4 Land & Its People
Contents
1. Kamakura s Kotoku in Temple has a large statue of the Buddha Fao Se SS Wakayama does not have a high speed bullet train 10 The Japanese Constitution has 103 articles Transformation Drill 4 Change the following sentences as in the examples In this exercise you will invert the order of the transformation Example 1 There are four seasons in Japan Example 2 There are no rivers on Mt Fuji Japan has four seasons Mt Fuji doesn t have any rivers There are 28 national parks in Japan There is no sugar in this drink There is a special alcove called a tokonoma in Japanese style rooms There is no president in Japan There are automatic doors on Japanese taxis There are outdoor baths at many Japanese inns There are no toilets in a traditional Japanese bathroom There are about 80 active volcanoes in Japan PW ONANWAWN gt There is no professional baseball team in Shikoku 10 There is alcohol in sake 11 There are no flowers in a karesansui garden 12 There are a few glaciers in Japan WHY ARE THERE NO PEOPLE ON JAPANESE COINS ive many world currencies Japanese bills such as the one thousand yen note and the five thousand yen note have pictures of people on them But unlike many other countries particularly in Europe and America there arent any people on Japanese coins The recent exception to this custom is a commemorative coin issued in 2010 as part of a series to celebrate the 60th a2. afraid aware upset 7 amp He is an alive man WC RERBA CICMWSHAAbDHS This is sheer nonsense This nonsense is sheer HAWOMEBMANSCeC BROERZDSUWSMHS ile Tom is a responsible person 2 Bill is the person responsible 1 amp Tom AEB SRBC ERATZA THD CZ Chia Zid R lt BUBSORWDOSES UT Bill ZFEZEL iGo The castle is famous These cookies are delicious The city is large These buildings are old The results were good The quiz was easy The vegetables are fresh ONAMRWN gt These animals are dangerous X Elga How often do you eat out COC SIARLETD Example 2 The beaches are popular How popular are they p 42 1 The bridge is long 8 The bridge was crowded 2 The bridge is wide 9 The questions are hard 3 The bridge is high 10 The questions were strange 4 The bridge is far 11 The instructions were complicated 5 The bridge is old 12 The results are bad 6 The bridge is expensive 7 The bridge was dangerous Guided Statements 1 Work with a partner Use the CUES to make short exchanges as in the examples Example 1 your hometown big Example 2 the questions hard Is your hometown big Are the questions hard Yes it is Yes they are How big is it How hard are they It s very big They re very hard those boxes heavy the river wide the book long summer in Japan hot winters in Canada co
3. Does it snow in winter Tomoko Not very much But the nearby mountains get snow Helen When is the best time to visit Tomoko The best time is either in the spring or fall when it s neither too hot nor too cold Practice the above dialog with a partner Be sure to practice both parts Grammar Guide 22820 0 FAS X ESATI EADAE Eiig PRET SA RERA Attributive He is a happy boy live in a small town RERBA CBS Kanegai ga klih BSbHS The kangaroo is an animal native to Australia BC LU CRABS SK SNR FASE Predicative The boy is happy The town where live is small ESED E AFUE This town is small amp BRA Transformation Drill 1 Change the following sentences as in the examples Example 1 The mountain is tall It s a tall mountain Example 2 The beaches are popular They re popular beaches Example 3 The answer wasn t correct Tt wasn t the correct answer gyza 5z Grammar Guide How 833 8183 How t TEOSE EUSSEZKS FA BE FRR CaS EBS EAEk ORC ENEE CED SLY Cl S BKC BEZBNS x BSH How old is this temple MFIBORTSC COFILENK lt K SUBLET AI How far is it to the hotel MITILDECENK lt SUOFEHED HORTA Transformation Drill 2 Change the following sentences as in the examples Example 1 The mountain is tall How tall is it Talking About Japan Land and People s amp This is a small town C HZS LAL RERA ICISPARUVBZBIAHBDS alive awake
4. adj FETC HEE TE O seasonal adj ERN O second largest adj THICKE o series n HN o series n Hi O shape v A O sheer adj Ores O shrine n ARAL AER o site n EEH e t O standards n HE o statue n k O strange adj BTS TADIS O swing open v pikc NATHS o syllabary n FEK O syllable n HEN o total land area n FHA o totality n ELY o trek n fie CAT lt Ti o tropical adj AEO O upset adj DUT O urban adj ATO o volcano n KL o ward n is O weigh intrans v OH SDAA O weight n EX O World Heritage n EMERE p 56
