Users Manual, Fluke 87 - UCSD Department of Physics
Contents
1. Displayed on digital display when input or math calculation in REL mode is too large to display If you are taking duty cycle readings OL is displayed if the input signal stays high or low All segments are illuminated on analog display Items 20 23 describe annunciators that indicate the mode or state in which the meter is operating AUTO Autorange Meter is in the autorange mode and will automatically select the range with the best resolution Meter powers on in autorange mode In the autorange mode the meter ranges up at 4096 counts and ranges down at 360 When the meter is in the Manual Range mode the overrange arrow is displayed until you manually select a range appropriate for the input value See item 9 for manual ranging 15 87 Users Manual 61 E Low Battery Meter is powered by a single 9V battery with a typical life of 400 hours with an alkaline battery At least 8 hours of battery life remain when is first displayed A battery check is taken between measurements 2 Negative Polarity Automatically indicates negative inputs When REL is enabled indicates negative results of math calculations 3 m Beeper Continuity test is enabled See item 11 and Table 2 Items 24 through 31 describe math function annunciators and the annunciators that indicate the units of the value displayed A Relative Mode The value displayed is the difference between the present measurem2. current or resistance inputs that last at least 100 milliseconds are recorded and the 100 ms annunciator turns on Press and hold down the MIN MAX for 2 seconds to exit and erase recorded readings In the MIN MAX mode press C ui to select the Peak MIN MAX mode 1 ms RECORD and MAX are displayed Voltage or current inputs that last for 1 milliseconds or longer are captured Press un wax to select the minimum MIN reading Press again to return to the maximum MAX reading To reset the Peak MIN MAX mode press Cm twice the first press exits the mode and the second press re enters the mode To completely exit the MIN MAX mode press MN max for one second In Peak MIN MAX mode the present reading average AVG readings and analog display are not displayed Before selecting Peak MIN MAX select DC voltage or current to DC couple the input waveform or AC voltage to capacitively couple the input waveform Peak MIN MAX works in all functions except ohms frequency and capacitance In the MIN MAX Recording mode press horom to stop the recording of readings press again to restart recording If recording is stopped the minimum maximum average and present values are frozen but the analog display continues to be active When recording is stopped the stored readings are not erased and you can still scroll through these readings Power On Option Select High Accuracy MIN MAX Recording The High Accuracy MIN MA
3. T See page 36 for a complete explanation of this notation 39 87 Users Manual Specifications cont Frequency Counter Sensitivity and Trigger Level Minimum Sensitivity RMS Sinewave Maximum input for specified accuracy 10X Range or 1000V Approximate Trigger Level 5 Hz 20 kHz DC Voltage Function Input Range 0 5 Hz 200 kHz 400 mV dc 70 mV to 400 Hz 70 mV to 400 Hz 40 mV 400 mV dc 150 mV 150 mV AN 0 3V 0 7V 1 7V 40V 3V 7V lt 140 kHz 4V 400V 30V 70V lt 14 0 kHz 40V 1000V 300V 700V lt 1 4 kHz 400V Duty Cycle 0 0 to 99 9 Accuracy 40 Within 0 05 per kHz 0 1 of full scale for a 5V logic family input on the 4V dc range Within 0 06 x Voltage Range Input Voltage x 100 of full scale for sine wave inputs on ac voltage ranges EES Specifications Specifications cont Function Overload Input Common Mode Rejection Normal Mode Reiection Protectionf Impedance Ratio 1 kQ unbalance J nominal V 1000V rms 10 MQ lt 100 pF gt 120 dB at dc 50 Hz or 60 Hz gt 60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz 1000V rms 10 MQ lt 100 pF gt 120 dB at dc 50 Hz or 60 Hz gt 60 dB at 50 Hz or 60 Hz mV V 1000V rms 10 MQ lt 100 pF gt 60 dBc dc to 60 Hz ac coupled Open Circuit Full Scale Voltage Short Circuit Test Voltage To 4 0 Ma 40 MO or nS Current Q 1000V rms lt 1 3V dc lt 450 mV dc lt 1 3V dc lt 200 uA Di
4. equipment with respect to the receiver e Move the equipment away from the receiver e Plug the equipment into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television technician for additional sug gestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Identify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Govern ment Printing Office Washington D C 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 Fluke Coporation Fluke Europe B V P O Box 9090 P O Box 1186 Everett WA 98206 9090 5602 BD Eindhoven U S A The Netherlands Table of Contents ett EE Multimeter Safety ecccceeeececseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeseeeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseeeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseeeseneeseaes Getting Started Quickly scc 40i0i dindivinin ewe Ee oi How to Use the Meter cccceseceeesenceeeseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeesenenseeenseeeesessaeesesenseeseseeeeseseesenes Input Terminals and Input Alert ebe scenes scsvaen gege EES EES Ee Summary of Power On Options ccceesceseeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeeseeeseneeesieeeeeees Digital and Analog Dieplavs AA Holster and Flex Stand iinei aa ea agh dude aa aa Eais eelere EE Measuring Voltage ACDC A Measuring Curremt eeeeeceeeeeneeceneeeeeeeseneeeeneeseaeeseaeeeeaeeseaeeseaeeeeaeeseaeessaeeseneeetieeeeeees C
5. junctions enough to cause them to conduct Use the highest range you can except 40 MQ to minimize the possibility of turning on diodes or transistor junctions Full scale measurement voltage in the 40 MQ range does forward bias a diode or transistor enough to cause it to conduct In resistance and all other functions except current the mA pA input is connected to a 1 kQ resistor If the mA pA input protection fuse is good this input can be used as a partial check of proper operation in resistance The input receptacles have split contacts touch the probe to the half nearest the LCD The 1 kQ resistor is protected by a 3 diode clamp Do not apply external voltage it may blow the fuse Applications Using Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests Conductance is the inverse of resistance i e 1 ohms and is measured in units of nanosiemens nS 1 x 10 Siemens The 40 nS range on your meter effectively extends the resistance measurement capability to 100 000 MQ The 40 nS range can therefore be used to test the resistance or leakage in insulators diodes transistors cables connectors printed circuit boards transformers motors capacitors or other high resistance components To measure conductance set the rotary switch to Qc and press RANGE to manually increment to the 40 nS range Plug the test leads into the VO gt and COM input terminals and then connect these leads across the unit under test The rea
6. on These power on options also listed on the rear of the meter are selected b holding down one or more of the pushbuttons for approximately 2 second while turning the function switch to any ON position All power on option are only disabled when the rotary switch is turned to OFF Each power o option is discussed in detail under Pushbuttons and summarized in Table 4 Digital and Analog Displays Items 14 19 describe the digital and analog displays and LCD annunciators 13 87 Users Manual Option Pushbutton Automatic Power off Blue 4 Digit Mode Yellow MIN MAX Record Speed MIN MAX Rotary Switch Test Range Data Output Hold H Disable Beeper ail High Input Impedance in mV DC Hz Table 4 Options Available at Power on Select 41 2 digit display Full scale 19 999 counts Select High Accuracy record speed Response time approximately 1 second For servicing purposes only See 80 Series Service Manual Enable ultrasonic data transmission For use in factory testing only cannot be modified for customer use Beeper functions disabled Turns off all beeper functions Provides gt 4000 MQ input impedance for 400 mV dc range Function Disable Automatic Power off 14 Digital Display Digital readings are displayed on a 4000 count display with polarity indication and automatic decimal point placement When the meter is turned on all display segments and annunciators appear briefly dur
