Home

特集 「変動期の東アジアにおけるジェンダー主流化――現状と新たな挑戦」

Contents

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. EU
19. 40 33
20. 50
21. p 223
22. 2012
23. 1 GDP
24. 23
25. 1
26. 1975 CSW Comission on the Status of Women 32 1988
27. 2
28. 1 3
29. institutions
30. 1982 2011 NGO
31. 6 20
32. 2000
33. 5 50 PER CH
34. 8
35. NGO f LT a u F
36. x BAL
37. RRR ARERR TRIER RES BE
38. il I amp ER Ei JER PAHS E EFEO RED p Hh Er O WS E C ASS V PRSE BI Ze BR SL E
39. IGS 70 X gt 18 2015
40. 2000
41. 15 2005
42. 3 8 3 The Moral Harm of Migrant Carework Realizing a Global Right to Care
43. NGO
44. P
45. 66 18 2015
46. United Nations 2005
47. v
48. 3
49. 73 20 a
50. p 30
51. E
52. lt F AVERY f La TIC B gt 161 lt 26 gt IGS
53. 2 2001
54. 6 200 2000 2007 http www_givewellorg 7
55. p 116 1 L
56. 11 25 IGS 2014 11 1
57. 90
58. f 2013
59. AL 103 1GS
60. LILA Pilipina Exective Director n amp r ic FE E
61. 5 2012 4
62. JICA IGS 146 xs N 25 gt 25 4 H 1 26 3 H31H
63. ESD Why Gender Matters in ESD
64. 7 1 2 E 20
65. 2007 2009 50 1 47 9 52 4 47 6 45 4 50 0 27 7 28 2 27 1 244 25 1 23 7 22 2 23 9 20 5 27 9 29 5 26 3 World Bank 2011 p 47 Bo
66. 79 20
67. CG LGBT
68. Dp 127 social connection model of responsibility
69. KE 108 18 2015
70. 1 2005 2007 2000 2008 2 _ Social Politics 12 3 Daly 2005 Squires 2005 Verloo 2005 Walby 2005 3 ERA
71. 2013 Miura 2012 Te JEN welfare through
72. 18 2015 2 1
73. p79
74. 101 18 2015 n GENDER AND ELDBAL JUSTICE a Alison M Jaggar Gender and Global Justice Cambridge Polity Press 2014 ISBN 978 0 7456 6377 7 223p US24 95 C DERRE CGO XS ERMIT ZUN Z AT4 AIL global justice 1
75. 35 28
76. ESD 2 2015 KIGEPE MDGs EFA
77. 116 18 2015 a lo 10
78. 1985 30 59 6
79. Nguyen Thi Thu Ha 2011 Drummond and Rydstrom 2004 p 2
80. 72 18 2015 20 Early in the twentieth century Japan supported Chinese reform of the ed ucation system At the request of Chinese government Japan accepted Chinese students for teacher training and dispatched Japanese teachers to China help ing to start new schools there In addition to the official dispatch of teachers by the Japanese government Japanese women went abroad independently to help the girls schools launched by progressive Chinese China s new education sys tem in1902 was planned only for boys schools and conservative people opposed girls
81. 2014 10 9 pp 143 144 AV AV AV AV http newsJivedoor com article detail 9327280 2014 10 307 7 A
82. 65 2014 3
83. 107 BE
84. 1 3 2015 30 709 2020 100
85. 8E1998 p 84 56 p 336 56
86. 100
87. 8
88. 2010 IMF 2012 10 Can Women Save Japan 2030 63 G 7 70 1 GDP 4
89. 63 2001 2012
90. E lt
91. 3
92. 1990 2 2002 6
93. 6
94. E E 17 14 38 3
95. I c 3 1 2002 gender sensitive
96. Ly 18 2015
97. Rai 2007 E
98. 123 I LGB LGB
99. 2003 R 2003 pp 89 91
100. 7 8 7 Reforming Our Taxation Arrangements to Promote Global Gender Justice 8 Gender Injustice and the Resource Curse Feminist Assessment and Reform X v
101. BIT SRV AREA SED CH OK TIGS 113 18 2015 2014 400 ISBN 9784272350407 6500
102. 50 OECD 62 18 2015
103. Xu 3 2013
104. 35
105. REIS H nlt
106. 2008 5 8 M Alison M Jaggar 1 2010 77ozzzs Pogge and His Critics Polity Press Thomas Pogge Cezez and Global zxs7ce
107. 64 18 2015 2013 x
108. 1990 2007 10 14 1 13kg
109. 5 4 2009
110. C 35 12 7 GRA O EOI J E 38
111. 688 76 2 493 5459 World Bank 2011 p 76 2010
112. Evelyn and Bacchi 2005 Alfama Cruells Alfama Cruells a procedural drift of the strategy transform
113. TARAS 1998 2009 2006 61
114. Zygmunt Bauman 2000 2001
115. 2014 10 18 Keiko HIRANO When Working Abroad Becomes a Dosa Sin The a Impact of Women s Migrant Domestic Labor on the Gender Relations in Rural Indonesia REM Forthcoming TREO B gt gt FA GS GS BLE IGS 3
116. 1 Saskia Sassen 103 Alison M Jaggari t Gender and Global Justice
117. B 1 tt B 6
118. 2014 26 12 22 M 1 2010 Kumagai 2012 SE 2005 pp 50 51
119. LB F 112002 g BORE E 2001 2006
120. BE 2004
121. C gt LOE GS 18 2015 Women s Political and Economic Participation in Japan and Korea Empowerment Beyond Numbers lt gt TGS ku e BLE IGS
122. CO G7 10 1 IGS 7 10 2014 3
123. 0 2 3 3
124. E 1997 PCOSOC 1998 the Council of Europe
125. KS 77 20
126. Miura 2012 1970 1950 60 1990 mi 3 E
127. 54 18 2015 25 44 IM
128. 7 8 9
129. US Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands USCAR 4 USCAR
130. 3 3
131. 6M 2
132. lt B EAR MAL A T CLK PBR OU T ED O 3 Ay D
133. 21 2013
134. 6 1990 2000 2010
135. 21 amp 1995 1996 1980
136. 2004 p 66 1991 p 212 4 5 2 6 35 1902 7 1909 8
137. 145 455 JICA
138. HE ie A ER PN RG ee
139. p 237 1
140. p i Mii pii
141. 8 9
142. LGB 4 LGB
143. 1990 Kantola and Squires 2012
144. LC PARLA 2 7 3
145. ak 1 partial critique 2 133 18 2015 PTT LIS TN r
146. Altman Dennis Homosexual Oppression and Liberation New York Avon Books 1971 2010 3 53 2002 pp 348 364 125 18 2015 H HE dw ou i T E ho abd 2014 312H ISBN 978 4 326 15430 2 2 5001 B 1975
147. 2000 2007 aas GS
148. E RS A Da c 76 HEF 8
149. World Bank 2012a p 29 20 2014 11 References Beresford Melanie and Tran Ngoc Angie eds Reaching for the Dream Challenges of Sustainable Development in Vietnam Singapore Nordic Institute of Asian Studies 2004 Drummond Lisa and Helle Rydstrom eds Gender Practices in Contemporary Vietnam Singapore NIAS Press 2004 Duong Thi Thanh Mai Mainstreaming gender in formulation of laws looking back at 5 year journey at the National Workshop to share experience in GEL implementation December 2012 Vietnam oral presentation ILO Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in Vietnam An Overview of the Legal Framework Hanoi 2013 Khuat Thu Hong Sexual Harassment in Vietnam A New Term for an Old Phenomenon In Lisa Drummond and Helle Rydstrom ed Gender Practices in Contemporary Vietnam Singapore NIAS Press 2004 Ministry of Finance MTAP Document for the 2014 2016 period of the financial sector for the implementation of the financial strategy up to 2020 2014 Ministry of Labor Invalids
150. AF pp 226 7
151. JI 1997 2007 10 2008
152. 2001 2003a 2003b 2006 2006 10 26 57
153. I
154. Molyneux and Razavi 2005 Moser 2005 1995 10 1996 2002 12 2003 5
155. LGBT LGBT 2000 LGBT
156. agenda setting approach Lombardo 2005
157. 48 9
158. JICA IGS 2011 3 11 11 10
159. 143 DBA HE OC ESD Why Gender Matters in ESD IGS
160. uu P ry 140 18 2015 141 18 2015
161. 49 1 1996 Law on the Promulgation of Legal Documents 2002 EF Law Amending and Supplementing a Number of Articles of the Law on the Promulgation of Legal Documents 231 2007 p 110
162. 136 18 2015 AS pp 202 3
163. 4 119 E AE p ul 3
164. 12 21 22 39 3 FEM 36 12 5 REO REBT
165. 2002 LGB LGB LGB
166. No 57 H TH 38 18 2015 GSO 2011 105 9
167. 2011 2020 7 22 5 10 2011 2020 2011 2015
168. LGBT LGBT
169. IGS IGS H 18 2015 lt gt 23 7 gt EHF ci
170. 120 2009 1 n Apod I
171. NTS 70 E 71 AST 70 AU 1999
172. 27 3 14 2015 IGS INALCO XC Tul zu hp 3
173. 2 30 10
174. IGS BLES IGS 4 26 4 27 3 1 1 26 7 3 2014 1 IGS 18 2015 27 2 18 2014 2 IGS
175. 3 4 127
176. World Bank 2012a p 39 E
177. 2013 1 18 1988 pp 81 97 at 1
178. Eva Feder Kittay 4 Transnational Rights and Wrongs Moral Geographies of Gender and Mieration 2011 NGO 2
179. 1 128 18 2015 10 10 L 10 5 33 33 5 1 1 5
180. f f
181. P2000 2014
182. 2004 AV AV AV
183. 2002 2006 World Bank 2011 p 51 41 2008 VHLSS Vietnam Housing Living Standards Survey 90 58 2008
184. 80 WID Women in Development GAD Gender and GAD
185. 8 MERR 6 2 GENE EH sa 6 3 GRD eJ GERNE 6 5 CERERE _ 1 1 1 2
186. BLES E gt BUS GS GS 5 QD ATT 153
187. Gender Responsive Budget GRB CEDAW 1982 lt 34 1992 7
188. 1 2 3 3 3 3 47222 3
189. 2 z Gender and Global Justice Rethinking Some Basic Assumptions of Western Political Philosophy 3 1 Transnational Cycles of Gendered Vulnerability A Prologue to a Theory of Global Gender Justice
190. AV AV AV AV
191. 2 2 2008 MOLISA MOLISA Gender Equality Department GED CFAW
192. Ef EJ EMEC OBA HY Zk Se GAT SEE CIEE CW SBE CIOL RBAN RA E v Bo 29 EU Squires 2005
193. H HR WEP IGS IGS 2013 5 29 17 30 20 00 Sex Gender Society Rethinking Japanese Modern Feminism Emory University 2013 4 H J Emory University
194. masculinity MASNS 87 HA EM n PR Al Ix i y Kimmel 2012 p 605 breadwinner
195. nu fi 173 18 NA piu gm Bu lt yug i
196. 4
197. C gt BRAS GS 2013 10 f 11 3 IGS King Corn M Pollan Pollan M 2008 In Defense of Food An Eater s Manifesto 149
198. Connell 1995
199. 2 Transnational Women s Colectivities and Global Justice women s transnational collectivities Martha Nussbaum
200. 2011 4 3 or Hanako for Men
201. 105 18 2015 pe di ce gd B I 2013 210 ISBN 978 4 7917 6756 4 2 000 ks e M a L Claire Maree 2013 1950
202. 2009 75 World Bank 2011 p 52 3 1 70 Cling et al 2010 p 6 3 2
203. 2010 2006 Ke SI E 2002 Hi EY 10 2012 3 2011 1 HE y 18 2015
204. A FARA BOSE X4 TEIL IN SLE pega EA a5 RA s Dias rs cui a 1GS 26 5 31 ER eRe RETR OMAR One yaw aad i Hi 2 ATZUSUAN MMM RS Too cpu OAZ MATET IBERIA LPR MERC
205. 2004 Baden and Goez 1998 2004
206. DS 2008 1 A l 2 200 words 3 5 4 2 2 172
207. DV 4 6 ABLE
208. d gt IGS WEP IGS ESD 2014 11 1 2015
209. p 100 131 ERT DD TEE
210. 1 ku i COA 4 MER TERRE EER MEREM EE 3 ZaxXxU4qmu U 7Z ZaavwVvWv fts TRAE B 1 2005 17
211. Khuat 2004 p 121 ILO ILO 2013 p 11 2013 ILO
212. 1 Bt Diversity intersectionality
213. AV 3 AV AV AV 3 AV AV
214. elie 33 o 2 8
215. 74 Em 18 2015 1 A
216. 2007 MENR 18 1 OH EU 2004
217. 60 Bd 26 500 600 300 100 200 37 56 29 31 13 23 4
218. ESD o 2
219. Lynch 2006 55 2012 GDP 1 32 1 GDP 2007 GDP 2007 3 3596 3 2794 noB asco 3 00 optom mer Benefts mind SL ogg ROSE Day cuwHasns hekp m m deer Oher Cash Benefit M ng RS ULM and Parental Leave ORF A Fani Airing i 1 0455 J 1 0 be
220. 3 3 50 2
221. BLE IGS IGS IGS 4 24 4 25 3 1 Ep 25 9 27 1 IGS IGS Food Ethics
222. 2003 6 17
223. ML DACRE AZ E 4 EBS 114 2 13 3 F4 12 3 IRA ARARE RR S E KE 7 4 29 4 E 4 8 3 1H
224. 5 DV DV 8
225. 8 2010 2008 2010 3 2008 2011
226. Hii CECE CH 17 2011 1 18 http www kantei go jp jp singi housetusyakai dail siryou2 pdf 2014 12 22 2006 2009 20124E http www hinkonstatnet 25 2014 12 22 2012 2013 2006 2013
227. 1980 2 1992 2012 Orientierungswissen
228. IGS 129 18 2015 2014 342 ISBN978 4 00 025963 7 3900 SUAM ERF A fea b M Iris Marion Young OE Responsibility for Justice Oxford University Press 2011 1990 2006
229. KF p 160
230. PO BARI 6 t OR 2 IGS Q6H3H 163 lt 26 gt IGS SR EDR FA PRR IGS
231. 5 6 7 TeaPot 8 200 9 5 10
232. 43 14 18 2015 1 2 ai l 2013 2 A POPC xa Bg CBE TEI TRALEE COCA d5 S 3
233. ESD PTSD DV
234. 139 20141
235. 2012 pp 320 321 J 1er 94 HAA p353 18 2015 92004 pp 179 180
236. 24 18 2015 1 2008 7
237. 3 integrating approach MA
238. 21 2 2005 pp 255 287 443 49a AAAA ATMS et ASA ATF JALAR oss el YS SALE Mags Metso et 21 2 2005 pp 255 287 15 1 2007 pp 108 141 443 usb BES SHOE E Hagae ASS ANS ASA Asatte rese 15 1 2007 pp 108 141 3 2008 JAA FARA 3 1948 207 87 81 9 Wels xr 7138 Bb Ast olg 2008 20 3 2004 pp 171 206 amp d78 31 418 S g P3 amp ssl E ACs BS ue ASS CPB SASS HAS SSA ojbuw mAMESiRAME ec AAAA esas 20 3 2004 pp 171 206 2005
239. 2 p23 IL
240. 2 1980 IMF 3 1980 NIES 111 al ROEMUINSNSA EK CORD amp CUCTHHBRICLA
241. 110 18 2015 ap A CREE ey TV 2014 313 ISBN 9784 275 01058 2 7600 2012 1970
242. 6 IGS KA IGS lt EC gt gt eH 6 GS ELAS GS 2 16 17 2 9 10 2
243. Bt 2000
244. 2 3 2014 2016 2013 2014 2016 gendered aspects
245. 5 1960 6
246. IL HORE Mal p 18 Ly 135
247. AIT 8 IGS HEUS IGS IGS AIT x M gt II uU 5 Iz Ki Me W 1
248. 70 60 1
249. 2011 2020 1 2015 80 2020 2 2015 3 2015 4 2015 1
250. 11 2013 pp 35 58 Charlesworth Hilary Not Waving but Drowning Gender Mainstreaming and Human Rights in the United Nations Harvard Human Rights Journal 18 2005 pp 1 18 Kantola Johanna and Judith Squires From State Feminism to Market Feminism International Political Science Review 33 4 2012 pp 382 400 Rai Shirin M Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of Women Mainstreaming Gender Democratizing the State In Rai Shirin M ed Mainstreaming Gender Democratizing the State Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of Women Transaction Publisher 2008 Vacchi Carol and Joan Eveline Gender Mainstreaming or Diversity Mainstreaming The Politics of Doing NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research 17 1 2009 pp 2 17 Verloo Mieke Multiple Inequalities Intersectionality and the European Union European Journal of Women s Studies 13 3 2006 pp 211 228 Waylen Georgia Transforming Global Governance Challenges and Opportunities In Global Governance Feminist Perspectives Rai M Shirin and Georgina Waylen eds Palgrave Macmillan 2008 18 2015 Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conserva
251. Globalisation Gender Space amp Place 3 lt IGS lt gt IGS gt JAWS lt gt IGS lt GS
252. 2011 2015 No 67 2011 TT BGDDT 2011 12 30 2011 2015 No 16 2009 TT BYT 2009 9 22 2010 2011 2020 5 2011 2016 2011 2016 2011 2020 7 4
253. 117 18 2015 rm use ene qued 2014 276 ISBN 9784750339740 4 500
254. 2010 pp 114 5 o 2 3 place home domesticity 1970 humanistic geography
255. ED BRETO 1978 m IGS 2014 IGS GST a 2 mo m 4 15 a
256. OECD 2014 9 69 OECD 80 ATTI 2010 25 44 2010 665 2020 73 2013
257. b No 11 NQ TW 2007 4 27 gt gt 2020 25 30 409 30 gt 30
258. 2 57
259. JAWS gt IGS gt IGS lt KA lt IMAGE fi H gt cd 165 26 gt gt IGS lt IGS RRR IGS lt
260. KE 2006 David Harvey 2005 2007
261. resentation 70 2007 AL 1 RIR A FARE Sb PA 0 238 2008 12 p 178 6 6 20084 2008 12 p 179 7 Resolution No 57 01
262. 2010 3 2010 100
263. 2014 1 25 im E nul CLI 18 IGS 4 2 IGS ge SEE 3 IGS
264. 3 11 ROMY MA 2014 14 8 2014 8 PPS fx 2015 4 1 3
265. 755 26 1 25 BSBA Al 29 B EHAKE 7
266. F 2002 2012
267. 4 AHA 7
268. Women s Political Representation in Local Legislatives A Japan Korea Comparison Q 05 H 31 85 EST T RA
269. 2013 p 33 109 XE s 3 4 2008 p288 2013 pp 58 59 5
270. pp 241 242 Lad pp 252 253 124 18 2015 coming out of the closet OF 9 HIE 1970 1971 2010
271. 3 1 2 4 2 6 4 2
272. 27 3 17 27 3 23 112 8610 2 1 1 Tel 03 5978 5846 Fax 03 5978 5845 E mail igsoffice cc ocha ac jp URL http www gs ocha ac jp Tel 058 229 5858 Fax 058 229 6001 Special Issue Gender Mainstreaming in East Asia in the Era of New Challenges Gender Mainstreaming Theory and Practices Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan Rethinking Gender Mainstreaming South Korean Case Gender Policies in Contemporary Vietnam Achievements and Challenges Neoliberal Motherhood Contradictions of Women s Empowerment Policy in Japan Neoliberalism Neoconservatism and Gender Mainstreaming since the 2000s Political Growth of Women s Movements as the Core of Gender Policy Research Reports Japanese pis atch of Female Teachers to China in the Early Years of the Twentieth Century Changing Masculinities in Japanese Youth Viewing from Place Home and Domesticity Book Reviews SUZUKI Suzumi AV joya no shakaigaku Naze kanojotachi wa jozetsu ni mizukara o kataru no ka Sociology of Female Porn Stars Why They Talk Eloquently about Themselve
