User Guide for the Survey of Household Spending, 2006
Contents
1. 7 How to calculate total expenditure on an item for all households or a sub group of households Refer to the Example data table To calculate how much was spent on average on an item for all households or households in a particular sub group e g households in the lowest income group multiply average expenditure per household for an item by the estimated number of households at the top of the column For example to find how much was spent on food by all households in the lowest income group Average expenditure per lowest income household for food x estimated number of households Example 2 474 x 463 590 1 146 921 660 Note that this aggregate is based on a sample that excludes households ineligible for the survey Statistics Canada 36 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE 8 How to calculate percentage of total expenditure for all households market share Refer to the Example data table Expenditure share or market share is the percentage of the total expenditure for an item that can be attributed to a particular sub group of households e g the percentage of all clothing expenditures made by households in the lowest income group It is calculated by dividing the total expenditure on an item for a given sub group of households to calculate see above by the total expenditure on the item for all households and then multiplying by 100 For example to find the percentage of all expenditures on food made2. Rent Refers to the net household expense for rent after adjusting for rebates and for any use of the dwelling for business No adjustment for partial subletting to non household members is made Receipts from this activity are considered part of household income Statistics Canada 21 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Tenants insurance Homeowners insurance The premiums paid in 2006 for fire and comprehensive policies Premiums covering more than the reference year were not prorated Repairs and maintenance owned living quarters Covers expenditures for labour and materials for all types of repairs and maintenance This variable includes expenditures to repair and maintain built in equipment appliances and fixtures Money spent on alterations and improvements is considered to contribute to an increase in assets and is included in Money flows assets loans and other debts An annual data series from 1987 to 2002 with the exception of 2000 showing household expenditures on repairs and renovations is available from the Homeowner Repair and Renovation Survey HRRS However this survey was cancelled permanently in 2003 The HRRS had been an annual source of detailed estimates of repairs and renovations expenses See Homeowner Repair and Renovation Expenditure Catalogue no 62 201 and Estimating homeowners expenses on repairs and renovations recent changes in approach Catalogue no 62F0026M Property taxes and sewage charges Refers
3. 3 Usable eligible 100 Statistics Canada 15 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Processing error Processing errors may occur in any of the data processing stages for example during data entry editing weighting and tabulation See Data processing and quality control for a description of the steps taken to reduce processing error The effect of large values For any sample estimates can be affected by the presence or absence of extreme values from the population These extreme values are most likely to arise from positively skewed populations The nature of the subject matter of the SHS lends itself to such extreme values Estimates of totals averages and standard errors may be greatly influenced by the presence or absence of these extremes Comparability over time Conducted since 1997 the Survey of Household Spending integrates most of the content found in the Family Expenditure Survey and the Household Facilities and Equipment Survey Many variables from these two surveys are comparable to those in the Survey of Household Spending However some differences related to the methodology to data quality and to definitions must be considered before making comparisons For more information refer to Note to Former Users of Data from the Family Expenditure Survey and Note to Former Users of Data from the Household Facilities and Equipment Survey Catalogue no 62FO0026M Both documents are available free of charge on the Statistics Canad
4. operations household furnishings and equipment clothing transportation health care personal care recreation reading materials education tobacco products and alcoholic beverages games of chance and a miscellaneous group of items Caution should be used when comparing total current consumption to total current consumption from 1996 and earlier Prior to 1997 expenditures for gifts were not included in total current consumption Starting in 1997 these expenditures are reported in the appropriate spending category and therefore contribute to total current consumption See also Shelter and Miscellaneous expenditures Food purchased from stores Stores includes frozen food provisioners outdoor farmers markets and stands and all other non service establishments Food purchased from restaurants Restaurants includes refreshment stands snack bars vending machines mobile canteens caterers and coffee wagons Shelter Includes expenditures on principal accommodation either owned or rented and on other accommodation such as vacation homes or accommodation while travelling Expenditure on owned principal accommodation includes regular mortgage payments if any This definition of shelter differs from that of the Family Expenditure Survey last conducted in 1996 See Note to Former Users of Data from the Family Expenditure Survey Catalogue no 62F0026M available free on the Statistics Canada website www statcan ca
5. Household Income Quintile for Canada and Provinces e 62F0033X Detailed Average Household Expenditure by Housing Tenure for Canada e 62F0034X Detailed Average Household Expenditure by Household Type for Canada e 62F0035X Detailed Average Household Expenditure by Size of Area of Residence for Canada e 62F0041X Dwelling Characteristics and Household Equipment for Canada Provinces Territories and Selected Metropolitan Areas e 62F0042X Dwelling Characteristics and Household Equipment by Income Quintile for Canada e 62F0043X Dwelling Characteristics and Household Equipment by Housing Tenure for Canada e 62F0044X Dwelling Characteristics and Household Equipment by Household Type for Canada e 62F0045X Dwelling Characteristics and Household Equipment by Size of Area of Residence for Canada Household Expenditures Research Paper Series This series provides detailed documentation on issues concepts methodology data quality and other relevant research related to household expenditures from the Survey of Household Spending e 62FOO26MIE Household Expenditures Research Paper Series CANSIM CANSIM the Canadian Socio Economic Information Management System is a data base consisting of multi dimensional cross sectional tables Twenty tables are available They present annual information from the Survey of Household Spending about the spending habits dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households by province territory
6. and select Publications Standards of service to the public Statistics Canada is committed to serving its clients in a prompt reliable and courteous manner To this end the Agency has developed standards of service which its employees observe in serving its clients To obtain a copy of these service standards please contact Statistics Canada toll free at 1 800 263 1136 The service standards are also published on www statcan ca under About us gt Providing services to Canadians Statistics Canada Income Statistics Division Household expenditures research paper series User Guide for the Survey of Household Spending 2006 Published by authority of the Minister responsible for Statistics Canada Minister of Industry 2008 All rights reserved The content of this electronic publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and by any means without further permission from Statistics Canada subject to the following conditions that it be done solely for the purposes of private study research criticism review or newspaper summary and or for non commercial purposes and that Statistics Canada be fully acknowledged as follows Source or Adapted from if appropriate Statistics Canada year of publication name of product catalogue number volume and issue numbers reference period and page s Otherwise no part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form