7. overload replace the fuse and test again H the display reads any other value have the meter serviced Fuse Replacement A Referring to Figure 4 use the following procedure to examine or replace the meter s fuses 32 1 Perform steps 1 through 3 of the battery replacement procedure 2 Remove the defective fuse by gently prying one end of the fuse loose and sliding the fuse out of the fuse bracket 3 Install a new fuse of the same size and rating Make sure the new fuse is centered in the fuse holder 4 Ensure that the case top rotary switch and circuit board switch are in the OFF position 5 Replace the case top ensuring that the gasket is properly seated the battery leads are properly dressed and the two snaps on the case top at the end near the LCD are engaged Reinstall the three screws Service A If the meter fails check the battery and fuse s and replace as needed If the meter still does not work properly review this manual to make sure you are operating it correctly If the meter still malfunctions pack it securely in its original shipping container and forward it postage paid to the nearest Service Center Include a description of the malfunction Fluke assumes NO responsibility for damage in transit A meter under warranty will be promptly repaired or replaced at Fluke s option and returned at no charge See the registration card for warranty terms lf the warranty has lapsed the meter wil
8. reship the meter Multimeter Safety Before using the meter read the following safety information carefully In this manual the word Warning is reserved for conditions and actions that pose hazard s to the user the word Caution is reserved for conditions and actions that may damage your meter The symbols shown in Table 1 are used internationally to denote the electrical functions and conditions indicated If the meter is not used as described in this manual the safety features of the meter might be impaired 2 Avoid working alone Do not allow the meter to be used if it is damaged or it s safety is impaired Inspect the test leads for damaged insulation or exposed metal Check test lead continuity Damaged leads should be replaced Be sure the meter is in good operating condition During a continuity test a meter reading that goes from overload OL to 0 generally means the meter is working properly Select the proper function and range for your measurement In order to maintain the safety protection of this meter use only parts listed in the Service Manual Refer to Table 7 for the Service Manual part number CAT III For making measurements on equipment in fixed installations industrial A Warning To avoid electrical shock use caution when working above 60V dc or 30V ac rms Such voltages pose a shock hazard Table 1 International Electrical Symbols ER AC Alternating See Explanation in Curren
9. response time for recording minimum and maximum readings The response time is the length of time an input must stay at a new value to record the full change The 100 millisecond response time is best for recording power supply surges inrush currents and finding intermittent failures This mode follows the update time of the analog display The minimum and maximum excursions of the analog display get recorded The 1 millisecond Peak MIN MAX mode is ideal for recording transients especially from intermittent power lines or connections This mode can also be used to measure the and peak values of sinewaves up to about 450 Hz for easy measurement of both peak line voltage and line current measurements of power supplies and electrical equipment The high accuracy mode 1 second response time follows the digital display and can be selected as a power on option by pressing MN max while turning the meter on This mode has the full accuracy of the meter and is best for recording power supply drift line mains voltage changes or circuit performance while line voltage temperature load or some other parameter is being changed Frequency Counter readings are recorded only in the high accuracy mode In the MIN MAX Recording mode the true average of all readings taken since entering MIN MAX is calculated The average value displayed in both the 100 millisecond and 1 second modes is the mathematical integral of the input within the
10. response time and accuracy specifications of Applications the meter When you display the average the reading rate slows somewhat in order to calculate the average of the accumulated readings The average reading is useful for smoothing out unstable or changing inputs calculating power consumption such as kilowatt hours estimating the percent of time a circuit is operational or verifying circuit performance or temperature with the optional 80TK Thermocouple Module If you want to record readings only during the duration of a particular test such as during the frequency response sweep of an audio amplifier for example apply the input signal start the test or sweep in this example and let the meter stabilize Now press in max then press HOLD and stop the test The minimum maximum and average of all readings taken during the test are now held in memory Momentarily press in max to scroll to the reading of interest Be careful if you hold down the iN MAX for longer than a second you will exit the MIN MAX Recording mode and erase the memory As long as the rotary switch is not turned and the other pushbuttons except REL are not pressed these readings will remain in memory until the battery dies 25 87 Users Manual Measuring Frequency In the Frequency Counter mode the frequency display autoranges to one of five ranges 199 99 Hz 1999 9 Hz 19 999 kHz 199 99 kHz and greater that 200 kHz For freq
11. AX and RANGE buttons press to select press again to scroll or increment and press and hold for two seconds to exit To operate the Hz button press to select the frequency mode press again to select duty cycle and press again to exit To operate the back lit display press the YELLOW button The back light automatically turns off in 68 seconds to conserve battery life Getting Started Quickly e To operate the remaining buttons press to select and press again to exit Note The response of the display and the pushbuttons slows down in the capacitance mode An annunciator is displayed when a mode has been selected A quick way to reset all the pushbuttons to their default state is to turn the rotary switch to an adjacent function and then back to the function you are using 4 To take a measurement use the test lead probes to make the proper contacts Remember insert the meter in the circuit in parallel for voltage and in series for current measurements Read the measurement on the display If you did not manually select a range by using the RANGE button the range that provides the best resolution is automatically selected 5 Torun a performance check of the meter turn the rotary switch to Q and connect a test lead from the VQ input to the mA pA input If you are using a test probe touch the half of the input contact nearest the LCD The display should read 1 000 kQ 5 digits With the rotary switch still at Q tes
12. Counter mode the input range acts like an attenuator the V function ac couples the input signal and the V and mv functions dc couple the input signal The V function is optimized for triggering on logic and switching signals The 4V dc range is optimized to trigger on all common 5V logic families triggers at 1 7V 0 1V High frequency logic signals may require the use of the 400 mV ac range The 40V dc range is optimized to trigger on automotive switching signals triggers at 4V 1V All ranges in the V function trigger at approximately 10 of range except for the 4V range Frequency measurements can be made on current inputs The inputs are always dc coupled The triggering characteristics are shown in Table 6 Table 6 Freguency Counter Operation With Current Inputs Approximate Approximate Trigger Input Sensitivity Level Range 0 5 Hz 20 kHz AC Current DC Current uA 300 uA O uA 400 pA mA 30 mA 0 mA 40 mA A 3A DA 4A Measuring Duty Cycle Duty Cycle or duty factor is an alternate Frequency Counter mode that displays in percent the time the input signal is above the trigger level or below the trigger level if the negative trigger slope is selected The Duty Cycle mode is optimized for measuring the on or off time of logic or switching controls Many industrial control systems electronic fuel injection in automobiles for example are pulse width modulated and duty cycle measurements provide a quick
