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SNAP PAC BRAINS USER'S GUIDE

1. Accessing SNAP PAC Brains Over the Internet Since SNAP PAC Ethernet brains are just like any other hardware on the Ethernet network you can access them over the Internet in exactly the same way you would access a computer The details SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide EJ COMMUNICATION OPTIONS depend on your network and Internet connection Consult your system or network administrator or your Internet Service Provider ISP for more information SNAP PAC serial brains cannot be directly accessed over the Internet communication must go through the SNAP PAC controller or through a PC with a PCI AC48 adapter card Choosing Communication Methods How do you need to communicate with SNAP PAC brains to match the tasks your application requires Check the following table for help in choosing communication methods and finding out where to look for more information on them Configure I O units PAC Control EtherNet IP Config urator or PAC Manager OptoMMP Commu nication Toolkit or OptoMMP protocol If you are using PAC Control configure the system in PAC Control See the PAC Control User s Guide If communicating with an A B Logix system use Ether Net IP Configurator See EtherNet IP for SNAP PAC Pro tocol Guide For the Communication Toolkit or OptoMMP protocol see OptoMMP Protocol Guide Monitor and control pro PAC Control flow PAC Manager Inspect window or OptoMMP Commu See PAC Cont
2. CAUTION Do not hold down the RESET button too long If you hold it down longer than five seconds the brain will enter hardware test mode which is indicated by the STAT LED blinking orange rapidly and continuously Hardware test mode erases all files in RAM and flash memory and resets the IP address If your brain restarts in hardware test mode cycle power the result will be the same as restoring factory default settings see table above If you hold down the RESET button less than five seconds but longer than the time needed to restore the default settings the brain will restart in failsafe bootloader mode which is indicated by the STAT LED blinking green 7 times quickly This is a diagnostic mode that you don t need to access unless you are troubleshooting a problem with Opto 22 Product Support If your brain restarts in failsafe bootloader mode cycle power the result will be same as the simple restart described above EJ SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING Loading New Firmware Each SNAP PAC brain contains firmware sometimes referred to as the kernel which is similar to an operating system If the firmware should become damaged or if a new version of the firmware is released you can load new firmware to the brain following instructions in the PAC Manager User s Guide Setting Time and Date The SNAP PAC brain built in clock is set at the factory To change the time and date see in
3. SNAP PAC EB1 W and SNAP PAC EB2 W like their wired counterparts communicate over a standard 10 100 Mbps Ethernet network and are equipped with two switched Ethernet network interfaces In addition they have a wireless LAN interface which is a separate interface card with its own IP address See Wired Wireless Communication below for more information Serial SNAP PAC SB1 and SNAP PAC SB2 brains communicate over a standard RS 485 network either two wire or four wire using a binary protocol Baud rates from 300 to 230 400 bps are supported There are 256 possible multidrop addresses Wired Wireless Communication SNAP PAC EB1 W and SNAP PAC EB2 W brains offer a choice of networks They can be used on a wired network on a wireless LAN or on both at the same time For flexibility in designing your wireless network 802 11a b and g standards are supported Wired Wireless EB brains can be used with Wired Wireless SNAP PAC S series and R series controllers and a variety of wireless switches and other infrastructure hardware For the best security the 802 11i WPA2 AES standard is supported while older WPA and WEP security standards are included for backwards compatibility Because wireless functionality is in the brain itself no additional parts are required for wireless O processing or communication All SNAP PAC racks and SNAP I O modules can be used either wired or wirelessly You can switch from one network to the ot
4. Ethernet based brains only If you are using PAC Control configure email using PAC Manager See the PAC Manager User s Guide For Communication Toolkit or OptoMMP see OptoMMP Protocol Guide Write your own software appli cation to communicate with the system C or Active X OptoMMP Commu nication Toolkit and brain s memory map SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide Opto 22 s OptoMMP protocol and brain s memory map See OptoMMP Protocol Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE System Architecture SNAP PAC brains can be used in the following ways For distributed intelligence in a larger control system based on a SNAP PAC controller running PAC Control or an Allen Bradley PLC running an RSLogix program Asan independent I O processor The following diagrams illustrate these these uses SNAP PAC Brains as Part of a Distributed SNAP PAC System The following diagram shows only basic SNAP PAC System capabilities using free PAC Project Basic software For information on additional capabilities such as communication with OPC clients databases and third party systems see form 1696 the SNAP PAC System Specification Guide PC used to develop a PAC Control strategy Once developed the strategy runs SNAP PAC brains and I O distributed units The top four are on independently on the SNAP PAC controller an Ethernet network the bottom two are on a serial network PAC Control One or more PCs runn
5. Network interfaces RS 485 2 or 4 wire twisted pair s with shield Serial data rates 300 baud to 230 4 Kbaud Range Serial multidrop 32 stations maximum on a segment including PC controller repeaters and I O units up to 3000 ft 914 m on a segment Agency certifications W models only U S FCC Part 15 Subpart C Canada IC RSS 210 FM models only Factory Mutual approved Requires Wired Wireless model SNAP PAC EB1 W or SNAP PAC EB2 W SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE LEDs and Network Interfaces Wired Ethernet Brains Switched Ethernet network interfaces Brains can be networked in a daisy chain configuration or in a standard star configuration using either Ethernet interface Both interfaces use the same IP address ETHERNET 2 NOTE When using a daisy chain configuration be aware that if power to a brain is lost all brains beyond it on the network will also lose communication Firmware on daisy chained brains must be updated one at a time ETHERNET 1 LEDs amp LNK Link established with Ether net network ACT Activity on Ethernet net work STAT lt a a z Uu SNAP PAC EB1 Brain status N N 6 ja h 8 MS EtherNet IP Module Status NS EtherNet IP Node Status Unnamed Reserved for future use See Correct Connections for Daisy Chaining on page 29 a
6. a ES Serial port Qr On a serial brain the port is RS 485 bakahan either 2 wire or 4 wire Baud rate termination and address are set using the switches on the brain s top e uu cover Bias is always ON NG N e NOTE IRQ connections and LED are 9 ba Y reserved for future use n E g A53 ce G FQ SIM le See Appendix A for serial cable recommendations See Setting Up Serial Networking on page 11 for wiring For details on LEDs see Blink Codes on page 41 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE SNAP PAC Brain Comparison Chart For feature descriptions see page 35 This table compares SNAP PAC brains with firmware 8 5 and higher wave on pulse and off pulse Factory Mutual approval U S and Canada e o Ethernet networking o e o o o o Two switched Ethernet wired network interfaces one IP address o e o o 6 e Wired Ethernet network security IP filtering port access o o Ld e e Wireless LAN interface 802 114 b or g o o Security for wireless network WPA2 AES WPA TKIP WEP o e Serial networking RS 485 2 wire or 4 wire o o Digital 4 32 channels per module Ld e o o o o o o UO modules Analog 2 32 channels per module o e Ld Ld e supported Serial RS 232 RS 485 motion control e e e e e e Profibus Wiegand On off status e o o o o o o Input latching o e o o o o o o Watchdo
7. in your network may affect communication with Opto 22 products Create a Network Diagram First create a network diagram and verify the following same as the I O unit in PAC Control or its IP address 1 2 3 4 Ethernet Errors Cable connectors are firmly inserted The Ethernet network switch has power Switch LEDs indicate that the connection is up If SNAP PAC brains are daisy chained LNK LEDs for both of their Ethernet interfaces are lit Neither the PC nor the brain uses the switch s uplink port The two switched network interfaces on the brain are being used correctly and are not creating aloop anywhere in the network see Using SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain Wired Network Interfaces on page 28 The brain s LNK LED s are lit Check Ethernet Errors Next use PAC Manager to check Ethernet errors reported by the brain These errors indicate network problems You will need to know the brain s device name usually the Choose Start 3 Programs Opto 22 gt PAC Project Software PAC Manager In the PAC Manager main window click the Inspect icon amp In the Device Name field type the brain s name or IP address Click Status Read Scroll down until you see the items Ethernet Errors Late Collisions Ethernet Errors Excessive Collisions and Ethernet Errors Others Inspect I O Unit Device Name sj Status Read Status Read Status Write Point Config Digital Bank x Options gt Sta
8. is important for high speed digital communication links The cables listed below are all 24 gauge 7x32 stranded with 100 ohm nominal impedance and a capacitance of 12 5 pF ft Select from the following two three and four pair cables depending on your application needs All will yield satisfactory results We recommend that you choose a cable with one more pair than your application requires Use one of the extra wires rather than the shield for the common Two Pair Belden P N 8102 with overall shield Belden P N 9729 individually shielded Belden P N 8162 individually shielded with overall shield Manhattan P N M3475 individually shielded with overall shield Manhattan P N M39249 individually shielded with overall shield Three Pair Belden P N 8103 with overall shield Belden P N 9730 individually shielded Belden P N 8163 individually shielded with overall shield Manhattan P N M3476 individually shielded with overall shield Manhattan P N M39250 individually shielded with overall shield Four Pair Belden P N 8104 with overall shield Belden P N 9728 individually shielded Belden P N 8164 individually shielded with overall shield Manhattan P N M3477 individually shielded with overall shield Manhattan P N M39251 individually shielded with overall shield Address Table Serial addresses from 0 255 can be used for serial based SNAP PAC brains The brain s address is set using the two rotary switches on
9. 1 270 msec scan SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide 49 TROUBLESHOOTING SNAP PAC BRAINS All three of these items should have a value of zero If any of these items has a value other than zero you may have a network problem Analyze Communication Packets If it appears that you have network problems you can use a utility program such as WireShark www wireshark org to log and analyze network communication packets Have Your Network Certified lf you suspect network problems you may need to have your network professionally certified Opto 22 does not offer network validation or certification services but many network hardware manufacturers do Contact the manufacturer of your Ethernet network hardware to have them diagnose fix and certify your network If you continue to have problems communicating with the SNAP PAC brain after your network is certified contact Opto 22 Product Support See page 5 Communicating with the SB Brain If you are having trouble communicating with the SNAP PAC serial brain check the following e Make sure the brain has been turned on and that the STAT LED is lit green Make sure the brains hold down screw has been tightened so that it is firmly attached to the rack Do not overtighten e If you re accessing the brain through a SNAP PAC S series controller make sure you can communicate with the controller over Ethernet For help see the controller user s guide form 1592 e Check p
10. 59 3B 3 B 91 5B 5 B 128 7B 7 B 155 9B 9 B 187 BB B B 219 DB D B 251 FB F B 28 1C 1 C 60 3C 3 C 92 5C 5 C 124 7C 7 C 156 9C 9 C 188 BC B C 220 DC D C 252 FC F C 29 1D 1 D 61 3D 3 D 93 5BD 5 D 125 7D 7 D 157 9D 9 D 189 BD B D 221 DD D D 253 FD F D 30 1E 1 E 62 3E S E 94 5E 5 E 126 7E 7 E 158 9E 9 E 190 BE B E 222 DE D E 254 FE F E 31 1F 1 F 63 3F 3 F 95 5F 5 F 127 YF 7 F 159 9F 9 F 191 BF B F 223 DF D F 255 FF F F SNAP PAC Brain User s Guide Index A accessing brain over the Internet 19 ACT LED 31 address for serial brain 55 Allen Bradley PLC communicating with 4 18 23 analog point average filter weight 36 damping 36 gain 36 maximum value 36 minimum value 36 offset 36 PID loop control 36 ramping 36 scaling 36 totalizer 36 TPO 35 watchdog 36 average filter weight 36 B baud rate 11 blink codes 41 SB brain communication 50 brain comparing features 33 Ethernet networking 26 FIP 37 installing 10 Scratch Pad 37 serial networking 11 C calibrating analog point 36 damping analog output point 36 communicating choosing methods 20 with Ethernet brain 17 pinging the brain 47 problems with 46 simultaneously 18 with serial brain 19 blink codes 50 troubleshooting 50 communication error blink codes 50 comparing brain feautures 33 computer connecting directly to EB brai
