Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve, Cauca Valley
Contents
1. Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Epidendrum rigidum Jacq P rez amp E Parra 6 Epidendrum rostratum Garay amp Dunst O P rez amp E Parra 12 Epidemdrum scharf Hagsater amp Dodson O P rez amp E Parra 155 VALLE Epidendrum summerhayesii Hagsater O P rez amp E Parra 67 Epidendrum xanthinum Lindl O P rez amp E Parra 85 VALLE Epidendrum sp O P rez VALLE Epistephium Kunth Epistephium aff elatum Kunth O P rez amp E Parra 87 VALLE Erycina Lindl Erycina pumilio Rchb f N H Williams amp E Parra amp O P rez 22 M W Chase Eurystyles Wawra Eurystyles cotyledon Wawra E Parra amp O P rez 27 Galeandra Lindl Galeandra beyrichii Rchb f O P rez VALLE Gongora Ruiz amp Pav Gongora gratulabunda Rchb f O P rez amp E Parra 65 Ida A Ryan amp Oakeley Ida fimbriata Poepp amp Endl A Ryan amp O P rez amp E Parra 34 Oakeley Jacquiniella Schltr Jacquiniella cf globosa Jacq Schltr O P rez amp E Parra 157 VALLE Kefersteinia Rchb f Kefersteinia tolimensis Schltr O P rez amp E Parra 19 Lepanthes Sw Lepanthes sp 1 O P rez amp E Parra 35 Lepanthes sp 2 E Parra amp O P rez 39 Lepanthes Sw Lepanthes sp 3 O P rez amp E Parra 42 Lepanthopsis Cogn Ames Lepanthopsis floripecten Rchb f Ames O P rez amp V Llanten 70 VALLE Liparis Rich Liparis sp O P rez amp E2. P rez 85 VALLE Stelis sp 1 O P rez 86 VALLE Stelis sp 2 O P rez 36 VALLE Trichosalpinx Luer Trichosalpinx cf ciliaris Lindl Luer O P rez amp E Parra 81 VALLE Trigonidium Lindl Trigonidium egertonianum Bateman ex O P rez amp E Parra 33 Lindl Xylobium Lindl Xylobium cf corrugatum Lindl Rolfe O P rez amp E Parra 71 Xylobium cf pallidiflorum Hook G O P rez amp E Parra 63 VALLE Nicholson Thus the Yotoco Forest Reserve is an important locality with a high degree of orchid species diversity and is an ecosystem that should be conserved as a refuge for endemic and threatened species Conservation measures should always be taken in collaboration with the rural community associated with this ecosystem Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Box 2 List of orchid species reported by Escobar 2001 in the Yotoco Forest Reserve Genus Species Collector Collection Reference Number Herbarium Campylocentrum Benth Campylocentrum micranthum Lindl Rolfe Dichaea Lindl Dichaea muricata Sw Lindl Dracula Luer Dracula vespertilio Rchb f Luer Elleanthus C Presl Elleanthus capitatus Poepp amp Endl Rchb f Elleanthus linifolius C Presl Encyclia Hook Encyclia luteorosa A Rich amp Galeotti Dressler amp G E Pollard Epidendrum L Epidendrum difforme Jacq M Guarin O 128 VALLE Epidendrum excisum Lindl Epidend
3. Alexander von Humboldt Colombia Morales G Montano P P rez O y Parra E 2008 Inventario floristico y entomofaunistico de la Reserva Nuestra Herencia Municipio de Riofrio Valle del Cauca Informe T cnico Instituto Mayor Campesino IMCA Colombia 37 p Moreno L y Murillo J 2005 Helechos y plantas afines de Alb n Cundinamarca El bosque subandino y su diversidad Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de 11 Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Colombia Instituto de Investigaci n de Recursos Biol gicos Alexander von Humboldt Colombia P rez O Parra E y Morales G 2009 Inventario floristico de la Reserva Bosque de Pubenza Municipio de Restrepo Departamento del Valle del Cauca Colombia En Baca A Gonz lez M y Pati o A eds Quinto Congreso Colombiano de Bot nica San Juan de Pasto Colombia p 80 81 Salinas R y Betancur J 2005 Ericaceas de la vertiente Pacifica de Narino Colombia Primera edici n Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Instituto de Recursos Biol gicos Alexander von Humboldt Colombia 12