13. X Recording mode has a response time of approximately 1 second Changes of How to Use the Meter more than 1 second duration are recorded The 1 s annunciator is turned on In the Frequency Counter mode readings are always recorded at the high accuracy recording speed the response time is not selectable RANGE Manual Ranging Press to select the Manual Range mode and turn off the AUTO annunciator The meter remains in the range it was in when manual ranging was selected In the Manual Range mode each time you press button the range and the input range annunciator increments and a new value is displayed If you are already in the highest range the meter wraps around to the lowest range In the Frequency Counter mode pressing manually selects the input voltage or current range To exit the Manual Range mode and return to autoranging Press and hold down for 2 seconds The AUTO annunciator turns back on When the range is changed manually the Touch Hold MIN MAX Recording and REL ative modes are disabled 11 87 Users Manual 12 Power On Option Rotary Switch Test The Rotary Switch Test is used only for servicing purposes See the 80 Series Service Manual for details In the Rotary Switch Test mode normal meter functions are disabled To exit the Rotary Switch mode turn the rotary switch to OFF and back to any switch setting Display Hold A Warning Touch hold will not capture unstable or noi
14. a Output modes The meter turns back on if either the rotary switch is turned or a pushbutton is pressed Minimum MIN Maximum MAX Average AVG Recording Press MN Mag to enter the MIN MAX Recording mode manual range only Select the proper range before selecting MIN MAX to ensure that the MIN MAX reading will not exceed the measurement range The minimum maximum and average values are then reset to the present input the RECORD annunciator turns on the AUTO annunciator turns off and the automatic power off feature is disabled In the MIN MAX Recording mode the minimum and maximum readings are stored in memory The beeper emits a tone when a new minimum or maximum value is recorded A continuous beeper tone is emitted when an overload is recorded Push in ma to cycle through the maximum MAX minimum MIN average AVG and present readings The MIN MAX or AVG annunciator turns on to indicate what value is being displayed If an overload is recorded the averaging function is stopped and the average value becomes OL overload The true average of all the readings taken over at least a thirty six hour period can be displayed If this duration is exceeded the actual minimum and maximum readings will continue to be captured and can be displayed However new averages are no longer calculated The last average calculated is retained as the average reading At normal default record speed changes to the voltage
15. al amplifier noise The accuracy on the Fluke 87 is not significantly affected by this internal offset when measuring inputs that are within 5 to 100 of the selected range When the RMS value of the two values 5 of range and internal offset is calculated the effect is minimal as shown in the following example where 20 0 5 of 400 mV range and 2 5 is the internal offset RMS SQRT 20 0 2 5 20 16 If you use the REL function to zero the display when using the AC functions a constant error that is equal to the internal offset will result 400 0mV 0 1 mV Frequency range 1 kHz to 2 5 kHz 36 Specifications cont Specifications Function Range V 4 000V 40 00 V 400 0 V 1000 V SE 400 0 mV Q 400 02 4 000 KQ 40 00 KQ 400 0 KQ 4 000 Ma 40 00 Ma nS 40 00 nS D Resolution 0 001V 0 01 V DIV 1V 0 1 mV 0 12 0 001 kQ 0 01 KQ 0 1 KQ 0 001 MQ 0 01 MQ 0 01 nS Accuracy 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 It I I I 0 1 1 0 1 1 e leie iesen ee e I 0 2 2 Cae bene 1 3 1 10 ZE CH oe Ee See page 36 for a complete explanation of this notation When using the REL A function to compensate for offsets Typical Ohms Short Circuit Current Range 400 4k 40k 400k 4M 40M Current mun sopa 12uA 1 4pA 2 uA 2 uA Pw a se sa l EE 87 Users Manual Specifications con
16. attery leads so that they will not be pinched between the case bottom and case top 6 Ensure that the case top rotary switch and circuit board switch are in the OFF position 7 Replace the case top ensuring that the gasket is properly seated and the two snaps on the case top at the end near the LCD are engaged Reinstall the three screws Fuse Test A Use the following procedure to test the internal fuses of the meter Maintenance Fuse F2 F11A 1000 VAC DC Minimum Interrupt Rating 17 000A Fuse F1 F44 100A 1000 VAC DC Minimum Interrupt Rating 10 000A Case Top Battery Case Top H Case Bottom Battery Connector ep4f eps Figure 4 Battery and Fuse Replacement 31 87 Users Manual 1 Turn the rotary selector switch to OAC 2 Plug a test lead into the VO gt input terminal and touch the probe to the A input terminal Because the receptacles of the input terminals contain split contacts be sure that you touch the probe to the half of the receptacle contact that is nearest the LCD 3 The display should indicate between 00 0 and 00 5 ohms This tests F2 11A 1000V If the display reads OL overload replace the fuse and test again If the display reads any other value have the meter serviced 4 Move the probe from the A input terminal to the mA uA input terminal 5 The display should indicate between 0 995 kQ and 1 005 kQ This tests F1 44 100A 1000V If the display reads OL
17. check on their performance For logic level signals use the 4V dc range For 12V switching signals in automobiles use the 40V dc range Applications For sine waves use the most sensitive range you can without getting double triggering Normally a clean signal can be up to ten times the amplitude of the range you are on Duty cycle measurements can also be used as an indication of potential triggering problems on sine wave or near sine wave signals If you do not measure approximately 50 duty cycle you may have a distorted waveform In Duty Cycle and Frequency Counter mode the slope or edge on which the counter triggers is selected by pressing The slope selected is indicated by a or annunciator in the lower left corner of the LCD The waveform shown in Figure 3 represents the duty cycle measurement of a typical logic signal The manner in which your meter takes duty cycle measurements allows it to be very tolerant of aperiodic repetitive but not periodic signals Duty cycle measurements on low frequency lt 400 kHz aperiodic logic signals especially serial communication signals is a simple form of signature analysis A known pattern will read the same duty cycle every time if the pattern repeats in less than 1 3 second 27 87 Users Manual Slope Slope S Trigger Point Trigger Point 30 Slope 70 Slope ep3f eps Figure 3 Duty Cycle Measurement of Typical Logic Signal The p
18. d discharge all capacitors before attempting in circuit resistance measurements If an external voltage is present across a component it will be impossible to take an accurate measurement of the resistance of that component The meter measures resistance by passing the same current through a precision reference resistor and the external circuit or component then ratios and measures the voltage drop across each Q Vunknown Vreference Remember the resistance displayed by the meter is the total resistance through all possible paths between the probes This explains why in circuit measurement of resistors does not often yield the ohms value indicated by the resistor s color code The resistance in the test leads can diminish accuracy on the lowest 400 ohm range The error is usually 0 1 to 0 2 ohms for a standard pair of test leads To determine the error short the test leads together and read the resistance of the leads Use the Relative REL mode to automatically subtract the lead resistance from resistance measurements When measuring resistance be sure that the contact between the probes and the circuit under test is good Dirt oil solder flux or other foreign matter seriously affects resistance Most in circuit resistance measurements can be made without removing diodes and transistors from the circuit The full scale measurement voltage produced on ranges below 40 MQ does not forward bias silicon diodes or transistor