11. Ethernet Brain s IP Address If you know the brain s IP address see the PAC Manager User s Guide or EtherNet IP for SNAP PAC Protocol Guide if you re using the brain with an Allen Bradley system for instructions to change it If you do not know the IP address first check the label on the side of the brain If you still don t know the brain s IP address follow the steps in the next section to restore the brain to factory default settings and then assign an IP address as described in the PAC Manager User s Guide or EtherNet IP Guide Resetting the Brain 1 Carefully insert a straightened paperclip or stiff wire into the small hole labeled RESET 2 Pressand hold down the RESET button as described below Simple restart Press and hold the RESET button The brain restarts for less than 1 sec until the STAT e Any files in RAM are erased If files LED turns off and then immedi have been stored to flash memory ately release the button they will not be erased OR Turn off power to the brain and then turn it on again OR Use PAC Manager to send the brain the Restart from Powerup command Restore factory default Press and hold the RESET button The brain restarts settings for 1 or 2 seconds until the STAT Files in RAM and flash memory LED turns solid green and then are erased immediately release the button e IP address is reset to 0 0 0 0 and Don t hold it down too long subnet mask to 255 255 255 0
12. PAC brains come from the factory with a default IP address of 0 0 0 0 which is invalid The default subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 To assign an IP address and subnet mask see the PAC Manager User s Guide e Make sure that no red LEDs on the brain are lit A red LED could indicate a voltage supply problem Each brain should have its own power supply The brain needs a minimum of 5 0 VDC measured at the rack Make sure you have up to date drivers installed on your computer s Network Interface Card NIC Contact your system administrator or the manufacturer of the card for help e Make sure you have Administrator privileges on your computer and that any firewall in the computer such as the built in firewall in Windows XP is temporarily disabled before you try to assign or change IP addresses load firmware using PAC Manager s Maintenance window or work with files on the brain BootP and FTP cannot function through a firewall in the PC Firewalls in a router are less likely to be a problem Pinging the Brain If you still cannot communicate with the brain after you have checked these items try to reach it using the PING protocol 1 Choose Start Programs Accessories and open a command prompt window 2 Attheprompt type ping brain s IP address For example type ping 10 192 54 40 If the brain responds go to Accessing the Ethernet Brain with PAC Manager on page 47 If the PING command cannot be found choose Start Control Panel Ne
13. brain Incorrect serial settings Both brains Invalid MAC address or hardware revision SB brain Check serial settings See page 11 4 slow Contact Product Support Firmware or hardware problem Check the power 5 slow Fatal error supply and connections before restarting Call Product Support if the error is repeated 6 slow RAM error Contact Product Support 7 slow Ethernet switch failure EB brain only Contact Product Support 11 slow Ethernet loopback test failure EB brain only Contact Product Support 13 slow Real time clock failure Contact Product Support 16 slow Serial flash failure Contact Product Support 20 slow Digital failure Contact Product Support 21 slow Bus failure Contact Product Support Getting Device and Firmware Information If you need to contact Opto 22 Product Support for assistance it is helpful to have device and firmware information at hand before you call us Here s how to get that information for SNAP PAC brains 1 If PAC Manager is not already open choose Start Programs Opto 22 PAC Project PAC Manager The PAC Manager main window opens SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide GETTING DEVICE AND FIRMWARE INFORMATION 3 PAC Manager File Tools View Help olaja xaa B BW e Inspect I O Unit Device Name v Options Status Status Read area last read at 09 18 07 16 09 29 Status Read Status Write Point Config Digital Bank Digit
14. daisy chain EB brains using the wireless LAN interface there is no connection between the wireless and wired interfaces on the brain SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide ETHERNET NETWORKING Using SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain Wired Network Interfaces As illustrated conceptually at right SNAP PAC Ethernet Ethernet 1 brains have two wired network interfaces Ethernet 1 and Ethernet 2 are not redundant interfaces they are connected by an unmanaged switch Ethernet 2 Ethernet devices are normally networked in a standard star configuration If you are using this standard configuration connect either Ethernet 1 or Ethernet 2 to the network The two interfaces share the same IP address and either one will send a BootP request As an option however the SNAP PAC brain s two switched Ethernet interfaces let you use a daisy chain configuration for distributed I O connecting just one brain to the network and then connecting subsequent brains in a chain NOTE On a Wired Wireless brain daisy chaining can be done only through the wired interfaces not through the wireless one The primary advantage of daisy chaining is that you save the expense of network routers or switches The primary disadvantage is similar to that of a serial network if communication with one brain is lost communication to all brains beyond it on the daisy chain will also be lost Note that if you are updating firmware on the brain you must updat
15. link IPS Switch 3 OFF z HEN z HEN Ead All switches OFF EE Switches 2 amp 1 ON SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide INSTALLING HARDWARE Wiring to a PCI AC48 Adapter Card in a PC NOTE Check the default termination and bias on the PCI AC48 and make certain they are set appropriately for the network Two wire PCI AC48 adapter card in PC oPro22 X SNAP PAC TX RX TX RX COM 2 wire termination end of link Switches 3 amp 2 OFF Switch 1 ON 2 wire middle of link All switches OFF 6 m Four wire PCI AC48 adapter card in PC LO TX RX TX RX COM COM _ e a B RX 4 wire termination end of link N N 4 wire middle of link Switch 3 OFF EE All switches OFF Ez Switches 2 amp 1 ON E SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 2 INSTALLING A SNAP PAC BRAIN What s Next To start configuring 170 points see one of the following f you are using PAC Control software follow instructions in the PAC Control User s Guide form 1700 f you are using the brain in an A B RSLogix system follow configuration steps in the EtherNet IP for SNAP PAC Protocol Guide Ifyou are not using PAC Control or RSLogix follow instructions in the PAC Manager User s Guide To learn more about SNAP PAC brain capabilities and network options see Chapter 3 System Architecture If you are planning to install multiple brains in a daisy chain configurat
16. module SNAP PAC Ethernet brains only The brain can react automatically to an event in any or all of the following ways Turning points on 4 channel digital modules on or off same or different brain immediately or delayed e Copying data from one memory map location to another same or different brain e Logging data Turning a bit in the Scratch Pad on or off e Sending a stream packet an email message or an SMNP trap SNAP PAC Ethernet brains only e Sending a string through a serial module to a serial device SNAP PAC Ethernet brains only Security SNAP PAC Ethernet brains only You can limit access to Ethernet brains either by allowing access only from specific computers or other devices on the network IP filter ing or by limiting access to specific protocols such as SNMP that are used with the brain port access Scratch Pad Areas The Scratch Pad is used primarily for peer to peer communication with other SNAP PAC brains and controllers on the network See the PAC Control User s Guide SNAP PAC Ethernet brains only The Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP is used to communicate with an SNMP based enterprise management system such as Computer Associates Unicenter Hewlett Packard s OpenView or IBM s Tivoli These SIME systems can manage analog digital or serial devices through a SNAP PAC Ethernet brain just as they manage computer equipment on the Ethernet network The brain is compatibl
17. the brain to factory defaults see page 40 Change these four fields as necessary Minimum RTO sets an absolute minimum value for the RTO The device s calculated RTO will never go below this value Initial RTO sets the RTO for the first communication try Be careful since all future tries are based on this value if you set it too low for network conditions a connection will never be made TCP Retransmits sets the number of times the device retries communication Larger busier networks need a higher number of retransmits than smaller networks with less traffic TCP idle session timeout sets how long in milliseconds the device allows a session to remain open without any activity After this time the device checks the session to make sure it is still good and closes it if it is not The default is 240 000 milliseconds or four minutes SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide ADDITIONAL TROUBLESHOOTING TOOLS 5 Click the Apply button to write your changes to the brain 6 In the Operation Commands list highlight Store configuration to flash Click Send Command 7 In the Operation Commands list highlight Restart brain from powerup Click Send Command The new TCP parameters are set SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide A Serial Cables and Addressing Serial Cables The following cables are recommended for RS 485 serial communications Although you may elect to use other cables keep in mind that low capacitance less than 15 pF ft
18. the top of the brain as shown on page 11 The table on the following page shows switch settings for each address SNAP PAC Brain User s Guide ADDRESS TABLE Serial Address Table SNAP PAC SB Brains 0 0 00 32 20 2 0 64 40 4 0 96 60 6 0 128 80 8 0 160 AO A 0 192 CO C O 224 EO Ej 0 1 1 0 1 33 21 2 1 65 41 4 1 97 61 6 1 129 81 8 1 161 A A 1 193 C1 C 1 225 ET E 1 2 2 0 2 34 22 2 2 66 42 4 2 98 62 6 2 130 82 8 2 162 A2 A 2 194 C2 C 2 226 E2 E 2 3 3 0 3 35 23 2 3 67 43 4 3 99 63 6 3 131 83 8 3 163 A3 A 3 195 C3 C 3 227 ES E 3 4 4 04 36 24 244 68 44 4 4 100 64 6 4 132 84 8 4 164 A4 A 4 196 C4 C 4 228 E4 E 4 5 5 0 5 37 25 2 5 69 45 4 5 101 65 6 5 133 85 8 5 165 AB A 5 197 C5 C 5 229 E5 E b5 6 6 0 6 38 26 2 6 TO 46 4 6 102 66 6 6 134 86 8 6 166 A6 A 6 198 C6 C 6 230 E6 E 6 7 7 0 7 39 27 2 7 71 47 4 7 103 67 6 7 135 87 8 7 167 A7 A 7 199 C7 C 7 231 E7 E 7 8 8 0 8 40 28 2 8 72 48 4 8 104 68 6 8 136 88 8 8 168 A8 A 8 200 C8 C 8 232 E8 E 8 9 9 0 9 41 129 2 9 73 49 4 9 105 69 6 9 137 89 8 9 169 A9 A 9 201 C9 C 9 233 ES E 9 10 A OJA 42 2A 2 A 74 4A 4 A 106 6A 6 A 138 8A 8 A 170 AA A A 202 CA C A 2834 EA EJ A 11 B0B 43 2B 2 B 75 4B 4 B 107 6B
19. 0 Mbps wired link a wireless LAN or both at the same time since the wireless LAN interface has a separate IP address Transport Layer The key to the SNAP PAC brain s communication flexibility is the transport layer Internet Protocol IP Both the Transmission Control Protocol TCP and the User Datagram Protocol UDP are used with IP Application Layer Because SNAP PAC brains use standard IP for the transport layer many communication options are possible in the application layer After the I O unit is installed and has an IP address assigned see page 10 you can communicate with it using the following methods SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide COMMUNICATION OPTIONS e PAC Control strategies running on a SNAP PAC controller can configure read and write to O points on SNAP PAC brains e PAC Manager software in addition to its use for assigning IP addresses can also be used to configure I O points and features and to perform onetime reads and writes EtherNet IP provides communication with Allen Bradley ControlLogix and CompactLogix PLC systems and other systems using the EtherNet IP protocol Both implicit and explicit messaging are supported e Modbus TCP provides a direct connection with Modbus TCP hardware or software or third party software applications which can read or write to I O points on SNAP PAC brains OPC OLE for Process Control uses OptoOPCServer to serve data to any OPC 2 0 compliant applicat
20. 16777216 Keep this window open on your screen when you call Product Support For explanations of the data shown see form 1704 the PAC Manager User5 Guide Troubleshooting SNAP PAC Brains If you encounter a problem while installing or using SNAP PAC brains these sections may help e Eor SNAP PAC EB brains see the next section e Eor SNAP PAC SB brains see page 50 If you need to contact Opto 22 Product Support see For Help on page 5 Communicating with a Wired EB Brain If you attempt to connect to the brain using its IP address and you cannot first check the following e Make sure the brain has been turned on and the LNK and STAT LEDs for the connected Ethernet interfaces are lit see LEDs and Network Interfaces Wired Ethernet Brains on page 31 e fthe brain has been networked in a daisy chain configuration check to see if another brain in the chain has lost power Also make sure all network connections are correct See Using SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain Wired Network Interfaces on page 28 Make sure the brains hold down screw has been tightened so that it is firmly attached to the rack Do not overtighten e Verify that you typed in the correct address for the brain Check the label on the side of the brain where the IP address should be written KI SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING e Make sure the brain has been assigned a valid IP address and subnet mask SNAP