5. East Asia gt Where is Japan located situated no oa etia Japan is located in East Asia The Atlas Mountains the Caribbean Sea The Bahamas South America Silicon Valley Europe Reading 1 Read the following passage silently and out loud Japan is an island nation located in East Asia This archipelago stretches nearly 3000 kilometers from Hokkaido in the north to Okinawa in the south It is made up of four main islands along with thousands of smaller ones Although the total land area is more than 377 000 square kilometers nearly two thirds of Japan is mountainous Consequently most of the country s 120 million people live in densely crowded urban areas Japan s location has played an important role in shaping its history and culture The country is near enough to continental Asia to have received much influence but it is also far enough from the continent to have avoided domination This balance between proximity and distance has permitted the Japanese people to develop their own distinct Asian culture Questions Answer the following questions based on the reading and your own knowledge Use FULL SENTENCES Where is Japan located What are some other countries located in the same region What are some other island nations in the world How many islands make up the Japanese archipelago How far is it from the northern most to the southern most Japanese islands How big is Japan About how many peop
6. Land amp Its People Preview Questions Discuss the following questions with a partner 1 Does the place where you live look like the one in this picture 2 Do most Japanese live in big cities or small towns 3 Do most people live in houses or apartment buildings 4 Is your hometown big or small 5 Is it famous What is it famous for 6 What are some major attractions in your town If a visitor came to your town where would you take him Dialog Practice Helen is asking Tomoko about her hometown Helen Tell me about your hometown How big is it Tomoko It s not very big But it s near the second largest metropolitan area in Japan Helen What s the population Tomoko Pardon me Helen How many people live there Tomoko In my hometown I d say about 300 000 people Helen That sounds pretty big to me At least it s bigger than my hometown Tomoko Maybe But by Japanese standards it s not that large Helen Is your town near the ocean Tomoko In Japan you re never too far from the ocean But yes My hometown is right on the ocean Helen Are there any beaches Tomoko There s a small beach but it s not so good There are better beaches farther south Helen What else does your hometown have Tomoko Well let s see It has a castle Helen Really That s pretty cool How s the weather Tomoko Well like most of Japan there are four seasons The summer is hot and humid and the winter is cool Helen
7. Statements 3 Work with a partner Use the CUES to make short exchanges as in the examples Example 1 Hokkaido Okinawa 3 500 km Example 2 Hokkaido Okinawa 5 hours by How far is it from Hokkaido to Okinawa plane It s about 3 500 kilometers from Hokkaido to How long does it take to get from Hokkaido to Olanawa Okinawa It takes about 5 hours by plane to get from Hokkaido to Okinawa Continue Expansion Che hotel he cieport 20 minmesari Discuss the following questions with the members of a 2 your house this campus an hour and a half by small group train 1 How long does it take you to get ready for 3 the hotel the beach 200 meters school in the morning 4 the foot of the mountain the summit 18 km 2 How long does it usually take you to get over a 5 here the next gas station 20 miles cd 6 here the nearest train station 20 minutes on 3 How long does it take to make an omelet foot 4 How long does it take to get a driver s license 5 How long does it take a bird to build a nest 6 How long does it take the fastest human to run 100 meters Talking About Japan Land and People p 53 The Kumano Kodo 82718 or Ancient Road to Kumano is a series of pilgrimage routes leading to the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano located on the Kii Peninsula in Japan The popularity of the route which connected travelers from the capital in Kyoto to the important shrines in Kumano goes bac
8. UDENT B Information Exchange In the next exercise you will work with a partner One of you will be Student A the other will be Student B For this exercise you will each have a sheet with a picture of some items on a desktop The pictures are similar but not entirely alike Taking turns describe the picture that you see using expressions that we have been practicing Use the objects that you see as a starting point Your goal is to find as many differences as possible So try to ask many questions Be sure to ask about the appearance of the objects as well Example You see Your partner sees Is there a pencil sharpener on the desk Yes there s a pencil sharpener on the desk Is it red No it isn t red What color is it It s blue Land and People p 47 Talking About Japan Dialog Practice A foreign woman is calling a traditional Japanese ryokan Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk Caller Clerk CAC HIS AIRE CO EWES Hello Is there someone there who speaks English How may I help your Oh thank you I was wondering if you have a room available for next Tuesday For how many people Just two my husband and me And for how many nights Just one night We do have a very nice room available on Tuesday Would you like to make a reservation Well first o