19. ding displayed is in units of conductance nS To convert this reading to megohms divide the reading into 1000 1000 displayed reading in nS MQ For example 2 00 nS converts to 500 MQ 1000 2 00 High value resistance measurements are susceptible to induced noise and may require careful shielding To smooth out most noisy readings enter the MIN MAX Recording mode and scroll to the average AVG reading 21 87 Users Manual Note In the conductance range there is normally a small residual reading with open test leads To ensure accurate measurements connect clean test leads to the meter and with the leads open read the residual leakage in nanosiemens Correct subsequent measurements by using the Relative mode REL to zero the display which subtracts the residual from the readings Diode leakage tests require that the diode junction be reverse biased when being measured To do this connect the anode of the diode to the COM input terminal and the cathode ring of the diode to the VO gt input terminal Leakage at the test voltage being applied can then be read in terms of conductance High voltage stacked diode assemblies can usually be tested for forward and reverse resistance changes using conductance These assemblies typically have such high forward voltage drops that the diode test or resistance modes cannot test them Noisy Resistance Measurements Your Fluke meter is designed to tolerate up to several volt
20. e mode also selects manual ranging zero the residual capacitance only when measuring small value capacitors Residual voltage charges on the capacitor or capacitors with poor insulation resistance or poor dielectric absorption may cause measurement errors To check capacitors larger than 5 uF select Q with the rotary switch or press the BLUE button if you are in the capacitance mode Select an appropriate range from Table 5 Discharge the capacitor connect the capacitor to the meter and time the number of seconds it takes for the charge to go from zero to full scale At full scale all of the analog display segments are on To estimate the value of the capacitor multiply the number of seconds times the charge rate uF sec in Table 5 For example a 10 uF capacitor takes about 34 seconds to charge in the 4 MQ range or 3 4 seconds in the 400 kQ range To reconfirm your estimate reverse the test leads when the capacitor discharges to zero the analog display polarity switches from to start timing the recharge to full scale Applications Diode Testing To perform a diode or transistor junction test plug the test leads into the VIR and COM inputs turn the rotary switch to gt and connect the test leads across the diode s In diode test voltage is developed across the componeni s by a test current approximately 0 6 mA with the test leads shorted from the meter Voltage is read on a single 0 to 3 000V range that can
21. e range When testing continuity the beeper sounds if the resistance falls below the typical values indicated in Table 3 Table 3 Beeper Response in Continuity Test Input Range Beeper On If 400 02 lt 400 4 000 KQ lt 2000 40 00 KQ lt 2 kQ 400 0 kQ lt 20 kQ 4 000 MQ lt 200 kQ 40 00 MQ lt 200 kQ gt Diode Test Measures forward voltage of semiconductor junction s at approximately 0 5 mA test current Single 0 3V range 87 Users Manual mA Milliamps or amperes A Defaults to dc Press BLUE button to toggle between dc and ac Autoranges to the 40 mA or 400 mA range when using the mA uA input terminal or to the 4000 mA or 10A range when using the A input terminal uA Microamps Defaults to dc Press BLUE button to toggle between dc and ac Autoranges to the 400 uA or 4000 uA range when using the mA uA input terminal Pushbuttons Items 6 13 describe how to use the pushbuttons These buttons are used in conjunction with rotary switch to select operating modes and set power on options When a button is pushed the beeper sounds unless the beeper has been turned off or the Data Output mode has been selected A summary of pushbutton operations is shown in Figure 1 An annunciator is displayed to indicate that a mode or option has been selected A quick way to reset all the pushbuttons to their default state is to turn the rotary switch to an adjacent function and then back to the functi
22. ed burden voltage This voltage drop is very low in your meter but it may affect precision circuits or measurements 19 87 Users Manual To calculate the burden voltage in A multiply the display reading by 0 03V in mA multiply the display reading by 1 8 mV in WA multiply the display reading by 100 uV For example at a 20 mA display reading the burden voltage is 20 00 x 1 8 mV 36 mV The approximate resistance between the input terminals is 0 03 ohms for A 1 8 ohms for mA and 100 ohms for uA Continuity Testing Continuity testing verifies that circuit connections are intact To perform audible continuity tests set the rotary switch to IQ Je press and connect the meter to your circuit Test resistances below the values listed in Table 3 cause the meter to emit a continuous tone Use the 400 ohm range for most wiring checks The continuity mode is extremely fast and can be used to detect either shorts or opens that last for as little as 1 millisecond When a change is detected the beeper tone is stretched to last at least 1 4 second so you can hear it and detect both shorts and opens This can be a valuable troubleshooting aid when looking for intermittents associated with cables connections switches relays etc If the test value is very close to the threshold erratic beeps can also occur due to environmental electrical noise EMI 20 Measuring Resistance Caution Turn off power on the test circuit an
23. egative trigger slope so the measurement will be the off or points closed time Then connect the COM input to ground and connect the VA F input to the low or switched side of the coil Most automobiles have the points closed for a duty cycle between 50 70 Pulse Width Measurements For a periodic waveform that is repetitive at equal time intervals a duty cycle measurement can be easily converted to pulse width First measure the frequency and then measure the duty cycle Toggle to select the polarity of the pulse you want to measure To convert frequency and duty cycle measurements into a pulse width use the following Duty Cycle 100 Frequency Pulse Width Maintenance Maintenance Repairs or servicing not covered in this manual should only be performed by qualified personnel as described in the 80 Series Service Manual refer to Table 7 for part number General Maintenance Periodically wipe the case with a damp cloth and detergent do not use abrasives or solvents If the input alert is falsely activated by moisture 4 Turn the multimeter off and remove all test leads 2 Shake out the input receptacles 3 Use aclean swab in each of the four terminals to dislodge and clean out the contamination 4 Soak a new swab with the cleaning and oiling agent WD40 Work this swab around in the A and mA pA terminals Since the oiling agent insulates the terminals from moisture related shorting this preventi
24. ent and the previously stored reading See item 12 5 100 ms Normal Recording Speed in MIN MAX Recording Mode 16 Input changes of 100 milliseconds or longer will be recorded In the 1 s High Accuracy MIN MAX Recording Mode the recording speed is 1 second 1ms_ Peak MIN MAX Recording Mode Input changes of 1 millisecond or longer will be recorded RECORD Minimum Maximum and Average Recording Readings are being recorded in the MIN MAX Recording mode A maximum MAX minimum MIN or average AVG reading can be displayed MAX Maximum Value in MIN MAX Recording Mode The value displayed is the maximum reading taken since the MIN MAX Recording mode was entered MIN Minimum Value in MIN MAX Recording Mode The value displayed is the minimum reading taken since the MIN MAX Recording mode was entered AVG Average Value in MIN MAX Recording Mode The value displayed is the true average of all readings taken since the MIN MAX Recording mode was entered H Hold The meter is operating in a Display Hold mode See item 10 for Display Holds G The following annunciators indicate the unit of the value displayed AC Alternating current or voltage DC Direct current or voltage Vv Volts mV Millivolts 1 x 10 volts A Ampere amps Current mA Milliampere 1 x 10 amps uA Microampere 1 x 10 amps Applications nS _ Nanosiemens 1 x 10 siemens Conductance 1 Q Percent Annunciator for dut