21. 37 Product Support 5 pulse generation 35 measurement 35 Q quadrature counter 35 quick start 7 R rack for 1 0 modules installing 8 ramping analog output point 36 removing 1 0 modules 9 RESET button 40 52 restoring default settings 40 retransmit timeout RTO 52 RSTP 29 S scaling description 36 Scratch Pad areas 37 security 37 serial brain addressing 55 cables 55 communication 19 installation 11 troubleshooting 50 wiring diagrams 12 SERIAL LED 32 serial network 11 addressing 55 port 32 wiring diagrams 12 SMTP 18 SNAP PAC System illustration 21 SNAP PAC EB1 features 33 SNAP PAC EB2 features 33 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SNAP PAC SB1 features 33 SNAP PAC 5B2 features 33 SNMP 18 37 specifications 30 square wave generation 35 STAT LED 31 32 state of digital point 35 status conditions blink codes 41 STP 29 system architecture 26 T TCP IP multiple sessions 18 settings 52 stack 52 echnical support 5 ermination 11 12 hermocouple linearization definition 36 imed event 37 imeout 52 ime proportional output 35 EJ SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide totalizer analog 36 digital 35 TPO 35 troubleshooting blink codes 41 Ethernet brain 46 Ethernet network 49 LED descriptions 31 32 Product Support 5 serial brain 50 V valley 36 W watchdog definition 36 wireless LAN 27 diagram 22 wiring diag
22. 6 B 139 8B 8 B 171 AB A B 203 CB C B 235 EB E B 12 C 0O C 44 l2C 2 C 76 4C 4 C 108 6C 6 C 140 8C 8 C 172 AC A C 204 CC C C 236 EC E C 13 D O D 45 2D 2 D 77 4D 4 D 109 6D 6 D 141 8D 8 D 173 AD A D 205 CD C D 237 ED E D 14 E O E 46 2bE 2 E 78 4E 4 E 110 6E 6 E 142 8E 8 E 174 AEJAJE 206 CE C E 238 EE E E 15 F O F 47 2F 2 F 79 4F 4 F 111 6F 6 F 143 8F 8 F 175 AF A F 207 CF C F 239 EF E F 16 10 1 0 48 130 3 0 80 50 5 0 112 70 7 0 144 190 19 1 0 176 BO B 0 208 DO D 0 240 FO F 0 17 11 1 1 49 31 3 1 81 51 5 1 113 71 7 1 145 91 9 1 177 B1 B 1 209 D1 D 1 24 F1 F 1 18 12 1 2 50 32 3 2 82 52 5 2 114 72 7 2 146 92 9 2 178 B2 B 2 210 D2 D 2 242 F2 F 2 19 13 1 3 51 33 3 3 83 53 5 3 115 73 7 3 147 93 9 3 179 B3 B 3 211 D3 D 3 243 FS F 8 20 14 1 4 52 134 3 4 84 54 5 4 116 74 7 4 148 94 9 4 180 B4 B 4 212 D4 D 4 244 FA F 4 21 15 1 5 53 35 3 5 85 55 5 5 117 75 7 5 149 95 9 5 181 B5 B 5 213 D5 D 5 245 FB F 5 22 16 116 54 36 3 46 86 56 56 118 76 7 6 150 96 9 6 182 B6 B 6 214 D6 D 6 246 F6 F 6 23 17 1 7 55 137 3 7 87 57 5 7 119 77 7 7 151 97 9 7 183 B7 B 7 215 D7 D 7 247 F7 F 7 24 18 18 56 38 348 88 58 5 8 120 78 7 8 152 98 9 8 184 B8 B 8 216 D8 D 8 248 F8 F 8 25 119 1 9 57 39 3 9 89 59 5 9 121 79 7 9 153 99 9 9 185 BI B 9 217 D9 D 9 249 F9 F 9 26 1A 11 A 58 3A 3 A 90 5A 5 A 122 7A 7 A 154 9A 9 A 186 BA B A 218 DA DJ A 250 FA FA 27 1IB 1 B
23. 8 fast Packet address doesn t match brain s address IMPORTANT Don t forget to disable communication error blink codes when you ve finished troubleshooting SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide ADDITIONAL TROUBLESHOOTING TOOLS Additional Troubleshooting Tools Making Sure the Brain is in Normal Mode If you are having trouble communicating with the brain it might be in failsafe bootloader mode or hardware reset mode The brain restarts in one of these modes if you hold down the RESET button longer than the time needed to restore default settings For more information on using the RESET button see Resetting the Brain on page 40 e Failsafe bootloader mode is a diagnostic mode that you don t need to access unless you are troubleshooting a problem with Opto 22 Product Support You know the brain is in this mode if the STAT LED blinks green seven times quickly If your brain restarts in failsafe bootloader mode simply cycle power to the device This action performs a simple restart and allows you to communicate with the brain The brain enters hardware reset mode if you hold down the RESET button for more than five seconds At that point the STAT LED blinks orange quickly and continuously This mode erases any files in RAM and flash memory and puts the brain into a continuous testing loop If your brain is in hardware reset mode cycle power to it and it will restart as if you had reset it to factory defaults On an EB brain you
24. Device and Firmware Information qc kapa nre E ER EC RE Gen CR t RC Ret nn 43 Troubleshooting SNAP PAC Brains ac ern emat e eee trees 46 Communicating with a Wired EB Bain redd des tea EE AG RE RI eb tra 46 Pingingihe Brail MMC EH 47 Accessing the Ethernet Brain with PAC Manager css 47 Solving Ethernet Network Problems e ctp RH a Ro E E arte eda 49 Communicating with the SB Bain title t orto e bbb rb hb bbs 50 Turning on Communication Error Blink Codes Serial Brain cece cece e ee 50 Additional Troubleshooting Tos t dd Maa etd etia beri ter bad Midda KARLA Aa 52 Making Sure the Brain is in Normal Mode 52 TCP Settings Ethernet Brains a naka oda aet exe tto cbr a E Ud AKMA bb eta 5 Appendix A Serial Cables and Addressing oso c ass sooo 55 Serial LODS AA MAA AA AA AN PA 55 Address Table AA APO AA AA 25 jp Se PP M E 57 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide 1 Introduction About SNAP PAC Brains SNAP PAC brains are powerful and versatile I O and network communications processors for your SNAP PAC System These brains are designed primarily to work in distributed systems controlled by a SNAP PAC programmable automation controller but SNAP PAC Ethernet brains can also be used as intelligent remote I O in an Allen Bradley Logix based PLC system All SNAP PAC brains provide local intelligence that frees the controller for supervis
25. IP protocol installed and a valid IP address on the same subnet as the brain For more information see Ethernet Networking on page 26 In addition you need a standard Fthernet cable for direct connection to the PC recommended or an available connection to a standard 1OBASE T or 100BASE TX Ethernet network NOTE Wired Wireless models must be initially configured using a wired interface Once IP addresses and wireless communication parameters are set the brain can be used wirelessly For a serial connection R5 485 2 wire or 4 wire connection to a SNAP PAC S series controller or to a PC with an Opto 22 PCI AC48 adapter card See Setting Up Serial Networking on page 11 for more information and wiring diagrams SNAP PAC brain See page 33 for a chart comparing models SNAP PAC mounting rack and SNAP I O modules chosen for your application A SNAP PS5 or SNAP PS5U power supply or other 5 VDC power supply 0 0 1 VDC at 4 0 A applied to the rack Additional power may be required for SNAP I O modules depending on the number and type of modules used See the module data sheets on our website www opto22 com for information SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide INSTALLING SOFTWARE Installing Software In your CD ROM drive insert the CD that came with the brain The installation wizard should start automatically If it doesn t use Windows Explorer to navigate to your CD ROM drive and then double click setup exe Follow direc
26. Nae Mate EL PM 8 Installing Modules on ERN art caverns E Rr KG ERE E ear RC 8 KA CRETA 9 installing the DIO nbn e af MAGKAANAK ERE Reg 10 Setting Up Ethernet Networking 1125 er erre hne he hts 10 Setting Up Serial Networking ee e e e e e eet ta OO eta b 11 SE ibo e c 12 usc E L 5 Chapter 3 System Architecture icis x e sa eta FR RRREESEREA E E RES 17 Communication IRONS 2i cix edt caidas etu AP ANA tenes 17 SNAP PAC Ethernet Brains dos restrict tribe faba ti prr ER FESTE RP tere bet t n 17 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide I Simultaneous Communication sss eee 18 SNAP PAC Serial Bains AA AR PTS 19 Accessing SNAP PAC Brains Over the Internet s csse 19 Choosing Communication Methods uasa Baa kanda mGA KAG hak ABAD kh 20 System MN eC AA AAP AAP PAPA PAA PAR PARA AA 21 SNAP PAC Brains as Part of a Distributed SNAP PAC System sss 21 SNAP PAC Wired Wireless Brains nnana 22 SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain in an Allen Bradley Logix System sess 23 SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain as an Independent I O Processor n ununun 24 SNAP PAC Serial Brain as an Independent lO Processor sss 25 Ethernet NA AA I ROTER 26 Connecting Directly to a PC or Controller a a a aa a remet 26 Attaching to an Existing Ethernet Network 0 200 ccc ccc e cece eee e 26 Developing an Independent Ethernet Network 0 0 cc cece cece cess cnet eee e es 27 Using the Brain i
27. SNAP PAC BRAINS USER S GUIDE SNAP PAC EB1 SNAP PAC EB2 SNAP PAC EB1 FM SNAP PAC EB2 FM SNAP PAC EB1 W SNAP PAC EB2 W SNAP PAC SB1 SNAP PAC SB2 Form 1690 091022 October 2009 OPTO 22 43044 Business Park Drive Temecula CA 92590 3614 Phone 800 321 OPTO 6786 or 951 695 3000 Fax 800 832 OPTO 6786 or 951 695 2712 www opto22 com Product Support Services 800 TEK OPTO 835 6786 or 951 695 3080 Fax 951 695 3017 Email support opto22 com Web support opto22 com SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide Form 1690 091022 October 2009 Copyright 2007 2009 Opto 22 All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America The information in this manual has been checked carefully and is believed to be accurate however Opto 22 assumes no responsibility for possible inaccuracies or omissions Specifications are subject to change without notice Opto 22 warrants all of its products to be free from defects in material or workmanship for 30 months from the manufacturing date code This warranty is limited to the original cost of the unit only and does not cover installation labor or any other contingent costs Opto 22 1 0 modules and solid state relays with date codes of 1 96 or later are guaranteed for life This lifetime warranty excludes reed relay SNAP serial communication modules SNAP PID modules and modules that contain mechanical contacts or switches Opto 22 does not warrant any product components or parts not manufacture
28. ables and Addressing for a table of addresses and how to set them using the two 16 position rotary address switches SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide Ex INSTALLING HARDWARE Serial Wiring Diagrams Wiring a SNAP PAC SB Series Brain to a SNAP PAC 51 Controller Two wire ae SNAP PAC SNAP PAC SNAP PAC SBT N c Li NB e Ny k e e Fig HI e ED e im TX RX TX RX COM COM EN M n N 2 wire termination end of link 2 wire middle of link Switches 3 amp 2 OFF All switches OFF EM Switch 1 ON SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 2 INSTALLING A SNAP PAC BRAIN Wiring a SNAP PAC SB Series Brain to a SNAP PAC S2 Controller Two wire Ys 25 3 55 SNAPPAC SNAPPAGSBI gt N Li o K amp e DTO 22 sL T WWNWNN bose x o TX RX oH TX RX 4 TX RX TX RX COM lk COM PEN PEN N DI Mj Earth GND NI Hj N 2 wire termination end of link mar 2 wire middle of link mm Switches 3 amp 2 OFF BILL All switches OFF ELLE Switch 1 ON Four wire R Oa L Z Y Ze Otao ior 1 o SNAP PAC A SMAP PAC SOT oPrro22 SNAP PAC a SNAP PAC SB Y NOTE The connector pins TX RX on an actual SNAP PAC S2 m are in a different order than RX shown here RX 4 wire termination end of link LR 4 wire middle of
29. al Point Analog Bank Analog Point High Density System gt ScratchPad gt Data Log L PID D Events gt Communications gt Status Read OxFFFF FO30 0004 OxFFFF FO30 0008 OxFFFF FO30 0018 OxFFFF FO30 0000 OxFFFF F030 001c OxFFFF F030 00A0 OxFFFF F030 OOBO OxFFFF FO30 0020 OxFFFF FO30 0080 OxFFFF FO30 0024 OxFFFF FO30 0025 OxFFFF FO30 0026 OxFFFF FO30 0028 OxFFFF FO38 0154 OxFFFF F038 0194 OxFFFF F030 014C OxFFFF FO30 0150 OxFFFF F030 0154 OxFFFF FO30 0158 OxFFFF F030 015c OxFFFF F700 2100 OxFFFF F030 004C DESCRIPTION Powerup Clear Flag PUC Needed Busy Flag Loader Version Memory Map Version Firmware Version Firmware Version Date Firmware Version Time Unit Type Unit Description I O Unit Hardware Revision Month I O Unit Hardware Revision Day I O Unit Hardware Revision Year Installed Ram Host Name Domain Name Product Serial Number Address Baud Rate Number of Framing Errors Number of FIFO Overrun Errors Communications Debug Flag Degrees F C PUC Received 0 0 Al i1g wk B8 la 08 15 2007 09 53 25 Ox00000062 SNAP PAC SBZ E 29 2007 16777216 PAC Control or choose the name from the drop down list 3 Inthe Device Name field enter the name of the brain usually the I O unit name configured in 4 Ifthe brain has already been defined in PAC Manager skip to step 7 If the brain has not been defined the Add New Device dialo