7. by households in the lowest income group Average expenditure per lowest income households on food x Estimated of households in lowest income group x 100 Average expenditure for all households on food x Estimated of households for all classes Example Example data 2 474 x 463 590 1 77 5 960 x 10 900 500 Summary average household expenditure by household income group All classes Under 10 000 10 000 to 14 999 15 000 to 19 999 Estimated number of 10 900 500 463 590 882 370 797 740 households Average household 2 61 1 29 1 52 1 94 size Average Percentage Average Percentage Average Percentage Average Percentage household reporting household reporting household reporting household reporting expenditure expenditure expenditure expenditure Food 5 960 100 0 2 474 100 0 2 881 100 0 3 518 100 0 Shelter 8 477 99 9 4 426 99 3 5 051 99 5 5 833 99 9 Pet expenses 239 47 6 67 29 4 70 27 2 122 38 2 Clothing 2 115 99 0 427 92 0 615 96 1 840 98 2 Total 49 068 100 0 12 311 100 0 15 036 100 0 20 143 100 0 expenditure Note These data do not come from the current year s survey Statistics Canada 37 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Related products and services Detailed tables The following standard tables are also available e 62F0031X Detailed Average Household Expenditure for Canada Provinces Territories and Selected Metropolitan Areas e 62F0032X Detailed Average Household Expenditure by
8. from 546 questionnaires for the 2005 reference year to 4 300 or 29 4 of the 14 635 completed questionnaires for 2006 Discarding as unusable this number of questionnaires would seriously risk biasing the results so a careful analysis was done comparing the balanced and the unbalanced questionnaires There were few significant differences in the average and percentage reporting of expenses between the balanced and the unbalanced questionnaires Most of the difference lay in the income and the change of assets reported on the unbalanced responses We concluded that we could include the unbalanced questionnaires in the Statistics Canada 14 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE estimates of expenses but users should note that the quality of the income and change of assets may be lower than in previous years For the 2007 SHS the electronic questionnaire will be modified to re introduce the balance edit feature and ensure identification and correction of out of balance records during the interview and collection as in previous years Non response error Non response error occurs in sample surveys because not all potential respondents provide complete information Total non response occurs when the interviewer is unable to contact the respondent no member of the household is able to provide information or the respondent refuses to participate in the survey Total non response is handled by adjusting the basic survey weight for responding households to co
9. is as follows e Age At the provincial level there are controls for 8 age groups 0 to 6 7 to 17 18 to 24 25 to 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 to 64 65 Atthe CMA level two age groups 0 to 17 18 e There are controls for three size of household categories one person two persons 3 e T4 adjustments are made to the weights of the population for income from wages and salaries 0 to 25 percentile 25 to 50 50 to 65 65 to 75 75 to 95 95 to 100 Due to their smaller population only two age groups are used for the three northern territories number of persons under 18 and number of persons 18 and older The weights are also calibrated to the totals for one person households two person Statistics Canada 10 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE households and households with three or more persons Before the historical re weighting the calibration strategy varied slightly between the territories and between survey years The northern calibration is now consistent across all three territories and over time The weights and calibration strategy were implemented for SHS for the years 1997 and onward resulting in revised estimates of household spending for each year up to 2003 Users of SHS data should take care to make comparisons using the re weighted data Statistics Canada 11 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Data quality Sampling error Sampling errors occur because inferences about the entire population are based
10. of the data some of these items might be regarded as savings although the relationship between the expenditure and any increase in savings may not be easily determined This category of expenditure was Statistics Canada 23 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE called Security prior to the 1996 survey Registered retirement savings plan RRSP contributions are included in Money flows assets loans and other debts Gifts of money and contributions This includes money and support payments given to persons outside the household or to charity This does not include money spent on gifts to persons outside the household as was the case in the Family Expenditure Survey Dwelling characteristics Dwelling characteristics are collected as of the date of the interview Type of dwelling This describes the type of dwelling in which the household resided at the time of interview A dwelling is a structurally separate set of living premises with a private entrance from outside the building or from a common hall or stairway A single detached dwelling contains only one dwelling unit and is completely separated by open space on all sides from any other structure except its own garage or shed A single attached dwelling is a double or semi detached unit side by side or a row or terrace unit The classification apartment includes duplexes two dwellings situated one above the other triplexes quadruplexes or apartment buildings Othe
11. of the reference person who was not present in the household at the time of the interview Statistics Canada 29 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Size of area of residence Sampled dwellings are assigned to the following groups depending on the 2001 population size according to the 2001 census boundaries of the metropolitan area municipality or area in which they are located Urban 1 000 000 and over 500 000 to 999 999 250 000 to 499 999 100 000 to 249 999 30 000 to 99 999 under 30 000 Rural Urban area For the Survey of Household Spending based on the LFS sampling frame urban areas include all large metropolitan areas even though they do contain some rural areas most small metropolitan areas also called census agglomerations In some cases where a census agglomeration contains a large rural population only the urban portion is considered urban urban areas based on the census definition Urban areas have minimum population concentrations of 1 000 and a population density of at least 400 per square kilometre based on the previous census population counts Rural area All territory outside urban areas is considered rural Taken together urban and rural areas cover all of Canada Statistics presented in the standard tables Average expenditure per household This is equal to the estimated total expenditures of all households divided by the estimated number of households The average is based on all h
