販夢 後の警告と 回収 ー製造物責任の一側面一〝`
Contents
1. OR NNSR rriers of 02. gs re fie Rt 2 ABC 88 798 50 3 4 1999 1 ABC
3. actionable negligence 4 d 48 4 d Noncompliance with product safety statute or administrative regulation Ia
4. 9 b 37 ury 84 194 50 3 4 999 1 1 4 b When a reasonable person in the seller s posit
5. 17 B _ Apportionment of Responsibility Between or 908 Plaintiff Sellers and Dis tributors of Defective Products and Others a RS gt b manner NN a a 1
6. 21 The Post Sale Duty to Warn Two Unfortunate Forksiin the Road to a RASONADIS Doctrine 58N Y U L Rev 892 896 1983 NC 22 33 3 4 1981 97 kl 6 104 OO 785 75 H E
7. Y 7Z9 69 1997 4 1 3 2 2 Categories of Product Defect a tb
8. Cc b C 1995 202 203 2 2 21 49 6 1998 151 165 70 750 50
9. eR RO 1995 Gregorv v Cincinati Inc 1964 A 29 21 Schwartz op cir p 901 30 id p 901 fn 42 See Consumer Product Safety Act 15 U S C 82064 1982 Consumer Product Safety Commission Natonal Traffic and Motor Vehi cle Safety Act of 1966 15 U S C 1414 1982 Secretary of Transportation The Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968 42 U S C 263 g 1982 Secretary of Health and Human Services The Federal Boat Safety Act of 1971 46 U S C 1464 1975 Secretary of Departnent in which Coast Guard is operating 31 538 NW 35 Mich CCH 14503 1996 p 47371
10. h Reguirement that those to whom a PoSt sale warning might be provided be able to act effectively to reduce the risk purchaser
11. 199 89 2 g The Seller s ability to communicate the warning effectively to those who are in a position to act to prevent harm
12. 20 91 3 ABC 1220 ABC XYZ 1 1220 ABC XYZ 6 4 ABC N 9y ABC 1220 2 b
13. OT 0 96 206 50 3 4 1999 1 2 MNO 1 MNO MNO 3 1 MNO
14. a 2 b 46 4 Noncompliance and Com pliance with Product Safety Statutes or Regulaions 0 8 Ek 1 94 20 50 3 4 1999 1
15. comparative responsibility 17 a a 5 XYZ Buster Sedan XYZ Buster oversteer XYZ Buster Sedan Buster Sedan 2 b XYZ Buster 1 Buster Sedan Somia Rand
16. 2 direct enforcement proceeding NAN _ 4 46 20Z 97 or other distributor voluntarily undertake
17. Requirement that seller or other distributor knows or should know of the product related risk 2 c 2 c MS 5 f RE
18. 1 MNO 4 2 d Distinguishing liability for post sale failure to recall from Hiability for the sale or other distribution of defective prod ucts 98 208 50 3 4 1999 1 EO DR RE NG 15
19. ta reasonable man of ordinary prudence an ordinary prudent man a man of average prudence a man of reasonabie sense exercising ordinary care Re 2
20. GT 10 13 o 1 MNO Comp 3 MNO b 9 0 47 13 Liability of Successor for Harm Caused by Successor s Own Post Sale Failure to Warn 8 12
21. 2 b MNO 8 1 when seller SN 4 8
22. PL PL
23. I standard 1979 OAI 22 104 Basic Standard of Responsibility for Manufacturers c 6 Post Manufacture Duty to Warn
24. N 39 2 11 86 796 50 3 4 1999 1 i 1 ABC 1220 3 ABC 4
25. ABC 14 5 ABC ABC 14 ABC f to whom a warning might be provided are unaware of the risk
26. 1 100 270 50 3 4 1999 1 WM IV 3 1997 1984 Prosser and Keeton Torts 5th ed
27. 3 22 44 22 _83 112 156 207 905 141 297 433 399 2 889 49 10 2 PL GMO 1959 Ck V Ni Motors Corp 1953 Buick 10 358 Mich 163 99 NW 2d 627 1959 783 73
28. 1 maintenance 6 ee purchaser 2 b 1 2 a 3
29. 2 1 b a Rationale 2 3 4 9 YY 45 3 Circumstantial Evidence Sup porting Inference of Product Defect
30. 1993 6 1997 195 196 410 425 7 PL 1994 46 8 9 i 040 2 5 4 2 6 1994 1070 33 X13 72 782 50 3 4 1999 1 1 EF 63 2 13 38 105 78 37 22 460 94 67 1021131 91 118 848 19 39 EERE 218 lt A
31. GM 1932 1 latent defect HE 9 13 1988 1990 1992 1993 1994 1979 i Model Uniform Product Liabil ity Act MULPA
32. 43 2 28 47 78 788 50 3 4 1999 1 35 82 22 6 48 1973 2 OT ET RE CRP PL PL
33. ABC 1220 1220 2 ABC b 1 4 d Requirement that the risk of harm be substanGal 797 87