30. anges from on to off and it remains set until cleared Latches Digital input A counter keeps track of the number of times a digital input changes from off to on The count accumulates until it reaches the maximum count available in the brain or until you reset the counter to zero For example to count the number of wid gets produced per shift you would clear the counter at the start of each shift and read it at the end of each shift SNAP PAC EB1 and SNAP PAC SB1 brains offer high speed counting up to 20 KHz on 4 channel modules the speed of the counter depends upon the speed of the module used EB2 and SB2 brains do not offer high speed counting All brains can be used with high density modules modules with more than four points These modules offer counting up to about 50 Hz within the module Counters Digital input A quadrature counter requires a SNAP PAC EB1 or SNAP PAC SB1 Quadrature coun and a SNAP quadrature input module SNAP IDC5Q which can be wired to two ters encoders The module sends a pulse to the brain upon each change in quadrature state and the brain counts the pulses and keeps track of the direction and rotation Digital input requires SNAP PAC EB1 or SNAP PAC SB1 brain with firmware 8 2 or higher PAC Project Pro 8 2 or higher and a SNAP PAC controller A pulse is a brief on or off state usually repeated at a specific interval The brain can measure the first pulse that is the am
31. at 1 0 A maximum not including module requirements Memory 16 MB RAM Backup battery for real time clock Rechargeable recharges whenever the brain has power 5 year life when power is off Models manufactured before August 2007 have user replaceable batteries See original user guide for details or contact Product Support Operating Temperature 0 to 60 C Storage Temperature 40 to 85 C Humidity 0 95 humidity non condensing Ethernet Brains EB Wired Ethernet Net work Interfaces IEEE 802 3 network 10Base T and 100Base TX Automatic MDC MDI X crossover Ethernet crossover cable not required for direct connection to PC Two switched interfaces allowing multi drop daisy chain or standard star network configuration Maximum Ethernet Segment Length 100 meters with Category 5 or superior UTP For 100 Mbps at this distance use Category 5 or superior solid UTP Wireless LAN interface Topologies Security Frequency 802 11a Frequency 802 11b g Transmit Power Antenna Connector Roaming Separate IP address Infrastructure Ad Hoc 802 11i AES Compatible with WPA2 Personal TKIP Compatible with WPA Per sonal WEP Note TKIP AES security is not supported in Ad Hoc mode 5 180 5 24 GHz 5 745 5 825 GHz 2 412 2 472 GHz 2 484GHz 15 dBm maximum Reverse polarity SMA RP SMA or RSMA Supported within an SSID Service Set Identifier only Serial Brains SB
32. atchdog Time msec 0 Disable Apply OxFFFF F038 004C Max 4 Channel Digital Scantime msec 1000 Digital Bank OxFFFF F038 0294 4 Channel Digital Scantime msec 5 2 OxFFFF F038 0050 Max Analog and High Density Digital Scantime msec 1000 Digital Point OxFFFF F038 0054 Scanner Flags 0x 00000000 OxFFFF F700 2000 Tum Around Delay msec 0 Analog Bank OxFFFF F700 2100 Communication Error Blink Codes Disabled Disabled Analog Point Enabled High Density System gt Operation Commands Send Command ScratchPad P Send powerup clear Reset to defaults and Restart Device DataLog gt Store configuration to flash Erase configuration from flash PID Restart Device from powerup Switch to loader mode Events U Clear Digital Events Old configuration Clear Alarm E vents configuration Communications gt Clear PPP configuration Clear E mail configuration Other U Clear Digital Events Expanded configuratic Clear PID Loops configuration Clear Data Logging samples Close Help 6 From the drop down list choose Enabled Click the Apply button Once you ve turned on communication error blink codes the STAT LED blinks orange a combination of red and green to indicate the following 2 fast Serial communication CRC error 3 fast Incorrect serial packet type 4 fast Malformed serial packet Did not receive entire packet 5 fast OptoMMP application error 6 fast UART Receive error 7 fast UART Send error
33. d by Opto 22 for these items the warranty from the original manufacturer applies These products include but are not limited to OptoTerminal G70 Opto Terminal G75 and Sony Ericsson GT 48 see the product data sheet for specific warranty information Refer to Opto 22 form number 1042 for complete warranty information Wired Wireless controllers and brains and N TRON wireless access points a re licensed under one or more of the following patents U S Patent No s 5282222 RE37802 6963617 Canadian Patent No 2064975 European Patent No 1142245 French Patent No 1142245 British Patent No 1142245 Japanese Patent No 20025 Cyrano Opto 22 FactoryFloor Optomux and Pamux are registered trademar ioManager ioProject ioUtilities mistic Nvio Nvio net Web Portal OptoConn OptoOPCServer OptoScript OptoServer OptoTerminal OptoUtilities PAC Co SNAP Ethernet 1 0 SNAP 1 0 SNAP OEM 1 0 SNAP PAC System SNAP Simp are trademarks of Opto 22 ActiveX JScript Microsoft MS DOS VBScript Visual Basic Visual C Win 35925A German Patent No 60011224 5 of Opto 22 Generation 4 ioControl ioDisplay ect OptoControl OptoDataLink OptoDisplay ntrol PAC Display PAC Manager PAC Project e 1 0 SNAP Ultimate 1 0 and Wired Wireless dows and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and other countries Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torva
34. duct Support are grouped together and Fax 951 695 3017 answered in the order Email support opto22 com tau Opto 22 website www opto22 com When calling for technical support be prepared to provide the following information about your system to the Product Support engineer Software and version being used Brain and controller firmware version as applicable PC configuration type of processor speed memory and operating system A complete description of your hardware and operating systems including loader and firmware versions for the brain and date code available through PAC Manager see page 54 for an Ethernet network IP addresses and subnet masks for devices on the system for a serial network addressing and communication parameters type of power supply third party devices installed for example barcode readers Specific error messages seen SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide FOR HELP E SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide 2 Installing a SNAP PAC Brain If you already know how you will use the SNAP PAC brain and want to get it running quickly follow the sections in this chapter Tolearn about communication options and networking start on page 17 Specifications are listed on page 30 What You Will Need You ll need the following items to install a SNAP PAC brain PC running Microsoft Windows 2000 XP or Vista For an Ethernet connection the PC also needs a 10 100 MB Ethernet adapter card the TCP
35. e each brain in the daisy chain separately IMPORTANT If you choose a daisy chain configuration make certain that the brains are connected correctly Incorrect connections can produce major problems on the network Make sure that daisy chain connections are made in a simple open ended chain as shown in the diagram on the following page SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Correct Connections for Daisy Chaining Connection from network controller or PC to brain Leave the 2nd interface on the last Thum connected NOTE Connection from a PC does not require a crossover cable Never connect SNAP PAC Ethernet brains in a loop or ring For example do not connect both ends of the chain to the same switch nor to different switches on the same network As a rule do not connect the second Ethernet interface on the last brain in the chain to any other device NOTE There is one exception to this rule you can connect the network in a loop if at least one switch in the loop supports STP RSTP Spanning Tree Protocol Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol and has that feature enabled Incorrect Network Connections wwwwE vvv v vE Ethernet switch www ww www S 1 iD D D iL SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SPECIFICATIONS Specifications Specifications Power Requirements 5 0 5 2 VDC at 750 mA maximum does not include module power requirements W Models 5 0 5 2 VDC
36. e with SNMP v2 0c using brain firmware 8 2a or higher SNAP PAC Ethernet brains only SNAP PAC Ethernet brains have a substantial area FTP Server available for file storage and data can be easily moved to and from these files using FTP For more information on the file system see the PAC Manager User s Guide SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SNAP PAC BRAIN COMPARISON CHART SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide 4 Maintenance and Troubleshooting Introduction This chapter includes the following maintenance and troubleshooting information Maintenance Backup Battery below Changing the Ethernet Brain s IP Address page 40 Resetting the Brain page 40 Loading New Firmware page 41 Setting Time and Date page 41 Blink Codes page 41 Troubleshooting Getting Device and Firmware Information page 43 Communicating with a Wired EB Brain page 46 Communicating with the SB Brain page 50 Additional Troubleshooting Tools page 52 Maintaining the SNAP PAC Brain Backup Battery The real time clock in the SNAP PAC brain uses a backup battery This battery is rechargeable and receives a charging current whenever the brain has power The battery lasts for up to 10 years when power is off SNAP PAC EB brains manufactured before July 1 2007 use a CR2032 lithium backup battery which is user replaceable These batteries are readily available in retail stores SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide MAINTAINING THE SNAP PAC BRAIN Changing the
37. ead and write to SNAP PAC brains For developers not using Microsoft Windows our OptoMMP protocol is open and documented Simultaneous Communication The SNAP PAC Ethernet brain can communicate simultaneously using all of the methods listed above The reason lies in the nature of IP In serial communication a single data request is sent by one device to another The first device must wait for a response before any additional communication can be carried out IP however can establish multiple simultaneous sessions so many data requests can be sent at once without waiting for any individual response Fach request gets a response but the link isn t idle while waiting for responses In addition IP can simultaneously handle multiple requests from multiple devices A PC can communicate with all SNAP PAC brains and controllers on the same network all at the same time and multiple PCs can communicate with one SNAP PAC device at the same time 118 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE So for example a SNAP PAC brain can respond to directions from a Modbus master give analog point data to a technician using PAC Manager and carry out instructions from a custom C application all at once SNAP PAC Serial Brains SNAP PAC serial brains use an RS 485 link either 2 wire or 4 wire Communication can be through any SNAP PAC S series controller via an Ethernet connection to the controller and then a serial connec
38. ebsite www opto22 com some are included on the CD that came with the SNAP PAC brain Assigning IP address loading new firmware etc PAC Manager User s Guide 1704 PAC Control User s Guide 1700 Designing flowchart based control programs for the system requires a SNAP PAC S series or PAC Control Command Reference 1701 R series industrial controller PAC Control Commands Quick Reference Card 1703 Communicating with SNAP PAC brains using OPC OptoOPCServer User s Guide 1439 Connecting the SNAP PAC System with databases OptoDataLink User s Guide 1705 Communicating De Hee SNAF PAC Ethernet EtherNet IP for SNAP PAC Protocol Guide 1770 brains and Allen Bradley Logix PLCs Communicating with SNAP PAC Ethernet brains Modbus TCP Protocol Guide 1678 using Modbus TCP Programming your own applications for SNAP PAC brains using the OptoMMP Communication Toolkit OptoMMP Protocol Guide 1465 or the OptoMMP memory mapped protocol OptoOPCServer communication with SNAP PAC Serial brains requires a SNAP PAC controller EN SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide For Help CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION If you have problems installing or using SNAP PAC brains and cannot find the help you need in this guide or on our website contact Opto 22 Product Support Phone 800 TEK OPTO 835 6786 951 695 3080 NOTE Email messages and Hours are Monday through Friday phone calls to Opto 22 7 a m to 5 p m Pacific Time Pro
39. g box appears SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING 73 Add New Device Device Name ISB brain 01 Timeout msec 3000 Connection Type Direct Connection to Ethernet Device IP Address or Hostname Ethernet Port 2001 Direct Connection to Serial Device Pa C Pass Through Ethernet Controller to Serial Device Choose the Connection Type d For an EB brain click Direct Connection to Ethernet Device Enter the IP address of the brain leave the Ethernet port at 2001 unless you have changed it on the brain Foran SB brain connected directly to a PC not to a controller click Direct Connection to Serial Device Make sure the PC s port is correct and that the baud rate matches that of the brain Enter the brain s address For an SB brain connected to a SNAP PAC controller click Pass Through Ethernet Controller to Serial Device Enterthe IP address of the controller leave the controller s Ethernet port as 2001 unless you have changed it Enter the controller s serial port On a SNAP PAC S1 controller choose Serial 2 On a SNAP PAC S2 choose the port the brain is connected to Make sure the controllers baud rate matches that of the brain Enter the brain s address If you are using a 2 wire connection check 2 Wire RS 485 If network timing isn t working change the Timeout value in the upper right Click OK I
