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Lahey/Fujitsu Fortran 95 User's Guide

1. Window Menu The table below lists the Window menu commands Table 26 Commands in the Window Menu Command Function Displays all open windows so that they overlap Cascade revealing the Title Bar for each window Displays the listed coverage information from left to Tile Horizontally right Displays the listed coverage information from top to Tile Vertically bottom Arranges all the icons along the bottom of the win Arrange Icons dow Close All Close all open windows Note the Window menu is displayed only if coverage information is being displayed Help Menu The table below lists the Help menu commands Table 27 Commands in the Help Menu Command Function Help Displays the Coverage Tool help topics About Coverage Displays version information for the coverage tool 128 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Using the Coverage Tool Using the Coverage Tool To compile a source program for the collection of coverage information you must specify cover as an option at compilation If the source program is compiled without the cover option specified coverage information is not collected The coverage functions are listed below e Collecting coverage information e Displaying coverage information Collecting Coverage Information To collect coverage information run the program once Do the following to collect the informatio
2. MOD path Module Path Compile only Default current directory Specify mod path to instruct the compiler to search the specified directory for LF95 module files MOD New module and module object files will be placed in the first directory spec ified by path Note that any module object files needed from previous compilations must be added to the LF95 command line Example LF95 modprog mod obj othermod obj mod mods othermods In this example the compiler first searches mods and then searches othermods Any module and module object files produced from modprog 90 are placed in mods O0 and 01 Optimization Level Compile only Default 01 Specify 00 to perform no optimization 00 is automatically turned on when the g option or the chk option is specified see N G on page 23 Specify 01 to perform full optimization O filename Object Filename Compile only Default name of the source file with the extension OBJ Specify o name to override the default object file name The compiler produces an object file with the specified name If multiple source file names are specified explicitly or by wild cards o causes the driver to report a fatal error OUT filename Output Filename Link only Default the name of the first object or source file with the EXE or DLL exten sion The output file is not automatically placed in the current directory By default it is placed in the same
3. 17 Linking Rules 0 eee ee on s 37 Fortran 90 Modules 00 0 eee ee eeeeeeeeeees 37 Searching Rules eee eeeeseeeeeeeee 37 Object File Processing Rules 00 0 37 Library Searching Rules ee 37 Mixed Language Programming 0 0 38 Using DEES ia ie cseccte eich ives 38 What Is Supported o00 eect eeeeeee 39 Declaring Your Procedures eee 39 Building Fortran DLLs ee 40 Calling DLLs from Fortran 41 Passind Dataisccvecsscet cesses aececestewetoeteds 41 Delivering Applications with LF95 DLLs 41 Fortran Calling Fortran DLLs 41 C Calling Fortran DLLs ee 42 Fortran Calling C DLLs ee 42 Referencing DLL Procedures 42 Microsoft Visual Basic Information 45 Borland Delphi Information 0 47 Delphi Calling Fortran oo eee 47 Fortran Calling Delphi DLLs 48 Examples sencesa na 48 Calling the Windows API 48 Static Linking s eeeseeeeseeeeeeseeeesssrerrsrsserrrerees 49 OpenGL Graphics Programs 0 eee 50 Recommended Switch Settings 50 Editing and Debugging with ED 51 Setting Up and Starting ED 51 StAQOUP osiinsa ao se tek cen seiek 51 Exiting ED rare rea E 52 The ED Sereen enna eT E 52 The Menu Bat oo eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeees 52 The Status Bate ee ee eeeeeeeeceeeeeees 53 The Text Barr oree a reaR ER RT 53 LOO Dats nei n e EA RS SERS 53 The Window Bat eeeececeeeeeeeee ees 54 Getting Help n
4. set FULOBF 64 Example 2 Direct Access Input Output Statements When direct access input output statements are executed for unit number 10 the number of Fortran records included in one block is 50 The input output work area size is obtained by multiplying 50 by the value specified in the RECL specifier of the OPEN statement set FULOBF 50 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Hours Lahey Computer Systems takes pride in the relationships we have with our customers We maintain these relationships by providing quality technical support an electronic mail e mail system a web site newsletters product brochures and new release announcements The World Wide Web site has product patch files new Lahey product announcements lists of Lahey compatible software vendors and information about downloading other Fortran related software In addition we listen carefully to your comments and suggestions Lahey s business hours are 7 45 A M to 5 00 P M Pacific Time Monday Thursday 7 45 A M to 1 00 P M Pacific Time Friday Telephone technical support is available 8 30 A M to 3 30 P M Pacific Time Monday Thursday 8 30 A M to 12 00 P M Pacific Time Friday We have several ways for you to communicate with us e TEL 775 831 2500 PRO version only e FAX 775 831 8123 e E MAIL support lahey com e ADDRESS 865 Tahoe Blvd P O Box 6091 Incline Village NV 89450 6091 U S A Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Gui
5. Example a exe W1 Rm errors txt Ry Enforces Y2K compliance at runtime by generating an i level information diagnostic when ever code is encountered which may cause problems after the year 2000A D Must be used in conjunction with li option in order to view diagnostic output Example a exe W1 Ry 1li T or T u_no Big endian integer data logical data and IEEE floating point data is transferred in an unfor matted input output statement The optional argument u_no is a unit number valued between 0 and 2147483647 connected with an unformatted file If u_no is omitted T takes effect for all unit numbers If both T and Tu_no are specified then T takes effect for all unit numbers Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 147 Chapter 12 Runtime Options 148 Example a exe W1 T10 a When the a option is specified an abend is executed forcibly following normal program ter mination This processing is executed immediately before closing external files Example a exe Wl a d num 1 The d option determines the size of the input output work area used by a direct access input output statement The d option improves input output performance when data is read from or written to files a record at a time in sequential record number order If the d option is speci fied the input output work area size is used for all units used during execution To specify the size of the input output work area for individual units speci
6. There are two ways to start the Coverage Tool 1 From the Windows desktop icon 2 From the Windows command prompt Starting from the desktop icon Start by double clicking the Coverage Tool icon on your Windows desktop if you chose to have an icon at installation time otherwise start it from the Start Programs menu Starting from the Command prompt Type COV followed by the lt Enter gt key Terminating the Coverage Tool In the coverage window terminate the coverage tool by selecting the Exit Coverage com mand from the File menu Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 125 Chapter 9 The Coverage Tool Coverage Window See the figure below for the coverage window ae Fujtitsu Workbench Coverage _func_1_ iof x File Coverage View Window Help lalala ale 2 Call Segment Passed 1 166 66 4 86 66 4 86 66 4 _RA_AA go to 6611 6 26616 ivfail ivfail 1 1 6611 continue ivtnum 2 ivcorr 5 call sn762 2 1 2 6 i12d661 1 46626 if ivcomp 5 20626 1 16626 ivpass ivpass 1 go to 6621 26626 ivfail ivfail 1 1 6621 continue ivtnum 3 Ready YW The above figure illustrates the following items 1 The Toolbar which contains icons that activate frequently used commands These com mands can also be executed from the Menu Bar 2 The Status Bar which displays an explanation of each menu command Coverage Menus The coverage menus are outlined below 126 Lahey Fujitsu Fortra
7. c ad e 3 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 59 Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED Compiling from ED 60 Compiling Your Program There are two ways of compiling your program while in ED You can click on the Lahey LF95 button from the toolbar or select Tools Programs Lahey Fujitsu LF95 Run When you do so a window will appear that captures the compiler s output and shows the compiler s progress through your source file Pressing the F4 key will tile the source and compile windows Alternately you can select the DOS button and compile as described in Developing with LF95 on page 11 Redirecting the compiler s output to the errs iii file where iii are your initials will enable you automatically to locate errors in your source as described below Locating Errors ED automatically synchronizes your program source with errors detected by the compiler To browse through errors choose Goto Next Error orGoto Previous Error click on the next or previous error button on the toolbar or press Alt UpArrow or Alt DownArrow ED automatically moves the cursor to the appropriate location in your source file Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Changing Compiler Options Changing Compiler Options To change the LF95 compile line used by ED select ToollPrograms then select the General radio button then select Lahey Fujitsu LF9S5 IEdit The following variables may be used in the Command L
8. Controls keyboard emulation cursor movement and insert replace behavior Safety Controls how backup copies of your source file are kept Locking Controls how files are locked when accessed on a LAN Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Command Line Debugging with FDB FDB is acommand line symbolic source level debugger for Fortran 95 C and assembly pro grams Use FDB if you feel more comfortable with a command line debugger than with the WinFDB Windows debugger or if you need access to debugging commands not available in WinFDB Before debugging your program you must compile it using the g switch see Compiler and Linker Switches on page 13 The g switch creates an additional file with debugging infor mation this file has the same name as the executable with the extension ydg Debugging cannot be performed without the presence of the ydg file in the same directory as the exe cutable file FDB cannot be used on LF90 executables Starting FDB To start FDB type FDB exefile Where exefile is the name of an executable file compiled with the g option Commands Commands can be abbreviated by entering only the underlined letter or letters in the com mand descriptions For example ki11 can be abbreviated simply k and oncebreak can be abbreviated ob All commands should be typed in lower case unless otherwise noted Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 67 Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FD
9. Delete c 90 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Displaying Registers Displaying Registers Do the following to display the register contents 1 Select the Registers command from the Debug menu The current register contents are displayed in the Registers window see the figure below Registers x 6x 66666666 6x468b1624 6x 66668 666 6x 666066666 6x 66666623 6x 666066666 6x 6666666c 6x 66066664 6x6612Fe54 6x 6666661b 6x 6612Fd58 8 1183518756 32768 8 35 8 12 4 1244756 27 12445 84 6 D 6 I 1 Displaying a Traceback Do the following to display a traceback 1 Select the Traceback command from the Debug menu The current traceback information is displayed in the Traceback window see the figure below i Traceback Ea 6 6x6646013cd m3gswh24 0x351 at line 71 in 1 0x004015ae c_test Ox2e argu char 6x66 2 6x66403145 MAIN 6x1b9 at line 16 in d Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 91 Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinFDB Displaying a Load Map Do the following to display a load map 1 Select the Map command from the Debug menu The current loaded modules are displayed in the Map window see the figure below Size File Name 6x 6665a3a60 tp1 exe 6x 6663ba66 ADVAPI32 d11 6x 6664d266 RPCRT4 d11 6x 6665 He 66 USER32 d11 6x 66628466 GDI32 d11 6x 6605b466 KERNEL32 d11 6x77F61666 6x 66656266 ntd11 d11 Entering FDB
10. for instructions on how to use Automake Debuggers For Windows console and GUI applications use FDB or WinFDB to debug your code See Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FDB and Chapter 5 Windows Debug ging with WinFDB Driver Use the driver LF 95 EXE to control the creation of object files libraries execut able programs and DLLs LF 95 EXE is often referred to as the compiler bit it is actually a driver that invokes the compiler linker and other components used to create executables libraries and other products The remainder of this chapter focuses on the driver and the processes it controls Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 11 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 How the Driver Works The driver LF 95 EXE controls the two main processes compilation and linking used to create an executable program Two supplemental processes creating import libraries and processing Windows resources are sometimes used depending on whether you are creating a DLL or a 32 bit Windows program These processes are performed by the following pro grams under control of the driver Compiler The compiler compiles source files into object files and creates files required for using Fortran 90 modules and files needed by the linker for creating DLLs Library Manager LM EXE is the library manager It can be invoked from the driver or from the command prompt to create or change static l
11. where iii are your initials is set up To modify existing tem plates or add new ones edit this file Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Smartype Templates are expanded by pressing Esc or Space after typing a template abbreviation You can specify the number of characters before Esc or Space will cause template expansion by selecting Options File Extension Setup Templates amp Word Wrap Smartype Smartype recognizes words you have already typed in your file If you type the first few characters of a word that appears earlier in the file then press Esc or Space the word will be automatically completed for you If there is an ambiguity you will be presented with a menu of words to select from Smartype can be deactivated for the Space key by turning off Space does Smartype in Options File Extension Setup Templates amp Word Wrap Case Conversion Case conversion changes the case of words you type to match instances of words earlier in the file or to match words in the lang_for iii file In this way ED ensures consistency in capitalization Case conversion can be toggled off or on in Option File Extension Setup Code Completion Code completion finishes open nesting levels introduced by keywords or parentheses Code completion is activated with the Esc key For example if you ve typed an Abi Coe d 6 pressing Esc once will give a b c Go ee and pressing Esc again will give a b
12. 2 2 2 2 2 2 6 2 4 3 3 2 1 a Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 131 Chapter 9 The Coverage Tool et _func_1_ lel Es Y if ivcomp 47 26616 16616 1 10616 ivpass ivpass 1 go to 6611 l 8 200190 ivfail ivfail 1 m Y 1 8011 continue ivtnum 2 ivcorr 5 call sn762 2 1 2 6 12d661 i2d662 i2d Y 1 40020 if ivcomp 5 20020 10620 2 Y 1 16626 ivpass ivpass 1 go to 6621 8 209029 ivfail ivfail 1 1 6021 continue ivtnum 3 iveorr 17 call sn762 3 1 2 6 12d661 i2d662 i2d Y 1 46636 if ivcomp 17 20030 16636 1 16636 ivpass ivpass 1 x A Remarks 1 The coverage tool shows the executed and non executed parts of each block A block is a set of statements that do not change the control of execution The following instances may separate a block a Fortran IF CASE DO and GOTO b C language if case for and label 2 The following marks are placed at the beginning of the block a Blue foot mark the block which is executed for the first time b White foot mark the block which is executed for the second or subsequent times c Stick mark the block that is never executed 132 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Og Utility Programs This chapter documents the following utility programs e CFIG386 EXE e HDRSTRIP F90 e SEQUNF F90 e TRYBLK F90 e UNFSEQ EXE e WHICH EXE e RSE EXE CFIG386 EXE CFIG386 EXE allows you configure
13. 30 mapw 120 NJMAXFATALS number Maximum Number of Fatal Errors Compile only Default maxfatals 50 Specify maxfatals to limit the number of fatal errors LF95 will generate before aborting ML target Mixed Language Compile only Default m1 1 95 Specify the m1 switch if your code calls or is called by code written in another language or if your code will call routines in DLLs created by LF95 m1 affects name mangling for rou tine names in DLL_IMPORT DLL_EXPORT and ML_EXTERNAL statements See Mixed Language Programming on page 38 for more information Syntax ML target Where target is bc for Borland C bd for Borland Delphi msvb for Microsoft Visual Basic msvc for Microsoft Visual C fc for Fujitsu C LF95 for LF95 LF90 for LF90 and winapi for accessing the Windows API directly MLDEFAULT target Mixed Language Default Compile only Default midefault Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches Specify the mldefault switch to set the default target language name decoration calling con vention for all program units mldefault affects name mangling for routine names in DLL_IMPORT DLL_EXPORT and ML_EXTERNAL statements Syntax MLDEFAULT target Where target is bc for Borland C bd for Borland Delphi msvb for Microsoft Visual Basic msvc for Microsoft Visual C fc for Fujitsu C LF95 for LF95 LF90 for LF90 and winapi for accessing the Windows API directly
14. 386link cfig386 clear 386link nomap HDRSTRIP F90 HDRSTRIP F90 is a Fortran source file that you can compile link and execute with LF95 It converts LF90 direct access files to LF95 style PENTEST F90 PENTEST F90 is a Fortran source file that you can compile link and execute with LF95 It tests for the Pentium flaw that affects certain floating point operations It will notify you if your chip exhibits the flaw SEQUNF F90 SEQUNF F90 is a Fortran source file that you can compile link and execute with LF95 It converts LF90 unformatted sequential files to LF95 style TRYBLK F90 TRYBLK F90 is a Fortran source file you can build with LF95 It tries a range of BLOCK SIZEs and displays an elapsed time for each You can use the results to determine an optimum value for your PC to specify in your programs Note that a particular BLOCKSIZE may not perform as well on other PC s 134 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide UNFSEQ EXE UNFSEQ EXE UNFSEQ EXE is an executable file that converts LF95 unformatted sequential files to LF90 style WHICH EXE WHICH EXE is a utility to search the current directory and directories on the DOS path for all COM EXE and BAT files matching a filename specification It is useful for determining which of a number of programs or batch files with the same name will be invoked Syntax which filename where filename is
15. 75 CSAS e E a e A 76 disas addr1 addr2 eee 76 disas fUNCNAME eesseeeeeeseeeessreesseeeee 76 Automatic Display eeeseeseeeeseeseeersreereees 76 screen FY EXPE eree ene 76 SCLEOM E E EE ES SATE EE 76 umscreen HM e 76 screenoff 1 0cccececeeseeesteeeeeeee 76 screenon HN ceccceeseceeeeteeeeseeeeeees 76 SHOW Sree 2222 33 05 cen eke 76 Sy DO Sa eree e E EE RRES 76 show function regex eeeeeeeeeee 76 show variable regex eeeeeeeeeee 71 Seimh DA E EEEE EEEE 77 alias cmd cmd str cceceeceeeseeeeeee 77 alias Cini 3ssccciess a 71 unalias CMA cceceesceceeeseseeeeeceees 71 Signals ee eA Sy 77 Signal Sig ACTION eee ceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 77 show signal sig 77 Miscellaneous Controls cc ccececceeeeees 77 param listsiZe NUM ee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 77 param prompt str oo eeeeseeeeeee 77 param printelements num 0 0 78 param PIM fe sivees en cisieeeds ccsiveeaieeve etek 78 Pale e506 E iets Heth el aol the 78 ShOW EKE pere e Tr cites 78 param execpath path 0 78 param srcpath path 0 78 SHOW SOUICE 0 ecceeececseceeseeeeseeeeseeeeesees 78 SHOW SOUICES cccecccceeseceeeseeeeseeeeeeees 78 Fortran 95 Specific 0 cece eeeeeeeeeees 78 breakal lima veces niise br akall fun ven ccc neer SHOW Tle me er Patek hain eet SHOW foptegrene inanin a n Communicating with fdb oe FUNCUOMNS a aa aR
16. Command Function Help Topics Display the Sampler help topics About Sampler Display version information for the Sampler Using the Sampler The functions of the sampler are listed below This section explains how to use these functions e Collecting the tuning information e Displaying the tuning information Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 119 Chapter 8 The Sampler Tool 120 Collecting Tuning Information In order to generate tuning information the program must be compiled with the t race option see N JTRACE on page 33 To collect tuning information run the program once following the steps outlined below 1 Inthe sampler select the Select Files command from the File menu The Select Files dialog box appears 2 Specify the Sample Data File either by typing it in or browsing The file must have an extension of smp Note that selection through browsing will set the default directory 3 Specify the Executable File either by typing it in or browsing The file must have an extension of exe 4 Select one of the following methods of running the program To run the program with the existing execution options a Select the Execute command from the Sampler menu to run the program and col lect its tuning information allowing the program to terminate normally b To abort execution click the Stop button in the window that is displayed while the program is running this may in
17. Commands Do the following to enter FDB commands for more detailed debugging activity 1 Select the Input Command command from the Debug menu 2 Type acommand in the Command field in the Input Command dialog or select a command from the drop down command history or simply click OK to repeat the last command see FDB Commands on page 67 92 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Restrictions The messages and results are displayed in the Input Command Log window see the figure below amp Fujitsu Workbench Debugger d demo cov tp1_exe 4 File Program Debug Mode Window View Help SS a ommna ARTES 2 The program d demo cov tp1 exe starting Breakpoint 6 MAIN _ at line 1 in d demo c 1 0x403097 MAIN 6x16b at line 7 in d This breakpoint address is already defined 2 9 6x403123 MAIN 0x197 at line 16 in d 3 0x40317d MAIN Ox1f1 at line 13 in d Stepped MAIN at line 2 in d demo cov tp Stepped MAIN at line 3 in d demo cov tp Stepped MAIN_ at line 4 in d demo cou tp Continue program d demo cov tp1 exe Rreakpnint 1 MATN_ at line 7 in d demna e Continue program d demo cov tp1 exe ha A Restrictions 1 The Debugger will not debug a program that has been compiled by another vendor s com piler even if their debug option is specified Other vendor s debuggers will not debug
18. Fujitsu Fortran 95 ML LF90 Lahey Fortran 90 ML MSVC Microsoft Visual C ML MSVB Microsoft Visual Basic ML BC Borland C ML BD Borland Delphi ML WINAPI Windows API functions invoked directly from Fortran Building Fortran DLLs When you create a Fortran DLL you must indicate the procedures that you want to have available in the DLL with the DLL_EXPORT statement The procedures may be subroutines or functions When mixing languages the function results must be of type default INTEGER REAL or LOGICAL The case of the name as it appears in the DLL_EXPORT and DLL_IMPORT statements is preserved for external resolution except when the ML LF90 option is used within the Fortran code the case is ignored i e Foo is the same as FOO To export a procedure from a Fortran DLL use the DLL_EXPORT statement for example integer function half x dll_export half name is case sensitive integer xX half x 2 end This code must be compiled using LF95 s m1 target switch in order to be callable by lan guage target see ML target on page 28 Note that DLL_EXPORT and DLL_IMPORT are statements and not attributes In other words DLL_EXPORT may not appear in an attribute list in an INTEGER REAL COMPLEX LOG ICAL CHARACTERor TYPE statement Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Calling DLLs from Fortran Calling DLLs from Fortran When you create a Fortran routine that references a procedure in
19. I Set It up The operation of AUTOMAKE is controlled by a configuration file which contains the default compiler name and options INCLUDE file search rule etc For simple situations where the source code to be compiled is in a single directory and builds into a single execut Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 101 Chapter 7 Automake able it will probably be possible to use the system default configuration file In that case there is no need for any customization of AUTOMAKE just type am to update both your pro gram and the dependency file In other cases you may wish to change the default compiler name or options add a special link command or change the INCLUDE file search rule this can be achieved by customizing a local copy of the AUTOMAKE configuration file More complex systems perhaps involv ing source code spread across several directories can also be handled in this way What Can Go Wrong Not much AUTOMAKE is very forgiving For example you can mix manual and AUTO MAKE controlled updates without any ill effects You can even delete the dependency file without causing more than a pause while AUTOMAKE regenerates the dependency data In fact this is the recommended procedure if you do manage to get into a knot Running AUTOMAKE To run AUTOMAKE simply type am If there is a configuration file AUTOMAKE FIG in the current directory AUTOMAKE reads it Otherwise it starts the AUTOMAKE Config u
20. Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 121 Chapter 8 The Sampler Tool Double clicking the function name that corresponds to the source code in the function cost window also shows the cost per line of the source code level ivcomp 0 915 ivcorr 110 216 do 888 kkk 1 10000000 69 ivcomp i2n016 1 1 i2n016 2 3 11 40160 if Civcomp 110 20160 10160 36 10160 ivpass ivpass 1 go to 0161 20160 ivfail ivfail 1 31 0161 cont inue E ivtnum 17 29 cvycomp ivcomp 0 30 eveorr cO01 80 evcomp c2n001 0 1 132 888 cont inue if Cevcomp eq c001 ivcomp if Civcome 1 20170 10170 2 10170 ivpass ivpass 1 ee 4 The Calling Relationship Diagram Do the following to display the function calling relationship diagram 1 In the sampler window select the Reference command from the Display menu 2 The calling tree window appears See the figure below for the calling tree window Click the left button in the box of file names in the calling tree window to display the Focus and Detail menus Select the Focus menu to display the calling relationship diagram from the function select the Detail menu to display detailed information If the Focus Level is more 122 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide The Calling Relationship Diagram than 1 press the left button outside the box to display the Top Level and Previous Level menus Select the Top Level menu to display the rela
21. Output library name newlib Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Q Automake Introduction What Does It Do AUTOMAKE is a simple to use tool for re building a program after you have made changes to the Fortran and or C source code It examines the creation times of all the source object and module files and recompiles wherever it finds that an object or module file is non exis tent empty or out of date In doing this it takes account not only of changes or additions to the source code files but also changes or additions to MODULEs and INCLUDEd files even when nested For example if you change a file which is INCLUDEd in half a dozen source files AUTOMAKE ensures that these files are re compiled In the case of Fortran 90 AUTOMAKE ensures that modules are recompiled from the bottom up taking full account of module dependencies How Does It Do That AUTOMAKE stores details of the dependencies in your program e g file A INCLUDES file B in a dependency file usually called aut omake dep AUTOMAKE uses this data to deduce which files need to be compiled when you make a change Unlike conventional MAKE utilities which require the user to specify dependencies explicitly AUTOMAKE creates and maintains this data itself To do this AUTOMAKE periodically scans source files to look for INCLUDE and USE statements This is a very fast process which adds very little to the overall time taken to complete the update How Do
22. RECL specifier The beginning area is used when an unformatted sequential statement is executed The end area is used when a BACKSPACE statement is executed Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Direct File Format Direct File Format Files processed by unformatted direct input output statements have a fixed length record for mat One Fortran record can correspond to more than one logical record The record length must be assigned in the OPEN statement RECL specifier If the Fortran record terminates within a logical record the remaining part is padded with binary zeros If the length of the Fortran record exceeds the logical record the remaining data goes into the next record Transparent File Format Files opened with ACCESS TRANSPARENT or FORM BINARY are processed as a stream of bytes with no record separators While any format of file can be processed trans parently you must know its format to process it correctly Determine Load Image Size To determine the load image size of a protected mode program add the starting address of the last public symbol in the linker map file to the length of that public symbol to get an approximate load image memory requirement not execution memory requirement Link Time Due to the error checking that 386LINK does certain code can cause the linker to take longer For example using hundreds to thousands of named COMMON blocks causes the linker to slow down Most of the a
23. Variables oanname i aa r How to Start and Terminate WinFDB Starting from the command prompt Starting from the Windows desktop Starting from the ED Developer Terminating the Debugger eee Debugger Window cescessceececeseeeneeeeeees Debugger Window eeesceseceteeesteeneeees Debugger Menus c ceecceeseceeeeceeeeneceeeeeee File Menuli c e5tsscgisisnsiseeiaina mitts Program Menu c ccsccesseceeeeeeeeseeeeeees Debug Menis kairina aine Mode Men mentrina Window Menu ssseeeseeeeeseeereeesrerrsrereereeeeees View Menue ccesseresccccsrersectvetreonstecsentntees Help Men nerna e Using the Debugger eee eeeeeeeeeee Starting the Program eee eects Setting and Deleting Breakpoints Setting a Breakpoint ee Releasing the Breakpoint eeeeeeeeeee Running and Stopping the Program Running the Program eee eeeeeee Stopping the Program eee Rerunning the Program ceceeeeeeseeeeee Displaying Debug Information Displaying Variables eeeeeeeeee Displaying Register eeseseecereeeneeeeee Displaying a Traceback eeeeeeeeeeeeeee Displaying a Load Map eseceesceeeeeeee Entering FDB Commands 0 ee Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 90 User s Guide iii Windows Debugging with WinFDB 81 Contents REStriCtiONS cerie