4. Guarin O Stelis Sw Stelis ciliaris Lindl Sobralia Ruiz amp Pav Sobralia klotzscheana Rchb f Foto 1 Xylobium Lindl Xylobium pallidiflorum Hook G Nicholson M Guarin O Photo 1 Sobralaroeziz Rchb f terrestrial common on the edges of the reserve Photo Parra amp P rez 2007 Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Photo 2 Orc iiron adelcadas K nizer epiphyte common on the edges and in the buffer zone of the reserve Photo Parra amp P rez 2008 Photo 3 Masdevaiha pferogiossa Schltr specie endemic to Colombia and threatened with extinction Epiphyte found in the lower relict of the Reserve Rare Photo P rez amp Parra 2007 Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Photo 4 Crptocentnon dekan Schltr Epiphyte species of limited abundance and distribution in the lower and upper relicts of the reserve Photo P rez amp Parra 2007 Conclusions The Yotoco Forest Reserve is a biogeographic locality with a high alpha diversity given the number of genera richness and abundance of some species of the Orchidaceae family that it harbors compared with other ecosystems in the region Morales et al 2008 P rez et al 2009 The reserve is in good conservation state taking into account that the majority of orchid species are ecological indicators of the increasing temperatures associated with large scale deforestation in the
5. Parra 83 VALLE Lycaste Lindl Lycaste macrophylla Poepp amp Endl O P rez amp E Parra 47 Lindl Macroclinium Barb Rodr Macroclinium cf oberonia Schltr E Parra amp O P rez 148 VALLE Dodson Masdevallia Ruiz amp Pav Masdevallia bicolor Poepp amp Endl O P rez amp E Parra VALLE Masdevallia picturata Rchb f O P rez amp E Parra 26 Masdevallia pteroglossa Schltr O P rez amp E Parra Photo 3 30 Maxillaria Ruiz amp Pav Maxillaria cf crassifolia Lindl Rchb f O P rez amp E Parra 86 VALLE Maxillaria lawrenceana Rolfe Garay amp O P rez amp E Parra 9 Dunst Maxillaria pseudoreichenheimiana O P rez amp E Parra 52 Dodson Maxillaria cf rufescens Lindl O P rez amp E Parra 84 VALLE Maxillaria sp 1 O P rez amp E Parra 62 Maxillaria sp 2 E Parra amp O P rez 161 VALLE CUVC Microchilus C Presl Microchilus sp O P rez amp E Parra 178 VALLE Oncidium Sw Oncidium adelaidae K niger O P rez amp E Parra 154 Photo 2 VALLE O P rez amp E Parra 169 CUVC O P rez 187 VALLE Oncidium chrysomorphum Lindl E Parra amp O P rez 149 VALLE CUVC Oncidium pictum Kunth E Parra amp O P rez 68 VALLE Panmorphia Luer Panmorphia cuspidata Luer Luer E Parra amp O P rez 177 Pescatoria Rchb f Pescatoria klabochorum Rchb f O P rez amp E Parra 175 VALLE Platystele Schltr Platystele consobrina Luer O P rez amp E Parra 64 Platystele sp O P rez amp E Parr
6. Rchb f O P rez amp E Parra 31 N H Williams Dressler amp N H Williams Cleistes Rich ex Lindl Cleistes rosea Lindl O P rez amp E Parra 68 Comparettia Poepp amp Comparettia falcata Poepp amp Endl O P rez amp E Parra 16 Endl Crocodeilanthe Rchb f amp Crocodeilanthe sp O P rez 183 VALLE Warsz Cryptocentrum Benth Cryptocentrum latifolium Schltr O P rez 80 Photo 4 VALLE O P rez amp E Parra 151 CUVC Cyrtochilum Kunth Cyrtochilum meirax Rchb f Dalstrom O P rez amp E Parra 156 VALLE O P rez amp E Parra 159 VALLE CUVC Dichaea Lindl Dichaea hystricina Rchb f O P rez amp E Parra 3 Dichaea cf latifolia Lindl O P rez 79 VALLE Dichaeae cf pendula Aubl Cogn O P rez amp E Parra 173 VALLE O P rez amp E Parra 180 CUVC Encyclia Hook Encyclia aff aspera Lindl Schltr O P rez amp E Parra 38 Epidendrum L Epidendrum cf cirrhochilum F Lehm amp E Parra amp O P rez 82 VALLE Kraenzl O P rez amp E Parra 164 CUVC Epidendrum dentiferum Ames amp O P rez 35 VALLE C Schweinf Epidendrum funckii Rchb f E Parra amp O P rez 153 VALLE CUVC O P rez 188 CUVC Epidendrum ionophyllum Ortiz O P rez amp E Parra 174 VALLE Epidendrum porpax Rchb f O P rez 19 VALLE Epidendrum porquerense F Lehm amp O P rez amp E Parra 15 Kraenzl Epidendrum ramosum Jacq E Parra amp O P rez 147 VALLE O P rez amp E Parra 168 CUVC O P rez 189 VALLE
