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BBEB-D013S

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1. 49 AF Afr Afrik Akkad AL Alb Amh Amlnd AmSp AN Arab Aram Assyr Austral Bulg Cant Cat Celt Chin Copt Corn Dan Du E Egypt F Finn Flem Frank Fris G Gael Gk Gmc Goth Haw Heb Hind Hung Icel IE Ir It 50 B m gr s Anglo French Africa Afrikaans Akkadian Anglo Latin Albanian Amharic American Indian American Spanish Anglo Norman Arabic Aramaic Assyrian Australia Bulgarian Canadian French Catalan Celtic Chinese Coptic Cornish Danish Dutch English Egyptian French Finnish Flemish Frankish Frisian German Gaelic Greek Germanic Gothic Hawaiian Hebrew Hindustani Hungarian Icelandic Indo European Trish Italian Jav Jpn L LaF Latv LG Lith M MDu ME MexSp MHG MLG ModGk ModHeb OS Pers Pol Port Prov Russ Sc Scand Sem Serb Serbo Croat Skt Slav Sp Swed Syr Turk WInd Yid Javanese Japanese Latin Louisiana French Latvian Low German Lithuanian Middle Medieval Middle Dutch Middle English Mexican Spanish Middle High German Middle Low German Modern Greek Modern Hebrew Neo Latin Norwegian Old Old Dutch Old English Old French Old High German Old Norse Old Saxon Persian Polish Portuguese Provencal Russian Scottish Scandinavian Semitic Serbian Serbo Croatian Sanskrit Slavonic S
2. 7141 0031 7 SETOQ H388 HHHHHHVOCHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Printed in China
3. RANTS CBS oss 1 1 AE E iw HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH 25 HHHHHHHL HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 1 DG BBEB D0135 HH HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHH Eg CERE REL TPA EBR 120MS0 00000 2 O POBBEB DOTSS PRE BOGIES 000000 BBEB D013SH HHHHHH 9 3 nung HHHH HH HHHH m HHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E EL 0 4 EBR S7MSH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH EBR S7MSH31HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH 26 HHHHHHHHH ROM HHHHHHH 008000000 0 9 HHH HHHHHHHHH ROMIHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH D HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000000000 0000000000000000 oOo0000 000000000 ROM HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH 0 ooo CH a Oo a E a E EL D EU c3
4. ooo a a a a CH 53 a KE LITTLE LI EET EE ETE E a e E EX mann DEE ES El E 3e Eds EEE a a El a a HO a ooo Cie OS SIE oo oS gt 53 20005 ODO Goo oOo ooo oo EE 3 ss Co oof oO Oo ODO Soo Co Oo ooo oOo ooo CH Ui Co Bro E Ooo ooo Co CIE oOo EE ari E E Es ELE o 4500 ae ESL BE SV gem as Gan IM san
5. DUU 0000000 Oo 1060 1 0000 omju 0 0 CS CH D0000000000000000 gab ar dine g bordi n gt A gt 0 gebordin im port v Impa 7t n SM gt 0 impa rt M Oo 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 ceo EE Ooo a EREGI E a O O attempt ot m p t I O ot mpt ot mt A m n D EO 00000000000 O 0 DUU D OO strong form 0 0 0 D OOO weak O O at ot et t for for f r HO 000000000000000 20000000000 518808 st i o n M O st rfon st rfn Al ethnic 0nik ni cal ethnic 0nik ethnical 0nrk o l M equivalence ikwiv o lons c equivalence ikwfv o lons equivalency ikw v o lonsi T Il HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH D00000 O Ae gos pot a mi i gosp tom r mos mos n aecirum fsiom fi n pl cia o articulate a rt kjolot a vt vi l tt
6. L3 E3 E3 E3 EI E SS EI ELE E ae 5 050 50 050 E L3 B3 C r3 11114 411130357 COOC HH VCCIHH HHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHH e Memory Stick 0 0000000 D Memory Stick ROMY HHHHHHHHHHHHH e 8665 Dictionary 0 O BBEB Dictionaryp 00000 0 00000 sHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHH Oo HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 89000000000 000000000 000000000000000000000 HHHHHHH AREA 00000000 nnnnn HHHH 9 an 0000000000000 D 000 A 000011 UoU D HHHHHHHH ROM O DNA UU EET E EE ed E EL aot t s e Book Reader 0 HHHHHHHHH ROM HHHHHHH eee
7. 1 a 55050 aa RE O am S m a 53 a ooo a a E El ooo 52 205 Bee GG E EI EHI eo 205000050 3 000 2 00 Co N oO 42 I rc pl O O make z out 1M O O can could E 0 20000 00000 11101 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH v po000000 05000000000000 draw v od w I 150 0 0 0 d D D O O U pg0000000 0280000000000 0 tod O 03000000 00 7 0 00 000000 5000000 00 approach HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 10 HHHHHHHHHH one one s ones
8. 0000000000000 0000000000000000 ELE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH CO CO cy HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH A ooo Cy HHHHHHH Eo 91 50000 Dogg 0000000000000 00000000000 000000 0000000000000 000000000 6000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 70000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH 0 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH lt cf gt HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH sth something HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH sb somebodyHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHs HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHsD HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 80000000 HHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHH 92 HHHHUHHHHHHH 1 6 9000000 od sp 00000 0000000000000000000 000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHDH 0000000 0000000 epog00000000000000000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH mp p000000
9. 17 HILD HU EH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH F ESTA XUL TEES o On 0000000 ooo ooo now oO con 00000000000 00000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ooo oom C3 r3 oma E E a ooo HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 18 HHHHHUHHHH HHHL 1 1 00000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HH DHA DUBIE SADO UR JAGA EEE iHe HH HH 00000 00000 00000 HHUHHHHHHHHHHHL HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH DHC GEK AD o SE ARA CSE DEDO AE va ooo mad mad nooo poo OO noo ad EJ Lp DOO La mad a El a a 1 1 oO oO ooo 20 HHHHHHH Il amp HHHHH HH amp HHHH ugagaadnaQesAnnt u HHHHHHHHQ amp AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH
10. E E B 000000000 1 69 5 80 6 11 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HH cf PLANET cf ASTRAL SIDEREAL e 7000000 ug f gt gt D00000005 50560 000 su 00000000540000 h J DDUDUBDDUDUSAJDDUDD 82 aHHHHHHHHHHHHHH u 10 00000 M d uble l ck vt HHHHHHHHHHH ad Ai ies Russo Ai phobia bio ch mical ch mic a HHHHHHHHH am 1 0000000000 O D O O icakly adv Ca mel o par dalis kom lop rd o los Camel o par dus kom lopd rdos 023000 E 45 21 0 46 famous f mos a 10000 O O well known oleic oul 1k l r uli a 20000000 Do lo res dol5 ros 0 0 000 0 Lola Loleta Lolita IM Sp L sorrow of the Virgin Mal aldo sterrone eelddstor un eldoust ordun amp eldoustor un 2 8 0000000 HHH 00 gt 5 30 7 310 DO D 0 UI ofte D 0 0000 0000000 OO Oo 00000001 OOO 000 HHHHHHHHHHHHH 00000 d000 S D up HHHHHHHHHHHHH 1 7 6 1900 OO sn HHHHHHHUUHHHHHHUHHHHH
11. N aard vark a dva k AmE a rdva rk noun an animal from southern Africa that has a long nose and tongue and that eats insects bird of paradise noun pl birds of paradise a bird with very bright feathers found mainly in New Guinea Irregular forms of verbs with their pronunciation Irregular plurals of nouns are also given cling klm verb clung clung klan V 1 on to sb sth on together to hold on tightly to sb sth sur vivors clinging to a raft o She clung onto her baby o Cling on tight o They clung together shivering with cold 2 to sth to stick to sth a dress that clings fits closely prepositions adverbs and Structures that can be used with this word and shows the shape of your body o The wet shirt clung to his chest o The smell of smoke still clung to her clothes 3 to sb usually disapproving to stay close to sb especially because you are emotionally dependent on examples of use in italic type them After her mother s death Sara clung to her aunt more than ever cling to sth cling on to sth to be unwilling to get rid of sth or stop doing sth label giving information about usage Throughout the trial she had clung to the belief that he was innocent o He had one last hope to cling on to o She managed to cling on to life for another couple of years fixed form of noun dock dvk AmE da k noun verb mnoun 1
12. A bomb r ABO blood group rbi u A rbi 6u 14 gr p l HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH uuruuu CHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH genre F z r Welt G v lt a Ab lard bola rd Fabelarf QO amp bola rd 00000 Augsburg 5 gzb rg uezbuorg G auksburk OO uksburk M D 40000 O valet de cham bre F vale dof br DI pl va lets de cham bre Q HOOO000000 O O bear b or beer bea grace gr rs Grace Fitz ger ald fitsdz r o ld FitzGerald HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ee E en der El a gA RUE 6 Ke a HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH 503 el a amp Ooo SS EP ELEI OOS m action station 5 8 st amp f s n OOO HHHHHHHHHHHHHH e n D D D M llof absentee D DO aebs nt 0 0 bsionti belot 00000000 io
13. UU e LTE a og ooo r3 oot E os 22250855905 oor o Y x ooo ot r3 Tani M EEE LT O BOL Ej E ooo EE 3 1 3 1 OOOOH OOOO 1 1 CO SW H 1 3 Lr T El 60 1111 11 1 11 1 Lu t Lu t Abbreviations and grammar labels used in the dictionary abbr abbreviation NZE New Zealand English adj adjective pl plural adv adverb pp past participle AmE American English prep preposition AustralE Australian English pron pronoun BrE British English pt past tense 0 countable noun sb somebody conj conjunction ScotE Scottish English det determiner sing singular etc et cetera and so on sth something IrishE Irish English symb symbol n noun U uncountable noun North
14. 1 8 os es Hoag El A 2 u 12 os 53 IS rm a Ea E I r8 a a 5 29505 5 a lo 53 5 5 Bu c 2 3 a Cl 5 E g H ER T o Oo gt 1 a C3 oo ot ooo Op 53 53 a oO C3 og l a C3 lt cit oO of HS El o HO 2o IE Cl lt 20 5 2 oO Ss E G GB a 30 a sm SG 5 C3 8 z az s O E CO gt OD mamang CS ro 3 5 E a 1 3 3 off E 32 shash lik lick shastiK 000300000000 Om epilogue 0 1 0 OOO 1 1 1 D LU epilog 0 U D 1 00000000000 aze seHHHHH zeHHHHHHHHHH 13 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 000000000000 D chop 80000000000000 HUD chop vi vt pp 111010 00000000 00 IU 0 O about DO chop pl D DD jaw 4000000000
