学校における温熱・空気環境に関する 現状の問題点と対策
Contents
1.2.
3.
4. 1 FF
5. 1
6. 1 9 2
7. 42
8. CASBEE IBEC CASBBE 1 2 2
9. 200 F 6 A 6 23 7 23 EIT F 6 A 6723 1111 1 5 4 7 3 7 24 tioghis 1 MO T 5 A 7 3 11 49 Y 6 A 7 11 7 20 50 1 Y 6 A 7711 912 1 gt 0 NM Ne pm 0 13
10. 2 2005 23 30 2010
11. 3 VOCs
12. 1 C 06650658 1995 3 2 B 09450221 2000 3 3 4
13. 10 5 2 2 a 4 b
14. 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 100 3 13 3 14
15. 3 9 10 0 0 2000 1500 E a WN 1000 500 CO m3 h 0 1500 1200 900 600 CO ppm S00 3 2 1 CO Class A Class B Class C Building Decree SDG BB 101 AEU EN15251 1 AEU EN15251 I EU EN15251 10 20 30 40 20 se m37 h 3 2 2 CO O AA 1 CEN EN 15251 Indoor environmental inp
16. 3
17. 1m 10 CO gt 1500ppm 3000ppm
18. 19 1 14 21 10 31 1 5 2 q q Rm Rm amp SN 0 0 40 60 100 5 10 15 20 25 g kg a b
19. Web 5 4 27 8 JE 4S a 0 40 lt CO 0 a Case 2 MI RES ER 3 CO SH 8 10 12 14 16 b Case S 2 4 5 3 1
20. 6 2 2 h
21. 28 C i 28C Mn i
22. 4 7 4 2 1 3 6 15 54 18 60 15 60 16 73 7 28 13 46 12 40 10 40 6 27 18 2 63 58 42 47 25 25 32 42 1s 5so 12 11 le 40 25 cm 2 3 4 5 6 100 80 60 40 20 0 6 7 9 10 12 4 2 3
23. 3 2 144 1 43 RC PIN 46 48 56
24. 1 RR RS 2 UY Null 3 FF lt
25. 4
26. 24 30 6 43
27. MN CC 2 199S 1997 RN GH
28. g m3 4000 3000 2000 1 lt TVOC A A A B B B 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 8 VOC 1 6 1 MNT 2 CO 4000 ppm 3
29. 32 3 5
30. 38 5 HY 2007 8 22 3 24 30C 13 8 22 8 00 2 C 16 3 24
31. 8 10 00 b 15 00 4 3 1 2007 9 20 CN 3 4 3 8 30C 15 8 00 2 C 16 B ch3 A
32. 4 3 1 4
33. 4 26 CO ppm CO ppm 19 1 14 21 10 31 1 4 5 2 fi fi 0 0 40 60 100 5 10 15 20 25 g kg a b
34. L CO 1500ppm
35. 2000 4 _ h y 173x 303 2 000 5 m h cl 500 y VYV y 67x 362 2 y 62x 379 0 2 4 6 m 5 2 1 4 4 2 14 5 2 2 28C 28C
36. 4 1 2 1986 3 3 A B C Scm 50cm 110cm 10cm 4 4 1 1
37. 1 8000m SU ONS 2 http www mext go jp a_menu kenko hoken 1292482 htm 3 3 3 1 4 1500 ppm 10 C 30 C 30 80
38. 11 2 6 1 2 7 1 6 2 1 2 1 a 3 6 15 54 18 60 15 60 16 73 7 28 i3 46 12 40 10 40 6 27 18 72 63 58 42 47 25 25 32 42 13 50 25
39. 5 2 1 2 15 15
40. 42 VOC a FF
41. 3 2001 9 22 TVOC 4 14 TVOC 53 4 14 VOC 4 14 MVOC TVOC
42. CO RE 3
43. 9 1 2 3 4 2010 3 pp 65 68 2013 9
44. 0 jl BBE 1 WM11 i ll Hl NN lll SH ll EE 4 W 5 a ing TN UII TN Niii ll pe m I 5 3 8 5 3 1 a 19 5 3 1 ZI 1 1 6
45. 1 10 30 25 20 h 10 1 A 2 3 0 1607 8 CL 4 4 F 6 A 35 30 F 6 A 6 A 25 5 A 20 Y 6 A 15E 4 WR 10E 3 5 0
46. T S 4 5 1 7 2009 5 CO gt 1500ppm 7 9 10 6 10 2 11 12 1500ppm 1 20 m7 h CO 1500ppm UCS
47. 25 PFI 26 27 28 96 100 ip ieo 140 120 FH 99 100 0 80 40 60 30 40 20 20 10 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 C 4 3 1 WH 4 3 2 2000
48. 2 3
49. 24 _ 5 3 16 1 14 5 2010 2 2008 3 http www mitsubishielectric co jp home kankisen oteire index_b html 4 http www dainichi net co jp suppor mainte hd htm 25 gt 1 1 1
50. CO gt 500ppm CO 999 11 26 3 2 8 CO
51. 1 RI 25 507 759 100 4 10 2007 9 20 CN 3 22 3 23 A tegeni gp nbnrtbeir etherpd hhodgrobitctnie teeta NACE 2 1 9 20 CN 100 7 80 60 40 20 0 7 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 0
52. 6 30 5 9 9 3 4
53. 5 3 9 13 1 2 5 3 9 5 3 10 20 2
54. PMV 2 18 PMV clo 0 arctan 4 2 19 26 27C 28 3 Adapti
55. 1 2 1986 3 3 A B C Scm S0cm 110cm 10cm 4 1 1 8 9 22C
56. 2 CO gt 6 2 2 h
57. 2 3 7 10 34 2 2006 11 2007 10 1 9 16 2 B 1 7
58. 5 ASHRAE Standard 55 62 1 1996 Environmental Protection Agency BPA ASHRAE Standard 58
59. 2015 3 NT llll ll V lll V 2015 3 2015 3 0 H 1 PP KG PIT FPP FFP 1 1 2
60. pp 1339 1342 2009 9 4 Harper G J Airborne micro organ1sms Survival tests with four Viruses J Hyg 59 pp 479 486 1961 5 pp 2211 2214 2009 9 64
61. No 48 2 pp 4635 468 2009 3 42 4 4 1 RC HCHO VOCs HCHO VOCs
62. CO 1 1 No 33 pp 63 70 2002 3 2 2 No 559 pp 29 36 2002 9 4 24 4 5 4 5 1 SPP 2008
63. 60 3 1 1 1 20 1 5 15
64. T on off Case T 1 0 m7h Case T 2 4 5 1 Case T 1 CN 5 1 Case T 1 9 35 CO 1500ppm 2300ppm 2 3200ppm 5 1b CO 1500ppm 37 1 c Case T 2 Case TL2
65. CO 2 1 1 No 5 3 pp 63 70 2002 3 2 No 559 pp 29 36 2002 9 3 VOC 26 pp 25 28 2002 12 2 55 4 1
66. 6 1 1986 10 CO gt I pp 367 368 2010 9 No 22 pp 295 300 2005 12 3 TI pp 911 912 2003 9 4 11
67. FF
68. Adaptive model 2 13 1 0 5 0 0 5 a 5 12 6 A7 eg 10 12 1 5 15 18 21 24 27 30 4 2 9 PMV T 26 A 100 100 arma O A W 4 CO O yA 25 26 27 28 29 30 3125 26 27 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 C C C a b c 4 2 10 H 4 X PMV 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
69. 7 2006 2006 3 8 2 8 3 2 1 2 CO 3 2 3
