ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY ON TELEVISION AUDIENCE IN
Contents
1. Mother 1 comes into the room again and asks Father 1 Did you change my program She sits on the bed with some threads a bag of bathing suits Father 1 says to her Here you are he zaps to the reality of Laura on RCN the one his wife wants to watch He is updating his wife about the program but her cell phone rings and Mother 1 runs to answer it She talks by phone about an accident her sister had while stitches up some bathing suits Father 1 asks for the call Mother 1 does not answer him She hangs up the call and continues checking the cell phone and following the program Laura in America 13 Comments about news are always present The subject is about Nicaragua has sovereignty over the Colombian meridian Mother 2 says to her boyfriend They talk about sovereignty when the topic has already expired Entertainment news starts M2 listens to a new about the salsa singer Marc Anthony and says papasito then she goes to the kitchen and takes the cell phone for taking him a photo Next she listens to news about the president Juan Manuel Santos and asks What did he say And her boyfriend updates her later news about Madonna is broadcasted and Mother 2 says to her boyfriend Evangelicals say that Madonna s shows are a tribute to the devil ah you are evangelical aren t you After news about Christmas lights in Medellin is broadcasted M2 says that is so beautiful tod2. www itu int net pressoffice press releases 2014 23 es aspx U2gr IF50Ovc 15 There are almost seven billion mobile cellular subscriptions At the end of 2014 there will be nearly 7 billion mobile cellular subscriptions of which 3600 will be in the Asia Pacific region The increase was primarily due to the growth in developing countries which have 78 percent of the world s mobile cellular subscriptions The data show that the growth rate of cell phone has reached its lowest level ever 2 6 worldwide indicating that the market is approaching saturation Africa Asia and the Pacific where penetration will reach 69 percent and 89 percent respectively in late 2014 are the regions with the highest growth in cellular mobile and where the penetration rate is lower The penetration rate in the Commonwealth of Independent States CIS the Arab States America and Europe have reached over a level of 100 percent and the expected growth might be less than two percent by 2014 The region with the highest Mobile cellular penetration rate is the CIS Accessed 05 05 2014 Available on http www itu int net pressoffice press_releases 2014 23 es aspx U2gr 7IF50Ovc 16 Garc a Mu oz Nuria Comportamientos y h bitos de consumo televisivo del ni o en el mbito familiar Ballaterra 1996 17 Family of the zone 16 stratum 3 18 Desparchado means idle A person who is not doing anything http www spanishcentral com transl
3. El l der de la Manada Casa de Reinas a soap opera by canal RCN and Do Re Millones a TV show by Canal Caracol M1 is watching Do Re Millones Will he win a car Someone who dress like that It would be better he doesn t deserve to win And she changes to another cannel El canal de las Estrellas Female parents show predilection for Teleantioquia news On the news the Madonna concert in Medellin is announced M 3 makes some comments about it Then Yilmar G mez a TV host presents some news about the entertainment session of Teleantioquia news he talks about Madonna s support to the LGTB community And she adds we make part of them too don t we Laughs 5 Programs focused on losing weight like female parents Mother 3 talking by phone with a friend lam here watching a program called Gorditos de Coraz n It is about people who have lost weight will call them they could probably help me loosing 30 kilos She laughed and added I do not believe in that think the best is to close the mouth Before this program was watching The fitness Gym oh what a nice thing It is a shame not to prevent to gain weight She tells her friend she doesn t have time anymore and also she dislikes going alone to a gym did it before because had it into my routine but now cant due to the children and over all because had o help them with their
4. homework And then she keeps on talking about the program Gorditos de Corazon Look at this a woman that weighted 119 kilos and now she weights 77 and repeats 77 it means she lost forty kilos and something much did it poor woman Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 she started to cry because her husband left her for being fat aha due to this she made he decision if not she would have to rebuild the bathroom was too small for her Her life was too sad and she just wanted to die she explains to her friend what food and drinks have a lot of calories and the program advises about how to avoid gaining weight during Christmas time Reception studies show that viewers signify educationally some programs when they recognize problems or significant issues for their family and social life since the program they can explore ways to address them This recognition is facilitated when the program is produced with testimonial forms from people who have experienced and faced these problems instead of shapes made through abstract and general statements Fuenzalida 2011 Mother 3 laughing calls her son and tells him look Roger ha ha ha they are removing
5. kitchen returns to the TV and she watches a news about a director who s is planning some students graduation out the official ceremony because a suspected fraude at the institution she says what a stupid move she returns to the kitchen but she keeps listening to the news Some comments about the series Pablo Escobar El patron del mal Father 3 The jump cut of the scene is seen when they are taken from a side really The mother replies Father 3 yes look look mmm he makes that woman fucks his son Who is that asks the mother ahh He is the one who activated the bomb son is Pablo s brother No he is his cousin Mother 3 Did you watch Escalera al cielo what a shame the main character knew she is going to become blind think i will cry a lot by the end of the soap opera Corean are invading us Corean soap opera but they are good and short Next she refers to the long soap opera La traicionera After she comments with her husband about Escalera al cielo have been told about to follow it by internet the soap opera could do that mean but do not want to forward it prefer to continue watching it on TV That woman Madonna is so demanding she requires once she has left the hotel room everything must be cleaned well because she does not want to leave any single hair in Medellin Dau
6. televisions for each of their children in their own rooms NTV 1995 Although children do not appear passive there are not studies yet that realize the hypnotic state in which apparently television involves them Some of the questions to guide the research on the relationship between these children and television are Actually What do these children really learn from the television and the videos What did they need to learn from television What do they really learn Krcmar 2010 What are the implications of this early exposure to television Each question has opened a broader range of questions Rodriguez 2012 is other of the ways in which viewers are linked to the television some features of the act of watching TV are determined by the fact of if the programs are fully or partial viewed other activity is done while watching TV or programs are watched carefully concentrated or not In the Ethnographic Study on Television Audience in Medellin itis evidenced among the viewing activities listen to the TV Pay for watch TV Does no one watch TV And something else during advertising Zapping and zapping Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 Young from the participant fami