9. are even smaller Well first of all the floor in a Japanese style room isn t wood or carpeted It s made up of tatami The doors of a Japanese style room are also different They measure about 90 by 180 centimeters They slide open What are they called AAMAEERRS What are some other differences And how many are in a typical room Tatami are rectangular shaped mats made of straw How big are they How do they open Well for one thing they don t have hinges and don t swing open What are the biggest differences between a Japanese style room and a western style room There are two kinds of doors One is called a shoji and the other is a fusuma Talking About Japan Land and People p 52 Asking about time and distance with how A amp rb BEA stad How far is it from Osaka to Wakayama How long does it take to go from Osaka to Wakayama X PREZ fel lt tirom here i there Tokyo Osaka How far is Tokyo f Osaka rom your home your school Tokyois is 300 miles Osaka about 500 km in ts three hours by train Tokyo to Osaka x DD ARRZE lt wey 2 grom bere to there doyoutake doyoutake take iget Tokyo Osaka H long OW much time reach the top does he take read this book get ready learn a foreign language faboutl one hour 30 minutes ee Guided
10. ate Example 1 Japan mountainous Example 3 Japan s climate tropical Japan is very mountainous Japan s climate isn t tropical Example 2 Japan mountains Example 4 Japan tropical climate Japan has a lot of mountains Japan doesn t have a tropical climate Continue with the following CUES Japan volcanoes Tokyo crowded Japan deserts Kyoto popular among tourists Japan natural resources Nara old temples Japanese summers humid Japan an area of 380 000 kilometers three hundred and eighty thousand Osaka airports ace tee SS eS 0 Japan rainy in June 11 Japan s northern prefectures snow in winter 12 Tokyo 23 wards 13 Mt Fuji dormant volcano 14 the Japanese language prepositions 15 the Japanese writing system complex 16 Mt Fuji rivers 17 Okinawa very cold 18 my hometown an old castle Talking About Japan Land and People p 44 Transformation Drill 3 Change the following sentences as in the examples Example 1 Japan has four seasons Example 2 Mt Fuji doesn t have any rivers There are four seasons in Japan There are no rivers on Mt Fuji November has two national holidays This restaurant has a smoking section The J League has 17 soccer teams The one thousand yen note has a picture of Noguchi Hideo Japanese coins do not have famous people on them This book has 150 pages C 8 Kyoto has many famous temples om
11. ctures in Japan Continue 1 wards in Tokyo Challenge i o on oe EL Below are numbers that might be used to answer ss a a Mpa ae questions with How many are there 4 lakes around Mt Fuji f E oen ak Work with a partner Can you make questions for which a on a j these numbers would be the correct answers There may i N be more than one possible question for each 7 poems in the Man yoshu 8 national holidays during Golden Week 5A 53 180 3 9 kana in the modern Japanese syllabary 88g 366 42 195 26 Talking about composition 1P in Aa SZ X The following expressions can be used to describe the composition of something with multiple parts made up is composed comprised Japan four main islands Although some grammar experts say the expression is comprised of is wrong a misusage many speakers use It Examples gt This university is made up of three faculties Education Economics and Systems Engineering gt The U S government is composed of the legislative executive and judicial branches gt Oil exports comprise 80 of the country s economy gt The TOEFL test consists of four parts reading listening speaking and writing Talking About Japan Land and People p 51 Dialog Scramble Work with a partner Rearrange the following statements to make a complete dialog Practice the dialog That depends Typical rooms have either six or eight mats Some are bigger Some
12. f all I have some questions about your accommodations Certainly Are all your rooms Japanese style Yes This is a traditional Japanese inn And all our rooms are Japanese style That s good Are there private baths in the rooms No The guest rooms don t have private baths But there s a communal bathing area Is that a hot spring bath Yes it is Wonderful Does the room have a good view of Mount Fuji Although some of our rooms have a good view of Mount Fuji none of them is available next Tuesday I see However our inn has a lovely garden and your room would have a veranda overlooking that Okay We will be traveling by car Does your hotel have parking Yes there s ample parking for our guests Shall I book the room for you Or do you have any more questions Practice the above dialog with a partner Be sure to practice both parts Expansion Work with a partner Continue the previous converstation by imaging some other questions that the caller might ask Use your own ideas and the following pictures as hints kotatsu outdoor bath mini bar Talking About Japan Land and People p 48 Review 1 Work with a partner Match the information in the table japan Central Asia on the right to make questions and answers as in the The Alps the South Pacific example Mongolia California Vietnam North America The Great Lakes the Middle East Example Bolivia Africa S The Marshall Islands
