Developing a good laptop
Contents
1. The name Laptop comes from two words lap and top which is a portable personal computer designed for mobile use and small and light enough to sit on one s lap while in use 8 A modern typical laptop is usually consisting of a display a keyboard a touchpad speakers a camera and a battery Except above visual common components there are some other very important components inside Chipset CPU RAM Hard disk drive Optical disk drive and many I O ports for external device VGA port USB port LAN port and so on Laptops are usually shaped like a large notebook with thicknesses between 0 7 1 5 inches 18 38 mm and dimensions ranging from 10x8 inches 27x22cm 13 display to 15x11 inches 39x28cm 17 display and up Modern laptops weigh 3 to 12 pounds 1 4 to 5 4 kg 8 Figure 3 shows an example of a modern laptop computer Figure 3 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 Laptop 9 3 2 Mainborad and platform There are four main chipset vendors INTEL AMD nVidia and VIA They usually first release their products specification and roadmap before it is really launched to market With new applications and features of their products They compete with each other to let PC vendors to choose their products as new laptop platform When a new laptop product is launched to PC market chipset vendors will launch their new platform at the same month Because Intel has traditionally dominated the chipset market I will only introduce2. Intel and the following two products are both Intel Platform In 2009 Intel s main platform is Montevina which is used on LENOVO IdeaPad Y450 And the next generation platform is Calpella in 2010 which is used on LENOVO IdeaPad Y460 products The codename Montevina refers to the fifth generation Centrino platform now formally named Centrino 2 to avoid confusion with previous Centrino platforms The codename Calpella refers to the sixth generation Centrino platform it will be competing with the AMD Fusion platform But as of November in 2009 the wireless adapters are still not available hinting another possible delay for the platform 10 Based on the current platforms I will introduce each components of laptop Together these components smoothly provide service to end users 3 3 Main components introduction Figure 4 shows the main components of a laptop Each component will be discussed in more details in the following sections Figure 4 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 Laptop MB Placement with main components 11 10 3 3 1 Processing Chipset North amp South bridge GPU The north bridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a PC mother board the other is south bridge Both of them are connected to different interfaces North bridge is usually directly connected to the CPU so it is also called memory controller hub MCH or an integrated memory controller IMC in Intel system The south bridge is also called
3. Start of Volume Production I will show what will happen during the two phase There is a SIT System Integration Test stage before SVT RD team will do a lot of tests to make sure the product quality is good enough before shipping the product to the market So if a product is ready to SVT it must meet below criteria Firstly test is completed and all serious issues are closed Table 6 shows an example of a case in which a driver does not pass Microsoft Windows Hardware Quality Lab test This test is primarily to make sure that the system hardware and hardware driver are stable and compatible with the Windows operating system WHQL test is manda tory if the computer will be shipped with Microsoft Windows operating system Table 6 Lenovo Y460 Software issue data example 8812 WIN7 Wireless 3 BIOS 27CNO1WW Frequent Driver 26 Driver have not Image Win7 gt 10 Bluetooth Wireless passed WHQL 6 1 7600 Build 7600 oftime LAN Wireless 2 warning Wireless Driver intel WAN 13 0 0 92 SKU KL2 UMA Secondly a product engineer must create the BOM Bill of Material for product line to choose the components which are qualified in the development test phase to conti nually verify if it is really ready for manufacturing A whole laptop system consists of a large number of components and component groups and the most important one is the main bone group which is usually called as Shell Group or Bare bone Group Every
4. 0Kg 6cell for UMA 2 1kg 6cell for Dis Dimension Under 336mm x 228mm x 24 34mm Material PC ABS A cover Painting IMF Camera 1 3M Pixels with LED indicator WLAN WiMAX mini PCIe card 802 1 1a b g Intel and non Intel 802 11n MIMO 3x3 ee WWAN mini PCIe card Communication GPS WCDMA TDSCDMA CDMA2000 W SIM card slot 10 100 1000 Giga Ethernet 56K V 92 Fax Modem 16 Bluetooth support K B ISO standard compliant full size 6 row keyboard Pointing Touchpad w Rubber dome buttons LED indicator 6 in 1 Card Reader SD SD pro MMC MS MS Pro xD Speaker 2 0 channel brand speaker with 4 speakers 1394 3USB ESATA RJ 45 VGA HDMI Build in Array T O Ports Microphone Microphone in Headphone out with S PDIF CIR HDMI IHDMI 1 3b and HDCP test certification Software Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 was launced in April 2009 with MS Vista operating system Later in Sep 2009 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 introduce Windows 7 OS to enhance end users experience Besides OS is keeping with the main stream IdeaPad Y450 also use unique applica tion with hardware Slide Bar which it is called Lenovo Slide Nav see Figure 6 SlideBar Figure 6 SlideBar in Lenovo IdeaPad Y650 19 4 2 2 Lenovo IdeaPad Y460 Hardware 17 Lenovo IdeaPad Y460 uses the new Intel chipset of Calpella Arrandale It uses the 14 0 inch 16 9 wide screen because of panel industry main stream To continue to hit end users e
5. and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs 1 Mechanical computers were invented afterwards There are a lot of mechanical com puters were used in early days such as abacus the oldest surviving abacus was used in 300 B C slide rule and arguably the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism which dates from about 150 100BC 2 The first electronic computer of ABC Atanasoff Berry Computer was successfully tested in 1942 and MS DOS Windows appeared since 1980s then it brought us to the high speed development of computers accordingly 3 The fast development was not limited only to the Internet but at the same time the computers themselves have developed extremely fast I would like to give a brief in troduction about its development by two aspects From hardware perspective To save space we got a desktop computer firstly which derived from the huge electric computer Later to make it portable we get a laptop net book tablet PC and also Pocket PC soon Recently to make all portable computers with better performance we got long battery life batteries and advanced graphics even mass storage hard disk and so on From software perspective To make systems to simulate human brain we introduce binary arithmetic and logic formula firstly Later to make the systems easier to use we got sophisticated operating systems like Microsoft Windows Mac OS X Linux Sola ris and FressBSD A major development in user friendlines
6. component has its unique part number only when this component passes all test on this product it could be added to the MP Mass Produce BOM Then the procurement team will buy these parts from the sup plier and the manufacturing team will produce products based on this chart Similarly the service team will store information about different key parts for different projects If any component is added into BOM without qualification by mistake of product en gineer it will bring tremendous disaster for the whole company even bankruptcy if this wrong product is already at end users hand and it has safety issue So it is very serious to add any component in BOM I list in Table 7 one of the sim plest BOM samples for reference Table 7 Lenovo Y460 Shell BOM Level 1 Part Number Descripition Quantity 86 001970 Y460 Shell Group 1 10 69 034957 Y460 MotherBoard HM55 Group 1 20 69 034565 NV VRAM group 1 30 69 xXXXXX 2 5 HDD group 1 40 69 xxxxxx Panel group 1 50 6 2 Improving the products for the manufacturing product line 27 After SVT is closed SOVP will be brought to the product line to verify if it could support mass production Because some defects can only be found when the products amount reach to a certain extent So SOVP is necessary and mandatory SOVP is divided into at least 3 stages First stage The New product introduction team will release the first product order to manufactur