7. the control on the bed and lies comfortably M3 is sitting on the bed watching the soap opera Abismo de passion on RCN channel she seems to be too concentrated but after ad she zaps to a musical channel she smiles and stays there she holds the control in her hands and lies on the bed later she zaps to RCN and zaps again to the other program M3 is waiting the series by RCN starts again she smiles while watches TV zaps a couple of times she return to RCN Maria la del barrio is transmitted she gets up from the bed The participant parents like zapping too Father 1 smiles during the Flamingo advert by the humorists Tola and Maruja Father 3 is zapping between Discovery and Natgeo each time advertising show up In relation to the teleaudiences and habits of television use those aspects that express a more physical relation with the TV are involved In this relation takes place the parts of the house where television is usually watched the schedules the parts of the day the length of time dedicated every day to be exposed in front of the tube as well to consider if the act of watching TV is individual or group In these ethnography habits of consume as The kit Cell phone bed and TV were found 2 CONTEXTS TO WATCH TV THE KIT CELL PHONE BED AND TV Parents use to watch TV after doing work issues checking the mail or the facebook Computers of parents of stratum 5 and 6 are in the library a differenc
8. the study Television and Family an ethnographic experience in the lives of three homes from Colima Bautista Covarrubias and Uribe Lameiras amp Galindo 1994 p 111 it was shown that one of the unconscious uses of the TV is the disqualification of some ridicule family member In other words The image of the television speech is used to give low blows within the family context it means disqualification to someone else This use is evidenced The questions is How unconscious is it Following on the comments The female participants make comments about the actors he performs on Friends series too also they talk about their children s college By alternating the TV viewing with reading the newspaper or some magazine whose topics is also the subject of conversation This time A Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 the note on creative vacation which is published in the newspaper is the chat of the Mother 6 with her daughter Father of stratum 1 his daughter and his nephew talks about a movie they are watching the father tells the daughter the film is about talking dogs and behaviors they do as if they were human They also talk about the a
9. these users with information genres TV broadcasting and the information exchanged through social networks Will some fictions massively conveners persist on cinemas and TV channels In regard to the method David Deacon and Emily Keightley 2011 claim for the use of quantitative and qualitative methods in the analysis of audiences Murphy 2011 points that the key is the media ethnography online or virtual especially for the deterritorialisation of the culture in accordance to Murphy ethnography media expands to occupy new territories like the in the characters of the video game world or the ones of geographical dispersed audiences Conversely Deger 2011 highlights the importance of in situ research based on intimacy and immediacy of practice ethnography that reached to document their experiences of watching DVD movies with his adoptive family Yolngu Australian indigenous community Classical ethnography for observing was used in order to study the family group due to they are situated audiences METHODOLOGY 3 The research was of qualitative and descriptive type Traditional families were chosen to carry out the study families made up by both parents and children Those families with representation of children of both sexes male and female were preferred A code was provided for each family taking into account the social stratum of the family for example number 1 for families of stratum 1 and number 2 for fam
10. 4 food is always present during the adverts or even during a match or a reality show Female parents of strata 4 5 and 6 do not generally watch advertiments and when these show up they channel hoop Exceping if it refers to the Spoiler 9 of their preferred program or soap opera they keep watching it and say j They will kill him jThey will kill him Talking about Pablo Escobar el Patron del mal series In regard to the daughters they always channel hoop during adverts HA1 a 6 year old girl of stratum 1 turns her back to the TV while they are advertising 10 A 2 stratum girl watches the adverts of the living room TV while cooking in the kitchen Female parents of strata 1 and 2 watch commercial announcements Mother of stratum 2 sits on the sofa and watches the news The advert of Maxipowers is broadcasting and she said to her boyfriend 19 Honey That Maxipower is sold downtown for 2 500 During other observation period pampers are advertised and the mother of stratum 2 makes comments about someone who is going to have a baby Someone asks Where that Montaner a singer from M2 answers with a joke he is from Urrao a town in Antioquia and they laugh The singer is from Venezuela The Spoiler of Rafael Orozco el dolo is transmitted all of them watch it silently M2 jokes when was his girlfriend we did not have those kind of problems M2 keep watching the
11. BONILLA Jorge Ivan Re visitando los estudios de recepcion audiencias en Colombia En Comunicaci n y Sociedad Departamento de Estudios de la Comunicaci n Social Universidad de Guadalajara en linea N 16 julio diciembre 2011 Disponible en http www comunicacionysociedad cucsh udg mx pdf cys16_11 3bonilla pdf septiembre 20 de 2011 CARRASCO Jorge Cine y Television Digital Manual T cnico Universidad de Barcelona 2010 CHAVERO Haydee GARCIA Nuria Los habitos del consumo televisivo de una comunidad extranjera elcasodeestudianteslatinoamericanos en Barcelona En EUSKAMPUS Universidad del pa s Vasco en l nea Vol 10 No 19 2005 Disponible en http www ehu es ojs index php Zer article view 3852 19 de octubre 2011 ISSN 1137 1102 FERRES Joan Televisi n y educaci n Barcelona Editorial Paid s 1994 FORTUNY Batalla Jordi 4 Sol Clara 2012 El futur de la televisi a l espai catal de comunicaci Fundaci Escacc FUENZALIDA Valerio 2012 Procesos de la audiencia ante la tv Di logos de la Comunicaci n Revista Acad mica de la Federaci n Latinoamericana de Facultades de Comunicaci n Social Edici n N85 FUENZALIDA V 2010 Educaci n para la comunicaci n televisiva Recuperado de http www cntv cl prontus cntv site artic 20120410 asocfile 20120410190800 art__culovalerio fuenzalida_ 2 mayo 2010 pdf FUENZALIDA V 2011 Resignificacion de la educaci n televisiva de
12. Disponible en http politecnicojic edu co luciernaga7 pdaf 1 formacion _de teleaudiencias pdf JENSEN Klaus Qualitative Audience Research towards an integrative approach to reception En Cristical Studies in Mass Communication Vol 4 N 1 SCA 1987 Estados Unidos JENSEN Klaus K E ROSENGREN Five Tradition in Searach of the Audience En European Journal pof Communication Vol 5 N2 3 Sage Publications 1990 Londres LAMEIRAS Jos amp GALINDO Jes s 1994 Medios y Mediaciones Colegio de Michoacan ITESO LULL James Los usos sociales de la televisi n en l nea Available on http www jameslull com losusos html octubre 19 de 2011 OROZCO G mez Guillermo 2001 Televisi n audiencias y educaci n Enciclopedia Latinoamericana de Sociocultura y Comunicaci n Grupo editorial Norma 2001 p 82 OROZCO G 1996 Televisi n y audiencias Un enfoque cualitativo Madrid Ediciones de la Torre OROZCO G mez Guillermo La investigaci n en comunicaci n desde la perspectiva cualitativa Cap tulo Ill Cap tulo VII Universidad Nacional de La Plata Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicaci n Social Guadalajara Jalisco 2000 p 51 66 129 151 OROZCO Guillermo Revista de Ciencias Sociales en su art culo C mo consumen televisi n los escolares OROZCO Guillerm 2000 La Investigaci n en Comunicaci n desde la Perspectiva Cualitativa Guadalajara Jalisco RUIZ M Elvia Lope
13. Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY ON TELEVISION AUDIENCE IN MEDELLIN COLOMBIA Habits use and contexts of consumption KKK M nica Maria Valle Fl rez Elvia Lucia Ruiz Mar n Liliana Vel squez Natalia Jaramillo Hern ndez Andrea Tob n Mar n Gloria Moreno V lez bs Summary This article presents the habits uses and contexts of viewership consumption in Medellin Colombia This is one of the objectives of an ethnographic study carried out by the research group of the faculty audiovisual communication of Polit cnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid Hereby the sense of television viewing is explored as well the perceptions that people from Medellin have about the public and private television in regards to the digital TV system These results would be present in a future edition Families of the 16 zones in which Medellin is divided participated in the study The findings showed that families in Medellin watch frequently reality shows soccer games soap operas series movies humor shows and news lt can be heard Nothing than watch the small screen or select the Spoiler as one of the programs with highest rating in the city during zapping and zapping Watc
14. Z A 2012 Los nifios menores de tres anos y la television Perspectivas de investigaci n y debate 1999 2010 Bogota Ministerio de Cultura Revista Luci rnaga A o 4 N7 Grupo de Investigaci n en Comunicaci n Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime lsaza Cadavid Medellin Colombia ISSN 2017 1557 P gs 12 22 Disponible en http politecnicojic edu co luciernaga7 pdf 2 ninos menores 3 anos pdf S NCHEZ Vilela R 2000 Sue os Cotidianos Telenovela y Oralidad Montevideo Taurus U Cat lica SANTAGADA Miguel ngel Los estudios de comunicaci n y la etnograf a de audiencias En Revista Latina de Comunicaci n Social en l nea N 10 Octubre de 1998 ISSN 1138 5820 SGAMMINI Marcela Televisi n por cable h bitos de consumo y tipolog as Escuela de Ciencias de la Informaci n Universidad Nacional de C rdoba Disponible en http www toposytropos com ar N6 tesis sgammini htm VALLE F M nica 2012 Medios alternativos de Medell n 1 Recuento Hist rico 1987 2006 Revista Virtual Luci rnaga A o 4 N7 Grupo de Investigaci n en Comunicaci n Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Politecnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Medell n Colombia ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 36 46 Disponible en http politecnicojic edu co luciernaga7 pdf 4 medios alternativos pdf VALLE F M nica 2012 Medios alternativos de Medell n 2 Diagn stico 2005 2006 Revista Virtual Lu
15. a Colombia Researcher professor at the Audiovisual communication faculty of Polit cnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid Email elruiz elpoli edu co Liliana Vel squez Audiovisual Communicator from Polit cnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid assisstant researcher in Ethnographie of the Teleaudience in Medellin respected to the Digital TV Email lilola_7 Whotmail com Natalia Jaramillo Hern ndez 8 Andrea Tob n Mar n Audiovisual communicators from Polit cnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid developped as graduation work the pilot test of Ethnographie of the Teleaudience in Medellin respected to the Digital TV In Medellin comuna 16 Email naty jara87 gmail com Gloria Moreno V lez Social Communicator Journalist Universidad de Antioquia Marketing Specialist He has taught Communication and Journalism Academic Coordinator of the Faculty of Audiovisual Communication of the Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid She currently serves on the dependence of Regionalization of the same institution Email gemoreno elpoli edu co Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 INTRODUCTION Reception studies are developed from the 80 and are considered as a new research trend in relation to the audience Trend in which the proc
16. adverts by Caracol cannel and adds l was a better TV watcher at night before Now get asleep watching La Traicionera soap opera When the news ends Mother 2 takes the control and zap to RCN sports news is broadcasting so she starts zapping and stays on NatGeo channel it is advertising Mother 3 zaps during adverts leaves he room comes back read a document around 7 minutes but then folds the paper into the night table and gets comfortable on her bed and skips channel and finally she stays on RCN In other moment of the observation Mother of stratum 3 lies on the bed and watches the ad carefully she plays with the control waiting for her soap opera she sings part of the song in a hush voice Her daughter says to her Are you crying And she answers ve already stopped crying and laughs A spoiler about a new Corean soap opera is broadcasted and Mother 1 says to her nephew But these ones are very ugly the ones of Escalera al cielo were more handsome The actors Song Joo should not know it one of the characters of the series and she continues That is he the one whois caressing her ay no She dries her tears and keeps on watching the soap opera Then advertising is broadcasting she goes to her bed and says You see it is over M4 surfs to an international channel watches for a while they are talking about fashion she focuses on it and next she puts
17. alindo 1994 p 111 found conscious and unconscious IV uses Among the conscious use it can be seen time regulation support agent regulation time adviser agent means that fosters conversation entertainment media means that empowers to make decisions Among the unconscious uses it was found that television is an instrument of power into the family who watch or not the TV Also the media is used as a catharsis that is presented when television contents provides stimuli directed to the subjects sensitivity The relationship with the media becomes vicarious providing to the subject a kind of relaxation For Neil Postman meanwhile the media create a cultural content are also metaphors hence reception studies should focus on the analysis of media as languages Television is one of the languages with which reality is perceived in this sense it would be like its languages 2 According to this perspective Fiske 1987 highlights the importance of studying the processes of meaning from the joint among the texts and audiences Guillermo Orozco realizes the process in which audience members appropriate and produce sense a process that is essentially cultural Orozco says Audiences enter into an interactive sequence that involves various degrees of involvement and processing of TV content such sequence is attention understanding selection appreciation of what is perceived s
18. and comedy programs According to the participant parents there is nothing like the comfort of the bed The match is going to start said the male parent 5 folding the pillow and then taking the remote control on a hand and on the other one the cell phone The children watch the Fox channel but the daughters occasionally watch football The female parents make comments about soccer they constantly give opinions about the players and the game and they feel exciting because a smart move M6 says He was shown all the yellow cards referee they will get a red card for arguing and Yepes is claiming all the time and add I will get the soccer world cup album just to see Falcao Rodr guez and Yepes M2 says excited Look Falcao The favorite reality show is La Voz Colombia from Caracol channel Also the daughters prefer Mundos Opuestos The parents are interested on La Voz Colombia at the moment the jury participates Their appreciations help the male parent to confirm his opinion contradict the jury or simply to legitimize his opinion in relation to his wife The female parents uses to sing and follows the singer they usually smile watching this program On the opposite in relation o the reality Mundos Opuestos one moher says to her daughter What an awful program Mundos Opuestos l think M 6 we are the only who watch that they both laugh The se
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20. ations and it is just into that place that inhabitants experience relationships with the media and other symbolic forms of communication Lull 1987 p320 In the study Television and the Family An ethnographic experience in the lives of three Colima homes it is argued that The everyday is a happening a presence in which the television course flows as a daily presence within families Bautista Covarrubias and Uribe Lameiras amp Galindo 1994 p 107 The family is a social space Bourdieu 1983 in which rules and regulations should be enforced to maintain permanent coexistence relations Into the family environment individuals learn their first socialization practices an actions and confidence are acquired and class habitus are incorporated The family is a complex system of social relations and mediations Gonz lez 1989 Reception studies are also focused in the uses of the media Jes s Mart n Barbero based on a study with schoolers states some typologies related to the TV uses passionate use worse is nothing use and environmental TV 1 use He argues that television reception studies are a critical trend which involves the analysis of social media use such as acquiring a certain power and social prestige to interact with the other Bautista Covarrubias and Uribe in the study of Television y Familia Una experiencia etnografica en la vida de tres hogares colimenses Lameiras amp G
