ICU の設備 1
Contents
1. K FIRE HET SCE THO 2 BERG OME A U Rat RSH 2 P D 22. 8 Xxdk bp 1 HEASE 02 2004 2004 2 3 CDC Guideline for Environmental infection Control in Health Care Facilities 2003 4 CDC 2003 5 2009 6 pp5 4 7 Bhalla A Pultz NJ Gries DM et al Aquisition of nosocomial pathogens on hands after contact with environmenta
3. 2 Co hh Senior S RH CO 2 AR tA Q9 ICU ESD O Bare below the elbows policy O O O L O
4. ORE EL Em ZIY F 1 ICU ELD 9 LAF laminar air flow VE UV 8 1
5. 10 2 M Tuberculosis Mycobacteria 20C 20 055 20C 12 25 35C 5 0 55 25C 5 1 000ppm
6. Bis 1983 CDC AFT 2 2 H 2 Gremo gt
7. HEPA 5i A he RET AYA CHA HE 2 ICU HEPA
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10. 237 a gt mo 1 Rutala WA APIC guideline for selection and use of disinfectant Am J Infect Control 1996 24 313 342 2 Spaulding EH Role of chemical disinfection in the prevention of nosocomial infections In Proceedings of the International Conference of Nosocomial Infections 1970 Brachman PS Eickhoff TC eds American Hospital Association 1971 247 254 3 Spaulding EH Chemical disinfection and antisepsis in the hospital J Hosp Res 1972 9 5 31 4 Favero MS Bond WW Chemical disinfection of medical and surgical materials Disinfection Sterilization and Preservation 4th ed Block SS ed Les amp Febiger 1991 617 641 5 2011 pp 5 14 6 DER UHR RA OMERE WV 227 INFECTION CONTROL 2009 7 CDC Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities 2008 8 CDC
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15. 1 EID HEAS 02 2004 AE AN 6 2 80 ju emm pe es I Xo BOE BOR E 2 js WRR Rp 3 Ju I 1 HEA BOR Sn DOR HERR ILOs eee EE 3 BBC PEKE 3 15 m 2 le NICU ICU CCU 2 6 aR DE 2 le 2 ICU EXE EAS h 5 m PIT
16. PETHA 27 H alla S mst BROBE Eo RAA Tm Mme lamone Tab TAADA A B C MR D E F H K L M N K L M N RE fp 20 25C 10 F 6 G 50 56 C C 12 18 H 3 8 A B C MR D E F H E 20 25C 10 J F 6 G 50 56 C C 12 418 H 3 8 A B C MR D E F H aF D 20 25c ciomm O F 6 G 50 56C C 12 418 H 3 8 A B C MR D E F H um D 20 25C 10 J F 6 G 50 56C 12 H 3 8 A B C MR D E F H ko EE D 20 25C 10 F 6 G 50 56 C C 12 4 H 3 8 28 6 2 aw e 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 RUT HORTA Ze CODA CERE O NUBE 3 30 2 TAD 50 60C WAMI GRR 8 12
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22. 1 1 3 28 1 MRSA 1 1 i 1 Department of Health UK Comprehensive critical care a review of adult critical care service London 2000 2 British association of critical care nursing Standards for nurse staffing in critical care 2010 3 Hugonnet S Chevrolet J Pittet D The effect of workload on infection risk in critically ill patients Crit Care Med 2007 35 76 81 4 Hugonnet S Uckay I Pittet D Staffing level a determinant of late onset ventilator associated pneumonia Crit Care 2007 11 R80 5 Dancer SJ Coyne M Speekenbrink A et al MRSA acquisition in an intensive care unit Am J Infect Control 2006 34 10 17 6 Andersen BM Lindemann R Bergh K et
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32. HEAS 02 2004 HEAS 02 2004 ICU T 3 ICU 2003 ICU ICU SH ICU 7 ICU ROB E CB ERE
33. HEAS 02 2004 2004 46 411 417 3 2004 2005 1 105 110 4 ICU CPG ICU 2003 HEASE 02 2004 RECEN 5 RHEA 2004 11 201 206 6 AMOR LES ICU 2005 12 395 399 7 ICU 2004 11 180 181 8 RHEA ICU 2005 12 373 375 9 Department of Health Uniforms and workwear an evidence base for developing local policy London DH 2007 10 Department of Health Uniforms and workwear Guidance on uniform and workwear policies for NHS employers London DH 2010 11 Griffin K
34. 2012 9 U S Food and Drug Administration FDA and U S Environmental Protection Agency EPA Memorandum of understanding between the Food and Drug Administration PHS Department of Health and Human Services and the Environmental Protection Agency Notice regarding matters of mutual responsibility regualation of liquid chemical germicides intended for use on medical devices 1993 Available from FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health CDRH Office of health and Industry Programs Division of Small manufacturers Assistance Rockville MD 20850 or EPA Registration Division Antimicroibial Program Branch 401 M St SW Washington DC 20460 10 USFoodandDrugAdministration FDA Interim measures for the registration of antimicrobial products 33 H alla S meh 2 liquid chemical germicides with medical device use claims under the memorandum of understanding between EPA and FDA 1994 CDRH Facts on Demand Shelf 851 P 14 June 30 1994 Available from FDA CDRH Office of Health and Industry Programs Division of Small Manufactures Assistance Rockville MD 20850 11 CDC Guideline for Environmental infection Control in Health Care Facilities 2003 12 Favero MS Bond WW Sterilizaion disinfection and antisepsis in the hospital Manual of Clinical Microbiology 5th ed Balows A Hausler WJ Jr Herrmann KL Isengerg HD Shadomy