273. Development 1985 3 Te 1 the Beijing Platform for Action Charlesworth 2005 Waylen 2008 pp 261 paragraph 201 991 EU parlance 1995 4
274. 8 D
275. Bo 137 18 2015
276. 2 2 3 zu Es ra
277. 1 6 1001 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 10 11 2 5 51 GERE 50 GUI 11 12 5 3 GEGEN
278. 2000 GS RMA RIAL HBL S IGS 3 25 IGS GS Bb FRIAR GS 3 26 Doreen Massey
279. Chant and Gutmann 2000 p 1 2000 1990 2006
280. IGS ESD UNFPA ESD 2014 ESD ESD
281. 2010 32 8 2005 20 9 UNDP 2012 p 2 42 3 2001 2005 2006 2011 2011 2016
282. 2014b 1990 EP 1 Chad Steinberg and Masato Nakane Can Women Save Japan IMF Working Paper https www imf org external pubs ft wp 2012 wp12248 pdf October 2012 20144E12H 22H 2
283. 2015 SDGs Sustainable development Goals ESD post2014 3 ILO ESD 2015
284. 144 18 2015 ESD IGS 157885 1892 70 1962 1974 F
285. LGBTT
286. ol 2010 calender 1990 KOKI COBRE 2007 2008 KOR Grows 2006 KOM 2005 KOR 2004 X KOR 2003 OB ROVE KOR 1988 KOM KO 1989 KORL SE 1991 KOR 1992 ROR 1993 ROP 1994 ROSES OP
287. 2013 p 191 2008 RE AAAS at 1 LGBT 4 2
288. A gt IGS JA IGS WEE IGS IGS GS 1 2
289. 3 EREA Bikiak Ea PREF BAKE iis PS 25 7 20 2 EU GS UMIFRE19 CNRS MAEE IGS IGS MREF TERTE MIRE ABBHA JOURS AT Be DAS ORRAT REMH CRIT ORA 25 11 23 IGS IGS
290. 673 782 392 50 5 48 18 2015 2012 6 8
291. Ga 5 5 f 91 6 888 902 62 2 70 8 66 6 16 4 28 1 22 9 90 2 90 2 902 68 6 756 72 2 28 1 36 1 324 950 93 5 94 3 89 6 91 9 90 6 69 2 67 2 68 2 93 0 90 9 919 852 830 841 56 0 60 7 583 93 3 93 9 93 6 80 9 65 5 742 47 4 38 8 42 7 90 9 91 1 91 0 83 8 87 6 85 8 54 7 58 9 56 8 92 1 90 7 914 89 5 86 4 88 1 584 69 6 64 0 95 4 87 7 91 9 67 3 78 2 731 45 6 525 49 3 90 3 97 9 94 1 76 1 818 784 528 63 1 08 0 914 92 7 92 0 66 1 765 712 392 50 5 44 1 World Bank 2012b p 76 90 954 87 7 903 97 7
292. IH 8 157 25 gt 3 8 3 9 3 11 3 12 3Q0 2 1 1 GERNE 1 2 GERNE 1 5 CHERE f 13 GE 1 4 CBRE 1 6 GRUNER
293. M E 8 N 155 25 gt 35 4 27 amp EJ 9 NS E EE 31 MM HIV MSM
294. OECD 2005 2013 p 378 DEY So 2013 2009 2012 1 2014
295. 3 2 8 2014 11 1 I GS
296. IGS IGS EL AH PIR IGS 12 17 12 17 UCLA lt gt TGS gt IGS gt
297. s E E4 7 f 2013 5 25 2013 4 4 A 2013 EU 2013 7 20 21 A f 2014 3 25 2013 10 26 SES GER 2013 6 25 2013 7 5 A 2013 10 25 A
298. 1999 2004 2004 2011 1999 2004 2004 2011 1999 2004 2004 2011 1 64 156 546 3 92 346 4 09 8 19 28 13 11 42 20 26 5 60 10 61 World Bank 2011 p 79 10 4 3 46 6 500 UNDP 2010 p 2 716 62 1 on 22 2
299. NGO GEB 2014 1 25 H 2014 3 12 A 154 6 prs Aes 7
300. TOS ERE al RREO E KEE Cl IO BRR i O XEFEBRBEALL ECT BI LCS CIC Z EE
301. 1
302. 2012 Bn 7 2012 2014 3 uox 2001F pp 35 56 Ft Xe A 2 3 ME PH 2012 pp 1 35 EJ f ESEHUEFILBU SEES 214 2014a pp 3 5 867 2014b pp 52 58 2013 Fil 56 Bauman Zygmunt Liquid Modernity Polity 2000
303. a bp Ha m 1 EIS RSA IGS 2007 gt 2007 4 ILO UNDP OF
304. 2
305. K POP Rene 2006 3 95 y HS n PR Al i
306. 1 3 f 2 6 2 7 2 2 9 2001 2 4 2 11 2 12 2 13
307. 3 8 QW no 3 GEHEN MEAG 300 GEHE 4AQ J EHE OH 1 14 2 31 d s THe MESH THRE 2 2J ESTEE SO 34 A 14 1 FE HANES TARMAC 5J 6
308. 50 50 23 20 J 60 30 22 30 17 60 BBE ZEON TEGERE 50 39 1906 27 100 50 30 80 65 80 50 150
309. LGB p 70 LGB pp 74 75 LGB
310. Viet Nam National Committee for Advancement of Women NCFAW No 27 2004 CT TTg 22 8 63 10 39
311. 1990 6 1990
312. GS 5 29 IGS WEE IGS ESD UNFPA ESD FUE IGS
313. M 1x77 A RISE Y BAR REM II OT ERS 26 6 3 LILA Pilipina Exective 12 Director AR IGS IGS 0 z UCLA APO ERIE eigo qr RIEF CK Se KAMMER IG 5 RO iGs i 1325 NAP 26 12 17 RETE OSHERI DA AEAEE 2c A QGS 26 7 eee Paes AV JRR GSAS MART ERAAN ENR 2 IGS 1 26 7 10
314. 1990 p 17 17 1
315. 2 9 79 2002 10 95 11 3 P1835 43816 2 3 8 4 1 2 2 12 REK 2004 1991 WF 2007 13
316. 2001 Lynch Julia Age in the Welfare States The Origin of Social Spending on Pensioners Workers and Children Cambridge University Press 2006 Miura Mari Welfare Through Work Conservative Ideas Partisan Dynamics and Social Protection in Japan Cornell Press 2012 Harvey David A Brief History of Neoliberalism Oxford University Press 2005 University AR Sa Pent 68 E 20074F 0 yx4 18 2015 2000 mf N 2000 2000 WTO
317. 30 12 1 156 E GERE EN EG 15 3 14 4E 4 2 3 2 3 4 ZH DG ERE ZN TBR BC GE CT 5 6 4 5 18 2015 6 7 D o 4 5 CREE
318. F 112 18 2015 NGO
319. Q 2013 12 20 A 2014 3 7 f 2014 1 26 A lt 202030 gt 18 2015 m Ku 1042 1 EFI m 2014 2 7 D PRETO 1978 1 e
320. 2015 SDG s m on f 3 11 3 5
321. 1987 1990 Kim 2002 Jones 2003 2007 2
322. 24 m 25 11 1 HIV e 25 11 15 30 TYL 2014 2007 2010 HIV
323. 50 2011 2020 2020 25 35 40 30 4 1
324. 60 18 2015 1993
325. BPO 2007 BPO m 2 T
326. MP 19 m Hr 6 HER 2 T gt J
327. WEL AA 90 1 ZH
328. 25 1 5 IGS IGS 12 20 GS 18 2015 147 25 gt 1 1 19 4 1 Ho FH 8 3 11 H as BLA
329. liability model sweat shop
330. qu M 2014 2 H25 H2G ISSN 1345 0638 a 35 as 1 Chang Ling HUANG 7 21 33 53 69 71 73 87 JR 99
331. m m 3 2014 m 63 m m 7 1 4
332. 4 5 6 7 30 18 2015 References 2001 a rE et AAAA are WEE MAGGS At GES AAI 2000 2003a Skwejg us ARE Tle JAA AFRA AAAs as epe WHE AAGA AA Ea xxm Al 2003a o 2 2003b 3AA AATA C423 2003b
333. 19 20 10 dH H
334. 150 GS IGS Adz QGS f Iu BH E 18 2015 IGS IGS WIZ IGS C
335. 4 1990 2000 E 482345 6 ar EVA 4 Ly BOR HX 4E E r4
336. 8 5 9 1980 390 2000 380 25 http www mhlw go jp bunya koyoukintou joseijitsujo 11 html 2014 12 22 10 25 30 http www gender gojp about_danjo whitepaper h25 zentai index html 2014 12 22 ll http www mhlw gojp toukei list chingin_zenkoku html 12 22 http wwwmhlw gojp toukei saikin hw k tyosa k_tyosa10 2 7html 2014 12 22 13 OECD OECD Economic Survey Japan 2006 Income Inequality Poverty and Social Spending http wwwr oecd org japan economicsurveyofjapan2006incomeinequalitypovertyandsocialspending htm 2014 12 22 14
337. 3 5 40 26 100 2 140 150 100 50 70 38 39 42 2
338. 5 Global Gender Injustice and Mental Disorders um 104 18 2015 6 Discourses of Sexual Violence in a Global Context IZZ
339. m 164 11 ESD ESD E 200 2014 2015
340. 2011 f E 1 25
341. 2014 26 12 4 80 18 2015 35 1902 m SMERF CR hib PRAM 33 100 36 1903 50 FIED 20 50 120 20 BRASS BR ERBRAAS 1403620036 22 BREFE 30 38 1905
342. 27 8
343. 2010 53 2
344. 12 2 CD R 13 14 gt 15 16 17
345. No 11 NQ TW 2020 2007 4 H27H J gt No 48 2009 ND CP No 48 19 5 2009 gt gt ii 2011 2020 2351 TTg gt 1
346. 121 18 2015 rd MT ete AAT URS SRF I ry 2014 276 ISBN 978 4 275 01075 9 3600 F
347. EVAR O WH 39 3 A 51 40 5 6 H 583657 52 41 3 9 409 43 4 29 H 8651977 84 53 40 18 2015 8 26 381 5 6 365 42 2 12 457 4 9 465 54 35 6 13 6 18 55 m xe ASME 3 22 56 36 9 27 36 12 13 37 5 26 57 38 58 40 59 39 5 60 42 4 2 Ho 61 40 1 14 62 40 20
348. 1980 ha
349. 1998 2000
350. 2 167 lt 26 gt gt M 4 95 6 E 0
351. 24 is 24 16
352. 2 14 2 5 2 16 3 1 KELE RRR 3 2 3 3 3 4 4 2 GME 3 5 43 CER 4 4 3 6 3
353. AV AV AV AV AV AV AV AV AV
354. 2013 2013 fi 2 2014 IGS 2014 10 DESD
355. 6 AAAF ax AFATA FE 21 24 f R f EERE 15 4
356. C 30 SE EW RENIE OJI VERo ToD EEN Z EMILE BE BEBEaETGZSLI fd BUBEREA TC ESSAEZO2Z SHolfoleT A Z 8M4 fto32z4x40472488Ek 5 b0ftvzsz d HWU HFE DIEZ HIET 420 92 18 2015 fC amp Ex B30ftBi E 4 bv MIRER OS YAN ZZR FA FX PCH T Ac6PCHK PCZ AlB3 d XE TAS vVZkEXQEAREOAd FAIZIOOK vo RUOKFAREL 02 of9o 0Itft HFE bh eJ Olt T2 KUM E lt dis cf TRE VeltMAe Ebol PALRoTLER B Ikot L ERK CY JKE NTOE Old HIE EDEKI FEDR A E FAIZ
357. State management agency a b c 21 1 4 1 12 2007 2011 Committee on Social Affairs PCSA National Assembly Standing Committee 13 67 17
358. p 116 ACRE
359. 4 AIT AIT f BHF ATT E gt E E E RAS AIT
360. 46 18 2015 5 96 91 World Bank 2006 5 1 15 17 53 68 World Bank 2011 World Bank 2011 p 28
361. p 11 LGB pl LGB pl LGB LGB p53 ot LGB
362. 15575 8 2006 2012 35 pp 135 151 2009 R oe c e HM 7 4 2004 DO n up A CARLA MES ORL 2003 lt gt 2005 2002 qu EH 2004
363. BRET BAS im 132 18 2015 BCR
364. No 34 2011 ND CP No 66 2011 ND CP No 112 2011 ND CP No 27 2012 ND CP 2012 gt gt 2016 2020 25 35 30 95 2020 30 100 11_NQ TW 27 4 2007 No 57 01 12 2009 No 48 19 5
365. World Bank 2012b p 76
366. im 1 2 3 4 3 1 1 2 3 2 3 3 3 4 3 5 4
367. 2006 BE 2007 EENE
368. 2007 45 1 1999 pp 140 145 2002 1997 85 anb GG N D This paper highlights a recent change in Japanese men and masculinities in relation to the idea of place home and domesticity In Japan the prevalence of non regular employment in the labor market has drastically increased since the 1990s This has hit younger men in particular as they find it difficult to establish themselves in line with the existing gender norm of men as breadwinners The author examines three types of newly emerging masculinities in Japa nese youth 1 soshokukei danshi literally herbivorous boys 2 otaku nerds obsessives and 3 metouyo the internet right wing Herbivorous boys
369. 26 69 35 4 18 49 4 4 JE Tr AR UNDP Tay 3 45 2010 5000 799 684 273 16 1 446
370. 3 24 2017 44 2013 1 E 2 56 18 2015
371. HABA 60 2 30 50 60 65 100 60 100 20 20 ELLE e 8l 20 19 50 AREF PR FE 40 40
372. 8 9 gH 151 25 gt 2 IGS 25 4 24 5 8 5 15 GS 6 ll 23 H MEJE E I FE i
373. 12 13 MERR 5 4 OER 5 5 GEHE Ve PH DUE 16 17 5 6 5 27 GEHE 5 8 CEU 5 9 GEHE 6 GEHE 2
374. 1GS UNFPA 25 5 29 1GS IGS a PR Ay bo Eros 26 1 25 n WiPPA Pena IGS IGS 30
375. 10 2011 f 2003 2
376. 19 35 vi
377. 7 8 4 6 CR f E 4 7 D 8 9 THERE A a 4 8 CEHE 9 10 OJ GEHE 4 10 WEE 1 1 AKE 10 12 1 2 EA SSE eR 1 13 1001 v 1 5
378. Korean Women s D Estimation of wage loss from career disruption English research paper 2012 24 Jongsoog Kim and Taek meon Lee Teories about and strategies against hegemonic social sciences editors Michael Kuhn Shujiro Yazawa associate editor Kazumi Okamoto Policy study for improving job creation policy in the social service sector V social enterprise for women workers in the care sector Researcher in charge Oh Eun jin joint researchers Kim Nan ju Chang Won bong English research paper 2012 19 Korean Women s D Summary of the status of the application of the divorce by agreement system and its improvement methods chief researcher Bok Soon Park Korean Women s D Public survey on the practices of gender equality and the barrier factors focusing on academic interpersonal and extracurricular activities in campus life Ahn Sang Sued atal Korean Women s D Economic growth strategy and job creation for women in the service sector Tae hong Kim Bok tae Kim Ho joong Bae Korean Women s D The current status of flexible work arrangement implementation and measures to facilitate the flexible working arrangements 2011 Yang In Sook Moon Mi Gyeong Korean Women s D 2011 KLoWF and 3rd wave descriptive analysis reports chief researcher Yi Tack meon co researchers Joo Jae seon Song Chi seon Kang Seok hoon
379. NGO
380. Verloo 2005 EU gt
381. NPO NGO ADRA Japan WHO Universal Health Coverage 3 2013 1970
382. 35 7 js 4 5 Khuat Thu Hong PRLS
383. 8 171 9 9 1 20000 8000 9 2 15000 hs 6500 9 3 6000 4500 9 4 4000 3000 10 ll
384. GS 26 3 25 IGS IGS IGS 2013 1 GS IGS 25 9 27 IGS UGS ES rede i d Doreen Massey 3 7 242 9 7 77 4 284808 B pum Doreen Massey Caer eta SHARE I i Carate IGS TUERI TU M 6 RRS Rex ines COREL an oe adage ae ae 29 25 6 22 EE Era m Tn AERE IE aoe IGS eye BAS ELE
385. T RR ASSURER 1GS FRISEUR GSE DUREROHOSHARER RS AGIR T COSMA ARAARA HI DES NER x f iGs IGS 160 26 gt 18 2015 1 26 4 1 1 7 31
386. 2011 3 UNDP 2012 GLOBE TAEA
387. 28 7b 18 2015 1 1 Hl 1 B Davids et al 2013
388. 2001 lt Lx 27 50 Wiz 3 C 10 C D CRA K A D fi
389. KOM KORRES 2009 1982 7 16 7 28 EVH 168 Twentieth century women scientists Lisa Yount KWDI Policies for supporting the settlements and social activities of women turning to farming and rural areas chief researcher Sungjung Park collaboraters Sunju Lee Myongsuk Jin Heeyoung Jang KWDI Ways to connect part time work at public sectors with utilization of replacements for officials on parental leave chief researcher Meekyung Moon collaborators Boktae Kim Changho Guem Miyeon Park KWDI Gender budgeting in Korea the effects of operating national gender budget system and measures for the efficient management of local gender budget system Sunjoo Cho KWDI The future of the family and foresight for women and family policies in Korea2 researcher in charge Chang Hye Kyung co researchers Kim Eun Ji KWDI Promoting a safe environment for girls and women 4 Mi Hye Chang et al KWDI Summary of the status of the gender sensitive analysis of court decisions related to women and families and future legislation 1 women s labour issues chief researcher Seonyoung Park co researchers Boksoon Park et al KWDI Economic growth strategy and jobs for
390. no 2 CH de 158 3 2 CEU PREAH 3 3 GRRE AAE no 4 MEA ac 3 3 CROP 3 5 CRUMBS 3 6 GERE no 3 3001 CORNER
391. 120 18 2015 3 3
392. 25 2014 Blunt Alison and Dowling Robyn Home Oxon Routledge 2006 Chant Silvia and Gutmann Matthew Mainstreaming Men into Gender and Development Debates Reflections and Experiences Oxfam Working Papers Oxford 2000 Connell R W Masculinities NSW Allen amp Unwin 1995 Cresswell Tim Place A Short Introduction Oxford Blackwell 2004 97 Kimmel Michael S Globalization and its Mal e Cntents The Gendered Moral and Political Economy of Terrorism International Sociology 18 3 2003 pp 603 620 Kumagai Keichi Floating Young Men Globalization and the Crisis of Masculinity HAGAR Studies in Culture Policy and Identities 10 2 2012 pp 157 165 Rose Gillian Feminism and Geography The Limits of Geographical Knowledge Cambridge Polity Press 1993 2011 98 WAS AVRE
393. 3 11
394. EO 68 124 UNDP 2010 p 9 44 18 2015 2012 No 1 MOLISA 63 223 223 223 2 MOIT 63 79 66 69 3 MOST 49 61 148 122 4 MARD 55 55 64 62 5 MOHA 42 24 115 96 6 MOFA 29 34 245 167 7 MOET 62 48 29 9 23 8 MPD 63 32 85 al 9 MOJ 44 114 157 145 10 MOIC 63 32 7 58 I MOCST 44 68 95 9 12 MOCST 40 25 18 19 13 MOF 43 163 20 19 14 ERA MOC 43 0 28 2 15 MOH 4l 73 22 7 189 16
395. Khmer Cham V Jk Hmong Dao Bd ur Female Tatal World Bank 2012b p 76 47 78 9 828 835 856 5 2
396. welfare through work 1 1 1 DN 2000 1980 1980 2000 2000 2000 x 120 153 811 028 Eos 4 EEI 36 TRWA 80