7. data from a CD or DVD etc ODD itself does not storage any data Optical means it uses lenses The drive uses a light called a laser The CD or DVD disk is similar to a mirror and the laser light reflects off it The disk has very small microscopic codes written on it The drive has a very small cam era lens beside the laser which can read the codes Some drives can only read from discs but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders Until now main stream of laptop ODD is DVD RW for rewritable DVDs 18 12 3 3 6 Other main optional ports There is also Wireless LAN placed in above picture Wireless technology is very ma ture and gets very stable environment in many places now so it has become as one of the mandatory function in a current laptop We could see 2 USB ports at the right side of Figure 4 and they connect to the south bridge The current mainstream standard is USB 2 0 and these ports can be used to connect laptop with a lot of external USB devices Besides there is a 6in1 card reader placed near the south bridge Those optional ports are obviously benefits for end users but they will enhance the cost too So this kind of functions are originally optional or additional functions However when end users needs increases and the technology is mature enough op tions will become mandatory features on laptop Adding optional features at the right time offers a PC vendor a possibility to offer value added feature
8. from cus tomers In the next Y series generations it will use Windows 7 to support to market undoubtedly 22 Except the operating system there will be a lot of good applications in Y series prod ucts to give the system stronger performance A traditional application is power man agement which is developed so that end users can select between different battery modes to save battery life The most important thing is that software tools needs to developed and provided to Manufacture and Service centre 5 2 Droped functions from the old generation New products do not only increase new features but also some old features can be droped out The droped features are discussed in this section Hardware Because industry design trend prefers much thinner and lighter products Lenovo must drop some useless functions and less beneficial functions to save more space From Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 to Lenovo IdeaPad Y460 we dropped the I O ports of RJ11 connect to telephone and modem Now we plan to drop New Card or Wireless WAN function in the next Y generation to save more space for Power IC to support higher speed processor to enhance system performance Software To save the power on time we also drop the multimedia effect in BIOS from IdeaPad Y450 It will give end user much better experience because not only the time is long er but also there will be a background music a lot of customers complain it is too loud when they work at o
9. ing team to run 50 100 pieces systems on the product line The product engineer must guarantee that all systems on a laptop can work normally Power on Power off OS basic function Led light right etc If the system works properly the OOBE Out of Box Experience test team will check the accessories such as additional battery power cord is right for different country the user manual language and content is right without any printing mistake service flyers are with the right service information the packing carton is right with all certification labels to meet the supported country s safety and customs requirement The whole process needs 1 5 days Second stage When the first lot runs smoothly then the second lot will be produced The number of produced laptops could reach to 100 250 pieces and the product engineer still needs to guarantee the whole process All the operations are carried out here the same way as in the first phase It needs about 2 5 days After the previous 2 phases there are typically some issues found which must be cla rified before the process can go to the third stage All the issues can be divided into 3 categories 28 The first category is operator workmanship It means improving the operators operat ing skill For example during the system function check time some systems may not power on or some panel show garbage information which may be caused by loosen memory or HDD Even a
10. panel cable can be destroyed or loosen during the assembly process These issues are caused by operator workmanship so the manufacture needs to pay high attention to the weak process and keep monitoring and the following the process It is also possible that the poor workmanship will cause the OOBE test fail because of mixed manuals or accessories in the packing The second category is the component issue As mentioned above workmanship will cause systems work abnormally but sometimes the components connector is so weak that even the most proficient operator cannot assemble a fully functional laptop This kind of issue will be recognized as component weakness and Lenovo quality team will request a vendor to improve the component quality As long as there is no solu tion to the problem the quality team will forbid the use of the component with poor quality The third category is the reliability issue It has a fail rate and the problem can not be duplicated easily For example when 50 laptops run the auto hibernation power on power off automatic test for 4 hours or longer some systems will get blue screen black screen or some systems will hang up Then if the whole lot meets the same issue with the same test program at the very low fail rate maybe less than 1 o or lower some issue could be regard as at the safe level But when for example the blue screen appear at very high fail rate maybe reach to 1 it will stop the manufacturing
11. possible developments of laptops in the future 9 1 Product concept Because portability is one of the most significant features of a laptop they must be small and light Therefore we can imagine totally remove some of the common com ponents from it For example we can consider a laptop without a keyboard just like iPhone has realized it with a touch panel Similarly we can easily get another idea of dropping the panel or screen by adding one little projector bulb to project the screen on a plastic cover It will bring at least 2 advantages to end users First of all the system would be more portable and convenient A projector can project the screen with different sizes by adjusting the focus of the zoom Even without a plastic cover our little palm maybe used as the display screen Laptop will be lighter too Because a plastic cover is only as mechanical cover so there is no electric antenna or other electrical components in it Thus it can be designed as easy to remove and some simple mechanism such as a little hook could connect it on laptop This kind of cover can be design a fashionable way for example we could print colorful pictures on it Users can also fine tune their laptops by selecting their favourite images and colours just like we can do today with some mobile phones Figure 10 below demonstrates the idea of a plastic cover In this set up we have a plas tic board instead of monitor panel A little projector can be found
12. the old generation of IdeaPad Y series For the business confidentiality reasons I will only list the main factors or trends but not de tail and final parameters of hardware and software Hardware Hardware features give the most intuitional guidance to end users From all hardware related features graphics is probably the most important feature for end user There fore it is one of the most important features in a new product and thus Lenovo must improve graphic features of its devices all the time In addition to graphics other components of the PC must also be developed For ex ample the hard drives and RAM memory size have developed as follows In 2008 HDD main stream was 250G with 5400rmp 3200G with 5400rmp in 2009 but in 2010 it reached 320G 500G with 7200rmp RAM main stream was 2 GB in 2008 2 4 GB in 2009 but in 2010 it reached 4 8 GB A new product must use the new generation of chipset and processor to make sure the system could run smoothly to support the continually growing storage needs of HDD RAM and 3D or other software Table 6 lists the hardware feature of the new Y4X0 concept product There is the third column in the table to mark with N to represent as new or upgrading from old Y se ries 21 Table 6 Hardware concept of Lenovo IdeaPad Y4X0 Intel Huron River platform N Platform AMD Sabine platform Intel Platform N Support all speeds available for the Intel Huron River Sandy Bridge Q