70. 3 1 1 15 3 1 1 20 2 20m h 0 15mg m 10ppm 1000ppm 0 Se 176C 28 a 129 2 6 2 EC P 40 70 0 5m s 20 5 0 1mg m 20 7 6 0 5 h 0 3 h 20 3 1 2
71. 140 120 100 80 60 h 1 7 8 9 10 1112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2002 2003 3 6 9 15 3 7 3 6 3 6 7 140 on 10 3 6 3 7
72. HCHO VOCs 3 VOCs VOCs HCHO
73. 2 3 A 4 5 6 100 80 60 40 20 0 4 6 7 9 10 12 2 4 2 2 K 6 2 30 30 50 50 20 a 2 100 90 80 70 50 40 30 20 10 0 2 5 K 2 O3 4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2 6 K 1 off 28C 27C 2 1 3 1 41 5 1 6 1 6 2 2 7 9
74. 58 RE a GR O OR RW
75. CO gt 4 0 5 CO 1500ppm 2 2 h 0 5 h 2 2 4 23 5
76. 1 1986 10 CO gt TL pp 367 368 2010 9 No 22 pp 295 300 2005 12 3 TL pp 911 912 2003 9 4 11
77. C WW E 5 3 1 6 NN NNSNNNNN pa 5 3 1 16 Hi HD mwzw 5 3 2 dm 5 3 3 2 a eX
78. A B 39 an HY A 50 4 40 B 30 20 am 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 3 25 2007 8 22 6 3 1 NR 2007 7 3 26 7 B 3 1 2 6 7 9 A 60 700 3410 4170 1120 3330 4790 250 200 150 100 50 0 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 A
79. 5300 m7h 2 SO me h 1400 1 _e 1000 e 800 NO MT i 2 400 200 0 I 1 K IK i TIT I a a 1 M 1 1 2 1 4 2 1 PC 1 6 1 7 1 5 2 3
80. 0 33 33 33 8 100 100 100 56 56 56 EN OO 100 100 EE 31 31 31 EE 97 97 97 _ 9 47 47 RE EI 95 95 95 FPP 27 27 49 c EE EE 89 89 88 40 40 40 32 32 35 E9897 96 nk Ef 40 40 EE 53 96 95 2 21 8 EH 93 93 93 32 32 32 53 90 90 36 36 36 A 72 73 73 1 32 32 ES EI EE 68 68 68 0 20 40 605 80 100 0 20 40 60 80 10090 20 40 60 80 100 a b c 2 10 7 M eS 2009 5 3 3 1
81. 1 AB 27 2 10 16 D 9 12 8 16 13 12 9 3 26 12 5 8 F 3 7 0 0 0 G 18 24 4 45 13 5 4 25 0 19 13 4 6 5 6 15 10 14 3 5 5 8 0 6 0 24 0 0 6 3 5 7 14 7 17 6
82. 3 1 4 5 4 4 6 TVOC 6 A 3 TVOC 1862 ug m 3 160 260 ug m TVOC 6 A TVOC
83. 1 AIJES A001 2014 A004 AO00S 2010 gt N MG 2 SHASE S 102 2003 a WWE OR 30 3 9 3 2 3 2 1 3 NC 2 0 0 1 EU EU European Commettee for Standardization Comite Europeen de Normalisation CEN EU EN
84. 2 T 1 3 3 7 3 VOCs VOCs 4 8 VOCs 4 7 30 VOCs VOC 1 O 170 5 VOC 4 9 F
85. 3 6 5 8 40 4 5 8 65 2 6 70 20 50 2 4 ff 2 mt 1 A tt B 1 ll 3 1 ON BR SSSRST EE Ee We ES 222 EE 2 eS Ee HE ee Sl EN HT SS HI SS RH RMH RMH EE RMH RMH RMH
86. T pp 914 914 2003 9 2 3 4 9 7 2 2 1 2014 23 100
87. 3 3 3 1 G NN 5 1 1 1
88. 2002 2003 1 HT 5 2 4 1 5 3 4 3 N3 3 Ni S1 S4 N2 N4 N5 3 4
89. c EM TT 1 n A 200 HH BC 1 lt 10 gt a J x a a ICMI 3 age 1 a 93 HO 11 2 13 6 1 11 C ii 1 4 1 2 4 1 3 CO2 4 1 3 CO CO 7 9m 9 1m 3 0m 2 2 35 3 4 2 10 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 CO gt
90. 3 3 9 3 3 10 3 6 7 9 25C 30C 3 9 3 10 30C 30 C 12 1 2 20C C 15 15 C 20C 3 9101112 1 2
91. 3 1 pp 871 872 2006 9 10 No 46 2 pp 425 428 2007 3 11 1 I pp 951 952 2007 3 12 2008 6 13 2 I pp 1245 1246 2008 9 14 3 T pp 1247 1248 2008 9 15
92. 4 3 6 B 40C 9 B A B 4 3 7 A B 2 CN A ew CN B abe cdf 36 34 0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 4 3 6 2007 8 26 CN 4
93. 1500ppm 2 2 27 3 1 1 0 3 h 2
94. a VOCs 4 lt gt CO gt 1500ppm
95. VOCs HCHO D2 4 2 1 4 1 3 4 2 F RC 41 T RC 3 1 2000 3 6 A
96. FF 220 0
97. 45 CO S00ppm 0 25 0 1 CO 2 15 1 CO gt 0 75 CO gt 0 70 12 4 12 4000 3500 3000 2500 5 a 20008 io 8 72 500 9 A SS 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 800 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 _ a b 2 10 K CO 3000 2500 Oo 2000 CO ppm a 0 20 40 60 80 100 2 11 M
98. 1 1 1 1 NMOS
99. 2 173 9 00 15 00 N3 S3 28 1 Co pe h 0 fi 6 9 10 11 12 3 2002 2003 3 7 1 4 3 9 X6
100. 3 2 1 CO gt ECU 400ppm lt gt 180m 40 CO gt 11 L h 16 L h 22 L h 20kg 7 2 L h 8 2Skg 8 7 L h 12 43kg 13 7 L h 19 L h CO 3 2 2
101. T 2009 CO 1500ppm 7 9 10 6 10 2 11 12 1500ppm 1 20 m7 h CO 1500ppm 5 1 S 59 5 m x3 0 m 178 5 m 67 9 m x3 0 m 203 7 m _ FCU GHP
102. RI 0 21 33 20 20 e o X XX 4 5 9 10 14 15 19 20 1 2 RNN 3 4 5 6 0 20 40 60 80 1000 20 40 60 80 1000 20 40 60 80 100 9 2 3 oa 2 4 6
103. 2 10 Pf 4 4 6 6 11
104. 25C 55 30C 90 NE 20 28C 40 28C m 100 80 YP ER oo EI CO NOC 60 hk ru TI Be 40 1 b 6 El P NN MNTINNNI 20 P NNN pM 0 RR NNNN 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 C a b 2 3 2 4 2 1 2 4 T 2 2 2 5 K
105. 2 2 4 S T 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 2006 2 N H 6 2006 1 2009 3 3 2 3 2m S K 2010
106. B ch3 A B ch6 A HY A ch3 ch4 0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00 8 22 8 23 HY B 0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00 8 22 8 23 b B HY 3 24 2007 8 22 HY 3 25 B
107. 0 3 h 7 1500ppm 2 2 1