7. and restricted distributions Calder n 2007 Despite the great richness of this family in Colombia the advances in understanding of the species diversity has not been as expected and much investigative work is neeed in order to obtain a more accurate perspective regarding its actual state Calder n et al 2002 Equally it is evident that the high degree of perturbation to which the natural ecosystems are being subjected makes the evaluation and conservation and management of biodiversity a priority Salinas amp Betancur 2005 For this reason keys tool for the diffusion of basic knowledge regarding the Colombian biota are the floristic and faunal inventories Moreno amp Murillo 2005 Escobar 2001 carried out a taxonomic study of the orchid diversity in the Yotoco Forest Reserve and reported 37 species in 27 genera Unfortunately adequate collections were not established Thus the objective of the present study was to perform a taxonomic inventory of species in the Orchidaceae family present in the Yotoco Forest Reserve to facilitate the design of conservation strategies Materials and methods The Yotoco Forest Reserve with an area of 500 ha and vegetative formations characteristic of sub Andean forest Cuatrecasas 1958 is located in the municipality of Yotoco department of Valle del Cauca 3 50 N 76 20 W 1200 1700 m a s 1 20 C amp 1500 mm precipitation 85 average annual relative humidity Escobar 200
8. de 2006 y mayo de 2009 se realizaron b squedas intensivas aleatorias de especies de la familia Orchidaceae Hasta junio de 2009 se habian reportado 80 especies pertenecientes a 46 g neros siendo los de mayor riqueza especifica Epidendrum L con 13 y Maxillaria Ruiz y Pav con seis Como exclusivas de algunas zonas fueron identificadas Macroclinium oberonia Schltr Dodson y Porroglossum muscosum Rchb f Schltr como abundantes y ampliamente distribuidas Epidendrum porpax Rchb f Campylocentrum micranthum Lindl Rolfe y Oncidium adelaidae K niger y como poco abundantes Cryptocentrum latifolium Schltr y Specklinia picta Lindl Pridgeon amp M W Chase Palabras clave Orchidaceae reservas naturales Yotoco Valle del Cauca Colombia Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Introduction The Orchidaceae family comprises approximately 24 629 species within over 950 genera with a cosmopolitan distribution Hassler 2001 In Colombia nearly 4000 wild species and 232 genera have been reported Ortiz 2008 personal communication Anthropogenic intervention has increased rates of destruction and fragmentation of tropical forests placing numerous species at risk of extinction and affecting populations of others Garcia amp Galeano 2006 amongst them species in the Orchidaceae family These species are particularly affected given their sensitivity of their complex ecological interactions their poor genetic base