12. students at university were included in the household to avoid double counting Survey content and reference period Detailed information was collected about household expenditures for consumer goods and services changes in assets mortgages and other loans and annual income This information was collected for the calendar year 2006 the survey reference year Information was also collected about dwelling characteristics e g type age and tenure of the dwelling and household equipment e g appliances communications equipment etc The reference date for this information was the time of the interview Because the Survey of Household Spending is designed principally to provide detailed information on non food expenditures only an overall estimate of food expenditure is recorded Detailed information on food expenditure is provided by the Food Expenditure Survey which was last conducted in 2001 In February 2003 the results were published in Food Expenditure in Canada 2001 Catalogue no 62 554 X 1 In order to reduce response burden for northern households the Survey of Household Spending is conducted in the north only for odd numbered reference years starting with 1999 Statistics Canada 8 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE The sample The sample size for the 2006 Survey of Household Spending was 20 436 eligible households The SHS sample was a stratified multi stage sample selected from the Labour Force Survey LFS samplin
13. weights are adjusted so that the estimates from the sample are in line with population totals or benchmarks from other independent sources of information that are considered reliable This is called weight calibration SHS uses two sources for calibration The first source is the Census of Population which provides demographic benchmarks From 1997 to 2003 SHS used benchmarks derived from the 1996 Census Beginning with the 2004 reference year the SHS uses survey weights which take into account new population projections from the 2001 Census In order to make these estimates comparable over time the weights for all previous SHS have been revised using the new 2001 Census data The second source used for adjusting the survey weights for SHS are T4 data from the Canada Revenue Agency which ensures that the estimated distribution of earners in the survey matches the one in the Canadian population It was decided to take advantage of this historical revision to also introduce an improved calibration strategy for the SHS weights Improvements to the calibration strategy were deemed necessary to put emphasis on SHS needs such as the age groups used for calibration and to take into account the quality of the benchmarks It was also felt that there were too many benchmarks leading to too many constraints on the weights and that this produced undesirable results such as negative weights which were not acceptable The current calibration strategy
14. will be reviewed prior to the next survey cycle Since the CANSIM tables prior to 2006 were based on full year households only in order to maintain the comparability with prior years the data for 2002 2005 have been revised to include both full year and part year Data for 1997 2001 will be revised at a later date Statistics Canada 17 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Definitions General concepts Survey universe The 2006 Survey of Household Spending has two reference periods and therefore two survey universes Expenditure data are collected for the calendar year 2006 Household members dwelling characteristics and data about household equipment are collected as of the date of the interview from January until April 2007 Household A person or group of persons occupying one dwelling unit is defined as a household The number of households therefore equals the number of occupied dwellings Distinction between full year and part year has been dropped beginning in the 2006 reference year Household member Household member was a member of the household at the time of the interview Reference person The household member being interviewed chooses which household member should be listed as the reference person after hearing the following definition The household reference person is the member of the household mainly responsible for its financial maintenance e g pays the rent mortgage property taxes and electricity This pers
15. Catalogue no 62FO026M No 001 ISSN 1708 8879 ISBN 978 0 662 48009 9 Research Paper Household expenditures research paper series User Guide for the Survey of Household Spending 2006 Income Statistics Division Jean Talon Building Ottawa K1A OT6 Telephone 613 951 7355 Statistics ntque C d ivi Canada nada anda How to obtain more information Specific inquiries about this product and related statistics or services should be directed to Income Statistics Division Statistics Canada Ottawa Ontario K1A OT6 telephone 613 951 7355 1 888 297 7355 income statcan ca For information about this product or the wide range of services and data available from Statistics Canada visit our website at www statcan ca or contact us by e mail at infostats statcan ca or by telephone from 8 30 a m to 4 30 p m Monday to Friday Statistics Canada National Contact Centre Toll free telephone Canada and the United States Inquiries line 1 800 263 1136 National telecommunications device for the hearing impaired 1 800 363 7629 Fax line 1 877 287 4369 Depository Services Program inquiries line 1 800 635 7943 Depository Services Program fax line 1 800 565 7757 Local or international calls Inquiries line 1 613 951 8116 Fax line 1 613 951 0581 Information to access the product This product Catalogue no 62F0026M is available for free in electronic format To obtain a single issue visit our website at www statcan ca
16. Client Services at 1 888 297 7355 or income statcan ca Housing tenure Whether a household member owned rented or both owned and rented Mixed tenure the dwelling s in which the household lived during the reference year See also Tenure under Dwelling characteristics 3 Traditionally the Survey of Consumer Finances SCF had been the source of Statistics Canada s annual income estimates Starting with data for the 1998 reference year the Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics SLID became the major source of annual cross sectional income estimates in addition to producing longitudinal income data Statistics Canada 28 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE All owners refers to households living for the entire reference year in a dwelling owned with or without mortgage by a household member See also Percentage homeowners at the time of the interview under Household characteristics Owners without mortgage owned the dwelling for the entire reference year and had no mortgage at the time of the interview Owners with mortgage owned the dwelling for the entire reference year and had a mortgage at the time of the interview Renters rented a dwelling for the entire reference year as a regular tenant rent free or with reduced rent Mixed tenure includes those households that both owned and rented during the reference year Household type Households are divided into the following types One person households are hou
17. Gatineau CMA Ottawa are tabulated for the metropolitan area The data for the Quebec part Gatineau are included in the data tabulated for the province of Quebec and Canada The metropolitan areas for which the data are tabulated are St John s Charlottetown Summerside Halifax Saint John Qu bec Montr al Ottawa Toronto Winnipeg Regina Saskatoon Calgary Edmonton Vancouver and Victoria Income Readers requiring official income statistics are directed to the publication Income in Canada Catalogue no 75 202 Household income quintiles Income groupings obtained by ranking households in ascending order of total household income and partitioning the households into five groups such that the estimated number of households in each group is the same In a quintile table the number of households in the sample for All classes can be up to four households higher than the actual number of households in the sample This is because a sampled household which falls on the threshold between two quintiles represents a number of households some of which would be allocated to the lower quintile and some to the higher so it is assigned to both quintiles Since there are four thresholds between quintiles the number of households in the sample for All classes in a quintile table may increase by up to four Custom tabulations of other income percentiles and various income groups are available subject to data quality restrictions Contact