108. 28 19 C 20 C 2 4 5 O gt 49 1
109. 3 3 13 70 60 3 14 40
110. 1 2 2 1 1990 0 3 h 2005 WG 7 60 368
111. 5 1 3 1 2 3 b 7 5 1 3 A TN a Gs MPN 5 1 4 HU
112. 1000ppm 5 1 d Case T 2 CO 1500ppm T 0 9m s 0 5mys 50dB 50dB CO CO m m2 2 0 40 r 30 8 20 1o 0 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 c Case T 2 8 8 EF E4 EF E4 AL 40 4000 40 30 3000 E a 30 Rm 20 2000 3 20 10 1000 10 0 0 0 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 b Case T 1
113. 5 3 4 1 7 eg ez J i i e i 1 a 5 3 6 1 2 9 18 5 3 2
114. 5 1 2 2 0 3 100ugim 1500ppm 10 20 mh 0 3 h 1
115. 2 6 CO 2 10 10 CCO gt 1300ppm CCO gt 1500ppm 14 M 2 11 CO 1500ppm 2 12 2 13 2 3 3 2 2 2 14 2 3
116. T 2 2 1 4 5 4 19 h 18 1 PP 2 2 48 3 HCHO 4 6 HCHO 30 1 HCHO 18 1 HCHO
117. 0 8 00 17 00 24 40 0 5 h CO gt 1500ppm 100 2 2 2 2 0 5 2 2 5 10 15 30
118. 21 6m7 h EN TI 30m 7h 2 Bauregelliste 0 50Pa 1 h 1 5 3 SN Institut ftr Normung DIN 18 24 40 70 0 2mWs CO 1500ppm DIBD
119. 25 PFI 21 26 27 28 3 3 1 1995 1996 2 0
120. 2 1 2 1 2 2 EE RE 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 OO 2 3 2 4 M 85 2 7 3 3 1 ER 3 1 3 1 1 3 1 2 3 1 3 3 2 ET NN DE WED PPT NT NO 3 6 4 4 1 TTY 4 1 4 2 oi 4 6 4 3 4 13 4 4 33 4 19 4 5 ooo 4 25 5
121. 3 8 15C 20C 15C 10C 20 5C 40 60 25C 20 60 30C 60 80 28C 100 860 60 40 20 9 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 C 3 8 29 5 2002 9 2003 9 3 CO
122. FF ET 4 6 25 33 5 37 6 75 3 1000 2 3 9 4 30 FF 96 1 100 2 100 3 100 4 84 5 72 6 0 92 0 20 80 100 40 60 2 4 1 2 0 3 5 4 25 5 13
123. 4 2 5 4 2 4 100 80 60 40 20 0 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 C a b 4 2 4 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 15 17 19 4 8 4 2 6 4 2 5
124. 9 1 a 40 ON FoN 30 25 19 10 3 0 00 6 00 12 00 18 00 0 00 4 3 5 ON OFF 3 3 9 1 2002 7 2003 9 3 6 27 5 9 11 1 3
125. 1000ppm 2000 3000ppm 3000 2500 2000 a d 1500 1000 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2002 2003 4 3 5 3 CO 4 15 4 3 3 1
126. 40 0 5 h CO 1500ppm 100 2 2 2 2 0 2 2 5 10 15 30 CO gt
127. No 40 2 pp 409 412 2001 3 53 Yaglou C P Riley E C and Coggins D I Ventilation Requirements H P amp A C Jan pp 65 76 1936 6 VOC 3 Vol 77 No 672 DD 65 70 2012 2 7 P 2007 56 5 5 1 2008 T S 5 1
128. 11 12 CO 1500ppm 1000ppm 9 1 9 11 1 4 3 3 3 1 3 2 WH 60 70
129. EU EU EU CEN I CN GN N EU
130. 100 100 96 100 98 98 85 98 98 98 78 99 84 100 75 100 75 99 78 99 0 59 36 73 6 5 4 3 2 1 H 2 8 5 8 8 3 5 1 3 1 HI OO ER SS 2 ES HS A i ESE EE EE EEE ES EE ee TT a IIIII2ZAKSSSKSN HE TN l c TH SS 4L 80 I fn 60 40 20 0 8 RH a 3 9 2 3 4 5 6 2 9 1 7 2 0 2 4 1
131. Do A B 3 21 2 CN A G CN B abe cdf 36 34 0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 3 20 2007 8 26 CN e 1900 40 1700 a 1500 9 1300 36 1100 900 34 700 A 500 32 32 34 36 38 40 C 3 21 2006 8 23 13 CN 36 4
132. 10 um Low Volume Air Sampler K 2 0 5 m s 5 XL 6 10 ppm 7 ON 8 30 2 8 100 ug m 260 ng m Ss TE A ER TS ce 8
133. CFD Vol 17 No 36 pp S83 587 2011 6 2 Vol 40 No 2 pp 95 105 1988 10 3 6 i A ET pp 1339 1342 2009 9 4 Harper G J Airborne micro organ1sms survival tests with four Viruses J Hyg 59 pp 479 486 1961 pp 2211 2214 2009 9 9 a 4 28 5 5 1 5
134. 0 0 arctan 4 2 10 26C 27C 28 3 Adaptive model 4 2 11 80 4 10
135. 3 4 3 5 3 6 4 43 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 5 57 5 1 5 2 4 1
136. 6 7 9 25C 30 C 30 30 12 1 2 20 15 20C 3 9 1011 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2002 2003 4 3 4 3 3 CO 4 3 5 12 1 3 CO gt 1500ppm 6 9 1500ppm 1000ppm 3
137. T pp 914 914 2003 9 2 3 4 9 4 5 4 2 4 2 1 2014 23 100
138. 5 3 11 21 2 5 3 12 5 3 13 22 3 1 MM a b 5 3 14
139. 2 4 1 5 300 600 m7h PC b a 300 m7h IIT 4 3 mh 1 1 1 IL a d 1000 ace 1 Dn 5 PE 5 dnn 2 n
140. 3 3 20 2007 8 26 CN alb e c df B 40 9 35 B A A 2006 8 23 13 CN 3 21
141. B ch6 A B 7 B 4 1 7 HY A ch3 ch4 0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00 8 22 8 23 a A HY lt C HY B 45 40 35 30 25 20 1 1 1 0 00 3 00 6 00 9 00 12 00 15 00 18 00 21 00 0 00 8 22 8 23 b B HY 4 3 8 2007 8 22 HY 4 3 4
142. 5 6 1 ES J IV pa m 1 mF 7 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 25 2000 CO2 Z0 1500 9 15 1000 10 500 9 0 10 9 ww 8 7 5 5 4 7 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 1200 13 00 1400 15 00 16 00 1700 3 2 CO 1999 11 26 WH 23 pori 96 100 0 go 40 160 60 70 140 120 0 0 100 90 120 80 140 60 160 40 20 180 20 10 200 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 C 3 3 WH 3 4 2000 HT HT
143. 6 ISSE a 4 3 1 Y RC 6 A 1998 3 Y 3 3 T Y Y 28C 80