9. tropics In agreement with Christenson 2003 a reduction in the orchid populations is a frequent sign of harmful long term environmental change phenomena caused principally by deforestation of the native vegetation and the border effect The development of both in situ and ex situ conservation projects should begin focused on endemic species with a high degree of extinction threat at the global level 10 Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Acknowledgements To the Agricultural Science Faculty for logistical support To the biologist German Morales for financing some field trips To the professors Luis Eduardo Forero Pinto and Philip A Silverstone Sopkin for scientific supervision To Carlos Guti rrez Valentin Hidalgo and Gamaliel Rios for their support and collaboration on field trips To the professors Diego Macias Pinto H ctor Fabio Ramos and the biologist German Parra for revisions to the manuscript To the professor Nora Cristina Mesa for a great logistical and moral support To the professor Creuci Maria Caetano for believing in us and supporting this work References Calderon E Galeano G y Garcia N eds 2002 Libro rojo de plantas fanerogamas de Colombia Chrysobalanaceae Dichapetalaceae y Lecythidaceae Serie libros rojos de especies amenazadas de Colombia Instituto Alexander von Humboldt Instituto de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Nacional de Colombia Ministerio del Medio Ambi
10. 1 It comprises two fragmented forest relicts on the highway Buga Loboguerrero the higher with an area of approximately 42 ha and the lower with around 455 ha Between March 2006 and May 2009 intensive random searches were performed in strategic sites banks of streams boundaries and areas with some degree of human disturbance in the 2 Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca buffer zone using the sampling method validated by the Exploration and Environmental Monitoring Group GEMA Villareal et al 2004 In each search the abundant orchid species wer eregistered and on average five photographs taken of each with two or three botanical samples collected Abundance was estimated from field notes Taxonomic determination was perfroemd using taxonomic keys and through comparison with accessions on visits to the following herbaria COL CUVC HUA and JAUM Additionally the data bases of the Missouri Botanical Garden were consulted Individuals that were not flowering at the time of sampling were established in the orchid collection of the Reserve The vegetative material collected was deposited in the Herbaria Jose Cuatrecasas Arumi VALLE and Luis Sigifredo Espinal Tascon CUVC Results and discussion Up to June 2009 80 species in 46 genera were registered Box 1 Escobar 2001 reported 37 species in 27 genera Box 2 The genera with the highest richness were Epidendrum L 13 species Maxillaria Ru
11. Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Cauca Valley Colombia Inventario Orquideol gico de la Reserva Bosque de Yotoco Valle del Cauca 10scar Alejandro P rez Escobar Edicson Parra S nchez y Pedro Ortiz Valdivieso Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Palmira Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Santaf de Bogota Colombia Author for correspondence oapereze yahoo com Rec 1 08 09 Acept 03 09 09 Abstract Orchids were collected over three years in the Yotoco Forest Reserve in the Municipality of Yotoco Department of Valle del Cauca Colombia 3 50 N 76 20 W 1200 1700 m a s 1 a remnant sub Andean forest of approximately 500 ha Eighty species distributed in 46 genera were found The most species rich genera are Epidendrum L thirteen species and Maxillaria Ruiz amp Pav six species Macroclinium oberonia Schltr Dodson and Porroglossum muscosum Rchb f Schltr were restricted to certain zones Epidendrum porpax Rchb f Campylocentrum micranthum Lindl Rolfe and Oncidium adelaidae K niger were abundant and widely distributed Cryptocentrum latifolium Schltr and Specklinia picta Lindl Pridgeon amp M W Chase were scarce Key words Orchidaceae nature reserves Yotoco Cauca Valley Colombia Resumen En la Reserva Bosque de Yotoco 76 20 O 3 50 N 1200 1700 m s n m relicto de selva subandina de aproximadamente 500 ha durante 3 anos marzo