25. es Figure Title 1 Summary of Pushbutton Operation cecceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeneeeeeeeseeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeteeeessaeeseeeensas 2 Holsterand Flex Stand iicr elie ene 3 Duty Cycle Measurement of Typical Logic Signal 4 Battery and Fuse Replacement cscccccceseceeeeseneeeeneneeeeneeneeeeseneeseseneeeeseeneneneeneeseseees 5 Replaceable Parts 87 Users Manual vi Introduction Note This meter has been designed and tested according to IEC 1010 1 Safety Reguirements for Electrical Eguipment for Measurements Control and Laboratory Use This manual contains information and warnings which must be followed to ensure safe operation and retain the meter in safe condition If the meter is not used as described in this manual the safety features of the meter might be impaired A Warning Read Multimeter Safety before using the meter The Fluke 87 True RMS Multimeter also referred to as the meter is a handheld 4000 count instrument that is designed for use in the field laboratory and at home The meter combines the precision of a digital meter with the speed and versatility of a high resolution analog display Frequencies between 0 5 Hz and 200 kHz can be measured with up to 0 01 Hz resolution The meter is powered by a 9V battery and has a rugged case sealed against dirt dust and moisture A snap on holster with flexible stand Flex Stand protects the meter from rough handling The flexible s
26. http www_avionteg com Fluke 87 M ultimeter aspx AvionTEq ef ef Bet ef ONO Test with full trust www avionteg com LLJ KE e 8 True RMS Multimeter Users Manual PN 834192 August 1988 Rev 8 4 97 1988 1989 1990 1992 1993 1994 1997 Fluke Corporation All rights reserved Printed in U S A All product names are trademarks of their respective companies Interference Information This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instructions may cause interference to radio and television reception It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation Operation is subject to the following two conditions e This device may not cause harmful interference e This device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired opera tion There is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause in terference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one of more of the following measures e Reorient the receiving antenna e Relocate the
27. iamp Microamp Input Terminal For current measurements up to 400 mA ac or dc when the function selector switch is set to mA or A pA 3 com Return terminal for all measurements VO Volts Ohms Diode Test Input Terminal Common Terminal Function Selector Rotary Switch Item 5 describes functions that are selected by setting the rotary switch Each time the rotary switch is moved from OFF to a function setting all LCD segments will turn on for one second as part of a selftest routine This selftest routine is also performed if the rotary switch is turned slowly from one position to another The meter is then ready for normal operations and will respond to the rotary switch and pushbuttons OFF Power to the meter is turned off y Volts ac Autoranges to the 400 mV 4V 40V 400V or 1000V range V Volts dc Autoranges to the 4V 40V 400V or 1000V range mv Millivolts dc Single 400 mV range mQ Resistance Q conductance 1 9 capacitance or continuity vil testing Press BLUE button to toggle between the resistance and capacitance function The response of the display and the pushbuttons slows down in the capacitance mode Autoranges to the 4000 4 KQ 40 kQ 400 kQ 4 MQ or 40 MQ resistance range How to Use the Meter In Manual Ranging mode 40 nS conductance range equal to a 25 100 000 MQ range is selectable See item 9 Autoranges to the 05 00 nF 0500 uF 0 500 uF or 05 00 uF capacitanc
28. ies and are available from you authorized Fluke distributor 34 Replaceable Parts C81Y C81G ep5f eps Figure 5 Replaceable Parts 35 87 Users Manual Specifications si Function Range Resolution Accuracy 50Hz 60Hz 45Hz 1kHz 1kHz 5kHz 5 kHz 20 ker 0 7 4 1 0 4 2 0 4 2 0 20 Vt 4 000V 0 001V 0 7 2 1 0 4 2 0 4 2 0 20 40 00V 0 01V 0 7 2 1 0 4 2 0 4 2 0 20 400 0V 0 1V 0 7 2 1 0 4 2 0 Alt unspecified 1000v 1V 4 0 7 2 1 0 4 unspecified unspecified Accuracy is given as of reading number number of lease significant digits at 18 C to 28 C with relative humidity up to 90 for a period of one year after calibration In the 4 2 digit mode multiply the number of lease significant digits counts by 10 AC conversions are ac coupled true rms responding calibrated to the rms value of a sine wave input and valid from 5 to 100 of range AC crest factor can be up to 3 at full scale 6 at half scale For non sinusoidal wave forms add 2 Rdg 2 Fs typical for a crest factor up to 3 Below 10 of range add 16 counts Below 10 of range add 6 digits T The Fluke 87 is a True RMS responding meter The meter will display a reading typically lt 25 digits when the input leads are shorted together in the AC functions which is caused by intern
29. ing a selftest The display updates four times per second except when frequency readings are taken Then the update rate is 3 per second s I Analog Display The analog display is a 32 segment pointer that updates at a 40 times per second rate and is the best display to use for readings that are changing It does not operate in the Capacitance or Frequency Counter functions or in the Peak MIN MAX mode For increased sensitivity the analog pointer moves across the scale four times for each range The pointer returns to 0 wraps around when the eguivalent digital display reaches 1024 2048 and 3072 counts Select the next higher range if the pointer is too sensitive The analog pointer indicates a value lower than the digital display up to 2 5 of range Examples on the 40V range are Digital Display 5 00V 15 00V 25 00V 35 00V Analog Pointer 4 8 4 5 4 5 4 2 Wrap First Second Third Fourth Indication 4 8V 14 5V 245V 34 2V With stable inputs use the digital display for the best sensitivity and precision oO 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 0 Analog Display Scale Scale for each 1000 counts in the digital display Analog Display Polarity Indicates the polarity of the input except in the Frequency Counter mode when it indicates the polarity of the trigger slope edge How to Use the Meter 4000 Input Range Annunciator mV Displays 4 40 400 or 4 000 input range for volts amps or ohms and 400 mV OL Overload Indication
30. ive Readings Press to enter the Relative mode zero the display and store the displayed reading as a reference value The relative mode annunciator A is displayed Press again to exit the relative mode In the Relative mode the value shown on the LCD is always the difference between the stored reference value and the present reading For example if the reference value is 15 00V and the present reading is 14 10V the display will indicate 0 90V If the new reading is the same as the reference value the display will be zero 02 Frequency Counter Mode and Duty Cycle Press the to select the Frequency Counter mode press again to select duty cycle the alternate counter function press again to exit The analog display does not operate in either the Frequency Counter mode or duty cycle In Frequency Counter mode the Hz annunciator is displayed The frequency function autoranges over How to Use the Meter five ranges 199 99 Hz 1999 9 Hz 19 999 kHz 199 99 kHz and greater than 200 kHz The RANGE button manually selects the voltage or current input range If duty cycle is selected readings from 0 1 through 99 9 are displayed The Hz annunciator turns off and turns on Power On Option High Input Impedance Mode The input impedance of the mv function 400 mV range is changed from 10 megohms to greater than 4000 megohms Summary of Power On Options You can select a number of options each time you turn the meter