21. ay is appropriated to go to see it And they talk about the Christmas lights for a while then they retake the topic about Madonna and her photos running on Facebook In other observation time mother 3 is watching TV while her husband talks to her about work issues suddenly she interrupts him and makes a comment about something from the TV Look at him with a pelicano over ha ha ha she laughs while points to the tube and if it peaks his nose They both laugh Stratum 1 father does not retake the conversation he holds the control and volumes up the TV her name is Bella but she does not have any of that he starts zapping by FOX FX ID In other observation time they comment about rugby veterans from Antioquia which played against a French team it was transmitted by Teleantioquia Father 1 says they are old and fat during advertising he prepares the next day clothes Father of stratum 3 and his son makes comments about football they both shout Gooooal the first half is over so they start zapping and next return to Caracol cannel Father stratum 3 speaking loudly Camilo what was the score in the match between Millonarios and Gremio in Brazil During other observation period Daughter 2 D2 hurries to see the news about Radamel Falcao s girlfriend next she stays watching a new about a foreign couple she says always wanted to marry to a foreign man she goes to the
22. ci rnaga A o 4 N8 Grupo de Investigaci n en Comunicaci n Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Politecnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Medell n Colombia ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 51 57 Disponible en http politecnicojic edu co luciernaga8 pdf medios alternativos pdf A Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Politecnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Aut noma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medellin Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 NOTES 1 Ciencias Sociales Magazine in its article C mo consumen televisi n los escolares How is TV consumption in schoolers 2 Cited by CASTELLS Manuel La era de la informaci n la sociedad red Vol 1 Siglo XXI Editores primera edici n en espa ol Madrid 1999 590 pp P g 360 3 The methodology developed in this study will be presented in detail in another article product of this study 4 Families of strata 1 2 3 4 5 an 6 of Medell n Conventions P it is referred to the male parent M to the female mother HO to the male children and HA to the daughters 5 They mean the TV presenter made part of that group Night observation 28 11 2012 in the living room 6 P16 7 Sgammini Marcela Televisi n por cable h bitos de consumo y tipolog as Escuela de Ciencias de la Informaci n Disponible en http www toposytropos
23. com ar N6 tesis sgammini htm 8 Bauman Zygmunt 2005 9 Spoiler Its called spoiler information that advances important parts of a fictional story that is what Roland Barthes in Introduction to the structural analysis of the story called cardinal functions True knots narrative to inaugurate or conclude an uncertainty Marcelo Pisarro It is the description of an important part of the plot of a TV show movie book etc before it is displayed to the public or before any specific person has seen it 10 Tuesday observation 13 11 a las 2 30 pm en la sala 11 observation on 29 11 2012 en la noche main bedroom 12 Chavero Hayde Garcia Munoz Nuria 2005 Los h bitos del consumo televisivo de una comunidad extranjera el caso de estudiantes latinoamericanos en Barcelona Revista de estudios de comunicaci n N19 Disponible en http www ehu es zer nemeroteca pdfs zer1 9 09 chavero pdf 13 Wednesday observation on 21 11 2012 main bedroom 14 The number of subscriptions to fixed telephony has been reducing gradually The results show that fixed telephony penetration has been declining over the past five years At the end of 2014 there will be about 100 million less subscriptions to fixed telephony than in 2009 figures published ITU ICT 2014 Mobile broadband penetration is about 32 percent three billion of Internet users by the end of the year Accessed 05 05 2014 available on http
24. ctresses who appear in the film and previously been in other productions The son of this family is watching the horse trainer program and he starts a conversation with his mother related to this topic How much can a horse like it cost her mother replied and they talk about it for a while 11 Father 1 is having lunch in his bed while is watching a movies by Cine Canal he laughs about what it is running on his son 1 tells him have already seen it and he starts to tell the movie They both laugh The thematic communication 12 is shown in the TV consumption in people from Medellin Mother stratum 1 asks her daughter about the characters and their features she also asks about the situations the characters are experiencing The program has an interactive trend in which the audience is asked questions The mother repeats the question and the daughter answers it stratum 1 husband and a wife s conversation Mother 1 Gets into the bedroom and asks Has Laura started Laura in America Father 1 answers It has not started yet he skips to RCN and says Oh yes it has just started They both watch the program Mother 1 makes up herself while listens to the TV and makes comments about the reality Is Cristian her husband He is so young Father1 replies Yes and what an ugly woman Mother 1 watches the program and enjoys about the host s comments about beauty
25. e from Medellin since the TV The findings of this study shows that young people are more interested in economic news than before and television is being consumed by female parents as a learning strategy for their younger children using it as memory exercises checking their children comprehension and understanding of other view of the world Strata 4 5 and 6 show a consumption of TV at the same time of print media such as specialized or celebrity magazines and general books Generally all strata alternate television consumption with cell phone and internet use Although the last mentioned are not used o complement TV contents A Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 they are not even in the specific case of reality shows These types of interactions could be understood as a trend but they were not evidenced at all in this study Zapping during adverts is a habit unless a spoiler description of an important plot development in a television show film or series is being broadcasted It seems the spoiler allows to be updated about any program or follow a series o some news lt is useful for being in touch in a fast way TV has become the background of everyday life in the teleaudience of Mede
26. e rarely watches the movie and she does it it is for only a few seconds then she pauses the movie The credit is over she explains there is a prepayment plan DirecTV for a TV set cause the ones in the bedrooms has a service of interactive television UNE a national company The mother s boyfriend say goodbye and she talks to him in a recriminating way as the TV shuts off you leave me At stratum 2 home the mother turns on the TV on RCN channel It is broadcasting the Mexican soap opera Maria la del barrio the mother leaves the room no one is watching TV With regard to James Lull 1992 one of the social uses of television is the structural use It considers that in some families the TV is used as a background for everyday life in other words television is part of the family atmosphere it is a kind of company especially for people who use to spend home alone Several types of television uses are evidenced in this study It was observed that the TV is used as a monitor to display browse on internet watch movies online and play video games Respected to the family of stratum 1 both PC and TV are located in the room In the living room the 6 year old daughter and her cousin are watching a Barbie movie on YouTube The TV is also used for playing video games A female mother of stratum 3 plays video games in his son bedroom during the game they speak laugh and shout Children and pare
