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Contents
1.2. Nakai 1940 1968 1969 220Rn
3. 10
4. RD 0 OS
5. 4 4 226 1600 9 228 MsTh1 5 75 224 ThX 3 66
6. GM 2 a 20 554 1 HH S OP APW e LL ok TTY AKA TTP ae er mm LCT YY TTYTTYY Tre ie o 0 i 1 2 a GM 2 2 p Es b NR EE i 1 8 2 s N
7. 3 28
8. 1959 Sasaki and Minato 1982 1963 Ichikuni 1966 1995 9 1 2 3 3 4
9. R SI C kg rad rem SI Gy Sv lt
10. Yilgarn Block Th U 1 5 228Ra 226Ra 3 10 6 1 226Ra 223Ra 21 4 3 3 Dick son 1985 228Ra 226Ra 228Ra 223Ra 224Ra Manitoba Gascoyne 1989 38Bq 1027X10 2gRa 1
11. 1909 1912 1911 1990 1 1990 2000 10 3
12. D0 7 226Ra 1600 228Ra 5 75 239Th 232Th Moore Chesapeake Delaware 228Ra
13. 30 20 21
14. 2 1981 3 226 0 10 1 27 X10 gRa g 1953 0 02 0 03 X10 gRa g 1953 1 3 X102 2Ra g Eisenbud and Gesel 1997 1 37 0 17 X10 gRa g 1953 0 51 005 X10 gRa g 1953 0 38 0 03 X10 gRa g 1953 057 0 08 X10 gRa g 1953 0 71 X10 gRa g Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 1 08 X10 gRa g Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 0 42 X10 gRa g Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 0 4 X10 gRa l Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 1 80 X10 gRa l Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 0 37 X10 gRa i Eisenbud and GeselI 1997 1 36 X10 gRa l Eisenbud and Gesel 1997
15. Petrow and Allen 1961 Petrow et al 1964 2 214Bi 226Ra 228Ac 228Ra 208 1 224Ra y 3 Megumi and Mamuro 1974 Elsinger et al 1982 McCurdy and Mellor 1981 y 224Ra 226Ra 2 y 228Ac 228Ra 226Ra 228Ra 228Ra 228Ac Koide and Bruland 1975 228Th 228Th 228Ra a Moore 1969 4 226 1978 2 mBq kg 55 1 49 X10 gRa kg 22 0 59 X10 gRa kg 15 0 41 X10 gRa kg 6 5 0 18 X10 gRa kg
16. MM Ma 1999 18 MM 1 2
17. 7 VA 2000 10 1 6 FAERIE C0 UNIVERSITE DE PARIS LABORATOIRE DE CHIMIE PHYSIQUE 192 60 8
18. Langmuir and Melchior 1985 Gas coyne 1989 Landa et al 1991 1976 a 26Ra 228Ra 1990 U S EPA 554 1 Cothern and Rebers 1990 1976
19. 1m 1kg 1
20. 5 1968 x10 gRa Novyj Groznyj 106000 146000 Grosny 18300 Uchta 7400 Volkenroda 5500 Gebra Lohra 2200 heidelberg 1790 Rossleben 1430 1260 Kreuznach 930 726 688 673 Starobelsk 610 Saratoga 516 483 Sollstedt 450 382 111 97 94 84 76 3 73 1 72 69 1 65 62 8 59 2 58
21. 554 5 X
22. 1X10 mgRa kg 10X10 gRa 1 20 X10 0Ci kg 30X10 9Ci kg 111Bq 1 x 25 30 182 X10 9Ci kg 25 182X10 Ci kg 2000 10 6 1975 2 1 2 52 4 1 1 92 1 5 6 97 6 2 1 27 4 2 2 2 51 4 2 1 1 133 1 11 17 69 25 4 5 47 11 4 3 37 8 2 6 28 21 5 2 14 14 4 2 12 63 19 1 13 8 5 12 39 31 16 29 35 83 3 5 14 36 2 8 54 15 8 35 59 59 2 37 5 2 6 4 21 19 2 3 16 19 1 2 54 4 1 1 25 30 182 X10 Ci k
23. a b c NE IM 1 1 30 3