24. Warning messages for these conditions can optionally be generated on the display and in the map file The linker supports three warning levels WARN FULLWARN and NOWARN WARN enables basic linker warning messages Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches FULLWARN enables additional warning messages for the following conditions e Multiple initializations of common blocks with different values The last object module processed is the one that supplies initial values to the output file e Pieces of a single segment from different object modules having different segment attributes e Inconsistent segment grouping in different object modules NOWARN disables all linker warning messages Example LF95 hello obj warn WIN or WINCONSOLE Windows Compile and link Default winconsole Specify win or winconsole to create a 32 bit Windows application Specifying win console will create an application for Windows console mode Viewing of console output may require that pause also be specified in some cases Under Windows 9x the win switch can only be used for GUI applications not console mode applications use wincon sole for console mode applications The win switch requires a WinMain You can accomplish this by one of the following methods 1 Use the built in WinMain in LF95 which will call your LF95 main program 2 Set up your own WinMain using calls to the Windows API 3 Build
25. a DLL you declare the DLL procedure name with the DLL_IMPORT statement in your Fortran code The syntax of the DLL_IMPORT statement is DLL_IMPORT dll import name list Where dll import name list is a comma separated list of names of DLL procedures refer enced in this scoping unit The procedures may be subroutines or functions Non Fortran DLL routines may only return default INTEGER REAL or LOGICAL results Use the DLL_IMPORT statement as follows program main implicit none real My_D1ll_Routine x dll_import My_D11_Routine name is case sensitive x My_D11_Routine write x end program main For further examples refer to the directories below LF95 s EXAMPLES directory Passing Data The only ways to pass data to or from a DLL are as arguments function results or in files LF95 does not support the sharing of data as with a COMMON block across the boundaries of a DLL Delivering Applications with LF95 DLLs When you deliver applications built with LF95 DLLs you must deliver the DLLs you created and any required by the GUI front end generating tool All of the DLLs must be available on the path or in a directory that Windows checks for DLLs Fortran Calling Fortran DLLs To create a DLL that works with a Fortran main program indicate the exported procedure with the DLL_EXPORT statement then run LF95 like this LF95 source f90 win dll ml LF95 The LF95 compiler builds the DLL source
26. blocks They begin and end at any locations you choose and include all characters in between e Line blocks mark whole lines e Column blocks mark a rectangular area Marking a Block with the Keyboard Position the cursor at the start of the block Select Block and then Stream Block Line Block or Column Block Expand the block using the arrow keys PageUp and PageDown Marking a Block with the Mouse Simply click and drag to mark a block with the mouse To toggle between the three different kinds of blocks click the right mouse button while still holding down the left mouse button Marking a Word or Line To mark a word double click on the word Double click in white space left or right of a line to mark the whole line Drag and Drop You can move a marked block to a new location by clicking on the marked block holding the mouse button down while you move the block then releasing the mouse button at the desired location You can copy rather than move a block by holding down the control key while you drag and drop Coding Shortcuts 58 Words or constructs that you type repeatedly can be entered automatically or finished for you by ED Templates Templates are abbreviations for longer sequences of characters These sequences can be one or a few words or can comprise several lines Choose Options Language Words amp Tem plates then press Ctrl PageDown to view the Fortran templates When ED is installed a file called lang_for iii
27. breakpoints may not be ignored Other Remarks 1 In source level debugging the executable file EXE and its debugging information file YDG must exist in the same directory In the same way the dynamic link library DLL and its debugging information file must exist in the same directory 2 In source level debugging the prolog instructions of each function may cause the follow ing features not to work correctly traceback indication next command 3 When searching the source files the Debugger refers to the environment variable FDB_SRC_PATH There are two ways of specifying the environment variable Example 1 In the command prompt c gt set FDB_SRC_PATH c users fujitsu prog d common lib sre c gt winfdb The above specifies the full pathnames of the directory in which the source files exist If there are more than two directories you may specify them with the separator Then invoke the Debugger Example 2 In the Control Panel Windows NT only Variable V FDB_SRC_PATH Value A c users fujitsu prog d common lib sre The above specifies environment variable FDB_SRC_PATH to each user s environment variable of the System in the Control Panel In Windows 95 98 specify the environment vari able FDB_SRC_PATH in AUTOEXEC BAT Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 95 Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinFDB 4 If the debug option is specified when linking object filenames must be specified with fu
28. d11 It also builds a source imp file contain ing the linker commands needed to link to this DLL Note that the compiler allows you to build your DLL from multiple OBJ files Remember that the DLL switch is needed on any file that contains a DLL_EXPORT statement even if compiled with the C option Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 41 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 42 Next build the Fortran Main with LF95 main f 90 win ml LF95 source imp Ensure that the DLL is available on your path C Calling Fortran DLLs To use Fortran DLLs with Microsoft Visual C indicate in the Fortran source the proce dures that you want to make available with the DLL_EXPORT statements Remember that the source for the DLL must not have a main program Then run the LF95 compiler as follows LF95 source 90 win ml msvc dll To compile your Fortran source for use with Borland C type this LF95 source f90 win ml bc dll When LF95 creates a DLL to be called by C it also creates an import library Import libraries tell a linker what is available from a DLL LF95 uses the Microsoft program LIB to build an import library for Visual C It uses Borland s IMPLIB to build the import library for Bor land C Once you ve created the DLL just link the associated import library source 1ib in the above cases with your C object code and be sure the DLL is available on your system path Fortran Calling C DLLs Befor
29. descriptions brackets enclose optional items An ellipsis following an item indicates that more items of the same form may appear Italics indicate text to be replaced by the programmer Non italic characters in syntax descriptions are to be entered exactly as they appear Product Registration 2 To all registered LF95 users Lahey provides free unlimited technical support via telephone PRO version only fax postal mail and e mail Procedures for using Lahey Support Ser vices are documented in Appendix 13 Lahey Technical Support To ensure that you receive technical support product updates newsletters and new release announcements please register during installation or at our website http www lahey com If you move or transfer a Lahey product s ownership please let us know Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Installing Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 Installing Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 1 Insert the LF95 CD into your CD drive to display the Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 Setup Menu 2 Ifthe Setup Menu does not display run d install exe where dis the drive letter of your CD drive 3 For Windows NT and Windows 2000 users run the installation while logged into the account which you will be using when running LF95 Administrator rights are required for installation 4 Select Install Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 from the Setup Menu You ll be prompted to enter or verify your LF95 serial number The s
30. editing features like syntax highlighting intelligent procedure browsing code completion macros drag and drop as well as the standard editing features you are accustomed to After a com pilation ED highlights the exact location of programming errors diagnosed by the compiler You can also debug Windows programs with ED While debugging you can watch the val ues of variables change during program execution and set breakpoints with a mouse click This chapter assumes a basic familiarity with Windows It presents an overview of ED s functionality For detailed information please see ED s on line help Setting Up and Starting ED Startup ED must be run from Windows Start ED by double clicking the Lahey ED for Windows icon Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 51 Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED Exiting ED To exit from ED choose File Exit from the menu double click the system menu icon in the top left corner or press Alt F4 Always exit ED before turning off your computer ED checks for unsaved changes and enables you to save these before exiting The ED Screen Floating Toolbar Toolbar Buttons Menu Bar E Lahey ED4W File Edit Block Buffer Goto Search Macro Tool Optiyns Window Help Docked Toolbar SE EE eapo Psu file demo f90 lekoratorainka version LF90 3 00 Current Window ati date June 1996 function This is a FORTRAN source file intended to te o
31. files can become quite large Syntax Map filename Example LF95 moe obj larry obj curly obj m stooges LF95 hello obj nom MAPNames nchars Mapfile Name Length Link only Default mapnames 12 The MAPNames switch controls the length of global symbol names displayed in the map file By default segment group class module and public symbol names are truncated to 12 char acters in the map file The switch takes a numeric constant argument which increases the length of global symbols in the map file to the specified number of characters Increasing the symbol name length may cause the default maximum line width of 80 charac ters to be exceeded If this occurs the linker prints less information about segments and public symbols This loss of information can be prevented by using the MAPWidth switch Syntax MAPNames nchars Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 27 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 28 nchars is the length of global symbols in the map file expressed as number of characters Example LF95 hello obj mapn 30 MAPWidth nchars Mapfile Line Width Link only Default mapwidth 80 The MAPWidth switch controls the maximum line width in the program map file The switch takes a numeric constant argument which is the new maximum width for lines in the map file Syntax MAPWidth nchars nchars is the maximum line width in the map file expressed as number of characters Example LF95 hello obj mapn
32. from the file mycmds Command files may be used both with other command line switches and other command files Multiple command files are processed left to right in the order they are encountered Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Passing Information Passing Information The LF95 driver uses temporary files for sending information between the driver and pro cesses it controls These files are automatically created using random names and are deleted Return Codes from the Driver When the LF95 driver receives a failure return code it aborts the build process The driver will return an error code depending on the success of the invoked tools These return codes are listed below Table 1 Driver Return Codes Code Condition 0 Successful compilation and link a Compiler fatal error 2 Library Manager error 3 Linker error 4 Driver error 5 Help requested 8 RES2OBd error 9 Resource compiler error Creating a Console Mode Application To create a Windows console mode executable that will run on Windows 95 Windows 98 or Windows NT no switches need be specified Example LF95 MYPROG F90 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 15 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 Creating a Windows GUI application To create a Windows GUI application either with a third party package such as Winteracter GINO or RealWin or by calling the Windows API s directly specify the win switch T
33. network pathname for the Lahey ED Developer installation Note the command line arguments surrounded by brackets are optional Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 3 Chapter 1 Getting Started 4 2 You will be prompted to accept the License Agreement enter your registration informa tion enter verify your installation directories and to select which components you wish to install 3 It is recommended that you make a batch procedure to distribute to your client users con taining the command line shown below for the Network Client Copy the file INSTALL32 EXE to a network accessible drive for the clients to run the installation 4 If the online documentation component is installed then it is recommended that the Adobe Acrobat Reader install be made available for client users This can be accomplished by copy ing the ARxxxENG EXE installation program where xxx is the version number from the product CD to a network drive for the network users to run Network Client Running the installation with the command line arguments below will install only those product files needed to be resident on the local system The system files will be updated as necessary and icons will be updated as appropriate 1 You must have the network drive mapped as a local drive letter e g starting with N do not specify a UNC style name e g starting with This requirement is for proper startup of Lahey ED Developer 2 Enter this in Sta
34. notified of that signal when program execution is continued Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 71 Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FDB 72 next count Executes the next count lines including the current line where a function or subroutine call is considered to be a line If omitted count defaults to 1 and only the current line is executed In other words if a function or subroutine call is encountered execution steps over that procedure silentnext count Same as Next but if a signal breaks a program the program is notified of that signal when program execution is continued nexti count Executes the next count machine language instructions including the current instruction where a function call is considered to be an instruction If omitted count defaults to 1 and only the current instruction is executed silentnexti count or nin count Same as Nexti but if a signal breaks a program the program is notified of that signal when program execution is continued until Continues program execution until reaching the next instruction or statement until loc Continues program execution until reaching the location or line loc until addr Continues program execution until reaching the address addr until offset Continues program execution until reaching the line forward or backward offset lines from the current line until return Continues program execution until returni
35. of the library Pathnames can be used if the object file is not in the current directory Example LM mylib myobj The object myobj obj is added to mylib 1lib Delete Modules The subtraction symbol preceding an object module name deletes that module from the library specified with old library name Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Replace Modules Example LM mylib myobj The object module myob j is deleted from mylib 1lib Replace Modules The subtraction and addition symbols combine to form the Replace Modules command The Replace Modules command followed by an object module name replace that module by deleting it from the library and then appending an object file with the same name as the deleted module to the library Example LM mylib myobj myobj2 The object modules myobj and myob 32 are replaced with myobj obj and myobj2 obj Copy Modules The asterisk symbol copies the module following the asterisk into an object file with the same name Example LM mylib myobj The object module myobj from mylib 1lib is copied to myobj obj The object module myob j in the library is unaffected Move Modules The subtraction symbol followed by an asterisk forms the Move Modules command which moves a specified object module to an object file of the same name Example LM mylib myobj myobj2 The object modules myobj and myob 32 are deleted from mylib 1lib and myobj ob 3 and myob
36. of IBM370 IEEE format floating point data results in a bits of the mantissa being lost When the M option is omitted the diagnostic message jwe0147i w is not output Example a exe W1 M Q The Q option suppresses padding of an input field with blanks when a formatted input state ment is used to read a Fortran record This option applies to cases where the field width needed in a formatted input statement is longer than the length of the Fortran record and the file was not opened with an OPEN statement The result is the same as if the PAD specifier in an OPEN statement is set to NO If the Q option is omitted the input record is padded with blanks The result is the same as when the PAD specifier in an OPEN statement is set to YES or when the PAD specifier is omitted Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Description of Options Example a exe W1 Q Re Disables the runtime error handler Traceback error summaries user control of errors by ERRSET and ERRSAV and execution of user code for error correction are suppressed The standard correction is processed if an error occurs Example a exe W1 Re Ri Disables runtime processing of quad precision exceptions Example a exe W1 Ri Rm filename The Rm option saves the following output items to the file specified by the filename argument e Messages issued by PAUSE or STOP statements e Runtime library diagnostic messages e Traceback map e Error summary
37. per line of the source level e Function calling relationship diagram Recompilation is not required for an object generated with the Fujitsu Fortran compiler To use the C compiler specify the Kline option at compilation The method of displaying each item of information is listed below Displaying the Cost for Each Function Do the following to display the cost for each program unit In the sampler window select the Funct ion command from the Display menu The func tion cost window appears See the figure below Function Cost d demo cov tp1 exe _func_1_ d demo s __fncov_block NtSaveKkey E NT4l NtWriteFile E NI __fheou_entrance __acrtused _jwe_xend ___ all_unexpected __GetExceptDLLinfol _g_aqcej GetModuleFileNamea GetLargestConsoleWi RtlCreateHeap E NtOpenDirectoryOb je RtlResetRtlTranslat __ GetExceptDLLinfo m3qswh24 d demc RIZ h h D0 m m mh m m d o nnn rags Displaying the Cost Per Line Do the following to display the cost per line of the source level 1 In the sampler window select the Source command from the Display menu The Open File dialog box appears 2 In the Open File dialog box select the corresponding source program and click the Open button The cost per line of the source level appears See the figure below for function cost per line of the source level window The following procedures can also be used to display the cost per line of the source level
38. see Runtime Options on page 143 140 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Limits of Operation Limits of Operation Table 28 LF95 Limits of Operation Item program size Maximum 4 Gigabytes or available memory includ ing virtual memory whichever is smaller number of files open concurrently 250 including pre connected units 0 5 and 6 Length of CHARACER datum 65 000 bytes T O block size 65 000 bytes T O record length 2 147 483 647 bytes I O file size 2 147 483 647 bytes I O maximum number of records 2 147 483 647 divided by the value of RECL specifier nesting depth of function array section array element and substring references 253 nesting depth of DO CASE and IF state 50 ments nesting depth of implied DO loops 25 nesting depth of INCLUDE files 16 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 141 Chapter 11 Programming Hints Table 28 LF95 Limits of Operation Item number of array dimensions Maximum 7 array size The compiler calculates T for each array declaration to reduce the number of calcu lations needed for array sections or array element addresses The absolute value of T obtained by the formula below must not exceed 2147483647 and the absolute value must not exceed 2147483647 for any intermediate calculations n i T 11xXs X nd Il ino i 2 m 2 n Array dimension number s Ar
39. static linking Using DLLs 38 A Dynamic Link Library DLL is a collection of procedures packaged together as an exe cutable file not a library file Even though it is in the form of an executable a DLL cannot run on its own The functions and subroutines in a DLL are called from a EXE file that con tains a main program Note that issuing a STOP statement from within a Fortran DLL will cause the entire program to terminate With LF95 you can create 32 bit DLLs for use with the language systems in the table below Console I O in the Fortran code is not recommended in Windows GUI applications but just about everything else that is supported under Windows will work Calls can be made from Fortran to Fortran from Fortran to another language and from another language to Fortran If you are calling DLL routines from a language system other than LF95 please refer to that language system s DLL documentation for more information Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide What Is Supported What Is Supported Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 supports DLL interfaces to the following languages and operating systems this list is subject to change see READ_DLL TXT for any changes Table 6 Compiler Support for Lahey DLLs Language System Version Lahey Fujitsu LF95 5 0 Lahey LF90 2 01 and later Borland C 4 5 and later Borland Delphi 2 0 and later Microsoft Visual C 2 0 and later Microsoft Visual Basic
40. the name of a COM EXE or BAT file without the extension Example If the command which make displays the following C LF9550 BIN MAKE EXE 47541 17 05 07 07 1994 C F77L3 BIN MAKE EXE 46237 13 16 05 22 1994 you would know that the MAKE EXE program in the c 1 9550 bin directory would be invoked because c 1 9550 bin is listed before c 7713 bin on the DOS path RSE EXE RSE redirects to standard output all output which would normally go to standard error Syntax rse exename where exename is the name of an executable file RSE is particularly useful when attempting to redirect runtime error messages to a disk file Normally runtime error messages from exe cutables created by LF95 will be sent to standard error If you try to redirect program output as follows myprog gt diskfile program output will go to the file but runtime error messages will go only to the screen To redirect runtime error messages to the file use rse myprog gt diskfile Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 135 Chapter 10 Utility Programs 136 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide O Programming Hints This appendix contains information that may help you create better LF95 programs Efficiency Considerations In the majority of cases the most efficient solution to a programming problem is one that is straightforward and natural It is seldom worth sacrificing c
41. vari ables arrays constants and functions to REAL KIND 8 and COMPLEX KIND 8 respectively If you use db1 all source files including modules in a program should be compiled with db1 Specifying db1 will usually result in somewhat slower executables N DLL Dynamic Link Library Link only Default nd11 Specify d11 m1 and win to create a 32 bit Windows dynamic link library for more information see Using DLLs on page 38 N F90SQL Use f90SQL Lite Compile and link Default nf90sq1 Specify f90sq1 to create an application using f90SQL Lite N F95 Fortran 95 Conformance Compile only Default nf95 Specify 95 to generate warnings when the compiler encounters non standard Fortran 95 code Note that n 95 allows any intrinsic data type to be equivalenced to any other FILE filename Filename Compile and link Default not present Precede the name of a file with file to ensure the driver will interpret the filename as the name of a file and not an argument to a switch Example On the following command line bi11 90 is correctly interpreted as a source file LF95 checksum file bill f 90 On this next command line bil1 90 is not recognized as a source file The driver passes the unrecognized switch checksum to the linker and assumes the following string bill 90 is an argument to the checksum switch LF95 checksum bill f90 On this last command line file is not n
42. y creates the listing file myprog 1st which lists primary and included source Note that xref overrides 1st See also N XREF Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches NO Map filename Map File Link only Default map The linker map file is a text file describing the output load image The map file contains the following information e command switches specified when the program was linked e names of the input object files e alist of the segments comprising the program and e alist of the public symbols in the program By default the linker produces a map file each time a program is linked The default name of the map file is the name of the output file with its extension changed to MAP Any path information specifying a directory where the output file is to be placed also applies to the map file The Map switch renames or relocates the map file The switch takes a single argument which is the path and name of the map file to be produced If no file name extension is spec ified then a default of MAP is assumed If no path information is specified in the map file name then it is placed in the current directory The linker can be prevented from producing a map file with the NOMap switch The switch takes no arguments The NOMap switch is useful to make the linker run faster since no time is spent writing the map file The switch is also a good way to save disk space because map
43. your user interface in another language where the WinMain is set up in that other language often without the user knowing it as in Visual Basic and Delphi 4 Some library packages such as Winteracter and RealWin include a WinMain winconsole will put a Windows console DOS box on the screen if the program is invoked from Windows explorer or the Start menu If the program is invoked from the com mand line of an existing console window then all console I O will be performed within that window In other words a winconsole program has the look and feel of a DOS program running in a DOS box This is your best choice if you need to see program results after a pro gram run Note that the console will disappear after program completion if the program is invoked from Windows explorer or the Start menu Console output with win is allowed if your program is running on Windows NT If your program reads from or writes to standard output a console will be created but the console will immediately disappear after your program runs to completion See also NJPAUSE NJWISK Winteracter Starter Kit Compile and link Default nwisk compile and link Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 35 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 36 Specify wisk to create an application using the Winteracter Starter Kit WiSK see the Win teracter Starter Kit Manual Note that a resource file name must be given on the command line whenever specifying
44. 146 q 150 r 151 Re 147 Ri 147 Rm 147 Ry 147 T 147 u 151 x 151 runtime options syntax 146 Ry runtime option 147 S Sampler Tool trace switch 33 sav SAVE local variables switch 31 scrollable window vsw switch 34 searching rules library 37 SEQUNF F90 134 setting up ED for Windows 51 81 side effects 137 smartype 59 source filenames 13 SSL2 Extended Capabilities User s Guide 9 SSL2 Extended Capabilities User s Guide II 9 SSL2 User s Guide 9 Stack stack size switch 32 standard input output units 145 starting ED for Windows 51 81 static linking 49 staticlink static linking switch 32 status bar 53 stchk stack overflow check switch 32 step 63 71 step into 63 step over 63 support services 143 153 switches ap arithmetic precision 18 block blocksize 19 c suppress linking 19 changing in ED 60 chk checking 19 chkglobal global checking 21 co display compiler options 21 compiler 17 cover generate coverage information 21 cross reference listing 36 dal deallocate allocatables 21 dbl double switch 21 description 13 dll dynamic link library 22 f90sql f90SQL Lite 22 file filename 22 fix fixed source form 23 g debug 23 1 include path 23 implib DLL library 24 import import DLL function 24 in IMPLICIT NONE 24 info display informational messages 25 li Lahey intrinsic procedures 25 linker BANNER Linker banner 19 Exe executable file name 29 FULLWA
45. 154 Lahey Warranties 0 cee eeeeeeeeeeee 155 Return Procedure eee eeeeeeeseeeees 156 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 90 User s Guide V Contents vi Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Q Getting Started Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 LF95 is a set of software tools for developing 32 bit Fortran appli cations LF95 is a complete implementation of the Fortran 95 standard The toolset includes a compiler editor linker debugger profiler coverage tool librarian make utility video graphics and user interface library LF95 includes three manuals the User s Guide this book which describes how to use the tools the Language Reference which describes the Fortran 95 language and the Winteracter Starter Kit Manual which describes the Windows video graphics and user interface library System Requirements e An 80486DX Pentium series or compatible processor e 24 MB of RAM 32 MB or more recommended e 62 MB of available hard disk space for complete installation 55 MB for typical installation e Windows 95 Windows 98 or Windows NT 4 0 or Windows 2000 Manual Organization This book is organized into eight chapters and two appendices e Chapter 1 Getting Started identifies system requirements describes the installation process and takes you through the steps of building of your first program e Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 describes the development process and the driver program that controls compilati
46. 2 Use the Select Executable File command in the File menu to specify the same exe cutable file generated by 1 above as the Executable File 3 Select the Execute or Executing Options command from the Coverage menu to execute the program and collect its coverage information The new coverage information is now stored in the specified data file Displaying Coverage Information The following items are displayed in the coverage information e Run coverage rate for each subroutine and function e Executed and non executed section corresponding to the source code Follow these steps to display the information Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Displaying Coverage Information Select the Select Coverage Data File command from the File menu The Coverage Data File dialog box appears In the Coverage Data File dialog box specify the coverage data file Select the Select Executable File command from the File menu The Executable File dialog box appears In the Executable File dialog box specify the executable file Select the Function command from the Display menu to display the execution cov erage rate for each subroutine and function See the first figure below Then double click the subroutine or function to display the executed and non executed sections of the corresponding source code See the second figure below i tp1 exe ioj x Call Segment Passed Wana fons oo 2 2 2
