part used the labour charge and any taxes In many areas you will be responsible for collecting these taxes and paying them to the government at the end of the month Sometimes the tax applies only to materials parts and sometimes to both materials and labour Find out what the tax laws are for your own location This is important Your Career in Appliance Repair When the appliance is delivered or picked up the customer gets the original form if the charges are paid Mark the bill Paid and add your initials and the date of payment Keep a copy of the service work order form for your records especially for tax purposes Also the dated and signed bill helps to prevent misunderstandings about the date of repair the warranty and other such items Retumed Material and Wananty Forms Record Keeping Whenever a part fails within the warranty or guarantee period the part must be returned to the factory properly tagged with the warranty accurately filled out Unless this is done in the prescribed manner you are not likely to get proper credit from the factory Each manufacturer has his own instructions and forms Follow the instructions carefully to avoid losing money because the part was not properly identified Since detailed tax reports are required of everyone in business today
3. Excerpt from Your Careerin Appliance Repair Jack Darr Revised By Robert L Cecci Technical Writer Preview The following is a sample excerpt from a study unit converted into the Adobe Acrobat format A sample online exam is available for this excerpt The sample text which is from the Appliance Repair program examines the work habits that you will need as a professional technician It details how to start your own business and keep it prosperous Specifically this excerpt covers information on how to arrange your shop Shop organization is important in creating a safe and efficient work area Also included is information on tools safety and various forms that will be required to maintain records in your shop After reading through the following material feel free to take the sample exam based on this excerpt TOUR SHOP a a A AA A A A AA 1 Shop Layout oo oa aa a A a A A a 1 VIDIKDENCA lt lt A 3 Senice Data AAA AS AR AAA AAA a 4 Esential Pob a O A A OA 5 A OE 6 Service Work Ordersand TagS lt lt lt lt lt 7 Retumed Material and Wananty POMS lt lt 8 RECON Keeping iio AAA ae 8 EXAMINATION Your Career in Appliance Repair YOUR SHOP Shop Layout Your shop and its equipment are very important If you set the shop up properly you will be able to do your work easily and rapidly The faster a given job is done the more you can earn on it Here are some sug
4. TREET ADDRESS DATE OF PHONE REFG RADIO REFG STOVE lt i coun AA ISSUED CABINET MODEL SERVICE RECORD OF MECHANICAL MDSE SERIAL Nr SERIAL NO NUMBER DATE at TIME SERVICE REQUEST CHARGE TROUBLE FOUND REPAIRS MADE RECEIVED ASSIGNED COMPLETE NUMBER MADE FILL IN A CARD FOR EACH APPLIANCE SOLD AMD FILE BY APPLIANCE AND BY NAME FIGURE 3 A service call form like the one shown here is used to record both service calls and appliance sales Courtesy McGraw Hill Book Company Inc
5. accurate record keeping is essential This is easy if you use the right kind of forms Complete records will also tell you exactly how much you are taking in how much you are paying out and how much you are actually earning from your shop At the end of each business day fill out forms indicating finished work and enter the totals of each job in a ledger Enter the customer s name on the center line the labour charges on one side of the page and the parts charges on the other By adding up these two columns of figures at the end of each month you will know exactly how much you have taken in for labour and parts during that month Since these totals are needed for tax reports of all kinds keep them up to date and accurate Expense Records Just as important as income records are expense records You must know how much it costs you to do business So using another ledger make up separate pages for each kind of expense Record every cent you pay out for anything connected with the business These expenses are normally all deductible from your income when you prepare your in come tax return Typical expenses are light heat gas water telephone advertising and delivery expenses If you use your own car for deliveries you can deduct the upkeep on the car as a business expense on a mileage or percentage basis Always keep accurate records of your parts purchases from every one of your suppliers It is a very good idea to file invoices
6. binet drawers can be divided into compartments of any size Each drawer should be plainly labeled with the names of the parts it contains Service Data Your Career in Appliance Repair To be able to work on modern appliances you must have up to date service data The only reliable source for such data is the company which made the appliance You can obtain a yearly subscription to these data for a small fee and the service data will be mailed to you monthly or at intervals of several months In addition once you are a subscriber you will get service bulletins whenever they are issued Service bulletins are information packets that show remedies for design flaws or product flaws However you may obtain these data from distributors for the various manufacturers or from larger dealers nearby Their names will be in the Yellow Pages of your telephone book Arrange to get the service manuals for the most popular appliance models in your area Keep your files up to date When a mailing of service data comes in file it immediately in its proper place In that way you will always have the needed information at your fingertips without wasting time looking for it When setting up the shop make sure that you arrange your service manuals in a bookshelf or filing space close to your workbench Binders for service data and file cabinets for manuals are also available A good reference library of service manuals from the appliance manufac turers