40. g timer o e o o o o o o High speed counting up to 20 kHz o 6 o o Quadrature counting e e o o Digital I O point features On pulse and off pulse measurement o 6 o o Frequency and Period measurement o o o o TPO time proportional output o 6 o o o 6 o o Digital totalizing e e e e e e e e Pulse generation N pulses continuous square o e e e e e e e SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SNAP PAC BRAIN COMPARISON CHART Thermocouple linearization 32 bit floating o e o e e e e e point for linearized values Minimum maximum values o o o e o o Offset and gain o o o o o e o o Scaling o o o o o e o o Analog I O point Time proportional output o o o o o e e o features Output clamping o o o o o e o o Filter weight o e o o o o o o Watchdog timer o e o o o o o e Analog totalizing e o o o o o e Ramping o e o o o o o o aeei rn a JL PID logic on the brain 96 PID loops per brain o bd o o o o Scratch Pad area for peer to peer data e e e e e e e e bits floats integers and strings Realtime clock RTC o e o o o o o e OPC driver support o o o o o e 07 o7 OptoMMP memory mapped protocol e o o o o o o EtherNet IP Allen Bradley Logix systems and others o o o 6 e 6 Modbus TCP e e e 9 9 9 SNMP network management Ld e o o o o FTP server file system o o o o o o Email SMTP client o o o o o o UDP St
41. her without reconfiguring I O or changing field wiring All features work the same on both networks See the feature chart on page 33 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION PAC Project Software Suite SNAP PAC brains are most often used as part of a SNAP PAC System communicating primarily with a SNAP PAC programmable automation controller SNAP PAC R series controllers can communicate with Ethernet brains only SNAP PAC S series controllers can communicate with both serial and Fthernet brains at the same time The controller runs a control program called a strategy which you develop using PAC Project software The PAC Project software suite comes in two forms Basic and Professional e PAC Project Basic which is included in the purchase of a SNAP PAC controller consists of control programming human machine interface HMI creation and configuration software PAC Project Professional is available for purchase and adds OptoOPCServer for OPC communications OptoDataLink for database connectivity and additional features For more information about PAC Project see form 1699 the PAC Project Data Sheet available on our website www opto22 com Other Communication Methods While most customers use the PAC Project software suite for control monitoring and data acquisition SNAP PAC brains can communicate using other several other methods SNAP PAC EB brains can be used as intelligent remote O in an Al
42. hysical connections between the controller or PC and the brain e Verify that the following serial parameters on the controller or PC and the brain correspond baud rate address 2 wire or 4 wire connections e Make sure termination switches are set correctly for all brains on the serial network e Make sure that power to the brain is sufficient Each brain should have its own power supply The brain needs a minimum of 5 0 VDC measured at the rack Turning on Communication Error Blink Codes Serial Brain To troubleshoot communication with the SB brain you can turn on communication error blink codes following the steps below NOTE Turn on blink codes only for debugging purposes they will degrade performance 1 If PAC Manager is not already open choose Start Programs Opto 22 PAC Project PAC Manager In the PAC Manager main window click the Inspect button B In the Device Name field enter the name of the SB brain or choose it from the drop down list for help see page 43 4 Click the Status Write button SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING 5 Click the Value field for Communication Error Blink Codes 23 Inspect Opto 22 Device Device Name SB brain v Options gt Status Status Write area last read at 10 01 07 15 36 44 Status Write Status Read z Address Description Refresh Status Write OxFFFF F038 0008 Degrees F C E 1 Degrees C Point Config OxFFFF F038 0010 Comm W
43. in with one host either a PC or a controller A crossover cable is not required for direct connection to a host You can use either Ethernet interface on the brain for the connection Additional SNAP PAC brains can be daisy chained from the first brain using the brain s second Ethernet network interface which acts as a network switch See Using SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain Wired Network Interfaces on page 28 for more information If you need only a small control or monitoring network and have no existing Ethernet network a direct connection is ideal It s quick easy and inexpensive because it requires only cables no Separate Fthernet switches or routers It also provides high speed and high security for a small system A direct connection is also useful for assigning an IP address configuring O points and testing applications The direct connection eliminates other variables that could interfere with communication so you can focus on maintenance and troubleshooting Attaching to an Existing Ethernet Network The first rule in attaching SNAP PAC Ethernet brains to an existing network is to work closely with your system administrator who must determine network topology and hardware Be sure to consider the impact on your existing network of adding the brains For best performance use a 100 Mbps network In addition make sure the system administrator understands that each brain must have a fixed static IP address whether or not a Dy
44. ine total flow based on a varying flow rate signal Analog output requires firmware 8 2 or higher PAC Project 8 2 or higher and a SNAP PAC controller Some devices attached to analog outputs should not be abruptly stepped up or down because a sudden change might damage the equipment or cause other problems Instead you can gradually ramp the device up or down to the desired value PID loop control Analog points Proportional integral derivative PID loops are used to drive an input toward a particular value the setpoint and keep the input very close to that value by controlling an output PID loops are often used in temperature control Average filter weight Analog inputs A filter weight smooths analog input signals that are erratic or change suddenly See the PAC Manager User s Guide for more details SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Events Event Messages Email Data Logging You can configure a SNAP PAC brain to recognize one or a combination of the following as an event e The state of a point on a 4 channel digital module on or off e A specific high or low value of an analog point in Engineering Units Anumber on a digital counter or a high or low number on a quadrature counter An analog point value or a quadrature counter that is outside an allowable range e The state of a bit in the Scratch Pad on or off e A specific string received by a serial
45. ing a PAC Display HMI PAC Display Ethernet network wwe vw vv vE SNAP PAC S series controller running PAC Control strategy i Serial network LII o SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE SNAP PAC Wired Wireless Brains In this diagram the SNAP PAC controller communicates wirelessly with the SNAP PAC brains while at the same time communicating on a wired network with PCs used for development and for an operator interface As in the diagram on the previous page only basic SNAP PAC System capabilities using free PAC Project Basic software are shown If you need to switch from a wireless to a wired network for any reason simply plug an Ethernet cable into the brain s Ethernet interface and use its IP address for the I O unit in the PAC Control strategy 1 0 field wiring and programming all remain the same poc Wireless LAN T access point H Bp BUO E Wired Wireless SNAP PAC brains communicating on wireless LAN E SNAP DAC S series controller running PAC Control strategy E ca PAC Control PC used to develop a PAC Control strategy One or more PCs running a PAC Display HMI SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain in an Allen Bradley Logix System SNAP PAC Ethernet brains can be used as intelligent remote O in an A B Logix system such as ControlLogix shown below or CompactLogix The brain i
46. ion see Using SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain Wired Network Interfaces on page 28 To use OLE for process control OPO with SNAP PAC brains purchase the OptoOPCServer and see Opto 22 form 1439 the OptoOPCServer User s Guide To communicate with SNAP PAC brains using Modbus TCP see form 1678 the Modbus TCP Protocol Guide To program your own applications to communicate with the SNAP PAC brain see Opto 22 form 1465 the OptoMMP Protocol Guide SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide WHAT S NEXT E SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide 3 System Architecture This chapter explains how to use SNAP PAC brains on an Ethernet or serial network and how to communicate with them It includes information on Communication options See below System architecture See page 21 Networking See page 26 Specifications and feature comparison charts See page 30 Communication Options SNAP PAC brains communicate over Ethernet or serial e SNAP PAC EB brains communicate over an Ethernet network all part numbers containing EB See the following section for more information SNAP PAC SB brains communicate over a serial network part numbers SNAP PAC SB1 and SNAP PAC SB2 See page 19 SNAP PAC Ethernet Brains SNAP PAC Ethernet based brains communicate using TCP IP or UDP IP over a wired or wireless network Physical Layer SNAP PAC EB brains communicate over a 10 or 100 Mbps wired Ethernet link Wired Wireless brains can communicate over a 10 10
47. ion such as an HMI which can also read or write to I O points OptoOPCServer can be purchased separately or as part of the PAC Project Professional software suite e OptoDataLink exchanges 0 point data with ODBC compliant databases including Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft Access MySQL and others OptoDataLink can be purchased separately or as part of PAC Project Professional e SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol connects a SNAP PAC brain with corporate email servers so employees can be emailed or paged if there s a problem on devices attached to the brain e SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol makes it possible to monitor devices attached to SNAP PAC brains just as you would any computer or server on the Ethernet network using an SNMP based enterprise management system such as Computer Associates Unicenter Hewlett Packard s OpenView or 1BM5 Tivoli When a monitored event occurs such as a door left open or a pressure level too high the brain sends an SNMP trap to the management system compatible with SNMP v2 0c using brain firmware 8 2a or higher e FTP File Transfer Protocol can be used to transfer files and data to and from the SNAP PAC brain whether to custom applications enterprise databases or any file system e Custom software applications are easy to develop using our OptoMMP Communication Toolkit with ActiveX components and C classes They use the OptoMMP protocol an IEEE 1394 based protocol to r
48. lds Unicenter is a registered trademark of Computer Associates International Inc ARCNET is a registered trademark of Datapoint Corporation Modbus is a registered trademark of Schneider Electric Wiegand is a registered trademark of Sensor Engineering Corporation Nokia Nokia M2M Platform Connectivity Terminal are trademarks or registered trademarks of Nokia Corp Ericsson is a trademark of Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson CompactLogix a okia M2M Gateway Software and Nokia 31 GSM oration Sony is a trademark of Sony Corporation nd RSLogix are trademarks of Rockwell Automation Allen Bradley and ControlLogix are a registered trademarks of Rockwell Automation CIP and EtherNet IP are trademarks of ODVA All other brand or product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies or organizations SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide Table of Contents Chapter 1 IntroduElOB i122 d o o RO da 3x RE RUR 0 Kd 0 RO ES SEA FREE S 005 1 About SNAP PAG ri MER 1 V OPTOCESSINO airina AP Rea RAN ena AO pec en 1 RST ONS TETTE 2 Wired Wireless Communication csse Hm 2 PAC Project Software SUO Soie na AN AA AA 3 Other Communication Methods cesse mene 3 CUSTOM SOWATE Meer 3 Dos GUJE Wem ETT cnr 4 Other Documents You May Need sss mme meme 4 Sie PME 5 Chapter 2 Installing a SNAP PAC Brain eene 7 What Yoa Will Need TM 7 eller TEES 8
49. lems 49 LED descriptions 31 32 Product Support 5 high density digital counter 35 O modules installing 8 removing 9 O point features 35 I O processor Ethernet brain used independently 24 serial brain used independently 25 installing brain on rack 10 O modules 8 mounting rack 8 quick start 7 Internet accessing brain over 19 IP filtering 37 IRQ LED 32 L latch definition 35 LEDs blink codes 41 50 description 31 32 red 47 LNK LED 31 loop control on analog point 36 M maximum value 36 measuring frequency 35 period 35 pulses 35 memory map copying 37 minimum value 36 Modbus TCP 4 18 mounting rack installing 8 N network attaching EB brain to existing network 26 certification 50 daisy chaining brains 28 Ethernet errors 49 Ethernet interfaces 28 31 incorrect Ethernet connections diagram 29 independent Ethernet network 27 serial port 32 termination 12 troubleshooting Ethernet 49 wireless LAN 27 O ff latch 35 ff pulse measurement 35 ffset definition 36 f time totalizer 35 n latch 35 n pulse measurement 35 on time totalizer 35 OPC 4 18 19 Opto 22 Product Support 5 OptoDataLink 4 18 19 OptoMMP 4 18 19 OptoOPCServer 18 19 O O oo o o P PAC Control 4 18 19 PAC Manager 4 18 19 PCI AC48 adapter card 25 peak 36 period measurement 35 PID loop control 36 ping 47 port access limiting