12. a 166 VALLE CUVC Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Pleurothallis R Br Pleurothallis ruscifolia Jacq R Br O P rez 88 VALLE Pleurothallis sp O P rez VALLE Polystachya Hook Polystachya concreta Jacq Garay amp O P rez amp E Parra 179 VALLE H R Sweet Porroglossum Schltr Porroglossum muscosum Rchb f Schltr O P rez amp E Parra 52 Prescottia Lindl Prescottia stachyodes Sw Lindl O P rez amp E Duarte 130 VALLE Restrepia Kunth Restrepia cf antennifera Kunth O P rez amp E Parra 167 VALLE Restrepia contorta Ruiz amp Pav Luer O P rez amp E Parra 0 Rodrigezia Ruiz amp Pav Rodriguezia granadensis Rchb f O P rez 37 VALLE O P rez amp E Parra 160 VALLE O P rez 190 VALLE Sobralia Ruiz amp Pav Sobralia roezlii Rchb f O P rez amp E Parra 32 Photo 1 Sobralia virginalis F Peeters amp Cogn O P rez amp E Parra 2 Specklinia Lindl Specklinia angustilabia Schltr Luer O P rez amp E Parra 28 Specklinia picta Lindl Pridgeon amp M W E Parra amp O P rez 150 Chase Stanhopea Frost ex Hook Stanhopea tricornis Lindl O P rez amp E Parra VALLE Stelis Sw Stelis argentata Lindl O P rez 20 VALLE E Parra amp O P rez 152 VALLE E Parra amp O P rez 158 CUVC O P rez amp E Parra 162 VALLE Stelis cf spathulata Poepp amp Endl E Parra amp O P rez 71 VALLE O P rez 81 VALLE O
13. ente Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial Colombia Vol 1 Calder n E ed 2007 Libro rojo de plantas de Colombia Orquideas Serie libros rojos de especies amenazadas de Colombia Instituto Alexander von Humboldt Ministerio del Medio Ambiente Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial Colombia Vol 6 Primera parte Christenson E 2003 Machu Picchu Orchids Manual T cnico PROFONANPE Per 200 p Cuatrecasas J 1958 Aspectos de la vegetaci n colombiana Rev Acad Col Ci Exact 10 40 221 268 Escobar M 2001 Presentaci n de Yotoco Reserva Natural Flora Plantas vasculares Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Palmira Colombia Garcia N Galeano G eds 2006 Libro rojo de plantas de Colombia Las bromelias las labiadas y las pasifloras Serie libros rojos de especies amenazadas de Colombia Instituto Alexander von Humboldt Instituto de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia Ministerio del Medio Ambiente Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial Colombia vol 3 Hassler M 2001 Statistische berblick ber die Familie Orchidaceae une eine weltweite Checkliste der Orchideen En R Schlechter Die Orchideen 3rht ed I C p 2826 2891 Villareal H lvarez M C rdoba F Fagua G Gast F Mendoza H Ospina M y Uma a A M 2004 Manual de m todos para el desarrollo de inventarios de biodiversidad Programa de Inventarios de Biodiversidad Instituto de Investigaci n de Recursos Biol gicos
14. iz amp Pav 6 species and Stelis Sw 4 species the most abundant were Campylocentrum Benth Oncidium Sw and Epidendrum L The least abundant genera were Specklinia Lindl Macroclinium Barb Rodr and Porroglosum Schltr The best distributed genera were found on both the borders and in the interior of the relicts were Campylocentrum Benth Epidendrum L and Stelis Sw Eurystyles Wawra Macroclinium Barb Rodr and Porroglosum Schltr Were only found in some locations interior of the lower portion of the reserve The specie Masdevallia pteroglossa Schltr Category