13. isited any of the other places included in the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range Are there other World Heritage Sites in Japan Have you visited any of them If you were going to hike the Kumano kodo what would your plan be When would you go Where would you start e How far would you plan to walk e What other transportation would you use Etc Vocabulary o accessible adj ITA O bronze n EE o afraid adj ATA o bullet train n HIR O alcove n BEE O Mes AETERNA o castle n W o alive adj EET o climate n ule O ample adj eo SN BS O coast n Vale o ancient adj HAO O collectively adv FANC RENT O archipelago n JE O commemorative adj R0 o article n RX O communal adj Atta O automatic adj HEHN O complete w TRIA o available adj Hl FAT REZ O complicated adj AREIS o avoid v EIA O composition n And o awake adj iE CWC O comprise v PORA O aware adj aa CUS O constitution n meh O be made up of v dD OMS O contain v BO KNWS O book w FING O continental adj KED o branch n Fg e BOF O crowded adj BATOS Talking About Japan Land and People p 55 E currency n HE O dangerous adj JERRI O densely adv BEDAS O desert n abies O distance n PEE O distinct adj AI o divide v TIS ONS O domination n Ar Hil O dormant adj ESVEILHO Ro TWA o driver s license n ein Stat O ensemble n TATT O executi
14. k almost one thousand years i ae eZ In 2004 the Kumano Kodo was included along ay SS Va W KR with Mt Koya Yoshino and Omine in UNESCO s EN fy WAR Ne registry of World Heritage Sites Collectively they are Fans known as the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in yy the Kii Mountain Range The Kumano Kodo is famous for more than one hundred Oji or small Shinto shrines located along the various routes The Ancient Road to Kumano is in fact made up of three main routes known as the Iseji Kohechi and the Kiiji trails The latter extends along the western coast of the peninsula to the city of Tanabe where it divides into two routes the Ohechi which follows the coast and the Nakahechi which runs through the rugged mountain area in the center of the peninsula As in the past the Nakahechi remains the most popular route Today most pilgrims and hikers begin their trek at Takajiri dji accessible by a 40 minute bus ride from Kii Ianabe Station From there it takes about six hours to walk the 17 kilometers to Tsugizakura 6ji where lodging is available The first of the Grand Shrines the Kumano Hongt Taisha is located another 21 kilometers away Many visitors also like to refresh themselves at the Yunomine onsen an ancient hot spring located a short distance 3 5 km from the shrine From the Hongt Taisha travelers can choose to walk another two days overland to the Kumano Nachi Taisha or travel 40 kilometers by b
15. ld the train crowded the ocean nearby the beaches dirty the mountains beautiful 10 the castle old OONAUARWHN GrammarGuide JORREeRS gt WOARERTS DIC ROBXAD AKH CHB There is a castle in my hometown FOMDES 5S WORMS DANE N i EET has have Bass My hometown has a castle X IDEEA ENSS sno 0 iS NO there isn t aren t There in my hometown castles are no l ies a castle doesn t don t have 56955 My hometown doesn t have KAVITA L TOZI Id there is are DIBM K FAZAB She has blonde hair There is blonde hair on her Talking About Japan Land and People p 43 Q amp A Work with a partner Ask and answer questions using the following CUES Example aclock this classroom Is there a clock in this classroom or Does this classroom have a clock No there s no clock in this classroom an elevator this building a public telephone on campus hot springs your hometown a Japanese style room your house or apartment curtains a traditional Japanese room ae eS eS national holidays June Sentence Formation Combine the words in the following cues according to the examples Use the first word in each pair as the subject and the second term as the object of a true sentence Form the predicate by choosing the correct verb to be or to have Use modifiers such as a lot or very etc as appropri
16. le live in Japan Where do most people live PW ONANAWN gt Why do most people live in these areas 10 How has Japan s location helped shape its history and culture Talking About Japan Land and People p 49 X Using include and contain The verbs include and contain can also be used to describe the components of something gt Many snack foods contain lots of sugar gt This price includes the sales tax However include and contain are not necessarily as inclusive as the other expressions In other words if you are describing the complete or nearly complete composition of something you should not use include or contain If you are identifying some but not all or the principal parts you should use include Golden Week comprises Showa Day Constitution Day Greenery Day and Children s Day Golden Week includes Showa Day Constitution Day Greenery Day and Children s Day Golden Week comprises Children s Day Golden Week includes Children s Day One more point Because include and contain refer literally and figuratively to things found inside another For this reason it would be strange to say A dog contains four legs and a tail In this case we should use have Adog has four legs and a tail Guided Statements 2 Use the following CUES to make sentences as in the example Choose the correct expression to combine the info