13. C and DC processors and supported off roadmap processors and Value segment processors on Hu ron River platform with rPGA CPU socket Mechanical design must support on coming higher clock speed in this product program life Bacoi New lower power technologies support such C7 state In telligent power sharing Support Intel CPU Turbo and HT AMD Platform Support all speeds available for the AMD Sabine X2 X3 X4 processors and supported off roadmap proces sors and Value segment processors on Sabine platform Mechanical design must support on coming higher clock speed in this product program life Chipset Intel Huron River AMD Sabine Z Z Should support HD and HD Aspect ratio is 16 9 for all models Glossy type is required Backlight is LED backlight Display Interface is LVDS For 14W Flat type and Wedge type are required for RFQ feedback Supplier should consider co design to max share tooling Integrated Graphics N Intel Huron River integrated graphics AMD Sabine integrated graphics Discrete Graphics Grapnies AMD or NVIDIA external graphics 25 30W level GPU Optimus switchable graphics VRAM GDDRS type x8pcs Need to compare MXM and on board solution Software A good software is a key benefit to end users For a very long time Microsoft has dominated the operating system markets of the PCs Since Windows 7 launched in Sep 2009 it successfully took the place of the Vista and got good feedback
14. Xiaoyu Sun Developing a good laptop Case Lenovo Bachelor s Thesis Information Technology May 2010 w a im MIKKELIN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences DESCRIPTION Date of the bachelor s thesis 25 5 2010 a i MIKKELIN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU Mikkeli University of Applied Sciences Author Degree programme and option Xiaoyu Sun Information Technology Name of the bachelor s thesis Developing a good laptop Case Lenovo Abstract Accompanying with the industrial revolution more and more machines are brought into our every day life Personal computer is one of the most successful digital products It has changed our life so much since the first personal computer of IBM 5150 appeared in 1981 And they are used widely to day not any more only at home and work but also on the move Laptop is a portable personal computer designed for mobile use and it is small and light enough to sit on one s lap while in use How to develop a perfect product to customers is very important for PC vendors This thesis will take one Lenovo case to simply show the main structure of a laptop and introduce that after development team complete the design there are still several steps to transfer the product to the market by manu facture and service DFX Design for X is the way to optimize the product X means everything which could enhance the product value it is included new technology assembly method
15. a A a ress 16 5 2011 LENOVO IDEAPAD Y SERIES PRODUCTS EXPECTIONS 20 5 1 Lenovo IdeaPad Y4X0 concept ccc sicezecdss cent Sodus aiesernGcets Ateeueee da dcaseeravesens 20 5 2 Droped functions from the old generation cececcceesseeeteceeeeeeteeeeeeeeseeeaeees 22 5 3 Upgraded and added functions in new generation sess ssesessssessesreseesseese 22 6 MANUFACTURING LAPTOPS scrccnioenreid antea a a 25 6 1 Transfer development phase to manufacturing by engineering work 25 6 2 Improving the products for the manufacturing product line eee 26 7 PROVIDING SERVICES TO THE CUSTOMERS ccceesceceesceeeeeeteeeeteeseeees 30 7 1 Handling end user problems 2x duce scevatessgeccceveudeisscteeaartesiacse dei iecattetiaes 30 7 2 Improving the products for a service centre and CUStOMETS seeeeeeeeeeee 31 8 HOW TO OPTIMIZE THE PRODUCTS wis cctoncaseatinciaasecconeadschiunavsrcntsedasdasdye eras 33 Bal Design for Xacti chs vine Lea deceaeh je ceeass vec sesahecaach sn caeads a a aa a a aa 33 8 1 1 Market features and procurement COSt cccccteceseceeeeeeseeeteeeeeenteeeees 33 8 1 2 Manufacturing and Service iaiiscalsctSacaninicn isco konliakeunwenn 33 8 2 RAVATOLGG 1016 s n e a E E eer eee 34 Ors FUTURE OF LAPTOPS aio een e a E Ea IEA EES 36 9 1 Product conceptis sirarnt nri irn e E E A ER R 36 9 2 Technology limitation sseseeseeseesseeseeseesseesseserssessesresseessessrsseess
16. as I O Controller Hub ICH in Intel systems which im plements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a north bridge and south bridge chipset computer architecture See Figure 5 for more details 12 13 Central Processing Unit RAM Memory AGP PCle Graphics Northbridge APM ACPI omer management PCI PCle Bus Southbridge AC 97 HDA audio SATA USB LAN ports Other devices Figure 5 Southbridge and Northbridge 12 13 About the GPU is the Graphics Processing Unit for Video Graphics Array VGA which refers specifically to the display hardware Modern GPUs are very efficient at manipulating computer graphics In a personal computer a GPU can be presented on a video card or it can be on the motherboard More than 90 of new desktop and note book computers have integrated GPUs at the beginning of 2000s which are usually far less powerful than those on a dedicated video card 14 While now more and more discrete video card is used on laptop by the graphics technology significant develop ment Especially more and more 3D games are popular with end users By using integrated CPUs or dedicated video card laptop is distinguished to two main types UMA and Discrete series 3 3 2 Central Processing Unit CPU 11 The Central Processing Unit CPU is the most important elements carrying out the computing function It does the high speed calculating and processing which is like the heart of the human being It
17. at the bottom of the keyboard and the inside interface of the plastic board is the screen On the outside of the plastic cover we can print colorful pictures like mentioned above And this cover could be easily replaced by the end users 37 in as Ee Figure 10 Demonstration of a new kind of monitor panel 23 Because the panel can move around with the hinge and during the turning the dis playing pictures is not to be impacted to distort so when we use the mechanical cover to replace the panel it should have the same functionality and user experience they are used to Otherwise the customers will not accept this product So we must make a function to define the logic and arithmetic between the turning angle a of the cover and the project angle B f a f B This arithmetic is used to make sure the screen looks normal and there is no distortion in the pictures The idea is shown in Figure 11 aS __ x angle sensor Projector A a ep Motor Figure 11 Securing the right kind of image 24 When the cover is closed to the angle shown in Figure 12 it is impossible for the end users to see the screen there should be a sensor to detect the angle and feedback to the IC to let system to shut down the projector to save power and avoid the thermal problem Figure 12 An example of an angle when the project is shut down 25 38 When end users close the cover totally the projector control sy
18. ce to optimize the product product engineer will study it and try to brought it to the product as additional offer to bit the competitor 4 2 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450Y460 comperation In 2009 Lenovo brought the most successful product of IdeaPad Y450 to occupy the big market share It is the graphics which makes this miracle happen I will introduce this product in detail in the following sections 15 4 2 1 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 Hardware Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 uses the 2009 Intel Montevina Penryn CPU 35W 25W It first used the 14 0 inch 16 9 wide screen because of panel industry incision technology change Because it use nVidia newest technology earlier than other products and its target users are game players it will give end users especially 3D game players more vivid scenario experience and it then lead the game player markets Details of the hardware configuration are show in Table 3 Table 3 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 hardware Platform 14 0 inch 2 spindle Processor Intel Penryn Chipset Montevina Penryn Display 14 0 inch wide HD FHD Integrated Intel Graphics Discrete 55nm NV NB 10M 256MB Graphics 55nm NV NB 10P 512MB 40nm NV NB 10P 512MB 40nm NV NB 10M 512MB Memory DDR3 1066 to 4GB 2 DIMM slots 8GB maximum 2 5 HDD only Storage Main stream 250 320G 500G with5400rmp Optimize stream 320G with 7200rmp Battery 6 cell 2600mAh Lion battery Weight configured 2