34. 26 LE Abbott 1994 9 6 1084 1103 27 7 PL 1994 47 78Z 77 2 3 _ MA 2 1 CH 16 j5 5 4 5 45 146 22 5 4 3 182 3 412 1318 i 0012 0 HH 315 1 1 400 0 33 4 2 33 1 126 22 2 1 91 15 6612 23 ea 5 5 10 2 2 4 3 40 16 3 Lena PT 8 LN 3 12 9
35. Henderson and Twerski 1980 1990 a 0 lb 199 7 1 50 Torts 5 th ed West Publishing Co St Paul 1984 p 697 5 1 3 201 209 2 277 v
36. XYZ XYZ 2 b XYZ 10 7 XYZ Sonia 2 b XYZ XYZ 10 e Causal relationship between failure to recall and plaintiff s harm
37. _ NR es 195 85 b 11 2 4 NO b 2 4 Nf Cc
38. NM d m 90 200 50 3 4 1999 1 Requirement that the risk of harm be sufficiendy great to justify providing a post sale 0 b 4
39. 2 291 Dane oute aso wan em ees oxiins w 0 ne sale 41 Unreasonable _ness How Determined Magnitude of Risk and Utility of Conduct
40. ABC XYZ 1220 4 9 30 Z XYZ E 4 A ABC lt J XYZ oN ABC 1 2 42 1 Liability of Commercial Seller or Distributor for Harm Caused bv Defective Prod ucts
41. 18 20 10 11 10 11 2 9 11 3 9 10 11 3 1997 2 American Law Institute 1997 21 2
42. PL 189 79 2 Schwarg marginal benefits
43. stream of commerce 1990 1990 r Nr i 23 Romero v Interna
44. 1956 1993 38 1 807 4 1 S 8 3 3 4 _ 1994 1 269 1 395 5 1 No 995 315 1984 71 2 No 1663 pL 1992 3 787 7
45. b 1 2 2 3 4 793 83 a Rationale
46. Schwartz 1983 11 12 338 Mich 163 at 177 99 NW 2d 627 at 634 Frumer and Friedman Products Li ability Matthew Bender amp Co New York 1992 vol 2 p 12 137 13 Kozlowski v John E Smith s Sons Co 275 NW 2d 913 14 Cover v Cohen 461 NE 2d 864 15 Hodder v Goodyear Tire amp Rubber Co 426 NW 2d 826 16 Fell v Kewanee Farm Equipment Co 457 NW 2d 911 17 Owens Ilinois v Zenobia 601 A 2d 633 18 Walton v Avco Corp 610 A 2d 454 19 Dixon v Jacobsen Mfg Co 637 A 2d 9IS 20 4 42 6 1998 29 74 184 50 3 4 1999 1
47. SD
48. SS LM RN EE 1 1983 58 1992 4 10 2 889 1 3 1998 7 28 1 5 1994 1 Hf PEE N No 1789 P
49. 92 202 50 3 4 d999 1 1220 E contributory neglhigence comparative fault E 7 4 ABC 3 E 2 ABC ABC b 1 4 11 Liability of Commercia1 Product Seller or Dis tributor for Harm Caused by Post Sale Failure to Recall Product 43 1
50. 2 Re quirement that those to whom a warning might be provided be identifiable
51. 2 j 40 2 Warnings obvious and generally known as
52. Se 4 8 205 95 MNO b Failure to recall when recall is specifically required by statute or other governmental regulation 4 1
53. hG IV 3 1997 32 Wallace v Dorsey Trailers Southeast Inc 849 F 2d 341 8 th Cir 1988 BNeine Missouri law Romero Y International Harvester Co 979 F2d 1444 10th Cir 1992 sie Colorado law Zettle v Handy Mfg Co 837 F 2d Supp 222 E D Mich N D 1992 Eschenburg v Navistar International Trans portation Corp 829 F Supp 210 E D Mich S D 1993 33 Bell iHelicopter Co v Bradshaw 594 SWi2d 519 Tex Civ App 1979 Blossman Gas Co v Williams 375 SE 2d 117 Ga App 1988 34 Restatement of the Law 3 Torts Products Liability Proposed Final Draf The _ 797 81 A 10 11 OO A NN
54. 35 3 15 20 1998 6 3 3 109 126 36 1 21 82 192 50 3 4 1999 1 Liability of Commercial Product Sellers Not Based on Product Defects at Time of Sale 9 Liability of Commercial Product Seller or Distributor for Harm Caused by Misrepresentation 10 Liability of Commercial Product Seller or Distribu tor for Harm Caused by Post Sale Failure to Warn a NORA 232 8234
55. 80 790 50 3 4 1999 1 1 2 1 2 1980 1990 I OT 2rWWP
56. 6 XYZ 49 15 Genetal Rule Governing Causal Connection Between Product Defect and Harm 209 99 Buster Sedan 1 2 Sonia 15 17 6 XYZ 5 Sonia
57. 1994 1 1 2 7 10 1 13 4 6 1
58. 3 4 999 1 2 at the time of sale or distribution II Sy 1
59. 68 178 8 3 1997 _ lt 1 1995 7 1 2 5
60. ion would provide a warning gt 2 283 c 38 Standard of the reasonable man community a a 2
61. s to recall 4 MNO
62. tional Harvester Co 979 F 2d 1444 10 th Cir 1992 ap plying Colorado law 24 Williams v Monarch Machine Tool Co Inc 26 F 3d 228 ist Cir 1994 applying Massachusetts Jaw 25 MV 3 1997 10 b 1 4 76 786 50 3 4 1999 1 I 1 4 1956 1993 1
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