15. 1 1111 11 1 1 1 Abbreviations used in the Guide abbr abbreviation infml informal adj adjective Inc Incorporated a m in the morning before Jr Junior noon Latin ante kph kilometres per hour meridiem MP Member of Parliament AmE American English mph miles per hour approv approving showing Mr title of a man approval Mrs title of a married woman BrE British English n noun 6 countable noun No Number c about Latin circa old fash old fashioned disapprov disapproving showing pl plural disapproval p m after noon Latin post Dr Doctor meridiem e g for example Latin Rev Reverend exempli gratia sing singular esp especially 81 slang etc et cetera St Saint fig figurative metaphorical T transitive verb usage U uncountable noun fml formal US United States of HMS Her or His Majesty s America Ship uss United States Ship humor humorous usu usually I intransitive verb v verb in legal cases i e that is Latin id est Versis See explanation of Labels opposite 82 Symbols used in the Guide O La bels indicates an item with its TM registered trade mark own entry See entry at which means derivative s section of an separates examples entry used in the Guide approv disapprov fig fmi humor infml ironic showing that the user feels approval or admiration showing that the user feels disapproval or scorn figurative used before examples
16. Leonard Bernstein b3 nstan AmE b3Instamy labels giving information about usage and geographical restriction see inside front cover 1918 90 a US conductor composer and piano player He wrote several popular musicals The most suc cessful was West Side Story 1957 which became a film in 1961 blood sausage 3 BLACK PUDDING the Borscht Belt bo ft AmE bo t also the H Borscht circuit AmE humor a holiday area in the Catskill Mountains in New York State explanation of uncommon word used in entry Boston baked beans boston AmE bo ston also baked beans n pl in the US white haricot entry phrase word in dark italic type indicating a title beans baked with pork and brown sugar or molasses a dark sweet thick liquid obtained from sugar The Brains Trust a BBC radio programme in the 1940s which became a television programme in the 1950s In it a group of well known intellectuals dis cussed a wide range of topics H baroque adj in a highly decorated style of art that H of Manhattan 1 Island New York opposite the H part of speech where appropriate see inside front cover indicates numbered part of entry referred to Ib3 nstam 1922 a US composer especially of Key vocabulary highlighted in dark type indicates date of birth of a living person dummy
17. 00000000 Oxford University Press 20000000 000000000 000000 TOEIC OO D D 0 Oxford Guide British and American Culture Oxford University Press 1999 fifth impression 2004 D Dau 000 DU Oxford University Press HHHHHHHHHHHHH DUDU HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH Tel 03 3459 6481 HHHH HHHHHHH ALC Press Inc ga HH u 0000 000 0000000 OO ARO 200 ALC Press Inc OO HH g0 0000 HHHHH John Hessian Armand Suarez 000 000 6 HHHHH HHHH 000 Tel 03 3327 1101 TOEIC is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Group ETS This product is not endorsed or approved by ETS or The Chauncey Group International Ltd The TOEIC is administered by The Chauncey Group International Ltd a subsidiary of Educational Testing Service HHHHHHHHH Hidemi MASAMURA 2002 HH HHHH HH HHHHHHHHH 00000000000000 00000 0000 00000 Tel 03 3294 2355 oo 060 O Gakken Co Ltd pego OOOO 00000 Gakken Co Lid OOOO 4000 00000 Bes OOOO Gakken Co Ltd OOOO 4000 00000 Et 29 Bes 0000000 Gakken Co Ltd Ichiro Tatsumi Sky Heather 00000 0000 00000 Tatsumi DHC Corporation 00000000000000 7 060000 HH 0000 0 00000 9 Gakken Co Ltd Hun na kaa pakan ana EDD
18. Co Co 5 e e E E Es 2a ES D HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH a E a Co 3 O O Br m ah lock br mo br m 36 nowt El El E e 1 E oo a El e 1 7 7 COOC a E a E 5 8 com pr ssed black bird f nger print out d ors unu HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 3 eL gt 3 B B 8 B poo 3 2 b km n b kmen M HHHHHHHHH1HH 9 frac to c mulus fr k EE 9 oo es CC j L3 L3 e E e G S c pt ance act ing k nd ness st tessman mon S ndays bab bler com pit er h p pi ness trans mit ter be ginning r d cr st ed p chard p cial ly sp f li JI cette k t r A biginor M HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH hydro therap utics mono mania n o classic Eure 37 x01000000000000000000000000000 oo 00 000000 20000000 000000000000 O O dissass mbleq O O 00 dis assemble er un ki
19. entry referring to main entry elsewhere British and American English pronunciation of proper names see inside back cover Ecsta 55 Bramley breemli also Bramley apple Bram ley s seedling n a type of large ereen apple that is suitable for cooking rather than for eating raw Bramleys are especially popular in Britain information on grammar see inside front cover H the brat pack n usu sing infinl a group of well known or successful young people especially actors who enjoy being famous and sometimes behave badly Tom Cruise was a member of the Hollywood brat pack separate numbered parts of entry when entry phrase word refers to more than one thing the Bridge of Sighs 1 an attractive old bridge over the river Cam in Cambridge England It be longs to St John s College part of Cambridge Univer sity and looks like the famous Bridge of Sighs in Venice 2 a similar bridge between two buildings of Hertford College part of Oxford University the British Ath letic Fede ration the organiza tion that controls British athletics and is responsible for British athletes taking part in international events Compare AAA H variants of entry word phrase the British Board of Film Classification the _ organization that decides which films and videos Cross reference to related entry can be seen by people of different ages in Br
20. reflexive somebody singular something suffix auxiliary verb intransitive verb vocative transitive verb Americanism Briticism Scottish North England Trish Welsh New England Australian New Zealand Anglo Indian Canadian South Africa Carib a a JENE EH a a O a O O O a n LET El Oo a a O O El LEE LE aa Lr LE O O O O ooo r3 EN ET r3 ELE r3 r3 E E q D 05 rara D Ora nn nn a 121121 a Ao Taman O kan n O 25000 O E in f ega a HGE E HELE E ee u ee ee oaaae
21. E HH E r EL E 000 000 000 HHH HHH 000 El Do O z 00 HH HH HH 27 Co Co Co L1 Co Co Co Co a oO on LE Oo 9 Aga ECH 00 e Aga EF ma ENE C3 HHHHHH HHH 20010000 HHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH D o Ooo HH 000 03 3288 2 7711 000000 OOOO 00000 00000000 HHHH HHHH HHH HHHH HHH HHHH 6 HHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000 Tel 03 3763 0511 0000000000 HH D 60 Oxford Advanced Learner s Dictionary Oxford University Press 2000 Oxford University Press HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0 20 Concise Oxford Thesaurus 2e Oxford University Press 2002
22. Fill them lin But the speaker will put a strong stress on any other important word if it comes later than the verb The stress on the second word of the verb is then weakened or lost especially if it would otherwise be next to the other strong stress This happens whether the important word which receives the strong stress is between the two parts of the phrasal verb or after both of them We came back learly I filled in a form Fill this form in If more than one stress pattern is possible or the stress depends on the context no stress is shown Stress in idioms Idioms are shown in the dictionary with at least one main stress unless more than one stress pattern is possible or the stress depends on the context The learner should not change the position of this stress when speaking or the special meaning of the idiom may be lost Tapping of t In American English if a t sound is between two vowels and the second vowel is not stressed the t can be pronounced very quickly and made voiced so that it is like a brief d or the r sound of certain languages Technically the sound is a tap and can be symbolised by t So Americans can pronounce potato as polteitou tapping the second t in the word but not the first because of the stress British speakers don t generally do this The conditions for tapping also arise very frequently when words are put together as in not only what etc In t
23. GALLAHER AENA Fac ODER DT _ ve HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH 15 HHHHHUHHHHL HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH ambi u HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH Tis vs u Gira 2 up mu HH me ood ELE ET 0010 Dao poo rrr GE SERERE dao Boo ET pag al Al E3 E3 16 HHHHHHHHHHL 000000000800000000000000000000 0000000800090000000 eet EEN CEO US _ Josa va HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000009000000000000000000000000000 000000000000000000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHUHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH DD 0000000 0000000000000000000000
24. not used before a noun only before n of adjectives only used before a noun usu before n of adjectives or nouns usually used before a noun Verb types I intransitive T transitive 84 entry word phrase in dark type was fashionable in Europe in the 17th and early 18th centuries after developing in Italy Examples of the British baroque style include buildings designed by the architects Wren and Vanbrugh and the music of Purcell and Handel derivatives section with special symbol baroque often the baroque n U the baroque style or baroque art 0 Battery Park b t ri a park at the southern end indicates an item with its own entry Statue of Liberty Boats take tourists etc from the park to the statue Ellis Island and Staten Island beer In Britain beer is the most popular alcoholic drink which is drunk in pubs Many people drink bitter special note a brown coloured beer It is sold on draught if it is drawn for each customer from a large container raised numbers distinguish separate entries for people places etc with the same name usually a keg or barrel or bottled if it has been put in small bottles at a factory Elmer Bernstein elmo b3Instam AmE elmor music for films His successes include The Magnifi cent Seven 1960 To Kill A Mockingbird 1962 and The Age of Innocence 1993
25. 00 00000 D 20 gt D 50 00000 1000000 4 D0 uuu D a EX 51 oor oor oor r3 53 21 al oor g oi 1 cit 1 ol ot go ol 1 Dt or 1 21701 r3 or 1 oO 1 Oo 8 e El a LL m a LL m L3 r3 oo mn mad LL m ooo xx L3 oo E oox H or eile Soe A oo 0 H o0 1 Oooo Ent ng oo 000 or ow E ol So era CH Co lt E 80 58 D 20 ET El El lt oo D 0000 kwi D D L3 OOOO caHHH OOOO 400 0900000000000000 0300000000000000 gt 00000000000 0000000000000 00000000000 0400000000000000 RS ees mde ns DOOD HHHHHHHHH ss nina car Rr le A 0000000000000 go gt 00 00