397. gender sensitive gt 1980 Tes 1990
398. 50 2010 pp 27 47 EREM 2011 52 2013 pp 1 10 ie 2006 2006 2014 2009 K A 60 5 2008 pp 403 422 2010 TE Ay AROE AEn 2013 2012
399. 18 2015 2013 306 ISBN 978 4 7917 6704 5 1 900 AV v WE AV AV
400. CHIEF 50 51 60 11 Al 4
401. negative duty 3 8
402. 21 21 1 4 2 21 1 3
403. Woman in Science OST Lic gt 25 10 15 100 gt C 60
404. p 152 LGB LGB p 196 LGB
405. EBRR BRASS LENN 507 24 50 60 70 ERF 100 21 50 50 22 50 BEEF SIE 31 70 24 5075 7076 22 40 1907 40
406. 2006 No 73 2006 QH11 gt 36 18 2015 gt 11 a
407. 54 63 2006 Law on Gender Equality GEL 2006
408. 8H AUC 5 6 1 2 31 8 89 E Hp ER E n THAD 7
409. ESD Why gender matters in ESD ESD 12 10 12 14 EET Ji ui JI y AIGS 18 2015
410. No money no honey David Brazil Women gender relations and development in Thai society v 1 Virada Somswasdi amp Sally Theobald eds Women gender relations and development in Thai society v 2 Virada Somswasdi amp Sally Theobald eds Thai girl the new novel Andrew Hicksy Women and violence human rights and armed conflict Women in development discussion paper series 7 159 LY TWF Y y ub D264 BE gt S J 2 SR eS S FRF 26 4 1 27 3 H31H X 26 2014 A WES ES rad IGS FRNT BAS 26 12 10 AAW UGS aA 26 12 10 D yos GS Fia HGS
411. 38 1 038 4 World Bank 2011 p 56 3 3 4
412. DHENE Fei A 100 CHH Va YE Ye PRE 1 9J CREE 1 GRE AME A 2 1 CORRE f MEA GC 2 2 GERM TEE GLa Ze J e Mme ig AER ER RUE CHIER ARE E CAW no 8 E to no 7 9 10 no 4 6 jt no 7 9 10 f 1 10 GEHE EE
413. 2012 2014a 15 Q amp A 2013 https www jimin jp policy pamphlet pdf kenpou qa pdf 67 2014 12 3 16
414. MH Bees 1972 1 1 125 14 10
415. 20 Verloo 2006 Vacchi and Eveline 2009 DV Bo IGS
416. 90 E 14 SHEN RAM A 4 B 13 18 2015 cla AEN A 2 B 34 C 25 TE D 31 E 3 B B 29 D TERE BY 2 EVWIECA RAIL PRCFCSNTHSECEIMLE
417. iz fa 20114 6 20084 1 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 30
418. 10 20 p 204 lt Ly 2012
419. 2008 E 238 35 40 14 16 1 province 2 district 3 commune 3 17 Ministry of Finance MTAP Document for the 2014 2016 period of the financial sector for the implementation of the Financial Strategy up to 2020 2014 p 8 18 2015
420. 4 Alfama and Cruells 2013 pp 8 9
421. 38 36 5 12 3 0839 40 38 50 39 37 190 40 39 40 86 4 174 56 43
422. IMAGE lt lt gt IGS lt gt IGS GS 4 AIT AIT AIT AIT
423. 1960 1970 1981 4
424. 2012 2012 10 0 7 1 2 1 44
425. GS 6 22 o f ii IGS 11 5 12 20 IGS IGS GS GS GS
426. HIV BH 23 4 E 6 33 D 34 gi J HET E 30 32
427. ul OR FE AE IGS 2 0 0 0 eH
428. 1 GR 2006 2008 2008 2009 11 Hanako for Men 134 51 32 22 33 098 CAm 8H D A777 18
429. m HP 26 2 CEEJA m 2014 8 1 2 HAS ko a ZRS UR
430. 37 1 2016 2020 25 2011 2015 30 2016 2020 35 2 2015 Y 80 2020 95 3 2015 30 7096 2020 100 201 2015 1241 TTg gt gt 13 2011 2016
431. 37 11 21 8 3 6 26 2 2 4 o 2004 1991 1978 24 2001 pp 105 114 57 2013 pp 49 86 1983 1965 EWS HE Aie Wa 1943 1909 SANE
432. AV AV 100 18 2015 AV LCS BH
433. Goldman Sacks Womenomics Japan s Hidden Asset October 19 2005 http www acareerinminingbc ca sites default files womenomics_japan pdf 2014 12 22 3 OECD Education at a Glance 2014 http www oecd org edu Education at a Glance 2014 pdf 2014 12 22 4 22 5 2010 6 18 http www kanteilgojp jp sinseichousenryaku 2014 12 22 JAPAN is BACK 2013 6 14 http www kanteigojjp jp headline seicho_senryaku2013_plan1 html headerArea 2014 12 22 6 24 http wwwpss gojp ss cost j fsss h24 fsss_h24 asp 2014 12 24 7 2007
434. HKRM Oo L e MKATI Bo AO20HifOWi E sriHdcissotv ccdkKUL APOPIZTCARHABRH 2K Ligh TH EKCAAS CL CAPA CeaAT So CNEKUNCE ZS ARIEL COS Z3 2 c amp DADIR CHS KHI Es THEE HESTEP OI Z SCEI LEDC HORRY IZEI b FUR ETIE E 002066 KHI o Cle HODGE CHOR DZS 2010 6 104 88 85 52 OF 7 27 18 LT A 16 B 28 D 10 E 0 D 25
435. 14 40 O 2001 35 350 15 16 35 1991 17 399 40 2004 1991 18 3 8 4 41 19
436. 1 18 2015 Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action including legislation policies or programs in all areas and all levels It is a strategy for making women s as well as men s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design implementation monitoring and evaluation of policies and programs in all political economic and societal spheres so that men and women benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality the re organization improvement development and evaluation of policy processes so that a gender equality perspective
437. 18 2015 2 4 0 5 2 20 41 2 29 2 39 35 38 4 16 39 20 40
438. 19 4 1 27 3 31 B 26 4 1 27 3 31 B FAS 20 4 1 H 27 3 31 MM ao aya tC 27 3 H 31 H 20 4 1 ere o 27 3 3 WT 23 4 1 eR 27 3 31 3 20 4 1 MO ile PR EATUR a 27 3 31 2 PEARS AF 2 5 1 gt 16 4 18 ef 27 3 31 H 26 4 1 27 3 31 16 4 1 27 3 31 23 5 1 27 3
439. IGS GS f 6 10 3 E
440. 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 il 0 1 9 ll 2 10 20 2 10 20 0 15 0 0 15 0 1 14 fi 13 150 8 6 13 181 8 13 18 200 9 World Bank 2011 p 3 2001 2011 2 2011 2016 16 2 200 18 9 2001 2006 2006 2010 2010 2015 86 813 857 Provincial 11 32 11 75 11 37 District 12 89 14 70 15 01 Commune 11 88 15 08 1801 World Bank 2011 p 78 4 2
441. 2011 5 000 56 10 2 65 1 10 489 lt
442. 40 80 100 4 29 pabi 25 70 170 39 2 40 3 4 ARBBRES 3 8 4 16 2 2
443. A 40 BRA EWI RHA 71a HME LOMPNECEBE Rok LOHED DZ OXI KHER ORS T3257 Ls CRIP BS CCS 2 Ho BFOAM EOI 2S a Jh TOR Z EMEP ONB EPEA LTLEI AK bIK MK FREI EBvVLMoK ER ELZ H i HEAD FST OB XIIE D XW ARUODRRCKONS FCNEABKLEOM CHBLT FY TA TRIE CHA TU EWG DBE OMGO IY amp TF BRRIL FORVAEDFOVT aAVT 1 POT Exile 4 ARRAY Plthe ROK FIDER BRO ER oKLAOF OHA C62 ER Ciz KHNZEOPAEOBIIIBE Sco5 CNILHMECHY En LMT So CALLA OSEE F CR POK POT HIILEAEAWMEAVEL Jo A IKEDIFELE DD MEWDGRUITO YO RI VY PLEAR CXKBICL EV POTOF EGR OB LET x Vit Fat HE mie INV ARBCREIT LIZ LMLAE HALE D2 Ca Ko HROL NGHAZRSL RA GHB CARO DIF CELE 6 DEAF toU HBEILAPKLEOHREEL E pee ere 7 UT OF TEPC IZ hase fs PRENDEAlL To TERTE CCR238EI 27 4 fri xv cHIO C602 DIA REJ BAPUCOBLZE LOL EORR bo tL ZLz tv2oHEQZv CXR HHOH L ARE CHEEVGELIKM HKOPOE BEER OI S523 G8220C EI UI T 7
444. B 20 4 1 BEF 148 20 4 1 26 3 31 A i E Dr 25 4 1 7 31 A R DIE 25 4 1 A 26 3 31 A 25 10 1 26 3 31 A 25 4 1 E 2 22 12 1 18 4 1 26 3 31 A ju ar 22 425 H 1 A 22 7 1 25 8 31
445. 2006a 99 717 2005A 712 A eg 7 ASAT 20062 20054F 4E BJ a LER R mes 2006b 9487F 2005 3 7 xt8 p qg7L ust 2006b H2005 2006c 2005 3 d qEU7LP SYA aA 20060 3 4 2011 413 H JARANA RAA 4 49847 SASZ SHS AM xS 2011 2010 86 1 2014 pp 7 40 C 417 8 7F8 41 amp r IAA 2010 FAAS o 3 5 AAAA JARA Ya EA IAAT 86 1 2014 pp 7 40 Alfama Eva and Marta Cruells How Can Evaluation Contribute to the Gender Mainstreaming Strategy 3rd European Conference on Politics and Gender Barcelona 21 23 March 2013 Baden Sally and Anne Marie Goetz Who Needs Sex When You Can Have Gender Conflicting Discourses on Gender at Beijing In Jackson Cecile and Ruth Pearson eds Feminist Visions of Development Gender Analysis and P
446. m m 3 m 8 1 m 2 1927 mm m 4
447. 25 gt 2009 Food Rules An Eater s Manual P Singer H Long 26 8 2022 13 International Society for Utilitarian Studies
448. http wwwgs ocha ac jp igs IGS_ Tushin d06 3 2014 12 15 3 ESD ESD ESD 1
449. 2013 2014 90 11 2010 2009 10 29 195 72 2010 2013 29 34 195 275 26 18 2015 80 37 38
450. 25 gt 1GS AIT HR ATT lt gt 24 BER 8 6 f
451. Er gt T S T HAS 166 gt Kt stk pail fa 2 x RAS 8 6 NGO 10 23 2014 22 6 26 7 24 9 25 18
452. 25 2013 HB 1 25 4 24 GS 2 ILO 25 5 8 1GS 3 IGS 25 5 15 GS 4 25 5 22 0 S IGS
453. el 69 JEM 2000 2006 2011
454. space place Cresswell 2004 2013 Blunt amp Dowling 2006 p2 2008 Blunt amp Dowling 2006 p 22 Rose 1993 pp 41
455. Decades of social and economic research have indicated that gender equity is a vital ingredient for development in all sectors This paper argues that al though Vietnam has advanced gender equity policies and legal instruments manifested in the country s core legal documents gender gaps remain not only in the economy and education but also critically in the public and political space by showing updated statistics in these areas The paper identifies negative influencing factors hidden in the legal docu ments lack of establishing accountability measures their immeasurable targets and discrepancies among different documents related to targets Although punitive measures for civil servants who violate the legal provi sions of gender equality are stated in recent legal decrees as one step toward accountability the implementation of the punitive measures and the mentioned gender equality legal documents still remain challenges This paper also claims that the gender gaps in Vietnam are due to ingrained patriarchal values and cultural practices that favor male over female in the key mentioned areas 18 2015 Vietnams gender mainstreaming policies gender equality legal instruments in Vietnam gender gaps in Vietnam new trend in education in Vietnam women s political participation in Vietnam 1
456. 13 2011 2016 1 4 27 6 12 67 E 2010 2015 295 295 OD TTg 2010 2 26 35 H
457. 2013 280 ISBN9784 284 104005 6 400 F ACRE D
458. 35 30 25 20 15 10 X P S E ES gt D E D 3 X E D N SS OO Y uio ES Y S Y Y S Y Y W ID Ky SS QN TH S Official website of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam http www na gov vn tailieukyhop LDQHvaNN13 dsachUB htm 43 2002 2011 2002 2007 2007 2011 2011 2016 27 30 25 76 24 4 22 20 15 76 23 53 25 00 22 22 1111 World Bank 2011 p 78 82 92 4 5 World Bank 2011 17 5 UNDP 2012 p 7
459. 9 695 696 m 83 E 0177 i JFJ 293 11 36 12 332 33 39 11 5 PAIK AEA 2004 1991 4 E 17 37 39 9 17 332 34 159 7 160 7 10 384
460. MOT 45 22 17 18 68 124 11 UNDP 2012 p 9 102 4 15 843 33 124 2494 148 449 807 48 145 62 3 13 795 38 167 85 18 36 612 129 259 AR 2641 169 498 798 51 15 1 3922 608 839 73 113 156 7 5 2 50 357 143 0 0 0 0 0 0 LT 3929 613 841 73 114 156 UNDP 2012 p 10 UNDP HP 5 AVE O AG OBURHEEBAC ALTRI EDDA RRUAN T UNDP 2012 p 10 2009
461. 2 2010 6 18 13 15 14 30 3 2010 9 7 16 00 18 00 20F FJ B E 4 1983 96 5 E 6 TH E 34 25 30 7 v
462. AV AV 2 1 AV 2 AV AV MRE LC BRIDE BO PARC RED AV
463. AV AV AV 99 AV AV AV AV AV AV Hi
464. i 2014 2014 514 ISBN 978 4 845 11388 0 15 000FJ i NGCO 2001 14 2014 CHS 1 2 3 4 1 3 1 2
465. 115 BHEE 681 235 6 3 1950
466. 19 5 41 18 3 8 42 9 4 40
467. 23 425 1 A gt 25 7 5 2 H 13 26 2 3 3 H 11 3 1 f IGS IGS aS IGS D WEE PD WEE GS D 18 2015 11 35 57 2013 4F Wome s Sustainabl
468. 36 be 42
469. 91 E EM Hp ER E n PR Al i 2 PC 2001 2004 1980
470. vs r ni AIEQBGXROXBECHUXmES U0LU5 vtv2AU h mBmiui nsn mlsrd ZBURIZBY AV AV AV AV VTR AV E
471. 1996 OB KOR 1998 LOR KO 1999 KOR COR 2000 KOM 2001 KOM 1987 1995 1997 2002 Cu E H f
472. 50 85 20 EL es 4101908 25 50 25 50 AHRS 50 50 50 100 Ta sini 44 2 20 20 42 1909 24 70 HERF 40
473. FARE CREE AUTE GROB APUD i ee ae SA 26 11 25 pie ye Ba Tu p JICA JICA au IGS IGS SS os eee
474. ih E FR 1 51 24 30 E AFRE 31 2 1 32 4 1 f E FE CD f ns omen SR PE RSEN
475. 2007 39 6 38 9 5 OMM od mos 7562865 Re o I o iW F 9 5 9 40 7 39 4 6 4 ik 39 5 48 QRIOGURAICKETM KART OMAR PHB 38 37 amp BR FEAT ICOM Clash 49 38 3 13 253 8 7 274 39 4 23 311 5 7 313 50 40 1 21 35
476. 35 1991 12
477. 655 36 12 25 673 374 Bk 373 404 394 39 36 12 28 H am E8 5 E 8 15 E 2 25 787 38 2 18 0 DA E05 556255 RAH 24 31 6 67 4 4 38 10 5 14 3 Fo 190 178 179 36 11 16 38 3 6 184 252 37 8 H15H 7522355 38 6 H 26H 75268 394 ETL E 9 17 1 1 295 8 296 E 2 12
478. 2014 5 H 16 m 2015 1 2014 7 26 H mw d 2014 9 27 2015 2014 9 28 HP 11 2014 11 5 A 2015 70 2015 e EXEC S Ig 3 6 HP
479. AV 3 1 AV AV AV AV 2 AV AV AV AV
480. BA SERBS BOE BI dH Hl EE LT BRE THEBIS E E EE H 2000 H 1 AEF E EL HORAE JEN
481. Lombardo 2005 EU jk am HT S e s Tull nu
482. 5 128 83 20 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 3 hen B E5 16 210 36 10 5 12 32 33 34 35 36 a 37 A x H 37 5 6 39 6 6 40 3 7 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 pes ET 39 6 6 28 46 47 2004 E Bik 18 35 7 5 A 5862077 36 6 25
483. V R THT KROMBBAED MHBP2TEEPURILIGZMCA IIZ IFT AINLBRAEDEILTY Z CLR DoK 2 FI7OHRI Ao Cok SHLOSCBVOLIGEIREROT Lc KAI FMP TT MIASCUE2 DBEZIQGRZEaMFY R60 liom BHWVEWDRUC TAKE COOKED BXGRIOTILXSPSD fEZIEBAIODAQE66ke IRIFE BHF FIZEWFIO LY WAKIN ZOER IREO HE TETEE 0 FOL FAX FA FL EID AB DAT THACHER DD L SREE 4xULT AEROCORBVCOOSA2wv62 5 DIPRILNA FY Y CLAS TR WBA2TWS RUlt KELE QUES ZLEOD F WV ER D o EFORLEO UTA Cb A 03722 FR EDGEEA BHIZPIZLN amp 8 Bld FFLTOAVFNEZSDEROTLEIOG 2 KIDD 3 KTAANLRHLOCLEI ZAIL RHI FAIZ aclk 17a HEIHE 2 HELLY EWG HEOKZOFEWIDILEE CLE 8 Bo KO CA GI NEB UFIPABIEILAqUEEOTYALBT
484. AST CEDAW 270 O 95 E IE FTA HV nik 2008 2007 90
485. mH ARE Haa 2 3 J CHENG Vm PE YY EARE 2001 CEE Sr FREA PEA 2 J AE ERR 20 GEME f MEAG 2 894 GENE 2 6 GHE uE CREE Ve PS A EAR 2 RE Fan 2 9 0 J CEEE 3 1 CEEE no 6 no 2 6 ca no 5 td Gm E
486. 18 2015 ance between government agency and the feminist movement was weakened but survived after the conservative party returned to power While state feminism withstood the attacks from the conserva tive social forces a significant crack did emerge after the Ministry of Education appointed members of conservative social organizations to be the commissioners of gender equality education The paper concludes by arguing that however uneasy the alliance between the state and feminist activists the alliance is still important for the development of gender equality II State Feminism under the Progressive Government The creation of women s policy agencies or gender policy machineries in many countries was treated as the starting point of state feminism In the 1970s women s movements in the western de mocracies regarded the state as patriarchal and unfriendly so feminist activists usually worked outside of the state At that time movement actors focused on advocating gender equality in societies Ban aszak Beckwith and Rucht 2003 30 In the 1980s the movement strategies began to shift and activists not only wanted to engage the state more but also had more international mobilization Rai 2003 20 Meyer and Pr gl 1999 Many countries created women s policy agencies in response to the women s movement s demands and the directives of international organizations such as the United Nations Being excluded from the United Nations
487. 2014 til ov px 5 2013 18 2015 2010 9 14 1920 22 30 D C E 2014 pp 54 55 pee Hh p 215
488. 9 nlt TUzesecsaoko toi5oncoo0ms 10 2005 53 85 2006 314 2003 7 FAI nu 2006a 2006b 2006c
489. GS CBD 2000 CBD CBD BPO