19. eeseesresseeseese 38 9 3 Conclusion for the prototype sessesessseessesseeseessessreseesseesesresseeseseessressesess 38 10 SCONCE USION carinii irainei n a a T E E a aa EE 40 REFERENCES secrctari i a a a Ta Aia 42 FIGURES Figure 1 IBM PC 5150 6 Figure 2 Apple Lisa Computer 7 Figure 3 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 Laptop 9 Figure 4 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 Laptop MB Placement with main components 11 Figure 5 Southbridge and Northbridge 12 13 Figure 6 SlideBar 19 Figure 7 Slide bar in action 20 Figure 8 Split screen feature in action 21 Figure 9 How do innovation 22 Figure 10 Demonstration of a new kind of monitor panel 23 Figure 11 Securing the right kind of image 24 Figure 12 An example of an angle when the project is shut down 25 Figure 13 Projector position when the cover is closed 26 TABLES Table 1 Development of PC hardware and software Table 2 Target customers of Y series product Table 3 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 hardware Table 4 Compare SSD to HDD Table 5 Hardware configuration of Lenovo IdeaPad Y460 Table 6 Software issue data example Table 7 Lenovo Y460 Shell BOM Table 8 Design for X on a laptop 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 Understanding the main concept of the topic Accompanying with the industrial revolution more and more machines are brought into our everyday life Personal computer is one of the most successful digital products It has changed our life so much since the firs
20. elopmt Y Manufacutre 8 2 Innovation 35 Innovation is a a never ending process to develop a product It is partly based on the current requirements to reflect the potential demands of customers Usually customers hand up clear requirement and the customer research team will check and analyse them with the market team and request the RD team to work out proposals Finally the whole development team will work out to find the best solution The research team not only needs to analyse the current data but it needs also to research the potential development possibilies for the development team So innovation is not only to solve customer problems but to send out a total new method or function to the products Please see the innovation phase in Figure 9 Innocation is lead customer customer workout Implement requirement proposal solution rely tT customer checkand work out requirement analysis proposal J o V t VY i f scenario i simulation echo E E E Background 4 4 y Figure 9 How do innovation 22 36 9 FUTURE OF LAPTOPS From IdeaPad Y450 we can easily see that there must be some leading features in every product before it can get great success I also believe that technology is always the most powerful portion of a product and this holds true especially on notebook markets In this chapter I introduce a new kind of laptop prototype This prototype highlights one of the
21. est system with whole test items to verify it will not bring other defects Before the development team can give solutions the service team has to appease cus tomer emotion and try to ask them to use this function only after the solution is ready However some customers still want to return systems to service team so service team has a great pressure to let customers calm down as they can to save company s busi ness from both cost and reputation 7 2 Improving the products for a service centre and customers Although service will not be participated by the development team they play a very important role in the whole product life cycle At the very beginning of the concept phase the historical data from service team will be useful to gradually improve design During RFQ timeframe service will input their requirement for serviceability so the product design will facilitate service team as sembly disassembly and reduce service cost For example DC IN connector normal ly is soldered directly to motherboard and it is easy to crack if customer insert the adapter too hard If DC IN cracks the service team has to replace the whole mother board and the cost is very high Therefore the service team might request a designer to separate the DC IN socket and the motherboard and to connect them by wire Therefore DFS Design for Serviceability should be noted during the whole product development phase Although we do not define FRU F
22. ffice 5 3 Upgraded and added functions in new generation Naturally some new features must be added to new products These features are dis cussed in this section Hardware 23 A chipset and a processor are the main factors of the new product However the de velopment is not limited only to this portion but all features such as Industry Design or the unique packing must be developed to make a product more competitive Industry Design is one of the most attractive features of the product In 2008 the net book achieve great success by its extraordinary slim with basic functions At that time we realized that it is very important to introduce the fashion elements also to laptops For example Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 provided a NBA series by print the NBA stars logo on the A cover during the 2009 NBA season IMF IN MOLDING FILM tech nology is the contributor for this colorful printing We may introduce others arts and crafts in new generation to add the modern elements with all effort It may be metal ID or anodizing but not limited to it Software APS Active Protection System is one of very successful software on Lenovo prod uct which co works with a shock IC to detect the hard disk status If a hard disk suf fers a sudden force from outside APS will send command to the hard disk not deal with any data to protect hard disk This feature is favored by a lot of business man Y series is one of the most important Lenovo s co
23. g way for balancing the functions on one product However some examples such as iPhone have proved that it is possible to offer new kind of solutions for the users I believe that also on laptop business we can expect new innovations in the near future 42 REFERENCES 1 http wiki answers com Q What is the history_of computers 2 http en wikipedia org wiki History_of computing hardware 3 http en wikipedia org wiki Atanasoff E2 80 93Berry_ Computer 4 http en wikipedia org wiki ENIAC 5 http en wikipedia org wiki IBM_Personal_ Computer 6 http en wikipedia org wiki File Ibm_pc_5150 jpg 7 http en wikipedia org wiki File Apple_Lisa jpg 8 http en wikipedia org wiki Laptop 9 Lenovo Source 10 http en wikipedia org wiki Montevina Montevina_platform_ 282008 29 11 Lenovo Source 12 http en wikipedia org wiki Northbridge_ computing 13 http en wikipedia org wiki Southbridge_ computing 14 http en wikipedia org wiki Graphics processing unit cite note O cite note 0 15 http en wikipedia org wiki Central_processing_unit 16 http en wikipedia org wiki Random access_memory 17 http en wikipedia org wiki Hard_disk_drive 18 http simple wikipedia org wiki Optical_disc_drive 19 Lenovo Source 20 Lenovo Source 21 Lenovo Source 22 Lenovo Source 23 Lenovo Source 24 Lenovo Source 25 Lenovo Source 26 Lenovo Source 43