26. 00 gt 0 0S00000000000000 gt 00 gt 00 gt 00 gt 000 00000 0000000 HH HH HH HH 00000000000 10 00 08000 00000000000 n 0000000000000 0 gt 00 gt 00 gt 00 gt 00 0000 0000000 0000000 ket UUD 00000 090000 4 HHHHHHHHHHH SE T T HU 0000 40000 ao 0100000000000000 ora aa pogo HHHHHH OOOO kjlHHHHHH e uc kk aka e Ee HHHHH mlHHHHHH TE Men Mon a utt a Ser SUE UU UU UD D IEEE LILIT L3 COLES L3 c L3 c CEE EE 111 L3 L3 1 L3 L3 rr 000 111 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 rrr pages ges 111 L3 L3 L3 L3 rrr ETS L3 L3 OOOO L3 rrr 000 LES 6 1 ZE O L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 OOOO OOO L3 L3 OO L3 L3 OOO L3 L3 L3 L3 111 L3 L3 1 1 OOO L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 1 OOo L3 L3 OOO 111 1 OOOO L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 L3 OOOO L3 L3 L3 L3 OOO III UU 1 1
27. DE AMI 00000000000000 0000 DHCHHHHH HHHHH Tel 03 3585 1581 HHHH HHHHH 00000 Tel 03 3726 8370 0000000007 Kodansha International Lid and Translation Services Inc 0000000000 00000 HH 000 000000000 JTB 000002000 un 000000000 la 2000000000 e00000000000000 100 0 0 00000 20010 50 10 HHH 0000000000000 HH JTBHHHHH 02000 000000000000 Tel 03 3944 6493 00000000000000 00000 JIBHDDDD Tel 03 5796 5516 30 0 200000000 0000000 0000000 00000 O Sanshusha Publishing Co Ltd O Sanshusha Publishing Co Ltd HHHHH 0000000 HHHHH 0000 000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHI O Sanshusha Publishing Co Ltd Sanshusha Publishing Co Ltd 00000 0000000 000008 0000 000 e 00000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 00000 O Sanshusha Publishing Co Ltd 0000 000 00000000 00000 0000000 Tel 03 3713 0944 31 04000 BBDHBDU D D I DODO 53 ES r a mm S Oo I Cg a 4 I L at a HB 3 n
28. HHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHH sms JA Suti 1 ooo ooo 1 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 23 11 111 1 1 1 060000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHH6HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HH HHHHHHH HHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 5 GEHE ATOMS s EHE FERE Y wa HHHHHHHH HHHHHHH6HHHHHHH ooo oo tr Er El JO oo ma LIE l LT HHHHHHHHHHHHHHH now noo 53 53 53 53 53 LI LT LI r3 r3 EZ a a r3 r3 a El HHHHHHHH ELE HHH EI a a a a aa oy Ooo a HHHHHHHHH Et E Ee 24 D 8 z t HHHHHHH
29. HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH D D 0 instead of OO 0000000 1 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH2HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH BA 9batting averagel batting average lady OE hle fdige loaf kneadef hla f bread to knead cf DOUGH cf LORD 47 a ado attrib comb form compd conj derog dial dim euph fem fig freq imit impv int inter iron joc masc j a jan oes ass mam jum an A nara ome EZ FT 00 EICH ES EE adjective adverb attributive combining form compound conjunction derogatory dialect diminutive euphemism feminine figurative frequentative imitative imperative interjection interrogative ironical jocular masculine noun poetical archaic obsolete colloquial informal literary slang school slang sailors slang rhyming slang vulgar taboo rare nursery ialectal 0050000000 G EET mes G o r3 r3 r3 neg obj pass pl boss bb pred pref prep pres p pron rflx sb sg sth v auxil Lada IEJ E eE negative objective past passive plural possesive past participle redicative prefix preposition resent participle pronoun
30. and u The sounds represented by i and 1 must always be made different as in heat hi t compared with hit hit The symbol i represents a vowel that can be sounded as either i or 1 or as a sound which is a compromise between them In a word such as happy heepi younger speakers use a quality more like i but short in duration When i is followed by a the sequence can also be pronounced ja So the word dubious can be dju bios or dju bjas In the same way the two vowels represented u and 0 must be kept distinct but u represents a weak vowel that varies between them If u is followed directly by a consonant sound it can also be pronounced as o So stimulate can be stimjuleit or stimjolert EA 75 Weak forms and strong forms Certain very common words for example at and for can have two pronunciations We give the usual weak pronunciation first The second pronunciation strong must be used if the word is stressed and also generally when the word is at the end of a sentence For example I m waiting for fo r a bus What are you waiting for fo r Stress The mark shows the main stress in a word Compare able erbl stressed on the first syllable with ability o biloti stressed on the second A stressed syllable is relatively loud long in duration said clearly and distinctly and made noticeable by the pitch of the voice Longer words may have
31. at all literary language is used mainly in literature and imaginative writing for example aflame halcyon serpentine offensive expressions are used by some people to address or refer to people in a way that is very insulting especially in connection with their race religion sex or disabilities for example mulatto slut cretin They should be avoided rare words exist in English but are not commonly used Sometimes there is a more frequent form of the word that is usually used instead For example illumine means the same as illuminate but is much less frequent slang is very informal language mainly used in speaking and sometimes restricted to a particular group of people for example people of the same age or those who have similar interests or do the same job Examples are dosh and dweeb spoken expressions are used mainly in informal conversations for example Give me a break or Don t ask technical language is used by people who specialize in a particular subject area written expressions are used mainly in written language for example groundswell hotfoot vis vis A Taboo words are likely to be thought by many people to be obscene or shocking and you should avoid using them Examples are bloody and shit The following labels show other restrictions on the use of words AmE describes expressions spellings and pronunciations used in American English and not in British English for example blea
32. done and the knowledge you have gained an experience C is something that has happened to you For example cosmopolitan means having or showing wide experience of people and things Conversion is the process or experience of changing your religion Things happen repeatedly several times one after the other continuously without stopping occasionally or rarely not very often 71 Describing situations A matter C is a subject or situation that you must consider or deal with For example a Case is a matter that is being officially investigated State and condition are both used to describe how something or somebody looks or is physically or mentally A medical condition is a particular health problem that somebody has A situation that exists or a habit or practice that somebody has can be described as the fact of or the practice of For example gender is the fact of being male or female Describing ideas A strong opinion can be called a belief A set of beliefs can be a theory about a particular subject Some actions are the expression of particular ideas A set of beliefs and practices can make a whole system especially a political or economic system such as capitalism 72 1040 form ten fo ti form AmE fo rti fo rm noun in the US an official document in which you give details of the amount of money that you have earned so that the government can calculate how much
33. it o What a relief 2 U from of sth the act of removing or reducing pain anxiety etc modern methods of pain relief o the relief of misery poverty suffering HELP 3 U food money medicine etc that is given to help people in places where there has been a war or nat ural disaster famine relief o a relief agency organiza tion worker 4 U especially AmE financial help given by the government to people who need it KON TAX 5 U TAX RELIEF relief on mortgage interest payments KSTH DIFFERENT 6 U sing from sth something that is interesting or enjoyable that replaces sth boring diffi cult or unpleasant for a short period of time a few moments of light relief in an otherwise dull performance o There was little comic relief in his speech The calm of the countryside came as a welcome relief from the hustle and bustle of city lif WORKERS 7 C sing pl v often used as an adjective a person or group of people that replaces another when they have finished working for the day or when they are sick The next crew relief comes on duty at 9 o clock o relief drivers of the entry and just reading the short cuts you can 67 Using the word The entries in this dictionary contain a lot more than just the meanings of words They show you how to use the word in your own speaking and writing pronunciation with American pronunciation where it is different Stress marks show stress on compounds
34. lt ONY 2 345 090 01 1 BBCB Dictionary uu HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ASS HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH OO 0 O PROM BeB Dictiona 1 8 00000000 L3 L3 C3 r3 L3 r3 Bu Bu Bu MEMORY STICK Tu BBEB D013S 2004 Sony Engineering Corporation NES E C E UL p00000000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 8800 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 00000000000 y HHHHHHHHHHH 00000000000 UUDUDDDDDDDDD m en s 4HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 000000000 A D HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000000000 HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH e HHHHHHHHH 0000000 0000000000 SE HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 000000000000 5 0000000000 200000000000 HHHBHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HH HHHHHHHHHH
35. one or more secondary stresses coming before the main stress These are marked with as in abbreviation o bri vilerfn agricultural zegri kaltforol They feel ats in a rhythm leading up to the Weak stresses coming after the main stress in a word can sometimes be heard but they are not marked in this dictionary When two words are put together in a phrase the main stress in the first word may shift to the place of the secondary stress to avoid a clash between two stressed syllables next to each other For instance after noon has the main stress on noon but in the phrase Afternoon tea the stress on noon is missing Well known has the main stress on known but in the phrase well known actor the stress on known is missing 76 Stress in phrasal verbs One type of phrasal verb has a single strong stress on the first word Examples are come to sth go for sb look at Sth This stress pattern is kept in all situations and the second word is never stressed If the second word is one which normally appears in a weak form remember that the strong form must be used at the end of a phrase Another type of phrasal verb is shown with two stresses The pattern shown in the dictionary with the main stress on the second word is the one which is used when the verb is said on its own or when the verb as a whole is the last important word in a phrase What time are you coming back He made it up