27. e with the TV that is in their bedroom Stratus 1 2 and 3 generally place the TV set in the living room as well as the computer They have dinner in the dining room with the TV on and talk about the things of the day Father s 1 nephew is approaching from the kitchen father 1 takes out the earphones and they both start to watch and listen to Vallenatos they sing laugh and make comments about the singers F1 goes to his bed to watch a movie and holding the control says That man does not know how to dance Referring to a movie scene where some are dancing ata wedding party The cell is recharged most of the time in the same jack of the TV in the bedroom or living room Mothers watch TV in bed with the cell phone in their hands or near the bed sometimes they alternate with the computer when they are on the PC the TV is always on in other moments they alternate with the housework too such as serving food to her husband or children Mothers TV set is located in the bridal chamber they usually watch TV at the edge of the bed for getting the bedroom in or out easily nn SS Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Aut noma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 If the husband or children are in the bridal chamber watching TV
28. een that some behavioral patterns from real or fictional characters are imitated from this perspective the media play a role of a socializing agent of certain behavior A 6 year old daughter from a family of stratum 1 uses to watch The jungle over wheels program by Disney channel while she does it she sings dances draws and eats Also she watches Floreria de Sofia She loves Disney channel her favorite program is The world of strawberry She zaps between Discovery Kids and Disney Junior from the last mentioned she likes Olivia la colmena feliz and Tutti Frutti adventures Also the kid uses to long in on Youtube to see Barbie movie but she watches TV at the same time and she plays with her father s cell phone Then her father comes into the room lies down on the bed with her and starts to calls her Olivia Olivia Olivia the name of the character from the series by Disney Junior These findings are consistent to Fuenzalida 2012 that points that television attention suggests several types Collet 1986 found that children play move and interact while watching TV laugh tease etc Barrios 1988 noted that some children watches TV while doing homework and others play with their own toys while watching TV Studies on CNTV about child television consumption show similar results in Chile consumption with lower infant interaction is related to the upper social classes that provide
29. es P3 Discovery channel is chosen by male parents as well as Cinemax MegaStructures and Mega Machines are the preferred programs P1 turns on the TV to watch the list of broadcast programs of the day service provided by interactive TV he adds it is here where El Capo is broadcasted but it is too late We d rather zap to Cinemax Other different observation day male parent 1 enjoys an action movie starred by Jean Claude Van Dame Morley 1988 in some of his studies found that the male approach to television tends to be more exclusive and dedicated Fuenzalida 2012 Although in the carried out ethnography this type of approach was not evidenced nn Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Politecnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Aut noma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 Daughters choose channel broadcasting Warner Brothers NatGeo Caracol channel E channel Boomerang Discovery Home 8 Health RCN Space Fox Sony The programs they select to watch are Friends The Big Bang Theory Gente nica El chico de media tonelada Private Practice Bank of Hollywood Acumuladores The Amazing Race The X Factor Grey s Anatomy They ocassionally watch soccer games and also news They prefer Caracol news Warner Brothers NatGeo Caracol channel E cha
30. esses are analyzed and meaning is constructed through the media exposure From this perspective the audience is considered a dynamic agent Klaus Bruhn Jesen 1992 TV audiences have the ability to provide own meaning to the media and in this process of media reception a range of interests and legitimate pleasures of the audience are satisfied The study of the audience not only takes into account the sensors and media content but also emphasizes in the contexts where receptors live so they create the appropriate frameworks from the messages make sense lt is clear that everyday family life can be defined as a context of reception Ethnographic observation of television viewing by a viewer within the household is a situation that integrates television reception with the time and space of everyday family life Fuenzalida 2006 especially chapter 2 A diverse situation of the reception of other cultural consumption where the everyday household is left aside to enter in other reception situation Time and space conditioned specially under own regulations such as the movie theater the theater concerts and shows sports fields classrooms library workplace etc Fuenzalida 2012 Everyday family life is the context in which television is viewed and interaction processes and media entertainment are experienced Home is the place where people through their interpretative and creative abilities have their own occup
31. ghter 2 sing a Madonna s song Music JSI Music makes the people come together JSJ and she says ah have to A Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 cook rice and she puts the cell phone aside and goes to the kitchen Investigations about the conduct and behavior of consumers of television reformulate the concept of audience from actions and social relations that have joined to television viewing The term active audience Callejo 1995 defines therefore the behavior and actions of users of the media that have been implemented in daily habits of consumers through the reception process The family space the home continues to be the privileged place of television use Television and family share the same space so that the consumption of television broadcasts sits on one s family relationships 16 2 2 No everything is TV 2 2 1 We are not tied up The participant families use to go out to Explora park the bothanical garden to eat out or to the movies during their spare time They also visit their relative go to the country side and watch TV together On weekdays they usually watch TV in the afternoon and at night They point that televisi n does not tie them up t
32. hair to that hairy man with that wax like this chaque and she imitates with her hand still watching the show and laughing try to pronounce the name of the program ridicule ridicu her child from the bedroom door says ridiculous After zapping insistently a female parent says there is nothing to watch Zapping from a news program to other is frequent in male parents of stratum 1 2 3 y 4 They surf from Caracol channel news to Telemedellin and then to RCN and to NTN 24 channel I watch the news To be informed about what is happening in the country 6 Male parents of stratum 1 prefer sports news broadcasted by Teleantioquia the local channel also they like Nuestra Semana Nuestra Tele and El Lavadero this kind of shows are about the entertainment news those shows are from RCN channel Also they watch One ways to die by Infinito channel Testigo Directo and The Suso s Show a stand up comedy casted by Telemedellin a local channel and Serenata by Teleantioquia a musical show of typical Colombian music Male parent 4 enjoys watching The Suso s Show at the same time he is zapping to Testigo Directo that is broadcasing an interview with Popeye one of the Pablo Escobar s lieutenant also like History Medicine decoration and cook channels Male parent 5 documentaries public opinion programs and movies by Film 4 Arts like documentari