18. See Housing tenure under Classification categories for standard tables Owned with mortgage indicates that the dwelling was owned by a household member and that there was a mortgage at the time of the interview Owned without mortgage indicates that the dwelling was owned by a household member and that there was no mortgage at the time of the interview Rented indicates that the dwelling was rented by the household for the entire reference year or occupied rent free at the time of the interview Mixed tenure includes those households that both owned and rented during the reference year Used in expenditure tables only Year of move Refers to the year the household moved into the dwelling If the dwelling was occupied by previous generations the first year of residence for the household member who has occupied the dwelling the longest is recorded Period of construction for dwelling occupied at the time of the interview This gives the year or period in which the original building was constructed Number of rooms for dwelling occupied at the time of the interview This includes the kitchen bedrooms and finished rooms in the attic or basement It excludes bathrooms halls vestibules and rooms used solely for business purposes Number of bathrooms for dwelling occupied at the time of the interview This indicates the number of rooms in the dwelling with an installed bathtub and or shower Principal heating equ
19. a web site www statcan ca Historical data from the 1997 to the 2003 surveys of household spending have been re weighted using the weighting methodology described in the section Weighting Historical comparisons between data from those surveys and data from recent years of the Survey of Household Spending should generally be made with re weighted data although the differences between survey estimates from the old and new methodologies appear to be minimal at a summary level Certain populations or variables however may be more strongly affected Starting with the 1997 Survey of Household Spending Tenant s maintenance repair and alterations and Insurance premiums were reduced by the proportion of rent charged to business This may affect comparisons with data from previous years For the 2001 and 2005 reference year extra questions were included for use in the weighting of the Consumer Price Index This change may affect some historical comparisons For example in 2001 and 2005 questions were added under Personal care to collect extra information about hair care products makeup fragrances deodorants and oral hygiene products As a result of these extra questions respondents may have given more precise information and the increase in the estimated expenditures for Personal care in those years may have been caused by an improvement in respondent recall The effect of additional questions on estimates is Statis
20. age number of people in a household In this context household size is defined as the number of persons who were members of the household at the time of the interview Average household income before tax This includes total household income received in the reference year income from wages and salaries self employment net rentals interest and dividends all pensions workers compensation and employment insurance benefits social assistance and income supplements child tax benefits goods and services tax credits harmonized sales tax credits provincial tax credits and miscellaneous regular income receipts Other money receipts Refers to other receipts not included in income such as cash gifts inheritance or life insurance settlements Winnings from games of chance are also included if they exceed the amount spent on games of chance Money flows assets loans and other debts Includes net changes during the reference year calendar year 2006 in bank balances money on hand money owed to the household money owed by the household purchase and sale of stocks and bonds personal property and real estate expenditures on home improvements and alterations and contributions to and withdrawals from registered retirement savings plans The Family Expenditure Survey last conducted in 1996 had a similar variable called Average net change in assets and liabilities For a complete description of the differences between the two variables
21. alue of the remaining winnings is moved to the variable Other money receipts Miscellaneous expenditures Expenses on other owned property not principal accommodation or vacation home legal services not related to dwellings financial services dues to unions and professional associations contributions and dues for social clubs and other organizations forfeits of deposits fines money lost or stolen the purchase of tools and equipment for work and other miscellaneous goods and services Caution should be used when comparing current data for Miscellaneous expenditures to data from the Family Expenditure Survey 1996 or earlier For a complete description of the differences between the two variables see Note to Former Users of Data from the Family Expenditure Survey 62FOO26MIE2000002 available free on the Statistics Canada website www statcan ca Personal taxes Income taxes paid in the reference year on both the reference year and previous years incomes plus other personal taxes e g gift taxes Newfoundland and Labrador school tax minus income tax refunds received in the reference year Tax credits such as child tax benefits goods and services tax credits and provincial tax credits are included in Average household income before taxes Personal insurance payments and pension contributions Payments for life insurance annuities employment insurance public and private pension plans and similar items For certain uses
22. ample ic cs psevivraaeseee teen ae sta ae eet eats taeda 9 Data collection cerir a a vuaaedd aveaeaia Devnet vuiagee eden Lie 9 Data processing and quality control 0 0 0 0 errr ereereeeeeeees 9 Weighting re weighting and Census historical revision Of SHS ceseeeeeeeeeeeeees 10 Data Quality tects E hee eke ee eked eel 8 ca ee lle 12 SAMPIING CMON arni chi ceinncaudavasdhlcetenedeiaweeseldetecanieves EEE E 12 Non sampling error oeio i areata nit cseta tee E aerate See tread 14 The effect OF large values 2255 se eo anda vance these pep msgavee ence peapndea ken eeenaaae Boca eeeaaaae 16 Comparability over TMG seccses ccc axeteateySccancd ode dats ia aneee oceads lneuua ed ue ctadsdtguteed demote deemed eds 16 Definitions sessione acdc asc ese bce a sda ch sees es ncn esd een tasks R aP snd aaa taanles naan seaneaeeeeaes 18 General CONCEPIS anire a ed cctan E cane ceed 18 Household characteristics accsis caste ccdaeas ahacnata qteancca ceces cea ee Bega tee tageeencte eae es 19 Selected household expenditures ccccccccceeeseeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeessaaaeeeeeeeeetene 21 Dwelling Characteristics ccc sehen se ned se Stain dh odes EEEE Sate dk adore eden dic 24 Flousenold GQuipment j Aan tendo ete hee aa 26 Classification categories for standard tables cccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeteees 27 Statistics presented in the standard tables ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeena
23. amples The coefficient of variation CV is the standard error expressed as a percentage of the estimate It is used to indicate the degree of uncertainty associated with an estimate For example if the estimate of the number of households having a given dwelling characteristic is 10 000 households and the corresponding CV is 5 then the true value is between 9 500 and 10 500 households 68 of the time and between 9 000 and 11 000 households 95 of the time Standard errors for the 2006 Survey of Household Spending were estimated using the bootstrap method This method is suitable for variance estimation of non smooth statistics such as quintiles For more information on standard errors and coefficients of variation refer to the Statistics Canada publication Methodology of the Canadian Labour Force Survey Catalogue no 71 526 X Coefficients of variation are available on request contact Client Services Income Statistics Division 1 888 297 7355 income statcan ca Data Suppression For reliability reasons estimates with CVs greater than 33 are suppressed Since CVs are not calculated for all estimates data suppression for the Survey of Household Spending is based on a relationship between the CV and the number of households reporting expenditure on an item Analysis of past survey results indicates that CVs Statistics Canada 12 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE usually reach 33 when the number of households reporting an item dr
24. and selected metropolitan areas These tables cover the survey years 1997 to 2006 Table 203 0001 presents summary level expenditure data while tables 203 0002 to 203 0018 present detailed expenditures Tables 203 0019 and 203 0020 have household facilities and equipment data Statistics Canada 38 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Custom tabulations For clients with more specialized data needs custom tabulations can be produced on a cost recovery basis Custom tabulations can be produced to your specifications on a contract basis subject to confidentiality restrictions Aggregate data at the detailed expenditure level including both full year and part year households are also available on a custom basis For more information or to enquire about the concepts methods data quality or the product line contact Client Services 1 888 297 7355 or 613 951 7355 income statcan ca Income Statistics Division Statistics Canada 39 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE
25. ated products and services contact Client Services 613 951 7355 1 888 297 7355 fax 613 951 3012 income statcan ca Income Statistics Division Statistics Canada 7 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Survey methodology The survey universe The 2006 Survey of Household Spending was carried out in private households in Canada s 10 provinces The following groups were excluded from the survey those living on Indian reserves and crown lands with the exception of the territories official representatives of foreign countries living in Canada and their families members of religious and other communal colonies members of the Canadian Forces living in military camps and persons living full time in institutions for example inmates of penal institutions and chronic care patients living in hospitals and nursing homes The survey covers about 98 of the population in the 10 provinces Spending data were collected for every household member at the time of the interview including those who joined the household in 2006 or 2007 regardless of whether the previous household existed or the person was living alone Data were not collected for those who left the household in 2006 or 2007 As a result an important difference between the 2006 SHS and previous SHS methodology is the elimination of the distinction between part year and full year members and households Persons temporarily living away from their families for example
26. ated that it had an expense but could not provide the amount these missing responses were imputed using the nearest neighbour method Statistics Canada s Canadian Census Edit and Imputation System CANCEIS were used to insert values from donor records having similar characteristics chosen specifically to fit the variable For example total household income was used for most variables dwelling type household size and province were also frequently used Tabulation of the 2006 Survey of Household Spending results was completed using a PC client server based system This system provides tools database querying searching and viewing capabilities for spotting systematic errors 2 A detailed description of the previous Labour Force Survey sampling frame can be found in Methodology of the Canadian Labour Force Survey Statistics Canada Catalogue no 71 526 X Statistics Canada 9 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Weighting re weighting and Census historical revision of SHS Users should note that the estimates for the SHS reference years 1997 to 2003 have been revised These revisions were published along with the 2005 survey results in December 2006 The estimation of population characteristics from a sample survey is based on the idea that each sampled household represents a certain number of other households in addition to itself These numbers are called the survey weights of the sample To improve the representativity of the sample the
27. by any means electronic mechanical or photocopy or for any purposes without prior written permission of Licensing Services Client Services Division Statistics Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada K1A OT6 February 2008 Catalogue no 62F0026M ISSN 1708 8879 ISBN 978 0 662 48009 9 Frequency Occasional Ottawa Cette publication est disponible en fran ais sur demande n 62F0026M au catalogue Note of appreciation Canada owes the success of its statistical system to a long standing partnership between Statistics Canada the citizens of Canada its businesses governments and other institutions Accurate and timely statistical information could not be produced without their continued cooperation and goodwill Symbols The following standard symbols are used in Statistics Canada publications not available for any reference period not available for a specific reference period not applicable P preliminary revised x suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act use with caution F too unreliable to be published Table of contents DAE TCHR CR TOO og aa ses ease eae ae a a ea a ees a T 6 Survey METHOD OlOG Y isccn2isc sas ceki sted eckesitceteetatectasnnn aniraa iniaatas adnata aaran aaao 8 THE SUNVCY UNIVEDSE r a ase aa aa des e a des ennaleba dined Aaa EE E RA bene 8 Survey content and reference period ssssssseeneresoorrerrrnrrsetrrttrrnnrresrrrttnrnnnreseeen nn eeet 8 TNE S
28. e on food can be estimated as either weekly or monthly expenses depending on the respondent s purchasing habits Third expenses on smaller items purchased at regular intervals are usually estimated on the basis of amount and frequency of purchase Purchases of large items automobiles for example are recalled fairly easily as are expenditures on rent property taxes and monthly payments on mortgages However even with these items the accuracy of data depends on the respondent s ability to remember and willingness to consult records In the years prior to the 2006 SHS survey a data quality control measure called the balance edit check was used This measure identified the records where the expenditure reported was more than 20 different from the sum of income and net change of assets for a household The interviewer or senior interviewer was instructed to attempt to collect additional information to try to balance the expenses with income and changes in assets within 15 Unbalanced questionnaires more than 20 at processing stage were deemed unusable and were not included in estimates In the 2006 SHS with the introduction of computer assisted interviews the balance edit was not used at the collection stage Instead a number of automatic edits flagged entries that seemed unusual or inconsistent However when the balancing was applied at the processing stage the number of unbalanced questionnaires in the 2006 SHS increased significantly