144. ISSO Institute for Study and Stmulation of Research 89 Indoor climate in schools A B C 3 CEN CR 1752 3 90 2011 B 30 m7 h CO 1200ppm 1 3 3 3m7
145. 2006 2010 1 1 CN HT 2 HY 3 RC 2 2 2 A B CN 3 1 2 10 T amp D
146. Umwelt Bundes Amt UBA DIN German Social Accident Insurance Deutsche 3 6 Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung Spitzenverband DGUV 2008 UBA Indoor Air Hygiene Commission RK 2001 ISIAQ Task Force 3 20 m7 h
147. 4 4 2 4 4 1 3 Y RC 6 A 1998 3 3 3 1 4 4 1 23 44 m11 9 gg 2 1 41 1 a 36 37 35 7 0 11 20 37 1 30 9 33 Y 7 11 3 11 15 38 2 14 35 33 2 3 snnQ 2C1
148. HY 10 CN 3 15 8000mmx8000mm 3000mm 2500mm 2000mm HY 2 9000mmx7000mm 3000mm CN 2 2 600mm 1100mm 1700mm 3
149. 8 000 8 000 8 000 b Case D Z 1 700 3 000 1 Y c 5 4 5 2 Case A Case C FCU Case D Case A Case C 5 5 5 2 FCU W Case A FCU 3 740 Case B FCU 3 240
150. I pp 1007 1008 2002 8 4 1 pp 941 942 2003 9 5 1 41 No 44 2 pp 301 304 2005 3 6 2 No 44 2 pp 305 308 2003 3 7 1 I pp 933 934 2003 9 8 2 1 pp 935 936 2005 9 9
151. 1 2 13 3 2 0 5 2 5 2 1 1 9 10C 30 9 10C 30C 18 20 2 28
152. 15 3 6 CO gt 1500ppm 3000ppm
153. 5 Web 5 62 a 2 Case B a 3 Case C a 4 Case D a 5 4 a a b 2 Case B b 3 Case C b 4 Case D b
154. 8 9 22C 110cm 24 5 20C Scm 10C 110cm 50cm 1 2 Scm 1 4 4 1 2 11 B 110cm Scm 1 C 2 2 CG 4 1 i lt PY 4 1 1 B 4 1 3 C Aa CO gt 4000ppm 1500ppm 0 52 mg
155. 1 No 606 pp 43 50 2006 8 2 No 611 pp 45 5 2 2007 1 Vol 86 No 11 pp 1517 1527 2009 11 15 5 3 5 3 1
156. 2 8 1 5 6 5 8 8 1 2 80 3 70 4 5 40 55 5 8 1 3 70 2 4 S 50 60 NO 2 he 4 6 2 9
157. 240 ug m 3800 pgtm 220 ug m 0 10 mg m 1 m7 1 100 m 9 1 7 1 1 4 5 6 7
158. VOCs 200 E jf ae F 6 A 6 23 723 1 5 6 A 6 23 11 11 5 A 7 3 7 24 00 SS ea T 5 A 7 3 11 49 1 Y 6 A 7 11 7 20 90 a
159. 10C 14 2 F 6 A 4 4 15 30 4 4 F 6 A 2 47 4 4
160. 4 11 VOCs VOCs 80 L 6 A gt F 6 A T 6 A 60 1000 T 6 A T 5 A 40 T 5 A 9 Y 6 A Y 6 A H 20 bn Pe lt LL 0 00 F T 5 A T 6 A Y HR 1 0 SS 1 0 4 12 10 4 13 TVOC 51 2 4 10 T 6 A A VOCs 6 A A 6 A 8 6 A A
161. 6 A 30 65 70 18 g kg 30C 25 28C 30 809 30C 31C Y 32 2 F 4 3 5 4
162. VOC 4 2 3 VOC 1 8 3 TVOC 3 400 ng m 11 6 4
163. 2 5 4 3
164. 0 75 CO gt 0 70 200T A 2000 C eo O 0 oe 2 0 m a 1000 S ppm AT 500 4 4 LTT ppm 0 1 0 20 40 60 80 100 4oo 500 600 700 sa00 CO ppm 4 2 5 4 2 6 CO CO 4 9 0 4 2 2 1500 3 y Oh 31 82 898 a 1 0 016 x 100 3 h
165. 1998 1999 5 5 RC 64m 3m 999 7 8 WH 3 1 CO 8
166. 3 1 2 1 1 8000m 3000m 9 12 13 TVOC 3 1 3 3 1 2 1 0 15mgm 2 3 1000ppm 17 lt C 28 C
167. lt 12 6 A7 eg 10 12 1 5 15 18 21 24 27 30 2 16 T PMV 17 2 17 K PMV 30 26 22 4 PMV VMVY 18 14 2 A 10 6 7 9 10 12 2 18 96 A 100 A 25 26 27 28 29 30 3125 26 27 28 29 30 3125 26 27 28 29 30 31 8 C b C c C 2 19 18 X W PMV 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 C 2 20 Adaptiv
168. 286C 9 5 2 3
169. CO 2 2 H 6 30 60 7 CO 9 7 12 1 CO gt H RE
170. OT 21 25 OT 20C 26C OT 19 C 27C 21C 21C b 5 3 SC 21 23 20 24 19 25 15C 15C 4 32C 23 5 25 5 C 23 26C 22 27C lt gt lt gt c 32C 24 4C 24 4C 28C 28C 80h 80h mm EN15251 60 70 25 20 1 1 1 3 L sec 36 m h 25 2 m h 14 4 m7 h 3 3 1 3 L sec 2 S L 1 8 m7 h m 1 3 m7 h m 1 1 m7 h m L sec L sec 2 3 3 8 L CO 3
171. pp 737 738 2010 9 1 pp 771 772 2011 8 6 2 pp 773 774 2011 8 7 1 pp 715 716 2012 9 8 2
172. 5 1 errr 5 1 5 1 1 5 1 2 1 5 1 3 5 2 iee eee 5 7 5 2 1 a 5 2 2 5 2 3 5 3 ma CO ERP TE NNR MIRREN RP PUD Ds 5 16 5 3 1 5 3 2 5 3 3 gt 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 3 CO 1 4 1 5 1 6 2 oi 8 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 3 a aE EI EE ERE 21 3 1 3 2 3 3
173. 2 5 1 2 noe 1 own 4 2
174. 3 4 CO gt 5 3 N1 lt NS S1 S4 5 26 TT i N4 i vs S2 3 4 3 2 2 3650 3 5 ON
175. 2 5 2 1 5 2 1 0 1 m s 0 3 m s 1 0 3 m s 0 5 m s 0
176. 2 2 35 3 3 10 1 4 1 5 1 5 1 CO gt 30 1300 ppm 1 2500 ppm 1 5 10 CO CO 0 82 3000 1 5m high 2500 1 0m high 2 0m high 2 5m high
177. NM 0 NT 7 12 VOC TVOC VOCs VOCs VOCs 1 3 4 4 2 3 VOCS VOCs 4 4 3 VOCs VOCs VOC FF IO 170 5 VOC 4 4 4 E VOCs
178. 23 5 3 3 1 1
179. 3200ppm 4 1 b CO 1500ppm 4 S 1 c Case 2 Case T 2 1000ppm 4 5 1 d Case 2 CO gt 1500ppm T 4 25 0 9m s 0 5m s 8 8 E E4 _ 1 0 0 40 40 30 r 30 TN 2 2 2 20 20 0 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 a Case T 1 c Case T 2 CO CO
180. em 2 1 989 IP 2 2 2 2 NN RNN ee CE a 1 PR 1 3 100 4 5 84 73 6 09 3 6 1 2 3 5 5 13 4 25 6 36 4 PH
181. 1 CO gt 1500ppm 1 2 1500ppm CO 3000ppm CO 2 CO CO H 4 2 2 28C 55 30C 90 27C
182. 18 1 h 4 5 4 13 TVOC TT 6 A 3 TVOC 1862 pg m 3 160 260 ng m TV