50. len Bradley RSLogix PLC system and both EB and SB brains can be used as standalone I O and communications processors for PC based O SNAP PAC Ethernet brains support communication using multiple protocols running simultaneously over Ethernet You can communicate with SNAP PAC Ethernet brains using EtherNet Hp for Allen Bradley systems Modbus TCP SNMP for network management FTP for the brain s built in file system SMTP email client and Opto 22 s own memory mapped OptoMMP protocol Communication with OPC 2 0 compliant clients is available through OptoOPCServer e ForEtherNet IP see Opto 22 form 1770 the EtherNet IP for SNAP PAC Protocol Guide Eor Modbus TCP see form 1678 the Modbus TCP Protocol Guide e Eor SNMP FTP and SMTP see form 1704 the PAC Manager User s Guide e ForOptoMMP see form 1465 the OptoMMP Protocol Guide e Eor OPC connectivity use OptoOPCServer available either as part of PAC Project Professional or for separate purchase See our website for more information SNAP PAC serial brains support communication using OptoMMP Opto 22 s open and documented memory mapped protocol See form 1465 the OptoMMP Protocol Guide Custom Software If you are not using PAC Project and want to develop custom software to communicate with the brain the OptoMMP Communication Toolkit is available for free on our website www opto22 com The toolkit includes ActiveX components and C classes so you can use program
51. ll need to reassign an IP address and subnet mask TCP Settings Ethernet Brains Retransmit timeout RTO refers to the length of time the brain waits while communicating before timing out The RTO is determined by the brain s TCP IP stack and the stack continually recalculates the RTO based on recent network traffic If the network becomes busier for example the stack automatically adjusts the RTO to a higher value If the TCP IP stack times out while trying to transmit data it doubles the current RTO and tries again This process continues for five retries after that the brain stops trying and sends a timeout message If you are receiving frequent timeout messages from the brain you can change the TCP parameters in PAC Manager 1 Choose Start 5 Programs 5 Opto 22 5 PAC Project Software 5 PAC Manager 2 Inthe PAC Manager main window click the Inspect icon Ql 3 Inthe Device Name field type the name or IP address of the brain Click Status Write SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING 23 Inspect Opto 22 Device Device Name R1 controller Options gt Status Status Write area last read at 10 08 07 14 57 01 Status Write Status Read Address Description OxFFFF F038 0004 Always BootP DHCP On Powerup No 7 S OxFFFF F038 0008 Degrees F C Degrees C Apply Point Config OxFFFF F038 0010 Comm Watchdog Time msec 0 Disable 1000 Digital Bank OxFFFF F038 0014 TCP Minimum Retransmis
52. lues For example if you want to record the maximum temperature at point 2 in each 24 hour period you must reset the values after they are read each day Thermocouple linearization Analog input The brain automatically converts the thermocouple junction s millivolt values into temperature values so you don t have to Choose the appropriate module and make sure you configure the point as the correct thermocouple type E K etc for your purpose Offset and gain Analog input Offset and gain calculations are used to calibrate analog points If a 50 mV to 50 mV input receives signals that are slightly off not exactly 50 mV at the low est point for example the offset and gain can be calculated so that values will appear accurately when read Clamping Analog output Clamping limits values that can be sent to analog output points so they do not go above or below a specific value For example if you are using a 0 10 VDC output module but the device attached to one of its points can only handle a max imum of 5 VDC you can set an upper clamp of 5 VDC for that point The values for upper and lower clamp are set in engineering units Analog totalizing Ramping Analog input requires firmware 8 2 or higher PAC Project 8 2 or higher and a SNAP PAC controller For an analog input a totalizer accumulates readings by sampling the input point at set intervals and storing the total value for example to determ
53. ming tools such as Visual Basic or Visual C to communicate with the brain See form 1465 the OptoMMP Protocol Guide for more information SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide ABOUT THIS GUIDE About this Guide This guide shows you how to install and use SNAP PAC brains This guide assumes that you are already familiar with networking serial wired Ethernet or wireless LAN for the types of brains you ll be using If you are not familiar with these subjects we strongly suggest you consult commercially available resources to learn about them before attempting to install or use SNAP PAC brains The following sections are included in this user s guide Chapter 1 Introduction information about the guide and how to reach Opto 22 Product Support Chapter 2 Installing a SNAP PAC Brain quick start steps to get SNAP PAC brains up and running quickly Chapter 3 System Architecture conceptual information on networking and communicating with SNAP PAC brains and brain specifications Chapter 4 Maintenance and Troubleshooting changing IP addresses resetting the brain to factory defaults and upgrading firmware blink codes and other troubleshooting assistance Appendix A Serial Cables and Addressing for SNAP PAC serial brains shows how to set address switches for all possible brain addresses Other Documents You May Need See the following additional guides for the information listed All guides are available on the Opto 22 w
54. n 26 computer connecting directly to serial brain 25 connecting to brain daisy chaining 28 29 Ethernet network interfaces 28 serial wiring diagrams 12 troubleshooting EB brain 46 troubleshooting SB brain 50 counter description 35 D daisy chain 28 29 data logging 37 data mirroring 37 database connectivity 18 19 default settings restoring 40 digital point counter 35 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide latching 35 quadrature counter 35 state 35 totalizer 35 TPO 35 watchdog 36 direct connection Ethernet 26 serial 25 distributed system 21 22 E email 37 enterprise management system 37 Ethernet brain communication 17 troubleshooting 46 Ethernet network accessing brain over the Internet 19 architecture 26 attaching brain to existing network 26 certification 50 daisy chaining brains 28 errors 49 incorrect connections diagram 29 independent control network 27 interfaces 28 31 troubleshooting 49 EtherNet IP 4 18 event 37 event messages 37 F Factory Mutual approved brains 1 failsafe bootloader mode 40 52 features comparison of brain models 33 descriptions of 35 flle system on brain 37 firmware loading 41 frequency measurement 35 FIP 18 37 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide G gain definition 36 generating pulse 35 square wave 35 H hardware test mode 40 hardware getting data about 43 help blink codes 41 Ethernet network prob
55. n the Inspect I O Unit dialog box click the Status Read button in the upper left Information from the brain is displayed in the window SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide TROUBLESHOOTING SNAP PAC BRAINS a Inspect I O Unit Device Name SB2 Status Read Status Write Point Config Digital Bank Digital Point Analog Bank Analog Point High Density System U ScratchPad gt Data Log gt PID Events U Communications gt Other U Status Read Options Status Status Read area last read at 09 18 07 16 44 11 ADDRESS OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF FO30 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxPFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF FO30 OxFFFF FO30 OxFFFF F038 OxFFFF F038 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF FO30 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F030 OxFFFF F700 OxFFFF F030 DESCRIPTION Powerup Clear Flag PUC Needed Busy Flag Loader Version Memory Map Version Firmware Version Firmware Version Date Firmware Version Time Unit Type Unit Description I O Unit Hardware Revision Month I O Unit Hardware Revision Day I O Unit Hardware Revision Year Installed Ram Host Name Domain Name Product Serial Number Address Baud Rate Number of Framing Errors Number of FIFO Overrun Errors Communications Debug Flag Degrees F C 4 Refresh PUC Received 0 0 R1 1g 1 R8 la 08 15 2007 09 53 25 Ox00000062 SNAP PAC SBZ 5 29 2007
56. na Wireless LAN aeos eee etute AA 27 Using SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain Wired Network Interfaces aaa 28 Correct Connections for Daisy Chaining i224 ud dat ka Pra er E EE bea era 29 IST Network COTIIBETIORIS na AG eo derer Reb Vue EE AARAL 29 vui 30 SOUT AM Haha te tebe cade aed Ca am E e Naa C Naka 30 LEDs and Network Interfaces Wired Ethernet Brains aaa 31 LEDs and Network Interfaces Wired Wireless Brains esses 31 LEDs and Network Interfaces Serial Brains csse 32 SNAP PAC Brain Comparison Chart ee pedea eet estem et eee een cb Feature T sl AA EE APP 25 Chapter 4 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 39 racione APA 39 Maintaining the SNAP PAC Brain use sack xeu reo Reb Ie Ern Hol ente b x ba Ceo Rates 39 Backup Batten NEUTER TERT TUNE TREE 39 Changing the Ethernet Brains IP Address sss 40 Resetting the Brain APAPAP o TERI EbEERE I OE iR ead edad Ua edo 40 Loading New PRORA eduoto apn Ee AN KAKANAN AA 4 Setting Time and Daig ee ee PANA PAGKA LABAHAN LILA KAG ARIAN Aa 4 BAOG ARTT T cr 4 Self Test LED Sequence at Startup 1 1 esee mmm 4 Normal LED Behavior MS NS and WLAN LEDS 2 0 2 0 00 0 cc cece cece ence tees eens 41 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide MINIS MY 42 STAT LED i AANGAT ae se aka 42 STAT ED Red and Green S aed deci te eb UM eE AEAEE 42 PII S I 43 Getting
57. namic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server is used on the network For more information on IP addresses see the PAC Manager User s Guide or the EtherNet IP for SNAP PAC Protocol Guide Because the SNAP PAC brain has two switched Ethernet interfaces the brains can optionally be daisy chained together See Using SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain Wired Network Interfaces on page 28 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE If you need to isolate the control system data from the main network backbone you can use a router network switch or other gateway device You can also use a SNAP PAC controller which has two independent Fthernet network interfaces one interface can be connected to the enterprise network and the other used for the control system See Opto 22 form 1696 the SNAP PAC System Data Book for more information on network options Developing an Independent Ethernet Network The third way SNAP PAC Ethernet brains can be used is by developing an independent network An independent network gives a high level of communication speed and volume as well as high security You may also need a separate network for critical control applications Again the choice depends on your requirements for data transactions data security and whether a near deterministic system is necessary If you are building your own network remember that each brain must have a fixed IP address See the PAC Manager User s Guide for more i
58. nd Blink Codes on page 41 LEDs and Network Interfaces Wired Wireless Brains This diagram applies to part numbers SNAP PAC EB1 W and SNAP PAC EB2 W Ethernet LEDs WLAN LED Brain reset button ETHERNET CTHERNCT 2 BB OPTO 22 F SNAP PAC Brain SNAP PAC EB1 W Status and activity LEDs LEDs LNK Link established with Ethernet network interface Switched network Note on switched Ethernet network interfaces For a wired network brains can be set up in a daisy chain configuration or a standard star configuration using either the Ethernet1 or Ethernet2 network interface Both interfaces use the same IP CA LI ACT Activity on Ethernet network STAT Brain status MS EtherNet IP Module status NS EtherNet IP Node status WLAN Wireless LAN status See Blink Codes on page 41 time When using a daisy chain configuration be aware that if power to a brain is lost all brains beyond it on the network will also lose communication Firmware on daisy chained brains must be updated one brain at a The WLAN interface does not provide access to other brains in a daisy chain configuration as this interface has a separate IP address SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SPECIFICATIONS LEDs and Network Interfaces Serial Brains LEDs SERIAL Green Transmit Red Receive Amber Transmit Receive STAT Brain status IRQ Reserved for future use
59. nfigured using a wired interface 1 For an Ethernet brain either a standard wired or Wired Wireless model use Category 5 or superior solid unshielded twisted pair cable to connect the brain in one of the following ways Recommended for initial configuration Connect to a PC directly using a standard Ethernet cable Connectto a standard 10BASE T or 100BASE TX Ethernet network that has a PC on the same subnet as the brain and does NOT have a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server Maximum cable or segment length is 100 meters minimum cable length is one meter NOTE When connecting the contoller to a managed switch make sure the managed switch s port configuration is set to Auto for the Duplex setting and Auto for the Speed setting Before turning on power to the rack follow instructions in Opto 22 form 1704 the PAC Manager User s Guide to assign an IP address to the brain Exception If you are using the brain with an Allen Bradley Logix system follow instructions in form 1770 the EtherNet IP for SNAP PAC Protocol Guide These guides are in Adobe Acrobat PDF format on the CD that came with the brain and are also available from our website www opto22 com E SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 2 INSTALLING A SNAP PAC BRAIN Setting Up Serial Networking The serial brain can be connected to a SNAP SNAP PAC serial brain top view PAC S series controller or to a PC equipped with an O