36. tax you have to pay 12 twelv noun in Britain a label that is given to a film movie to show that it can be watched legally only by people who are at least twelve years old a film movie that has this label 1 can take the kids too it s a 12 15 fif ltirn noun in Britain a label that is given to a film movie to show that it can be watched legally only by people who are at least fifteen years old a film movie that has this label 18 exltirm noun in Britain a label that is given to a film movie to show that it can be watched legally only by people who are at least eighteen years old a film movie that has this label 18 wheeler jerti n wi lo r noun AmE a very large truck with nine wheels on each side 20 20 vision jtwenti twenti lvizn noun the ability to see perfectly without using glasses or CONTACT LENSES 2 1 jtu lwan noun the upper level of the second highest standard of degree given by a British or an Australian university got a 2 1 2 2 tu ltu noun the lower level of the second highest standard of degree given by a British or an Australian university 24 hour clock twenti Ger 805 krpk AmE ao r kla k noun the system of using twenty four numbers to talk about the hours of the day instead of dividing it into two units of twelve hours 24 7 twenti fo lseven AmE fo r adv informal twenty four hours a day seven days a week used to mean all the time She s with me all the t
37. ten ten cat kaet a father fa o r D got gpt British English 3 saw so D put put u actual laktfuol u too tu cup kAp 3 fur f3 r o about slbaot er say ser 90 go goO British English go goU American English ar my mar ar boy bo1 a now nau 19 near nio r British English eo hair heo r British English Uo pure pjUo r British English Many British speakers use o instead of the diphthong 09 especially in common words so that Sure becomes Jo r etc The sound p does not occur in American English and words which have this vowel in British pronunciation will instead have a or o in American English For instance got is gpt in British English but ga t in American English while dog is British dpg American do g The three diphthongs ro eo va are found only in British English In corresponding places American English has a simple vowel followed by r so near is nir hair is her and pure is pjor Nasalized vowels marked with may be retained in certain words taken from French as in penchant p5 5 coq au vin kok oo v amp Syllabic consonants The sounds 1 and n can often be syllabic that is they can form a syllable by themselves without a vowel There is a syllabic 1 in the usual pronunciation of middle midl and a syllabic n in sudden sAdn Weak vowels i
38. word from which they are derived the root word They are given in the same entry as the root word in a specially marked section dif fi dent difidont adj about sth not having much confidence in yourself not wanting to talk about yourself The triangle shows SYN sHY a diffident manner smile o He was modest and where the derivatives diffident about his own success dif fi dence dans section begins noun U She overcame her natural diffidence and spoke with great frankness dif fi dent ly adv 66 Finding the meaning Some words have a lot of possible meanings and the entries for them can be very long It 1s not usually necessary to read the whole entry from the beginning if you already know something about the context or general meaning you are looking for Meanings that are closely related to each other share the same short cut Short cuts show the general meaning or context of each meaning By looking down the left hand side quickly find the meaning you want re lief rr lif noun REMOVAL OF ANXIETY PAIN 1 U sing the feeling of hap piness that you have when sth unpleasant stops or does not happen a sense of relief We all breathed a sigh of relief when he left o She sighed with relief o Much to my relief the car was not damaged o News of their safety came as a great relief o It was a relief tp be able to talk to someone about
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42. 09008000008008008008008 Snnnnnn 000 000000 000000000000 0320000 000000 0000000000000000 11 111 1 1 1 1 0000000000 000000000 000000000000 a a a ANT suum 53 27 Es FEEDER OX o DAA ETE _ Joss vs HHHHHHH 0000 HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000000000000000000000000000800000 0000000 11000000 0000000000000000 000000 0000000000 pando o CECI Q CQ CECI D D ED 00000000000 0000000 o000000000000000000000000000000000 Co ooo 000000000 S7000000000000000000000000 10 HHHHHHHHHL 111 UU 0000000000 0000000000000 0000000 HH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH OXFORD RRR Oxford Advanced Li aru E Oxford Univer sity Press 2000 E 000000 40000 nen 0000 PU NAD aa Tt EN 200000000000 DDDDDDDD1 Kee ER p 000000000000000 11 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHL 1 1 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH AX Concise Oxford Thesaurus Concise O
43. C a part of a port where ships are repaired or where goods are put onto or taken off them dock workers information on different types of noun o a dock strike o The ship was in dock see also DRY DOCK 2 docks pl a group of docks in a port and the ildings around them that are used for repairing ships storing goods ete C AmE JETTY 4 C AmE a common phrase in bold type in example with extra explanation in brackets raised platform for loading vehicles or trains 5 C the part of a court of law where the person who has been accused of a crime stands or sits during a trial He s been in the dock on trial for a crime several times already U a wild plant of Northern Europe with large thick word not in the defining vocabulary leaves that can be rubbed on skin that has been stung by NETTLES to make it less painful dock leaves hearty ha ti Amz harrti adj noun comparatives and superlatives of adjectives given m adj heart ier hearti est 1 usually before noun showing friendly feeli r sb a hearty greeting recep tion sometimes disapproving loud cheerful and full of energy a hearty and boisterous fellow o a information on usage of adjectives hearty voice handshake 3 only before noun of a meal or sb s APPETITE large making you feel full a hearty breakfast o to have a hearty appetite 4 usually before 68 nou
44. E Northern English v verb Symbols used in the dictionary replaces the headword of an entry A taboo see Labels below shows new part of speech in an entry DD idiom s section of an entry gt derivative s section of an entry PHR V phrasal verb s section of an entry Labels used in the dictionary The following labels are used with words that express a particular attitude or are appropriate in a particular situation 61 approving expressions show that you feel approval or admiration for example dispassionate feisty petite disapproving expressions show that you feel disapproval or contempt for example blinkered faceless jumped up figurative language is language that is used in a non literal or metaphorical way as in He didn t want to cast a shadow on spoil their happiness formal expressions are usually only used in serious or official language and would not be appropriate in normal everyday conversation Examples are admonish juncture withhold humorous expressions are intended to be funny for example impecunious warpaint and not a dry eye in the house informal expressions are used between friends or in a relaxed or unofficial situation They are not appropriate for formal situations Examples are dodgy party pooper zap ironic language uses words to mean the opposite or something very different from the meaning they seem to have as in You re a great help I must say no help
45. HHHHH 0000 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 EE REED eek 21 A A bh nagka aaa Ee HIEL HLH OOOO gt D inuito t 19111 111111 DDR eect ia HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH seess HHHHHHHH AAA A NA nana i VE RESET E ww o EE EET e Ed uo er a S u aun ma at eta OOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOO DO oiis TOEIC HHHHHHHHHHHHH1200HHH 22 TE BNW a YA A us Aa KNA ee 23 a 08 24 EE prop E DE P EE DE E ceto t e etit 25 BEES A Welt A Da paeem os 26 m r 0000 0 0 DDD ess 27 kanes UE 28 HEET 32 eph ORC MDA DA ba Wen aaa da 57 HHIHHHHHHHH CA s 61 ODDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD ee 78 HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ee 82 BOE FO OE BBB ETE EE ET os ne 91 HHHHHHHHHHHHH6HHHHHHHH see 93 HHHHHUHHHHL 00000 HHHHHHHHH ROM HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHIHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ooo oo 00000 000020 00000000060 00000000 000000 00000000 0000000000000 000000 HHHHHH HHHHHHH Oxford University Press Hd 0000000000 ne JTB HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 0000000000 0 00 020 0000 0000000000000 DHC 0000000000 000000000000 ooo 0
46. HHHHHHH TE anm HE A Emos va BE 00000000000000000000000 000 OO noo EE EE nog a nog HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH oO oO HHHH HHHHHH D HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH D OO HHHHHHHHHHHHH EE EE oo 21 TOEIC 00000000000 OO 12000 00 TOEICHHHHHHHHHHHHHH1200HHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH HHHHH HHHHH HHHHH HHHHH HHHHH HHHHH HHHHH HHHHH 22 DO HHHHHHHHHH 1200 FETS TOEIC Ka 000000000000 L3 g ooo ooo HHH 000000000000 000000000000 UOEIO AMES ve HH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH 11 111 1 1 111 u HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH E Lae STE enee ve HHH D 000 0000000000000 0 0000000000 noo noo r3 r3 EJ a D
47. a er ng est ng D DO DU DU bc LI LI OD OO Ha 0000 ET EL EEA po rrr D 00 m s HL lt gt PP D D H D TT the T a HH D HH H D BD el L3 pror a UU Mood LITT II lt sg pl gt predi 0 1 B gt OO mA spp HHH HHHHH 23 HH HHHH 00 M sm OOOO D 1 0 lt sg gt l M A Pass Eure 39 EX E ci oO oo oO H Oo EI woo ooo Seo Ci 1 IC oo EY 2 sel Ta E Doc 200 p4 a agog S SE JO c 3 2 S u a HO IC 1A El EEG a oo EXE El ogo SE lo Ag oOo El lt a O oo a E a a oo d a T 3 Lt r3 E 53 53 oO L3 r4 a
48. a El Og 1 ETI r3 lu L3 oO Im oo O El O oO Oo oO 3 JO E l 4 CH H a 16 of L3 r3 oO H oOo a eo oo E cl El a I I a 5 1 E pg a LI oo I ec EE joo sz Di JL EI D 1 3 CH oot Ogg 8 BOI BOI I BOI Zo Oot I BOI E3 E3 Oot I BOI oo o Ol Co e tO LO LO 40 56 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH QoQ D chat acquaint act that howl capable a1a 0 0 00000000000000 O for 2b 00 00 1 0 0 AMD familiarity 11111010101000100000000 O with DO via 00000000000000 out 0000 00000 witha mine Ji ss 5 7 0 0 DU synonymHH D HH o uuu HH 5 8 HH 00000 Mom 59 DOO O0000 00 200000000000 BE SOMEONE TWENTY THREE ec TT 200 000000000 HHHHHHHHH ARMY BEAUFORT SCALE METER TYPE etc x Dau Sall 000 a 41 v 00000