183. 3 26 2007 7 2 1 40 3 2 3 HY 15
184. 4 The Building Regulatons SPR Building Bulletin 101 CO 1500ppm 1 3L s 2 SL 3 8 L 10 8 28 8 m7 h 1 28C 120h 2 C 3 32 Building Bulletin 87 2009 Communities and Local Government CLG BB101
185. 5 9 8 0 0 6 5 0 2 4 nA 9796 759 6 596 A amp 2 SRO RC 4 S X 2 9 100 100 w OO OO CN 9 4 9 G 6 rg 4 E GE 2 3 6 91 0l 6 8 IYT 4 2
186. 6 A TMB 10 h VOCs 4 11 T VOCs VOCs 6 A 3 4 12 F
187. 3 16 3 19 A bye inleoinion A ee 2000mm 1 g 1 g 350 350 300 300 B 250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 50 50 0 5 10 20 25 30 35 20 0 5 E 25 30 35 0 3 16 CN 1 3 17 HY 1 7 g 7 g 350 5 350 ey 300 300 B 250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 50 50 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 0 3
188. 30 1300ppm 1 2500ppm 4 1 4 10 CO gt CO gt 0 82 h ET ON EC Em om 1 1 1 ON EO nD 3 Roun hebght 30m AFTrmm ag 1 Eh Ter HFE EETIEF TET FE ET nnCBFitrgnm ml a 1 PH 1 1Bg Figght forml fhee pr ri a i 1 i PP a ET UE 4 1 4 CO 4 1 4
189. 3000ppm 4 18 4 4 4 4 1 RC
190. 4 5 1 T S 67 9 m lt x3 0 m 203 7 m 49m FCU GHP T on off Case T 1 Ed 1 Case T 2 4 5 1 Case 1 PR 4 5 1a Case T 1 9 35 CO 1500ppm 2300ppm 2
191. pp 717 718 2012 9 9 R J de Dear and G S Brager Developing and adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference ASHRAE Transactions Vol 104 Part 1 pp 145 167 1998 1 20 3 3 1 30 1 1990
192. HCHO 0 08ppm HCHO 0 08ppm Y HCHO TO6I26 30 2 6 A 6140 22 5 600161 0 ii 12 55 22 8 rr AKI i _ 9 12 45 21 9 1 16 55 31 6 16 00 20 3 a __ MD 16 40 32 0 16 20 20 3 1 10 13 6 0 0 6 00 33 1 00 21 0 5 45 14 7 0 45 31 7 13 00 21 2 EE 3 30 16 3 _ 9 45 19 5 7 20 32 2 0 NM ME MM 17 30 18 8 16 30 92 16 50 32 1 6 A 16 55 23 2 _ 14 40 14 39 0 8 00 31 6 gL 13 A025 a a a OO mm 2 18517 5 14 40 26 2
193. CO 15 800 A 2000 oA 2 1500 mm A 6 io hn ppm HER i 500 4 4 WA F 1 Lag 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 400 500 600 700 800 CO pm 2 12 2 13 CO CO 2000 4 2 3 h is0o 3 y 14d271 31 W w 1 IT 0016 x 100 3 h 000 i 0022 x 100 h m h 4 15x30 20x3 h 500 2 2x 379 y 62x 379 146nt
194. TVOC 4 22 4 4 4 1 1 VOCs a 2 TVOC TVOC 3 VOCs 4 VOCs 4 4 5 1
195. 3 44 F T Y T 6 A 3 3 1 1 2 2 CO HCHO AHMT VOCs GC MS SF
196. 80 25 SN NN 60 1 X 920 f NN 4o MK 5 A 6 A NN 10 7 3 11 20 1 30 4 2 TT 6 A 5 A 35 100 x 30 1 25 a 60 x a 20 CC 15 8 bs 20 10 5 0 7 11 11 15 2 14 4 3 Y 6 A 10C 18 20C 1 30 271 2 14 10 10C T A 10C
197. VOCs 1 VOC GC MS CO CO gt F HCHO F 45 4 3 1 1 4 1 3 9 00 15 00
198. 4 5 2 Case 2 S Case S 2 4 5 3 4 5 3 T 8 30 15 4 0g kg Harper 9 10mb 5 6 6 2g kg T 5 0g kg 800m h 400g h 5 6g kg 4 5 3 5
199. 5 4 b b c 1 Case A c 2 Case B c 3 Case C c 4 Case D c 5 4 a a 1 7 1 1C d 1 Case A d 2 Case B d 3 Case C d 4 Case D d 5 4 a a e 1 Case A e 2 Case B e 3 Case C e 4 Case D e 5 4 b b 5 5 g kg 63 1 CFD Vol 17 No 36 pp 583 587 2011 6 2 Vol 40 No 2 pp 95 105 1988 10 3
200. 4 4 1 6 1 MMieD6NRP th 2 CO 4000 ppm 3 4 4
201. 40 70 0 5m s 5 6 7 0 1mg m 2 1 75cm 150cm 1 3 1 6 1 9 30 1 3000m 8000m 1 3 6 7 7 C 3 1 3 HOOug m O08ppm H9976 13 8ugm 0O 03ppm MO02122 BZ6Opgm O07ppm BOO0626 87Opgm 020ppm BOO0626 B800ugm
202. 5 VOCs 6 VOCs 4 5 1 0 8 00 17 00 24
203. 5 A 2 A 6 A 43 4 1 B 23 44 11 B dg 2 1 41 41 2 36 7 35 1 7 0 11 20 37 1 a0 39 33 Y 7 11 3 1 15 8 14 35 ga 2 3 zQnQ 2C1 T 6 5 4 2 P 1 1 ER ee FT 3 FL Em EE EMI UE3
204. CO 10 CO gt 1300ppm CO gt 1500ppm 4 2 6 2 3 3 2 2 4 2 7 4 2 2 4 2 8 45 CO 500ppm 0 25 0 5 1 CO gt 1 CO
205. 2 1 2 2 6 2 5 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 RC 1 2 40 60 22206 6 1 2 18 10 gt 14 96 17 15 19 112 20 20 150 269 2 1 1 27 59 2 62 11 3 111 19 6 4 134 2406 5 212 3796 6 22 4 568 FE 199 6 5 9 102 2 2
206. 2011 3 M M _ 2 4 5 4 6 2 4 FT 1 6 2 4 2 4 0 3 Ha et tat tata 1 at a 4 2 4 6 1 3 5 1 3 5 2 1 2 CO 1 9 MM ue hm 4 5 2 4 a A 6 6 mW 8 54
207. C 4 2 11 Adaptive model T 4 11 1 Vol 74 No 641 pp 893 899 2009 7 pp 2043 2046 2009 9 1 pp 735 736 2010 9 4 2 pp 737 738 2010 9 R J de Dear and G S Brager Dev
208. 20 28C 40 4 6 1 9 2 4 _ 2 4 6 6 f f 1 2 4 6 2 4 6 1 3 5 1 3 5 4 2 1 2 CO gt 1 m 100 iF 80 2 PENN P ee NE 4 RP ND i tah ENN 0 WI NN i 1 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 C a b 4 2 2 H 4 2 4 4 2 1 4 2 3
209. 4 2 2 2 S T 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 2006 N H 6 2006 1 2009 3 3 4 2 3 T 2006 CO gt 4 2 1 1
210. m2 m CO ppm C 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 b Case T 1 d Case T 2 CO 4 5 1 4 5 2 30 80