31. l be repaired and returned for a fixed fee To locate an authorized service center call Fluke using any of the phone numbers listed below or visit us on the World Wide Web www fluke com 1 800 443 5853 in U S A and Canada 31 40 267 8200 in Europe 206 356 5500 from other countries Replaceable Parts Replaceable Parts Note A When servicing the meter use only the replacement parts specified Replaceable parts are shown in Figure 5 and listed in Table 7 To order replacement parts in the USA call 1 800 526 4731 To order outside the USA contact the nearest Service Center 33 87 Users Manual Item BT1 Fi AS F2 AS H1 MP1 MP2 TM1 TM2 TM3 TM4 TL20 TL75 c81y c81G c25 Table 7 Replaceable Parts Description Battery 9V Fuse F44 100A 1000 VAC DC Fuse F11A 1000 VAC DC Screw Case Foot Non Skid O Ring Input Receptacle Users Manual Fluke 87 English Users Manual Fluke 87 International Service Manual CAT III labeled meters all other meters Quick Reference Guide Fluke 80 Series Industrial Test Lead Set Optional Test Lead Set Holster Yellow Holster Gray Optional Carrying Case Soft Optional Fluke Part Number 614487 943121 943118 832246 824466 831933 834192 834200 617826 834168 844290 Quantity 1 1 1 3 2 4 4 AS To ensure safety use exact replacement only Items marked with two asterisks are Fluke accessor
32. measure up to five silicon diode or transistor junctions in series For a silicon diode the typical forward voltage should be about 0 6V Voltages greater than 3 00V or open test leads produce an overload OL reading If the digital reading is the same in both directions the diode junction is probably shorted If the display reads OL in both directions the diode junction is probably open To protect sensitive devices the open test lead voltage from the meter will not exceed 3 9V Negative inputs from an external power source for example are not suppressed Table 5 Approximate Charge Rate for Capacitors Range 4002 4 KQ 40k2 400k2 4MQ uF sec 2600 275 29 2 9 0 29 23 87 Users Manual Use the Touch Hold mode see item 10 to make audible diode tests When the test leads are placed across the diode a good diode or transistor junction will cause the meter to beep and update the display in the forward biased direction and remain silent in the reverse biased direction A short or resistance below about 30 kO will cause a beep in both directions lf an open is detected the meter will remain silent in both directions Using the Analog Display The analog display is easy to use and interpret It functions much the same as the needle on an analog meter without the mechanical overshoot inherent in needle movements The analog display is especially useful for peaking and nulling and observing rapidly changing inputs The a
33. meter is turned on and the beeper has not been disabled the beeper will emit a warning See Input Terminals and Input Alert below 87 Users Manual Table 2 Input Terminals and Limits Input Terminals Function MIN Display MAX Display Maximum Input Red Lead Black Lead Reading f Reading y vo F COM 0 01 mV 1000V 1000V V VO gt E COM 0 0001V 1000V 1000V mv vo COM 0 01 mV 400 0 mV 1000V Q V gt COM 0 012 40 00 MQ 1000V nS Va gt COM 0 001 nS 40 00 nS 1000V 4 vVO F COM 0 01 nF 5 00 uF 1000V gt VO gt COM 0 0001V 3 000V 1000V A A COM 0 1 mA 20 00A 11A 1000V Fast Fuse mA mA uA COM 0 001 mA 400 0 mA 44 100A 1000V Fast Fuse uA mA uA COM 0 01 uA 4000 uA k 10A continuous 20A for 30 seconds maximum Fuse protected t See the 4 digit display mode on page 8 To turn the meter on and select a function turn the rotary switch from OFF to the appropriate switch position All segments on the liguid crystal display LCD will turn on for one second then the meter is ready for normal operation If you would like to freeze the display with all segments on press and hold down any button while turning the meter on As long as the button is held down all LCD segments will remain on To select an additional operation press the appropriate pushbuttons above the rotary switch as described in the items below See also Figure 1 To operate the MIN M
34. n RF field of 1 V m on all ranges and functions except capacitance Total Accuracy Specified Accuracy 2 5 of range Capacitance not specified Performance above 1 V m is not specified 0 to 90 0 C to 35 C 0 to 70 35 C to 55 C 9V NEDA 1604 or 6F22 or 006P 400 hrs typical with alkaline Per MIL T 28800 for a Class 2 instrument 1 25 in x 3 41 in x 7 35 in 3 1 cm x 8 6 cm x 18 6 cm 2 06 in x 3 86 in x 7 93 in 5 2 cm x 9 8 cm x 20 1 cm 12 5 oz 355g 22 0 oz 624g Designed to comply with IEC 1010 1 as a 1000V CAT III instrument see pg 2 for definition of CAT Ill UL listed to UL3111 TUV licensed to EN 61010 1 CSA 22 2 No 1010 1 1992 S 87 Users Manual 44
35. nalog display response time is fast and it can be used to make approximate adjustments quickly The 4000 count digital display can then be used for final adjustment The analog display can also be used for limited diagnostic purposes In situations where rapidly fluctuating signal levels make the digital display useless the analog display is ideal Like the needle on a Volt ohm milliammeter VOM the analog display excels at displaying trends or slowly changing signals Many diagnostic routines using 24 the analog display require practice You will usually be looking for good or bad signal patterns that occur over some span of time Noisy resistance measurements for instance create such patterns Therefore familiarity with analog display response and movement is necessary to accurately interpret a signal pattern Compare the analog display response when making measurements on a unit known to be good to the analog display response when making measurements on a faulty unit Using the MIN MAX Recording Mode The MIN MAX Recording mode can be used to catch intermittents and turn on or turn off surges verify performance measure while you are away baby sit or take readings while you are operating the equipment under test and cannot watch the meter The audible Min Max Alert indicates when a new minimum or maximum value has been recorded You can select either a 100 millisecond 1 millisecond Peak or 1 second high accuracy
36. ode Test 1000V rms lt 3 9V dc 3 000V dc 0 6 mA typical t 10 V Hz max 41 87 Users Manual Specifications cont Nominal Response MIN MAX DC Functions Recording 120 ms to 80 AC Functions 1s 1 ms A Fuse Protection 44 100A 1000V FAST Fuse 11A 1000V FAST Fuse mA or pA A Accuracy Specified accuracy 12 digits for changes gt 200 ms in duration Specified accuracy 40 digits for changes gt 350 ms and inputs gt 25 of range Same as specified accuracy for changes gt 2 seconds in duration Specified accuracy 40 digits for changes gt 1 ms in duration 100 digits typical for mv 400 uA dc 40 mA dc 4000 mA dc Maximum Voltage between any Terminal and Earth Ground 1000V rms 100 ms to 80 42 Specifications Specifications cont Display Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Temperature Coefficient Electromagnetic Compatibility Relative Humidity Battery Type Battery Life Shock Vibration Size HxWxL With Holster and Flex Stand Weight With Holster and Flex Stand Safety Digital 4000 counts updates 4 sec 19 999 counts i dont mode updates 1 sec Analog 4 x 32 segments equivalent to 128 updates 40 sec Frequency 19 999 counts updates 3 sec gt 10 Hz Backlight On for 68 seconds when selected 20 C to 55 C 40 C to 60 C 0 05 x specified accuracy C lt 18 C or gt 28 C In a
37. on you are using 8 Press the YELLOW button to turn on the back light Back light turns off automatically after 68 seconds to extend battery life Power On Option 414 Digit Display Mode Display Back Light The meter displays the readings at 10 times the resolution with a maximum display at 19 999 counts The display is updated once per second The Ai dont display mode works in all functions except capacitance Peak MIN MAX and 100 millisecond MIN MAX Use manual ranging for best performance G ES AC or DC Resistance or Capacitance Press BLUE button to toggle between ac and dc when measuring current or between capacitance and resistance when the rotary switch is set to Ot How to Use the Meter _ Press to Select _Press again to Scroll or increment _ Press and Hold Down for 2 Seconds to Exit LP Cd ne Gaoth D Com RELA C Hz D PEAK IN MAX Press to Select Fequency _Press again to Select Duty Cycle peices oer _Press again to Exit Press again to Exit Press to Turn on Back Light Turns Off Automatically After 68 Seconds eptf eps Figure 1 Summary of Pushbutton Operation 87 Users Manual 10 Power On Option Disable Automatic Power off Automatic Power off extends the life of the battery by turning part of the meter off if neither the rotary switch nor a pushbutton is operated for half an hour Automatic Power off is not allowed in the MIN MAX Recording or Dat