49. all fall saw a ask branch ow Order cord more b bed rubber cab or oil coin boy d desk rudder good p pay upper cup Iech gem adjective judge r rain sorry this other bathe s cent fussy kiss 6 g end bell ship station fish er aim name may t top better tent eor eer air care heir prayer Aj chair pitcher match there 0 think pithy both a ability silent lemon v good upon banana u mutual sensuous or butter actor ui ooze food too ow earn bird stir var poor tour courage hurry nourish v vine cover love 9 fox offer if A up blood 1 g gum beggar big w way h house behind z zoo busy lose ink sit city 3 measure rouge i easy curious eat seat see tar ear beard hear VA 0000000 f yes vu 0 k call lucky desk 3 4 0 0 008 leg melon call 1 x0100000000000 st j e n st if n st ifn h w n hw n w n 020 0000000000000000000 b t1 b tl 53 y HHHH 0000000008 6 6 O O ask sk w lfare st
50. ate 0 welfare state OO 0 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ol 5 HHH D 50 ar ear er ar or wr ow u r OOO HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 7 HHHHH IIHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 9 00 00 recolored vowel 0000000000 DH 0 0 foo 0000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH DUDU uen d 000000000 000000 0000 1 00 1 02 30 HH7HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH2 10 2 11H aaa ANAN A AN A B rger Lun vil 0 00000 4 x Bach Joch 000000000 HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH PsychologiW y ennui nuit blanch y OOOO D ntu few NeuchateHHHHHHH e m Bourgo HHHHHH c jeunesse euf w ee 0000000 0 HHHHHH poo pens e 5884 00000 a 0 phew 00000000000 g Maintenon vin rosd OOO e O 2 ub oh 24200 0000000 5 bonsoir gar o DO 000 9 0 000000 000000 amp chacun son go t HHHHHH me ben mmQ 00000 m D c Brecht nicht wahf HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 54 aa ea aaa abil i ty ob loti able ab a l ably obli adel phous od lfos ag
51. chers blindside blooper BrE describes expressions used in British English and not in American English 62 for example jumble sale agony aunt chinwag dialect describes expressions that are mainly used in particular regions of the British Isles not including Scotland or Ireland for example beck nowt old fashioned expressions are passing out of current use for example balderdash beanfeast blithering old use describes expressions that are no longer in current use for example ere hearken perchance saying describes a well known fixed or traditional phrase such as a proverb that is used to make a comment give advice etc for example actions speak louder than words and it s all Greek to Intransitive verbs V verb used alone A large dog appeared V adv prep verb adverb or prepositional phrase A group of swans floated by Transitive verbs VN verb noun phrase Jill s behaviour annoyed me VN adv prep verb noun phrase adverb or prepositional phrase He kicked the ball into the net Transitive verbs two objects VNN verb noun phrase noun phrase I gave Sue a book for Christmas TM shows registered trademarks that belong to manufacturing companies even though the expressions may be commonly used in speech and writing for example Band Aid Frisbee Vegeburger Linking verbs V ADJ verb adjective His voice sounds hoarse V N verb noun phrase Elena beca
52. ct speakers do not make a sequence of two sounds They put their tongues into position for the r throughout the vowel producing an r coloured vowel Examples are words such as fur and bird A similar thing happens to o when this is followed by r as in the second syllable of paper The diphthong of go sounds different in the two varieties It is shown as 90 in British English and 0 in American English In American English the sound of A is hardly different from o so cup kap sounds as if it is Kop When the sound r follows A in British pronunciation as in hurrry hari American English has its r coloured vowel shown as h3tri The three diphthongs re eo Va are found only in British English In corresponding places American English has a simple vowel followed by r so near is nir hair is her and pure is pjUr The British change from 09 to o which affects words like pure does not apply in American English 90 HHHH HHHHHHHHHHL 0000 a b a oo lt oo so c 2 orn a H a ono oo oo oo oo oo OCH Qo vo
53. e 1d3 al 9 l an on ance 9 ns an cy o nsi an drous amp ndros ant o nt earch rk archy rki ard ord ary ri ori ori as ter amp stor amp s ate ot ert a tion if o n biront b rant bi o sis bar usos bi pl ses si z blast bleest bl st blas tic bleestik carp kd rp carpic k rpik car pous k rpos car py k rpi cene si n cen tric s ntrik ce phal ic sot lik ke ceph a lous s folos ceph a ly s foli cer cal s rk 9 l chore k3 r chrome kr um ci dal sard1 cide said cli nal klAm1 cline kl m clinous kl mos coc cus k kos coel si l coele 81 1 cot yl k t o crat kraet crat ic kreetik cy si cyst sist cyte s it dac ty lous d amp ktolos dac ty ly d ktoli den dron d ndron derm HHHHHHHHHHHHHH d rm der ma d3 rmo der mic d5 rmik der mis d rmos dom dom drome dr um ean ion ec to my ktomi ed od d t ee i eer or en o n ence o ns en cy o nsi ent o nt er or ern orn ery a ri es oz IZ z S ese i z i s ess os Is s est Jost 181 eth 0 10 fa cient f rf o nt fac tion feekI G n fac tive feektrv fest f st flo rous fl5 ros fold fould form f3 rm fuge fj dz ful ful f 9 l gam ic geemik gernetic dzon tik
54. elf C D HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH DO QQ master n make oneself of 0000 000 HHHHHH He made himself of 0 0 0 O sbHHH sthHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH bag n giv leave sb the to hold OOO D D D D Jack gave her the to hold OOO 43 VH OO 7 1 7 3 7 4 l Lr c DI D 0 0000000000000000000000 e BALA 1000 0 turbari MF Turk Pers cf ruum 0000000000000000 400000 antsy cf have ANTS in one s pants I 0000 O tagf C18 nasty ME lt det Du nestig dirty banan Sp or Port lt Guinea T vu HHHHHH 8 1 DD al 44 N EEE Oho Rw Dog 000000000000 gt 1 60 2 40 5 80 Am 000000 INTI HHHHHHHHH HH gt 5 7 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH O10 0000 020 000008000000 4 HHHHHHHHHHHH am 010 00 0 570 020 000 000000000 nlad a e E 3 Ka 5 5 3 SS
55. f a river picture at Boar 2 BrE informal a bet The investment is little more than a punt 3 in rugby or American football a long kick made after dropping the ball from your hands m verb 1 to travel in a punt especially for pleasure V We spent the day punting on the river o to go punting also VN 2 VN to kick a ball hard so that it goes a long ay sometimes after it has dropped from your hands and before it reaches the ground punt 7pont noun the unit of money in the Republic of Ireland to be replaced by the euro see also PUNT Ecsta 65 Different pronunciation is given at each headword There are also some words in English that have more than one possible spelling or form when both spellings or forms are acceptable Information about these words is given at the most freguent spelling or form The variant spelling is ban is ter also ban nis ter b nist r noun BrE given in brackets also ban is ters pl the posts and rail at the side of a staircase to hold on to the banister banisters At the entry for the less frequent spelling a cross reference directs you to the main entry ban nis ter BANISTER American English variants and irregular forms of verbs are treated in the same way Some words that are derivatives of other more frequent words do not have their own entry in the dictionary because they can be easily understood from the meaning of the
56. f the entry word For example at prosperous the first core synonym given is thriving followed by a group of words closely related to that aspect of its meaning such as flourishing and successful Then after a semicolon a second core synonym affluent is given with an allied group of synonyms such as wealthy and rich 78 Guidance on the use of synonyms Most of the synonyms given are part of standard English but some are suitable only in certain contexts These are grouped at the end of their synonym set and given the following labels informal e g swig dodgy the kind of vocabulary normally only used in informal speech or writing formal e g perquisite adjure normally only used in writing in contexts such as official documents technical e g occlusion admixture Words used in specific specialist fields are labelled Medicine Nautical etc poetic literary e g forsake plenteous normally only found in poetry or literature dated e g toodle oo rotter no longer used by the majority of English speakers but still encountered especially among the older generation historical e g serfdom ballista still used today but only to refer to some practice or article that is no longer part of the modern world humorous e g retail therapy transmogrify normally used with humorous intent archaic e g bootless in sooth very old fashioned language not used today except for effect rare e
57. g funambulist reprehend not in normal use today or in previous times Synonyms are also labelled if they are used exclusively or mainly in the English spoken in a particular part of the world namely British abbreviated to Brit North American N Amer United States US Canadian Australian Austral New Zealand NZ South African S Afr or West Indian W Ind Note on trademarks and proprietary status This thesaurus includes some words which have or are asserted to have proprietary status as trademarks or otherwise Their inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposes a non proprietary or general significance nor any other judgement concerning their legal status In cases where the editorial staff have some evidence that a word has proprietary status this is indicated by the label trademark but no judgement concerning the legal status of such words is made or implied thereby 79 Major features part of speech of the entry word form of the entry word for which the following synonym s can be substituted assign gt verb a young doctor was assigned the task ALLOCATE allot give set charge with en trust with O she was assigned to a new post APPOINT promote delegate commission post _ co opt select for choose for install in Military de tail weassign large sums of money to travel budgets EARMARK designate set aside reserve appropri ate allo