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47. 9 O O 2 O O GD O LA I ICU Lv 9 LA I O BRB FU LERLCHENS gt aug 1991 CDC 3 p 26
48. S OME OAT GPE De Breet 5xm 23 2 BERG OME A U Rat RSH 2 D ICU ICU Cii 12x SS 1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guideline for Isolation Precautions Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings 2007 2 Garner JS Simmons BP Guideline for isolation precautions in hospitals Infect Control 1983 4 245 325 3 23 6 17 0617 1 4 070828 ver 5 0 JANIS 11 13 20
49. HEASE 02 2004 WM 2004 1 2 2002 9 2 159 168 3 CDC Guideline for Environmental infection Control in Health Care Facilities 2003 C 4 WHEE CDC 2003 E 5 2010 6 CDC Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health care settings 2002 7 REET 2011 38 1 83 86 8 ICU EREDO DAE 2005 12 395 399 9 KARE 2003 p3 9 2 EFES gt sia 2 ICU i ICU ICU 6 2
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52. 88 Suppl 4 S287 S293 14 Ojajarvi J Effectiveness of hand washing and disinfection methods in removing transient bacteria after patient nursing J Hyg Camb 1980 85 193 203 15 2 2012 pp 7 26 16 ICU 2005 pp 37 49 17 Lynch P Jackson MM Cummings MJ Stamm WE Rethinking the role of isolation practices in the prevention of nosocomial infections Ann Intern Med 1987 107 243 246 18 Korniewicz DM Laughon BE Butz A Larson E Integrity of vinyl and latex procedures gloves Nurs Res 1989 38 144 146 19 Patterson JE Vecchio J Pantelick EL et al Association of contaminated gloves with transmission of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var anitratus in an intensive care unit Am J Med 1991 91 479 483 20 Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens final rule Federal Register 1991 56 64004 64182 21 Garner JS Guidelines for Isolation Precautions in Hospitals The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Am J Infect Control 1996 24 24 31 22 Siegel DJ Rhinehart E Jackson M Chiarello L The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Management of Multidrug Resistant Organisms In Healthcar
53. HJ eds American Society for Microbiolgy 1991 183 200 13 Nystrom B Disinfection of surgical instruments J Hosp Infect 1981 2 363 368 14 Rutala WA Weber DJ FDA labeling requirements for disinfection of endoscopes a counterpoint Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995 16 231 235 15 Parker HH 4th Johnson RB Effectiveness of ethylene oxide for sterilization of dental handpieces J Dent 1995 23 113 115 16 Alfa MJ DeGagne P Olson N Puchalski T Comparison of ion plasma vaporized hydrogen peroxide and 100 ethylene oxide sterilizers to the 12 88 ethylene oxide gas sterilizer Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1996 17 92 100 17 Rutala WA Gergen MF Jones JF Weber DJ Levels of microbial contamination on surgical instruments Am J Infect Control 1998 26 143 145 18 CDC Recommended infection control practices for dentistry 1993 19 Van Bueren J Simpson RA Salman H et al Inactivation of HIV 1 by chemical disinfectants sodium hypochlorite Epidemiol Infect 1995 115 567 579 20 Prince DL Prince HN Thraenhart O et al Methodological approaches to disinfection of human hepatitis B virus J Clin Microbiol 1993 31 3296 3304 21 Druce JD Jardine D Locarnini SA Birch CJ Susceptibility of HIV to inactivation by disinfectants and ultraviolet light J Hosp Infect 1995 30 167 180 22 CDC Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health care settings 1987 1s 18s 23 Rutala W
54. al Spread of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive unit associated with understaffing overcrowding and mixing of patients J Hosp Infect 2002 50 18 24 7 Schwab F Meyer E Geffers C et al Understaffing overcrowding inappropriate nurse ventilated patient ratio and nosocominal infections which parameter is the best reflection of deficits J Hosp Infect 2012 80 133 139 8 Halwani M Soaymani Dodaran M Grundmann H et al Cross transmission of nosocominal pathogens in an adult intensive care unit incidence and risk factors J Hosp Infect 2006 63 39 46 Para 2 Ead A 9 N a 2 5 ICU DOMARO ICU