29. eeeeeeeeeeetenee 30 The relationship between expenditure estimates from the SHS and the System of National ACCOUNTS eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesnneeenneeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennneees 32 How to use expenditure data tables s seeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeenenees 34 1 How to calculate the number of households reporting a purchase 34 2 How to calculate the average expenditure per household reporting a p rchase eka i ceo re atte ee a ea eae aa ol col A ah eet 34 3 How to calculate average expenditure per person eect 35 4 How to calculate percentage of total average expenditure per household MUG GT SIAR Goo scaee se stare adres vecn ace E E E ania Ree aera 35 5 How to combine expenditure items into your OWN groupings seeen 35 6 How to combine columns of Gata s cccvsesccesyeccscesees cpecerenepenses ideesecetdece sense dteaeedes 36 7 How to calculate total expenditure on an item for all households or a sub group of householdS cts eines ac cece d cosets sce senda teceedis ceccees sat ceadieecue etic eetdieece 36 8 How to calculate percentage of total expenditure for all households Ma et SNARC exes 296ee here es acter cea mere anced cea ndag ieee manatee 37 Related products and services cccssseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeseneeeneneeeeeeeeeeeseeeenneeeeeeees 38 Introduction This guide presents information of interest to users of data from the 2006 Survey of Hous
30. ehold Spending SHS It includes definitions of survey terms and variables and descriptions of survey methodology data quality and the content of standard data tables There is also a section describing the various statistics that can be created using expenditure data e g budget share market share and aggregate spending The survey interviews were conducted from January until April 2007 Information was gathered about the spending habits dwelling characteristics and household equipment of Canadian households during the reference period The survey covered private households in the 10 provinces In order to reduce response burden for northern households the SHS is conducted in the north only every second year starting with 1999 Users should be aware of a number of changes that were made to SHS collection methods and concepts for the 2006 reference year Data were collected by personal interview using electronic questionnaires on laptop computers computer assisted personal interviews or CAPI instead of the paper questionnaires used in previous years Beginning with the 2006 SHS the reference date for household composition tenure dwelling characteristics and household equipment are as of the time of the interview instead of December 31 of the reference year The distinction between full year and part year members and households has been removed Spending data are collected for the reference year for all members of the household pres
31. ent at the time of the interview Since the release and CANSIM tables until 2005 were based on full year households only in order to maintain comparability data from 2002 2005 have been revised to include both full year and part year households Data for 1997 2001 will be revised at a later date For the 2006 reference year automatic edits built into the electronic questionnaire replaced the balance edit and regional office editing performed in previous years The Survey of Household Spending first conducted for the 1997 reference year includes most of the content from the former Family Expenditure Survey and the Household Facilities and Equipment Survey For more information about the transition from these surveys to the Survey of Household Spending please contact Client Services 1 888 297 7355 or 613 951 7355 income statcan ca Income Statistics Division This guide is intended to accompany the standard data tables The content of these tables is found in the section Products from the Survey of Household Spending Coefficients of variation are available by request contact Client Services Income Statistics Division 1 888 297 7355 income statcan ca Custom tabulations including tabulations of revised data from previous survey years are also available on a cost recovery basis subject to data quality and confidentiality constraints Statistics Canada 6 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE For more information about survey results and rel
32. es based on the total sample that is on households that reported buying an item and those that did not Data on percentage reporting are provided in the tables so that users can derive estimates of both the number of households reporting a purchase and the average expenditure of households that reported buying an item 1 How to calculate the number of households reporting a purchase Refer to the Example data table To estimate the number of households reporting a purchase multiply the estimated number of households at the top of the column by the percentage of households reporting and then divide by 100 For example to find the number of households in the lowest income group that had pet expenditures Estimated of households x Percentage reporting pet expenditures 100 Example 463 590 x 29 4 136 295 100 2 How to calculate the average expenditure per household reporting a purchase Refer to the Example data table To calculate the average expenditure per household reporting the purchase of an item divide the average household expenditure on that item by the corresponding percentage reporting and then multiply by 100 For example to find the average expenditure on pets by households that actually had pet expenses Average household expenditure on pet expenses x 100 Percentage reporting Example 239 x 100 47 6 502 Statistics Canada 34 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE 3 How to calculate a
33. g frame Sample selection comprised two main steps the selection of clusters small geographic areas from the LFS frame and the selection of dwellings within these selected clusters The current LFS sampling frame is based on 2001 Census geography and 2001 Census population counts Data collection The 2006 Survey of Household Spending was conducted from January to April 2007 Data were collected by computer assisted personal interview CAPI using a lap top personal computer A copy of this questionnaire is available on request Data processing and quality control Due to introduction of the new electronic CAPI questionnaire changes were made to the data processing and quality control steps Automatic edits built into the electronic questionnaire replaced the balance edit and regional office edits performed in previous years For the 2006 Survey of Household Spending the interviewers recorded the information provided by the respondents using a laptop and performed the initial editing at the same time For example the range edit provided a minimum and maximum amount for certain purchases and was triggered if the amount entered by the interviewer was unusual Other edits indicated inconsistencies in responses e g if the household tenure was renter but no rent was paid The next stage of editing was done in the head office to verify unusual or high values and inconsistencies and to correct invalid responses If a household indic
34. he community Estimates from the National Accounts include expenditures made in the northern territories SHS estimates include data for the north only for years when the survey is conducted there The SHS has included northern data in its Canada totals for 1997 1998 1999 2001 2003 and 2005 Data on the expenditures of persons living alone who died emigrated or were institutionalized during the survey year are excluded from the SHS but are included in the National Accounts Unlike the SHS the National Accounts include data for Canadian residents based overseas such as diplomats and military personnel The SHS presents information about the purchase of both new and used goods In the National Accounts personal expenditure includes spending on new goods but for used goods previously owned by the personal sector only the mark up is included Several expenditures that are not directly incurred by household members are assigned imputed values in the National Accounts For example National Accounts assigns imputed values for the following the cost of farm products consumed directly in farm households and the cost of items received by employees in lieu of wages An imputation is also made for household expenditure on the financial intermediation services of banks and other financial institutions for which no explicit charges are recorded e g the portion of bank interest charges that represent administration costs In the SHS shelter e