24. 223 AcX 11 435 14 8 225 219 221 225 227 229 230 226 226 222 A B C A RaA Po 218 218 B RaB Pb 214 14 C RaC Bi 214 214 C RaC Po 214 214 554 C RaC TL 210 210 D RaD Pb 210 210 E RaE
25. p 108 129 1975 134p 2 lg 1
26. 1998 Isotope News 524 p 22 25 525 p 28 31 Chung Y C 1976 Earth Planet Sci Lett 32 p 249 257 Cothern C R and Rebers P A 1990 Radon Radium and Uranium in drinking water 286p Lewis Pubjishers Inc Michigan Dickson B L 1985 Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49 p 361 368 Eisenbud M and Gesell T 1997 Environmental radjoactivity 656p Academic Press California Elsinger RJ and Moore W S 1980 Earth Planet Sci Lett 48 p 239 249 Elsinger R J and Moore W S 1984 Estaarine Coastal and Shelf Science 18 p 601 613 Elsinger R J King PT and Moore W S 1982 Anal Chim Acta 144 p 277 281 Gascoyne M 1989 Appl Geochem 4 p 577 591 1981 Radioisotopes 30 p 618 627 Ichikuni M 1966 Bull Chem Soc Japan 39 p 898 901 Ivanovich M and Harmon R S 1982 Uranium series disequi jbrium Application to environmental problems p 199 Claren don Press Oxford 1968 6 p 18 28 p 112 114 p 165 168 1869 7 p 16 24 p 109 114 1996 508 p 48 61 1997 Isotope News 517 p 18 21 Koide M and Bruland K W 1975 Anal Chim Acta 75 p 1 19 Landa E R Phillips EJ and Lovley D R 1991 Appl Geochem 6 p 647 652 Langmuir D and Melchior
27. 226Ra Winyah 226Ra 229Ra Moore 1981 Elsinger and Moore 1980 1984 228Ra 0 33 1 2dpm cm lt y 226Ra 0 3 Elsinger and Moore 1984 Li and Chan 1979 Santschi et al 1979 Chung 1976 Yamada and Nozaki 1986 228Ra 10 200km Mississippi 226Ra Hudson Pee Dee Ama zon 2 5 Moore and Scott 1986 Paul and Pillai 1986
28. 1 FEEIXSBEH SS T GM EA 6 Ge S GeQ0 CTe lt 2 5 K EDEECl 8 AD CR 39 RW Ha 3 3 NeC PO 5 9 MM LiF CaF 2 2 SN OE yr 2000 10 20 3 a b
29. 22 2 1 3 w 100 3 w 3 e 2 C w Si 7 Ge 3
30. 3 1 1898 4 12 Gustave Bemont 1998 8 0 1g 5 9 EN OR
31. 2 3pCi 226Ra 554 1 2 5 20
32. 554 17 29 2000 10 Chishitsu News no 554 p 17 29 October 2000 A 1 1 1996 100 1998 100 1899 9 1902 1903 1 1996 1998
33. 2 19 X10 12 gRa l Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 0 55 x10 12 gRa l Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 0 12 X10 gRa t Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 Os ee PP Amazon 0 009 0 0009 X101 5Ra l Ivanovich and Harmon 1982 Mississippi 0 03 0 003 X101 gRa l lvanovich and Harmon 1982 Hudson 0 004 0 03 X10 gRa vanovich and Harmon 1982 St Lawrence 0 002 x10 gRa 1 Ivanovich and Harmon 1982 Ganges 0 091 0 013 X10 gRa ivanovich and Harmon 1982 Godaveri 0 023 0 003 X10 gRa lvanovich and Harmon 1982 Krishna 0 023 0 003 X1012 gRa