55. influenza A in a nursing home from a culture positive roommate Infect Control Hsop Epidemiol 2003 24 11 872 874 31 Haley CE McDonald RC Rossi L et al Tuberculosis epidemic among hospital personnel Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1989 10 5 204 210 32 Handwager S Raucher B Altarac D et al Nosocomial outbreak due to Enterococcus faecium highly resistant to vancomycin penicillin and gentamicin Clin Infect Dis 1993 16 750 755 33 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis in health care facilities MMWR 1994 438 RR13 1 132 34 Kenyon TA Ridzon R Luskin Hawk R et al A nosocomial outbreak of multidrug resistant tuberculosis Ann Intern Med 1997 127 1 32 36 35 Pavelchak N DePersis RP London M et al Identification of factors that disrupt negative air pressurization of respiratory isolation rooms Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2000 21 3 191 195 25 Para 2 Ed oO a ORCA OU BRE TT ARSE Oe 2 6 a O
56. 05 5 CDC Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health care settings MMWR 1987 36 suppl 2 1S 18S 6 Lynch P Jackshon MM Cummings MJ et al Rethinking the role of isolation practices in the prevention of nosocomial infections Ann Intern Med 1987 107 243 246 7 2012 8 Mortimer EA Jr Lipsitz PJ Wolinsky E et al Transmission of staphylococci between newborns Importance of the hands to personnel Am J Dis Child 1962 104 289 295 9 Pittet D Hugonnet S Harbarth S et al Effectiveness of a hospital wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene Infection Control Programme Lancet 2000 356 9238 1307 1312 10 Larson E A causal link between handwashing and risk of infection Examination of the evidence Infect Control 1988 9 1 28 36 11 Ehrenkranz NJ Alfonso BC Failure of bland soap handwash to prevent hand transfer of patient bacteria to urethral catheters Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1991 12 654 662 12 Casewell M Phillips I Hands as route of transmission for Klebsiella species BMJ 1977 2 6098 1315 1317 13 Patarakul K Tan Khum A Kanha S et al Cross sectional survey of hand hygiene compliance and attitudes of health care workers and visitors in the intensive care units at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital J Med Assoc Thai 2005
57. 1 ICU EXE3 mann 1 ICU D as ICU HEAS 02 2004 CISA ISO 7 NASA 10000 100000 O O O ICU IC O BEES O
58. 3 0 35 m s 0 45 m s J 4 Th 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 SEKO cw Ia BUREICHRER S e O p 27 9 17 O
59. 7 Favero MS Bond WW Sterilizaion disinfection and antisepsis in the hospital In Manual of Clinical Microbiology 5th ed Balows A Hausler WJ Jr Herrmann KL Isengerg HD Shadomy HJ eds American Society for Microbiolgy Washington DC 1991 pp 183 200 18 CDC Norovirus outbreak in an elementary school District of Columbia February 2007 MMWR 2008 56 51 1340 1343 19 CDC The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee Management of Multidrug Resistant Organisms In Healthcare Settings 2006 20 Rutala WA APIC guideline for selection and use of disinfectants 1994 1995 and 1996 APIC Guidelines Committee Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology Inc Am J Infect Control 1996 24 4 313 342 21 Favero MS Bond WW Chemical disinfection of medical and surgical materials In Disinfection Sterilization and Preservation 4th ed Block SS ed Philadelphia PA Les amp Febiger 1991 pp 617 641 10 3 ICU EEED mm 3 ICU D HOBEBA O ICU TIRARAS GD O FWE ICU ROD esl Repl ED ICU
60. A Shafer KM General Information on Cleaning Disinfection and Sterilizaion In APIC Infection Control and Applied Epidemiology Principles and Practice Olmstead RN ed St Louis MO Mosby YearBook 1996 154 24 Chou T Environmental Services In APIC infection control and Applied Epidemiology Principles and Practice Olmstead RN ed St Louis MO Mosby YearBook 1996 107 1 7 25 Goldmann DA The role of barrier precautions in infection control J Hosp Infect 1991 18 Suppl A 515 523 26 Garner JS Fevero MS Guideline for handwashing and hopital envionmental cotrol US departmet Health and Human Service Centers for Disease Control 1985 27 Rutala WA Disinfection sterilization and waster disosal Prevention and Control of Nosocomial Infections 2nd ed 1993 460 495 28 Rutala WA Weber DJ Disinfection and sterilization in health care facilities what clinicians need to know Clin Infect Dis 2004 39 702 709 29 2009 50 52 30 CDC 2003 31 Y s Square http www yoshida pharm com 2012 text03 02 03 32