7. collapsing The top of the bench should have an overhang at both the front and the sides for fastening a vise or a bench grinder and for clamping small appliances to the lip of the bench The bench should also be well lighted It should have electrical outlets for plugging in test equipment soldering irons and measuring instruments and it should have a master switch Always use a cloth pad when you work on small highly polished appli ances Hang the pad on a hook near the bench Keep a small brush on the bench When you finish a job brush off all the litter into a wastebasket plain wooden stool and a small wooden box for a footrest will help you to be more comfortable at the bench A shelf across the back of the bench is very useful for holding service manuals electrical test equipment small tools and general replacement parts such as line cords and plugs You can build wooden storage drawers under the bench for tools not used on every job such as wrenches large soldering irons electric drills and similar items Put these drawers where you can reach them easily without moving too far but be sure that they do not interfere with legroom under the bench For storage of other replacement parts build a set of wider shelves at one or both ends of the workbench Larger parts can be stored in their original boxes with the labels showing Small parts can be stored in steel or plastic cabinets which are available in many sizes Ca
8. erforming the repair Long term exposure to a microwave oven s energy can be particularly damaging to your health Your Career in Appliance Repair 7 Service Work Orders and Tags When any appliance is brought into your shop it must be instantly tagged not only for identification but also for your own protection Business forms such as the form shown in Figure 2 are available bound in books and numbered These forms are usually made with an original and two copies each in a different colour paper When an appliance comes in fill out this service work order form recording the customer s name and address and the make and model of the appliance The actual complaint can also be entered in the space provided Tear off the third copy of the form and give it to the customer as a receipt Tape or tie the original and the first copy firmly to the appliance in such a way that the customer s name can be seen when the unit is on a shelf FIGURE 2 A typical service work order form contains all necessary information about a service call 8 Service Invoice Courtesy McGraw Hill Book HOME ELECTRIC SHOP Company Inc 100 MAIN STREET HOMETOWN 555 1234 No 23278 Date 20 Name Address Product Installation Serial Model Date________No Complaint Work Done Parts Used QUANTITY STYLE No DESCRIPTION EACI Serviceman_______________ Material Date Serviced Labor Hrs at Per Hr Total Charge Customer Signature T
9. ges tions gathered from a number of technicians experienced in appliance repair work If yours is a repair business and not a sales business you will not need a location where people pass by Since you are a repair technician your customers will bring equipment to you when they need you or you will visit them to service the equipment A shop location on a side street or in a spare room a garage or the basement of your home will save you a lot of rent money If you start a shop in your home there may be the advantage of having a member of your family on hand to answer the telephone when you are out on calls Since many customers will contact you by telephone a business listing in the classified section of your telephone directory will be your most profitable method of advertising Advertising will be discussed at greater length later in this text The arrangement or layout of your shop space must be designed for safety and efficiency Set up the shop so that you can do your work with the least amount of wasted motion Keep the tools you use most often near at hand A workshop should be divided into three major areas 1 The working area which includes the workbench itself the space in front of it and the storage for the tools and parts used most often 2 The storage area for replacement parts which should be close enough to the working area to be reached quickly yet far enough away not to interfere with movement around the wor
10. kbench 3 The storage area for appliances which should be divided into two parts One of these is for repaired appliances awaiting delivery This part should be near the outside door for easy loading of the repaired appliances into your vehicle The other part of the storage area should be reserved for appliances to be repaired Your Career in Appliance Repair A suggested workshop layout is shown in Figure 1 No dimensions are given You can change this layout to suit the size and shape of your shop area FIGURE 1 Shown here is an example of an efficient layout for an appliance repair shop STORAGE SHELVES STORAGE SHELVES FOR REPAIRED FOR UNREPAIRED APPLIANCES APPLIANCES SHELVES FOR cull SHELF OVER BENCH Storage space is very important in a shop The appliances themselves will take up most of the storage space Keep in mind that they must be stored for easy access when the owners come to pick them up or when you are ready to deliver them The appliances should never be stacked up on the workbench itself or in any place where they will be in the way when you are working Keep the space around your workbench clean to avoid having to step over or around tools or wires Not only will an uncluttered space keep the shop neat and safe but it will also save you time You can build shelves for the smaller appliances and leave floor space for the larger appliances One often overlooked necessity in creating a shop is protection f
11. ouching a 120 volt wire while standing on a warm air register grounded through the warm air duct and furnace Similarly people standing on a damp basement floor have been killed by 120 volts Naturally it will sometimes be necessary to test an electrical appliance that is connected to the voltage source as for example when making an operating test but you should never disassemble an appliance that is connected to the source Many electrical appliances are grounded Grounding protects the user from danger of shock due to accidental shorting or grounding inside the appliance Special ground leads are often run from the frame or housing of the appliance as those found on a washing machine in a basement for example These ground leads must not be removed Their removal seriously increases shock hazard Just as important as electrical safety is mechanical safety Appliances such as dishwashers garbage disposals and washing machines offer many locations for injury These locations often called pinch points are where your fingers or hands can get caught between moving belts and pulleys blades and so forth Always make sure power is removed from any appliance before working on its mechanical assemblies Always make sure not to expose yourself or others to the energy from the magnetron tube in a microwave oven Make sure all side panels are in place when operating the oven and follow the manufacturer s service instructions exactly while p