47. 4 0 and later Your assembly routines may be called from the Fortran routines however the use of interrupt 21h is not supported Refer to README ASM for more information regarding interfacing LF95 with assembly code LF95 can build DLLs callable from Microsoft Visual Basic Microsoft Visual Basic does not build DLLs callable by LF95 Declaring Your Procedures In order to reference a procedure across a DLL interface the LF95 compiler must be informed of the procedure name and told how to decorate the external names in your DLL The procedure names are defined with the DLL_EXPORT and DLL_IMPORT statements see DLL_EXPORT Statement and DLL_IMPORT Statement in the LF95 Language Refer ence Please note that in general DLL procedure names are case sensitive unlike the Fortran naming convention which ignores case DLL_EXPORT is used when defining a DLL and DLL_IMPORT is used when referencing a DLL The type of DLL interface is defined with the Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 39 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 40 use of the ML compiler switch You cannot mix ML options in a single invocation of LF95 If you need to reference DLLs from multiple languages you can do so by putting the refer ences in separate source files and compiling them separately The ML switch options are Table 7 ML Switch Options Switch Compiler ML LF95 Lahey
48. 6 if ch i i ne goto 26 continue call c_test ch stop do 38 i 1 26 if ch i i eq ch i i 6 call c_test ch Debugger Window The following items are visible in the above figure 1 The source code display which shows the the lines of source code corresponding to the section of the program currently being executed The left hand margin of this display shows the line numbers of the code along with symbols indicating the current line of execution and breakpoints if any 2 The Menu bar used for activating all WinFDB commands 3 The toolbar which contains icons that activate frequently used menu commands These commands can also be executed from the Menu Bar 4 The status bar which displays an explanation of each menu or toolbar command Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 83 Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinFDB Debugger Menus File Menu The table below lists the File Menu commands Table 9 File Menu Commands Command Name Function Open Selects executable file to be debugged Exit Debugger Terminates the WinFDB debugger Program Menu The table below lists the Program Menu commands Table 10 Program Menu Commands Command Name Function Restart Reruns the same program Specifies the argument s of the program to be debugged Set Options and the runtime option s at execution i e command line arguments 84 Lahey Fujitsu For
49. ANNER Linker banner switch 19 block blocksize switch 19 blocks in ED for Windows 58 Borland C 39 42 Borland Delphi 39 47 breakpoints 63 69 bugs 154 C C Compiler User s Guide 9 C runtime option 146 c suppress linking switch 19 case conversion 59 CFIG386 EXE 133 chk checking switch 19 chkglobal global checking switch 21 co display compiler options switch 21 code completion 59 coding shortcuts 58 command files 14 LM 99 compiler 12 17 controlling 17 errors 17 switches 17 compiling from ED for Windows 60 configuration of ED 66 Conflicts 14 console mode 35 cover generate coverage information switch 21 Coverage Tool cover switch 21 creating a file 54 D d runtime option 148 dal deallocate allocatables switch 21 dbl double switch 21 debugger 11 debugging from ED 61 restrictions 93 with FDB 67 115 125 with WinFDB 93 DEMO F90 6 direct file format 139 disassembly 76 distribution 8 divide by zero 33 dll dynamic link library switch 22 DLL_EXPORT 41 DLL_IMPORT 40 DLLs 12 driver 11 dummy argument 138 dynamic link libraries 12 E e runtime option 148 ED for Windows 51 67 81 115 125 blocks 58 case conversion 59 changing compiler options 60 code completion 59 coding shortcuts 58 compiling 60 configuration 66 create file 54 debugging from 61 editing 57 exiting 52 extended characters 57 find 57 function procedure list 56 help 54 managing files 54 matching parentheses
50. Authorization RMA number Lahey must receive the returned product in good condition within 15 days of assigning you an RMA number You may return a LF95 Language System if e Itis determined not to be a full implementation of the Fortran 90 Standard and Lahey does not fix the deviation from the standard within 60 days of your report e Lahey fails to fix a bug with the highest priority within 60 days of verifying your report e All returns following the original 30 days of ownership are subject to Lahey s dis cretion If Lahey has provided you with a source code workaround a compiler patch anew library or a reassembled compiler within 60 days of verifying your bug report the problem is considered by Lahey to be solved and no product return and refund is considered justified Return Procedure You must report the reason for the refund request to a Lahey Solutions Representative and receive an RMA number This RMA number must be clearly visible on the outside of the return shipping carton Lahey must receive the returned product within 15 days of assigning you an RMA number You must destroy the following files before returning the product for a refund e All copies of Lahey files delivered to you on the software disks and all backup copies e All files created by this Lahey Language System A signed statement of compliance to the conditions listed above must be included with the returned software Copy the following example for this
51. B Executing and Terminating a Program run arglist Passes the arglist list of arguments to the program at execution time When arglist is omitted the program is executed using the arguments last specified If arglist contains an argument that starts with lt or gt the program is executed after the I O is redirected Run Executes the program without arguments The R should be upper case kill Forces cancellation of the program param commandline arglist Assign the program s command line argument list a new set of values param commandline Display the current list of command line arguments clear commandline The argument list is deleted quit Ends the debugging session Shell Commands cd dir Change working directory to dir pwd Display the current working directory path 68 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Breakpoints Breakpoints General Syntax break location expr Where location corresponds to an address in the program or a line number in a source file and expr corresponds to a conditional expression associated with the breakpoint The value of location may be specified by one of the following items e file line specifies line number line in the source file file If omitted file defaults to the current file e proc l offset specifies the line number corresponding to the entry point of func tion or subroutine proc plus or minus offset lines e mod pro
52. E EXE 134 templates 58 toolbar 53 tp target Pentium switch 33 tpp target Pentium Pro switch 33 trace location and call traceback for runtime errors switch 33 transparent file format 139 trap trap NDP exceptions switch 33 TRYBLK F90 134 TwoCase case sensitive switch 34 U u runtime option 151 underflow 33 undo and redo 57 unformatted sequential file format 138 UNFSEQ EXE 135 V Visual Analyzer User s Guide 9 vsw very simple windows switch 34 W w warn switch 34 WARN linker warning switch 34 Warranties 155 warranties 155 watch dialog 65 WHICH EXE 135 win Windows switch 35 winconsole Windows console mode 162 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide switch 35 window bar 54 window scrolling vsw switch 34 Windows 7 35 Windows API 48 Windows console mode 35 WinFDB 81 command line entry 92 load map display 92 registers display 91 restrictions 93 traceback display 91 watch window 90 Winteracter Starter Kit 7 9 WISK 7 WiSK Help 9 wisk Winteracter Starter Kit switch 35 wo warn obsolescent switch 36 World Wide Web 155 X x runtime option 151 xref cross reference listing switch 36 Y Y2K compliance Ry runtime option 147 Z zero initialize variables to zero switch 36
53. ERNAL 49 mldefault mixed language default switch 28 mod module path switch 29 N nruntime option 150 network installation 3 notational conventions 2 O o object file name switch 29 o0 optimization level zero switch 29 ol optimization level one switch 29 object filenames 13 OneCase case insensitive switch 34 OpenGL graphics 50 Index opening a file 55 Optimization 29 out output file switch 29 output filenames 13 overflow 33 P p runtime option 150 pause pause after program completion 30 pca protect constant arguments switch 30 PENTEST F90 134 preconnected units standard i o 145 previous next procedure 56 private module accessibility switch 30 program size 141 programming hints 137 PUBList public symbol ordering switch 31 Q Qruntime option 146 q runtime option 150 quad quadruple precision switch 31 R rruntime option 151 Re runtime option 147 README TXT 8 README_API TXT 8 README_ASSEMBLY TXT 8 README _C TXT 8 README_COMPATIBLE TXT 9 README_F90GL TXT 9 README_F90SQL TXT 9 README_SERVICE_ROUTINES TXT 9 README_WISK TXT 8 registering 2 registers displaying in WinFDB 91 requirements system 1 Resource Compiler 12 response files LM 99 restrictions debugging 93 return codes 15 return values execution 145 Riruntime option 147 Rm runtime option 147 runtime options a 148 C 146 d 148 e 148 g 148 i 149 M 146 m 150 n 150 p 150 Q
54. FU0S and FU06 and error file FU00 must not be specified Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 151 Chapter 12 Runtime Options 152 The following example shows how to connect myfile dat to unit number 10 prior to the start of execution Example set FU10 myfile dat FUnnBF size The FUnnBF shell variable specifies the size of the input output work area used by a sequen tial or direct access input output statement The value nn in the FUnnBF shell variable specifies the unit number The size argument used for sequential access input output state ments is in kilobytes the size argument used for direct access input output statements is in records The size argument must be an integer with a value of or more A size argument must be specified for every unit number If this shell variable and the g option are omitted the input output work area size used by sequential access input output statements defaults to 1 kilobytes The size argument for direct access input output statements is the number of Fortran records per block in fixed block for mat The size argument must be an integer from to 32767 that indicates the number of Fortran records per block If this shell variable and the d option are omitted the area size is 1K bytes Example 1 Sequential Access Input Output Statements When sequential access input output statements are executed for unit number 10 the state ments use an input output work area of 64 kilobytes
55. L controls the output of diagnostic messages during execution The optional argument errlvl specifies the lowest error level i informational w warning e medium or s Serious for which diagnostic messages are to be output If the 1 option is not specified diagnostic messages are output for error levels w e and s However messages beyond the print limit are not printed i The li option outputs diagnostic messages for all error levels w The lw option outputs diagnostic messages for error levels w e s and u e The le option outputs diagnostic messages for error levels e s and u S The ls option outputs diagnostic messages for error levels s and u Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 149 Chapter 12 Runtime Options 150 Example a exe W le mu_no The m option connects the specified unit number u_no to the standard error output file where diagnostic messages are to be written Argument u_no is an integer from 0 to 2147483647 If the m option is omitted unit number 0 the system default is connected to the standard error output file See Shell Variables for Input Output on page 151 for further details Example a exe W1 m10 n The n option controls whether prompt messages are sent to standard input When the n option is specified prompt messages are output when data is to be entered from standard input using formatted sequential READ statements including list directed and namelist sta
56. LF95 34 Specify trap with any combination of d i o and u to instruct the NDP chip to generate an interrupt when it detects the specified exception s and generate an error message Note that trapping cannot be disabled when quad is specified except by using the NDPEXC routine or the ERRSET service routine see the file SER VICE TXT Syntax TRAP d fiJfojfu Where the d i o and u arguments can be used in any combination as exlained above TwoCase and OneCase Linker Case Sensitivity Link only Default onecase For OneCase the linker ignores the case of public symbols that make up the program being linked For example the symbols abc ABC and aBc are equivalent in the linker The TwoCase switch enables case sensitive processing of user defined symbols When this switch is used upper and lower case versions of the same symbol are considered to be dif ferent win forces TwoCase OneCase enforces default behavior Example LF95 hello obj lib LF95 graph90 tc N JVSW Very Simple Windows Compile and link Default nvsw The vsw switch creates a simple console like Windows GUI application The window is scrollable N W Warn Compile only Default w Specify w to generate compile warning and informational messages NO WARN and FULLWARN Warning Detail Link only Default warn The linker detects some conditions that can potentially cause run time problems but are not necessarily errors
57. Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Revision C Copyright Copyright 1995 2000 Lahey Computer Systems Inc All rights reserved worldwide Copyright 1999 FUJITSU LTD All rights reserved Copyright 1986 1999 Phar Lap Software Inc All rights reserved This manual is protected by federal copyright law No part of this manual may be copied or distributed transmitted transcribed stored in a retrieval system or translated into any human or computer language in any form or by any means electronic mechanical magnetic manual or otherwise or disclosed to third parties Trademarks Names of Lahey products are trademarks of Lahey Computer Systems Inc Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Disclaimer Lahey Computer Systems Inc reserves the right to revise its software and publications with no obligation of Lahey Computer Systems Inc to notify any person or any organization of such revision In no event shall Lahey Computer Systems Inc be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damage including but not lim ited to special consequential or other damages Lahey Computer Systems Inc 865 Tahoe Boulevard P O Box 6091 Incline Village NV 89450 6091 775 831 2500 Fax 775 831 8123 http www lahey com Technical Support 775 831 2500 PRO version only support lahey com all versions Table of Contents Getting Started cc
58. List BYNAME PUBList BYVALUE PUBList BOTH PUBList NONE Example LF95 hello obj publ byvalue N QUAD Quad Precision Compile only Default nquad Specify quad to extend all double precision REAL and double precision COMPLEX vari ables arrays constants and functions to REAL KIND 16 and COMPLEX KIND 16 respectively If you use quad all source files including modules in a program should be compiled with quad Specifying quad will usually result in significantly slower execut ables All exceptions will be trapped by default This behavior can be overridden using the NDPEXC routine or the ERRSET service routine see the file SERVICE TXT N SAV SAVE Local Variables Compile only Default nsav Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 31 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 32 Specify sav to allocate local variables in a compiler generated SAVE area nsav allo cates variables on the stack sav is equivalent to having a SAVE statement in each subprogram except that sav does not apply to local variables in a recursive function whereas the SAVE statement does Specifying sav will cause your executable to run more slowly especially if you have many routines Specifying nsav may sometimes require more than the default stack see Stack on page 32 N STATICLINK Static Link Compile and link Default nstaticlink Specify staticlink with win and m1 to link statically with code produced by another sup
59. Navigation 56 After you have opened a file move through it using e the normal keyboard navigation keys PageUp PageDown Home End etc e the mouse on the scroll bar e Goto tojump to a particular kind of location The Goto menu lists many loca tions to jump to most with quick keyboard equivalents Previous Next Procedure You can quickly move though your file by jumping from procedure to procedure using the Ctrl PageUp and Ctrl PageDown keys Function Procedure List ED will create a list of procedures in your file if you e Choose Goto Function List e Press Alt F1l or e Click the Function procedure list button on the toolbar You can then jump directly to any procedure by double clicking on its name in the Function procedure list Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Find Find The Search menu provides a variety of ways to find and optionally replace text You can search for exact text or use regular expressions where wildcard characters and can be inserted in your search string You can also search incrementally Incremental search finds the next occurrence of text as you type it Matching Parentheses and Statements You can move automatically to a matching object a parenthesis or statement by right click ing on an object For example in an expression right clicking on a parenthesis will jump to the matching parenthesis This is a real time saver in putting together complicated error fr
60. RN linker warning 34 Lib library files 25 LIBPath library path 25 37 Map map file 27 MAPNames map symbol Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 161 Index name length 27 MAPWidth map file width 28 OneCase case insensitive 34 PUBList public sym bol ordering 31 Stack stack size 32 TwoCase case sensitive 34 long long integers 26 Ist listing 26 maxfatals 28 ml mixed language 28 mldefault mixed language default 28 mod module path 29 o object file name 29 o0 optimization level zero 29 ol optimization level one 29 out output file 29 pause pause after program completion 30 pca protect constant arguments 30 private module accssiblity 30 quad quadruple precision 31 sav SAVE local variables 31 staticlink static linking 32 stchk stack overflow check 32 swm suppress warning messages 32 t4 target 486 33 tp target Pentium 33 tpp target Pentium Pro 33 trace location and call trace back for runtime errors 33 trap trap NDP exceptions 33 vsw very simple windows 34 w warn 34 WARN linker warning 34 win Windows 35 wisk Winteracter Starter Kit 35 wo warn obsolescent 36 zero initialize variables to zero 36 swm suppress warning message s switch 32 syntax LM command line 97 syntax highlighting 56 system requirements 1 T T runtime option 147 t4 target 486 switch 33 technical support 154 Technical Support Questionnaire 155 TELLM
61. Return Values Execution Return Values The following table lists possible values returned to the operating system by an LF95 execut able program upon termination and exit These correspond to the levels of diagnostic output that may be set by various runtime options Table 29 Execution Return Values Return value Status 0 No error or level I information message 4 Level W error warning 8 Level E error medium 12 Level S error serious 16 Limit exceeded for level W E S error or a level U error Unrecoverable was detected 240 Abnormal termination Other Forcible termination Standard Input and Output The default unit numbers for standard input output and error output for LF95 executable programs are as follows and may be changed to different unit numbers by the appropriate runtime options Standard input Unit number 5 Standard output Unit number 6 Standard error output Unit number 0 Runtime Options Runtime options may be specified as arguments on the command line or in the FORT90L shell variable This section explains the format and functions of the runtime options Please note that all runtime options are case sensitive The runtime option format is as follows Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 145 Chapter 12 Runtime Options 146 W1 Cunit M Q Re Rm file Tunit a dnum enum gnum i lelvl munit n punit q run
62. User s Guide SSL2 Extended Capabilities User s Guide II Visual Analyzer User s Guide Help Files WiSK Help J9OSQL Lite Help Newsletters The Lahey Fortran Source newsletter Lahey Web Page http www lahey com Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 9 Chapter 1 Getting Started 10 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Developing with LF95 This chapter describes how to use Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 It presents an overview of the development process and describes how to build Fortran applications using the LF95 driver The driver controls compilation linking and the production of executable programs and dynamic link libraries DLLs The Development Process Developing applications with LF95 involves the following tools Editor Use the Lahey ED development environment to create or modify Fortran source files The driver can be run from within the editor Compiler error messages are automatically keyed to lines of source code ED also integrates debugging facilities for Windows applica tions See Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED for instructions on using Lahey ED Library Manager Use the library manager to create change and list the contents of object libraries See Chapter 6 LM Librarian for instructions on how to use the library manager Automake Use the Automake utility to automate program creation This is especially useful if your program consists of multiple files See Chapter 7 Automake
63. a program that has been compiled by LF95 even if the debug option g is specified 2 You can combine objects compiled by the Fujitsu Compiler with objects compiled by cer tain other compilers see Mixed Language Programming on page 38 However WinFDB will not step into those parts of the programs which were compiled by the other vendor s compiler 3 An adjustable array that is a dummy argument cannot be debugged if it appears at the beginning of a procedure or a function Example line number il subroutine sub x y i 2 real x 9731 3 real y i 3 In this example adjustable arrays x and y cannot be debugged where the beginning of the procedure is sub line number 1 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 93 Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinFDB 94 4 The dummy argument of a main entry cannot be debugged at the sub entry Example subroutine sub a b entry ent b In this example the dummy argument a which is in the main entry s argument list but not in the sub entry ent cannot be debugged However the dummy argument b which is passed to the sub entry ent can be debugged 5 A breakpoint cannot be set for an executable statement in an include file 6 An array of an assumed size can be debugged only for the lower boundary 7 A label cannot be debugged 8 In include files that contain expressions or a line statement the C programs cannot be debugged 9 When in a Fortran program the c
64. ace the batch file name with CALL or COMMAND C For E CALL fcomp fi Note that with LF95 the c switch should always be used in a COMPILE line 108 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide The AUTOMAKE Configuration File TARGET Specifies the name of the program or library file which is to be built from the object code Note that you will also have to tell the linker the name of the target file You can do this using a SEX place marker which expands to the file name specified using TARGET TARGET f execs MYPROG EXE If there is no TARGET keyword AUTOMAKE will update the program object code but will not attempt to re link LINK Specifies a command which may be used to update the program or library file once the object code is up to date LINK 1f 95 Sob exe Sex mod mo LINK 1f 95 Sod oe exe Sex mod mo LINK 1 95 rf exe tex mod mo You could use a batch file called 1 bat by specifying LINK CALL L The following place markers are allowed in the command specified using LINK Table 17 LINK Place Markers Place Marker Meaning expands to the name of the directory containing object code as spec SOD ified using the OBJDIR command see below including a trailing NS expands to the object file extension as specified using the OBJEXT 0E command see below including a leading ae expands to a list
65. al arrays there are some special consider ations in processing a Fortran array Refer to the Passing Arrays in C or C section for more information Delphi Calling Fortran To create a DLL that will work with Borland Delphi take the Fortran source without a main program and indicate the procedures that you want available in the DLL with the DLL_EXPORT statement then invoke the LF95 driver like this LF95 source 90 win dll ml bd Declaring your Procedure in Delphi In your Delphi code a procedure s declaration will be like one of the following examples function my_LF95_function var my_arg LongInt LongInt stdcall external my_dll dll procedure my_LF95_subroutine var my_arg Single stdcall external my_dll dll see the relevant section below if an item on the argument list is either an array or is character datatype Running the Delphi Calling Fortran Demo 1 Compile the BDDEMO2 F90 file located in LF95 s MIX_LANG BD directory using the d11 win and m1 bd switches Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 47 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 48 2 Ensure that the resulting BDDEMO2 DLL resides in a directory that is on your path Failure to do this will generally result in an Debugger Kernel Error message from the operating system 3 Start Delphi and open the BDDEMO2 DPR project in LF95 s MIX_LANG BD directory 4 Run the demo F9 Fortran Calling D
66. and statements 57 menu bar 52 84 navigation 56 opening a file 55 previous next procedure 56 screen 52 setup 51 81 smartype 59 starting 51 81 status bar 53 templates 58 toolbar 53 undo and redo 57 window bar 54 editing 57 editor 11 Lahey ED for Windows 51 67 81 115 125 efficiency considerations 137 environment variables 386LINK 37 FORT9OL 144 FUnn 151 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 159 Index FUnnBF 152 ERRATA TXT 9 errors compiler 17 Exe executable file name switch 29 exiting ED for Windows 52 extended characters 57 F f90SQL Lite Help 9 f90sql f90SQL Lite switch 22 file formats direct 138 formatted sequential 138 transparent 138 unformatted sequential 138 file filename switch 22 FILELIST TXT 9 filenames 12 MOD extension 13 default linker extensions 37 object file 13 output file 13 source file 13 files 386LINK EXE 12 CFIG386 EXE 133 ERRATA TXT 9 HDRSTRIP F90 134 LINKERR TXT 9 PENTEST F90 134 SEQUNF F90 134 TELLME EXE 134 TRYBLK F90 134 UNFSEQ EXE 135 WHICH EXE 135 find text 57 fix fixed source form switch 23 formatted sequential file format 138 FORT90L environment variable 144 FULLWARN linker warning switch 34 function procedure list 56 FUnn environment variable 151 FUnnBF environment variable 152 G g runtime option 148 g debug switch 23 H HDRSTRIP F90 134 help ED for Windows 54 hints determining load image size 139 efficiency considera
67. and Column Filename Wrap eaten linsert New Line 06 52 05 Thu 23May1996 In 25 860 cIm 34 E The Text Bar ED s Text Bar provides a visual reminder of lines that have been edited and lines that have been added When debugging see Debugging on page 61 the Text Bar marks the cur rent line and lines with breakpoints You can activate the Text Bar by right clicking on white space to the left of any line or by selecting Opt ions Configuration Display and checking the Text Bar Visible box Edited Line Breakpoint __ print Current Line E print a print l eenaa print 1 factorials 2 Fahrenheit to Celsius conversion 3 print Toolbars Toolbars provide a quick way to issue commands with the mouse ED comes with a variety of toolbars Display different toolbars by pressing the Select Toolbar button on the status bar Point to a toolbar button to pop up quick help on that button To issue the command left click Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 53 Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED The Window Bar ED s window bar makes switching between open files easy Left click on a window tab to make that window current Right click on a tab to perform other operations on that file Getting Help Get general help on ED by pressing F1 Get context sensitive help by pressing Shift F1 Both general and context sensitive help are also available through the Help menu A quick to
68. ariables with a name that matches regular expression regex When regex is omitted all variable names and types are displayed Scripts alias cmd cma str Assigns the fdb command s in cmd str to alias cmd alias cmd show alias cmd display the alias cmd definition When cmd is omitted all the definitions are displayed unalias cmd Remove the alias cmd definition When cmd is omitted all the definitions are removed Signals signal sig action Behavior action is set for signal sig Please refer to signal 5 for the name which can be spec ified for sig The possible values for action are stopped Execution stopped when signal sig encountered throw Execution not stopped when signal sig encountered show signal sig Displays the set response for signal sig If sig is omitted the response for all signals is displayed Miscellaneous Controls param listsize num The number of lines displayed by the 1ist command is set to num The initial default value of num is 10 param prompt str str is used as a prompt character string The initial default value is fdb Note that the double quotes are required Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 77 Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FDB 78 param printelements num Set the number of displayed array elements to num when printing arrays The initial default value is 200 The minimum value of num is 10 Setting num to 0 implies no limit param prm Displ
69. ay the value of parameter prm Files show exec Display the name of the current executable file param execpath path Add path to the execution file search path If path is omitted the value of the search path is displayed Note that this search path is comprised of a list of directories separated by semicolons param srcpath path Add path to the source file search path when searching for procedures variables etc If path is omitted the value of the search path is displayed Note that this search path is comprised of a list of directories separated by semicolons show source Display the name of the current source file show sources Display the names of all source files in the program Fortran 95 Specific breakall md Set a breakpoint in all Fortran procedures including internal procedures in module mdl breakall func Set a breakpoint in all internal procedures in procure func show ffile Displays information about the files that are currently open in the Fortran program Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Communicating with fdb show fopt Display the runtime options specified at the start of Fortran program execution Communicating with fdb Functions In a Fortran 95 program if modules and internal subprograms are used functions are speci fied as the following A module subprogram sub defined inside a module module is specified as module sub An entry point ent defined inside a module mod