490. Texts of war the religio military nexus in Pakistan and India Aneela Zeb Babar y Women nationalism and state towards an International feminist perspective Jan In search of women s Jindy Pettman standpoint towards an epistemology of experiential knowledge Dawn H Currie Gender relations and housing design a study in Kathmandu Valley Nepal Girija Shrestha Women in Laos weaving tommorrow Sumiko Kazeno Thelast of the Nuba Leni Riefenstahl Annotated bibliography on women in development in Asia and the Pacific ll SOM Conference on e obalisation Innovation and Human Resource Development for Women in Asia and Competitive Advantage f the Pacific high level Intergovernmental meeting to review regional implementation of the Beijing platform for action 26 29 October 1999 proceedings Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Sinistra europea 1987 sindacati e partiti elezioni programmi 169 LY TWF Y y ub IEEE S congressi La questione in
491. 2015 m 2014 4E 10 19 A Contribution 41 tude du spectre continue des rayons 3 mis par les corps radioactifs artificiels
492. 31 19 4 1 27 3 31 23 4 1 27 3 31 2 24 4 1 lt gt 27 3 31 B ME ED 26 4 18 27 2 24 2 REF 19 4 1 27 3 31 B RAS 20 4 1 27 3 31 B 23 4 1 27 3 31 B 20 4 H 1H 27 3 31 B 20 4 1 27 3 31 26 4 1 27 3 31 lt 26 gt 5 3 1
493. 1 2 97 CPWR 2002 3 1 2008 CPWR CPWR
494. 12 8 12 40 1 14 E 78
495. 18 2015 31 6 39 3 22 22 22 20 237 0 O CAF TET
496. 1998 2002 Ministry of Gender Equality 2 2003 20074F 2005 n F nS E 16
497. schools However Japanese women wanted Chinese women to be able to study at school and voluntarily put their experience into the private girls schools Moreover women s associations in Japan started training schools for teach ing in China and almost 100 Japanese women were dispatched and helped the start of girls schools in the new educational system which the Chinese govern ment proclaimed in 1907 In preparing for the change Japan was able to dispatch teachers in re sponse to Chinese need Japanese women in these associations were able to connect with the women s movements in Europe and the United States These women did not take order from the Japanese government but rath er were part in the women movement That support by the women s associa tion wasnt only for Chinese women but also for Japanese young women to work abroad 20
498. CES 103 107 111 115 119 123 127 131 135 139 zt 143 147 171 173 18 35 2015 Bee 1 Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan 2000 20 iz AV T amp 2507 Alison M Jaggar ed
499. P FLARBEM CORI KAA DONE amp AFAIK L TIt Z J PSE RFE CEH CEO c ibncosozB EMTS OLFIHAOC EAR AITORARLEVPORO EANN D EIDIR HR MIBEERS LS KMGIFOR TERS Old QUO ZEKBROX wA ABAD RAO AA VU CHF Ch DERREKINE LiteOc6Hoce6 0c HWRF6BdGOKIkcAULILC 6AeTZGZUVv HHBlI d bud46YA0da EMELTE ERODE PENE SMI TS YR NZA Eb ODEON 524 KRLABADLEY PROT Bo ARIE Cc GROUSE THOT EJIE IM CAI EAE CI AR HFE Tibo LPLABLDBHN COS HOMERO SE Cnt CH TEL ABE AS EHI EMO BS hoT bhod Bok FABRTERADE KEENE DISHED ADPAAORS E ltt BV HPIICE PRZEWDILIGEElL ODADA EJ Po TICHO DBA BREED IRA Iob HUERO KAL NEEDE VO EES BRE 6B bZLx5ort veAmAILES26 IBGSBI LS EMG LIIGS FOBRWMELL 2C B8DbZEvclC4bZzoy ENING TLJ LOTERI Ri EHI GH HER FHS AME S OFF AH LF A TF AREWIRU OE L SEMA T tH PY 2 REGON xXx VEPWMIL HoCPZEWILIG Slt FLIR TEZ EWG LIRIAS A
500. 2 Ministry of Labor Invalids amp Social Affairs MOLISA 2014 Report National Review of 20 year Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action BPFA in Viet Nam and the Outcomes of the 23rd Special Session of the General Assembly Draft 8 Oct 2014 3 Duong Thi Thanh Mai Mainstreaming gender in formulation of laws Looking Back at 5 year Journey at the National Workshop to Share Experience in GEL implementation December 2012 Vietnam oral p 4 295 40 70 E 10 5 5 18
501. 20 30 1 2 BU GS UMIFRE19 CNRS MAEE IGS 152
502. 21 45 15 CN 11 22 26 75 41 0D He 7 SHATHOAH 20 HERA BRA Ze BE AZ Bei 7 JW ARTA DNA o 35
503. DC 2011 World Bank Gender Equality and Development World Development Report Washington DC 2012a World Bank 2012 Vietnam Poverty Assessment Well Begun Not Yet Done Vietnam s Remarkable Progress on Poverty Reduction and the Emerging Challenges 2012b ol 18 2015 Women in general and working mothers in particular occupy a strategic position in Japan s welfare capitalism In order to generate economic growth amid the shrinking labor force policy makers have recognized the importance of pushing women into the labor market At the same time the low birth rate has compelled them to pursue work life balance policy as well as childcare poli cy Recently womenomics discourse has also penetrated into growth strategy which justifies positive action measures Nevertheless these seemingly work ing women friendly polices have not yielded concrete results The article asks why numerous women friendly policies are at best schizo phrenic if not contradictory with each other More broadly it investigates how gender inequality has persisted in Japan identifying the position of women in Japanese welfare states and exploring the spread of statist family ideology held by the dominant Liberal Democratic Party LDP The blending of neoliberal ism and statist family ideology which
504. Gender and Global Justice H Ake ESE OERE Al NOR EE HT ab TL ABA od BORNE ROO Abi A3 CTR ACE M 2014 H25 H26 Bcc
505. 26 7 3 HO IGS 3 2 Shin Ki young forthcoming Women s Mobilizations for Political Representation in Patriarchal States Models from Japan and South Korea in Mino Vianello and Mary Hawkesworth eds Gender and Power Toward Equality and Democratic Governance Palsgrave McMillan 1GS H27 2014 162 IGS IGS
506. I label neoliberal motherhood accounts for Japan s schizophrenic policy response Although neoliberalism and mother hood might appear at odds with each other the common thread that ties them together the objectified women permits their strange marriage 2012 1 1970 1985 2000
507. IT PRA EDEN ee Tae aR aa EA A REAR ey A RN E A AA qug MB URED ARAE NPO 2015 27 3 14 IGS INALCO
508. Korean Women s D An analysis of the Korean txation system using a gender perspective individual income tax and earned income tax credit chief researcher Young Sook Kim co researchers Sun Joo Cho Ga Won Chung Soon Hyun Kwon Emilie du Ch telet et Marie Anne Lavoisier science et genre au XVIIIe si cle Keiko Kawashima traduit du japonais par Ayako L caille Okamura avec un avant propos d lisabeth Badinter Leni Riefenstahl a memoir HZ Zef 2 Current situation and challenges faced by Asian women workers connecting and being connected now and future PIREA Le dictionnaire universel des cr atrices sous la direction de B atrice Didier Antoinette Fouque Mireille Calle Gruber lettrines dessin es par Sonia Rykiel 2 Z2 x v A h Levy Gender sexuality and reproductive health in Northern Thailand Chiraluck Chongsatitmun Raynou Athamasar Peungpich Jakping 6 The third sex kathoey Thailand s ladyboys Richard Totman Visions of a nation public monuments in twentieth century Thailand Ka F Wong Sex slaves the trafficking of women in Asia Louise Brown Travels in the skin trade tourism and the sex industry Jeremy Seabrook
509. St Chang Ling HUANG BR 4 X5 MAY hey WE 8 EN cx 21 53 69 71 73 87 99 103 107 111 115 119 123 127 131 135 139 143 147 171 173 Journal of Gender Studies Ochanomizu University No 18 2015 Total of 35 Issues Contents lll Special Issue Gender Mainstreaming in East Asia in the Era of New Challenges Gender Mainstreaming Theory and Practices SHIN Ki young 1 Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan HUANG Chang Ling Rethinking Gender Mainstreaming South Korean Case KIM Kyoung Hee 21 Gender Policies in Contemporary Vietnam Achievements and Challenges HIEN Luong Thu 33 Neoliberal Motherhood Contradictions of Women s Empowerment Policy in Japan MIURA Mari 53 Neoliberalism Neoconservatism and Gender Mainstreaming since the 2000s ADACHI Mariko 69 Political Growth of Women s Movements as the Core of Gender Policy IDA Kumiko 71 lll Research Reports Japanese Dispatch of Female Teachers to China in the Early Years of the Twentieth Century KATO Kyoko 73 Changing Masculinities in Japanese Youth KUMAGAI Keichi 87 Viewing from Plac
510. UI gig fi F ECABDPSELNEZWDEM aK CAULYPNER RY UFYMAZEOTICH LAeoctoobgcue Co KEORAWILRIGT ELIZI LF ELSES BETH ETDOR HLORZEHODIAT ILI ELS AONS 23 PRCA ERLE GD ERIE EF OR Clib zzv KIEER RAR OTWBE IRISH LT Adel d A L KI Lv EIOS SNELL DRIES DHS 2 ABE ZEN 6M TELC HE zxocL zo CNHCHFED ES UPAEKLZEEVICEPHS Zo FEHR EL TIEDIIL Olt KEENE AE RICK L Bids ZU NY DRED SFE 0E EIS4q6 TPOldSesmtoxouexE EoZsSBSId 8c bo FONIKELOERI MRP OILA Elt RTBE0RBDONE lt Bok HK RKEHZE LEONA D H Kt oJ E H amp A KIE EJES D HRA ERTED HAKA 2 llli MIUCITo TROTS SE HROB OLT MUIT H AUIDLGWAHI IEC ZUD o Ry PAR KOOT PARDED Zv REE FRISO Y PI AENT WEAKEN b E o JAIRE OBA RIS LT 93 E by ER K Dial i bo KEKI PEASE Aog L PEDAK DE SAAADKYUL 4 FRR PH ACezoctudime 3
511. by the civic gender commissioners was affected Though there was no significant re gression of state feminism before 2013 the pace of the progression was slowed down One example of the slowdown was gay and lesbian rights In the Gender Equality Policy Framework after rounds of discussions the government still refused to make a clear commitment to enact the Civil Union Law or to legalize same sex marriages The wording in the section regarding same sex marriages turned out to be very vague stating only that the government would make efforts to create social under standing and consensus on this issue The issue of same sex marriages however became the focal point of the gender equality struggles in 2013 IV State Feminism Challenged In 2012 the conservative party KMT won re election again in Taiwan and not long after that the already weakened alliance between the state and feminist activists was challenged by the conser vative social forces which rallied against gender equality education and same sex marriages The conservative forces challenge against gender equality education first emerged in the spring of 2011 and the target was gay and lesbian education After the Gender Equity Education Act was passed in 2004 the Commission on Gender Equality Education in the Ministry of Education soon de cided to emphasize three tasks in schools relationship education sexual education and gay and lesbi 15 Chang Ling HUANG Uneasy Allia
512. compromise the integrity of the Commission on Gen der Equality Education Since the mid 1980s there had been sporadic efforts in Taiwan to demand the legalizing of same sex marriages The momentum picked up in 2009 when the Taiwan Alliance to Promote Civil Partnership Rights T APCPR was established The alliance aimed at revising the Civil Law to recognize civil partnership and legalizing same sex marriages In October 2013 the TAPCPR announced that with the help of a female DPP parliamentary member the organization was ready to submit the bill they had drafted The announcement immediately led to the formation of the Alliance for Protecting Families which opposed same sex marriages The TAPCPR bill consisted of three 16 18 2015 parts recognizing civil partnership legalizing same sex marriages and allowing multiumember fami lies a family form that could be but not necessarily is polyamorous The DPP politician only sub mitted the part on same sex marriages to the parliament for deliberation but the Alliance for Pro tecting Families focused their attacks on the part of multitmember families The same sex marriage bill quickly passed the first reading in the parliament and the Alliance for Protecting Families along with other non religious conservative forces mobilized a huge rally to prevent the bill from entering the second reading Between October and December 2013 the fight betwe
513. if they as indi vidual voters might not be supporters of the conservative party The irony was that if the conservative government really cared about gender policies and had its own gender related agenda then the department in cabinet model could be as political as the ministe 13 Chang Ling HUANG Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan rial model because after all the Premier himself was both the chairperson of the Gender Equality Committee and the boss for the head of the Department of Gender Equality He held the power to ap point the committee members as well as the head of the department However if the Premier did want to politicize the gender policy machinery then he needed to first make sure that the head of the Department of Gender Equality supposedly a senior civil servant was a good executioner of his gen der related political agenda And then he needed to make sure that he appointed the right kind of Gender Equality Committee members that would not oppose his agenda during the committee meet ings All these works probably meant he had to pay more attention to gender policies then he was willing to And this has been why the department in cabinet model seemed to have been less affected by partisan politics Another institutional reason that the alliance between the government and feminist movement somehow remained was because of the gender equality working teams in the line ministries Wh
514. instruments The main part of the article shows that in recent GM practices in Korea has adopted a bureaucratic approach and the concept of equality as numerical balance between men and women Thus it led to policy resistance to the femi nist idea of gender equality and undermined policy potential of GM to challenge gender relations The article cautiously defines these phenomena as the techno cratization of GM This article concludes that feminist engagement in policy process is more significant than ever 18 2015 Gender mainstreaming GM gender impact assessment gender budgets state feminism technocratization of GM 1 1990 USE Lu vetare E E