33. hey report not to follow any specific program and their daily activities are not influenced by TV Stratum 5 father says don t mind if skip a program in the past liked to watch El capo for some months On the other hand father 4 says football matches are the only program that determines my routine try to schedule my activities and get home early to watch the game Martin Serrano 1981 p46 in his analysis of television found that in most cases the behavior of the subjects was determined by the television programming As well as the working patterns the feeding time and the activities outside the family context In the case of this study it was found that television has a low influence on the programming of the daily life activities of the families In general watching TV included in the observed parents routines of strata 1 2 and 3 while they help their wives with household chores this routine is observed according to the their work schedule Strata 4 and 5 use to watch TV on weekends in their country houses F5 get up early listen to the news on the radio read the newspapers work on the computer write articles and read watch TV in my spare time But am not interested on television as before do not have a strong habit of watching TV anymore F6 cook breakfast take the children to the college go to work do personal training courses paint prepare classes work
34. hing TV for people in Medellin means to have a moment to share with family members or friends where comments and critics about the programs news or actors are recurrent topics They use to watch TV in the afternoon or at night however they report no to be tied to any specific program and these do not make part of their routines they never wait for programs or follow series neither For younger people TV is for desparchados Keywords TV Audiences ethnographies viewership in Medellin televisi n Television uses consumption habits families and TV Recieved May 28 2014 Accepted Aug 28 2014 M nica Mar a Valle F PH in Scientific Social studies ITESO Technological Institute Mexico Master in Communication from the University Iberoamericana UIA Mexico Specialist in Management Communication from the Pontificia Bolivariana University Colombia Journalist and social communicator from the University of Antioquia Colombia Director of the Research Group in Communication GIC Editor of Luciernaga Comunicaci n journal http www politecnicojic edu co luciernaga 10 and Intersecci n Events tourism gastronomy and fashion Journal http www politecnicojic edu co revistas interseccion interseccion 1 Researcher teacher Polit cnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid Email mmvalle elpoli edu co Elv a Lucia Ruiz Mar n Specialist in Televisi n from Pontificia Bolivariana University Social communicator from the University of Antioqui
35. his relation are mediated by everyday life determination and the link to the audiences with other media technologies Other challenges of audience studies is discern about what people are doing with on and around the media Gouldry 2011 as well of studying the effects of anger fear and enjoyment mediated by the mass media Emotions that could infect quickly entire communities nations and even populations sometimes with catastrophic effects Gibbs 2011 The commitment of audience research must go through the analysis of media A Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 content and their cultural effects of viewing violent content Ruddock 2011 also studies about fans and fandoms Busse amp Gray 2011 and audiences differentiated ethnically Madianou 2011 According to Fuenzalida 2012 an important field of research is opened with multimedia receivers In this regard he suggests the following questions How is the TV reception in the current media environment What intertextual constructions are performed by multitasking users What kind of interaction occurs in front of television programs What kinds of programs will remain as the most attractive What will be the relationship of
36. ilies of stratum 2 and so on Also a code was assigned for each member of the family like this male parent of stratum 1 P1 female parent of stratum 1 M1 H1 son of stratum 1 HA1 daughter of stratum 1 in the Same way were classified the members of stratum 2 3 4 5 and 6 The selection of the families aimed to represent each one of the social stratum Two visits were conducted in order to strengthen ties and create and effective immersion between the researcher and he subjects under study During the first they were told about the scope of the study while they had a snack On the second one the consent was signed The observation process was carried out personally by the researcher during 3 days per week and the other days it was done by recording videos which was activated by any member of the participant family Observation and recording sheets were also used in which were recorded the observations of the everyday life of families characterization routines sets mediations consumption and other uses The record of observation was conducted from November 15 to December 15 of 2012 1 FINDINGS 1 1 Consumption habits In the Ethnographic Study on Television Audience in Medellin in relation to the digital TV it was found as common facts that the members of the family in question 4 male parents female parents sons and daughters watch generally football reality shows series soap operas movies
37. kitchen for a coke and gets back to the bedroom lies on the bed and keeps interacting with the cell phone Next she goes to the library uses the computer turns it off She walks takes out from her bag a lap top She turns it on and charges for a while later the telephone rings she turns downs the TV and talks about her job issues she hangs up the call and gets back to the bedroom she starts zapping and watches for a while Finally she gets up again The television is always on when they are inside their rooms Sometimes children go to their parents room they change the program make comments about the University or family issues and speak later they return to their rooms they sit next to the computer and while doing their coursework listen TV or just keep it turned on at low volume The TV is always on when they are inside their rooms When they leave go to the room of their parents change the program make comments about programs talks about the university or family issues and return again to their rooms they sit next to the computer and while the do homework listen to the TV or just keep it turned on at low volume Son of stratum 2 interacts with the laptop checks his email and logs in on Facebook Son stratum 1 He takes he control and and looks at today s schedule and says I will see this one and that one too finished reviewing the menu leaves the page and continues wa
38. lies watch Film Channel TNT Film Zone documentaries about Life HO3 Horror Movies This routine includes checking the Black Berry listening to the TV and coming and leaving constantly from their room the other parts of the house At a stratum 1 home the child watches on NatGeo Channel Mayday Air Disasters and ESPN Sports channel HO2 also watches Taboo and Nat Geo channel Camilo a stratum 6 guy H06 watches friends but he constantly channel flicks across programs and ended up watching nothing This habit of consumption perhaps is associated with what Bauman 2008 8 called the syndrome of impatience a mood he considers abominable spending time where consumerism characteristic of these times is not defined by the accumulation of things but the brief enjoyment of them This new order of accelerated life not by necessity but for the obligation of taking advantage of the several offers of happiness allows the individual being someone new each time The 6 year old daughter of stratum 1 6 years HA1 is returned to her room with a cell phone in her hand concentrated playing with it sits on the bed while the TV is on she rarely turns to watch the programming channel Minutes later she lies in bed and still playing with cell alternating it with the TV The game called her full attention she just listens to the TV She gets mad when he loses the game and starts it again another one Sh