58. genic dz n k dsf nrk glot gl t gon g n gon gon grade grerd gram gr em graph greef gra f graphric er fik graph i cal er efik o 1 he dral h drol h d he dron h dron h d pl s dra dro hip pus h pos hood hud ian ion ibility ob loti ible ob o l ibly obli ic ik ical 1k o l ing 19 ish 1 ism iz o m ist Ist ite rt ive 1v iza tion oz rf o n r ize iz EE 55 oz 56 less los let lot like lark li ness lmos ling Im lite lart lith li0 lithric l rk ly li i lyte lart marnia m mio nja ment mont mer mor mere mior m er ism moriz o m metric m trik met ri cal m trik o m etry motri mo bile moubi l mo morph m3 yf morphic m rfik mor phism m rfiz o m mor phossis m rfosos pl ses si z mor phous m r os mor phy m rfi most moust most my cete m irsi t my cin mais o n ness nos o dont od nt oid 31d or or os to sis ast usos pl ses s z es ous os path p amp 0 path ic peebik ped p d pede pi d phage f 1d3 f 3 pha gia ferdzio phane f 1n phil fil phile f il philia f lio philic f lik phobe foub pho bia f ubio pho bic f ubik phone foun phore f5 r phorressis fori sos pl ses
59. his case it doesn t matter whether the following vowel is stressed or not and even British speakers can use taps in this situation though they sound rather casual The glottal stop In both British and American varieties of English a t which comes at the end of a word or syllable can often be pronounced as a glottal stop gt a silent gap produced by holding one s breath briefly instead of a t For this to happen the next sound must not be a vowel or a syllabic 1 So football can be fo bo l instead of futbo l and button can be bAon instead of batn But a glottal stop would not be used for the t sounds in bottle or better because of the sounds which come afterwards 77 HHHHHUHHHHUHHHL HHHHHL Arrangement of synonyms The synonyms in each entry are grouped in numbered synonym sets Major synonym sets correspond roughly to different senses of the word in a dictionary and many sets contain finer distinctions which are signalled by semicolons The synonyms in each set that are closest in meaning to the entry word are given first usually starting with a core synonym in SMALL CAPITALS Some synonym sets have more than one core synonym if two synonyms are very close to the entry word but neither covers the whole sense for example at audience both spectators and listeners are given as core synonyms Two different core synonyms may also emphasize slightly different aspects of the meaning o
60. id broad narrow Other features of the object might be mentioned 70 appearance simple plain complicated decorative rough smooth pointed colour dark light pale bright coloured colourless According to its function the object might be a container device instrument machine mechanism or tool It might be made of fabric or cloth including cotton wool fur silk metal including iron steel gold silver or glass Material is a general word that means anything that something is made of For example a cushion is a fabric bag filled with soft material and adobe is mud that is used as a building material Matter U is any substance that physically exists used especially when defining more technical words For example a technical meaning of suspension is a liquid with very small pieces of solid matter floating in it A substance may be liquid or solid or it may be a gas REMEMBER a vehicle could be a car lorry truck van or train An aircraft could be a plane or a helicopter Describing food Food and drink are described as bitter sweet salty sour or spicy An amount of a food prepared in a particular way and served at a meal is called a dish Describing people People or human beings are male or female adults or children They their behaviour or their attitude could be friendly bad tempered aggressive honest dishonest sincere calm anxious nervous pleasan
61. ime 24 7 3 D also three D 0ri di noun U the quality of having or appearing to have length width and depth These glasses allow you to see the film in 3 D 35mm 63 tifarv Imilimi to r AmE j03 rti noun the size of film that is usually used in cameras for taking photographs and making films movies 4x4 fo bar fo AmE jfo r bar fo r noun a vehicle with a system in which power is applied to all four wheels making it easier to control 911 nam wan IwAn the telephone number used in the US to call the police fire or ambulance services in an emergency AmE Call 911 99 namtilnam noun BrE an ice cream in a cone with a stick of chocolate in the top 999 nain nam Inam the telephone number used in Britain to call the police fire or ambulance services in an emergency BrE Dial 999 73 eguals is the same as does not egual is different from is approximately equal to is more than is less than because therefore correct incorrect used to mark important points called an ASTERISK and called an AMPERSAND BrE HASH AmE POUND SIGN the symbol used for example on telephones and in addresses in the US DITTO the same word as above at 096 O em 9t on an envelope care of You address a letter to a person care of sb else when the place you are sending it to is not their permanent home pound sterling dollar euro copyright information parking male fe
62. indicating non literal or metaphorical usage formal usually used in serious or official especially written language humorous used with the intention of being funny informal used in a relaxed or unofficial context especially in spoken English used to mean the opposite of or something very different from the apparent meaning less frequent becoming less commonly used offensive old fash old use rare sl spoken written used to address or refer to people in a very insulting way old fashioned passing out of current use and seen as dated no longer in current use not often used slang very informal mainly used in speech and sometimes restricted to a particular group of people used only in spoken English used only in written English 83 Noun and adjective types C countable noun used in singular and plural forms with is are etc must have a determiner in the singular U uncountable noun used in the singular only can be used without a determiner C U noun that can be countable or uncountable sing singular noun agreeing with a singular verb pl plural noun agreeing with a plural verb usu sing countable noun usually singular usu pl countable noun usually plural C sing pl v countable noun used in both singular and plural forms but the singular form may also agree with a plural verb sing sing pl v singular noun used with either a singular or plural verb not before n of adjectives
63. irst names such as John or Jane The British pronunciations given are those of younger speakers of General British which includes RP Received Pronunciation and a range of similar accents which are not strongly regional The American pronuncia tions chosen are also as far as possible the most general not associated with any particular region Many British speakers use o instead of the diphthong U ol especially in common words so that pure becomes pjo r etc r indicates that British pronunciation will have r only if a vowel sound follows directly at the beginning of the next word as in far away otherwise the r is omitted For American English all the r sounds should be pronounced The mark 7 over a vowel indicates a nasal quality Nasalized vowels are often retained in certain words or names taken from French 88 Vowels and diphthongs i i I er 90 al aU 331 9 US see si happy hepi sit s1t ten Aen cat ket father fa da r hot hot BrE saw 53 put pOt actual lektfuol too tu cup kap fur 20 about albaut say Jee go goU BrE go goU AmE five farv now naU boy bov near nto r BrE hair 63 BrE pure pjOe r BrE Syllabic consonants The sounds l and n can often be syllabic that is they can form a syllable by themselves without a vowel When they are syllabic they are a
64. itain See also FILM CERTIFICATE 86 British English s article H example in italic type showing typical usage stress pattern indicated on entry phrase word see inside back cover cross reference to contrasted entry dummy entry referring to special article nearby Pronunciation and phonetic symbols Stress The mark shows a strong primary stress For example in the word Oxford the first syllable has a primary stress and the second syllable is unstressed Unstressed syllables are shown without a mark A stressed syllable is relatively loud long in duration said clearly and distinctly and made noticeable by the pitch of the voice The mark shows a secondary stress which is felt to be weaker than a strong stress nearby For example in Oxford Uni versity there are two stresses but the stress on University seems stronger because that word carries the main change of pitch this will generally be a falling pitch when the phrase is said on its own Many examples with two important words including names of people such as John Brown Jane Austen have the same secondary plus primary stress pattern Sometimes the main stress is not on the last word of a phrase In this case you must look for the last or only primary stressmark earlier in the phrase For example in Oxford Street the main stress pitch change is on Oxford with Street said on a low level
65. lways preceded by a consonant and are often at the end of a word There is a syllabic l in the usual pronunciation of middle midl and a syllabic n in sudden sadn Weak vowels i and u The sounds written i and 1 must always be made different as in heat hi t compared with hit hit But i represents a weak vowel that can be sounded in either way or as a sound which is a compromise between them In a word such as happy hepi younger speakers use a quality more like i but short in duration In the same way the two vowels represented by u and U must be kept distinct but u represents a weak vowel that varies between them If u is followed directly by a consonant sound it can also be pronounced as a So stimulate can be stimjulert or stimjolert Tapping of t In American English if a t sound is between two vowels in a word and the second vowel is not stressed the t can be pronounced very quickly and made voiced so that it is like a brief d or the r sound of many languages Technically the sound is a tap which can be symbolized f or t So Americans can pronounce potato as pa ter t oU tapping the second t in the word but not the first because of the stress British speakers do not generally do this Because t tapping follows this simple rule it is not shown in the pronunciations given in this dictionary The conditions for tapping also arise very fre