70. c inproc specifies function or subroutine proc in current scoping unit or internal procedure inproc within proc or procedure proc contained in module mod e addr specifies a physical address default radix is hexadecimal e If location is omitted it defaults to the current line of code The conditional expression expr can be constructed of program variables typedef elements and constants along with the following operators Minus unary operator Plus unary operator Assignment statement Scalar relational operator lt lt gt gt LT LE EQ NE GT GE Logical operator NOT AND OR EQV NEQV break file line Sets a breakpoint at the line number line in the source file file If omitted file defaults to the current file Note that the apostrophes in file above are the standard apostrophe charac ter ascii 39 break file funcname Sets a breakpoint at the entry point of the function funcname in the source file file If omitted file defaults to the current file Note that the apostrophes in file above are the standard apostrophe character ascii 39 break addr Sets a breakpoint at address addr break Sets a breakpoint at the current line Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 69 Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FDB 70 condition n expr Associate conditional exprestion expr with the breakpoint whose ser
71. ccssseeeeeeeees 133 CRIG386 EXE rry eiee 133 Configuring New Switches 0 0 133 HDRSTRIP P90 j noirits ipani 134 PENTES DFO O g a 134 SEQUNE FOO e e en a oaks 134 ERY BLK F90 8 suseincinatnnnin anes 134 UNFSEQ EXE oieee odose eetis 135 WHICH EXE cienie asn enas 135 RSE EXE nenaon i 135 Programming Hints ssesesseees 137 Efficiency Considerations cesses 137 Side Elfects c rnision aiios 137 File Formats sssr sires ion issirisorineiis reses 138 Formatted Sequential File Format 138 Unformatted Sequential File Format 138 Direct File Format 0 eee 139 Transparent File Format 00 0 0 139 Contents Determine Load Image Size eee 139 Dik Tame sess costes ies sscssssevthges eects eesaste esta toehs 139 Year 2000 compliance oo ee eeeeeeeeeee 140 Limits of Operation 0 ee eee eeeeeeeeeeee 141 Runtime Options cccssseeeesseeeeeeees 143 Command Format 0 eee eee eeeceeeeseeeeee 143 Command Shell Variable ee 144 Execution Return Values cceesceeeeeeee 145 Standard Input and Output 145 Runtime Options eee esc ceeeteenees 145 Description of Options cece 146 Shell Variables for Input Output 151 Lahey Technical Support 00008 153 Hours hn ce ait k R 153 Technical Support Services eee 154 How Lahey Fixes Bugs eee 154 Contacting Lahey 0 eee eeeeeeeee 154 Information You Provide 1 00 0 eee
72. cking The chk switch will not check bounds in the following conditions e The referenced expression has the POINTER attribute or is a structure one or more of whose structure components has the POINTER attribute e The referenced expression is an assumed shape array e The referenced expression is an array section with vector subscript e The referenced variable is a dummy argument corresponding to an actual argument that is an array section e The referenced expression is in a masked array assignment e The referenced expression is ina FORALL statements and constructs e The referenced expression has the PARAMETER attribute e The parent string is a scalar constant Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches N JCHKGLOBAL Global Checking Compile only Default nchkglobal Specify chkglobal to generate compiler error messages for inter program unit diagnos tics and to perform full compile time and runtime checking The global checking will only be performed on the source which is compiled within one invo cation of the compiler the command line For example the checking will not occur on a USEd module which is not compiled at the same time as the source containing the USE state ment nor will the checking occur on object files or libraries specified on the command line Because specifying chkglobal forces chk x specification of chkglobal must be used for compilation of all files of t
73. crit ical information for your support request It may even help you solve your problem on the spot It presents a series of dialogs that will guide you to provide the most pertinent informa tion generating a file that you can attach to your e mail to support lahey com Start it from the LF95 toolbar in Lahey ED Developer or from the Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 folder in your Programs menu or run TSQ World Wide Web Site Our URL is http www lahey com Visit our web site to get the latest information and product patch and fix files and to access other sites of interest to Fortran programmers Lahey Warranties Lahey s 30 Day Money Back Guarantee Lahey agrees to unconditionally refund to the purchaser the entire purchase price of the prod uct including shipping charges up to a maximum of 10 00 within 30 days of the original purchase date All refunds require a Lahey Returned Materials Authorization RMA number Lahey must receive the returned product within 15 days of assigning you an RMA number If you pur chased your Lahey product through a software dealer the return must be negotiated through that dealer Lahey s Extended Warranty Lahey agrees to refund to the purchaser the entire purchase price of the product excluding shipping at any time subject to the conditions stated below Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 155 Chapter 13 Lahey Technical Support 156 All refunds require a Lahey Returned Materials
74. d as such and distinguished from user defined program arguments Note that it is W followed by a lowercase L not the number one Please note also that if an option is specified more than once with different arguments the last occurrence is used Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 143 Chapter 12 Runtime Options Command Shell Variable 144 As an alternative to the command line the shell variable FORT90L may be used to specify runtime options Any runtime options specified in the command line are combined with those specified in FORT90OL The command line arguments take precedence over the correspond ing options specified in the shell variable FORT9OL The following examples show how to use the shell variable FORT90L the actual meaning of each runtime option will be described in the sections below Example 1 Setting the value of shell variable FORT9OL and executing the program as such set FORT90L W1 e99 le a exe W1 m99 k has the same effect as the command line a exe W1 e99 le m99 k The result is that when executing the program a exe the runtime options e99 le and m99 and user defined executable program argument k are in effect Example 2 When the following command lines are used set FORT9OL W1 e10 a exe W1 e99 the result is that a exe is executed with runtime option e99 is in effect overriding the option e10 set by shell variable FORT9OL Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Execution
75. dditional time is spent in processing the names themselves because Windows requires certain ordering rules to be followed within the executable itself You can reduce the link time by reducing the number of named COMMON blocks you use Instead of coding common al i common a2 j common a3 k common al000 k1000 code common a i j k k1000 Link time may also be reduced by using the NOMAP switch Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 139 Chapter 11 Programming Hints Year 2000 compliance The Year 2000 problem arises when a computer program uses only two digits to represent the current year and assumes that the current century is 1900 A compiler can look for indi cations that this might be occurring in a program and issue a warning but it cannot foresee every occurrence of this problem It is ultimately the responsibility of the programmer to cor rect the situation by modifying the program The most likely source of problems for Fortran programs is the use of the obsolete DATE subroutine Even though LF95 will compile and link programs that use DATE its use is strongly discouraged the use of DATE_AND_TIMEO which returns a four digit date is recommended in its place LF95 can be made to issue a warning at runtime whenever a call to DATEQ is made This can be accomplished by running a program with the runtime options W1 Ry 1i for example myprog exe W1 Ry li For more information on runtime options
76. de 153 Chapter 13 Lahey Technical Support Technical Support Services 154 Lahey provides free technical support to registered users This support includes assistance in the use of our software and in getting any bugs you may find in our software fixed It does not include tutoring in how to program in FORTRAN or how to use any host operating system How Lahey Fixes Bugs Lahey s technical support goal is to make sure you can create working executables using LF95 Towards this end Lahey maintains a bug reporting and prioritized resolution system We give a bug a priority based on its severity The definition of any bug s severity is determined by whether or not it directly affects your ability to build and execute a program If a bug keeps you from being able to build or execute your program it receives the highest priority If you report a bug that does not keep you from creating a working program it receives a lower priority Also if Lahey can provide a workaround to the bug it receives a lower priority In recognizing that problems sometimes occur in changing software versions Lahey allows you to revert to an earlier version of the software until Lahey resolves the problem Lahey continues to fix bugs in a numbered version of LF95 until 60 days after the next num bered version is released Contacting Lahey To expedite support services we prefer written or electronic communications via FAX or e mail These system
77. demo and press Enter The DEMO program begins and a screen similar to the following screen displays Copyright Lahey Computer f the 2nd kind em calls You ve successfully built and run the Lahey demonstration program 6 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Building Your First WiSK Program Building Your First WiSK Program LF95 comes bundled with a graphics library called WiSK the Winteracter Starter Kit which is derived from the full Winteracter library created by Interactive Software Services Ltd Winteracter is a Win32 and Fortran 90 dedicated user interface and graphics development tool that allows Fortran programmers to incorporate dialogs menus presentation graphics and other windows features into their applications Building and running an LF95 Windows program with WiSK is accomplished as follows 1 Create a user interface using the DialogEd and MenuEd design tools fully docu mented in the Winteracter Starter Kit Manual These tools will generate a Windows resource rc file 2 Create a Fortran source file using the Lahey ED for Windows editor or any other ASCII text editor Parameters defined in the resource file and used in the Fortran source must be declared in the Fortran source as well see the Winteracter Starter Kit Manual for a detailed explanation 3 Generate an executable program using the LF95 driver Specify the wisk switch and include your Fortran source s and resource file
78. directory as the first object file listed on the command line Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 29 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 30 This switch takes a single argument which is the path and name of the output file If the file extension EXE is specified an executable file will be created If the file extension DLL is specified a dynamic link library will be created If the file extension L1B is specified a static library will be created If no extension is specified EXE is assumed with ndll DLL is assumed with d11 If the d11 switch is specified DLL is assumed If no path informa tion is specified with the file name then the output file is placed in the current directory Example LF95 hello obj out d LF95 hello exe LF95 main obj out maintest N PAUSE Pause After Program Completion Compile only Default npause Specifying pause will cause the executable program to wait for a keystroke from the user at program completion before returning to the operating system This switch can be used to keep the console window from vanishing at program completion thereby allowing the user to view the final console output A console window will vanish at program completion if the program is invoked from Windows Explorer or the Start menu or if the console is generated by a Windows GUI application See also WIN or WINCONSOLE NJPCA Protect Constant Arguments Compile
79. e 111 Chapter 7 Automake The AND keyword may be inserted in your configuration file to add a new compilation phase You can reset the values of FILES COMPILE INCLUDE OBJUDIR OBJEXT and MOD ULI E for each phase All default to the value used in the previous phase except that OBJDIR defaults to the new source directory The following example shows how this feature might be used with the LF95 compiler The same principles apply to other compilers and other platforms Example Configuration file for Multi Phase Compilation Compilation 1 files in current directory LF95 INCLUDE include FILES 90 OBJDIR 0bj COMPILE 1f95 c Sfi i id o Sod sf oe tp ol AND Compilation 2 files in utils INCLUDE defaults to previous value include if OBJDIR were not set it would default to utils NOT obj FILES utils 90 OBJDIR utils obj COMPILE 1f 95 c fi i id o Relink ARGET current exe LINK 1 95 ob exe ex oe odssf toe sav chk Automake Notes 112 As AUTOMAKE executes it issues brief messages to explain the reasons for all compilations It also indicates when it is scanning through a file to look for INCLUDE statements If for any reason the dependency file is deleted AUTOMAKE will create a new one Execution of the first AUTOMAKE will be slower than usual because of the need to rege
80. e name of the directory in which object files are stored For example OBJDIR OBJ The trailing is optional If OBJDIR is not specified AUTOMAKE assumes that source and object files are in the same directory Note that if source and object files are not in the same directory the compiler will also have to be told where to put object files You can do this using a 30D place marker which expands to the directory specified using OBJDIR OBJEXT May be used to specify a non standard object file extension For example to specify that object files have the extension abc specify OBJEXT ABC This option may be useful for dealing with unusual compilers but more commonly to allow AUTOMAKE to deal with processes other than compilation for example you could use AUTOMAKE to ensure that all altered source files are run through a pre processor prior to compilation MODULE May be used to specify the name of the directory in which module files are stored MODULE MODS Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Multi Phase Compilation The trailing is optional If MODULE is not specified AUTOMAKE assumes that source and module files are in the same directory Note that if source and module files are not in the same directory the compiler will also have to be told where to put module files You can do this using a MO place marker which expands to the directory specified using MODULE DEP May be used
81. e running the LF95 compiler you must first build your DLL Refer to your C manual for specifics The C compiler builds a LIB file for the DLL To compile your Fortran source that calls a Microsoft Visual C DLL type LF95 source 90 win ml msvc lib dll_src lib To compile your Fortran source that calls a Borland C DLL type LF95 source 90 win ml bc lib dll_src lib Where dll_src lib is the name of the import library Passing arguments from Fortran to a C DLL is done in the same way as for calling the Windows API For more information see Calling the Windows API on page 48 Referencing DLL Procedures Fortran functions are called from C as functions returning a value For example this Fortran function Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Referencing DLL Procedures integer function foo i j integer i j end function foo uses this C prototype long foo long int i long int j To reference the above function from your C code declare it with __stdcall long __stdcall foo long int i long int j In C use extern C long __stdcall foo long int i long int j For a short example see mkvcf 90 bat in LF95 s MIX_LANG Mmsvc directory for Microsoft Visual C or mkbcf90 bat for Borland C in LF95 s MIX_LANG BC directory Passing Arguments from C or C Subroutines and default INTEGER REAL and LOGICAL function types are supported Lahey s calling conventions are as fo
82. ecessary The order of driver arguments allows unambiguous interpretation LF95 bill 90 checksum Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches N FIX Fixed Source Form Compile only Default nfix for 90 and 95 files fix for foror f files Specify fix to instruct the compiler to interpret source files as Fortran 90 fixed source form nfix instructs the compiler to interpret source files as Fortran 90 free source form Example LF95 bob rsp bill f 90 If the command file BOB RSP contains fix BILL F90 will be interpreted as fixed source form even though it has the free source form extension F90 LF95 assumes a default file extension of 90 Specifying fix causes LF95 to assume a default file extension of for All source files compiled at the same time must be fixed or free LF95 doesn t compile files including INCLUDE files containing both fixed and free source form N G Debug Compile and link Default ng Specify g to instruct the compiler to generate an expanded symbol table and other informa tion for the debugger g automatically overrides any optimization switch and forces o00 no optimizations so your executable will run more slowly than if one of the higher optimi zation levels were used g is required to use the debugger Supplemental debug information is stored in a file having the same name as the executable file with extension YDG If the following erro
83. ed by appending a radix specifier to the number The following table lists the bases and their radix specifiers Table 2 Radix Specifiers Base Radix Specifier Example of 32 in base 2 Borb 10000b 8 Qorg 40q 10 none 32 16 Horh 20h The underscore character _ can be used in numbers to make them more readable 80000000h is the same as 8000_0000h NJAP Arithmetic Precision Compile only Default nap Specify ap to guarantee the consistency of REAL and COMPLEX calculations regardless of optimization level user variables are not assigned to registers Consider the following example Example X S T 2Y xX U 3 Y xX U By default nap during compilation of statement 2 the compiler recognizes the value X is already in a register and does not cause the value to be reloaded from memory At statement 3 the value X may or may not already be in a register and so the value may or may not be reloaded accordingly Because the precision of the datum is greater in a register than in mem ory a difference in precision at statements 2 and 3 may occur Specify ap to choose the memory reference for non INTEGER operands that is registers are reloaded ap must be specified when testing for the equality of randomly generated values The default nap allows the compiler to take advantage of the current values in registers with possibly greater accuracy in low order bits Specifying ap will usually g
84. ee expressions Right clicking on a DO statement jumps to the corresponding END DO state ment Right clicking on an IF statement jumps in succession to any ELSE or ELSE IF statements and ultimately to the corresponding END IF statement To toggle between edit and view modes use the Alt F3 key When in view mode the file is protected from changes and is not locked permitting other people to view the file at the same time Undo and Redo You can undo any editing or cursor movement in ED To undo the previous operation select Edit Undo or press Ctrl Z To redo the last operation you have undone select Edit Redo or press Ctrl Y Extended Characters To type characters outside the range of your keyboard e Be sure the NumLock key is on e Type Alt 0ANSTI character code to enter Microsoft Windows ANSI font characters above 127 e Type Alt OEM character code to enter DOS extended characters above 127 e Toenter characters below 32 such as A B C etc select Edit Verbatim Character then type the character This prevents the control key sequence from being inter preted as an ED command Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 57 Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED Blocks A block is an area of marked text Once marked a block can be deleted moved copied searched sorted or printed Block Operations ED recognizes three kinds of blocks stream line and column e Stream blocks are the usual Windows marked
85. elphi DLLs Before running the LF95 compiler you must first build your DLL Refer to your Delphi manual for the specifics Because Delphi does not build a LIB file for the DLL you will need to specify the imported names on the command line To compile a Fortran routine to call a Delphi DLL LF95 main f 90 win ml bd implib my_dll dll import funcl func2 where main 90 is the fortran program which calls func1 and func2 in my_d11 d11 Running the Fortran Calling Delphi Demo 1 From Delphi open F90CALBD DPR in LF95 s MIX_LANG BD directory 2 Build the DLL by pressing Ctr1 F9 3 Copy F90CALBD DLL to LF95 s MIX_LANG BD directory 4 Change to LF95 s MIX_LANG BD directory 5 Run the compiler as follows LF95 90calbd 90 win ml bd implib f 90calbd dll import bd_min bd_max 6 Run the resulting executable F9OCALBD EXE Examples Please refer to the examples in the directories below LF95 s EXAMPLES directory for further information on using the Fortran DLL interface Calling the Windows API See the file READ_API TXT for information on making direct calls to the Windows API Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Static Linking Static Linking Linking statically gives a single executable file that contains all of the executable code and static data in the program LF95 can link statically with code produced with Microsoft Visual C C or Borland C C Informatio
86. enerate slower executables Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches NO BANNER Linker Banner Link only Default banner banner displays a 386ILINK copyright message with the 386ILINK version and serial number nobanner suppresses the 386ILINK copyright message BLOCK blocksize Default blocksize Compile only Default 8192 bytes Specify block to default to a specific blocksize on OPEN statements See blocksize in the LF95 Language Reference blocksize must be a decimal INTEGER constant Specifying an optimal blocksize can make an enormous improvement in the speed of your executable The program TRYBLOCK F90 in the SRC directory demonstrates how changing blocksize can affect execution speed Some experimentation with blocksize in your program is usually nec essary to determine the optimal value N C Suppress Linking Compile only Default nc Specify c to create object OBJ and if necessary module MOD files without creating an executable This is especially useful in makefiles see Automake on page 101 where it is not always desirable to perform the entire build process with one invocation of the driver NJCHK Checking Compile only Default nchk Specify chk to generate a fatal runtime error message when substring and array subscripts are out of range when non common variables are accessed before they are initialized when array expression shapes do not matc
87. erial number is required to install LF95 and to receive technical support You ll also be given the choice to run Online Update as a post installation option This will update your product to the most recent version of LF95 from Lahey s web site 5 Reboot your system or log out and log in if using Windows NT this insures that your system environment is properly configured You are now ready to build your first program Network Installation Network Administrator The network administrator role is to install the files on a network server drive for use by users on the client systems Running the installation with the com mand line arguments below will install the product files without creating icons except the Internet folder to access Online Update and without updating the system for use of the installed product components It is required that you have purchased a site license from Lahey Computer Systems Inc or that you run monitoring software that limits the number of concurrent users of each tool in the distribution to the number of licenses purchased 1 Enter this in the StartIRun option do not run from the autoplay Setup Menu lt d gt nstall32 netserver main lt n m gt ed4w lt n e gt with these substitutions the network pathname is the drive and directory specification lt d gt the CD drive containing the Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 CD lt n m gt the network pathname for the compiler installation lt n e gt the
88. es of type logical are represented as t or f Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 79 Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FDB 80 Addresses Addresses can be represented as unsigned decimal numbers unsigned octal numbers which must start with 0 or unsigned hexadecimal numbers which must start with 0x or 0x The following examples show print commands with address specifications memprint 1024 The content of the area addressed by 0x0400 is displayed memprint 01024 The content of the area addressed by 0x0214 is displayed memprint 0x1024 The content of the area addressed by 0x1024 is displayed Registers SBP Base Pointer SSP Stack Pointer SEIP Program counter SEFLAGS Processor state register ST 0 7 Floating point registers Names In Fortran 95 programs a lowercase letter in the name such as a function name variable name and so on is the same as the corresponding uppercase letter The main program name is MAIN_ and a subprogram name is generated by adding an underscore _ after the corre sponding name specified in the Fortran source program A common block name is also generated by adding an underscore _ after the corresponding name specified in the Fortran source program Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Windows Debugging with WinFDB WinFDB is the Windows version of the FDB symbolic source level debugger for Fortran 95 C and assembly programs While debugging you can watch t
89. f the features of the Lahey LF90 compiler a runtime support Successful execution of thi indicates that installation has been success oO compatibility This FORTRAN file can be compiled and run wi LF90 language systems Note that the code i use of extensions to the FORTRAN 77 standard to create run Enter the following twof commands in the orde gt Window Tabs Status Bar linsert 16 10 37 Wed 22May 1996 In 19 860 elm 44 demof90 The Menu Bar ED features pull down menus from which the various ED commands can be invoked To open a menu click on item on the menu bar with the mouse or press Alt underlined letter Select a command by clicking on it with the mouse or by pressing underlined letter 52 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide The Status Bar Insert Overtype View Mode Word The Status Bar The status bar displays information about the current state of ED It is more than informa tional Click on e Insert Overtype View to toggle Insert Overtype View mode e the Word Wrap Status to toggle word wrap on or off e the Macro Status to play the current macro e the Time and Date to change the time and date format e the Cursor Line and Column to go to a particular line and column e Edited to save the current file e the Filename to change the active window e Select Toolbar to select or deselect toolbars i Window Number Select Macro K w Status Time and Date Cursor Line
90. filename Unless the full path of filename is provided WinFDB will assume it resides in the current working directory Starting from the Windows desktop Start the debugger by double clicking the WinFDB icon if it is present the desktop icon is offered as an option at installation time otherwise use the Start Programs dialog Starting from the ED Developer There are two ways of starting the WinFDB debugger while in ED You can click on the Debug button from the toolbar or select Tools Debug ED will assume the executable file has the same name as the source file in the currently active edit window If prompted enter the name of the executable file including the filename extension exe and if the file is not in ED s current directory a path For example if the executable file myprog exe is ina directory called programs below the root you would enter programs myprog exe Terminating the Debugger Terminate the Debugger by selecting the Exit Debugger command from the File menu in the debugger window Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Debugger Window Debugger Window Menu bar Tool bar Current line of execution Status bar See the figure below amp Fujitsu Workbench Debugger d demo cov tp1_exe File Program Debug Mode Window View Help sal a oll Hanes 2 character 26 ch do 46 kkk 1 10000 do 14 i 1 26 ch izi continue call getarg 1 ch do 10 i 1 2
91. func2 LF95 main implib A import Al implib B import B1 B2 B3 IMPORT Import a DLL Function Link only Default not specified Syntax IMPORT dllname funcname or IMPORT anyfunc dllname funcname where dilname is the DLL library from which to import the function funcname is the name of the function being imported and anyfunc is an alias for the name of the actual function the alias is useful for handling differences in naming conventions The name of the DLL library can be omitted if it was specified previously with the imp1ib switch Example LF95 main import mathlib getnum mathlib tan LF95 main import _getnum 12 mathlib getnum LF95 main implib mathlib import _getnum 12 getnum NJIN Implicit None Compile only Default nin Specifying in is equivalent to including an IMPLICIT NONE statement in each program unit of your source file no implicit typing is in effect over the source file When nin is specified standard implicit typing rules are in effect Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches NJINFO Display Informational Messages Compile only Default ninfo Specify info to display informational messages at compile time Informational messages include such things as the level of loop unrolling performed variables declared but never used divisions changed to multiplication by reciprocal etc NJLI Lahey Intrinsic Procedures Compile and link Default 1
92. fy the number of Fortran records in the shell variable FUmnBF where nn is the unit number see Shell Vari ables for Input Output on page 151 for details When the d option and shell variable are specified at the same time the d option takes precedence The optional argument num spec ifies the number of Fortran records in fixed block format included in one block The optional argument num must be an integer from to 32767 To obtain the input output work area size multiply num by the value specified in the RECL specifier of the OPEN statement If the files are shared by several processes the number of Fortran records per block must be 1 If the d option is omitted the size of the input output work area is 4K bytes Example a exe W1 d10 ef num The e option controls termination based on the total number of execution errors The option argument num specifies the error limit as an integer from 0 to 32767 When num is greater than or equal to 1 execution terminates when the total number of errors reaches the limit If enum is omitted or num is zero execution is not terminated based on the error limit However program execution still terminates if the Fortran system error limit is reached Example a exe W1 e10 gnum The g option sets the size of the input output work area used by a sequential access input output statement This size is set in units of kilobytes for all unit numbers used during exe cution The argument num