lIvanovich and Harmon 1982 Sabarati 0 041 0 006 X10 gRa lIvanovich and Harmon 1982 10 0 037 0 138 X10 gRa Ivanovich and Harmon 1982 Mexico 0 013 0 135 x10 sgRa t Ivanovich and Harmon 1982 3 SPP a TTL 9 0 03 008 X10 gRa l 1975 0 03 X10 gRa l Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 0 06 008 X10 gRa 1975 lt 370m 003 0 09 X1012 gRa l Koide and Bruland 1975 3000m 0 17 X10 gRa l Koide and Bruland 1975 2000 10 1 Petrow 211Pb 223Ra 212Pb 224Ra 228Ac 228Ra
34. Ci SI Bq 1 1 dps decay per second 1 1 3 7x10 g mg w g ppm parts 2000 10 1959 4 p 255 276 1963 14 88 1973 21 24 1990 24 p 79 83 Yamada M and Nozaki Y 1986 Mar Chem 19 p 379 389 1998 Isotope News 529 p 24 25 KANAI Yutaka 2000 Geochemistry of Radium 2000 4 10 gt per milion mg kg g g 109 ppb parts per bil lion gg g kg 109
35. 1 55 2 49 1968 1 1 000 10 gRa 1 1 2 Th 230 Th 230 4 273 7 100 X1012 gRa kg Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 31pCi 27pCi
36. 5pCi 1 5X10 2gRa 1 60 000 500 1 000 990 100pCi 1 226Ra 0 4pCi 1 228Ra 0 7pCi 1 3 8 10 Ba Pb SO 1973 1990 1906
37. 56 1 51 X 10 gRa kg 46 1 24 X10 gRa kg 6 6 0 18 X101 gRa kg 27 0 73 X101 gRa kg 81 2 19 X10 gRa kg 88 2 38 X10 gRa kg 69 1 86 X10 gRa kg 7 3 0 20 X10 gRa kg 2 0 05 X10 gRa kg 85 2 30 X10 gRa kg 30 0 81 X101 gRa kg X10 gRa kg pCi kg 0 037Bq kg Eisenbud and Gesell 1997 6 4 226 1600 228 MsTh1 5 75 3 ppt 10 gRa g 3 1012 Hl WE HH SH SH 1 LON HE NT LTJHAHH ND NT AU 2 y 6 1 a 10 0 100 2
38. Bi 214 214 E RaE TI 206 206 F RaF Po 210 210 G RaG Pb 206 206 5 2 6s26p67s 2 Mg Ca Sr Ba Ra 1 226 Ca Ca Ba Pb Ra 2 y
39. a 3 1 1997 POT RS100 4 0 i 100 4 1998 1867
40. D 1985 Geochim Cosmochim Acta 49 p 2 423 2 432 Li Y H and Chan L H 1979 Earth Planet Sci Lett 43 p 343 350 McCurdy D E and Mellor R A 1981 Anal Chem 53 p 2 212 2 216 Megumi K and Mamuro T 1974 J Geophys Res 79 p 3 357 3 360 1975 6 Moore W S 1969 Earth Planet Sci Lett 6 p 437 446 Moore W S 1981 Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 12 p 713 723 Moore D G and Scott M R 1986 J Geophys Res 91 p 14 317 14 329 1953 XVIL 1 Nakai T 1940 Bull Chem Soc Japan 15 Supplement p 333 426 Paul A C and Pillai K C 1986 Water Air and Soil Pollution 29 p 261 272 Petrow H G and Allen RJ 1961 Anal Chem 33 p 1 303 1 305 554 1 Petrow H G Cover A Schiessle W and Parsons E 1964 Anal Chem 36 p 1 600 1 603 Santschi P H Li Y H and Bell J 1979 Earth Planet Sci Lett 45 p 201 213 Sasaki N and Minato H 1982 Miner J 11 p 62 71 1995
41. g 25 182 X10 9Ci kg nifty FONSEN 97 2000 3 6
42. radium radius radiation 2001 1 2000 10
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