of Global Threat vulnerable VU Calder n 2007 was exclusive to the higher relict with scarce populations The predominant growth habit was epiphytic 88 with representative genera being Epidendrum L and Maxillaria Ruiz y Pav Amongst the terrestrial species 10 Sobralia Ruiz and Pav Predominated and amongst the rock dwelling species 496 Cleistes Rich ex Lindl and Epistephium Kunth These results show that he Yotoco Forest Reserve is a locality that harbours approximately 296 of the total orchid species reported in Colombia some of which are exclusive and threatened with extinction such as Masdevallia pteroglossa Schltr Calder n 2007 and almost 20 of the genera registered in Colombia making it a ecosystem with a high diversity for this taxonomic group However the highway Buga Buenaventura passes through the high part of the reserve The portion is
15. rum paniculatum Ruiz amp Pav M Guarin O 49 VALLE Epidendrum peperomia Rchb f Epidendrum ramosum Jacq Epidendrum xanthinum Lindl Epistephium Kunth Epistephium elatum Kunth Erycina Lindl Erycina pusilla L N H Williams amp W M Chase Galeandra Lindl Galeandra beyrichii Rchb f lonopsis Kunth Tonopsis utricularioides Sw Lindl M Guarin O 137 VALLE Lepanthes Sw Lepanthes calimae Ortiz M Guarin O Lepanthopsis Cogn Ames Lepanthopsis sp Liparis Rich Liparis sp E Escobar 240 VALLE Lycaste Lindl Lycaste macrophylla Poepp amp Endl Lindl Macroclinium Barb Rodr Macroclinium junctum Dressler Dodson Masdevallia Ruiz amp Pav Masdevallia bicolor Poepp amp Endl Masdevallia impostor Luer amp r Escobar Maxillaria Ruiz amp Pav Maxillaria valenzuelana A Rich Nash M Guarin O Oliveriana Rchb f Oliveriana sp M Guarin O 124 VALLE Oncidium Sw Oncidium abortivum Rchb f M Guarin O Pescatoria Rchb f Oncidium klotzschianum Rchb f Pescatoria klabochiorum Rchb f Pleurothallis R Br Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca Pleurothallis cardiantha Rchb f Pleurothallis secunda Poepp amp Endl M Guarin O Pleurothallis marthae Luer amp R Escobar Prosthechea Knowles amp Westc Prosthechea grammatoglossa Rchb f W E Higgins Restrepia Kunth Restrepia antennifera Kunth Rodriguezia Ruiz amp Pav Rodriguezia granadensis Rchb f M
16. the smaller relict and suffers under the border effects in the unprotected relicts in the buffer zone Thus conservation measures are required in the short medium and long term to 3 Orchid Inventory of the Yotoco Forest Reserve Valle del Cauca avoid as much as possible the impact of these phenomena on the natural populations of the species of Orchidaceae These measures should focus on the species that possess restricted The former characteristics imply that these species are relatively susceptible to disappearing as a distributions and that are endemic such as those of the genus Masdevallia Ruiz y Pav consequence of unpredictable environmental changes or through habitat deterioration Calder n 2007 Box 1 List of species of Orchidaceae found in the Yotoco Forest Reserve with their respective botanical collections and photographic registers Genus Species Collector Collection Photographi Reference Number c Register Herbarium Acronia C Presl Acronia marthae Luer amp R Escobar Luer O P rez amp E Parra 1 Brassia R Br Brassia cf forgetiana hort O P rez amp E Parra 172 VALLE Campylocentrum Benth Campylocentrum micranthum Lindl O P rez amp E Parra 165 VALLE Rolfe CUVC O P rez amp E Parra 170 CUVC O P rez 184 VALLE Catasetum Rich ex Kunth Catasetum cf ochraceum Lindl O P rez amp E Parra 176 VALLE Cischweinfia Dressler amp Cischweinfia dasyandra
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