39. llin Does nobody watch TV Do they just listen to it It was not tested in this study Although the TV is simply on while they are interacting in their daily life lt was found in strata 1 2 and 3 that they hire a prepaid cable TV by DirecTV communication Company it means a service for weeks days or hours this modality differs from the monthly payment many people contract with UNE communication Company All strata consume international channels On the other hand the parents tend to watch shows about celebrities news In Colombian society it was supposes these programs were preferred by women before They like El Lavadero by RCN channel they also prefer programs about history medicine decoration and cook Programs about football humor and sopa operas are preferred by the teleaudience of Medellin The conscious use of TV has been established as an agent of support and advice it is a mean that foster conversation entertainment and decision making A variation in regard to time regulation or routines that were previously determined by the TV programming is presented Among the unconscious uses it was seen that sons and daughters determine the programs to watch unlike previous studies in which it was observed that parents determined what younger children should watch A high tendency to use the contents of the TV for disqualification or mocking any member of the family The use of the media as catharsis is e
40. mbers have already arrived at home until 10 30 from this time the TV is on without manipulation until they go to bed it is around 12 00 On Saturday mornings mothers and daughters set musical channels while they do housework on Sundays they use to download a movie by internet CONCLUSIONS The consumption of television broadcasts in people from Medellin Colombia is based on their own family relationships Summing up it presents a mutual understanding consumption of TV consumption It means member of the families enjoy watching TV together parents daughters sons housekeepers etc The male children of strata 5 and 6 prefer watching TV individually Mothers of strata 4 5 and 6 generally do not watch adverts and they skipped them In contrast to mothers of stratum that occasionally see advertising and even make comments about them Male parents use to talk with their wives or children about the programs The topics about mass television consumption take precedence over topics related to study work or personal issues unless these have to do with the programs they are watching at that moment As Neil Postman expresses We do not see the world as it is but as our languages are in this sense television would be one of these languages they are metaphors through which we conceptualize reality in one way or another The question that remains is What kind of culture and dialogue with the other is suggested to peopl
41. nnel Boomerang Discovery Home amp Health RCN Space Fox Sony The programs they select to watch are Friends The Big Bang Theory Gente nica El chico de media tonelada Private Practice Bank of Hollywood Acumuladores The Amazing Race The X Factor Grey s Anatomy They occasionally watch soccer games and also news The prefer Caracol news They enjoy their preferred programs Ones about humor and jokes Other program that seems to be important for them is S ptimo d a but during advertising they do channel hooping although they always return to the program HA2 a 20 year old single mother is cooking while playing music She places the lap top on a chair She talks by phone about the weekend s party Next she goes to the bedroom and feeds her baby soup while she watches RCN news Another social applications listed in this ethnography is the use of social learning in terms of Emeritus Professor of Communication Studies at San Jos State University California James Lull acts from early childhood and is that generally adopt behavioral patterns imitating certain real or fictional characters from this perspective the media constitute socializing agents of certain behavior Another social applications listed in this ethnography is the use of social learning in terms of Emeritus Professor of Communication Studies at San Jos State University California James Lull acts from early childhood and it has s
42. nts hold their cell phone while watch TV and they receive calls They usually talk about work or study Also they turn TV with the tablet use and sometimes they read magazines like JetSet Parents alternates the TV with the book of the moment both things are always on the bed Finally the tube catches their attention and they focused on the final stage of La voz Colombia Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 While the TV set is on all family members do an alternative activity they are on the computer cooking handling mobile devices doing homework talking eating especially teenagers who have other forms of entertainment so the TV it is a second choice Since mi son was a child has been sitting next to the TV on playing with his cars M16 Zapping as a particular way of watching TV it is a practice an evidence of the psychological need for a fast pace in television programs as a result of the modification of perceptual habits of the younger generation Ferres 1994 In this ethnography it was observed that the first few seconds of the adverts catch the attention of the parents who take a short look at them even they are caught by a book P6 or while a program starts P
43. on my students papers F1 in my free time like watching TV or hanging around F4 On weekends spend time with my family and watch TV F1 works as a watching man in a condominium and says watch TV at work and adds with mischievousness use my eyes a lot at work It was observed that the participant families usually watch TV together wives husbands and children and sometime friends are inclusive Children according to their study or work schedule do housework study go out with friends play XBOX play football and watch TV Stratum 1 son get up do housework go to school in the morning In the afternoon watch TV do sport near the church go out with the reggaeton band spend time on the computer Stratum 2 son get up early to go to college in the afternoon watch some football matches play XBOX study spend time surfing on Facebook and go out with my friends Stratum 4 son sell shoes play football spend time surfing on Facebook play XBOX read go out with my mom Stratum 6 son go to the movies or to the theatre go out with my friends 2 3 Television is for desparchados 18 Daughters and sons say they watch television when they idle or do almost nothing When we want to rest we turn on TV to be lulled by the sound 17 The most common schedules for TV consumption is from Monday to Friday from 7 30 P M when all family me
44. ries programs Soap operas are also preferred by the family It was observed Pablo Escobar el Patron del Mal was one of the most viewed series Female parents from stratum 6 make differences between this series and the The Capo RCN M 3 sits on her bed to remove the nail lacquer she places on the bed the stuff to polish nails and asks Has the Capo started Zaps looking for the series and says it started at 9 before and It is 9 15 and It has not started yet The participant female parents specially from stratum 1 and 2 tend to watch soap operas they prefer El ultimo matrimonio feliz Escalera al cielo and Abismo de pasi n broadcasted by RCN channel also the female par A Gitanos Privace Practice S ptimo dia futbol and humor programas The most viewed channels are Caracol RCN national channels NatGeo Discovery Super Canal Teleantioquia the local channel Discovery Channel History Channel The Film and Art y National Geographic Home amp Health on this channel they prefer Adolescentes Rebeldes and Sala de maternidad The local channels Teleantioquia and Cosmovision as well as the Canal de las Estrellas are other channels consumed by female parents especially from stratum 1 2 and 3 They visit them when the other channels are advertising In Teleantioquia the program El Colectivo and news are the most watched Among the favorite programs are