211. 23 096 2596 SU96 7596 1009 _ 1 2 3 4 5 6 I a IV 68 ER EL IP CRORE OSE ER 1 GEE A I i PR 1 1 IL IV sw mm 7 00 8 00 900 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 3000 2500 1 2000 1500 1000 900 0 i i 7 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 3 1 CO 1999 7 8 WH 24 ppm 096 Z596 20 7596 100 1 2 3 4
212. 000 es 0022 x 100 h m h a 15x30 20x3 h 500 0 B 2 NN 2x 379 y 62x 379 146nt 48 0 2 4 6 9 3x 303 m 0 97m 32 4 2 7 2001 lt 2500 1501 2000 501 1000 i 96 0 25 0 EE a 5 m7 4 2 8 CO 4 2 7 4 2 9 T 9 10 12 PMV PMV 0 PMV 0 PMV PMV a OO PMV
213. B 110cm Scm 1 2 2 1 3 C CO 4000 ppm 1300 ppm 0 52 mg 10 CO 30 1 1 B 2 200 mn C C B lt 2 10 gt B lt 2 6 gt 100 a 20 30 11 C 1 2 1 3 CO 1 3 CC gt CO 7 9m 9 1m 3 0m
214. VOC 4 15 VOC VOC 2 Bthyl 1 Hexanol 2B1H 7 1 5000 FT W 9 5 WUD mo Ce r 0 99 10000 2000 1500 1000 0 gt VOC Concentration ug m MM Ce 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Age of building years 4 14 22 VOC 5 3 8 8 3 8 8G NN 6 S S LL mn UL 8 8 8 UL 4 G 6 G G G G gt 8 G 1J G 2 16 2 T 8 Sg 4 15 5
215. 33 1 2m SE 3 1 CN 8 14 2500 1409 Og 3300 A B amp 400 _ 2500 1400_ 8000 8000 CN 2 N Ox gt PP 3700 8000 3 15 CN 2 2007 HY 2 1
216. 5 15 2 9 es 13 05 30 7 2 10 30 11 8 T2530 D 17 30 21 7 16 20 8 7 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 14 C HCHO 30 15 HCHO 4 6 HCHO 4 VOCs GC MS 20 VOCs ET CO OO AN SINAN 7 12 VOC TVOC VOCs VOCs VOCs TT 773
217. 10 250 600 EE a 62 500 1 8 a 1 NO 1 E 400 ope 00U iu 7 MM Ia gt 4 1 a a a 1 300 i 100 oo 8 ee 0 0 1 a O 6 a KK gt LE g 8 0 8 2 a VOCs VO0Cs 4 4 3 VOCs 4 4 4 F TVOC VOCSs F 6 A F 6 A 6 A 1000 T 6 A 9 T 5 A BE Y 6 A Y 6 A H 0 1 00 F T 5 A T 6 A Y UR 1 0 y 4 4 5 10 KO fr gt 4 4 6 x
218. 10 1 LULUOELO cA J 1 8 300 00 EE KK KKK EKRKWR OW EK 3 T Ve TE od i IGE I RE En on 0o CO aa SS SS Sa 0 lt y i lt 1 3 lt EE gt lt So ee oy gt a 8 IS a BS 6 VOCs VO0Cs KO lt gt Y 4 8 VOCs 4 9 F NE TVOC VOCs 400 400 T 6 7 21 990 1 6 5 350 7 39 TVOC 1419F _ 300 aa 5 A 7 24 300 12 41 TVOC 59 250 200 150 100 2 50 0 m m a R 3 FE 1 3 F E NM g g VO0Cs VO0Cs FT lt 4 10
219. a 4 RE 0 0 b0 SS 1 e FF tH b Case S 2 5 3 5 3 5 4 FCU T 60 FCU
220. 3 7 CO 3 CO 3 12 12 1 3 CO gt 1500ppm 6 9 EE 1000ppm NMM 3 1000ppm 2000 3000ppm 3000 2500 2000 d 6 1500 pm 9101112 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2002 200 3 12 3 CO 31 8 2001 10 2002 3
221. 3 2 2009 4 4 1 41 1 3
222. 6 A 7 11 9 12 a 0 mm Nm ET Te gt 2 1L35 WB 2 ey nmy JP VOCs 4 7 3 VOCs T 5 A F 47 Y S0 VOCs 260ug m 240ug m 250 600 6 500 20 731 1 0 E sg
223. A 6140 22 5 1600 16 1 Ui 12 55 22 8 rr AKI i 4 12 45 21 9 55 31 6 20 3 a 4 40 390 20 3 IE10 13 60 00 33 1 21 0 15 45 dl A SS 31 7 5 27 9 13 00 21 2 EE 3 30 16 3 9 45 19 5 7 20 32 2 0 NM ME MM 17 30 18 8 16 30 9 2 16 50 32 1 6 A 16 55 23 2 0 14 40 14 9 8 00 31 6 x 2 a NE 1 2 15 175 14 40 26 2 nHSHSH H S SA A E a 5 15 274 a 18 05 30 7 GO 30 11 8 16 20 8 7 0 0 02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 1 0 12 0 14 ppm C HCHO 30 15 _ HCHO 2 VOCSs GC MS 20 VOCs EE TO
224. 5 2 Case T 2 S Case S 2 5 3 5 3 8 30 15 4 0 g kg Harper 9 10 mb 5 6 6 2 gkg 59 T S 3 0 g kg 800 m7h 400 g h 3 6 g kg TK 8 4 RE 0 40 60 5 x SH
225. HT 4 13 1 4 3 2 3 9 1 2002 7 2003 9 5 9 11 3 1 2002 7 140 273 173 140 120 100 80 60 40 h i 20 F 0 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2002 2003
226. 1 PE i I I a HH 2 I I FT 4 1 5 Ni 2 RG 3 VOC 4 2 3 VOC 11 6
227. 110cm 24 5C 20 5cm 10C 110cm 50cm 1 2 C Scm 1 4 0C 0 5C 3 B 19 6C C 17 3 A 16 9C 5cm B C 51 A 46 B 459 B A C 1 2 11
228. 200 Reference Exposure Levels REL Risk manasgement level Health Canada ASHRAE Standard 55S 62 1 EPA Health Canada 2003 6 1996 CP 13 2009 CP 13 SS 5532 SS 554
229. d Case T 2 CO 5 1 58 CO ppm CO ppm 5 2 30 80
230. 4 3 4 3 5 A F 700 8 20 8 35 8 35 8 45 8 45 9 50 30 cD Fj 8 3 nH S 2 cD FT HH VOC 2 3 1 40 12 20 4 VOC 5 VOC VOC 15 30 17 20 HCHO VOC VOC 17 30 I F VOC VOC IT cD CO Sn 1 1 VOCs
231. 4 3 2 TR 2 4 3 3 1 20C 15C 10C 20 S5C 40 60 25C 20 60 30 60 80 2 28C 100 80 60 40 9 20 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 C 4 3 3 4 14 3 3 4 3 4 3
232. 48 m2 0 97m 32 2 14 0 501 1001 1501 2001 p2501ppm 2500 2001 2500 1501 lt 2000 1000ppm 500ppm 2000ppm 200ppm CO 00 9 2 500 Ippml Ippml SS 90 EES Os HH 25 0 5 0 75 i 5 lt 2 lt 3 4 5 5 4 mr ie m2 a b K 2 15 CO 2 7 2 16 9 10 12 PMV PMV 0 PMV 0 PMV 16 2 17 K PMV PMV
233. Case C FCU 2 540 Case D FCU 640 a 1 Case A 5 d 1 e 1 1000 gh 800 mh 8 0 g kg Case B Case A S a 3 61 Case C CaseA 2C 5 3 c 1 c 3 Case A EDT 1 7 5 5 d 3 e 3 Case A 0 4