35. icle Health care Includes direct out of pocket costs and expenditures on insurance premiums The distinction between premiums for private health insurance plans and publicly funded provincial plans is not always clear to respondents Interviewers are trained to assist Statistics Canada 22 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE but the variations in coverage and administration among the various provincial health care regimes makes this a difficult task For this reason more confidence can be placed in the overall estimate for Health insurance premiums than in the components Public hospital medical and drug plans and Private health insurance plans Package travel tours This includes at least two components such as transportation and accommodation or accommodation with food and beverages Tobacco and smokers supplies This includes cigarettes tobacco cigars matches pipes lighters ashtrays cigarette papers and tubes etc Alcoholic beverages This includes those purchased from stores and restaurants Also included are expenditures on supplies and fees for self made beer wine or liquor Purchases of alcoholic beverages may be under reported Games of chance net Equal the sum of expenditures on all types of games of chance minus the sum of winnings from all types of games of chance If total winnings are greater than total expenditures the amount to be subtracted from expenditures is set to 1 less than the expenditures and the v
36. into two groups such that the estimated number of households in each group is the same The expenditure reported by the highest ranked case in the first group would be the median Estimates for individual expenditure items in a given column of a table do not add up to the sub totals or totals Households reporting zero expenditures are not included Statistics Canada 31 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE The relationship between expenditure estimates from the SHS and the System of National Accounts Users should note some important differences between estimates of total current consumption from the Survey of Household Spending SHS and personal expenditure on consumer goods and services from the System of National Accounts SNA Data from the SHS are an important but by no means the only source of data used by the SNA in the compilation of their accounts Current expenditure estimates for both the SHS and the SNA cover all personal outlays on goods and services by Canadian residents at home and abroad In addition personal expenditure on consumer goods and services from the SNA includes the operating expenditure of associations of individuals which include private non profit organizations such as charitable institutions labour unions private pension funds mutual funds mutual insurance companies and similar non commercial groups serving households These organizations are regarded as groups of persons acting collectively for the benefit of t
37. ipment for dwelling occupied at the time of the interview This indicates the type of heating equipment chiefly used to heat the dwelling in winter Steam or hot water systems distribute central heating through radiators located throughout the house and connected by pressure pipes Hot air furnaces distribute central heating by a motor driven fan through vents located throughout the dwelling This is the most common central heating system Furnaces with a pump are included in this category Heating stoves are localized heating units with no central distribution system to other parts of the house e g oil space heater gas space heater wood stoves Electric heating includes permanently installed baseboard electric heating and other types such as floor or ceiling heating wires in all or most rooms Statistics Canada 25 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Other heating includes cookstoves and any other type of heating equipment not listed above Age of principal heating equipment installed for dwelling occupied at the time of the interview This indicates how long ago the principal heating equipment was installed Principal heating fuel for dwelling occupied at the time of the interview Refers to the winter fuel used in the principal heating equipment e g oil or other liquid fuel natural gas propane electricity wood or other fuels Principal heating fuel for hot water for dwelling occupied at the time of the i
38. mpensate for non responding households For the 2006 Survey of Household Spending the overall response rate of usable questionnaires was 71 6 See Table 1 for provincial response rates In most cases partial non response occurs when the respondent does not understand or misinterprets a question refuses to answer a question or is unable to recall the requested information Imputing missing values compensates for this partial non response The importance of the non response error is unknown but in general this error is significant when a group of people with particular characteristics in common refuse to cooperate and where those characteristics are important determinants of survey results Table 1 Response rates Canada and provinces 2006 Eligible Non Refusals Usables Balanced Rpepolise households contacts rate number Newfoundland and Labrador 1 753 105 293 1 331 925 75 9 Prince Edward Island 873 44 185 617 424 70 7 Nova Scotia 2 013 167 401 1 412 959 70 1 New Brunswick 1 774 124 295 1 313 898 74 0 Quebec 2 648 190 542 1 883 1 418 71 1 Ontario 3 097 209 654 2 156 1 521 69 6 Manitoba 1 957 91 358 1 472 1 236 75 2 Saskatchewan 1 898 84 357 1 430 987 75 3 Alberta 2 011 137 460 1 380 879 68 6 British Columbia 2 412 174 528 1 641 1 088 68 0 Canada 20 436 1 325 4 073 14 635 10 335 71 6 1 There is no longer a distinction between part year and full year households 2 expenditures income plus net change in assets 20
39. nterview Indicates the type of fuel used for the running hot water supply e g oil or other liquid fuel natural gas propane electricity or other fuels such as wood Principal cooking fuel for dwelling occupied at the time of the interview Indicates the main fuel for the range or stove on which the household does most of the cooking e g natural gas propane electricity or other cooking fuels Other includes oil or other liquid fuel and wood Household equipment In general appliances and equipment are included if they are in working order or will soon be repaired and are located within the dwelling occupied at the time of the interview They must be owned or leased for the exclusive use of the household Washing machine Washing machines located outside the dwelling and shared with other households are excluded Clothes dryer Dryers may be electric or gas Clothes dryers located outside the dwelling and shared with other households are excluded Dishwasher Dishwashers may be built in or portable Freezer A freezer is an individual piece of equipment and not part of a refrigeration unit such as the freezer in a refrigerator Air conditioner A central air conditioner is designed to cool the air in the entire building and may be located either inside or outside the dwelling unit for example in the basement of an apartment block A window type air conditioner is installed in a window or through a wall to cool the ai
40. on can be either male or female When all members of the household share equally any member may be shown as the reference person This person must be a member of the household at the time of the interview Reimbursed expenditures These are excluded from the tabulations e g work related expenses or expenditures covered by insurance Expenses attributable to a business These are excluded from the tabulations Negative expenditures Certain values Separate sale of automobiles and trucks winnings from games of chance and tax refunds are presented in the data tables as negative expenditures since they represent a flow of money into the household instead of out of it Statistics Canada 18 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Expenditures collected With some minor exceptions the survey includes spending on all goods and services received in 2006 whether paid for before or after 2006 such as on an instalment plan Taxes included All expenditures include the Goods and Services Tax provincial retail sales taxes tips customs duties and any other additional charges or taxes Gifts Any expenditure may include gifts given to persons outside the household Only the value of gifts of clothing is reported separately as well as being included in the summary clothing category See also the definition of Gifts of money and contributions Insurance settlements Where an insurance settlement was used to repair or replace property the