66. m exam nerves o He s practising hard for his piano exam Use take do sit an exam not writeanexam The dictionary also contains a lot of information that will help you increase your vocabulary and use the language productively Special symbols show synonyms and opposites stable sterbl adj noun verb m adj 1 firmly fixed notlikely to move change or fail SYN STEADY stable prices employment This ladder doesn t seem very stable The patient s condition is stable it is not getting worse 2 of a person calm and reasonable not easily upset SYN BALANCED Mentally she is not very stable 3 technical of a sub stance staying in the same chemical or ATOMIC state chemically stable OPP UNSTABLE sta bly sterbli adv Cross references refer you to information in other parts of the dictionary Compare refers you to another word with a contrasted meaning See also refers you to another word with a similar or related meaning jam d3em noun verb m noun SWEET FOOD 1 U C a thick sweet substance made by boiling fruit with sugar often sold in JARs and spread on bread strawberry jam o recipes for jams and preserves o BrE a jam doughnut compare JELLY MARMALADE pic ture on page A1 MANY PEOPLE VEHICLES 2 C a situation in which it is difficult or impossible to move because there are so many people or vehicles in one
67. mE tjouz noun pl from Spanish a Mexican dish of crisp pieces of TORTILLA served with eans cheese spices etc nadir neidro r AmE dir noun sing written the entry worst moment of a particular situation the nadir of his career o Company losses reached their nadir in 1992 OPP ZENITH Some headwords can have more than one part of speech headword and all blind fold blamdfovld AmE fould noun verb adj possible parts of speech L adv m noun something that is put over sb s eyes so they cannot see Squares show where m verb VN to cover sb s eyes with a piece of fabric or the information on each other covering so that they cannot see The hostages part of speech begins were tied up and blindfolded m adj adv BrE also blind fold ed BrE AmE with the eyes covered The reporter was taken blindfold to a secret location o I knew the way home blindfold because it was so familiar o I could do that blindfold very easily with no problems There are some words in English that have the same spelling as each other but different pronunciations and completely different meanings The small homonym punt pant noun verb see also PUNT number shows that this m noun a long shallow boat with a flat bottom and is the first of 2 are ends which is moved by pushing the end of a long headwords spelled punt pole against the bottom o
68. male used on the packaging of products to show that they are made from recycled materials that have been used once then treated so that they can be used again or to show that they can be recycled after use Pronunciation and phonetic symbols The British pronunciations given are those of younger speakers of General British This includes RP Received Pronunciation and a range of similar accents which are not strongly regional The American pronunciations chosen are also as far as possible the most general not associated with any particular region If there is a difference between British and American pronunciations of a word the British one is given first with AmE before the American pronunciation Consonants p pen pen s see si b bad bed z zoo zu t tea ti shoe fu d did did s vision lvizn k cat ket hat het g get get m man men 74 chain tfem n now nao jam dgem pn sing sm fall fo 1 leg leg van r red red thin 0m j yes jes this s w wet wet The symbol r indicates that British pronunciation will have r only if a vowel sound follows directly at the beginning of the next word as in far away otherwise the r is omitted For American English all the r sounds should be pronounced x represents a fricative sound as in Inx for Scottish loch Irish lough Vowels and diphthongs i see si i happy I sit srt e
69. me a doctor VN ADJ verb noun phrase adjective She considered herself lucky VN N verb noun phrase noun phrase They elected him president Verbs used with clauses or phrases V that verb that clause V that He said that he would prefer to walk VN that verb noun phrase that clause VN that Can you remind me that I need to buy some milk V wh verb wh clause I wonder what the job will be like VN wh verb noun phrase wh clause I asked him where the hall was 63 V to inf verb to infinitive VN ing verb noun phrase ing The goldfish need to be fed phrase VN to inf verb noun phrase to His comments set me infinitive thinking He was forced to leave the Verbs direct speech V speech verb direct speech It s snowing she said VN speech verb noun phrase direct speech Tom e coming to lunch she told him keys VN inf verb noun phrase infinitive without to Did you hear the phone ring V ing verb ing phrase She never stops talking 64 Finding the word Information in the dictionary is given in entries arranged in alphabetical order of headwords nab nzb verb bb VN informal 1 to catch or arrest sb who is doing sth wrong SYN COLLAR He was nabbed by the police for speeding 2 to take or get sth Who s nabbed my drink headwords nachos nat uz A
70. n showing that you feel strongly about sth He nod ded his head in hearty agreement o Hearty congratula tions to everyone involved o a hearty dislike of sth DINI See HALE lt heartiness noun U verb grammar codes idioms section with special symbol EM phrasal verbs section with special symbol Short notes help you to avoid common errors Build your vocabulary fetch fetj verb 1 especially BrE to go to where sb sth is and bring them it back VN o fetch help a doctor o The inhabitants have to walk a mile to fetch water o She s gone to fetch the kids from school o VNN Could you fetch me my bag 2 VN to be sold for a particular price The painting is expected to fetch 10 000 at auction IBI fetch and carry for sb to do a lot of little jobs for sb as if you were their servant fetch up informal especially BrE to arrive somewhere without planning to And then a few years after leaving college he somehow fetched up in Rome exam 19 zem also formal exam in ation noun a for mal written spoken or practical test especially at School or college to see how much you know about a subject or what you can do fo take an exam o formal to sit an exam o to pass fail an exam o BrE to mark an exam o AmE to grade an exam o an exam paper o I got my exam results today o BrE She did well in her exams o AmE She did well on her exams o A lot of stu dents suffer fro
71. nd label indicating the style of English in which the following synonym s are used unusual exceptional few and far between like gold dust as scarce as hens teeth unaccus tomed unwonted isolated scarce scattered sporadic irregular intermittent informal once in a blue moon dated seldom OPPOSITES COMMON combined synonym group standing for few and few and far between words prefixes or suffixes with meanings that are closely related to the entry word but are not actual synonyms brackets showing that the phrase they contain is one complete synonym lip gt noun O the lip of the crater EDGE rim brim border verge brink informal I ll have no more of your lip INSOLENCE impertinence impudence cheek rudeness audacity effrontery disrespect presumptuousness informal mouth Brit informal sauce backchat RELATED TERMS labial labio m keep a stiff upper lip KEEP CONTROL OF ONE SELF not show emotion appear unaffected infor mal keep one s cool night gt noun night time hours of darkness dark RELATED TERMS nocturnal OPPOSITES day m night and day ALL THE TIME around the clock morning noon and night day in day out ceaselessly endlessly incessantly unceasingly interminably constantly perpetually continu ally relentlessly informal 24 7 label indicating the style of English in which this sense of ip is used 81 1111 11 11
72. nd nesg O 00 un kind ness 2HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 5 O0 000000 O O di amide daremod JI d rom id dar emad mrbu la t ri ly mbjulot o rili ff embjolot roli amp mbjulot o rili I 21200000000000000000000000000000 O O ar che typical tip 1680 time l d l ad work led w llr ad red m nu 31 00000000000000 00 0 p 4800000 3 2 HHH2HHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHH IV HHHH 41 000000 HHHHHH 42 000000 O O thesis 0 sos 4 pl ses si z goose g s 4 pl geese g s deer d or 4 pl s piano pi nou pjaen i pl n os 38 43 2000000000000000 4 4 5 1 5 2 ing O O run r n v ran r n run rumning cut k amp sing sip v sang s amp y l blHHHHHHHHHHHHHH O flip flip vt vi pp pp t v tt tt patted patting r v o l v 1 IL I tr v elled trav el ling pat p travel trav el ing picnic pic nick ing 1 er est OOOO OOOO COOC v c t ting k piknr O D sung s n sung 000000 flipped flip ping 4 8 O tr v eled O O good g d a better b tor best b st big big a bigger biggest vi nick J nick p c nicked more most DD HH HH long 15 p 1G
73. ok of Daniel The Fifth Book of Moses called Deuteronomy Ecclesiastes or the Preacher The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Ephesians Esth Exod Ezek Ezra Gal Gen Hab Hag Heb Hos Isa James The Book of Esther The Second Book of Moses called Exodus The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel Ezra The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Galatians The First Book of Moses called Genesis Habakkuk Haggai The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews Hosea The Book of the Prophet Isaiah The General Epistle of James Et ci Jer Job Joel John 1 John 2 John 3 John Jonah Josh Jude Judges 1 Kings 2 Kings Lam Lev Luke Mal Mark Matt Mic Nah Neh Num Obad 1 Pet 2 Pet Philem Philip Prov Ps Rev 52 The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah The Book of Job Joel The Gospel according to St John The First Epistle General of John The Second Epistle of John The Third Epistle of John Jonah The Book of Joshua The General Epistle of Jude The Book of Judges The First Book of the Kings The Second Book of the Kings The Lamentations of Jeremiah The Third Book of Moses called Leviticus The Gospel according to St Luke Malachi The Gospel according to St Mark The Gospel according to St Matthew Micah Nahum The Book of Nehemiah The Fourth Book of Moses called Numbers Obadiah The First Epistle General of Peter The Second Epistle General of Peter The E
74. panish Swedish Syriac Turkish West Indies Yiddish Shakespeare 0000 Merch V The Merchant of Venice Merry W The Merry Wives of Windsor Mids ND A Midsummer Night s Dream Much Ado Much Ado about Nothing Othello Othello Pericles Pericles Rich II Richard II Rich HI Richard III Romeo Romeo and Juliet Shrew The Taming of the Shrew Sonnets Sonnets Tempest The Tempest Timon Timon of Athens Titus Titus Andronicus Troilus Troilus and Cressida Twel N Twelfth Night Two Gent The Two Gentlemen of Verona Venus Venus and Adonis Winter s The Winter s Tale HHHHAVHHHHHH All s W All s Well That Ends Well Antony Antony and Cleopatra As YL As You Like It Caesar Julius Caesar Corio Coriolanus Cymb Cymbeline Errors The Comedy of Errors Hamlet Hamlet 1HenIV 1 Henry IV 2HenIV 2HenryIV Hen V Henry V 1 Hen VI 1 Henry VI 2 Hen VI 2 Henry VI 3 Hen VI 3 Henry VI Hen VIII Henry VIII John King John Kinsmen The Two Noble Kinsmen Lear King Lear Love sLL Love s Labour s Lost Lucrece The Rape of Lucrece Macbeth Macbeth Measure Measure for Measure Acts The Acts of the Apostles Amos Amos 1 Chron The First Book of the Chronicles 2 Chron The Second Book of the Col 1Cor 2 Cor Dan Deut Eccles Ephes Chronicles The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians The Bo