61. J Foster N Bare below the elbows Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2011 93 181 12 Hill S Wearing white coats and sitting on beds why should it matter Clin Med 2011 11 548 553 13 Treakle AM Tham KA Furuno JP et al Bacterial contamination of health care workers white coats Am J Infect Control 2009 37 101 105 14 Wong D Nye K Hollis P Microbial flora on doctors white coats BMJ 1991 303 1602 1604 15 Jeans AR Moore J Nicol C et al Wristwatch use and hospital acquired infection J Hosp Infect 2010 74 16 21 16 Trick WE Vernon MO Hayes RA et al Impact of ring wearing on hand contamination and comparison of hand hygiene agents in a hospital Clin Infect Dis 2003 36 1383 1390 17 Bobb JR Davies JG Ayliffe GA Contamination of protective clothing and nurses uniforms in an isolation ward J Hosp Infect 1983 4 149 157 18 Rush J Fiorini Chiovitti R Kaufman K et al A randomized controlled trial of a nursery ritual wearing cover gowns to care for healthy newborns Birth 1990 17 25 30 19 Donowitz LG Failure of the overgown to prevent nosocominal infection in a pediatric intensive care unit Pediatrics 1986 77 35 38 20 Haque KN Chagla AH Do gowns prevent infection in neonatal intensive care units J Hosp Infect 1989 14 159 162 21 Tunevall TG Postoperative wound infection and surgical face masks a controlled study World J Surg 1991 15 383 387 22 Ruthman JC Hendrick
62. MME pelo CC ORB LCORUB S 302 ERM CHS HRI 1987 HIV 5 Body substance isolation 2002
63. e Settings 2006 cited Available 24 5 from http www cdc gov hicpac pdf guidelines MDROGuideline2006 pdf 23 Global Consensus Conference Global consensus Conference on infection Control issues related to antimicrobial resistance Final recommendations Am J Infect control 1999 27 503 523 24 Chang VT Nelson K The role of physical proximity in nosocomial diarrhea Clin Infect Dis 2000 31 3 717 722 25 2002473 H cited http www jsicm org ICU kijunn html 26 Trick WE Weinstein RA DeMarais PL et al Comparison of routine glove use and contact isolation precautions to prevent transmission of multidrug resistant bacteria in a long term care facility J Am Geriatr Soc 2004 52 12 2003 2009 27 Aboelela SW Saiman L Stone P et al Effectiveness of barrier precautions and surveillance cultures to control transmission of multidrug resistant organisms a systematic review of the literature Am J Infect Control 2006 34 8 484 494 28 Hospital Infection Practices Advisory Committee Recommendations for preventing the spread of vancomaycin resistance Am J Infect Control 1995 23 87 94 29 2012 pp 15 22 30 Drinka PJ Krause P Nest L et al Risk of acquiring
64. ional Nurse Leads Royal College of Nursing 1 1 Schwab 182 ICU 1 1 313 PIM fibi 2 amp 513 HO MLE BEWARE Halwani 4 ICU DNA
65. l surfaces near hospitalized patients Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2004 25 164 167 8 Danforth D Nicolle LE Hume K et al Nosocomial infections on nursing units wiith floors cleaned with a disinfectant compared with detergent J Hosp Infect 1987 10 229 235 9 Maki DG Alvarado CJ Hassemer CA Zilz MA Relation of the inanimate hospital environment to endemic nosocomial infection N Engl J Med 1982 307 25 1562 1566 10 Ayliffe GA Collins BJ Lowbury EJ et al Cleaning and disinfection of hospital floors BMJ 1966 2 442 445 1D Vesley D Pryor AK Walter WG Shaffer JG A cooperative microbiological evaluation of floor cleaning procedures in hospital patient rooms Health Lab Sci 1970 7 256 264 Pra 2 Ex c N WIO CO li Tit 2 12 Dancer SJ Mopping up hospital infection J Hosp Infect 1999 43 85 100 13 Gable TS Bactericidal efectiveness of floor cleaning methods in a hospital environment Hospitals JAHA 1966 40 4 107 111 14 Centers for Disease Control Recommendations for prevention of HIV transmission in health care settings MMWR 1987 36 suppl 2S 15 Weber DJ The effect of blood on the antiviral activity of sodium hypochlorite a phenolic and a quaternary ammonium compound Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999 20 821 827 16 Gamer JS Favero MS CDC guideline for hand washing and hospital environment control 1985 Infection Control 1986 7 231 243 1
66. sen D Miller RF et al Effect of cap and mask on infection rates in wound sutured in the emergency department Illinois Med J 1984 165 397 399 Pra 2 x ZB Co XH Stok ja S dri CO 2 4 ICU DAG Bion 9 O 1 1 9 24 1 1973 ICU 1967 1 1 2000 Department of Health WRF 3 British Association of Critical Care Nurses Critical Care Networks Nat
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