24. hat exactly is a laptops cic wecd cies ds eyetdsdtestnera ieee Arcus aan 8 3 2 Maimboradand plathoiiass casi des icwinincd snot nti aias sae niee lan draems maa recess 3 3 Main components introduction cccecccecsseceseceseceeeceeseeceeeceeceeeeeeseecsaeeneeesees 3 3 1 Processing Chipset North amp South bridge GPU ee eeeeeceeteeees 10 3 3 2 Central Processing Unit CPU 6s caas canine vaavactiscaencveestens uvrourn seated 10 3 3 3 Random access memory RAM ccscecesscesecseeeeescecsseceeeneeeeeaeecsaecues 11 3 3 4 Hard Disk Drive HDD c ceececesssccssececssececesececsceecseeeeseeeeseesenaees 11 3 3 5 Optical Disk DAVETODD aiscsies signee bytiesuntieahreie nado ees 11 3 3 6 Other main optional ports sceoc sade ec aeacsossaceaevcaeces asses seca aac a Basen 12 4 LENOVO IDEAPAD Y SERIES 2009 20010 PRODUCTS REVIEW 13 4 1 Lenovo IdeaPad Y series product introduction ceeceeseesseeeteceteeeeeeeeseees 13 4 1 1 Target customers of Y series product 0 cccecceeseeseceteceeeceeeeeeeeeeseens 13 4 1 2 Demand of target customers x cscsusishecesdsequchssteasbiaoraadiaeh alin deeanies 13 4 1 3 Solution for Y series product customer demands cceseeseeeeteees 14 4 2 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450Y460 comperation ss ssesessssessesesseesseserssressessssees 14 42 1 Lenovo IdeaPad VASO ecg eneinio eeir reai aaran reai AEE EO aa REEE 15 4 2 2 benovoldeaPad Y460 222 ccca ss iaut
25. ield Replaceable Unit and CRU Customer Repla ceable Unit parts by ourselves it should be development team s responsibility to tell the service team about the FRU and CRU information A service manual named as 32 HMM Hardware Maintenance Manual should be prepared by development publica tion team also so service team will know necessary information to do field service 33 8 HOW TO OPTIMIZE THE PRODUCTS If we want to send out a perfect product to customers we have to be concerned the following perspectives development design phase manufacturing produce phase and service team maintain phase In industry we called a product must start with the as sessment of Design for X DFX X means everything which could enhance the prod uct value It includes new technology assembly method service quality cost but not limited to those Besides above X there is another very important factor for a success ful product which is innovation 8 1 Design for X Balance is the most important factor when DFX I list two example to show how to balance when DFX on a new product 8 1 1 Market features and procurement cost The market team always needs new functions and unique features to attract customers so new technology and new ID Industry Design is the key for them While the procurement team prefers the consistency in products It will also get good prices for the components from the suppliers Take one example Lenovo ThinkPad serie
26. l they can run this diagnos tic software to tell service team the error code or other useful information It can re duce the call time and eventually saves money However we do not have this software until now but it will eventually come true to save cost After product is transferred from the manufacturer to the customers the service team will get a lot of broken components or systems from every service centre They will firstly check what caused the problem When it is affirmed as quality problem Leno vo has the responsibility to replace the components or systems This kind of issue can be solved easily but there are some issues can not be solved immediately such as BIOS EC Driver or utility issues As we discussed in the chapter 6 of SOVP stage there are some blue screen black screen happened during the product line When the 31 users are using the product normally they may meet the same problem for example when they play some 3D games or other applications Especially when this problem has high fail rate with 3D games this kind of issue becomes the first priority issue for development team and the development team must duplicate this failure with the same condition and try to uninstall other application or drivers one by one to check the problem When it is confirmed as a driver crash a driver vendor has to update driver to release patch to fix this issue However when new driver or patch is ready development team has to re t
27. l equipment manufactures and countries They also decided on an open architecture so that other manufacturers could produce and sell peripheral components and compatible software without purchasing licenses IBM also sold an IBM PC Technical Reference Manual which included complete circuit schematics a listing of the ROM BIOS source code and other engineering and programming information IBM PC 5150 see Figure 1 was announced on August 12 1981 5 The most basic MS DOS system based on the following files Bootable program of Master Boot Record MBR MBR is located in the first sector of the first hard disk It contains a small program that is read into memo ry and executed at boot Three other files of IO SSYS MSDOS SYS and COMMAND COM Besides Microsoft also added several standard external programs or external commands in the retail system package Figure 1 IBM PC 5150 6 2 4 The First GUI Computer Before GUI was brought to computers end users had to use logical language to inte ract with computer because of the limited disk capacity and low performance of CPU and RAM This kind of interface is called CLI Command Line Interface Apple Lisa Computer see Figure 2 was the first home computer with a GUI Graphi cal User Interface and mouse combined A GUI offers graphical icons and visual indicators as opposed to text based interfaces GUI greatly enhanced the efficiency and got the ease of use for b
28. new and it should lead industry and not only focus on current and existing components and their small scale 39 improvement So DFX is the development method for the new product and innova tion is the spirit 40 10 CONCLUSION I firstly introduced the history of the digital computer and how e it has changed our daily lives Later I discussed the basic structure of a laptop and compared several Le novo Y series productions by listing their configuration and functions In addition to the development phase for the product there are manufacturing and service phase along with the products life cycle So development of a good laptop does not depend only on the development phase When a company wants to develop a good laptop it must pay attention to all aspects mentioned above With my thesis a reader can learn a lot about computers especially about laptops Firstly we know that computers have taken the heavy calculation burden from the people Secondly the weight of a modern computer is much lower and the dimensions are a lot smaller than during the early days of computing The main reason is the integrated circuit IC development Thirdly the Windows operating system and simi lar kind of software replaced the Command Line Interface CLI with the Graphics User Interface GUI This development has dramatically increased the popularity of personal computers finally as well as the most importantly the reader learns how to optimizing the lapto
29. nical switched 3 Organizing a system in which computation and memory are separated In addition the system pioneered the use of regenerative capacitor memory as in the DRAM still widely used today 2 2 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer is unveiled on February 14 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania with price of 500 000 ENIAC has a huge volume It contained 17 468 vacuum tubes 7 200 crystal diodes 1 500 relays 70 000 resistors 10 000 capacitors and around 5 million hand soldered joints It weighed 30 short tons 27 t was roughly 8 5 by 3 by 80 feet 2 6 m x 0 9 m x 26 m took up 680 square feet 63 m2 and consumed 150 kW of power 4 During the World War II United States Army signed the construction contract on June 5 1943 with the University of Pennsylvania s for the calculations of hydrogen bomb 4 After 3 years John Mauchly and J Presper Eckert with their team efforts ENIAC was formally accepted by the U S Army Ordnance Corps in July 1946 It was shut down on November 9 1946 for a refurbishment and a memory upgrade and was transferred to Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland in 1947 There on July 29 1947 5 it was turned on and was in continuous operation until 11 45 p m on October 2 1955 4 2 3 First MS DOS Personal computer IBM PC 5150 was introduced on August 12 1981 by a team of engineers and design ers under the direction of Don E