515. of Gender Equality functioned as the secretariat to execute policies and decisions made by the GEC The government s decision to opt for the bureaucratic model instead of the ministerial model was related to its intention to down size the government since the bureaucratic model would only have created a bureaucratic unit within the cabinet and the unit would not have an independent budget However the government s decision also had an institutional impact that kept partisan politics distant from the gender policy machinery Unlike the position of a minister the head of the Department of Gender Equality within the cabinet would not be a political appointee Instead that position needed to be filled by a civil servant The head of the Department of Gender Equality therefore was basically a senior civil servant executing policies approved by the cabinet Gender Equality Committee which in turn consisted of civic members that might or might not be politically close to the ruling party Such institutional design could also partially explain why some feminist activists were appointed as civic members of the cabinet gender commission Though the commissioners were appointed by the Premier it was the civil servants that prepared the list of potential commissioners for the Pre mier to select Thus as long as the activists were willing to work with bureaucrats in promoting gen der equality they had a chance to get invited back to serve in the commission even
516. people who had openly opposed same sex marriages shocked and angered feminist and gay rights organizations Despite protests from these organizations the Ministry of Education contin ued to cite respecting diversity as a reason for such appointments Though there has been no obvi ous regression of the work of the Commission on Gender Equality Education yet preliminary evi dence shows that the function of the commission has been affected by the two members close to the Alliance for Protecting Families V Uneasy Alliance Between 2008 and 2014 state feminism has survived under Taiwan s conservative government The government continued the work initiated during the rule of the progressive government by cre ating the Department of Gender Equality within the cabinet releasing a new policy framework for gender equality and enacting a law to enforce the CEDAW The gender commissions in the cabinet or line ministries also demonstrated their strength when their agendas were attacked by the conser vative forces However state feminism under the conservative government also showed significant cracks in one of the most important gender commissions the Commission on Gender Equality Edu 17 Chang Ling HUANG Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan cation It remains to be seen however whether there will be other cracks in the future and whether the cracks will eventually break the alliance between feminist
517. the following months the two alli ances fought against each other in all of the public hearings held by the Ministry of Education Meanwhile the civic commissioners of the Commission on Gender Equality Education were working hard within the ministry to fight for including gay and lesbian education in the curriculum guideline Eventually in the spring of 2012 the Ministry of Education presented a report to the parliament and the curriculum guideline remained intact The only revision made was on a competence indicator for junior high school students In the original guideline one of the students competence indicators would encourage students to understand their own sexual orientations and that indicator was changed to teach students to respect other people s sexual orientations The change therefore was not a compro mise on the curriculum guideline only a compromise on the competence indicators for students The curriculum guideline that included gay and lesbian education withstood the attack from the True Love Alliance partially if not mainly because of the work of the Commission on Gender Equality Ed ucation Though gender equality education did not experience huge setbacks under the attack from the True Love Alliance the conservative forces attempts to re orient the direction of gender equality ed ucation continued and their mobilization for opposing same sex marriages exerted enough pressure for the conservative government to eventually
518. work welfare with work welfare without work workfare welfare to work RR e sb SCRI EN v
519. 1 2 100 75 50 0 1 984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 1980 2000 15 3 2009 16 1997 130 2009 112 1 X 2000 36 1980 E
520. 10 2011 2020 40 18 2015 World Bank 2012a 15 65 83 85 World Bank 2006
521. 10 6
522. 12 2009 8 Decree No 34 2011 ND CP Decree No 66 2011 ND CP Decree No 112 2011 ND CP Decree No 27 2011 ND CP NCFAW New Laws and Politics 2012 p 8 9 UNDP 2012 p 13 10 UNWomen Vietnam National Programme on Gender Equality 2011 1l Government Plan of Action 2020 No57 NQ CP 12 p 13 13 No 11NQ TW 2007 4 24 35 15 pp 13 14 18 MOF 30 50 19 4 8
523. 2009 No 57 7 2011 2012 5 3 1 WID GAD 2 3 5 2011 2015 4600 4
524. 420 H 002 01 7 MY3 1 The studies that Haussman and Sauer 2007 mentioned include Stetson 2001 Outshoorn 2004 and Lovenduski et al 2005 2 Iam sure there will be disagreement from scholars or social activists in Taiwan when I use the term progressive government to describe the government under President Chen Shui Bian of the Democratic Progressive Party However since progressiveness can be a relative concept in terms of the political spectrum I stick to that term in this paper for 19 Chang Ling HUANG Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan analytical purposes 3 The case was not solved and the killer is still at large 4 The bureaucrats of course did not like these changes and had their share of doubts and reservations on gender mainstreaming See Peng 2008 5 For a description of this process see Huang 2008 6 For a comparison of the state society relation of the enactment process of the Domestic Violence Prevention Act enacted under the conservative government in 1998 and that of these two gender laws see Yang 2006 7 See the 22nd Meeting Minutes for the Executive Yuan Commission on the Promotion of Women s Rights http www gec ey gov tw Upload RelFile 1508 719858 2dd73a76 5610 4485 81ba ef68f0f1a68 pdf Executive Yuan is the name for Taiwan s cabinet 8 This percentage is calculated from the meeting documents for the 27 Meeting of the Executive Yuan Commission on the Promoti
525. 6 0 29 30 en 36 Mee 718 034 3 63 83 T2 ns 0 35 8 330 i 63 92 Ts 269 31 1 d Re 33 53 ee 26 1 zi 270 0 OECD http www oecd org 58 1980 4 18 2015 2000
526. 61 Live 88 18 2015 Blunt amp Dowling 2006 domesticity domestic domestication domesticate 3
527. EMURA Naomi Gendai rinrigaku no chousen Sougo sonchou wo jitsugen suru tame no jihohettei to jenda Challenges of Modern Ethics Self determination and Gender for Realizing Mutual Respect YAMAMOTO Chiaki 135 USAMI Koichi KOTANI Masao GOTOH Reiko HARASHIMA Hiroshi eds 2014 Sekai no syakaifukushi nenkan 2014 Global Social Welfare Yearbook SANO Mayuko 139 ll Report International Symposium on Sustainability and Gender TACHI Kaoru and KANNO Koto 143 lll Reports on the Activities of the Institute for Gender Studies Ochanomizu University 2013 4 1 2015 3 31 147 Wi Editorial Guidelines 171 ll Editor s Postscript 173 18 2015 E H 4 4 2014 1 25 21 2012
528. ES F 2008 20 8 E 8 3 Va 18 2015 BAAR Le dictionnaire universel des cr atrices sous la direction de B atrice Didier Antoinette Fouque Mireille Calle Gruber lettrines dessin es par Sonia Rykiel t 1 BAY Le dictionnaire universel des cr atrices sous la direction de B atrice Didier Antoinette Fouque Mireille Calle Gruber lettrines dessin es par Sonia Rykiel t 3 CAW FYETOLISIEOBK TIRE GEOR K 8 8 2 cd
529. Journal of Gender Studies Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan 2000 20 s AV pen rera 7k Ie 7 BABE H o e ai ODI Alison M Jaggar ed Gezder and Global Justice T s
530. NY ZIF 2NORMBEL TO Cl 120 4 1980 5
531. RE FR MORES PIAERALIE VIRAR 8I MOREA M AGER UD RHF Bib MEREM AACR Quy ERS BE TERRE WDO MMA Ee PE ha PEM PEHLA Sexual ethic without morality essays on sexual ethics and sex critique 85 E DORMIA AIEE The zoophilia webpage incident MAZE Crossing borders II migration and development from a gender perspective f Global care chains toward a rights based global care regime Amaia Orozco Women s participation in the market women retail traders in Phnom Penh Cambodia Kyoko Kusakabe Thai construction workers women Stephen Ogunlana et al Violence against women Perspectives and strategies in India Govind Kelkar Gender concerns in aquaculture in Southeast Asia Kyoko Kusakabe Govind Kelkar eds PE f XL IURIS UBT Ve PE ED MER GICE TTR EP TALES URIE Vv
532. S 20 4 1 20 4 1 s 20 4 1 16 4 1 Ho 16 4 1 Ho 19 4 1 23 4 1 H 24 4 1 2 IEEE 19 4 1 12 4 1 26 3 31 A TRAS 20 4 1 A WE 23 4 1 A 23 4 1 26 3 31 Z
533. Taiwan was not engaged in the UN agenda of gender equality until the early 2000s The establishment of women s policy machinery in Taiwan had more to do with the development of the domestic feminist movement than with the advancement of the UN agenda The first women s policy machinery was established in the capital city Taipei in 1995 after the Democratic Progressive Party DPP won the mayor election and established the Taipei City Commission on the Promotion of Women s Rights CPWR This gender commission consisted of bu reaucratic members and civic members Bureaucratic members were heads of some of the depart ments of the city government Civic members were representatives of women s organizations or gen der scholars The chairperson of the gender commission was the mayor himself Besides the CPWR the Commission on Gender Equality Education and Commission on Women s Health were also estab lished under the Department of Education and Department of Health in the Taipei City government following similar compositions of the gender commission and headed respectively by the heads of each department Though the Taipei City government under the DPP began to work with feminist activists through these various commissions women s policy machinery at the national level did not emerge until 1997 after a tragedy The DDP s director of the Department of Women s Affairs was killed at the end of 1996 The killing was believed to be a random crime at night and n
534. activists and the state Taiwanese feminists began to engage the state in an active way from the mid 1990s and the en gagement was never easy In many ways it was a mutual learning experience feminists learned the workings of the state and the state learned about feminist values The engagement undoubtedly brought challenges to the feminist movement Besides the usual issues raised in the literatures of state feminism such as dual constituencies re direction of movement resources to accommodate the bureaucratic process of the state or de radicalization of the movement the development of state femi nism also made it more challenging for the feminist movement to connect with the youth Engaging the state requires knowledge of the state and that knowledge could be tedious boring and some times even difficult for young people to get a hold of because usually it is about understanding how the bureaucratic process works T he continuity of state feminism was also a double edged sword On the one hand it showed that state feminism in Taiwan was not affected very much by partisan politics because it allowed the femi nist movement to keep its influence in the policy making process to some extent On the other hand however it also meant that the feminist movement s agenda was not able to drive any political party s major agenda This was particularly clear on the issue of same sex marriages When both the KMT and DDP were under pressure from the
535. amp Social Affairs MOLISA 2014 Report National Review of 20 year Implementation of the Beijing Platform for Action BPFA in Viet Nam and the Outcomes of the 23rd Special Session of the General Assembly Draft 8 Oct 2014 National Committee for the Advancement of Vietnamese Women Guidelines on Gender Mainstreaming in Policy Making and Policy Implementation 2008 Nguyen Thi Thu Ha Gender Ideologies in the Vietnamese Printed Media In Danijela Majstorovic and Inger Lassen ed Living with Patriarchy Discourse Approaches to Politics Society and Cultures Amsterdam John Benjamins Publishing Company 2011 Tai Hue Tam Ho Faces of Remembering and Forgetting The Country of Memory Remaking the Past in Late Socialist Vietnam Berkeley University of California Press 2001 Tran Thi Van Anh A Gender Disaggregated Analysis of PAPI 2010 Data Research paper commissioned by the Centre for ommunity Support and Development Studies and supported by UNDP Viet Nam UN Women and UNDP Oslo Governance Centre Hanoi 2011 UNDP Technical Note An Analysis of employment in the state sector in Viet Nam Hanoi 2010 UNDP Women s Representation in Leadership in Vietnam Hanoi 2012 UN Women Vietnam National Programme on Gender Equality 2011 UN Women Gender Responsive Budgeting in Vietnam draft version 2015 World Bank Vietnam Country Gender Assessment Washington DC 2006 World Bank Vietnam Country Gender Assessment Washington
536. and Dorothy E McBride State Feminism since the 1980s From Loose Notion to Operationalized Concept Politics amp Gender 3 4 2007 pp 501 513 Meyer Mary and Elisabeth Prugl Gender Politics in Global Governance Lanham MD Rowman and Littlefield 1999 Outshoorn Joyce The Politics of Prostitution Women s Movements Democratic States and the Globalization of Sex Commerce Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2004 Peng Yenwen When Bureaucrats Meet Feminists Exploring the Progress and Challenges of Gender Mainstreaming in Taiwan Soochow Journal of Political Science 26 2008 pp 1 59 Rai Shirin Mainstreaming Gender Democratizing the State Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of Women Manchester Manchester University Press 2003 Siim Birte and Hege Skjeie Tracks Intersections and Dead Ends Multicultural Challenges to State Feminism in Denmark and Norway Ethnicities 8 3 2008 pp 322 344 Stetson Dorothy McBride Abortion Politics Women s Movements and the Democratic State A Comparative Study of State Feminism Oxford Oxford University Press 2001 Yang Wan Ying A Comparative Analysis of the Process of Gendered Law making in Taiwan Taiwanese Journal of Political Science 29 2006 pp 49 82 7 would like to thank the helpful comments from the two anonymous reviewers The research for this paper is supported by Taiwan s Ministry of Science and Technology NSCI01 2