17. nniversary of local government At that time a coin issued by Kochi Prefecture had the image of a famous local hero Can you guess who this was There are many U S presidents on U S coins British Canadian and Australian coins have images of Queen Elizabeth So why don t Japanese coins have people on them One interesting explanation says that there aren t any people on Japanese coins for fear that they might be stepped on if they fall to the ground which is less likely in the case of paper currency Talking About Japan Land and People p 45 INFORMATION EXCHANGE STUDENT A Information Exchange In the next exercise you will work with a partner One of you will be Student A the other will be Student B For this exercise you will each have a sheet with a picture of some items on a desktop The pictures are similar but not entirely alike Taking turns describe the picture that you see using expressions that we have been practicing Use the objects that you see as a starting point Your goal is to find as many differences as possible So try to ask many questions Be sure to ask about the appearance of the objects as well Example You see Your partner sees Is there a pencil sharpener on the desk Yes there s a pencil sharpener on the desk Is it red No it isn t red What color is it It s blue Land and People p 46 Talking About Japan INFORMATION EXCHANGE ST
18. oat along the Kumano River to the Kumano Hayatama Taisha aie KEY 2 aka P A OE Se ae gt Dees p f A 4 Tsugizakura oji Takajiri oji KEY umano Hayatama Shrine EEE Kumano Kodo Kiiji RRSP IRA AFL WN Kumano Kodo Nakahechi umano Nachi Shrine RESP ARES AL Kumano Kodo Ohechi WN Kumano Kodo Kohechi Kumano Kodo Iseji Talking About Japan Land and People p 54 mee Questions PONANAWN gt a a WN What is the Kumano kodo Where is it located What three shrines make up the Three Grand Shrines of Kumano How many routes make up the Kumano kod How old is the Kumano kod6 Which route follows the coast from Tanabe to Nachi Which route is the most popular Where do most visitors begin their trip along this route Which route connects Mt Koya to the Kumano Hongt Taisha How can they get there How long does it take What is an Oji How many of them are there along the Kumano kodo How far is it from Takajiri oji to Tsugizakura oji How long does it take to walk from Tsugizakura 6ji to Kumano Hongt Taisha What is the Yunomine onsen Where is it located 14 How can a traveler get from the Kumano Hongt Taisha to the Kumano Hayatama Taisha Expansion Discuss the following questions with the members of a group oe ee a Do you like hiking Have you ever hiked the Kumano kodo Would you like to Where are some other good places to hike Have you ever v
19. rmation Example 1 Japan 47 prefectures Example 2 a bicycle two wheels Japan is made up of 47 prefectures A bicycle has two wheels Continue 1 the United States of America 50 states the District of Columbia and five territories 2 the Kinki Region of Japan the prefectures of Mie and Wakayama 3 a haiku seventeen syllables 4 a haiku a seasonal word or kigo 5 the modern Japanese syllabary 46 characters or kana 6 the Japanese writing system kanji hiragana and katakana 7 the Ry ky archipelago the Okinawa Miyako and Yaeyama islands 8 the Yaeyama islands Iriomote island 9 a Noh musical ensemble three drummers and a flautist 10 this university a faculty of education 11 a shamisen three strings is 12 an English sentence a subject and a verb Talking About Japan Land and People p 50 Usage Guide How many much How much How many 4 Sc As SSfl CHS How many brothers do you have It costs 25 have two brothers How much time do you need We need another 10 minutes How many students are there in this class There are more than 20 students in this class How much does this hat cost Q amp A Work with a partner Use the CUES to ask and answer questions as in the example Use the following table for your answers Example prefectures in Japan How many prefectures are there in Japan There are 47 prefe
20. ve adj THO O exports n Hin O extend v IKI O faculty n Pu ARI OO figuratively adv FERRAZ o flautist n JV Z O glacier n IKI O go back to exp HIS o hinge n Wee O hot spring n R O humid adj AOSV O imperial edict n a o inactive adj TERIA Cld7V o include v Er o inclusive adj BOC AAD o influence n ee O instructions n DEME o island nation n BE o issue v FT KTA O judicial adj TE GIE O o latter n REI O legislative adj WED o literally adv VESEY o locate v fies o location n UE O lodging n favor O metropolitan adj KATO O mountainous adj OB O national holiday n EIROMA o native adj REO gt tO O natural resources n KAA O nearby adj I lt DO O nest n ES O nonsense n Rea pared O not necessarily exp BF LEWC O note n AL AS Talking About Japan Land and People O overland adj PERRO O particularly adv EDDY O pencil sharpener n H O peninsula n E O permit v StH HREICS 4 O pilgrimage n WAL O play an important role v FERRALS O poem n anf aA O prefecture n IR GRETE O preposition n Alla O principal adj EEA O private adj ll ABZ O proximity n fire OCE O refresh v TUM CRORT O refresh v RRERINCTS O reservation n FH O responsible adj ADDA fa CES O restore v BEES 4 O results n MR O rugged adj ROHS O rugged adj ROHS O sacred
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