75. particular place The bus was delayed in a five mile jam o As fans rushed to leave jams formed at all the exits see also TRAFFIC JAM PIU be in a jam informal to be in a difficult situation EM jam to morrow BrE informal good things that are promised for the future but never happen They refused to settle for a promise of jam tomorrow more at Eo co All the definitions in the dictionary are written using a vocabulary of 3000 common words This makes them clear and easy to understand Reading through the following points before you start to use the dictionary will make understanding the definitions even simpler Important The following are used a very large number of times sb somebody someone Sth something etc and other things of the same sort For example if you say that something is used in books newspapers etc you mean that you are also including magazines and journals particular is used to emphasize that you are referring to one individual person thing or type of thing and not others especially is used to give the most common or typical example of something For example the meaning of the verb to train is shown as to prepare yourself for a particular activity especially a sport Describing objects and substances The definition might refer to the shape and or size of an object Make sure that you know what the following words mean round square circular hollow sol
76. pistle of Paul to Philemon The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians The Proverbs The Book of Psalms The Revelation of St John the Divine Rom The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans Ruth The Book of Ruth 1Sam The First Book of Samuel 2Sam The Second Book of Samuel Song of Sol The Song of Solomon 1 Thess The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians 2 Thess The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians 1Tim The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy 2Tim The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy Titus The Epistle of Paul to Titus Zech Zechariah Zeph Zephaniah D O0 Apocrypha Baruch Baruch Bel and Dragon The History of the Destruction of Bel and the Dragon Ecclus The Wisdom of Jesus the Son of Sirach or Ecclesiasticus 1Esd Esdras 2Esd II Esdras Judith Judith 1 Macc The First Book of the Maccabees 2 Macc The Second Book of the Maccabees Pr of Man The Prayer of Manasses Rest of Esther The Rest of the Chapters of the Book of Esther Song of Three Children The Song of the Three Holy Children Susanna The History of Susanna Tobit Tobit Wisd of Sol The Wisdom of Solomon B m m o o D D u U D D ar ice mine sky m man summer aim au out bound cow n note dinner moon a o ox ootton g ink sing a alms father ah oU oU open most show ar art card star 2 a dog orange soft e attic hat o
77. pitch Where they are necessary to show the rhythm secondary stress marks are put after the main stress as in Oxford Movement but they do not affect the position of the main stress again the main stress is on Oxford Longer phrases with more than two important words are generally shown with several primary stresses Here the last one should always be made the main stress For example in Oxford Uni versity Press there are three fairly equal beats in the rhythm but the main fall in pitch should come on Press Consonants p pen pen b bad bed t tea ti d did did k cat ket g get get tf chin dz jam dzem f fall v van ven 0 thn 0 this 0 s se 5 Z zoo zu shoe fu 3 vision vizn h hat het m man m n n now nav sing 8 leg leg r red red j yes jes w wet wet x loch lox Eure 87 Pronunciation Phonetic symbols are used in the dictionary to show pronunciations both British and American for uncommon or difficult words The pronunciations include stress marks which match those shown on the entry words themselves If there is a difference between British and American pronunciations the British one is given first with AmE before the American pronunciation For example Oxford pksfod AmE a ksf6rd Pronunciations are not shown for ordinary common words such as university street movement or for common f
78. quently when words are put together as in not only what I it isn t etc In this case it doesn t matter whether the following vowel is stressed or not and even British speakers can optionally use taps in this situation though they sound rather casual The glottal stop In both British and American varieties of English a t which comes at the end of a word or syllable can often be pronounced as a glottal stop a silent gap produced by holding one s breath briefly instead of a sound made with the tongue For this to happen the next sound must not be a vowel or a syllabic 1 So football can be fO bo l instead of fOtbo l and button can be baon instead of batn But a glottal stop would not be used for the t sounds in bottle or better because of the sounds which come afterwards Some people say they disapprove of glottal stops and try to avoid them but they are an established feature of modern speech 89 Differences between British and American English There are important differences between British and American English mainly in vowel sounds The sound does not occur in American English and words which have this vowel in British pronunciation will instead have a or o in American English For instance hot is hpt in British English but ha t in American English while dog is British dpg American do g The vowel 31 is always shown followed by r in American English In fa
79. si z phyll fil phyl lous filos phyte f it phyt ic f tik pla sia pl rs pl zio plarsy plersi pleesi plasm pleez o m plast plest plastic pl stik nw plas ty pl amp sti ple gia pl dz i o plergy pli dzi ploid pl31d pod pad poi essis por sos pl ses si z poietic por tik ress r s ry ri s s 2 saur s3 r sau rus s ros scape sk 1p scope sk up sep al ous s polos ship fip some som some s um so mic s umik spore sp r spor ous sp ros sporos starsis st rsos sts stosos pl ses si z stat st et static stetik ster stor stome st um style st il tax is t amp eksos pl tax es si z th 0 the ci um Of iom si the ism Oiiz o m the ist Oi ist Dirst therm 0e rm ther my 05 rmi tome t um tornia t unio tron tr n trope tr up troph ic tr fik tr u tro phy trofi trop ic tr pik tr v tro pism tr piz m tr upiz o m tro pous tropos tropy tropi ty ti type tamp ward word wards wordz y i zoa z u zoic z utk zoon z6udn on pl zoa Z uo zy gous z 1gos zig zyme z m 11 1111 1 1 1 11 1 mood00 000000 2 0000000 65 100H
80. t allocate apportion O he assigned the opinion to the Prince ASCRIBE attribute put down accredit credit chalk up impute pin on lay at the door of he may assign the money to a third party TRANSFER make over give pass hand over down convey consign Law attorn devise bag noun O I dug around in my bag for my lipstick HANDBAG shoulder bag clutch bag example of use to help distinguish different senses label indicating the specialist field in which the following synonym s are used combined synonym group standing for hand over and hand down evening bag pochette N Amer pocketbook purse historical reticule scrip she began to un pack her bags SUITCASE case valise portmanteau holdall grip overnighter backpack rucksack knapsack haversack kitbag duffel bag satchel bags luggage baggage gt verb O locals bagged the most fish CATCH land cap ture trap snare ensnare kill shoot he bagged seven medals GET secure obtain acquire pick up win achieve attain commandeer grab appro label indicating the region of the world in which the following synonym s are used see opposite for abbreviations priate take informal get one s hands on land net core synonym the closest synonym to the entry word word s meaning t he opposite of he entry word most have entries 80 of their own where a wider choice can be fou
81. t unpleasant intelligent stupid polite or rude The way or manner in which somebody does something may be important People do things deliberately or on purpose they mean to do it or accidentally or by mistake they do not mean to do it Somebody may have or show a quality or feeling such as respect interest pleasure skill emotion excitement enthusiasm sympathy courage or determination Or they may show a lack of one of these qualities or a desire to do something Describing organizations An organization may be a business a company an institution a club or a group of people who work together for a particular aim The people who lead an organization a government or society can be called people in authority Describing actions An event may be a ceremony a festival or a celebration It could be public private official or social An occasion is a time when something happens For example a referendum is an occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue Something that somebody does or something that happens may be described as an act an action an activity or a process a series of connected actions When a noun is very closely linked to a verb it may be defined in terms of the verb as the act action activity process of For example one of the meanings of achievement is the act or process of achieving sth Your experience U is the things you have
82. xford Thesauruz2e Oxford University Press 2002 J wa 000000000000 00000000000 00000000000 000000000000 000000000000 000000000000000000000000000800000 00000000000 000000000000000000000000000800000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH78HHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 12 HHHHUHHHHHHHHHL HHHHHUHHHHL HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH OXFORD Guide to British and American Culture amp yOxford University Prezz 1235 fifth impression 2004 CERO UK Copyright 11 15155 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHH nnnnnnhnnn HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH82HHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HH HH 13 DUDU HHHHHUHHHL 00000 DO0000000 000000 0000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH ai AER ERR x2 AD RAR HHHHH 0000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHH nnnnn HHHHHHHHHHHHHH91HHHHHHHHH HHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHH 14 0000000000000 HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH 8 ARM

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