537. and losses under the progressive government the conservative party returned to power and the new challenges began Il The Weakened Alliance under the Conservative Government In 2008 the conservative party KMT returned to power in Taiwan The government did not completely exclude feminist activists from the cabinet gender commission but among the newly ap pointed cabinet gender commissioners were people who did not have much feminist background or who were members of conservative women s organizations The alliance between the government and the feminist movement at first however was only weakened not broken Because the term of the cabinet gender commissioners was not synchronized with the election cycle when the conservative government returned to power in 2008 the Premier could assemble the new cabinet but he could not re appoint the civic gender commissioners until their term expired which was one year away In other words institutionally the Premier and his cabinet had to work with the feminist activists left in the cabinet from the previous government In 2009 when it was time to appoint new cabinet gender commissioners the government excluded those close to the oppo sition party but not all of the progressive feminist activists There were notable changes of course For example the National Women s League of the Republic of China known for its close relation with the conservative party now had its deputy secretary appointed a
538. and prevent sexual assault and harassment on campuses The law also clearly demanded teachers and administra tors to respect students sexual orientations In the ensuing years the law opened the door for gay and lesbian organizations to go into many schools to educate students on gay and lesbian rights In addition to the legal success the alliance between the government and feminist movement also helped to increase women s political participation Due to the early adoption and later reforms of gen der quotas Taiwan already enjoyed one of the highest levels of female representation in elected offic es in Asia The current percentage of female representatives in parliament is 33 6 percent much higher than Japan s 95 percent and South Korea s 15 7 percent In 2004 the cabinet gender commis sion demanded that a 30 percent gender neutral quota be applied to every cabinet and ministry level government commission not just gender commissions This would allow each sex to occupy at least 30 percent of the seats in a commission The demand became one of the resolutions of the cabinet gender commission in 2005 By the end of 2007 among the 500 plus government commissions that were supposed to comply with the resolution more than 90 percent of them did Despite the success through commission governance there were also obvious limitations The best example of the limitations was the cabinet gender commission s inability to prevent the govern ment
539. ative depoliticization drift Alfama and Cruells 2013 pp 1 3 EU Pollack 2000 Rees 2005 Woodward 2001
540. d once every four months civic commissioners now had section meetings on those five major policy realms and special meetings on specific policies In other words civic commissioners of the cabinet gender commission not only met the Premier and other ministers once every four months they were constantly holding meetings with various ministers or senior bureaucrats to discuss all kinds of policies Around 2002 and 2003 gender mainstreaming as a movement agenda was finally incorporated by the cabinet gender commission and the alliance between the government and feminist movement was further intensified because now the civic commissioners helped to review line ministries gender mainstreaming plans Though many civic commissioners held full time jobs in addition to the commis sion works they were actively involved and very dedicated because of their activist background and mentality The gender commission model was expanded into local governments in almost every city and county after 2002 and by 2008 before the conservative party returned to power a commis sion like working team was also established in every ministry The expansion of the gender commis 10 18 2015 sion was a significant change because it created even more institutional space that feminist activists and gender scholars could take advantage of In order to assure the connection between the minis try level working teams and the cabinet g
541. e Home and Domesticity lll Book Reviews SUZUKI Suzumi AV joy no shakaigaku Naze kanojotachi wa jozetsu ni mizukara o kataru no ka Sociology of Female Porn Stars Why They Talk Eloquently about Themselves CHANG Weijung 99 JAGGAR M Alison ed Gender and Global Justice NAKAMURA Chizuru 103 MAREE Claire Onee kotoba ron The Language of Queens YOSHIZAWA Kyosuke 107 NAGATA Hanako Bangladeshi no kougyouka to jenda Nikkei housei kigyou no kokusai Iien Bangladeshi Industrialization and Gender The International Transfers of OTA Maiko 111 Japanese Garment Corporations SAWADA Kayo Sengo Okinawa no seishoku o meguru poritikusu Beigun tochika no shusshoryoku tenkan to onnatachi no kosh The Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Okinawa TSUCHINO Mizuho 115 Fertility Transition and Women s Negotiations under US Military Occupation MIURA Mari and ETO Mikiko Jenda kuota Sekai no josei giin wa naze huetanoka Gender Quotas in Comparative Perspectives Understanding the Increase in Women Representatives SAIKA Yoko 119 SAMBE Michiko Kamu auto suru oyako Douseiai to kazoku no syakaigaku Parents and Children Who Come Out Sociology of Same Sex Relationships and Family SATO Miwa 123 SINGER Peter Anataga sukueru inochi Sekai no hinkon wo owaraserutameni imasugu dekirukoto The Life You Can Save Acting Now to End World Poverty ITAI Hiroaki 127 YOUNG M Iris Seigi he no sekinin Responsibility for Justice SUZUKI Ayako 131 N
542. e Representation and the Spillover Effect of Electoral Gender Quotas in South Korea International Political Science Review Vol 35 No 1 pp 80 92 2014 WINWIN 31 35 2013 OEE J 145 173 H 2014 o IGS f 7B cg I BMRB ok 2 3
543. eminism has been documented into two kinds 1 policy and legal success in some policy realms and 2 de mobilization and de radicalization of the feminist movement It has been shown that state feminism was successful in issues that have long been on the feminist move ment agenda Major policy changes or enactment of laws regarding abortion prostitution and equal representation of men and women are usually achieved under state feminism For policy issues that are not generally recognized as gender and women related however state feminism had clear limita tions Haussman and Sauer 2007 5 State feminism is also criticized for de mobilizing and de radical izing the feminist Once engaged in the bureaucratic routines of state functions portions of movement resources were directed to deal with the usually tedious bureaucratic requirement and less to advo cate on gender equality Haussman and Sauer 2007 5 While the strength and limitations of state feminism were shared in many countries experience the literatures also tend to suggest that state feminism enjoys more success under progressive gov ernments than conservative governments Except for Bashevkin 1998 1996 1994 few studies fo cused specifically on the relation between conservative governments and feminist movements Ba shevkin s studies 1994 showed that under conservative governments women s interests could vary with different opportunity structures and they were not alwa
544. en all the ministries under the demand of the cabinet gender commission had to establish a gender equality working team that included civic members the ministries needed to find scholars or activists that had gender knowledge and understood the work of the ministries When there were all these posi tions to fill it was no surprise that at least some feminist activists would be invited to be the civic members of the gender equality working teams at the ministry level In other words the weak alli ance between the conservative government and the feminist movement was not exactly a result of the intent of the government but a result of institutional demand Between 2008 and 2012 under the conservative government because of the feminist activists in the cabinet gender commissions and in the line ministries working teams there were still advance ments made by the feminist movement Besides the creation of the Department of Gender Equality within the cabinet the government passed the Enforcement Act of CEDAW and a new Gender Equality Policy Framework in 2011 Both had many feminist activists involved Though Taiwan is not a UN member the Taiwanese parliament ratified the CEDAW in 2007 and the government with the help of feminist activists prepared the first national report in 2009 Unable to send delegates to the UN for the report to be reviewed the Tarwanese government invited some CEDAW committee members to Taiwan to help review the national repo
545. en the pro and con camps of same sex marriages was very much like the replay of the fight over the curriculum guideline a year and half before The only difference was that the fight was even more vehement and had many more people involved Surveys conducted a year before showed that more than 5096 of Taiwanese support same sex marriage and younger generations overwhelmingly so Therefore besides the ral lies each held on the streets social media were also battlegrounds The conservative forces mobilization successfully blocked the bill from entering the second read ing of the parliament after the Alliance for Protecting Families lobbied and exerted pressure on both the KMT and the DPP parliamentary members It turned out the party whips of both parties had sid ed with the Alliance for Protecting Families and the only parliamentary members that continued their support for same sex marriages were a few female DPP politicians In early 2014 accompanied by the KMT parliamentary members the Alliance for Protecting Families met with the Premier and demanded that the Commission on Gender Equality Education should be diversified to include rep resentatives from religious organizations and parental organizations both close to the conservative camp Soon after the Ministry of Education announced the list of commissioners for the 2014 2016 Commission on Gender Equality Though there were credible activists and scholars on the list the ap pointment of
546. ender commission members of the cabinet gender commis sion passed a resolution and demanded that all the ministry level working teams should have at least one member of the cabinet gender commission on their teams Such institutional design made Taiwan s gender policy machinery a commission driven one since by 2008 there were gender commissions in ev ery ministry and in almost every local government Along with the development of commission governance under the progressive government there were also enactments of important gender laws The Gender Equality Employment Law and the Gen der Equity Education Law were passed respectively in 2002 and 2004 The Gender Equality Employ ment Law had been on the feminist movement s agenda for more than a decade and was finally passed by the parliament in 2002 The Gender Equity Education Law on the other hand was a significant suc cess of the alliance between the government and the feminist movement Civic members of the Com mission on Gender Equality Education in the Ministry of Education began to draft the law in 2001 and when the bill was submitted to the parliament in 2004 activists and bureaucrats were on the same side to lobby for the law The law stipulated that a gender friendly environment was essential for stu dents rights to education so it required every school from elementary schools to colleges and univer sities to establish a Committee on Gender Equality to promote gender equality education
547. er z oe EYES Pea OS T PE EG 0 5 RN BPHHHHH eos Lb E ER E E3 E Bs Hx PAH zl eee mass ILM E ibm rM 2 EE Sona Expt Calats wi Birana 2008 2090 11 hary T HALS ELEA EE LI EA TEA EEA ir TE iE HR EEH iOo3RELISDRERIZIULEN TALAT S scs KE mubm MENETERGEI Pee j a ATER ET i ed http www8 cao gojp shoushi shoushika data gdp html 2014 12 3 H 1994 1999 1997 4 2001 2 1 2001 2008 25
548. from including a waiting period in the draft of the Reproduction and Health Bill Around the mid 2000s the Department of Health wanted to replace the outdated Eugenics and Health Law enact ed in 1984 with a new Reproduction and Health Law The religious organizations and feminist organi zations fought against each other through the drafts of the bill regarding women s reproductive free dom The religious organizations demanded the government to implement a waiting period of seven 11 Chang Ling HUANG Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan days for any woman who wanted to have an abortion and the feminist organizations wanted none of that Eventually in the bill submitted by the cabinet to the parliament in 2006 the waiting period was reduced to three days and several cabinet gender commissioners resigned to protest Unable to win the battle within the cabinet feminist activists turned to the parliament to block the bill Because of the controversy about the waiting period parliamentary members were reluctant to deliberate on the bill and it has yet to be placed on the legislative agenda Generally speaking state feminism in Taiwan had its share of success and limitations under the progressive government between 2000 and 2008 One thing indisputable however is that the alliance between the government and feminist movement was unprecedented Before the feminist movement had a chance to reflect on its gains