93. gs with the length of each string appended at the end of the argument list Character string arguments and hidden length arguments must be passed by value i e declare the procedure s arguments actual and hidden with the ByVal keyword Refer to the example VBDEMO program The following restrictions apply e Character arguments should be declared as CHARACTER LEN e Fortran functions returning character data to Visual Basic are not supported Passing Arrays in Visual Basic When passing an array from Microsoft Visual Basic you will need to declare the argument as a scalar value in the Basic declaration and pass the first element of the array as the actual argument Declare the array dummy argument normally in the Fortran procedure Note that the default lower bound for arrays in Visual Basic is 0 so you may find it helpful to explicitly declare your Fortran arrays with a lower bound of 0 for each dimension or explicitly declare your Basic arrays to have a lower bound of 1 this can be done at the module or procedure level via the Option Base statement Note also that arrays of strings cannot be passed from Visual Basic to LF95 Running the Visual Basic Demo 1 Compile the VBDEMO F90 file located in LF95 s MIX_LANG MSVB directory using the dll win ml msvb switches 2 Ensure that the resulting VBDEMO DLL resides in a directory that is on your path Failure to do this will generally result in an Err
94. h and when procedure arguments do not match in type attributes size or shape Syntax nJchk fa f el l s f ull xh Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 19 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 20 Note Commas are optional but are recommended for readability Table 3 chk Arguments Diagnostic Checking Class Switch Argument Arguments a Array Expression Shape e Subscripts s Undefined variables u Increased extra x Specifying chk with no arguments is equivalent to specifying chk a e s u Specify chk with any combination of a e s u and x to activate the specified diagnostic checking class Specification of the argument x must be used for compilation of all files of the program or incorrect results may occur Do not use with 3rd party compiled modules objects or librar ies Specifically the x argument must be used to compile all USEd modules and to compile program units which set values within COMMONS Specifying the argument x will force undefined variables checking u and will increase the level of checking performed by any other specified arguments Specifying chk adds to the size of a program and causes it to run more slowly sometimes as much as an order of magnitude It forces t race and removes optimization by forcing o0 Example LF95 myprog chk a x instructs the compiler to activate increased runtime argument checking and increased unde fined variables che
95. he Values of Variables Displaying the Values of Variables Values of variables can be displayed three different ways To display the value of a scalar variable of an intrinsic type REAL COMPLEX INTEGER LOGICAL or CHARACTER as opposed to a derived type simply right click on the variable name A box will appear with the name of the variable and its value To display the value of any variable including derived types and arrays and combinations thereof click on the Display Variable button or select Display Variable from the debug menu Select the variable from the list of variables provided The name and value of the variable appear in the SOLD95W Output Window To watch values of variables change as you step through your code open the Watches Dialog by clicking on the Open Watches Dialog button or by selecting Open Watches Dialog from the debug menu A Dialog like the following displays Watch Variables Me x E CHESS BLACK 1 GAME_BOARD GAME_OVER FALSE MOVE_NUMBER 1 USER_PLAYS 1 WHITE 1 WHOS_MOVE 1 Change In the above Watch Dialog GAME_BOARD is an array To expand the values of all elements in the array click on the next to GAME_BOARD Click on to collapse it again This will work for variables of derived type as well The Watch Dialog can be resized by dragging its edges or corners with the mouse It is recommended that large arrays be kept collapsed while stepping through y
96. he program or incorrect results may occur Do not use with 3rd party compiled modules objects or libraries See the description of chk for more information Global checking diagnostics will not be published in the listing file Specifying chkglobal adds to the size of a program and causes it to run more slowly sometimes as much as an order of magnitude It forces chk a e s u x trace and removes optimization by forcing o0 NjCO Compiler Options Compile and link Default co Specify co to display current settings of compiler options specify nco to suppress them NjCOVER Coverage Information Compile and link Default ncover Specify cover to generate information for use by the coverage tool see Chapter 9 The Coverage Tool This switch is required to run the coverage tool if a separate link is performed N DAL Deallocate Allocatables Compile only Default da1 Specify da1 to deallocate allocated arrays that do not appear in DEALLOCATE or SAVE statements when a RETURN STOP or END statement is encountered in the program unit containing the allocatable array Note that nda1 will suppress automatic deallocation even for Fortran 95 files automatic deallocation is standard behavior in Fortran 95 N DBL Double Compile only Default ndb1 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 21 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 22 Specify db1 to extend all single precision REAL and single precision COMPLEX
97. he values of variables change during program execution and set breakpoints with a mouse click The WinFDB debugger can run your program set breakpoints step a line at a time view the values of variables in your program in several different ways and change the values of variables while running your program The current executable line and any breakpoints are indicated with markers in the left margin of the source code display Before debugging your program you must compile it using the g switch see Compiler and Linker Switches on page 17 The g switch creates an additional file with debugging infor mation this file has the same name as the executable with the extension ydg Debugging cannot be performed without the presence of the ydg file in the same directory as the exe cutable file WinFDB cannot be used on LF90 executables This chapter assumes a basic familiarity with Windows It presents an overview of Win FDB s functionality More detailed information is available through WinFDB s on line help How to Start and Terminate WinFDB There are three ways to start the WinFDB debugger 1 From the Windows command prompt 2 From the desktop icon or from the Start menu 3 From the Lahey ED developer Starting from the command prompt Type WINFDB followed optionally by the name of the executable file to be debugged Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 81 Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinFDB 82 WINEDB
98. here are two ways to start the sampler 1 From the Windows desktop icon 2 From the Windows command prompt Starting from the Sampler icon Start the sampler by double clicking the Sampler icon on your Windows desktop if you chose to have an icon at installation time otherwise start it from the Start Programs menu Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 115 Chapter 8 The Sampler Tool Starting from the Command prompt Type SAMP followed by the lt Enter gt key Terminating the Sampler To terminate the sampler choose the Exit Sampler command from the File menu in the sam pler window The Sampler Window See the figure below for the sampler window te Fujitsu Workbench Sampler Calling Tree d demo cov tp1 exe i Eg File Collect Display View Window Help PASE lols el gl Function Cost d demo cov tp1_exe 83 _func_1_ d __ncov_block Ee 16 NtSavekey a NtwriteFile a __ncov_entra acrtused iz Calling Tree d demo coyv tp1 exe iof x jwe xend aj __call_unex __ GetExceptD _9_aqcj GetModuleFil GetLargestCo RET 2 The above figure illustrates the following items 1 The Toolbar which contains icons that activate frequently used commands These commands can also be executed from the Menu Bar 116 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Sampler Menus 2 The Status Bar which displays an explanation of each menu command 3 The Function Cost and Calling Tree wi
99. i Specify nli to avoid recognizing non standard Lahey intrinsic procedures Lib filename Library Link only Default none The Lib switch specifies one or more library files The names of the library files immedi ately follow the switch separated by either spaces or commas If no filename extension is specified for a library file the linker assumes the extension LIB The Lib switch may be used multiple times in a single linker command string The linker builds a list of the library files and processes them in the order they were specified on the command line To create and maintain libraries of commonly used functions use the LM library manager See Chapter 6 LM Librarian Syntax Lib libl lib2 lib and lib2 are one or more library files Example LF95 hello obj lib mylib LIBPath path Library Path Link only Default current directory The LIBPath switch allows specification of one or more directories to be searched for libraries Note that all necessary library files must still be called out in the command line Syntax LIBPath dirl dir2 dirl and dir2 are one or more directories to be searched Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 25 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 26 Example LF95 main obj libpath d mylibs lib mine lib pack LF95 main obj libp d mylibs e yourlibs lib mine yours Directory names specified for LIBPath must not end with a delimiter The linker w
100. ial number is n Note that the symbol is required condition n Remove any condition associated with the breakpoint whose serial number is n Note that the symbol is required oncebreak Sets a temporary breakpoint that is deleted after the program is stopped at the breakpoint once OnceBreak in other regards including arguments works like Break regularbreak regex Set a breakpoint at the beginning of all functions or procedures with a name matching regular expression regex delete location Removes the breakpoint at location location as described in above syntax description delete file line Removes the breakpoint for the line number ine in the source file specified as file If omitted file defaults to the current file Note that the apostrophes in file above are the standard apostrophe character ascii 39 delete file funcname Removes the breakpoint for the entry point of the function funcname in the source file file If omitted file defaults to the current file Note that the apostrophes in file above are the standard apostrophe character ascii 39 delete addr Removes the breakpoint for the address addr delete n Removes breakpoint number n delete Removes all breakpoints skip n count Skips the breakpoint number n count times Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Controlling Program Execution onstop n cma cmd2 cmd3 cmdn U
101. ibraries Linker 38 6LINK EXE is the linker The linker combines object files and libraries into a sin gle executable program or dynamic link library The linker also adds Windows resources like icons and cursors into Windows executables Import library manager Import library managers are provided with various 32 bit Win dows user interface tools From definition files output by the compiler an import library manager creates import libraries for use with LF95 dynamic link libraries DLLs Resource Compiler RC EXE is the resource compiler It converts Windows resource files RC files to RES files RES files are converted by RES20BJ EXE into object files Running LF95 12 To run the driver type LF95 followed by a list of one or more file names and optional com mand line switches LF95 filenames switches The driver searches for the various tools the compiler library manager linker import library manager and resource compiler first in the directory the driver is located and then if not found on the DOS path The command line switches are discussed later in this chapter Filenames Depending on the extension s of the filename s specified the driver will invoke the neces sary tools The extensions F95 F90 FOR and F for example cause the compiler to be invoked The extension OBJ causes the linker to be invoked the extension RC causes the resource comp
102. ich object modules from libraries are processed is not always obvious The linker applies the following rules when searching object libraries 1 Any libraries specified using the Lib switch are searched in the order in which they appear in the LF95 command string before the LF95 runtime library The compiler writes the LF95 default library names into each object file it generates 2 Each library is searched until all possible external references including backward references within the library are resolved 3 If necessary the linker recursively scans the list of libraries until all external refer ences are resolved Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 37 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 This algorithm is particularly important when two different object modules in two different libraries each have a public symbol with the same name If both object modules are linked the linker signals a duplicate symbol error because they both have public symbols which are referenced elsewhere in the program However if the only symbol referenced in both object modules is the duplicate symbol then only the first object module encountered is linked and no error message is generated In this latter case the object module which actually gets linked is determined by applying the rules listed above Mixed Language Programming LF95 code can call and be called by code written in certain other languages This can be done via dynamic linking DLLs or
103. icrosoft Visual C C For more information on DLLs see Using DLLs on page 38 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Controlling Compilation Controlling Compilation During the compilation phase the driver submits specified source files to the compiler for compilation and optimization If the c compile only switch is specified processing will stop after the compiler runs and modules are created if necessary See N C on page 19 Otherwise processing continues with linking and possibly import library creation Errors in Compilation If the compiler encounters errors or questionable code you may receive any of the following types of diagnostic messages a letter precedes each message indicating its severity U Unrecoverable error messages indicate it is not practical to continue compilation S Serious error messages indicate the compilation will continue but no object file will be generated W Warning messages indicate probable programming errors that are not serious enough to prevent execution Can be suppressed with the nw or swm switch I Informational messages suggest possible areas for improvement in your code and give details of optimizations performed by the compiler These are normally sup pressed but can be seen by specifying the info switch see NJINFO on page 25 If no unrecoverable or serious errors are detected by the compiler the DOS ERRORLEVEL is set to zero
104. iler RES2OBJ and the linker to be invoked RES causes RES20BJ and the linker to be invoked Filenames containing spaces must be enclosed in quotes Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Switches Note the extension MOD is reserved for compiler generated module files Do not use this extension for your Fortran source files Source Filenames One or more source filenames may be specified either by name or using the DOS wildcards and Filenames must be separated by a space Example LF95 90 If the files ONE F90 TWO F90 and THREE FOR were in the current directory ONE F90 and TWO F90 would be compiled and linked together and the stub bound executable file ONE EXE would be created because the driver found ONE F 90 before TWO F90 in the cur rent directory THREE FOR would not be compiled because its extension does not match the extension specified on the LF95 command line Source filenames are specified as a complete file name or can be given without an extension in which case LF95 supplies the default extension F90 In the absence of a switch specify ing otherwise F 90 specifies interpretation as Fortran 90 free source form FOR and F specify interpretation as Fortran 90 fixed source form If files with both the FOR or F and F90 appear on the same command line then all are assumed to use the source form the driver assumes for the last file s
105. ill affix the directory delimiter to the file name being sought NJLONG Long Integers Compile only Default nlong Specify long to extend all default INTEGER variables arrays constants and functions to INTEGER KIND 8 If you use long all source files including modules in a program should be compiled with 1ong N LST Listing Compile only Default nist Specify 1st to generate a listing file that contains the source program compiler options date and time of compilation and any compiler diagnostics The compiler outputs one listing file for each source file specified By default listing file names consist of the root of the source file name plus the extension 1st Syntax n lst spec svall spec sval Where spec is for the listing file name or i to include INCLUDE files For f sval the listing file name sval specifies the listing file name to use instead of the default If a file with this name already exists it is overwritten If the file can t be overwrit ten the compiler aborts If the user specifies a listing file name and more than one source file possibly using wild cards then the driver diagnoses the error and aborts For i sval sval is one of the characters of the set YyNn where y and y indicate that include files should be included in the listing and N and n indicate that they should not By default include files are not included in the listing Example LF95 myprog lst i
106. indows What s Next For a more complete description of the development process and instructions for using Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 please turn to Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 Before continuing however please read the files readme txt and errata txt These contain important last minute information and changes to the documentation Other Sources of Information Files README TX last minute information README_API TX Windows API programming information README_C TX C interface documentation README _ASSEMBLY TXT assembly interface documentation README _WISK TXT last minute WiSK information 8 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Other Sources of Information README_COMPATIBLE TXT compatible products directory README_F 90GL TX F9OGL Fortran bindings to OpenGL information README _F9O0SQL TXT f90SQL Lite information README _SERVICE_ROUTINES TXT POSIX and other service routines FILELIST TXT description of all files distributed with LF95 ERRATA TX changes that were made after the manuals went to press INKERR TXT linker error messages Manuals supplied both on line and in hard copy Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 Language Reference Winteracter Starter Kit Manuals supplied on line only C Compiler User s Guide if selected at installation time SSL2 User s Guide SSL2 Extended Capabilities
107. ine and Working Directory fields Table 8 Command Line Variables Variable Evaluates to lt NAME gt Name of the current file including drive and path lt PATH gt Drive and path for the current file Series Filename of current file without drive path and file extension lt EXT gt Filename extension lt CWD gt Current working directory lt ED_DIR gt ED executable s directory lt ENTER gt Prompts the user for a filename lt 1 gt User s response from first lt ENTER gt lt 2 gt User s response from second lt ENTER gt lt 3 gt User s response from third lt ENTER gt lt DATE gt Current system date lt INITIALS gt Your initials lt WORD gt The word at the current cursor position Debugging Lahey ED for Windows integrated debugger can run your program set breakpoints step a line at a time view the values of variables in your program in several different ways and change the values of variables while running your program The current executable line and any breakpoints are indicated with markers in the Text Bar see The Text Bar on page 53 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 61 Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED 62 Starting the Debugger Note that with version 5 5 of LF95 the Lahey ED debugging facility is off by default and is replaced by WinFDB H
108. is loaded automatically If the executable file is not speci fied follow these steps 1 Click the Open command in the File menu to display the Open File dialog box 2 Inthe Open File dialog box click or double click the program to be debugged excutable file 3 Click the Open button After you complete these steps start debugging by clicking the Go command in the Debug menu twice once to load the executable and once more to begin the debug session The source program window will open and the finger icon will appear at the program starting point If the main program is compiled without specifying the g option the source program and the finger icon are not displayed Setting and Deleting Breakpoints Setting a Breakpoint You can stop program execution at any point by setting a breakpoint allowing the status of variables and registers to be examined A breakpoint can only be set on an executable line of code it cannot be set at a comment or variable declaration for example Start the program to be debugged and set the breakpoint when debugging enters start status To set a breakpoint at a line position the mouse pointer on the line number in the source pro gram and click the left mouse button A breakpoint can also be set as follows 1 Select the Breakpoints command from the Debug menu to display the Breakpoints dia log box see the figure below 2 In the Position field in the Breakpoints dialog box specify the line
109. iseni 54 Managing Files eee eee cseeeeceeeeeeeneeene 54 Creating A File From Scratch 54 Opening AFE eenen nn i 55 Syntax Highlighting oe eeeeeee 56 Navigation eee o Ri 56 Previous Next Procedure 0 0 0 cesses 56 Function Procedure List eee 56 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide i Contents Pin ipenn niise sient cede 57 Matching Parentheses and Statements 57 Qin 8 irispena n 57 Undo and Redo ee eeeeeeseeseeereenseeees 57 Extended Characters 00 0 0 ce eeeeeeeeeeeee 57 BIOCKS iiien Ra 58 Coding Shortcuts sssisisissistirinsieeeisiireresis siss 58 Templates iaeano a ra n 58 SMAryPE sieis hese csis rcis en evis r eisini iiia 59 Case Conversion s visresscrserissereostrsessssss 59 Code Completion s sssssseeseeeeseeeseereerersseeses 59 Compiling from ED eee ceeeeeeeeees 60 Compiling Your Program eee 60 Locating Errors eee eeeseeseseeerecneeeees 60 Changing Compiler Options 00 61 Debus eine yes io eye ee ae 61 Starting the Debugger 0 0 0 eee 62 Running Your Program eee 63 Running a Line at a Time 63 Setting Breakpoints eee 63 Displaying the Values of Variables 65 Changing the Values of Variables 66 Reloading your Program eee 66 Configuration cece eeeeseeseecseeseeeseeneeeaes 66 Command Line Debugging with FDB 67 Starting PDB eee esses ceeeeeeeeeeeeeee 67 Commands nosse eniin i 67 Executing and Terminating a P
110. it ju x When runtime options are specified the string WI1 where is lowercase L is required at the beginning of the options list and the options must be separated by commas If the same runtime option is specified more than once with different arguments the last occurrence is used Example a exe W a p10 x Description of Options C or C unit The C option specifies how to process an unformatted file of IBM370 format floating point data using an unformatted input output statement When the C option is specified the data of an unformatted file associated with the specified unit number is regarded as IBM370 format floating point data in an unformatted input output statement The optional argument unit specifies an integer from 0 to 2147483647 as the unit number If optional argument unit is omitted the C option is valid for all unit numbers connected to unformatted files When the specified unit number is connected to a formatted file the option is ignored for the file When the C option is not specified the data of an unformatted file associated with unit number unit is regarded as IEEE format floating point data in an unformatted input output statement Example a exe W1 C10 The M option specifies whether to output the diagnostic message jwe0147i w when bits of the mantissa are lost during conversion of IBM370 IEEE format floating point data If the M option is specified a diagnostic message is output if conversion
111. j2 obj are created Response Files It is possible to place commonly used or long LM command line parameters in a response file LM command line parameters are entered in a response file in the same manner as they would be entered on the command line A new line in a response file is treated like a comma Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 99 Chapter 6 LM Librarian on the LM command line The ampersand character amp is used to continue a line in a com mand file The ampersand character is valid only after an object module name or object filename A blank line is interpreted as the end of input to LM To invoke the response file type LM response filename where response filename is the name of the response file Example oldlib tobjecttobject2 module3 amp module4 listfile lst newlib This adds the objects object and object2 to what was in oldlib lib removes module3 and copies module4 to module4 ob 3 The listing file is written to listfile 1st and the new library is called newlib lib Interactive Mode 100 LM can be operated in interactive mode by typing just LM at the command prompt You will be prompted for input The ampersand character is used to continue a long line of input The following session would perform the same operations as the command file above Example lm Library name oldlib Operations desired objecttobject2 module3 amp Operations desired module4 List filename listfile lst
112. larity or elegance to make a pro gram more efficient The following observations which may not apply to other implementations should be con sidered in cases where program efficiency is critical Start each array dimension at zero not at one which is the default Thus declare an array A to be A 0 99 not A 100 One dimensional arrays are more efficient than two two are more efficient than three etc Make a direct file record length a power of two Unformatted input output is faster for numbers Formatted CHARACTER input output is faster using CHARAC than CHARAC Side Effects LF95 arguments are passed to subprograms by address and the subprograms reference those arguments as they are defined in the called subprogram Because of the way arguments are passed the following side effects can result ER 256 C ER 1 C 256 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 137 Chapter 11 Programming Hints e Declaring a dummy argument as a different numeric data type than in the calling pro gram unit can cause unpredictable results and NDP error aborts e Declaring a dummy argument to be larger in the called program unit than in the call ing program unit can result in other variables and program code being modified and unpredictable behavior e Ifa variable appears twice as an argument in a single CALL statement then the cor responding dummy arguments in the subprogram will refer to the same locatio
113. le created by AUTOMAKE F1G specifies the name of the AUTOMAKE configuration file Execute the command file created by AUTOMAKE Delete the command file created by AUTOMAKE This step is of course optional Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 113 Chapter 7 Automake 114 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide The Sampler Tool Tuning a program can significantly reduce its execution time A specific section of a program may take most of the processing time so tuning that section may greatly speed up the pro cessing of the program The Sampler tool helps you tune programs and detect bottlenecks Remarks 1 When you tune a program start by checking the cost for each function If the cost of a func tion is high the following two factors may be causes a The function may include a redundant section b The function itself may have no problems however it may be called excessively For the first cause check the cost of the function source For the second cause check the source cost of the function calling this function 2 The cost described in this chapter is the summed result of execution locations extracted per a specific time unit per second for example based on a given sampling frequency To illus trate the cost of function f in a program is the number of locations belonging to f from the locations extracted per a specific time value Starting and Terminating the Sampler Starting the Sampler T
114. le the program is executing this may interfere with generation of coverage data Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 129 Chapter 9 The Coverage Tool Note In Windows 9x if the message Out of environment space is displayed while running a console mode program from the Coverage Tool it means the environment space of the DOS shell must be increased This may be accomplished by by adding the line assuming that the system install directory is c windows SHELL C WINDOWS COMMAND COM P E 32768 to the CONFIG SYS file It may also be accomplished by modifying the Initial Environ ment property of the file COMMAND COM using Windows explorer Storing amp Merging Coverage Information 130 Collected coverage information can be stored You can update and display the stored infor mation by assigning another argument to the executable program merging the information If the program being tested requires input data you can put sample data into a file and then use that data for testing the program Storing Coverage Information Coverage information is stored in the file specified by the Select Coverage Data File com mand in the File menu Merging Coverage Information Follow these steps to merge coverage information with the existing coverage data file 1 Use the Select Coverage Data File command in the File menu to specify the data file containing the collected coverage information
115. ll pathnames except for the objects in the current directory 5 If objects are linked with the debug option and static link libraries are in a different direc tory from the object files and debugging information files YDG to debug the executable file specify the full path names of the object files and the debugging information file to the environment variable FODB_MERG PATH Example Specify the environment variable FDB_MERG_PATH set FDB_MERG_PATH c users fujitsu e apl users lib obj In the above the directory name is specified with full pathnames separated by a semicolon Note The object file and debugging information file are searched as follows 1 The directories specified in the environment variable FDB_MERG_PATH 2 The directories which store the user s library 96 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide LM Librarian The Lahey Librarian LM can be used to create modify and inspect object library files Command Line Syntax LM old library name switches commands list filename new library name Where old library name is the name of an existing library used as input switches is zero or more command line switches described below commands is zero or more commands described below list filename is the name of the listing file new library name is the name of a new library to create if you do not want to update the old library A file name can be specified on the command line as a c