38. ontinuity ne EE Measuring Resistance AA Using Conductance for High Resistance or Leakage Tests 87 Users Manual Noisy Resistance Measuremenmts AAA Measuring Capacitance sise aige gae ARENS EE EE Diode TESUNG verstenen tees ceaensuees bangee a A EAA EE RE Ei aait Using the Analog Display cieie reani aeeiiaii Using the MIN MAX Recording Mode Measuring Frequency ed ASG ee SEELEN Measuring Duty Cycle ooo ceccececceseneseneeseneeeeaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseaeeseneeseaeeneaes Pulse Width Measurements 2 cccesecceceseeceeeeseeeeeeseeeesesnseeenseeeeseseneeseneeeeeensoeeess OTTEN General Maintenance kessieri e MG EENZELEN ie CAIDA ON eegene Ee eegene Battery Replacement viczstocctsashs dieeeteavtiestesdiaeetaeeienats a E a e heat tee FUSE TOSTAK mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmms F se Replacement eebe isc ar a eked del Sie Ae iss SOiWICGEAK E PE TE A E E A E E Replaceable Pais EE Dpechficaitons tetetete tett ttttstttknttkastnatuttnntEnnttnstnaenateanttannnenntenne ennt ii List of Tables Table Title Page International Electrical Symbols Input Terminals and Hr EC Beeper Response in Continuity Test Options Available at Power on Approximate Charge Rate for Capacitors ccecceesceeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeseneeeeaeeseeeseaeeseaees Frequency Counter Operation With Current Inputs Replaceable Parts SO oe Oh gt ili 87 Users Manual iv List of Figur
39. recision and resolution of the duty cycle measurements are achieved by averaging many repetitions of the input signal In rare cases this averaging technique which is similar to pulse width averaging in a conventional counter may cause a measurement problem called aliasing Aliasing results when the frequency of the input signal happens to be exactly synchronized with the reference crystal oscillator of the meter This occurs when the frequency of the input signal can be exactly divided into the frequency of the oscillator 131 072 Hz or one of the oscillator s harmonics When they are nearly synchronized the meter is blind to the correct duty cycle and the display 28 will alternate between incorrect readings If this occurs and the frequency reading was stable press IN MAX to select the MIN MAX Record mode and scroll to the average display The average display will stabilize on the correct duty cycle A common duty cycle measurement is the dwell angle in an automobile Dwell is the number of degrees of distributor rotation that the points remain closed or current is flowing in the coil Use the following to convert a dwell angle to duty cycle in percent Dwell degrees x No of Cylinders x 100 D le RTE 360 degrees To make a dwell measurement set the rotary switch to V select the 40V range press C_Hz_ twice the annunciator on the right side of the LCD should turn on and press the to select the n
40. s of ac noise Noise appears as changing numbers on the digital display and as an oscillating analog display 22 Changing the range may reduce the noise To smooth out the effect of noise on your readings enter the MIN MAX Recording mode and scroll to the average reading Measuring Capacitance Caution Turn off power and discharge the capacitor before attempting a capacitance measurement Use the vi function to confirm that the capacitor is discharged The meter measures capacitance by charging the capacitor with a known current measuring the resultant voltage and calculating the capacitance The measurement takes about 1 second per range push button responses also take about 1 second The capacitor charge can be up to 1 2V For measuring capacitor values up to 5 0 uF turn the rotary switch to UCL A press the BLUE button and connect the test leads to the capacitor The meter will select the proper range automatically Each measurement takes about 1 second per range When making repeated measurements of similar values press to manually select the proper range and to speed up subsequent measurements For capacitors less than 5 nF or in noisy environments use short test leads or a test fixture 1 nF 1000 pF The measurement accuracy of capacitors less than 5 nF can be improved by first using the Relative mode to zero the display and automatically subtract the residual meter and test lead capacitance Since the Relativ
41. sence of ac voltages measure the ac voltage first Note the ac voltage range and manually select a dc voltage range that is the same or higher than the ac voltage range This method improves the dc voltage accuracy by ensuring that the input protection circuits are not being activated A typical application is measuring the dc offset voltage of an amplifier in the presence of an ac signal Measurement errors due to circuit loading can result when making either ac or dc voltage measurements on circuits with high source impedance In most cases the error is negligible 0 1 or less if the measurement circuit source impedance is 10 kilohms or less Applications Measuring Current A Warning Do not attempt an in circuit current measurement where the potential to earth is greater than 1000V You may damage the meter or be injured if the fuse blows while current is being measured in a circuit which exhibits an open circuit voltage greater than 1000V To measure current connect the meter in series with the load or circuit under test Press the BLUE button to toggle between alternating and direct current If you do not know approximately what the current is connect the circuit to the A input terminal first to see if you have a safe level for the mA uA input terminal Use the mA pA input terminal for current up to 400 mA When measuring current the meter s internal shunt resistors develop a voltage across the meter s terminals call
42. sy readings Do not use touch hold to determine that circuits with dangerous voltage are dead Press to toggle in and out of the Touch Hold mode except if you are already in the MIN MAX Recording or Frequency Counter mode In the Touch Hold mode the HJ annunciator is displayed and the last reading is held on the display When a new stable reading is detected the beeper emits a tone and the display is automatically updated Pressing MN maX when you are in the Touch Hold mode causes you to exit Touch Hold and enter the MIN MAX Recording mode In the MIN MAX Recording mode press HOLD to stop the recording of readings press again to resume recording Previously recorded readings are not erased In the Frequency Counter mode Hz press orom to stop the display press again to start it Continuity Beeper Peak MIN MAX Press to toggle the beeper on or off for continuity testing in the ohms function The beeper responds as indicated in Table 2 In the Frequency Counter mode press Cm to change the trigger slope from positive going edges to negative going edges The slope selected is indicated by the analog display polarity annunciator In the MIN MAX mode press Cm to toggle in and out of the Peak MIN MAX mode See item 8 Power On Option Disable Beeper When the beeper has been disabled all beeper functions are turned off The beeper is automatically disabled if the meter is in the Data Output mode B Relat
43. t Function Capacitance Diode Test Function mA tT A 45 Hz to 2 kHz mA A Range 5 00 nF 0 0500 uF 0 500 uF 5 00 uF 3 000V Range 40 00 mA 400 0 mA 4000 mA 10 00ATT 40 00 mA 400 0 mA 4000 mA 10 00 ATT Resolution 0 01 nF 0 0001 uF 0 001 uF 0 01 uF 0 001V Resolution 0 01 mA 0 1 mA 1mA 0 01A 0 01 mA 0 1 mA 1mA 0 01A Accuracy 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 Accuracy 1 3 1 3 1 3 1 9 3 E E R ER SS 2 1 Burden Voltage typical 1 8 mV mA 1 8 mV mA 0 03 V A 0 03 V A 1 8 mV mA 1 8 mV mA 0 03 V A 0 03 V A With film capacitor or better using Relative mode to zero residual t See page 34 for a complete explanation of this notation TT 108 continuous 20A for 30 seconds maximum A 38 Specifications cont Specifications Function Range Resolution Accuracy Burden Voltage typical t 400 0 uA 1 0 2 100 uV uA pA 4000 pA 1 0 2 100 V A 45 Hz to 2 kHz uA 400 0 pA 0 2 3 100 uV uA 4000 uA 0 2 2 100 uV uA Function Range Resolution Accuracy Frequency 199 99 0 01 Hz 0 005 1 0 5 Hz to 200 kHz pulse 1999 9 0 1 Hz 0 005 1 width gt 2 us 19 999 kHz 0 001 kHz 0 005 1 199 99 kHz 0 01 kHz 0 005 1 gt 200 kHz 0 1 kHz Unspecified