549. h the state regardless of whether the government was progressive or conservative The policy continuity was there but the alliance between the government and the feminist movement was differ ent Under the progressive government when a large number of activists were appointed as commis sioners the feminist movement network was brought into the government Under the conservative government however some of the feminist activists stayed on as commissioners but the feminist movement network was no longer in the government The difference was mainly about the communi cations and interactions among civic commissioners before they attended the commission or working team meetings Under the progressive government such kinds of communication usually allowed the activists to have more strategic thinking in their interactions with the bureaucrats For example they would try to solve their differences beforehand and avoid raising different opinions when facing bu reaucrats so the bureaucrats could not use differences of opinion among civic commissioners as an excuse for not taking actions This united front was easier to form among the commissioners under the progressive government since most of them shared feminist values However under the conserva tive government such a united front became harder to form because the composition of the commis sioners changed When pre meeting communications did not exist or became rare the agenda that could be pushed
550. is incorporated in all policies at all levels and at all stages by the actors normally involved in policy making
551. lobby of the conservative forces neither party showed the commitment to legalize same sex marriages Generally speaking Taiwan s experience has shown that state feminism under the conservative government might slow down the pace of gender equality development but it has not reversed the course of actions taken under the progressive government at least not yet This means that once feminist activists find a way to engage the state as long as they keep engaging the state would be come more gender friendly The alliance might be uneasy between the feminists and the state espe cially under the conservative government but it is important and even necessary for the development of gender equality Ib Ao b e ALD A BEEK MESS 2014 26 12H 19H Table 1 Cabinet CPWR Member Composition Term Year Total of the of Civic of Members who Cabinet CPWR Members have movement or Members progressive party connections 2007 2009 30 17 12 2009 2011 31 18 8 2011 2013 31 18 6 2013 2015 35 18 7 Source Compiled by the author with data from the Department of Gender Equality of Executive Yuan Republic of China 18 18 2015 References Allsopp Jennifer State Feminism Co opting Women s Voices 2012 https www opendemocracy net author jennifer allsopp 0 Banaszak Lee Ann Karen Beckwith and Dieter Rucht W
552. nce State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan an education new curriculum guideline for grade 1 to 9 was scheduled to be in effect in August 2011 and the Commission on Gender Equality Education had made sure that gay and lesbian educa tion would be included as part of the gender equality education in the guideline The commission also invited scholars to write a teachers resource manual in which there were candid discussions on hu man sexuality including homosexuality and transgender identities In the spring of 2011 a petition initiated by the Taiwan True Love Alliance connected to Chris tian churches demanded the Ministry of Education to stop teaching students about gays and lesbians and called for the suspension of the new curriculum guideline The petition misunderstood the teach ers resource manual as a new textbook for elementary and junior high school students and ques tioned the appropriateness of the content Though feminist as well as gay and lesbian organizations countered with news conferences and releases to clarify the misunderstanding and defended the teachers resource manual the True Love Alliance successfully lobbied the parliament to stop the Ministry of Education from implementing the new curriculum guideline The parliament also demand ed the Ministry of Education to hold public hearings on this issue Feminist and gay and lesbian orga nizations by then had also formed the Friendly Taiwan Alliance In
553. olicy Routledge 1998 Daly Mary Gender Mainstreaming in Theory and Practice Social Politics 12 3 2005 pp 433 50 Davids Tine Francien Van Driel and Franny Parren Feminist Change Revisited Gender Mainstreaming as Slow Revolution Journal of International Development 26 3 2013 pp 396 408 Eveline J and C Bacchi What are We Mainstreaming When We Mainstreaming Gender International Feminist Journal of Politics 17 4 2005 pp 496 512 Jones Nicola Anne Mainstreaming Gender South Korean Women s Civic Alliances and Institutional Strategies 1987 2002 Ph D Dissertation The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2003 Kim Kyoung Hee A Frame Analysis of Women s Policies of Korean Government and Women s Movements in the 1980s and 1990s Korea Journal 42 2 2002 pp 5 36 Lombardo Emanuela Integrating or Setting the Agenda Gender Mainstreaming in the European Constitution Making Process Social Politics 12 3 2005 pp 412 32 Molyneux Maxine and Shahra Razavi Beijing Plus Ten An Ambivalent Record on Gender Justice Development and Change 36 6 2005 pp 983 1010 3l Moser C Has gender mainstreaming failed A comment on international development experiences in the South International Feminist Journal of Politics 7 4 2005 pp 576 90 Pollack Mark and Emilie Hafner Burton Mains
554. omen s Movements Facing the Reconfigured State Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2003 Bashevkin Sylvia Confronting Neo Conservatism Anglo American Women s Movements under Thatcher Regan and Mulroney International Political Science Review 15 3 1994 pp 275 296 Losing Common Ground Feminists Conservatives and Public Policy in Canada during the Mulroney Years Canadian Journal of Political Science 29 2 1996 pp 211 242 Women on the Defensive Living through Conservative Times Chicago University of Chicago Press 1998 Hankivsky Olena Gender Mainstreaming in Canada and Australia A Comparative Analysis Policy and Society 27 1 2008 pp 69 81 Haussman Melissa and Birgit Sauer Gendering the State in the Age of Globalization Women s Movements and State Feminism in Postindustrial Democracies Lanham Maryland Rowman amp Littlefield 2007 Huang Chang Ling Engaging the State Civil Society and the Institutional Transformation of Democracy Conference on Democratic Consolidation in Taiwan at Stanford University Stanford panel on Civil Society Oral Presentation May 30 31 2008 Jacobs Andrew For Asia s Gays Taiwan Stands Out as Beacon New York Times Oct 29 2014 Lovenduski Joni Petra Meier Diane Sainsbury Marila Guadagnini and Claudie Baudino State Feminism and Political Representation Cambridge Cambridge University Press 2005 Mazur Amy G
555. ommission on Gender Equality Education The announcement immediately angered the feminist movement because two of the members had been involved in the campaigns against le galizing same sex marriages in prior months The Commission on Gender Equality Education has been a main engine in promoting gender equality since its establishment in 1997 Though among the newly appointed commissioners there were also seasoned feminist activists the appointment of the two controversial commissioners signaled that under the conservative government the alliance be tween the state and feminist movement known as state feminism had become really fragile or nearly broken Chang Ling HUANG Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan State feminism has attracted the attention of feminist scholars since the 1980s when it emerged in many countries Mazur and McBride 2007 delineated the development of the term in three stages At first it was a loose term to describe a range of state activities related to gender and women s is sues Later influenced by the United Nations agenda of women s decades and gender mainstreaming the term was associated with women s policy agencies The third stage illustrated intellectual endeav ors by gender and women s studies scholars and they gave the term an operationalized concept state feminism is about the interactions between women s policy agencies and feminist movements The impact of state f
556. on of Women s Rights The meeting documents were data and documents prepared by bureaucrats for the commission s meetings Unlike the meeting minutes these documents have not been released online 9 Technically speaking Taiwanese women had reproductive freedom in the old Eugenics Law because one of the conditions under which legal abortion was allowed was very vaguely worded 10 I was among those who resigned 11 In Taiwan all the textbooks used by the schools from elementary to high schools have to follow the curriculum guideline designed by the Ministry of Education 12 Unable to change the curriculum guideline the True Love Alliance came up with a new tactic In 2013 the alliance changed its name to Taiwan Gender Education Development Association The name in both Chinese and English was extremely close to the Taiwan Gender Equality Education Association an organization established 10 years earlier and well known for its efforts in advocating for gender equality education Once the True Love Alliance changed its name the organization began to advocate a conservative version of gender education of which one of the main ideas was that gays and lesbians were corrigible 13 Though the bill on legalizing same sex marriage got blocked Taiwan was still regarded as the beacon for gay and lesbian rights in Asia Jacobs 2014 14 I was told that civic commissioners spent a lot of time fighting and arguing within the commission mainly because there i
557. ot politically motivated However women s organizations protested against the state s inability to create a safe environment and demand ed the national government still under the rule of the conservative KMT to be more responsive to ward women s needs The national government eventually established similar commissions like the ones in the Taipei City government The cabinet CPWR was established and the Commission on Gen Chang Ling HUANG Uneasy Alliance State Feminism and the Conservative Government in Taiwan der Equality Education was also established under the Ministry of Education The cabinet CPWR met three times a year and at first the commission was chaired by the Minister of the Interior at that time a female and later the chairperson was replaced by the Vice Premier Though civic commission ers would advise the government on various women s policies gender mainstreaming was not a part of the policy vocabularies yet Though the commission did publish works related to gender equality its impact on government policies was not obvious under the KMT government In 2000 the Democratic Progressive Party won the Presidential Election and the alliance between the government and feminist movement began to emerge and influence national policies After the DPP came to power many feminist activists were appointed as the cabinet gender commissioners and their involvement in the policy process led to institutional transformations and implemen
558. rt and the NGO s shadow reports However up until 2009 there was no consistent enforcement of the convention and no systematic review of laws and regulations to see if any of them violated CEDAW Under the demand of the feminist movement and with the support of the cabinet gender commission the government submitted the bill of the En forcement Act of CEDAW to the parliament and got it passed The Gender Equality Policy Frame work was initiated by civic members of the cabinet gender commission in view of the fact that the old framework written and passed in 2005 under the progressive government needed to be updated The commission invited other gender scholars to participate in drafting the framework and before the framework was formally approved by the cabinet it was presented to all ministries and to wom en s organizations conservative or progressive in every city and county The Framework was a com prehensive document and served as a to do list for the newly created Department of Gender Equali 14 18 2015 ty When the Department of Gender Equality was finally established in the cabinet in 2012 the ma jor tasks taken up by the department were three pillars promoting gender mainstreaming enforcing CEDAW and implementing the Gender Equality Policy Framework All three tasks began under the rule of the progressive government and all three tasks had feminist activists involved and working wit
559. s JAGGAR M Alison ed Gender and Global Justice MAREE Claire Onee kotoba ron The Language of Queens NAGATA Hanako Bangladeshi no kougyouka to jenda Nikkei housei kigyou no kokusai Iien Bangladeshi Industrialization and Gender The International Transfers of Japanese Garment Corporations SAWADA Kayo Sengo Okinawa no seishoku o meguru poritikusu Beigun tochika no shusshoryoku tenkan to onnatachi no kosho The Politics of Reproduction in Postwar Okinawa Fertility Transition and Women s Negotiations under US Military Occupation MIURA Mari and ETO Mikiko Jenda kuota Sekai no josei giin wa naze huetanoka Gender Quotas in Comparative Perspectives Understanding the Increase in Women Representatives SAMBE Michiko Kamu auto suru oyako Douseiai to kazoku no syakaigaku Parents and Children Who Come Out Sociology of Same Sex Relationships and Family SINGER Peter Anataga sukueru inochi Sekai no hinkon wo owaraserutameni imasugu dekirukoto The Life You Can Save Acting Now to End World Poverty YOUNG M Iris Seigi he no sekinin Responsibility for Justice NEMURA Naomi Gendai rinrigaku no chousen Sougo sonchou wo jitsugen suru tame no jikokettei to jenda Challenges of Modern Ethics Self determination and Gender for Realizing Mutual Respect USAMI Koichi KOTANI Masao GOTOH Reiko HARASHIMA Hiroshi eds 2014 Sekai no syakaifukushi nenkan 2014 Global Social Welfare Yearbook Report International Symposium on Su
560. s always difference of opinions between the two conservative members and the rest of the commission 15 For example it takes some experience for civic commissioners to understand how to push the right button when they demand bureaucrats to take actions Bureaucrats usually would not take initiatives to accomplish the tasks that civic commissioners demand unless the tasks are specifically assigned to them To make sure the tasks are correctly assigned civic commissioners need to have some knowledge about the functions of different units within the cabinet or the ministry 20 Keywords This article examines the desired and unintended outcomes of gender mainstreaming GM practice in Korea focusing on major GM instruments such as gender impact assessment and gender budgets which have been insti tutionalized since the 2000s The first part of the article briefly overviews the gender politics revolving around the institutionalization of GM in Korea over the past 20years During the ten years of women friendly administrations 1997 2007 a close and coop erative working relationship with the state and the women s movements result ed in the institutionalization of state feminism and GM Even the conservative government since 2008 has been making efforts to develop technical and mana gerial components of those GM