234. K 13 2 5 100 80 WN sr 40 oO 4 Ws RS 20 I e NANA ee 4 0 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 LC a b 2 8 100 1 I go Fr 60 40 20 NY t 0 12 16 0 C C a b 2 9
235. 0 88ppm MO00 12 15 B220pgm O05ppm BOO00 12 15 240pgm 0 04ppm BOOO626 TVOC 25C 400ug m 330ug m 0 04ppm 2001 7 5 1ug m 0 07ppb 0 1ug m 0 007ppb B3ugm 3 8ppb UNO 29ugm 0 02ppp BOO175 n 220pgm 0 02ppm 2000 12 15 2 120pgm 7 6ppp BOO175 2000 12 1S 2002 1 22 2000 12 1S 3 1 3 20 6 21 4 1
236. 00 14 40 6 A 1 5 4 1 3 5 35 100 30 g0 SN x 25 lt a 60 SA 0 amp J m oe Na yt 9 15 10 2 0 6 23 11 9 2 1 4 1 F 6 A 46 35 100 x 5 A 30 SA 6 A
237. 1 TT 6 5 4 19 4 4 3 1 HCHO 4 4 1 HCHO 30 1 HCHO 18 1 HCHO HCHO 0 08ppm HCHO 0 08ppm Y HCHO 6120 30 2 6
238. 2000 HN 2 9m high G 0 75m high 0 5m high ES 0 1m high 1000 Outdoor O1 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 18 00 Time 1 4 CO nc Entratinn nf Cs nhIT 1IHI TE 14 LD 1EHH 1HII gi gg CI geBHH zHH 3 rm TITh UTE of cehter TaIThT UTE of Fear Dhcehtration Height frorm the flnnr m 5 HH 15 tamharature FC 1 5 CO 4 1 4 2 1 6 500 600 m7h PC b a 17
239. 5 TMB 1 2 4 TMB 2 VO0Cs 4 4 2 3 VOCSs 4 4 2 Y oer nn VOCs 260ug m 870ug m 240ug m 4 4 5 F T 4 21 18
240. d 12 2 2 CO 1 2 3 T H 2009 CO gt 2 1 2 2 T 1 i 1 CO 1500ppm 1 10 2 1500ppm CO 3000ppm CO 2 CO
241. 0 OO C 1700 1500 9 E1300 96 1100 900 34 700 B B 00 X TE ji 32 32 34 36 38 40 4 3 7 2006 8 23 13 CN 4 16 2 A B B A 2 4 3 1 2007 9 20 10 15
242. 0 16 00 17 00 9 20 CN 96 100 80 60 7 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 3 22 2007 9 20 CN 37 CN 9 20 g 40 38 36 34 32 30 Tr A 28 B 26 7 00 8 00 9 00 10 00 11 00 12 00 13 00 14 00 15 00 16 00 17 00 3 23 2007 9 20 CN 3 2 9 20 10 15 CN HY
243. 1 1 1 3
244. 20 United States Environmental Protection Agency IAQ Tools for Schools http www epa gov iaq schools index html 21 Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assesment OEHHA Acute 8 hour and Chronic Reference Exposure Levels chRELs 2008 http www oehha ca gov air allrels html 22 Health Canada Exposure Guidelines for Residential Indoor Air Quality http www hc sc gc ca ewh sem pubs air exDOsure eXDOsition index eng DhD 23 Health Canada Indoor Air Quality 1ools for Schools Action Kit for Canadian Schools http Www hc sc gc ca ewh sem ar in index eng DhD 24 Ministry of the Environment Gundehnes for Good Indoor Air Quality in Office Premnses 1996 10 25 Minister for National Development Building Control Regulations 2003 26 SS CP 13 1999 Code of practice for mechanical ventilation and ar conditioning in buildings SPRING Singapore 2000 2 12 27 SS 553 2009 Code of practice for Air conditioning and mechanical ventlation in buildings SPRING Singapore 2009 10 28 SS 554 2009 Code of practice for Indoor ar quahty for arr conditioned buildings SPRING Singapore 2009 10 29 Vol 41 No pp 97 102 2007 5 3 2 1 AN CI ISSO 89 Indoor climate in schools Regulation of Energy Systems a ISSO89Indoorclimateinschools MM A PM25
245. 25 pe m M0 mm i I 1 12 5 mg m 10 7ppm 8 NM 15 wae 8 i SS wa CO2 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 800ppm 900ppm ca 1 200ppm aa 1800 mg m 984ppm NO RW II 30 0 35 mg m 7 0 06 mg m y oP OT 20 OT 19 3 KK 4K 19 26C 19 26 C 17 29C 226 gt 22 0 13 m s 0 16 m s 0 19 m s 0 16 m s 0 20 m s 0 23 m s C4 C11 C4 C11 2 mg m 0 2 mg m RW II RW I 0 6 mg m 0 26ppm 3 mg m 0 3 mg m 0 16ppm 0 3 mg m 0 03 mg m 0 2 mg m 0 10ppm 400 TVOC Bq m Level 1 0 3 mg m Level 2 gt 0 3 1 mg m Level 3 gt 1 3 mg m Level 4 gt 3 10 mg m Level 5 gt 10 mg m 500 UFC m 500 UFC m 100
246. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2002 2003 3 9 3 e 910 1112 1 2 3 45 6 7 8 9 2002 2003 3 10 3 30 6 3 2002 9 2003 7 3 11 30 70 30 2 gt CY kd A gt lt 74 lt pe 1 p 2 A N 9 gt 2 2 nA A AN 7 T 2002 2003 3 11
247. 4 4 0 5 CO gt 1500ppm 2 2 h 0 5 2 2 h 5
248. 50ppm CO S00ppm CO 800ppm 2 8 2 8 3 8L L sec L sec 5 L 3 6 3 6 8 L 1999 2003 2007 1I I T IV CO IO CO i 2 H J x CO CO gt NO 0 5 PMV 0 5 0 012 kgjo kgpA 65 0 25 m s HCHO VOCs a 10 cfm 7 5 cfm 2010 2010 3 2 1 1 OT 5 2 3 2 OT SET PMV lt 2011 9 LM ASHRAE Standard 55 ASHRAE Standard 62 1 SS 553 SS 554 50 wg m 10um PMio 100 wg m 0 01 cc IOppm IOppm 700ppm 1000ppm 1500
249. 6 36 13 0 20 40 60 80 100 2 5 96 1 33 2 31 3 24 4 31 5 21 6 32 26 0 20 40 60 80 100 2 6 2 4 3 2 7 1 11 4 2 3 12 3 4 4 6 12 2 3 4 7 8 2 3 6 3 6 9 1
250. C NN NN RG 6 9 CO 1500ppm 3000ppm 22 SET PMV 3