60. nformation on IP addresses If you have no existing Ethernet network you can use off the shelf Ethernet components to build one Since Ethernet and TCP IP are worldwide standards there are a number of commercially available resources for learning about building and maintaining such a network We strongly suggest you learn as much as possible about the subject and plan your network carefully before beginning in order to get the best performance from your system Because SNAP PAC brains have two switched Ethernet network interfaces you can install them in a daisy chain configuration See the next section for more information Using the Brain in a Wireless LAN A Wired Wireless brain SNAP PAC EB1 W or SNAP PAC EB2 W can also be used in a wireless local area network LAN built with components that meet 802 1 1a b or g standards depending on which works best for your environment Both ad hoc and infrastructure modes are supported The best security however is available only in infrastructure mode Remember that you must use PAC Manager on a wired network to configure wireless communication parameters before you can use the brain wirelessly The brain can communicate both wirelessly and on a wired network at the same time if needed Because the wireless LAN interface is on a separate network interface card it has a separate IP address and must be on a separate IP subnet from the wired interfaces For the same reason it is not possible to
61. o remove a module see page 9 Optional Use standard 4 40 x 1 2 truss head Phillips hold down screws to secure both sides of each module Optional hold down screws CAUTION Do not over tighten screws Plug the wiring connector into each module to attach modules to the devices they monitor Wiring diagrams are in the module s data sheet Removing a Module If you need to remove a module follow these Steps 1 If the modules are held in place with pt screws remove them Pus a Holding the SNAP module tool ae provided as shown in the illustration at of right insert it into the notch at the base of the module N Squeeze the module tool against the module to open the release latch and pull straight up on the module to remove it Continue with Installing the Brain on page 10 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide 9 INSTALLING HARDWARE Installing the Brain 1 2 3 Remove the brain from its packaging Turn off power to the rack assembly Align the brain connector with the mating connector on the mounting rack Seat the brain onto the connector and use the hold down screw to secure the brain in position Do not overtighten To attach network cabling and configure addressing skip to one of the following Setting Up Ethernet Networking on page 10 Setting Up Serial Networking on page 11 Setting Up Ethernet Networking NOTE Wired Wireless models must be initially co
62. ory tasks SNAP PAC brains can also be used independently for standalone O processing and communication SNAP PAC brains use either Ethernet networks or serial networks The Ethernet Brains SNAP PAC EB1 and SNAP PAC EB2 share the same functions and features except that the SNAP PAC EB1 provides high speed digital functions The SNAP PAC EB2 does not offer high speed digital SNAP PAC EB1 FM and SNAP PAC EB2 FM are Factory Mutual approved versions of these two brains The SNAP PAC R1 W and SNAP PAC R2 W are Wired Wireless models which retain all the same features and add a wireless LAN interface For more information on Wired Wireless see page 2 e Tho two Serial Brains SNAP PAC SB1 and SNAP PAC SB2 are like each other in their functions and features except that the SNAP PAC SB1 provides high speed digital functions The SNAP PAC SB2 does not offer high speed digital Because the EB brains and SB brains run on different networks some of their features differ For a comparison of brain features see page 33 I O Processing As an O processor the SNAP PAC brain provides the local intelligence to independently handle functions such as latching counting thermocouple linearization watchdog timers and PID loop control These functions continue to work on the brain even if communication with the controller is lost Each SNAP PAC brain mounts on a SNAP PAC rack with up to 4 8 12 or 16 SNAP I 0 modules Each module provide
63. ount of time the input stays on or stays off On pulse and off pulse measurement Digital input requires SNAP PAC EB1 or SNAP PAC SB1 brain with firmware 8 2 or higher PAC Project Pro 8 2 or higher and a SNAP PAC controller Frequency is the speed with which a digital point changes state and is usually measured in counts per second For example reading the frequency can help you determine the speed of rotat ing machinery Period refers to the elapsed time for a complete on off on transition on a digital point Measurement starts on the first transition either off to on or on to off and stops on the next transition of the same type Frequency and Period measurement Digital input requires firmware 8 2 or higher PAC Project Pro 8 2 or higher and a SNAP PAC controller For a digital input a totalizer accumulates the total amount of Digital totalizing time that a digital input is on or off The on time totalizer shows how long the point has been on the off time totalizer shows how long the point has been off Totalizers are often used to determine maintenance or use schedules Digital output requires firmware 8 2 or higher PAC Project Pro 8 2 or higher and a Pulse and square SNAP PAC controller A pulse turns a digital output on or off briefly either once or for wave generation a specified number of times at a specified interval A digital square wave is a specific pattern of on and off states repea
64. pendent I O Processor As the following diagram shows you can communicate with an independent SNAP PAC serial brain using a PC with an Opto 22 PCI AC48 adapter card To communicate with other devices use our OptoMMP Communication Toolkit to develop custom software See Setting Up Serial Networking on page 11 for more information on wiring to the PC PC with PCI AC48 adapter card running a custom application built using the OptoMMP Communication Toolkit Serial network r Ethernet network Third party devices SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide ETHERNET NETWORKING Ethernet Networking From a physical standpoint SNAP PAC Ethernet brains can be networked in several ways e Connected directly to a PC or controller using a standard Ethernet cable e Attached to an existing TCP IP Ethernet network e Aspart of an independent network built with standard Ethernet hardware Wired wireless models only In a wireless LAN The networking method you use depends on several things including whether you need control or data acquisition the number of PCs and I O units you are using the speed and volume of communication security requirements and the availability of an Ethernet network As an option in any network you can install multiple brains in a daisy chain configuration See page 28 for more information Connecting Directly to a PC or Controller A direct connection using a standard Ethernet cable connects the SNAP PAC bra
65. pto 22 PCI AC48 adapter card LO uae which provides an RS 485 serial converter TX RX LED gt Qs wich If you are using PAC Control software AS n Pin 1 connect the brain to an S series controller Serial Follow the diagram at right and the steps Reset switch A EEST connector below to set up serial networking N NG a d Termination Q o switches 1 Attach an RS 485 serial cable to the 9 amp serial port See Appendix A Serial K lt tangi Cables and Addressing for cable a na Address lower recommendations o Reserved LED 2 Follow the wiring diagrams beginning STAT LED on page 12 for the serial network 3 Rotate the baud rate switch to set the desired baud rate as follows Reserved F 4800 bps 7 230400 bps E 2400 bps 6 115200 bps D 1200 bps 5 76800 bps C 600 bps 4 57600 bps B 300 bps 3 38400 bps A Reserved 2 19200 bps 9 Reserved 1 9600 bps 8 Reserved 0 4 Use the three tiny termination switches to set termination Forhalf duplex termination 2 wire 485 move switch 1 TX RX jJ to ON and switch 2 RX to OFF Forfull duplex termination 4 wire 485 move switch 1 to ON n and switch 2 to ON illustrated at right TX RX NOTE Bias on a SNAP PAC 8B brain is always ON Switch 3 is reserved 5 Use the two rotary address switches to set the unit s address There are 256 possible addresses 0 255 See Appendix A Serial C
66. rams serial brain 12
67. reaming o o o o o o Digital events Alarm events Serial events o o o o o e 08 e Event messaging o o o o o o Data logging in the brain o o o o o o Does not support serial motion control Profibus or Wiegand modules Four channel digital modules only not available on high density digital modules 3 Requires a SNAP quadrature input module SNAP IDC5Q Available when used with PAC Control Professional 8 2 or higher and a SNAP PAC controller Requires firmware 8 2 or higher 5 Requires a SNAP analog TPO module SNAP AOD 29 Currently available on all types of modules except analog modules with more than 4 points 7 Available when used with OptoOPCServer and PAC Control through a SNAP PAC S series controller Does not support serial events SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE Feature Descriptions See the feature table on page 33 For additional information including configuration see the PAC Manager User s Guide Digital input and output A digital point is either on or off You can read the current States state of a digital input or write an on off state to a digital output Digital input When the value of a digital input point changes from off to on an on latch is automatically set While the value of the point may return to off the on latch remains set as a record of the change until you clear it Similarly an off latch is set when the value of a digital point ch
68. rol User s Guide amp Command Reference CAUTION Events and reactions set up using alternate methods are faster than flowchart logic but be careful if you use them They can conflict with PAC Control logic third party software such as HMls and databases OPC OptoDataLink for databases cesses acquire data chart logic nication Toolkit or because both write to the brain s memory map For Com OptoMMP protocol munication Toolkit or OptoMMP protocol see OptoMMP Protocol Guide Give technicians an HMI with z alarming and trending PAC Display See PAC Display User s Guide Communicate with Allen Brad EtherNet IP Wired Ethernet based brains only ley Logix PLC systems See EtherNet IP for SNAP PAC Protocol Guide Communicate with Modbus Modbus TCP Ethernet based brains only TCP hardware or software See Modbus TCP Protocol Guide Purchase OptoOPCServer or OptoDataLink separately or as part of PAC Project Professional See OptoOPCServer Exchange I O point data with OptoOPCServer for User s Guide and OptoDataLink User s Guide NOTE EB brains can communicate directly with OptoOPCServer and OptoDataLink SB brains must com municate through a PAC Control strategy running on an S series controller Send email or page someone Send SNMP trap Monitor devices through an enterprise management sys tem PAC Control and PAC Manager for configuration OptoMMP Commu nication Toolkit or OptoMMP protocol
69. s from 1 to 32 O points depending on the module SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide EX ABOUT SNAP PAC BRAINS SNAP PAC Ethernet brains both wired and wired wireless support all the SNAP 1 0 analog digital serial and special purpose input and output modules available on the Opto 22 website SNAP PAC Serial brains support all analog and digital SNAP I O modules including high density All SNAP I O modules can be mixed on the same mounting rack and placed in any position on the rack to accommodate the required mix of signals at any location For more information on mounting racks see Opto 22 form 1684 the SNAP PAC Racks Data Sheet For more information on O modules visit our website at www opto22 com Communications In addition to I O processing SNAP PAC brains provide communication through a choice of networks e Wired Ethernet SNAP PAC EB1 SNAP PAC EB1 FM SNAP PAC EB2 and SNAP PAC EB2 FM brains communicate over a standard 10 100 Mbps Ethernet network Fach brain is equipped with two switched Ethernet network interfaces Because these interfaces share a single IP address and act just like an Ethernet switch SNAP PAC brains can be installed in a multi drop daisy chain configuration extending the control network without the expense of additional Ethernet network hardware SNAP PAC brains can also be installed in a star configuration using standard off the shelf Ethernet network components e Wired Wireless Ethernet