45. sde la escuela a la vida cotidiana Una visi n desde Am rica Latina Comunicar 36 XVIII pp 15 23 FRANKENBERG Lorena LOZANO Jos Carlos amp varios Enfoques te ricos y estrategias metodol gicas en la investigaci n emp rica de audiencias televisivas en Am rica Latina 1992 2007 En Comunicaci n y Sociedad Departamento de Estudios de la Comunicaci n Social Universidad de Guadalajara en l nea N 010 Julio diciembre 2008 Disponible en http redalyc uaemex mx pdf 346 34601004 pdf septiembre 27 de 2011 GARC A Mu oz Nuria Comportamientos y h bitos de consumo televisivo del ni o en el mbito familiar Ballaterra 1996 Tesis doctoral Disponible en http tdx cat bitstream handle 10803 4154 TNGM3dez3 pdf sequence 3 A GOETZ J P LeCompte Margaret Diane Etnograf a y dise o cualitativo en investigaci n educativa Madrid Ediciones Morata S A S 1988 p 281 GUBER Rosana La etnograf a m todo campo y reflexividad Enciclopedia Latinoamericana de Sociocultura y Comunicaci n Bogot Grupo Editorial Norma 2001 p 146 GONZALEZ Jos Fernando RUIZ Elvia y Otros 2012 Formaci n de teleaudiencias cr ticas juveniles Interlocucion la mejor retroalimentaci n Revista Virtual Luci rnaga A o 4 N7 Grupo de Investigaci n en Comunicaci n Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Medellin Colombia ISSN 2017 1557 P gs 1 11
46. tching the movie while is having lunch 2 1 Uses of television consumption Lull 1992 suggests that among the social television uses the relational use is presented it provides a common frame of reference that is used for exchanging messages in the family in other words it is a source for several issues of family conversation This use is also defined in terms of a complicit media which refers to providing entertainment to the consumer in the company of others In The Ethnography of Medellin relational use was evident another of the elements of the ritual of television viewing is conversation Parents use to talk to their wives or children about the programs They talk about football laugh relate topics from reality shows with situations or people they know Only a visit or phone call take away the parents from the comfort of the bed mothers also make comments such as when Home amp Health will run a program about pregnant women and babies And watching accumulators program she says she keeps even diamonds referring to the jewels the accumulator keeps the program is about that person who despite of his impairment must continue paying their computer studies this causes a reaction in the daughter 6 who states Ahhh and tells her mother who teaches computer and is short height You see Informatics is for disabled people The mother refuses the comment and said you are crueler than me In
47. they rarely attend when the mother makes a suggestion change the program this is sometimes done when it is advertised and most part of the time it is omitted Daughters 5 and 6 prefer to watch TV in the bed either in their bed rooms or in their parents one on one side is the cell phone and on the other the control If they are in the parents bedroom they are in charge of the control zapping Ahhh You did not allow me to see nothing the mother says 6 It is while it starts again the daughter answers referring to the program her mother was watching Between zapping and zapping the mother has to watch the daughter s choice Each 10 minutes the daughter changes the channel Her mother 6 says Your finger is too activated The daughters watch two programs at the same time but additionally they speak to their parents check the cell phone messages and talk by phone HA6 gets a cell phone call and bothered says How did they get my number She asks to be withdrawn of the database she is not interested in partying offers she hangs up and talks about the issue with her mother Continue watching the program the channel advertises and shows a preview of another channel program Ask your mother about the call she received One cannot demand legally that Her mother says No surely you signed something somewhere they took your data and there is nothing to do H5 goes to the
48. torage and integration of previous information Fiske with the intention of recognizing that among the viewers of a program there are differences that should be taken into account suggests using the term audiences in plural in order to blur the homogenizing implications of the term audience in the singular Fiske says there is not a homogeneous society but the social system is crossed out by axes of class gender race age nationality religion politics etc all of them produce in a high or low level marked differences where power dimension is implied In the context of the television several challenges are offered for reception studies For the Mexican Guillermo Orozco 1996 one of them is the difficult task of observing the fragmented ephemeral dispersed audiences Audiences that apparently do not make any distinction between entertainment and news or politics and pleasure etc That is way for Orozco it is necessary to understand the audiences as agents As subjects that are being developed in many ways and differentiated as a result of their particular interaction with television and over all as a result of various mediations that are in the game in their reception process According to the British Morley 1996 the challenge is to be able to construct the audience as a social and cultural phenomenon and the ability to recognize the relationship between viewers and the television machinery and t
49. videnced significantly especially in mothers of strata 1 2 and 3 The Television audience in Medellin makes comparisons among channels and programs They make comments about programs They expect the programming of the channels is broadcasted as it was scheduled There is a great tendency to watch weight loss programs Female parents of strata 1 2 and 3 like to follow day by day the soap operas they are no interested in forwarding chapters on internet They like short series There was not evidence of customer loyalty for any channel or program In Medellin television is not the focus of the family life itis at home it is listened without not much attention and it is often off and interchanged with other media BIBLIOGRAPHY e AHUMADA Rafael TV Su Influencia en la Percepci n de la Realidad Social Universidad Aut noma Metropolitana 2010 e APARICIO Calero Fernando Modalidades actuales y perspectivas del servicio de televisi n en Colombia Disponible en http www comminit com la node 149841 noviembre 9 de 2011 BARRIOS L 1988 Television Telenovelas and Family Life in Venezuela En Lull J ed World Family Watch Television Sage BAUTISTA Ang lica COVARRUBIA Karla URIBE Ana Television y familia una experiencia etnografica en la vida de tres hogares colimenses En GALINDO Caceres Jesus amp LAMEIRAS Jose Medios y mediaciones Mexico Colegio de Michoacan ITESO 1994 p 101 127
50. zA Claudia Escobar C Juan 2011 LOS J VENES EL IDEAL EST TICO Y LA TELEVISI N El cuerpo real y el imaginado Grupo de Investigaci n en Comunicaci n del Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Medell n Colombia A o Ill N mero 6 ISSN 2017 1557 Disponible en http politecnicojic edu co luciernaga6 pdf jovenes ideas estetico tv pdf Revista Luci rnaga Facultad de Comunicaci n Audiovisual Polit cnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid Escuela de Ciencias de la Comunicaci n Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosi A o 6 Edici n 11 Medell n Colombia 2014 ISSN 2027 1557 P gs 15 27 RUIZ Elvia Los Imaginarios de la Cultura Som tica que Construyen los J venes Escolarizados de Medell n a partir de las Representaciones que Transmite la TV que Ellos Consumen Universidad de Antioquia Polit cnico Jaime Isaza Cadavid 2009 MORLEY David Televisi n audiencias y estudios culturales Buenos Aires Amorrortu Editores 1996 MURILLO Javier MARTINEZ Chyntia INVESTIGACI N ETNOGR FICA M todos de Investigaci n Educativa en Ed Especial en l nea Disponible en http www uam es personal_pdi stmaria jmurillo InvestigacionEE Presentaciones Curso_10 l_ Etnografica_Trabajo pdf octubre 19 de 2011 NIGHTINGALE Virginia 2011 The Handbook of Media Audiences Series Editor Annabelle Sreberny School of Oriental and African Studies London This edition first published RODRIGUE
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