116. llows e All arguments are pass by address not pass by value as in C e Arrays of pointers cannot be passed e COMPLEX and derived type arguments can be passed as pointers to structures For COMPLEX these structures are typedef struct float real float imaginary complex typedef struct double real double imaginary double_complex e Character arguments are passed as pointers to strings When a Fortran program unit contains character dummy arguments with len then any routine calling that pro gram unit must append to the end of the argument list the length of each of the corresponding actual arguments The lengths must be passed by value For example the Fortran subroutine Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 43 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 44 subroutine example3 intl charl int2 char2 charl_len integer intl int2 charl_len character len charl_len charl character len 25 char2 end would have this prototype in C void example3 long int intl char charl long int int2 char char2 long int charl_len Passing Arrays in C or C Because C processes arrays as an array of arrays and Fortran processes arrays as multi dimensional arrays there are some special considerations in processing a Fortran array Excluding a single dimension array which is stored the same in C as in Fortran you will need to reverse the indices when accessing a Fortran array in C The
117. lly linked appli cations targeted for Visual C A much friendlier method is now available thanks to a porting effort implemented by Lawson B Wakefield of Interactive Software Services Ltd in the UK ISS are the developers of the INTERACTER amp Winteracter GUI graphics Fortran develop ment tools This implementation has made the OpenGL interface available within the framework of the WISK and Winteracter libraries A full set of examples is available under the WISK directory of the LF95 installation Recommended Switch Settings 50 Inspect the LF 95 FIG file to determine current switch settings For debugging we recommend the following switch settings chk a e s u x chkglobal g pca stchk trac w info Note Specifying chkglobal or chk x must be used for compilation of all files of the program or incorrect results may occur For further analysis during development and consider specifying any of following switch settings ap co cover f95 info lst wo xref For production code we recommend the following switch settings nap nchk nchkglobal ncover ng ol npca nsav nstchk ntrace Use t 4 tp or tpp depending on your preferred target processor Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Editing and Debugging with ED Lahey ED for Windows ED is a Fortran smart development environment You can edit compile link and run your programs all from within ED ED offers sophisticated
118. me Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 75 Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FDB 76 disas Displays the current machine language instruction in disassembled form disas addr1 addr2 Displays the machine language instructions between address addr1 and address addr2 in dis assembled form If addr2 is omitted it defaults to the end of the current function that contains address addrl disas funcname Displays all instructions of the function funcname in disassembled form Automatic Display screen F expr Displays the value of expression expr according to format F every time the program stops screen Displays the names and values of all expressions set by the screen F expr command above unscreen n Remove automatic display number n symbol reqired When n is omitted all are removed screenoff n Deactivate automatic display number n When n is omitted all are deactivated screenon n Activate automatic display number n When n is omitted all are activated show screen Displays a numbered list of all expressions set by the screen F expr command above Symbols show function regex Display the type and name of all functions or subroutines with a name that matches regular expression regex When regex is omitted all procedure names and types are displayed Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Scripts show variable regex Display the type and name of all v
119. me of the file to be compiled The following table is a complete list of place markers and their meanings Table 16 COMPILE Place Markers Place Marker Meaning expands to the name of the directory containing the source file including a trailing expands to the source file name excluding the directory and exten sion expands to the source file extension including a leading For example is the file to be compiled is f source main for SD expands to f source SF to main and SE to for expands to the name of the directory containing object code as spec ified using the OBJDIR command see below including a trailing wh expands to the object file extension as specified using the OBJEXT command see below including a leading expands to the INCLUDE file search list as specified using INCLUDE see below expands to the name of directory containing modules as specified using MODULE see below expands to the name of a response file created by AUTOMAKE containing a list of source files If SRF is present the compiler is invoked only once is equivalent to 3SD SF SE COMP I E 1 95 c fi mod mo COMP I E 1 95 c rf I sid It is possible to in ever on PCs it is example COMPIL voke the compiler using a command file batch file shell script etc How necessary to pref
120. mpler Menus 1 00 00 eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeee 117 File Menu ose eeeeceeeeeeeeeeees 117 Sampler Menu eee eeeeeees 118 View Menu ce ee E 118 Window Menu eee eeeeeecseeereenees 119 Help Menniren nna 119 Using the Sampler ssesseseeeesseeereseeesereeees 119 Collecting Tuning Information 120 iv Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Displaying Tuning Information 120 Displaying the Cost for Each Function 121 Displaying the Cost Per Line 00 121 The Calling Relationship Diagram 122 The Coverage Tool scsssesseseees 125 Starting and Terminating the Coverage Tool125 Starting the Coverage Tool 125 Starting from the desktop icon 125 Starting from the Command prompt 125 Terminating the Coverage Tool 125 Coverage Window 0 0 eee eeeeseceseceeeeesees 126 Coverage Menus 0 cee ceeeeeesesecseeeeesees 126 Fil Menus nnrecinnene nunon ern ds 127 Coverage Menu sesssesesererererrserrrersee 127 View Menuliscnsvie nanni i o EnA 128 Window Menu sssseeeseeeeeseeeereeeerrseesesee 128 Help Men sisir iorisuressirisisikosrivoniss 128 Using the Coverage Tool s es 129 Collecting Coverage Information 129 Storing amp Merging Coverage Information 130 Storing Coverage Information 130 Merging Coverage Information 130 Displaying Coverage Information 130 Utility ProgramMS ccce
121. n 1 In the Coverage tool select the Select Files command from the File menu The Select Files dialog box appears 2 Specify the Coverage Data File either by typing it in or browsing The file must have an extension of cov Note that selection through browsing will set the default directory 3 Specify the Executable File either by typing it in or browsing The file must have an extension of exe 4 Select one of the following methods for executing the program To execute the program with the existing execution options a Select the Execute command from the Coverage menu to run the program and col lect its coverage information allowing the program to terminate normally b To abort execution click the Stop button in the window that is displayed while the program is running this may interfere with generation of coverage data To execute the program with modified execution options i e command line arguments a Select the Executing Options command from the Coverage menu The Executing Options dialog box appears b In the Executing Options dialog box specify the executing option If the user pro gram uses default input output specify a redirection function such as lt or gt in the option c Click the OK button Run the program and collect its coverage information allowing the program to ter minate normally e To abort execution click the Stop button in the window that is displayed whi
122. n Whenever one of those dummy arguments is modified so is the other e Function arguments are passed in the same manner as subroutine arguments so that modifying any dummy argument in a function will also modify the corresponding argument in the function invocation y x f x The result of the preceding statement is undefined if the function modifies the dummy argument x File Formats 138 Formatted Sequential File Format Files controlled by formatted sequential input output statements have an undefined length record format One Fortran record corresponds to one logical record The length of the unde fined length record depends on the Fortran record to be processed The max length may be assigned in the OPEN statement RECL specifier The carriage return line feed sequence terminates the logical record If the edit descriptor or edit descriptor is specified for the format of the formatted sequential output statement the Fortran record does not include the carriage return line feed sequence Unformatted Sequential File Format Files processed using unformatted sequential input output statements have a variable length record format One Fortran record corresponds to one logical record The length of the vari able length record depends on the length of the Fortran record The length of the Fortran record includes 4 bytes added to the beginning and end of the logical record The max length may be assigned in the OPEN statement
123. n 95 User s Guide File Menu File Menu The table below lists the File menu commands Table 23 Commands in the File Menu Command Function Opendialog forselecting executable exe melee Eile file and specifying coverage data output cov file Print Print the coverage information being displayed Print Preview Display image as it would be printed Print Setup Specify printer configuration File Search Path Specify the path for searching for the file Exit Coverage Terminate the coverage tool Note the Print and Print Preview commands are displayed only if coverage information is being displayed Coverage Menu The table below lists the Coverage menu commands Table 24 Commands in the Coverage Menu Command Function Execute Run the program to collect coverage information Submit command line argument s and runtime Executing Options options to the program and execute the program to p collect coverage information Execution Display the coverage information forall Coverage Rate program units Source File Directory Specify the source file directory Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 127 Chapter 9 The Coverage Tool View Menu The table below lists the View menu commands Table 25 Commands in the View Menu Command Function Status Bar Specifies whether to display the status bar Toolbar Specifies whether to display the toolbar
124. n debugging you will want to have your program stop at a particular location in your source code or when a particular condition occurs Such a stopping place is called a breakpoint To set a breakpoint click on the Checkpoints button or select Checkpoints from the debug menu The following dialog box displays Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 63 Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED Checkpoints Demo f90 Iv LAHEY_DEMO Yanable zelatan vale SEDE chances oe To set a breakpoint on entry to a particular program unit click on the On Program Unit Entry checkbox select the program unit from the list of program units then click on Set Breakpoint The breakpoint will display in the Checkpoints list You can remove a breakpoint by highlighting it in the list and clicking Remove To set a breakpoint on a particular line first click on that line in your source open the Check points dialog and click the At Line checkbox Then click on Set Breakpoint A shortcut for this procedure is to simply left click in the Text Bar next to the desired line To set a breakpoint on a particular condition click the If checkbox You can set break points based on whether a condition holds true such as if a is greater than 100 or based on when a value changes You can remove all breakpoints at once by clicking on the Remove A11 button in the Check points dialog 64 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Displaying t
125. n is omitted it defaults to 1 Therefore the two fol lowing commands have the same result Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Source File Display memprint addr memprint xw1 addr Source File Display show source Displays the name of the current file list now Displays the current line list next Displays the next 10 lines including the current line The current line is changed to the last line displayed list previous Displays the last 10 lines except for the current line The current line is changed to the last line displayed list around Displays the last 5 lines and the next 5 lines including the current line The current line is changed to the last line displayed list file num Changes from the current line of the current file to the line number num of the source file file and displays the next 10 lines including the new current line If file is omitted the current file is not changed list offset Displays the line forward or backward offset lines from the current line The current line is changed to the last line displayed list file top bot Displays the source file lines between line number top and line number bot in the source file file If file is omitted it defaults to the current file The current line is changed to the last line displayed list func tion funcname Displays the last 5 lines and the next 5 lines of the entry point of the function funcna
126. n on static linking is the same as for dynamic linking described above with the following exceptions 1 2 First make sure your LIB environment variable points to your C library directory Specify the staticlink and m1 switches on the LF95 command line do not specify d11 Use ML_EXTERNAL instead of DLL_IMPORT or DLL_EXPORT in your Fortran source You must have a Fortran main program Unlike with DLLs Fortran common blocks can be accessed from within a statically linked C routine See the file FTOC BAT for more information Import libraries and imp files do not need to be included on the LF95 command line import libraries and imp files are specific to DLLs Fortran common blocks can be accessed from C when the C is statically linked this is not possible with a DLL If you have a common block called common_name or COMMON_NAME access it in C as a structure variable called common_name_ note the trailing underscore For example reference common my_common a b c real a b c as extern struct float a D cj my_common_ my_common must be all lower case Fortran common blocks are aligned on one byte boundaries To align your C struc tures along one byte boundaries use the Zp1 switch or the pack pragma with Microsoft Visual C Use the a switch or the option a pragma with Borland C Note that use of these switches should be limited to files or sections of code that req
127. n re 93 Other Remarks cccccccessecceceessseceeeeeseeees 95 LM Librarian ccccccssssssssssssneeeeeseees 97 OO ES ceiver coe ees 97 TEXTRACTALL D ienne ne 97 IPA SOSIZO Heiko aie A 98 h E i o s cseeercses cout E ove weeaeses 98 COMMANAS cccesccccceceesssccecesensseeececestsaeecs 98 Add Modules ccccccccccssscccecessssseeeeenens 98 Delete Modules cccccssscceeeessseeeeeees 98 Replace Modules c eee eeeeeeeseeeeeees 99 Copy Modules 20 0 ce eee eeeeeseseeeeeneeeees 99 Move Modules ccccccecsecccecessssseeeeenens 99 Response Files cee iiur 99 Interactive Mode c ccccccceessececessssseeceees 100 Automake iiss cis Avice eked 101 Introduction nri ar ra e Ea 101 What Does It Do cece cceeccecceeeeseeeeee 101 How Does It Do That eee eee 101 How Do I Set It up oe eee 101 What Can Go Wrong seese 102 Running AUTOMAKE ce eeeeeseeeeeeees 102 The AUTOMAKE Configuration File Editor 102 The AUTOMAKE Configuration File 106 Multi Phase Compilation 0 0 111 Automake Notes ce ceeeececeseceeeeseeeeeees 112 The Sampler Tool ecccessseeeeeeeee 115 Starting and Terminating the Samplet 115 Starting the Sampler eee 115 Starting from the Sampler icon 115 Starting from the Command prompt 116 Terminating the Sampler 0 116 The Sampler Window ce eeeeeeeeeeeeee 116 Sa
128. n sections can be added by clicking on Add Compilation and deleted by clicking on Delete Phase The order of compilation sections can be changed using the arrow buttons at the bottom left The General Section includes three check boxes Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 105 Chapter 7 Automake e To specify whether AUTOMAKE should continue after a compilation error see QUITONERROR on page 111 and NOQUITONERROR on page 111 e To specify whether debugging data should be written to a file called AUTOMAKE DBG see DEBUG on page 111 e To specify whether a simple make file called AUTOMAKE MAK should be written as an aid to debugging see gt MAKEMAKE on page 111 The Advanced button gives access to options that are not relevant for LF95 S Automake Configuration File Editor automake fig General M Quit on compilation error M Create file with debugging information I Create make style dependency file for debugging Comments Add Compilation Delete Phase Exit The AUTOMAKE Configuration File The AUTOMAKE configuration file is used to specify the compile and link procedures and other details required by AUTOMAKE It consists of a series of records of the form keyword value 106 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide The AUTOMAKE Configuration File or keyword where keyword is an alphanumeric keyword name and value is the string of cha
129. n the compiler To check Lahey s web site for the latest maintenance update for this version click on Online Update in the Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 Internet folder in your Programs menu and a program will step you through it Online Update will first perform a quick check and tell you whether you are up to date or if an update is available If you choose to install the update the neces sary file patches will be downloaded and applied You will need to be connected to the Internet to perform the check and to download the files Another way to get the latest maintenance update for this version is by going to this web page http www lahey com patchfix htm There you will find update programs you can download as well as release notes and bug fix descriptions Once you have downloaded an update program you will no longer need an Internet connection This method is preferred over Online Update by those who need to update LF95 on systems that are not connected to the Internet or who want the ability to revert to a previous maintenance version Building Your First LF95 Program LF95 is commonly referred to as a compiler but it is comprised of a linker a librarian and several other components For this reason it is more accurately referred to as the LF95 driver Building and running a Fortran program with LF95 involves three basic steps 1 Creating a source file using the Lahey ED development environment or a suitable non formatti
130. ndows which are described later in this chapter Sampler Menus The sampler menus are outlined below File Menu The table below lists the File menu commands Table 18 Commands for the File Menu Command Select Files Function Opendialog forselecting executable exe file and specifying sampling data output smp file Print Print the displayed tuning information Print Preview Display pages as they would appear if printed Print Setup Configure the printer Exit Sampler Terminate the Sampler Remarks e The Print and Print Preview commands are displayed only if tuning information is being displayed e The Print and Print Preview commands cannot be used for the function calling relationship diagram Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 117 Chapter 8 The Sampler Tool Sampler Menu The table below lists the Sampler menu commands Table 19 Commands in the Sampler Menu Command Execute Function Run the program to collect tuning information Executing Options Specify command line arguments and runtime options to the program and execute the program to collect tuning information Function Cost Display the cost for each function Source Cost Display the cost for each program unit Calling Tree Display the function calling relationship diagram calling tree Program Type Fortran Specif
131. nerate the dependency data AUTOMAKE recognizes the INCLUDE statements in all common variants of For tran and C and can be used with both languages When AUTOMAKE scans source code to see if it contains INCLUDE statements it recognizes the following generalized format Optional spaces at the beginning of the line followed by An optional compiler control character or followed by The word INCLUDE case insensitive followed by Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Automake Notes An optional colon followed by The file name optionally enclosed between apostrophes quotes or angled brackets If the file name is enclosed in angled brackets it is assumed to be in one of the direc tories specified using the SYSINCLUDE keyword Otherwise AUTOMAKE looks in the source file directory and if it is not there in the directories specified using the INCLUDE keyword If AUTOMAKE cannot find an INCLUDE file it reports the fact to the screen and ignores the dependency relationship AUTOMAKE is invoked using a batch file called AM BAT There is seldom any rea son to modify the command file though it is very simple to do so if required It consists of two or three operations Execute AUTOMAKE AUTOMAKE determines what needs to be done in order to update the system and writes a batch file to do it The switches which may be appended to the AUTOMAKE command are TO specifies the name of the output command fi
132. ng text editor 2 Generating an executable program using LF95 The LF95 driver automatically com piles the source file s and links the resulting object file s with the runtime library and other libraries you specify 3 Running the program The following paragraphs take you through steps two and three using the DEMO F 90 source file included with LF95 For the sake of illustration we will use the command line interface to invoke LF95 even though it is a windows application Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 5 Chapter 1 Getting Started Generating the Executable Program Compiling a source file into an object file and linking that object file with routines from the runtime library is accomplished using the LF95 EXE driver program Open a system command prompt by selecting StartIPrograms Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 v5 6ICommand Prompt From the command prompt build the demo program by changing to the directory where DEMO F90 in LF95 s EXAMPLES directory by default and entering LF95 demo This causes the compiler to read the source file DEMO F 90 the extension F90 is assumed by default and compile it into the object file DEMO OBJ Once DEMO OBJ is created LF95 invokes the linker to combine necessary routines from the runtime library and produce the executable program DEMO EXE Running the Program To run the program type its name at the command prompt
133. ng to the calling line of the function that includes the current breakpoint Displaying Program Stack Information traceback n Displays subprogram entry points frames in the stack where n is the number of stack frames to be processed from the current frame Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Setting and Displaying Program Variables frame n Select stack frame number n If n is omitted the current stack frame is selected Note that the symbol is required upside n Select the stack frame for the procedure n levels up the call chain down the chain if n is less than 0 The default value of n is 1 downside n Select the stack frame for the procedure n levels down the call chain up the chain if n is less than 0 The default value of n is 1 show args Display argument information for the procedure corresponding to the currently selected frame show locals Display local variables for the procedure corresponding to the currently selected frame show reg r Displays the contents of the register r in the current frame r cannot be a floating point reg ister If ris omitted the contents of all registers except floating point registers are displayed Note that the symbol is required show freg fr Displays the contents of the floating point register fr in the current frame If fr is omitted the contents of all floating point registers are displayed Note that the symbol is required sho
134. number for which the breakpoint is to be set Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 87 Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinFDB 3 Click the Add button 4 Check that the line number appears in the breakpoint list then click the OK button 5 The above step displays the breakpoint flag in the displayed source program To set the breakpoint for another line number repeat steps 2 and 3 Breakpoints x File name OK d demo cov tp3 f Eel Cancel Location 1 Add Breakpoints List d demo cov y d demo cov lt tp3 f13 Delete Clear Releasing the Breakpoint Some or all breakpoints that have been set can be deleted To delete a breakpoint at a line position the pointer on the line number in the source program indicated with a flag and click the left button A breakpoint can also be deleted as follows 1 Select the Breakpoint s command from the Debug menu to display the Breakpoints dialog box 2 Inthe Breakpoints List field in the Breakpoints dialog box click the line number to be deleted 3 Click the Delete button then the OK button All breakpoints can be deleted as follows 88 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Running and Stopping the Program 1 Select the Breakpoints command from the Debug menu to display the Breakpoints dialog box 2 Click the Clear button in the Breakpoints dialog box then click the OK button Running and Stopping the Program Running
135. o call the Windows APT s directly you must also specify the m1 winapi switch see ML target on page 28 and Calling the Windows API on page 48 for more information Example LF95 MYPROG F90 win Creating a WiSK Application To create a 32 bit Windows program using routines from the WiSK library specify the wisk switch along with the name of a resource file created with DialogEd and MenuEd Example LF95 myprog f90 myrc rc wisk In this example the source file MyPROG F90 contains calls to the WiSK library and MYRC RC contains resource definitions created by MenuEd and DialogEd The following takes place MYPROG F90 is compiled to create MYPROG OBJ MYRC RC is compiled to create MYRC RES MYRC RES is processed by RES2OBJ to create MYRC OBJ MYPROG OBJ and MYRC OBJ are automatically linked with the LF95 runtime library and WISK LIB to create MYPROG EXE a 32 bit Windows executable BQN a Creating a 32 bit Windows DLL 16 To create a 32 bit Windows DLL use the a11 switch Example LF95 myprog f90 dll win ml msvc In this example the source file MYPROG F90 contains routines with DLL_EXPORT state ments The following takes place 1 MYPROG F90 is compiled to create MYPROG OBJ 2 MYPROG OBJ is automatically linked with the LF95 runtime library to create MYPROG DLL and MYPROG LIB the corresponding import library Calling conven tions in this case are those expected by M
136. o the linker Conflicts Between Switches Command line switches are processed from left to right If conflicting switches are specified the last one specified takes precedence For example if the command line contained LF95 foo g ng the ng switch would be used To display the LF95 version number and a summary of valid command line options type LF95 without any command line switches or filenames Driver Configuration File LF95 FIG In addition to specifying switches on the command line you may specify a default set of switches in the LF95 FIG file When the driver is invoked the switches in the LF95 FIG file are processed before those on the command line Command line switches override those in the LF95 FIG file The driver searches for LF 95 F IG first in the current directory and then if not found in the directory in which the driver is located Command Files 14 If you have too many switches and files to fit on the command line you can place them in a command file Enter LF95 command line arguments in a command file in exactly the same manner as on the command line Command files may have as many lines as needed Lines beginning with an initial are comments To process a command file preface the name of the file with an character When LF95 encounters a filename that begins with on the command line it opens the file and processes the commands in it Example LF95 mycmds In this example LF95 reads its commands
137. of object files corresponding to source files speci fied using all FILES commands SEX expands to the executable file name as specified using TARGET Sio expands to the name of directory containing modules as specified using MODULE see below ae expands to the name of a response file created by AUTOMAKE containing a list of object files Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 109 Chapter 7 Automake 110 INCLUDE May be used to specify the INCLUDE file search list If no path is specified for an INCLUDEd file AUTOMAKE looks first in the directory which contains the source file and after that in the directories specified using this keyword The directory names must be sep arated by semi colons For example on a PC we might have INCLUDE C include C include sys Note that the compiler will also have to be told where to look for INCLUDEd files You can do this using a 1D place marker which expands to the list of directories specified using INCLUDE SYSINCLUDE May be used to specify the search list for system INCLUDE files i e any enclosed in angled brackets as in include lt stat h gt If no path is specified AUTOMAKE looks in the directories specified using this keyword It does not look in the current directory for system INCLUDE files unless explicitly instructed to The directory names following SYSINCLUDE must be separated by semi colons OBJDIR May be used to specify th
138. omplete file name filename ext or can be given without an extension in which case 386ILIB supplies a default extension of obj for an object file and 1ib fora library There is no default extension for a listing file In addition a complete or partial path may be specified with the file name If none is given the current default device and directory are assumed There should be no delimiter between multiple commands or switches Switches EXTRACTALL The EXTRACTALL switch extracts all object modules from a specified library Each extracted object module becomes an object file Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 97 Chapter 6 LM Librarian Example LM mylib extractall PAgesize The PAgesize switch allows you to specify the page size in bytes of a library Specifying a bigger page size will enable you to store more objects A smaller page size will result in a smaller library The default page size is either 16 bytes or the page size of the existing library Valid page sizes are integral powers of 2 from 16 to 32768 inclusive The syntax for PAgesize is PA gesize page size where page size is the page size in bytes Example LM mylib pa 16384 Help The Help switch prints a summary of syntax and usage for the library manager The syntax for Help is H elp Example LM H Commands 98 Add Modules The addition symbol appends the object file s following each symbol to the end
139. on linking the generation of executable programs libraries and DLLs e Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED describes program creation and debug ging using the Windows based programming environment Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 1 Chapter 1 Getting Started e Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FDB describes the command line debugger e Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinF DB describes how to automate program e Chapter 6 LM Librarian describes command line operation of the librarian e Chapter 7 Automake describes how to automate program creation e Chapter 8 The Sampler Tool describes how to profile your code to discover oppor tunities for execution speed optimization e Chapter 9 The Coverage Tool describes the coverage analysis tool which can be used to determine if all portions of your code are being executed e Chapter 10 Utility Programs describes how to use the additional utility programs e Appendix 11 Programming Hints offers suggestions about programming in Fortran on the PC with LF95 e Appendix 12 Runtime Options describes options that can be added to your execut able s command line to change program behavior e Appendix 13 Lahey Technical Support describes the services available from Lahey and what to do if you have trouble Notational Conventions The following conventions are used throughout this manual Code and keystrokes are indicated by courier font In syntax