30. nsumer products Therefore it has the responsibility to provide some unique software to meet the consumer potential demands such as Split Screen Slide Bar Split Screen application will solve the inconvenience problem especially among game players Currently all 3D games will take the full screen space so it does not allow players to chat and play the games at the same time Split screen technology shown in Figure 8 is a very attractive feature for them 1024 768 ape or Youlube Figure 8 Split screen feature in action 21 To meet the end users potential demands we will provide more and more vivid and convenient applications to them 25 6 MANUFACTURING LAPTOPS After a product is defined the concept is ready RD Research Development team will apply all the functions to the whole system and it will estimate an executable devel opment schedule to define each verification phase for the system before it can be re leased to the manufacturing phase Usually there are four verification phases DV Design Verification FVT Functional Verification Test SIV System Integrated Verification SIT System Integration Test 6 1 Transfer development phase to manufacturing by engineering work After the development team complete system verification NPI New Product Intro duction team will carry out the following two phase to bring the product to mass pro ducing phase SVT System Verification Test SOVP
31. ook products in 2009 and 2010 Lenovo IdeaPad Y450 and Le novo IdeaPad Y460 Chapter 5 shows the roadmap of the next Y product by compar ing the functions which are inherited and dropped from the old generation Chapter 6 introduces how to transfer a technology product to manufacture After products are ready in warehouse it is the time for service team to involve so Chapter 7 focus on how do service for a laptop Chapter 8 is a simple methodology of DFX Design For X introduction which is for product optimizing In Chapter 9 I show one future product concept with technology limitation and get a conclusion on what is a successful laptop product 2 COMPUTER HISTORY REVIEW 2 1 The first un programmable computer ABC Atanasoff Berry Computer was build by Dr Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry in the basement of the physics building at lowa State College during 1939 42 The system weighed more than seven hundred pounds 320 kg and was 800 square feet 74 m2 in all It contained approximately 1 mile 1 6 km of wire 280 dual triode vacuum tubes 31 thyratrons and was about the size of a desk 3 ABC was not programmable being designed only to solve systems of linear equations And it is the first time to implement three critical ideas that are still part of every modern computer 1 Using binary digits to represent all numbers and data 2 Performing all calculations using electronics rather than wheels ratchets or mecha
32. oth end users and programmers Today with the upgraded hardware there is more space to store a large number of application programs images and icons WIMPs window icon menu pointing de vice present the user with numerous widgets that can trigger different kinds of the commands The most recent development are the 3D user interfaces Until now people have used traditional 2 dimension GUIs but lately there are more and more development in three dimensional user interfaces Figure 2 Apple Lisa Computer 7 2 5 Modern Operating System computer When the first graphical user interfaces appeared a large number of companies started to developed original operating systems The main aim of this development was to offer for end users a user friendly interface to personal computer This had a very im portant role in bringing the PC from institutions to individual users entertainment Today there are some very popular operating systems such as Windows MS Mac OS and Linux the free and open source software Accompanying with the development of operating systems personal computer s hardware also becomes lighter and thinner Although the desktop computer is the most popular PC during the 1990 s after the year of 2000 laptops become more and more popular During the last couple of years they have taken an ever increasing role both in the professional and leisure use 3 LAPTOP MAIN STRUCTURE 3 1 What exactly is a laptop is
33. ovo IdeaPad Y460 was announced with MS Windows 7 in Feb 2010 At the launch some old applications were also upgraded and some new applications were introduced to enhance end users experience IdeaPad Y460 upgraded Lenovo Slide Nav application based on Slide Bar hardware especially the zipper function of locking the screen bring users good experiences When users slide their fingers on the slide bar from the left side to right side the 19 screen will show a zipper as on the right picture of Figure 7 If you then click any but ton on Keyborad it will no respond It greatly help users to prevent unexpected opera tion when they leave they computer When users come back they only need slide fin gers from the right side to the left side It will unlock the computer and you can work normally CH Figure 7 Slide bar in action 20 20 5 2011 LENOVO IDEAPAD Y SERIES PRODUCTS EXPECTIONS The successful IdeaPad Y450 provides a strong graphic features to end users and Y460 keeps to improving the graphics experience The next generation products Le novo Y4X0 must include new features to attract more and more users 5 1 Lenovo IdeaPad Y4X0 concept Lenovo IdeaPad Y4X0 is the new product of 2011 It comes to the design concept phase in the early 2010 As a brand vendor Lenovo needs to define the basic structure and features when applying it to the product operation phase As a new product it must provide better performance than
34. p by different aspects to get more benefits for customers and gain the business success A good laptop is a product that needs to be affirmed by customers So developing a good laptop must focus on two aspects Solving the problems in current products to make sure the systems is stable and reliable and offering something new to change the traditional user habits and lead a new industry trend Solutions for both above re quirements need to be verified by delivery of product The future laptop development must follow the process knowing the customers re quirements sending out the proposals for current demands and potential demands DFX reviews applying and testing the proposals to the design phase taking it into manufacturing phase and collecting service feedback to the product concept phase Because of information time is coming so the future laptop will not only focus on the amount of the data storage which impacts the components like HDD RAM ODD 4 media but also on the mobile use which impacts the WLAN WWAN Bluetooth long battery life and the slim shape The fashion elements are brought to all kinds of prod ucts and a laptop is no exception Therefore unique and colorful appearance is the trend which impacts the mechanical parts such as the covers of the laptop Because new features and components do not fit nicely with other highly valued characteristics of laptops like slim structure and long battery life there is a lon
35. process and let the system to duplicate this issue to get more data by some debug card to check the cause of the problem Third stage Only after the previous two stage completed the third stage can begin At this stage the product line will input 350 500 pieces systems at one time It will monitor the workmanship and some components improvement solutions and the fail rate status 29 After the three stages are completed it proves that this product can be smoothly as sembled and tested by the product line It is important to prevent any serious issue to stop the product line because it will cause a huge cost for the whole company Now the quality team and the manufacturing team will formally let the new product to go to the mass production phase and about one thousand systems are already at ware house So the project team will announce that it can ship and support the product and the sales team can sign order with customers SOVP is the stage before mass product and which brings qualified systems to the product line with the amount is about one thousand When the production increases new issues will be found and the development team must study them and find also solutions to other issues like to improve the mechanicals structure to save the assembly time to study the more efficient test tools to cover more test program to save the test time to study how to prevent broken components come to the product line as les