44. t A Manual DC Direct E Double insulation Current Protection Class II Either DC or AC E Fuse Ground Disconnect the live test lead before disconnecting the common test lead Follow all safety procedures for equipment being tested Disconnect the input power and discharge all high voltage capacitors through a protective impedance before testing in the Q and gt F functions When making a current measurement turn the power off before connecting the meter in the circuit Check meter fuses before measuring current transformer secondary or motor winding current See Fuse Test in the Maintenance Section An open fuse may allow high voltage build up which is potentially hazardous Getting Started Quickly Getting Started Quickly Examine the meter carefully familiarizing yourself with the layout of the input terminals rotary switch pushbuttons and display Notice the Warning information and summary of power on options engraved into the rear panel If you have used a multimeter before simply examining your meter will probably give you a good idea how to use it The following procedure is an overview of how to take basic measurements A Warning To avoid electrical shock or damage to the meter do not apply more than 1000V between any terminal and earth ground 1 Insert the test leads in the appropriate input terminals see Table 2 If the test leads are in the wrong input terminals when the
45. t the A fuse 11A by inserting the plug end of the test lead into the A input and test the mA uA fuse 44 100A by 87 Users Manual inserting the plug end of the test lead into the mA uA input The beeper emits an Input Alert if the fuses are good Although this procedure will allow you to get started quickly we suggest that you take the time to read the remainder of this manual so that you can learn to take full advantage of your meter s capabilities How to Use the Meter This section describes your meter and how to use it For ease of reference each description is numbered and keyed to the illustration inside the front cover Input Terminals and Input Alert Items 1 4 describe the input terminals See Table 1 for overload limits If the test leads are connected to the Amperes input terminal and the function selector switch is not in the Amp measurement position the beeper will emit an Input Alert An Input Alert will also sound if the test leads are connected to the mA UA terminal and the function switch is not in either Amp position After an Input Alert sounds the meter will attempt to take a reading from inputs applied to the VO terminal Input Alert can be disabled by pressing while turning the rotary switch from OFF to any function position 0 A Amperes Input Terminal For current measurements ac or dc up to 10A continuous 20A for 30 seconds when function selector switch is set to mA A mA uA Mill
46. tand allows the meter to be stood or hung The meter also provides A MIN MAX Recording mode in which the meter remembers the lowest and highest readings calculates the true average of all readings taken over a period as long as thirty six hours and displays these values The beeper emits a Min Max Alert when a new minimum or maximum reading is recorded A Peak MIN MAX mode that captures changes as short as 1 millisecond An alternate Frequency Counter mode that measures duty cycle and displays it as a value between 0 1 and 99 9 An Input Alert that causes the beeper to sound if the test leads are plugged into the wrong input terminals for the function being performed A REL mode that allows you to store a reading in memory and display the difference between the stored value and subsequent readings 87 Users Manual e A Touch Hold mode that allows you to keep your eyes fixed on the probes when taking measurements in difficult or hazardous circumstances then read the display when it is convenient and safe e A display back light that makes the meter useable in dark areas e AA Yedigit display mode for a ten times increase in resolution e A Capacitance mode that measures capacitors from 0 01 nF to 5 uF After unpacking the meter if you notice that the meter is damaged or something is missing contact the place of purchase immediately Save the shipping container and packing material in case you have to
47. uencies below 10 Hz the update rate slows and follows the input signal For frequencies between 0 5 Hz and 0 3 Hz the display may not be stable For frequencies below 0 3 Hz the display shows 00 00 Hz For most frequency measurements turn the rotary switch to connect the meter to the signal being measured and then press Connecting the meter to the signal before pressing Hz will normally allow the meter to autorange to an appropriate range but the minimum input signal required to trigger the frequency counter varies depending on the range and frequency see Specifications If the input signal is below the trigger level frequency measurements will not be taken If your readings are unstable the input signal may be near the trigger level for that range You can usually correct this by selecting a lower range In the Frequency Counter mode the range displayed in the lower right corner of the LCD will only change when you press the button If your readings seem to be a multiple of what you expected your input signal may have distortion or ringing 26 For example electronic motor controls distort both voltage and current waveforms Select a higher input range if you suspect multiple triggering An alternative is to turn the rotary switch to V or mv which will shift the trigger level from OV to a positive voltage that changes with each range In general the lowest frequency displayed is the correct one In the Frequency
48. ve treatment ensures against future erroneous Input Alerts 29 87 Users Manual Calibration Calibrate your meter once a year to ensure that it performs according to its specifications Contact the nearest Service Center or refer to the 80 Series Service Manual for calibration procedures For replacement parts see the parts list at the end of this manual A Warning To avoid electrical shock remove the test leads and any input signals before replacing the battery or fuses To prevent damage or injury install only quick acting fuses with the amp volt ratings shown in Figure 4 Battery Replacement The meter is powered by a single 9V battery NEDA 1604 6F22 or 006P Referring to Figure 4 use the following procedure to replace the battery 1 Disconnect test leads from any live source turn the rotary switch to OFF and remove the test leads from the front terminals 2 The case bottom is secured to the case top by three screws and two internal snaps at the LCD end 30 Using a Phillips head screwdriver remove the three screws from the case bottom and turn the case over 3 Lift the input terminal end of the case top until it gently unsnaps from the case bottom at the end nearest the LCD 4 Lift the battery from the case bottom and carefully disconnect the battery connector leads 5 Snap the battery connector leads to the terminals of a new battery and reinsert the battery into the case bottom Dress the b
49. y cycle readings only Q Ohms Resistance kQ Kilohm 1 x 10 ohms Resistance MQ Megohm 1 x 10 ohms Resistance Hz Hertz 1 cycle sec Frequency kHz Kilohertz 1 x 10 cycles sec Frequency uF Microfarads 1 x 10 Farads Capacitance nF Nanofarads 1 x 10 Farads Capacitance 62 2 Not Used Duty Not Used Holster and Flex Stand The meter comes with a snap on holster that absorbs shocks and protects the meter from rough handling The holster is eguipped with a Flex Stand Some uses of the holster with Flex Stand are shown in Figure 2 Applications This section discusses some common applications for your meter and alerts you to some considerations to keep in mind when taking measurements 17 87 Users Manual 18 SS Holster With Flex stand Bent Holster With Probe In Clip Holster With Flex stand Extended UTTU ad Holster With Flex stand Meter In Holster Face Down Holster With Flex stand Looped Over Car Door For Protection Looped Over Belt Store Ouick Reference Card Under Meter ep2f eps Figure 2 Holster and Flex Stand Measuring Voltage AC DC To measure voltage connect the meter in parallel with the load or circuit under test Each of the five ac dc voltage ranges presents an input impedance of approximately 10 MQ in parallel with less than 100 pF Ac voltage is ac coupled to the 10 MQ input To improve the accuracy of dc voltage measurements made in the pre
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