70. s more than a bus coupler but does not require programming Instead multiple I O functions are built in Because the brain automatically handles many processing tasks locally you can add more I O points and process control functions to your system with little impact on PLC scan time The system as a whole becomes more efficient with intelligence distributed to the remote O SNAP PAC brains and I O provide distributed intelligence to reduce the load on the PLC 1 0 functions continue on the brain even if communication iw 2 with the controller fails Distributed brain and l O Distributed brain and O Distributed brain and O SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE SNAP PAC Ethernet Brain as an Independent I O Processor As the following diagram illustrates you can communicate with an independent SNAP PAC Ethernet brain using Modbus TCP the OptoOPCServer available separately SNMP SMTP or applications you develop using the free OptoMMP Communication Toolkit or our OptoMMP protocol Custom application using ActiveX or C E OptoMMP protocol Modbus TCP Any OPC dlient software through OptoOPCServer purchase separately Ethernet network Third party HMI Wonderware Intellution Iconics Modbus TCP hardware and software SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 3 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE SNAP PAC Serial Brain as an Inde
71. sion Timeout msec 250 gi OxFFFF F038 0018 TCP Initial Retransmission Timeout msec 3000 Digital Point OxFFFF F038 001C TCP Retransmission Attempts 5 OxFFFF F038 0020 TCP Idle Session Timeout msec 0 Disable 240000 Analog Bank OxFFFF F038 0294 Digital Feature Scan Interval msec 1 OxFFFF F038 0050 Max Analog and High Density Digital Scan Interval msec 1000 Analog Point OxFFFF F038 0054 Scanner Flags 0x 00000000 OxFFFF FFFF F050 Secondary IP Address 10 192 255 5 High Density OxFFFF FFFF F058 Secondary Subnet Mask 255 255 192 0 System gt Operation Commands Send Command Scratch Pad Y Send powerup clear Jas Reset to defaults and Restart Device DataLog gt Store configuration to flash Erase configuration from flash PID U Restart Device from powerup Switch to loader mode Events U Clear Digital Events Old configuration Clear Alarm E vents configuration Communications gt Clear PPP configuration Clear E mail configuration Other U Clear Digital Events Expanded configuratic Clear PID Loops configuration Clear Data Logging samples CAUTION Note the following recommended settings TCP Minimum Retransmission Timeout msec 250 TCP Initial Retransmission Timeout msec 3000 TCP Retransmission Attempts a TCP Idle Session Timeout msec 240 000 If you set these fields too low you may not be able to communicate with the device at all even through PAC Manager to fix the settings Then you would have to reset
72. structions in the PAC Manager User s Guide Blink Codes LEDs on the top of a SNAP PAC brain use blink codes to indicate operation and status For the location of LEDs see LEDs and Network Interfaces Wired Ethernet Brains on page 31 or LEDs and Network Interfaces Serial Brains on page 32 Blink codes provide useful information during operation and in troubleshooting Self Test LED Sequence at Startup When you first turn on the brain you ll see the following LED sequence This is a self test 0 25 Green Off 0 25 Red Off 0 25 Green Green 0 25 Red Green 0 25 Off Green Normal LED Behavior MS NS and WLAN LEDs Once the self test is finished normal LED behavior is as shown in the following tables MS LED Steady Off No power Steady Green Operational Device has been configured and can operate normally Flashing Green Standby Device does not have a valid IP configuration Flashing Red Minor fault A recoverable fault has occurred Steady Red Major fault A non recoverable fault has occurred SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide E MAINTAINING THE SNAP PAC BRAIN NS LED Steady Off The device does not have a valid IP address or is powered off Flashing Green No connections Steady Green Connected Flashing Red Connection Timeout Steady Red Not used WLAN LED Solid Red Disconnected Solid Orange WLAN interface is scanning associating and a
73. ted continuously Time proportional output varies the duty cycle and the percentage of on time within that cycle TPO is often combined with a PID loop and used to control the output for exam Time proportional ple in a heater or oven output TPO Digital output Requires firmware 8 2 or higher PAC Project Pro 8 2 or higher and a SNAP PAC controller Analog output Requires a SNAP AOD 29 module SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide SNAP PAC BRAIN COMPARISON CHART Digital and analog input and output A watchdog monitors communication with the PC or other host device If the host does not write data to the I O unit for the length of time set in the watchdog the O unit automatically sets designated digital and analog output Watchdog points to the values you have determined If communication fails between the host and the brain controlling a process a watchdog makes sure the process is automatically brought to a safe state For example a valve could automatically close to avoid completely emptying a tank Scaling Analog input and output Analog input and output points can be scaled as needed For example you can scale a 5 V to 5 V input point to reflect 0 to 100 Minimum and maximum values Analog input Minimum and maximum values are sometimes called peaks and val leys You can read these values at any time for example to record minimum and maxi mum temperatures You can also reset min max va
74. the drop down list You can also type in the brain s IP address Click Status Read Information from the brain is displayed in the window Device Name EBI l xPFFF F030 0004 IOxPPP r030 0008 OxPPPP P030 0018 OxPrrr P030 0080 OxFFFF F030 0020 OxFFFF F030 0028 Oxrrrr r020 0028 xFFFF r030 0048 OxFFFF F030 004C Oxrrrer F030 0054 xPFPP F038 0054 Powerup Clear Flag PUC Needed Busy Flag Loader Version Memory Map Version Pirmware Version Firmware Version Date Firmware Version Time Unit Unit Description I O Unit Hardware Revision Month I O Unit Hardware Revision Day I O Unit Hardware Revision Year Installed Ram TCP IP Default Gateway TCP IP Namo Server Always BootP DHCP On Powerup Degrees P C Comm Watchdog Time msec Bcanner Plags PUC Received 0 o R1 Od i 10 14 09 17 2007 0x00000076 SNAP PAC EBI 3 29 2007 16777216 00 A0 23D 01 00 96 10 192 50 62 255 255 0 0 0 0 0 0 otf 0 c 0 0 0x0000 Tem If information does not appear contact Product Support See page 5 SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide Date and time data was last read Click to update data CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING Solving Ethernet Network Problems If there are recurring problems in communicating with the brain check your network The cables routers and so on in your Ethernet network are not part of the Opto 22 hardware but any problems
75. tion from the controller to the brain or directly from a PC to the brain using the computer s serial port via a serial cable and an RS 485 adapter such as an Opto 22 PCI AC48 adapter card More information on wiring begins on page 11 Communication methods include e PAC Control strategies running on a SNAP PAC controller can configure read and write to I O points on SNAP PAC brains e PAC Manager software can be used to configure I O points and features in addition it can be used to perform onetime reads and writes e Custom software applications can be developed using our OptoMMP Communication Toolkit Custom applications use the OptoMMP protocol to read and write to SNAP PAC brains OPC clients and SQL databases can exchange data with SNAP PAC serial brains through the SNAP PAC controller You can use OptoOPCServer for communication with any OPC 2 0 compliant application such as an HMI Use OptoDataLink for connectivity with ODBC compliant databases including Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft Access and MySQL OptoOPCServer and OptoDataLink can be purchased separately or as part of PAC Project Professional Communication routes are summarized in the following table o Configuration control monitoring and PAC Control data acquisition Custom software o Configuration and one time reads writes PAC Manager e e for testing or troubleshooting OPC communication OptoOPCServer hd SQL database connectivity OptoDataLink bd
76. tions to install the software Installing Hardware Assemble the rack and power supply according to the directions that came with them Installing Modules on the Rack Modules snap into place in the row of connectors on the rack Each module connector has a number Ethernet based brains both standard wired and Wired Wireless models support all SNAP I O modules Serial based brains support all SNAP I O analog and digital modules including high density modules NOTE Any type of module can be placed in any position on the rack Check module data sheets for power requirements and any quantity limitations See the chart on page 33 for brain compatibility 1 Placethe rack so that the module connector numbers are right side up with zero on the left Module Module connectors position zero Retention bar Brain connector 2 Position the module over the module connector aligning the small slot at the base of the module with the retention bar on the rack Eg SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 2 INSTALLING A SNAP PAC BRAIN 3 With the module correctly aligned over the connector push on the Module keys module to snap it into place T When positioning modules next to O each other be sure to align the male and female module keys shown in the detailed view in the illustration at right before snapping a module into position Modules snap securely into place and require a special tool provided for removal T
77. tus Status Read area last read at 09 19 07 12 55 23 Digital Point Analog Bank Analog Point High Density System Scratch Pad Data Log D PID Events U Communications Other U OxFFFF F030 0058 OxFFFF FO30 0064 OxFFFF FO30 0068 OxFFFF F030 006C OxFFFF F030 0108 TCP Minimum RTO msec 250 TCP Initial RTO msec 3000 TCP Retransmits TCP Idle Session Timeout msec TCP Idle Session Timeout Count Refresh 5 240000 0 OxFFFF F030 0070 OxFFFF F030 0074 xFFFF F030 0078 OxFFFF F030 007C OxFFFF F030 011C xFFFF F030 0148 xFFFF F030 0100 OxFFFF F030 0104 xFFFF F030 0120 OxFFFF F030 0128 OxFFFF F030 0134 OxFFFF F030 0124 OxFFFF F030 0130 xFFFF F030 0138 OxFFFF F030 0110 xFFFF F030 0114 OxFFFF F030 0118 xFFFF F030 0140 Ethernet Errors Late Collisions 0 Ethernet Errors Excessive Collisions 0 Ethernet Errors Others 0 Smart Modules Present Ox0000 analog serial etc PID Loops Supported 96 Digital Modules Supported 16 Arcnet Reconfigs Detected 277 Arenet Reconfigs Initiated by I O Unit 277 Arcnet Transmit Attempts Since Powerup 16 Arcnet ACKs Arcnet Timeouts 16 Arcnet Other node not found etc 0 Arcnet Timeout Value msec 140 Arcnet Receive Interrupts 0 Ethernet MAC Resets Since Powerup 0 Dig Output Point Resets Since Powerup 0 Dig Interrupt Failures Since Powerup 0 Analog amp High Density Digital Scanner
78. twork Make sure TCP IP is configured as a protocol and that an IP address and subnet mask are assigned If you see the message Destination host route not defined the brain probably has an inappropriate IP address and subnet mask Make sure the IP address and subnet mask on the brain are compatible with those on the computer Follow the directions beginning on page 40 to check the IP address and subnet mask on the brain and change them if necessary If you see the message No response from host check the following e Are the computer and brain correctly connected Is the brain turned on e Arethe IP address and subnet mask on the brain compatible with those on the computer e ls the brain in reset mode Check for a blinking STAT LED STAT blink codes are shown on page 41 If you still cannot ping the brain contact Opto 22 Product Support See page 5 Accessing the Ethernet Brain with PAC Manager Once you know you can ping the brain try to access it using PAC Manager You will need to know the brains IP address 1 If PAC Manager is not already open choose Start Programs Opto 22 PAC Project PAC Manager SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide TROUBLESHOOTING SNAP PAC BRAINS 3 PAC Manager File Tools View Help The PAC Manager main window opens OX alesja x a e R 8 ej In the PAC Manager main window click the Inspect button amp l In the Device Name field enter the name of the brain or choose the name from
79. uthenticating the network Solid Green Association and authentication are completed WLAN is up Blinking Green Ethernet activity on the wireless interface STAT LED Green If the STAT LED is on and remains green the brain is operating normally On an EB brain a solid green LED indicates that the brain has an IP address If the STAT LED blinks green when the brain starts up it indicates the following 2 fast Normal the brain s firmware is starting up Default settings have been successfully restored Entering failsafe bootloader mode See Resetting the Brain on page 40 for more information fast STAT LED Orange Onan EB brain if the STAT LED blinks orange about four times a second the device is attempting to obtain an IP address by sending BootP requests Onan SB brain you can enable special orange blink codes to troubleshoot communication See page 50 for more information On both EB and SB brains if the STAT LED blinks orange fast and continuously after you pushed the RESET button the device is in hardware test mode see page 40 STAT LED Red and Green If the STAT LED blinks red and green alternately it indicates that the brain is in failsafe bootloader mode See Resetting the Brain on page 40 for more information SNAP PAC Brains User s Guide CHAPTER 4 MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING STAT LED Red If the STAT LED blinks red it indicates the following SB

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