36. s as possible The product line optimization is a continuous work during the product whole life cycle 30 7 PROVIDING SERVICES TO THE CUSTOMERS Before the product is released to mass production Lenovo service team will do a lot of preparing work It will publish system BIOS drivers digital manuals and some guidance for the new functions of the new products on the website as soon as the project team has announced this product is ready to ship support as preparation work Service team has another high loading work which is to handle the feedback from end user Some of the issues are very serious and could impact the normal usage of the system This kind of issues must be solved in very short time Other issues are not so serious and they can be related to the fulfilling the customer needs and expectations This kind of issues will be sent back to the design team for the next generation devel opment phase to continuously optimize the products 7 1 Handling end user problems We need to prepare web upload package including drivers BIOS and other necessary packages to service team so customers can download them from our web site If required we provide service team machine samples before massive production and even provide necessary document or face to face training to the service team When we ship products worldwide diagnostic software is very helpful to reduce ser vice cost When a problem happens before customers cal
37. s is commercial product it mainly features new product in technology but not ID So it uses a lot of common mechanical design such as battery without shape and painting change It will get a lot of cost down because it needs no new tools and tests can be reduced a lot But Lenovo IdeaPad series is consumer product It focuses on both technology and ID so it needs a lot of new ID and even painting technology It always returns to cost So a classic ID is more important for IdeaPad than ThinkPad And it is the balance of between market features and procurement cost 8 1 2 Manufacturing and service The manufacturing team is focused on the assembly time for their KPI Key Perform ance Index So it needs as many as possible key parts mounted to the motherboard and as less as possible screws to connect the components But for the service team it hopes that the key parts such as CPU HDD RAM are replaceable units which can be 34 easily replaced Because the components are common parts for most of projects but the motherboard is a unique part for each project it will easily bring the unique parts storage or shortage issue And also more Replaceable Unit will let users have a better experience to improve their systems as easily as possible Besides above aspects there are other teams concerns need to be considered please see a simple flow chart about how to optimize product by DFX Table 8 Design for X on a laptop Research Dev
38. s standardization trend generally began in the era of discrete transistor mainframes and minicomputers and has rapidly accelerated with the popularization of the integrated circuit IC The IC has allowed increasingly complex CPUs to be designed and manufactured to tolerances on the order of nanometers 15 3 3 3 Random access memory RAM The Random Access Memory is similar to memory capability of brain Data sored in RAM can be quickly fetched but its capacity is limited Today it takes the form of integrated circuits that allow stored data to be accessed in any order i e at random Random refers to the idea that any piece of data can be returned in a constant time regardless of its physical location and whether or not it is related to the previous piece of data 1 Until now mainstream of laptop RAM is 4G and the maximal value is only 8GB 1GB 1 000MB I1MB 1 000KB IKB 1 000bytes 16 3 3 4 Hard Disk Drive HDD The Hard Disk Drive HDD is often called hard disk or disk drive HDD is used to fix the capacity problem of RAM HDD can store large amounts of digitally encoded data on rapidly rotating rigid i e hard platters with magnetic surfaces Accompanying with the magnetic density on one tape surfaces is greatly enhanced we get much big ger storage HDD now Until now mainstream of laptop HDD is 320GB and the max imal value is 640GB 17 3 3 5 Optical Disk Drive ODD The Optical Disk Drive is used to read digital
39. s to its customers and thus gain great profit and business success 13 4 LENOVO IDEAPAD Y SERIES 2009 20010 PRODUCTS REVIEW 4 1 Lenovo IdeaPad Y series product introduction Lenovo IdeaPad Y series product is the most important product in all Lenovo con sumer products It is famous for its high performance and reasonable price in market which provides high quality ID Identification and UE User Experience design to enable customers life amp work entertainment 4 1 1 Target customers of Y series product Table 2 lists the main characteristics of the Lenovo Ideapad U series targer customers Table 2 Target customers of Y series product Lenovo source College students from 18 25 years old Young professionals age from 25 30 years old Majority male with personal fashion taste Enjoy online entertainment Care for quality This group of people is focused on the needs which could stand for their self actualization They have comparatively stable life amp work environment and pursue the better entertainment and better life 4 1 2 Demand of target customers In this section I will discuss the customer demand from two different perspectives real and potential demand Real demand 14 It must stand for the latest platform and current technology which could be clearly represented by the hardware configuration of CPU graphics HDD RAM and soft ware configuration of operation system and application Po
40. s was the introduction of graphical user interfaces GUIs They provided more intuitive interface to the users and thus a large number of different kinds of applications was developed to perform more and more useful services to the end users Table 1 points out the most important milestones of personal computer development Table 1 Development of PC hardware and software 1 Atanasoff Berry Computer was the first electronic digital compu Hardware ting device 2 1946 ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer was designed by two people called John Mauchly and J Presper Eck ert 3 1981 IBM the IBM PC 5150 Software 1 1981 MS DOS short for Microsoft Disk Operating System is an operating system bought by Microsoft 2 1983 Apple Lisa Computer The first home computer with a GUI graphical user interface 3 1984 Apple Macintosh Computer The more affordable home computer with a GUI 4 1985 Microsoft Windows Microsoft begins its quick development 1 2 The aim and structure of the study The aim of my thesis is to analyse future notebook PC development trends based on hardware and software aspects in more details The structure of my study is as follows In Chapter 2 I give a more detailed review to the computers history Chapter 3 introduces a laptop computer and its main compo nents Chapter 4 gives detailed information about Lenovo Ideapad family I introduce the mainstream noteb
41. service quality cost but not limited to those Besides above X there is another very important factor for a successful product which is innovation And there is a case of a concept laptop or a prototype showed in the thesis Obviously developing a good laptop is a continuous process with the improvement of the technology and industry trend Subject headings keywords PC GUI Laptop Innovation DFX Language English Remarks notes on appendices Tutor Employer of the bachelor s thesis Matti Koivisto CONTENTS 1 ISIE PTOI oda ace Ta Bech le ee ata Tan lS Sn alate cas a ay Mea ce 1 1 Understanding the main concept of the topic eceeesceseceeeeeeseeeteeeseeeteenees 1 2 The aim and structure of the Stud 2jc ss2 dsieaisvisaandiwasetaveeadeedlevastiy cnbentoddoeres 2 COMPUTER HISTORY REVIEW ssssssssssessssesessesesesrsresesstesestsretesenesestsresestsseseseert 2 1 The first un programmable computer ABC ss sessssessesessseessessrssressessrssresseese 2 2 Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer ssssseseseseessessesseessessesseesseese 2 3 First MS DOS Personal computer ved ocSeeas laesieercedanceatenel doc Scaus Sshadatieued dass 2 4 The First GUI Computer 5 4 00 sett sinrec allan cebu dene seteenaemont te eacen eeeaeadue nn acces euvanadanss 2 5 Modern Operating System computer sysncicis ck atk alee elaaanhe 3 LAPTOP MAIN STRUCTURE oii 055 Saati esecesctacusians tiaiaiaystecovsseeteure sistas 3 1 W