561. s a civic member of the cabinet gen der commission The Awakening Foundation a feminist organization known for its long term advoca cy on gender equality policies and laws no longer had its president appointed as a cabinet gender commissioner breaking a long term tradition since the birth of the gender commission There were also civic organization members or scholars who became commissioners but had no particular back ground in women s affairs The government however kept some of the commissioners who worked with the progressive government before and that was enough to maintain a weak alliance with the feminist movement Table 1 shows the composition of the cabinet gender commissioners since the conservative government returned As shown in the table between 2007 and 2009 when the conser vative government had to work with the civic commissioners left from the previous progressive gov ernment the number of commissioners that had connections to the feminist movement or opposition 12 18 2015 party was relatively high After 2009 that number went down but remained stable throughout the rule of the conservative government The conservative government s willingness to work with some of the feminist activists in the cabinet gender commission was partially related to the fact that Taiwan s gender policy machinery did not have a full time bureaucratic unit until 2012 Before all the government gender commi
562. ssions emerged from the mid 1990s bureaucratic units such as the Departments of Women s Affairs in the national or local governments treated women s affairs mainly as an issue of welfare delivery not an issue of gender equality The situation changed when the various gender commissions were estab lished but the government s commitment to promote gender equality still fell short of establishing a high level bureaucratic unit to be in charge of planning and making gender policies Starting from 2003 the feminist movement demanded the government to establish a high level bureaucratic unit for women s policies Within the feminist movement there were vehement debates about the proper in stitutional design Some argued for a new ministry like the Korean Ministry of Gender Equality The advantage of this ministry model was transparency and an independent budget Others argued for a bureaucratic unit within the cabinet The advantage of this department in cabinet model was its bu reaucratic power over line ministries The debate lasted for a few years Eventually in 2009 the gov ernment decided to adopt the department in cabinet model and that decision also allowed preserva tion of the cabinet gender commission According to the new design the cabinet gender commission would be renamed as the Gender Equality Committee GEC of the Executive Yuan and remained as the decision making body for women s and gender equality policies The newly created Department
563. stainability and Gender SHIN Ki young HUANG Chang Ling KIM Kyoung Hee HIEN Luong Thu MIURA Mari ADACHI Mariko IDA Kumiko KATO Kyoko KUMAGAI Keichi CHANG Weijung NAKAMURA Chizuru YOSHIZAWA Kyosuke OTA Maiko TSUCHINO Mizuho SAIKA Yoko SATO Miwa ITAI Hiroaki SUZUKI Ayako YAMAMOTO Chiaki SANO Mayuko TACHI Kaoru and KANNO Koto Reports on the Activities of the Institute for Gender Studies Ochanomizu University 2013 4 1 2015 3 31 Editorial Guidelines Editor s Postscript 99 103 107 111 115 119 123 127 131 135 139 143 147 171 173
564. tation of gen der mainstreaming Before these feminist activists became gender commissioners the commission held meetings three times a year and the policy suggestions made in those meetings were not necessarily adopted or followed by line ministries Among these commissioners some were also seasoned feminist activists However at that time the major function of the commission was consultative and there was no established mechanism to follow up on the suggestions made by the commissioners When the DPP was first in power the term of the KMT appointed gender commissioners had not yet expired Some feminist activists that were close to the DPP government made two demands First that the commission should be expanded so more feminist activists could be commissioners Second that the Premier not Deputy Premier should be the chairperson of the commission The gov ernment accepted both When more feminist activists were appointed as cabinet gender commission ers commissioners for the cabinet CPWR the feminist movement network was brought into the gov ernment These feminists did not regard themselves as mere policy consultants they thought of themselves as partners with the government in making gender policies The cabinet gender commis sion was then divided into five different sections with focuses on women s safety health employment and welfare education and culture and international participation Besides the regular commission meetings hel
565. ternazionale Margherita Boniver La proposta di alternativa per il cambiamento il documento preparatorio del XVI Congresso approvato da CC e dalla CCC nella sessione del 23 25 novembre 1982 f Leyes XIII i e Tredicesimo Congresso del Partito comunista italiano atti e risoluzioni I PCI e la sinistra europea Giorgio Napolitano Gianni Cervetti Sergio Segre a cura di Giovanni Mtatteol Annual report 1981 1982 compiled and edited by Victorya Monkman Juliette Laplante L H rault Repport annuel 1981 1982 text receullis et pr par s par Victorya Monkman Juliette Laplante L Herault Programme Colloque international sur la recherche et l enseignement relatifs aux femmes Montr al 26 juillet 4 ao t 1982 Program International Conference on Research and Teaching Related to Women Montreal J uly 26 August 4 1982 Programa Co Papers to be presented during the International Conference on Research and Teaching Related to Women Montr al J uly 26 August4 1982 Le bulletin Newsletter Universit Concordia Institut Simone de Beauvoir Concordia University Simone de Beauvoir Institute 170 18 2015
566. tive Government in Taiwan Chang Ling HUANG State feminism usually begins to develop or has rapid development under the rule of leftist or progressive governments Like many other countries Tai wan s state feminism is a product of the progressive or at least relatively pro gressive government After the Democratic Progressive Party captured power in 2000 many feminists were brought into the government mainly as commissioners of vari ous government commissions and they actively promoted the agenda of gender equality In 2008 however the conservative Nationalist Party returned to pow er and the challenges to state feminism immediately emerged Some of the newly appointed civic commissioners to the cabinet or ministry level gender commissions had little background in or knowledge of the feminist movement This creates a challenge to the commission driven gender policy machineries in Taiwan By examining the reconfiguration of the gender policy machineries and the interactions between the feminist movement and the conservative government I argue that under the conservative government the alliance between the gov ernment and feminists though not completely broken has become much weak ened Key words state feminism conservative government gender mainstreaming women s movement I State Feminism and Conservative Government In January 2014 the Ministry of Education in Taiwan announced the list of newly appointed members of the C
567. to promote representation through the analysis of nomination process of women in the legislative elections researchers Wonhong Kim Suyeon Lee KWDI A study on divorce law reform Boksoon Park Seonyoung Park Yeobong Lee KWDI Research on the blind spot of multicultural family support policy Yiseon Kim Yoosun Chu Meihua Fang KWDI The profile of family caregiving as provided by female older adults in South Korea resercher in charge Inhee Choi co researchers Youngran Kim Jihye Yeom Soohyun Kim KWDI Empowering parental capacity of the North Korean female defectors Seungah Hong Soyoung Kim Jungran Park KWDI Panel analysis of 2010 2012 gender budget statements principal researcher Youngsook Kim co researcher Myoungjae Lee Hyoseon Kim assistant Soyoung Cho KWDIA study on the distribution of social welfare finances by gender Gawon Chung Sunjoo Cho Yunyoung Namgung KWDI A Study on improving the child rearing subsidy program for low income single parent families Eun Ji Kim Jung Im Hwang 7213 ESER BARZ MAA PARAS PND RAM BAPTA 18 2015 OFE FER Ip LUMA BNR KERB Gilt FREAK Pei CER ALAM MEE FRM PAK AUG SLE PAR PELAMER SI J E SEXTL ER dS
568. treaming Gender in the European Union Journal of European Public Policy T 3 2000 pp 432 56 Rees T Reflections on the uneven development of gender mainstreaming in Europe International Feminist Journal of Politics 7 4 2005 pp 555 74 Squires Judith Is Mainstreaming Transformative Theorizing Mainstreaming in the Context of Diversity and Deliberation Social Politics 12 3 2005 pp 366 88 True Jacqui Mainstreaming Gender in Global Public Policy International Feminist Journal of Politics 5 3 2003 pp 368 396 United Nations 1996 The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action Fourth World Conference on Women Beijing China 4 15 September 1995 New York United Nations Verloo Mieke Displacement and Empowerment Reflections on the Concept and Practice of the Council of Europe Approach to Gender Mainstreaming and Gender Equality Social Politics International Studies in Gender State and Society 12 3 2005 pp 344 365 Walby Sylvia Gender Mainstreaming Productive Tensions in Theory and Practice Social Politics 12 1 2005 pp 321 43 Woodward Alison European Gender Mainstreaming Promises and Pitfalls of Transformative Policy Review of Policy Research 20 1 2001 pp 65 88 32 Keywords uil 2 IH 55
569. who prefer the home to the public space present a mirror image of the corporate warriors of older generations who focused almost exclusively on their jobs rejecting domestic involvement Otaku place themselves in imaginary homes either in cyberspace or in commercial maid caf s and are escaping from a commitment to real others Netouyo turn to Japan as their home and defend it by using an exclusionist discourse that targets neighbouring nations and im migrants They have some differences However lacking vibrant and bodily others is a common feature for these masculinities Viewed together as young Japanese men experience growing dis tress about their social standing it becomes apparent that they are homebound seeking a sense of domesticity 18 2015 1 Kimmel 2012
570. women 3 project manager Taehong Kim co authors Insook Yang Hojoong Bae KWDI Accomplishments of the 30 year efforts for women s integration in social development and an outlook for the future 2 chief researcher Wha Soon Byun co researchers Ae Kyung Yang Sun Ju Lee Hee Young Moon KWDI KLoWF Korean longitudinal survey of women amp families chief researcher Jae Seon Joo co researchers Young Taek Kim et al research assistant Eun Sue Kang KWDI Strengthening gender equality policy infrastructure in the Asia Pacific region Eun Kyung Kim et al KWDI Research on gender equality practices by the general public and obstacles Sangsu Ahn et al KWDI Research on the effective establishment of the gender mainstreaming system chief researcher Kim Kyung Hee co researchers Kim Dool Soon etal KWDI Analysis of the status of adolescent immigrants from North Korea by gender and support policies for female adolescent among them chief researcher Haesook Chung co researchers Yoonjeong Choi Jaeun Choi KWDI Structure and characteristics of women s unemployment based on the extended unemployment rate project title Study on the recent changes in the structure of women s unemployment chief researcher Youngock Kim KWDI Ten years of the national basic livelihood security system and working poor women Jongsoog Kim Seon Mee Shin KWDI Adolescent health from gender perspectives and policy issues Dongsik Kim Youngtaek Kim KWDI M easures
571. ys disadvantaged However Bashevkin 1996 also showed that even if the feminist movement could still make advancement under conserva tive government their common ground with the conservative government was much narrower What happened to state feminism under conservative government if it began under the progressive govern ment in a newly democratizing country Could state feminism survive the government change or did it disappear when the conservative party returned to power On the other hand under what circum stances would the conservative government be willing to continue what was achieved during the rule of the progressive government This paper aims to explore these questions by looking at the experi ence of Taiwan a young Asian democracy that has experienced state feminism under both progres sive and conservative governments since 2000 Taiwan experienced decades of authoritarian rule before democratization began in 1987 The democratic forces eventually captured power in 2000 and feminists were brought into the govern ment to take advantage of the opportunity to make and implement women friendly policies In 2008 however the conservative Nationalist Party Kuomintang KMT returned to power and the challeng es to state feminism began Based on data collected through documents field research and personal involvement and observation of Taiwan s feminist movement I will show in this paper that the alli

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

OPMM-1616-XT User Manual - Diamond Point International  Service Manual LX3900SA/01/05/69/75/93  l||l|||l|l  Philips Forecast Bow  UCM6108 IP PBX Appliance  Geovision GV-FE420  Chief Single Swing Arm Wall Mount  MN09CES_IM_Spa_Por_Spain_2 EU kit  Tokina AT-X 116 Pro DX II  Instruzioni per l`uso SEBO DUO  

Copyright © All rights reserved. Failed to retrieve file