12. rom unlawful entry At any given time you might have many expensive appliances in your shop If they are stolen replacement could be expen sive One easy way to protect your shop is to place curtains over each window If you do that no one can see inside thus reducing a thief s temptation to steal the appliances or your tools Your Career in Appliance Repair 3 Workbench A dead bolt lock on the door of your shop is a necessity This type of lock is not easily sprung by placing a bar between the door and the door jam Many inexpensive burglar alarms are also available and are strongly suggested Modern burglar alarms use ultrasonic or thermal sensors to sense the presence of an intruder This type of alarm removes the need for taping each window with conductive foil and removing wall board to place wires within the wall areas Insurance for a workshop is essential Surprisingly contractor type insurance is not very expensive This type of insurance can be tailored to meet your needs For example you can purchase insurance for your shop your technical repairs and your truck or van in one package thereby reducing cost Also if you have installed dead bolts and an alarm system for burglar and fire your insurance premiums for the shop itself will be quite small The workbench itself is very important It must be big enough to hold medium sized appliances with room to spare and sturdy enough to support any kind of repair work without
13. ules throughout your program but here is a short summary of safety hazards and safety measures As an appliance technician you should realize that 120 volts can give you a stiff electrical shock and that 240 volts is really dangerous But here are a few cautions about treating a person who has been shocked into unconsciousness The victim should of course be given artificial respi ration promptly if breathing has stopped However the first step to take must always be to break the electrical connection to the victim Sometimes a person going to the rescue of a shock victim tries to pull the victim clear of the electrical conductor with bare hands This action is exceedingly dangerous since the victim is electrically charged and often the would be rescuer also becomes a victim of electric shock As a result a single tragedy turns into a multiple tragedy instead of one person being killed two or more may die Always pull the plug or use an insulated item to free the victim from the source of power Of course the simplest way to avoid danger is to keep your wits about you when working with electrical equipment and systems Never touch a bare wire or a terminal that might be hot or connected to the circuit without first making sure that the circuit switch is open and the appliance unplugged It is particularly dangerous to touch a hot wire or terminal when standing on a damp floor or a metal grille People have been killed for example by t
14. will be a big help in your work Start building up such a library as soon as you can It is not practical for you to try keeping all needed data in your head so you should know where to look up any information Wherever possible sample data from service manuals are included in these texts to show you how much information these manuals contain For large appliances such as refrigerators dryers and air conditioners these manuals are the only source of reliable information about the locations and types of certain parts in a given model Service data also contain electrical schematics pictorial diagrams and flowcharts to make your troubleshooting fast and efficient When using the manufacturer s service data you can quickly find such items as e How an air conditioner should perform performance chart e How to adjust chain tension on a trash compactor e How the wiring and water lines reach the door of a modern refrig erator e What voltage should be on an SCR silicon controlled rectifier module when the microwave oven is set at power level eight Without a service manual you are basically just guessing With the service manual you have a book of clues to assist you in tracking down the source problems in the appliance Your Career in Appliance Repair Essential Tools Throughout this course many standard tools and special tools have been discussed The use of many specialized electrical testers has also been described If
15. you are just opening your own appliance repair shop you will of course not be able to buy all the tools you want right away Here is a suggested starter set of the tools you are likely to use most Hammer small ball peen e Screwdrivers standard and Phillips in several sizes e Pliers long nose diagonal cutting locking and channel lock Wire stripper and crimp on tool e Wrenches box and open end in sets of different sizes e Socket wrenches in sets of different sizes e Nut drivers small in sets of different sizes e Soldering iron one of 30 watt size and one of 100 watt size also solder and flux e Liguid gas torch propane light duty type e Bench vise small 10 to 15 cm e Electric drill with small set of high speed bits Later on try to acquire specialized tools to speed up your work Put aside a small amount of money each month towards the purchase of such tools If you increase your stock of tools steadily your work will be made easier Buy good quality tools whenever you can Good tools will last longer do better work and so be less expensive in the long run Various appliance manufacturers recommend and will supply special tools for servicing their appliances You should acquire these special service tools from the appliance manufacturers as you see the need for them Safety Your Career in Appliance Repair Once again we remind you of the dangers involved in work with elec tricity You study safety r
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