42. stem will move the projector to the same level with the keyboard as shown in Figure 13 Then we can close the system similarly as with a normal laptop and make sure the cover is tightly closed ee 7 Figure 13 Projector position when the cover is closed 26 9 2 Technology limitation Naturally there are many technological limitations to this kind of new concept I have listed some of them below Because the HDMI needs a high quality panel this solution is more reasonable to be applied on Net book or Tablet PC products Because it is impossible for end users to play vivid 3D games or see the high definition movies by this mechanical cover A more advanced technology is needed to support the high quality pictures and videos Until now all projectors emit a lot of heat Therefore it is impossible to let the projec tor to be at the bottom of the keyboard This can cause the system to hang up due to heat produce in so short time and there is not a strong thermal module to absorb or output the heat from the system The battery needs to support the high power consumption of the projector This is a problem because customers expect long battery life So if the new structure means shorter battery time the users are not satisfied with it 9 3 Conclusion for the prototype I belive that young people may prefer this kind of low cost and fashionable product If we want to have a successful product it must offer something
43. stridge of the IBM Entry Systems Division in Boca Raton Florida Abbreviation MS DOS stands for Microsoft Disk Operating System is a single user single tasking computer operating system that uses a command line in terface 5 IBM5150 was released on August 12 198 land discontinued on April 2 1987 Its Operating system includes IBM BASIC PC DOS 1 0 CP M 86 and UCSD p System Its CPU is Intel 8088 4 77 MHz and its memory covers from 16 kB 256 kB When IBM PC 5150 appeared in August 1981 it came complete with a 16 bit operating system from Microsoft MS DOS 1 0 This was Microsoft s first operating system and it also became the first widely used operating system QDOS Quick and Dirty Operating System is the MS DOS 1 0 s prototype a renamed version of which Microsoft bought from a Seattle company in July 1981 QDOS was written by Tim Paterson a Seattle Computer Products employee for the new Intel 16 bit 8086 CPU central processing unit and the first version was shipped in August 1980 Although it was completed in a mere six weeks QDOS was sufficiently different from CP M to be considered legal Paterson was later hired by Microsoft 5 IBM authorizes a special team leaded by Don Estridge to bypass normal company restrictions and get something to market rapidly To achieve this goal Don Estridge with their 12 team members first decided to build the machine with off the shelf parts from a variety of different OEMs origina
44. t personal computer of IBM 5150 appeared in 1981 And they are used widely today not any more only at home and work but also on the move If you look back to the computer history you can see how strong impacts computers have had to our professional and private life At the very beginning the world s first electronic digital computer was used to do high speed calculation in academic area So it relieved scientists from heavy burden to do calculations by hand After decades programming languages and operating systems developed further One of the biggest mile stones was Windows operating system It was another big revolution in computer era The main contribution of Windows was that it made computers more easy to use by both research institute staffs and household people When the Internet rapidly aroused personal computers brought us to the modern in formation era For example we do not have to wait days to receive a letter but we can get an email almost at the same time when it was written Instead of meeting people face to face we can have a video conference between people who are at the opposite corners of this world A computer is as one of the most significant invention after the revival of learning Let us have a quick review about the history of computing The first computers were people predominantly women whose job was to perform the repetitive calculations to compute such things as navigational tables tide charts
45. tential demand It is derived from current product but it can not be brought to market due to technolo gy is not so mature that it will cost too much on manufacturing and service but it represents the customers expectation which will not get big impact if customers do not have this kind of function but if some of potential demand is come true it will take the whole industry s change For example when MS WINDOWS come to per sonal computer it takes the big influence in IT world So this kind of demand could take big success and opportunity to the computer vendor but it is so hard to realize 4 1 3 Solution for Y series product customer demands After a product is defined by market team it goes in to development manufacturing and service phase There will be a lot of unexpected problems during the product life cycle Product engineers will focus on all the issues in each phase The primary issues are systems could not power on main components CPU HDD RAM etc are broken because of components quality or system mechanical defect software works abnor mally show error information or no response when customers use it and so on To meet the brand reputation every vendor focuses on how to improve the efficiency of solving problem and prevent it before end user discovers it During the product life cycle customers will publish their ideas after experience the product by forum or other media They also sometimes send out their good advi
46. upgrading from Y450 Table 5 Hardware configuration of Lenovo IdeaPad Y460 Platform 14 0 inch 2 spindle Processor Intel Arrandale N 18 Chipset Calpella Arrandale N Display 14 16 9 wide screen HD Glossy LED Intel Integrated Graphics Discrete 16W nVIDIA N11 GE1 25W nVIDIA N11P GS with Graphics 512MB DDR3 Switchable N Intel Integrated Graphics with ATI Pro 1GB Memory DDR3 1066 to 4GB 2 DIMM slots 8GB maximum 2 5 HDD only Storage Main stream 320G 500G with7200rmp Optimize stream 640G 1T with 5400rmp 1 8 HDD with SSD share one full card slot with WWAN N Battery Li Cylinder 6 Cell Weight 2 25Kg w 6 cell battery Dimension 340 232 19 8 38 mm Material PC ABS A cover Painting IMF IMR Camera 1 3M Pixels with LED indicator WLAN WiMAX mini PCIe card 802 11 a b g n 802 16e MIMO 3x3 WWAN mini PCIe card Communication GPS WCDMA TDSCDMA CDMA2000 W SIM card slot 10 100 1000 Ethernet BlueTooth 2 1 K B ISO standard compliant full size 6 row keyboard Pointing Touchpad w Rubber dome buttons LED indicator 6 in 1 Card Reader Speaker SD SD pro MMC MS MS Pro xD JBL stereo Speaker 2W 2ch 10CC ch 3 USB Card reader DC in CRT HDMI RJ45 eSATA 1 O Ports Mic IN CIR Microphone Microphone in Headphone output jack Headphone output jack with S PDIF HDMI IHDMI 1 3b and HDCP test certification Software Len
47. xpectation on graphics Lenovo IdeaPad Y460 intro duced ATI graphics to provide the switchable graphics mode to continually improve end users experience So except traditional Integrated graphics and discrete graphics there is another graphics mode switchable mode End users can choose a different mode for their needs by easily push the mode change button It also can help end users to save battery life when they do not need so high performance with graphics Lenovo IdeaPad Y460 has another totally new function SSD Solid State Drive It can greatly improve system performance From Table 4 we can easily see the advan tages and disadvantages of using SSD The main advantages are performance power shock weight and MTBF Mean Time Between Failures The disadvantages of the SSD are cost and capacity Table 4 Compare SSD to HDD Table 4 Comparing the technologies 1Q 2008 1 8 SSD 1 8 5400 RPM 2 5 5400 RPM 2 5 7200 RPM Native SATA SATA SATA SATA Capacity 64 GB 80 120 GB 80 250 GB 100 200 GB Cost 700 126 162 43 91 63 121 Performance 110 250 79 Ref 100 118 Vista Boot Time 50 130 Ref 100 85 Average Power 0 08 W 0 6 W 0 9 W 1 0 W Op Shock 1500 G 500 G 325 G 350 G Weight 44g 62g 102 g 115g 1 2 MH 300 kH 400 kH 400 kH For the detail hardware configuration please reference to Table 5 And there is new column to mark with N to represent as new or
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