140. on the command line 4 Run the program The following paragraphs take you through steps three and four using the WISKDEMO exam ple included with LF95 Generating the Executable Program To create the executable program first locate the file WISKDEMO F90 in the EXAMPLES directory then enter LF95 wiskdemo F90 resource rc wisk WISKDEMO OBJ and RESOURCE RES are created LF95 EXE then automatically links in the appropriate libraries to produce a 32 bit Windows executable program WISKDEMO EXE Now that you have mastered the command line you are ready to try building programs from within the Lahey ED development environment We recommend that you first read Editing and Debugging with ED on page 51 Run the Program To run the program enter wiskdemo Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 7 Chapter 1 Getting Started Alternately click ED s OS Program Run button The program begins and a window similar to the following displays Lahey Winteracter Starter Kit Demo program o gt J Demos Info Help Quit Lahey Winteracter Starter Kit Lahey Computer Systems Inc Demonstration Program c Interactive Software Services Ltd and Lahey Computer Systems Inc 1995 97 Further information from Lahey Tel 702 831 2500 Fax 702 831 8123 email sales lahey com You ve successfully created the WiSK demo program for W
141. only Default npca Specify pca to prevent invoked subprograms from storing into constants Example call sub 5 Prin Sy 5 end subroutine sub i i i 1 end This example would print 5 using pca and 6 using npca N PRIVATE Default Module Accessibility Compile only Default nprivate Specify private to change the default accessiblity of module entities from PUBLIC to PRIVATE see PUBLIC and PRIVATE statements in the Language Reference Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches PUBList option Map File Symbol Sort Order Link only Default publist byname The PUBList switch controls the ordering of the list of public symbols in the map file The PUBList switch has options to control the ordering of public symbols They are Table 4 PUBList Options Sort the list of public symbols which make up the program alphabetically en This is the default operation of the linker Sort the list of public symbols in the program by value This option is use BYVALUE ful when using the map file to find out what routine or variable resides at a particular memory location Produce two listings of the public symbols one sorted alphabetically and BOTH one sorted by value NONE Cause the linker not to list the public symbols which make up the program 7 at all This option is useful for reducing the size of the map file Syntax PUB
142. ontinue statement has no instruction the breakpoint is automatically set at the next statement Example line number 1 integer i 2 3 assign 10 to i 4 10 continue 5 i 1 In the above example if you set a breakpoint at line 4 the breakpoint is actually set at line 5 10 If a Fortran program has a contains statement the breakpoint cannot be set at its end statement 11 If the result of a function is one of the following the step and next commands have no effect array derived type pointer character whose length is not a constant 12 An allocated array cannot be debugged except for the first element of the array 13 If a pointer variable is a common element the pointer variable cannot be debugged Example common com p pointer p 4 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Other Remarks The above variable j cannot be debugged 14 A dummy argument declared with the entry statement in a procedure cannot be debugged except for the first element of the explicit shape array and the top of the assumed type param eter string including the pointervariable Example subroutine sl a i c real a i character c entry ent b j qd The above cannot be debugged except a 1 and c 1 1 15 When debugging a program using the VSW function please note that Execution should be used to restart the execution after returning from the call back routine If Step or Line is used to restart the execution
143. or loading DLL message from the operating system 3 Start Visual Basic and open the VBDEMO VBP project in LF95 s MIX_LANG MSVB directory 4 Run the demo F5 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Borland Delphi Information Borland Delphi Information Passing Character Data in Delphi Character arguments are passed as strings with the length of each string appended at the end of the argument list Delphi has two kinds of strings long strings and short strings where a long string can contain a very large number of characters and its length varies dynamically as needed and a short string has a specified length and may contain up to 255 characters If your character argu ment is a short string you should use the var keyword in your procedure s declaration omit the var keyword if your argument is a long string Refer to the BDDEMO and BDDEMO2 pro grams to see examples for both of these cases As of this writing the following conditions apply e Character arguments should be declared as CHARACTER LEN e Long string character arguments should be treated as INTENT IN e Short string character arguments may be treated as INTENT IN OUT e Fortran functions returning CHARACTER data to Delphi are not supported Passing Arrays in Delphi Because Delphi processes multi dimensional arrays as an array of arrays like C and C and Fortran processes arrays as multi dimension
144. our program as updating the values of the elements of large arrays while stepping is time consuming Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 65 Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED Changing the Values of Variables You can change the value of a variable in a Watch Dialog see above by clicking on it then changing its value in the space below and clicking Change Only scalar data single elements of arrays and single components of derived types can be changed in this way Reloading your Program To reload your program select Reload Program from the debug menu All checkpoints will remain in effect Configuration 66 To change ED s configuration select Opt ions Configuration or press F11 Click on the appropriate tab to display and change a configurable item Pressing the help button while in one of the configuration dialog boxes brings up context sensitive help on any of the features in the dialog box Status Line Controls display of the time date and window bar Display Controls the display of windows control characters menus and toolbars Fonts Controls the type and size of the display font Colors Controls the colors for syntax highlighting of your source Session Info Controls various parameters for the way ED starts including whether to restore the current directory whether to save the desktop state automatically on exit how large a cache to use and how large a history list to keep Behavior
145. owever you can still use the Lahey ED debugger by selecting the SOLD95 Toolbar from within ED using OptionsI Toolbars Before debugging your program you must compile it using the g and winconsole or win switches see Changing Compiler Options above and Compiler and Linker Switches on page 17 The g switch creates an additional file with debugging information This file ends with the extension ydg The win or winconsole switch creates a Win dows executable file Start debugging by clicking on the Debug Program button in the Lahey Fortran toolbar or by selecting Tool Debug Note that Lahey ED can be used to debug both LF95 and LF90 programs If you will use LF95 s Lahey ED to debug LF90 exe cutables you must first delete any ydg files that exist for these executables in the same directory It is most convenient always to have the Lahey Fortran toolbar visible while debugging When prompted enter the name of the executable file including the filename extension exe and if the file is not in ED s current directory a path For example if the executable file myprog exe is in a directory called programs below the root you would enter programs myprog exe ED will expand the Text Bar and put the current line icon next to the first executable line in your program It will also open the SOLD95W Output Window so that you can view actions performed by the debugger Once your program is loaded click on the Debug Prog
146. pecified The fix and nfix compiler switches can be used to control the assumed extension and override the interpretation specified by the extension see N FIX on page 23 Object Filenames The default name for an object file is the same as the source file name If a path is specified for the source filename the same path will be used for the object file name If no path is spec ified the current directory will be used Output Filenames The default name for the executable file or dynamic link library produced by the driver is based on the first source or object name encountered on the command line This may be over ridden by specifying the OUT switch with a new name see OUT filename on page 29 The default extension for executable files is EXE The default extension for dynamic link libraries is DLL Switches The driver recognizes one or more letters preceded by a hyphen as a command line switch You may not combine switches after a hyphen for example x and y may not be entered as xy Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 13 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 Some switches take arguments in the form of filenames strings letters or numbers You must enter a space between the option and its argument s Example i incdir If an unknown switch is detected the entire text from the beginning of the unknown switch to the beginning of the next switch or end of the command line is passed t
147. pon encountering breakpoint n execute the specified fdb command s show break B Displays all breakpoints If using the abbreviation B the B must be upper case Controlling Program Execution continue count Continues program execution until a breakpoint s count reaches count Then execution stops If omitted count defaults to 1 and the execution is interrupted at the next breakpoint Program execution is continued without the program being notified of a signal even if the program was broken by that signal In this case program execution is usually interrupted later when the program is broken again at the same instruction silentcontinue count Same as Continue but if a signal breaks a program the program is notified of that signal when program execution is continued step count Executes the next count lines including the current line If omitted count defaults to 1 and only the current line is executed If a function or subroutine call is encountered execution steps into that procedure silentstep count Same as Step but if a signal breaks a program the program is notified of that signal when program execution is continued stepi count Executes the next count machine language instructions including the current instruction If omitted count defaults to 1 and only the current instruction is executed silentstepi count Same as Stepi but if a signal breaks a program the program is
148. ported language system See Mixed Language Programming on page 38 for more information Stack Stack Size Link only Default 100000h bytes link only The Stack switch specifies the size of the stack area for a program The switch must be followed by a numeric constant that specifies the number of bytes to be allocated to the stack Ifa stack segment is already present in the program then the Stack switch changes the size of the existing segment The linker however will only increase the size of the existing stack area If an attempt is made to decrease the size of the stack area the linker issues an error If your program runs out of stack at runtime increase the stack size with Stack Stack requirements are noted in the listing file see N LST on page 26 Note that some recur sive procedures and files with large arrays compiled with nsav can use very large amounts of stack Syntax Stack nbytes Example LF95 hello obj s 200000 N STCHK Stack Overflow Check Compile only Default stchk Specify nstchk to cause the compiler not to generate code for stack overflow checking Though your program may execute faster the stack is not protected from growing too large and corrupting data N JSWM msgs Suppress Warning Message s Compile only Default nswm Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Compiler and Linker Switches To suppress a particular error message specify its number after swm E
149. r message appears during linking fwdmerg error Terminated abnormally signal 11 It means that the YDG file was not created contact Technical Support if this happens This switch is required to debug if a separate link is performed l path Include Path Compile only Default current directory Specify i path to instruct the compiler to search the specified path s for Fortran INCLUDE files after searching the current directory Separate multiple search paths with a semicolon no spaces Example LF95 demo i project2 includes project3 includes In this example the compiler first searches the current directory then searches project2 includes and finally project3 includes for INCLUDE files speci fied in the source file DEMO F90 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 23 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 24 IMPLIB Specify DLL Library Link only Default not specified The implib switch specifies the name of the dynamic link library from which a program has called functions listed in one or more subsequent import switches The library speci fied in the imp1ib switch is valid for all modules specified in any number of subsequent import switches until the specification of another implib switch Syntax IMPLIB libname where libname is the name and path of the DLL library from which to import functions using subsequent import statements Example LF95 main implib mydll import myfuncl my
150. racters assigned to the keyword The keyword name may be preceded by spaces if required Any record with a or as the first non blank character is treated as a comment The keywords which may be inserted in the configuration file are LF95 Equivalent to specifying the default LF95 compile and link commands COMPILE 1f 95 c fi mod mo LINK 1 95 sob exe ex mod mo The LF 95 keyword should appear in any automake fig file that is to be used with LF95 FILES Specifies the names of files which are candidates for re compilation The value field should contain a single filename optionally including wild cards For example FILES f90 You can also have multiple FILES specifications separated by AND keywords FILES F90 F90 AND FILES F77 FOR AND Note that with each new FILES line the default COMPILE is used unless a new COM PILE value is specified after the FILES line and before AND Note also that if multiple FILES lines are specified then the RF place marker cannot be used in any COMPILE lines COMPILE Specifies the command to be used to compile a source file The command may contain place markers which are expanded as necessary before the command is executed For example COMPILE 1f 95 c fi Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 107 Chapter 7 Automake The string s i in the above example is a place marker which expands to the full na
151. ram but ton again to bring up the debug menu You can also bring up the debug menu by selecting Tool Debug or by right clicking in ED s Text Bar Run Program Run to Current Line Step Into Step Over Checkpoints Display Variable Watch Variables Reload Program Close Debug Session Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Running Your Program Running Your Program To run your program select Run Program from the debug menu press the F6 key or click on the Run Program button Just running your program is not particularly useful You will want your program to stop occasionally by setting breakpoints or by running a line at a time In this way you can inspect or change the values of variables at troublesome locations in your program To run to a particular line in your program click on that line then select Run to Current Line from the debug menu Running a Line at a Time To execute the current executable line in your program marked with the current line marker in the Text Bar click on either the step Intoor Step Over button or select Step Into or Step Over from the debug menu If the current line is a subprogram invocation Step Into will execute the current line and move the current line marker to the first executable line in the subprogram Step Over will execute the entire invoked subprogram and move the current line marker to the next executable line in the current subprogram Setting Breakpoints Often whe
152. ration file editor AMEDIT EXE The AUTOMAKE Configuration File Editor 102 The AUTOMAKE Configuration File Editor AMEDIT is a Windows based utility for cre ating and maintaining configuration files for use by AUTOMAKE You can start it from a Windows 95 or NT command prompt by typing amedit to create a new file or amedit myproject fig to edit an existing one AMEDIT is also started automatically when AUTOMAKE first runs in a directory with no AUTOMAKE FIG file Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide The AUTOMAKE Configuration File Editor Automake Configuration File Editor x AUTOMAKE is running for the first time in this directory In order to continue it needs to know at least the following What compiler to use What files to compile The name of the executable file Please check the entries below or if your program is more complex enter the AUTOMAKE editor to set up your project Compiler Lahey Fortran 90 Debug Cancel Editor If you are creating a new file the editor first presents a dialog containing a set of options suit able for most simple projects The defaults are e touse LF95 with switches set for debugging You can select other options including LF95 with switches set for optimization from the drop down list e to compile all files fitting 90 in the current directory This can be changed for example to for by typing in the second box e to create an e
153. ray element length l Lower bound of each dimension d Size of each dimension T Value calculated for the array declara tion 142 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide O Runtime Options The behavior of the LF95 runtime library can be modified at the time of execution by a set of commands which are submitted via the command line when invoking the executable pro gram or via shell environment variables These runtime options can modify behavior of input output operations diagnostic reporting and floating point operations Runtime options submitted on the command line are distinguished from user defined com mand line arguments by using a character sequence that uniquely identifies the runtime options so that they will not interfere with the passing of regular command line arguments that the user s program might be expecting to obtain via the GETCLQ GETPARMO or GETARGQO functions Command Format Runtime options and user defined executable program options may be specified as command option arguments of an execution command The runtime options use functions supported by the LF95 runtime library Please note that these options are case sensitive The format of runtime options is as follows exe_file W1 runtime options user defined program arguments Where exe_file indicates the user s executable program file The string W1 or W1 must precede any runtime options so they may be identifie
154. re displayed Table 13 Window Menu commands Command Name Cascade Function Displays all open windows so that they overlap revealing the Title Bar for each window Tile Horizontally Displays debug information from left to right Tile Vertically Displays debug information from top to bottom Arrange Icons Arranges all the icons along the bottom of the win dow Close All Close all open windows View Menu The table below lists the View Menu commands Table 14 View Menu commands Command Name Function Toolbar Specifies whether to display the toolbar Status Bar Specifies whether to display the status bar Help Menu The table below lists the Help Menu commands Table 15 Help Menu commands Command Name Help Topics Function Displays the help topics About Debugger Displays version information for the debugger 86 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Using the Debugger Using the Debugger The debugger has the following functions e Starting the program to be debugged e Setting and deleting breakpoints e Running and stopping the program e Displaying debug information Starting the Program The first step in debugging is to ensure that the program to be debugged is loaded into the debugger If the debugger is invoked from the command line or the ED Developer with an executable file specified the file
155. reason for this is that in C the right most index varies most quickly and in Fortran the left most index varies most quickly multi dimensional In an array of arrays the columns are stored sequentially row 1 column 1 is followed by row 1 column 2 etc In a multi dimensional array the rows are stored sequentially row 1 column 1 is followed by row 2 column 1 etc Also note that all C arrays start at 0 We do not recommend that you use a lower dimension bound other than zero 0 as your C code will have to modify the indices based on the value used We strongly recommend that you do not use negative lower and upper dimension bounds If the subscript ranges are not known at compile time they can be passed at runtime but you will have to provide the code to scale the indices to access the proper members of the array Some sample code may help explain the array differences Your Fortran code would look like Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Microsoft Visual Basic Information subroutine test real_array real real_array 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 0 10 integer i j k 1 m n 0 do o 0 10 do n 0 9 do m 0 8 do 1 0 7 do k 0 6 do j 0 5 do i 0 4 real_array i j k 1l m n o 12 00 end do end do end do end do end do end do end do end subroutine test The equivalent C code would look like void test float real_array 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 int i 3 k 1 m n 0 this is what the subsc
156. ripts would look like on the C sid ey for o 0 o lt 11 o for n 0 n lt 10 n for m 0 m lt 9 m for l 0 1 lt 8 1 for k 0 k lt 7 k for j 0 Jj lt 6 JEE for i 0 i lt 5 itt real_array o n m 1 k j 1 12 000 return On the Fortran side of the call the array argument must not be dimensioned as an assumed shape array You should use explicit shape assumed size or adjustable arrays Microsoft Visual Basic Information To create a DLL that will work with Microsoft Visual Basic take Fortran source without a main program and indicate the procedures that you want available in the DLL with the DLL_EXPORT statement then invoke the LF95 driver like this LF95 source 90 win dll ml msvb Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 45 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 46 Declaring your Procedure in Visual Basic In your BASIC code a procedure s declaration will be like one of the following examples Private Declare Function my_func Lib my_dll ByRef my_arg As Long As Long Private Declare Sub my_sub Lib my_dll ByRef my_arg As Long see the relevant section below if an item on the argument list is either an array or is character datatype Note that in the example above my_d11 must specify a complete path in order to operate within the Visual Basic Environment Passing Character Data in Visual Basic Character arguments are passed as strin
157. rogram 68 TUN arg listara cee cteceteeeeeeeees 68 RUD erheen Ae EN aobes 68 Killin ea 68 param commandline arglist 000 68 param commandline eee 68 clear commandline ceeeeeeeeeseceeees 68 QUI A AeA O EE EEEE EE 68 Shell Commands 00 0 eceeeeesseceneeeseeeeeeees 68 cd dieren ir E E E 68 PW E E EE 68 Breakpointss nenni eoria 69 break file line eee 69 break file funcname 69 break taddi ossaa renon ies 69 Pred koa merra a E E E 69 ii Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide condition n EXPL eseseseeeeerereereerreree 70 condition HN 00 eecceeeeseceeesteeeeteeeeees 70 oncebreak ssnin 70 regularbreak regex oo eee eee 70 delete location cecceeesceeesteeeetteeeees 70 delete file line eee 70 delete file funcname 70 delete addr iw eecccesssseeesseeesseeeeee 70 delete 0 ncn hacanccie 70 deletes e re adie 70 Skip NM COUN soiien heiren 70 onstop n cmd cmd2 cmd3 cmdn 71 ShOW break ccesseceesceseseeeesseeeeseees 71 Controlling Program Execution 71 continue count eeeeseseeceeeneeee 71 silentcontinue count cceeeeeee 71 step COUNE Jioni nioan 71 silentstep count seseeeeeeeeeeseeseeeeeeee 71 Stepi count orinni 71 silentstepi count Jo ee eeeeeeeeseeeeeee 71 next count oeenn 72 silentnext count eeceeeeeeee 72 nex
158. rtIRun do not run from the autoplay Setup Menu lt n i gt install32 netclient main lt n m gt ed4w lt n e gt local lt d I gt with these substitutions the network pathname is the drive and directory specification lt n i gt the network pathname where INSTALL32 EXE is located lt n m gt the network pathname where the network admin installed the compiler lt n e gt the network pathname where the network admin installed Lahey ED lt d I gt the local pathname if the default of C Lahey is not desired Note the command line arguments surrounded by brackets are optional 3 If main is not on the command line the client user will be prompted to accept the License Agreement enter the network location of the product select desired shortcuts and to choose whether or not to have the installation program update the system environment variables If main is contained in the command line the client user will not be prompted for any information and the defaults will be used Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Maintenance Updates Maintenance Updates Mainenance updates are made available for free from Lahey s web site They comprise bug fixes or enhancements or both for this version of LF95 The update program applies patches to your files to bring them up to date The maintenance update version shows as a letter after the version of your compiler This is displayed in the first line of output when you ru
159. s receive higher priority service and minimize the chances for any mis takes in our communications Before contacting Lahey Technical Support we suggest you do the following to help us pro cess your report e Determine if the problem is specific to code you created Can you reproduce it using the demo programs we provide e If you have another machine available does the problem occur on it Information You Provide When contacting Lahey please include or have available the information listed below For All Problems 1 The Lahey product name serial and version numbers 2 A description of the problem to help us duplicate it Include the exact error message numbers and or message text Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Lahey Warranties For Compiler Problems 1 Anexample of the code that causes the problem Please make the example as small as possible to shorten our response time and reduce the chances for any misunderstandings 2 A copy of the LF95 F1IG file driver configuration file 3 Command line syntax and any options used for the driver or other tools For Other Problems 1 The brand and model of your system 2 The type and speed of your CPU Lahey will respond promptly after we receive your report with either the solution to the prob lem or a schedule for solving the problem Technical Support Questionnaire The Lahey Tech Support Questionnaire utility can be used to facilitate the gathering of
160. s such as rf and Sex There is a drop down list of linker options which once selected can be added to the link com mand by clicking on the button Finally you can add comments as required in the box at the bottom of the right hand pane Compilation sections are similar to link sections but with a few more options Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide The AUTOMAKE Configuration File Editor S Automake Configuration File Editor automake fig File General Compilation Phase Link Supine Compile command l90 ap chk H0 g pca stchk trace xref w c fi options X Include files le Object directory lel lel Object extension OO Module directory Comments Add Compilation Add ine Delete Phase Exit This time you must specify the files to be compiled see FILES on page 107 and the compile command see COMPILE on page 107 As in the LINK section there is a drop down list of compiler options that can be appended to the compile command by clicking on the button The other entries are all optional They are e The directories to be searched for INCLUDE files see INCLUDE on page 110 e The target directory for object files see OBJDIR on page 110 e The object file extension see gt OBJEXT on page 110 e The target directory for mop files see gt MODULE on page 110 e Comments New compilatio
161. see Return Codes from the Driver on page 15 Unrecoverable or serious errors detected by the compiler improper syntax for example terminate the build process An object file is not created Compiler and Linker Switches You can control compilation and linking by using any of the following option switches These switches are not case sensitive Some switches apply only to the compilation phase others to the linking phase and still others g win and wisk to both phases this is indi cated next to the name of the switch If compilation and linking are performed separately i e in separate command lines then switches that apply to both phases must be included in each command line Compiling and linking can be broken into separate steps using the c switch Unless the c switch is specified the LF95 driver will attempt to link and create an executable after the compilation phase completes Specifying c anywhere in the command line will cause the link phase to be abandoned and all linker switches to be ignored Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 17 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 18 Note also that linker switches may be abbreviated as indicated by the uppercase characters in the switch name For example the LIBPath switch can be specified as either libpath or libp Some linker switches require a number as an argument By default all numbers are assumed to be decimal numbers A different radix can be specifi
162. sesssssssnssssssens 1 System Requirements 00 00 eee eeeeeeee 1 Manual Organization eee eset eeeeeees 1 Notational Conventions 0 eee eeeeeeeeeeeeees 2 Product Registration eeeeceeeeeeeeeseceeeeee 2 Installing Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 0 0 0 0 3 Network Installation 0 0 0 eee ee eeeeeeeeeeeees 3 Maintenance Updates 0 00 0 eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee 5 Building Your First LF95 Program 5 Generating the Executable Program 6 Running the Program e eee eeeeee eres 6 Building Your First WiSK Program 7 Generating the Executable Program 7 Run the Program ceeceesssecceeseceseceeeeeees 7 What s NeXt oo eeceeeeeseeereeeeeeeneeceeenaes 8 Other Sources of Information 8 Developing with LF95 sseceeeee 11 The Development Process ceeeeeseeeeeees 11 How the Driver Works seser 12 Running LF95 nienean 12 Filenames asion teens 12 SWitChestsicesdenyiie asa A E 13 Driver Configuration File LF95 FIG 14 Command Files ee eeeeeecseeeseeseeneenees 14 Passing Information 0 eee ce eeeeeee cetera 15 Return Codes from the Driver 15 Creating a Console Mode Application 15 Creating a Windows GUI application 16 Creating a WiSK Application 16 Creating a 32 bit Windows DLL 16 Controlling Compilation eee 17 Errors in Compilation eee 17 Compiler and Linker Switches