251. OC T 6 A TVOC 10 4 4 1 18 1 h 2 1 VOCs 52 57 3 TVOC TVOC 4 VOCS
252. UFC L H O CO 360ppm CO 360ppm CO 360ppm 30 m7 h m h m h m h CO 500ppm 55 CO gt 500ppm 40 CO 500ppm 25 m h m h m h 20 m7h m 15 m7h m 10 m7h m Guideline value RW HI RW 1 Building Decree 2003 25 m7 h CO gt 1200ppm Ministerio da Economia e da Inovacao 2006 3 2 2 lt EU gt 2011 9 The Education ildi Building Bulletin 101 School Premices EAI MM Schools Design Guidance Regulations SPR EE I I a I lI EE I ICO pm 500ppm A I I I I 0 5m 0 5m a 28C 1 18C PPD lt 6 PPD lt 10 PPD lt 15 lt gt 1C lt gt 1C 120h 2 28 0 2 PMV 0 2 0 5 PMV lt 0 5 0 7 PMV lt 0 7 18C 18C 120h
253. desamt de gesundheit e 1nnenraumhygiene richtwerte irluft htm 10 Innenraumlufthygine Kommnssion des Unwelt bundes amtes Leitfaden fur die Innenraumhygiene in Schulgebauden uidehnes for indoor air hygiene in school buildings 2008 8 11 ISIAQ Task Force on schools A Nordic approach Creation of healthy indoor environment In schools National Institute of Public Health Sweden 2001 6 12 ISSO Publicatie 89 Binnenklimaat scholen Rotterdam Stichting ISSO 2008 13 DS Danish Standard DS CEN CR 1752 Ventilation for buildings Design criteria for the indoor environment 2001 12 14 Statutory Instruments Education England and Wales The Education School Premises Regulations No 2 1999 15 Department for Education Building Bulletin 101 Ventilation of School Buildings 2006 7 16 Department for Education and skills Building Bulletin 87 Guidelines for Environmental Design in Schools 2nd Edition Version 1 2003 5 17 CLG project Ventilation in Schools Deliverable 13 Schools Design Guidance Integrating Ventilation Thermal Comfort and Daylight in Support of Building Bulletin 101 Version 1 0 2009 3 18 American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ANSI ASHRAE Standard 55 2010 Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy 2011 6 19 American Society of Heating Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers ANSI ASHRAE Standard 62 1 Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality 2010
254. e model T C oo Or 20 25 30 C 2 21 Adaptive model H 19 1 Vol 74 No 641 pp 893 899 2009 7 2 pp 2043 2046 2009 9 3 1 pp 735 736 2010 9 4 2
255. eloping and adaptive model of thermal comfort and preference 3 a ASHRAE Transactions Vol 104 Part 1 pp 145 167 1998 1 4 3 4 3 1 30C 1 1990 4 3 1 60 70
256. gkg a 4 Case D 20C 5 c 4 Case D EDT CaseC 1 EDT EDT tx tc 8 Vx 0 15 tx C tc C Vx m s EDT 1 7 1 1 0 35 m s 5 4
257. ppm 0 05ppm OT 24 26C OT 24 26 65 65 70 70 0 3 ms 01 03ms 0 1ppm 120ug m 100ug m TVOC 3000ppb TVOC 400 wg m 4 0 pCi 0 06ppm 500 cfm CFU m Cladosporium 10 CFU m2 500 cfm 100 m 2 8 L sec m 1 5 m 4 2 L sec 10 m7 h m2 X1 5 m 15 m77 h 4 2L sec 8 h 0 15 mg7m 1000ppm 17 28 40 70 0 5 m s 0 1 mg m 0 10 mg m 10ppm 1500ppm 0 06ppm 10 30 30 80 0 5 m s 100 ug m 260 ug m 870 ue m NO EE 2 2 ug7m 3800 ug7m 220 ug m 100 m lt gt 2 2 h
258. ut parameters for design and assessment of enerey performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality thermal environment lightung and acoustics 2007 9 2 CEN EN 13779 Ventilation for non residential buildings Performance requirements for ventlation and room condittoning systems 2008 7 3 Francesca R d Ambrosio Alfano et al Indoor Environment and Energy Efficiency in schools Part 1 Principles REHVA Guidebook No 13 2010 4 Maria Dias Joao Ramos and Moises Egido Contributions for the evaluaton of indoor enVironmental quality in Portuguese school buildings Roomvent 2011 Deutsches Institut fur Bautechnik DIBt Bauregelliste A Bauregelliste B und Liste C 2010 6 6 DIN 4108 7 Warmeschuts und PBnergie Binsparung In Gebauden Teil 7 Luftdichtheit von Gebauden Anforderungen Planungs und AusfGhrungsemptehlungen sowie beispiele Thermal insulation and enerey economy In buildings Part 7 Air tightness of buildings requirements recommendations and examples for planning and performance 2009 1 7 DIN BN 13779 Liftung von Nichtwohngebauden Allgemeine Grundlagen und Anforderungen an Liftungs und Klimaanlagen Ventlatton for non residential buildings Performance requirements for Ventilation and room conditionng systems 2007 9 1 1 S ASCV Arbeitsstattenverordnung Verordnung mit der Anforderungen an Arbeitsstatten und an Gebauden auf Baustellen festgelegt werden 1998 5 9 http www umweltbun
259. ve model 2 20 800 Adaptive model 2 2 21 1 6 C 0 4C 2 1
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