163. specifies an integer with a value of 1 or more If the g option is omitted the size of the input output work area defaults to 8 kilobytes Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Description of Options The g option improves input output performance when a large amount of data is read from or written to files by an unformatted sequential access input output statement The argument num is used as the size of the input output work area for all units To avoid using excessive memory specify the size of the input output work area for individual units by specifying the size in the shell variable fuxxbf where xx is the unit number see Shell Variables for Input Output on page 151 for details When the g option is specified at the same time as the shell variable fuxxbf the g option has precedence Example a exe W1 g10 i The i option controls processing of runtime interrupts When the i option is specified the For tran library is not used to process interrupts When the i option is not specified the Fortran library is used to process interrupts These interrupts are exponent overflow exponent under flow division check and integer overflow If runtime option i is specified no exception handling is taken The u option must not be combined with the i option Note that the i option does not control quad precision exceptions see Ri on page 147 Example a exe W1 1 lerrivi errivi i w e s The option lowercase
164. statement of compliance I your name in accordance with the terms specified here acknowledge that I have destroyed all backup copies of and all other files created with the Lahey software I no longer have in my possession any copies of the returned files or documentation Any violation of this agreement will bring legal action gov erned by the laws of the State of Nevada Signature Print Name Company Name Address Telephone Product Version Serial RMA Number Refund Check Payable To Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Return Procedure Return Shipping Instructions You must package the software diskettes with the manual and write the RMA number on the outside of the shipping carton Shipping charges incurred will not be reimbursed Ship to Lahey Computer Systems Inc 865 Tahoe Blvd P O Box 6091 Incline Village NV 89450 6091 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 157 Chapter 13 Lahey Technical Support 158 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide INDEX Symbols MOD filename extension 13 Numerics 386LINK environment variable 37 386LINK EXE 12 A aruntime option 148 AMEDIT 102 ap switch arithmetic precision 18 API Windows 48 AUTOMAKE 101 CHECK 111 COMPILE 107 DEBUG 111 FILES 107 LATESCAN 111 LF90 107 LINK 109 MAKEMAKE 111 NOQUITONERROR 111 OBJDIR 110 OBJEXT 110 QUITONERROR 111 SYSINCLUDE 110 TARGET 109 AUTOMAKE configuration file editor 102 B
165. switches directly into the linker to change its default operation These switches are automatically processed every time the program is run If CFIG386 is run with the name of an linker executable file as the only argument on the com mand line it displays the current contents of the linker s configuration block If it is run without any arguments a list of valid CFIG386 command line switches is displayed Configuring New Switches Following the linker name you list one or more command switches The switches are given in the same format they are given on the command line for the program being configured The specified switches are added to the configuration block of the program after any switches that are already there from any previous configurations Example cfig386 386link nomap libpath c 1f9550 lib Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 133 Chapter 10 Utility Programs CFIG386 does not check the values of any of the switches or switch parameters it stores in the program s configuration block Thus it is possible to configure invalid switch values into the linker You should always run the program after configuring it to make sure that the con figured switch values have the desired effect Clear The Clear switch causes CFIG386 to erase the current contents of the program s configu ration block Any switches specified after the clear switch are added to the just cleared configuration block Example cfig386 clear
166. t the following times Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 89 Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinFDB e When a step run or line run is executed e When a program is stopped at a breakpoint e When a program running in the visual step mode is paused The display method for each type of debug information is listed below Displaying Variables Do the following to display the contents of variables 1 Select the Watch command from the Debug menu to display the Watch dialog box see the figure below 2 Inthe Variable field specify the variable to be displayed 3 Click the Add button The specified variable is then registered in the variable field When the program is executed the current variable contents are displayed on the right hand side of the symbol Variable contents are not displayed when any of the following is true e The program to be debugged has not been started e The local variable of another function or routine was specified e A non used variable was specified To delete the registered variable do one of the following 1 Inthe Variable field specify the variable name to be deleted and click the Delete button 2 Click the registered variable then click the Delete button If you click the Delete but ton without clicking a variable the first variable in the variable field is deleted To delete all the variables registered in the variable field click the Clear button Variable Close A
167. tandard input file See Shell Variables for Input Output on page 151 for further details Example a exe W1 r10 u The u option controls floating point underflow interrupt processing If the u option is speci fied the system performs floating point underflow interrupt processing The system may output diagnostic message jwe0012i e during execution If the u option is omitted the system ignores floating point underflow interrupts and continues processing The i option must not be combined with the u option Example a exe W u X The x option determines whether blanks in numeric edited input data are ignored or treated as zeros If the x option is specified blanks are changed to zeros during numeric editing with formatted sequential input statements for which no OPEN statement has been executed The result is the same as when the BLANK specifier in an OPEN statement is set to zero If the X option is omitted blanks in the input field are treated as null and ignored The result is the same as if the BLANK specifier in an OPEN statement is set to NULL or if the BLANK specifier is omitted Example a exe W x Shell Variables for Input Output This section describes shell variables that control file input output operations FUnn filname The FUnn shell variable connects units and files The value nn is a unit number The value filename is a file to be connected to unit number nn The standard input and output files
168. tements If the n option is omitted prompt messages are not generated when data is to be entered from standard input using a formatted sequential READ statement Example a exe W n pu_no The p option connects the unit number u_no to the standard output file where u_no is an integer ranging from 0 to 2147483647 If the p option is omitted unit number 6 the system default is connected to the standard output file See Shell Variables for Input Output on page 151 for further details Example a exe W1 p10 q The q option specifies whether to capitalize the E EN ES D Q G L and Z edit output char acters produced by formatted output statements This option also specifies whether to capitalize the alphabetic characters in the character constants used by the inquiry specifier excluding the NAME specifier in the INQUIRE statement If the q option is specified the characters appear in uppercase letters If the q option is omitted the characters appear in low ercase letters If compiler option nfix is in effect the characters appear in uppercase letters so the q option is not required Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Shell Variables for Input Output Example a exe W1 q ru_no The r option connects the unit number u_no to the standard input file during execution where u_no is an integer ranging from 0 to 2147483647 If the r option is omitted unit number 5 the system default is connected to the s
169. terfere with generation of sampler data To run the program with modified execution options i e command line arguments a Select the Executing Options command from the Sampler menu The Executing Options dialog box appears b In the Executing Options dialog box specify the executing option If the user pro gram uses default input output specify a redirection function such as lt or gt in the executing option c Click the OK button d Execute the program and collect its tuning information allowing it to terminate normally e To abort execution click the Stop button in the window that is displayed while the program is running this may interfere with generation of sampler data Note In Windows 9x if the message Out of environment space is displayed while running a console mode program from the Sampler it means the environment space of the DOS shell must be increased This may be accomplished by by adding the line assuming that the system install directory is c windows SHELL C WINDOWS COMMAND COM P E 32768 to the CONFIG SYS file It may also be accomplished by modifying the Initial Environ ment property of the file COMMAND COM using Windows explorer Displaying Tuning Information The sampler displays the following three items of tuning information Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Displaying the Cost for Each Function e Cost for each function e Cost
170. the Program To run the program until the first or next breakpoint select the Go command from the Debug menu To step one line entering a function call if present step into select the Step command from the Debug menu To step one line and treat a function call as one instruction step over select the Next command from the Debug menu You can execute the program in Visual Step Mode by using the Visual Step command in the Mode menu Visual Step Mode allows you to run the program slow motion seeing each step as it is executed and it works as follows When you select the Go command from the Debug menu in the visual step mode the finger icon moves line by line as the program is executed This provides a means of visually check ing the program execution sequence To pause the execution in the visual step mode select the Interrupt command from the Debug menu Stopping the Program To stop the program select the Kill command from the Debug menu The debugging enabled status is released To restart debugging see below Rerunning the Program To restart debugging reload the program by selecting the Restart command from the Pro gram menu Then start the program by selecting the Go command from the Debug menu Displaying Debug Information The debugger can display the following debug information e Variables e Registers e Traceback e Load map e Output The displayed debug information is updated a
171. ti count J eee ecceeesseceeceeeneee 72 silentnexti count or nin count 72 Until AAs ches oh etait Adis A Neth es 72 UUW Kol Oee ET 72 Until addr enner oninia 72 until offset eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesseeesseeee 72 Unt Tetuin A icceetb creck Ad 72 Displaying Program Stack Information 72 traceback n tink vchsied e 72 frame Niassa Rieti thd 73 Upside Nh isen ese vvseosseets 73 downside n ceccceeesseeeseeeeeeeeeeeee 73 SHOW ALES oeces pea sestess cass wpe svedsssvedsoszese obs 73 SHOW local s cccecesceceeseceeeseeeeeseeeeesees 73 show reg Ot rrenen 73 show freg fir eeececeeseeeseeeeteeteeees 73 SHOW LORS nenn nannaa 73 SHOW MAP oo eee cee csecsseeteceeeeseeeeees 73 Setting and Displaying Program Variables 73 set variable value eceeceesseeeeeee 73 set addr value eeeccssecesesteeeeees 74 s t TES Vale ss eoar ierat Kikas aeei 74 Contents print F variable eeeeeeee 74 memprint FuN addr eee 74 Source File Display 00 0 cece eeeeeeeeeees 75 SNOW SOUICE cccceeeececeesecesseeeeeseeeeeees 75 HSE NOW ee iene Ere a aee 75 list next Je ei e 75 list previous 0 0 eee eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeenee 75 Vist APOUN ce ceeeceeeseeesteceeereeesteeees 75 list file num 0 eee eeeeeeee 75 hist l offsetisascholacccieereeiand 75 list file top Dot eee eeeeeeeeeeees 75 list func tion fancname
172. tialized by your Fortran code Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Linking Rules Linking Rules During this phase the driver submits object files object file libraries and compiled resource files Windows only to the linker for creation of the executable or dynamic link library Fortran 90 Modules If your program uses Fortran 90 modules that have already been compiled you must add the module object filenames to the LF95 command line Searching Rules The linker reads individual object files and object module libraries resolves references to external symbols and writes out a single executable file or dynamic link library The linker can also create a map file containing information about the segments and public symbols in the program If an object module or library was specified on the command line and contains path informa tion then it must reside at the location specified If the path was not specified the linker looks for the files in the following order 1 in the current working directory 2 in any directories specified by the LIBPath switch included in the 38 6LINK envi ronment variable 3 in any directories specified with the LIBPath switch note that LIBPath searches for library files only not object modules Object File Processing Rules Object modules specified as individual object files are processed in the order in which they appear on the command line Library Searching Rules The order in wh
173. tions 137 file formats 138 performance considerations 139 side effects 137 hours 153 iruntime option 149 1 include path switch 23 implib DLL library switch 24 import librarian 12 import import DLL function switch 24 in IMPLICIT NONE switch 24 info display informational messages switch 25 installation 3 invalid operation 33 L Lahey ED for Windows 51 67 81 115 125 Lahey Fortran 90 Reference Manual 9 li Lahey intrinsic procedures switch 25 Lib library files switch 25 LIBPath library path switch 25 37 Librarian EXTRACTALL 97 Help 98 PAgesize 98 Syntax 97 librarian 11 12 97 library manager 97 library searching rules 37 limits of operation 141 linker 12 default filename extensions 37 library searching rules 37 160 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide rules 37 linker search rules 37 LINKERR TXT 9 linking 37 LM 97 command files 99 response files 99 LM librarian command line syntax 97 load image size 139 long long integers switch 26 Ist listing switch 26 Mruntime option 146 m runtime option 150 MAKE utility 101 make utility 11 Map linker map file switch 27 MAPNames linker map symbol name length switch 27 MAPWidth linker map file width switch 28 matching parentheses and statements 57 maxfatals maximum fatal errors switch 28 menu bar 52 84 Microsoft Visual Basic 39 45 Microsoft Visual C 39 42 Mixed 38 ml mixed language switch 28 40 ML_EXT
174. tionship diagram of jump level 1 Select the Previous Level menu to display the previous relationship diagram de Fujitsu Workbench Sampler _sn707_ OF x File Collect Display View Window Help Jesa amp zae 2 lt 4 Calling Tree d demo cov tp1_exe _ func Sh sn O7_ snf07_ in d demo cov tp3 f Fortran procedure calling for __fncov_entrance __neov_block __ncov_block __ncov_block __ncov_block __ncov_black called by _func_1_ in d demo covitp3 f line 373 _func_1__ in dA demo covitp3 f line 381 Note The cost information per line of the source level may differ slightly from the actual cost because it is affected by the measuring machine status when information is collected such as machine load status number of logging users and number of demons The cost for each function always has about the same rate for the same program Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 123 Chapter 8 The Sampler Tool 124 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide The Coverage Tool One approach to program testing is to verify the operation range and coverage of the program execution The Coverage Tool provides the following information for programs coded in the Fortran or C language e Executed and non executed section information for each basic unit of execution flow e Execution coverage information for each subroutine and function Starting and Terminating the Coverage Tool Starting the Coverage Tool
175. to over ride the default dependency file name DEP THISPROG DEP causes AUTOMAKE to store dependency data in thisprog dep instead of automake dep QUITONERROR Specifies that AUTOMAKE should halt immediately if there is a compilation error NOQUITONERROR Specifies that AUTOMAKE should not halt if there is a compilation error MAKEMAKE Specifies that AUTOMAKE should create a text file called AUTOMAKE MAK containing dependency information DEBUG Causes AUTOMAKE to write debugging information to a file called AUTOMAKE DBG LATESCAN Delays scanning of source files until the last possible moment and can in some cases remove the need for some scans However this option is NOT compatible with Fortran 90 modules CHECK May be used to specify a command to be inserted after each compilation A typical applica tion would be to check for compilation errors For example under MS DOS CHECK IF ERRORLEVEL 2 GOTO QUIT would cause the update procedure to abort if there is a compilation error Multi Phase Compilation Sometimes more than one compilation phase is required For example if source files are stored in more than one directory you will need a separate compilation phase for each direc tory Multiple phases are also required if you have mixed C and Fortran source or if you need special compilation options for particular source files Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guid
176. tran 95 User s Guide Debug Menu Debug Menu The table below lists the Debug Menu commands Table 11 Debug Menu commands Command Name Function Runs the program to be debugged continues an execution Go i that stopped due to a breakpoint etc Interrupt Pauses the execution of the visual step mode Runs the next statement Runs up to the beginning of the Step In function if the statement includes the function i e step into Runs up to the next line assuming the function call is one Step Over line Kill Stops the debugging session Breakpoints For displaying setting and clearing breakpoints Watch For selecting and displaying variables during execution Registers Displays current values of CPU registers Traceback Displays the traceback information Map Displays the modules currently loaded in memory Enter FDB commands for detailed debugging the results Input Command appear in the Input Command Log window See FDB Com mands on page 67 Mode Menu The table below lists the Mode Menu commands Table 12 Mode Menu Commands CommandName Visual Step Function Activates the visual step mode Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 85 Chapter 5 Windows Debugging with WinFDB Window Menu The table below lists the Window Menu commands note the Window menu is displayed only if one or more of the Debugger s child windows a
177. uire one byte alignment one byte alignment can cause slower access to C structure members For more information see the examples in LF95 s EXAMPLES MIX_LANG MSVC and EXAM PLI ES MIX_LANG BC directories Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 49 Chapter 2 Developing with LF95 OpenGL Graphics Programs OpenGL is a software interface for applications to generate interactive 2D and 3D computer graphics independent of operating system and hardware operations It is essentially a 2D 3D graphics library which was originally developed by Silicon Graphics with the goal of creating an efficient platform independent interface for graphical applications Note OpenGL is a trademark of Silicon Graphics Inc It is available on many Win32 and Unix systems and is strong on 3D visualization and animation 90g l is a public domain implementation of the official Fortran 90 bindings for OpenGL con sisting of a set of libraries and modules that define the function interfaces The library module files demonstration programs and documentation are documented in the file readf9gl txt The f90gl interface was developed by William F Mitchell of the Mathemat ical and Computational Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg in the USA For information on f90gl see the F9OGL web page at http math nist gov f90g Until recently the OpenGL LF9x applications could only be built as statica
178. ule is specified as module ent An internal subprogram insub defined inside a module subprogram sub within a module mod ule is specified as module sub insub An internal subprogram insub defined inside a subprogram sub is specified as sub insub The name of the top level function MAIN_ is not needed when specifying a function Variables Variables are specified in fdb in the same manner as they are specified in Fortran 95 or C In C a structure member is specified as variable member or variable gt member if variable is a pointer In Fortran 95 a derived type i e structure component is specified as variablesmember In C an array element is specified as variable member member In Fortran 95 an array element is specified as variable member member Note that in Fortran 95 omission of array subscripts implies a reference to the entire array Listing of array contents in Fortran 95 is limited by the printelements parameter see Miscellaneous Controls on page T77 Values Numeric values can be of types integer real unsigned octal or unsigned hexadecimal Val ues of type real can have an exponent for example 3 14e10 In a Fortran 95 program values of type complex logical and character are also allowed Val ues of type complex are represented as real part imaginary part Character data is represented as character string the string is delimited by quotation marks i e ascii 34 Valu
179. ur of ED is available through Help Help Contents This is especially valuable if you are new to ED and would like to get a glimpse of the features it offers You can also view a quick reference to ED s shortcut keys by pressing Alt Q or by selecting Help Quick Reference Managing Files 54 Creating A File From Scratch To create a new file select File New Select a file type file extension You now have an empty file you can edit Save the file by selecting File Save or by clicking on the Save file button on the docked toolbar You can also create a new file by clicking on the Open File for Editing button on the docked toolbar The File Open dialog box appears Select a drive and directory and enter a name for the file Click OK to create the file Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Opening A File File Open x File or Function Name Space completion Files A Help Cancel Files for t90 f abs f90 action f90 airfoil4 90 airfoil4 for airfoil8 for alloc f90 archar f90 assign for auto f90 badmod f90 beer f90 big_int f90 bigarray f90 billmod f90 blabla f90 zi Right mouse button accesses Files File type Fortran for f90 A gt List Ondisk C History Directories feck 190 E gt sic Drives d E FAzeus sys EZ b izeus sys E k SSzeus lib EE t zeus lib Eg m zeus aux EAT n zeusispare EAT q zeusiqge
180. w regs Displays the contents of all registers including floating point registers in the current frame show map Displays the address map Setting and Displaying Program Variables set variable value Sets variable to value Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 73 Chapter 4 Command Line Debugging with FDB 74 set addr value Sets addr to value set reg value Sets reg to value reg must be a register or a floating point register print F variable Displays the content of the program variable variable by using the edit format F If edit for mat F is omitted it is implied based on the type of variable variable can be a scalar array array element array section derived type or derived type element F can have any of the fol lowing values x hexadecimal d signed decimal u unsigned decimal o octal f floating point c character s character string a address of variable use s variable to denote l value memprint FuN addr dump FuN addr Displays the content of the memory address addr by using edit format F u indicates the dis play unit and N indicates the number of units F can have the same values as were defined for the Print command variable F If omitted f defaults to x hexadecimal u can have any of the following values b one byte h two bytes half word w four bytes word 1 eight bytes long word double word If u is omitted it defaults to w word If
181. wisk See the Winteracter Starter Kit manual for more information N jWO Warn Obsolescent Compile only Default nwo Specify wo to generate warning messages when the compiler encounters obsolescent For tran 90 features N XREF Cross Reference Listing Compile only Default nxref Specify xref to generate cross reference information in the listing file By default cross reference file names consist of the root of the source file name plus the extension 1st Syntax n xref spec sval spec sval Where spec is f for the listing file name or i to include INCLUDE files For sval the cross reference listing file name sval specifies the cross reference listing file name to use instead of the default If a file with this name already exists it is overwritten If the file can t be overwritten the compiler aborts For i sval sval is one of the characters of the set yyNn where y and y indicate that include files should be included in the listing and N and n indicate that they should not By default include files are not included in the listing Example LF95 myprog lst xref i y creates the cross reference file myprog 1st and outputs cross reference information for the source file See also N LST N ZERO Initialize Variables to Zero Compile only Default zero Specifying zero will cause all variables and data areas to be initialized to zero at program load time if they are not already ini
182. xample swm 16 32 This example would suppress warning messages 16 and 32 To suppress all warnings use nw T4 TP and TPP Target Processor Compile only Default set on installation Specify t 4 to generate code optimized for the Intel 80386 or 80486 processor Specify tp to generate code optimized for the Intel Pentium or Pentium MMX processors or their generic counterparts Specify tpp to generate code optimized for the Intel Pentium Pro Pentium II Pentium HI or Celeron processors or their generic counterparts Please note code generated with tpp is not compatible with processors made earlier than the Pentium Pro NJTRACE Location and Call Traceback for Runtime Errors Compile only Default trace The trace switch causes a call traceback with routine names and line numbers to be gen erated with runtime error messages With nt race no line numbers are generated and the Sampler tool cannot be used the Sampler tool requires line number information see Chap ter 8 The Sampler Tool N JTRAP exceptions Trap NDP Exceptions Compile only Default ntrap The t rap switch specifies how each of four numeric data processor NDP exceptions will be handled at execution time of your program Table 5 NDP Exceptions NDP Exception Switch Argument Divide by Zero d Invalid Operation i Overflow o Underflow u Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 33 Chapter 2 Developing with
183. xecutable file called target exe This can be changed by typing in the third box or by using the file selection dialog click on the button at the right of the box When you are finished click OK to create the file If your project is more complicated than that for example if you have files in more than one directory or you need special linker instructions click on the Editor button and a new dia log with many more possibilities is displayed Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 103 Chapter 7 Automake 104 S Automake Configuration File Editor automake fig Link Phase Target file frargetexe o Link command IBO rf exe ex a options Comments E Add Compilation Add ine Delete Phase Exit The pane on the left hand side lists the sections in the AUTOMAKE FIG file When you click on the section in the left hand pane details appear in the right hand pane Typically there is a general section which specifies options such as debug switches which relate to the entire process One or more compilation sections follow this each specifying a set of files to be compiled together with the compiler options Finally there is usually a link section in which the link command is specified The link section shown above allows you to enter the executable file name and the link com mand see LINK on page 109 for an explanation of place marker
184. xl Current Directory o MASO sre m Directory List Ondisk History I One file window IV Keep directory File information Opening A File Opening a file that already exists is also done using File Open You can choose to select directories and files either from a list of those that exist or from a history of those most recently used Files are opened in edit mode by default To open a file in view only mode select File View Toggle between edit and view modes by pressing Alt F3 If you use include files you can view them by right clicking on the filename in the INCLUDE line in your code Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide 55 Chapter 3 Editing and Debugging with ED Syntax Highlighting ED highlights Fortran syntax elements like keywords literal constants and comments with different colors This facility can be customized in several ways To change the default col ors select Options Color Setup To change the elements that ED highlights or to add new elements of your own edit the file Lang_for iii where iii are your initials By default only files that end in for 90 and f use Fortran syntax highlighting Other file extensions are set to use no syntax highlighting You can turn on syntax highlighting for some 30 other languages by selecting Options File Extension Setup Only files setup with Fortran syntax highlighting or with no syntax highlighting can be saved however
185. y whether to display Fortran program information for the Sampler Data Program Type C Specify whether to display C program information for the Sampler Data Program Type Other Specify whether to display information other than C or Fortran program information for the Sampler Data Source File Directory Specify the source file directory View Menu The table below lists the View menu commands Table 20 Commands in the View Menu Command Status Bar Function Specify whether to display the status bar Toolbar Specify whether to display the toolbar File Information Specify whether to display file information 118 Lahey Fujitsu Fortran 95 User s Guide Using the Sampler Window Menu The table below lists the Window menu commands Table 21 Commands in the Window Menu Command Function Display all open windows so that they overlap Cascade revealing the Title bar for each window Display the listed tuning information from left to Tile Horizontally right Display the listed tuning information from top to Tile Vertically bottom Arrange all the icons along the bottom of the win Arrange Icons Aaa Close All Close all open windows Note the Window menu is displayed only if tuning information is being displayed Help Menu The table below lists the Help menu commands Table 22 Commands in the Help Menu

Lahey/Fujitsu Fortran 95 User's Guide

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