41. on information obtained from only a sample of the population The sample design the variability of the data and the sample size determine the size of the sampling error In addition for a given sample design different methods of estimation will result in different sampling errors The design for the 2006 Survey of Household Spending was a stratified multi stage sampling scheme The sampling errors for multi stage sampling are usually higher than for a simple random sample of the same size However the operational advantages outweigh this disadvantage and the fact that the sample is also stratified improves the precision of estimates Data variability is the difference between members of the population with respect to spending on a specific item or the presence of a specific dwelling characteristic or piece of household equipment In general the greater these differences are the larger the sampling error will be In addition the larger the sample size the smaller the sampling error Standard error and coefficient of variation A common measure of sampling error is the standard error SE Standard error is the degree of variation in the estimates as a result of selecting one particular sample rather than another of the same size and design It has been shown that the true value of the characteristic of interest lies within a range of 1 standard error of the estimate for 68 of all samples and 2 standard errors for 95 of all s
42. ops to about 30 Therefore data are suppressed for spending on items reported by fewer than 30 households However data for suppressed items do contribute to summary level variables For example the expenditure for a particular category of clothing might be suppressed but this amount forms part of the total estimate for clothing expenditure Approximation of coefficient of variation It is possible to approximate the CV of estimates not represented in the appendices using a relationship between the CV and the number of households that reported spending on an item or having a given dwelling characteristic Previous studies have shown that the CV of the estimate of an item tends to decrease in proportion to the square root of the number of households having a given dwelling characteristic As an example according to Appendix B the estimated CV for the average household expenditure on rented living quarters for all households in Ontario is 4 12 To estimate the CV for the average household expenditure on rented living quarters in Toronto use the following equation Note that this method provides only an approximation of the CV CV for average expenditures on rented living quarters by households in Toronto of hhids reporting in Ontario CV for all hhids x of hhids reporting in Toronto 4 12 x 768 358 4 12 x 1 46 6 02 where of hhlds reporting expenditure on rented living quarters in Ontario Ontario sample x pe
43. ouseholds in a column including households that reported a zero value Percentage reporting The percentage of households that reported purchasing an item These percentages cannot be added together to form sub totals Average expenditure per household reporting This is calculated for those households that reported the expenditure i e without zero values Average expenditure per household reporting was calculated using unrounded data Note also that expenditures in this column do not add to sub totals Percentage of total expenditure This is calculated by expressing the average expenditure per household as a percentage of total expenditure This statistic is also known as budget share Statistics Canada 30 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Median expenditure per household Expenditure groupings are obtained by ranking households in ascending order of the expenditure on a given item and partitioning the households into two groups such that the estimated number of households in each group is the same The expenditure reported by the highest ranked case in the first group would be the median Estimates for individual expenditure items in a given column of a table do not add up to the sub totals or totals Households reporting zero expenditures are included Median expenditure per household reporting Expenditure groupings are obtained by ranking households in ascending order of the expenditure on a given item and partitioning the households
44. partially for private use excluding those leased Owned automobiles Gives the number of automobiles owned by members of the household on December 31 completely or partially for private use excluding those leased Owned vans or trucks Gives the number of vans minivans trucks and sport utility vehicles owned by members of the household on December 31 completely or partially for private use excluding those leased Classification categories for standard tables Canada In 1998 1999 and every second year thereafter starting with 2001 statistics for Canada include the territories For the other years Canada level statistics include the 10 provinces only Statistics Canada 27 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Province territory Refers to the major political divisions of Canada Data for territories are available for 1997 coverage insufficient for inclusion in Canada level statistics 1998 1999 and every second year thereafter starting with 2001 Metropolitan areas The overall concept for delineating metropolitan areas is one of a large urban area together with adjacent urban and rural areas that have a high degree of social and economic integration with this urban area See the 2001 Census Dictionary p 208 Catalogue no 92 378 X For the Survey of Household Spending data are tabulated based on the 2001 census metropolitan area CMA boundaries In the Survey of Household Spending only data for the Ontario part of the Ottawa
45. r dwellings include mobile homes motor homes tents railroad cars or houseboats which are used as permanent residences and are capable of being moved on short notice Repairs needed This variable indicates the respondent s perception of the repairs the dwelling needed at the time of the interview to restore it to its original condition Remodelling additions conversions or energy improvements that would upgrade the dwelling over and above its original condition are not included Major repairs include serious deficiencies in the structural condition of the dwelling as well as the plumbing electrical and heating systems Examples include corroded pipes damaged electrical wiring sagging floors bulging walls damp walls and ceilings and crumbling foundation Minor repairs include deficiencies in the surface or covering materials of the dwelling and less serious deficiencies in the plumbing electrical and heating systems Examples include small cracks in interior walls and ceilings broken light fixtures and switches cracked or broken panes leaking sinks missing shingles or siding and peeling paint Regular maintenance includes painting fixing leaking faucets clogged gutters or eavestroughs etc Statistics Canada 24 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Tenure This variable gives the housing status of the household at the time of the interview Note that housing tenure for expenditures refers to the entire reference year
46. r in a room Statistics Canada 26 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Telephone includes business use Telephones used for business are included if the business is conducted in the dwelling Cordless phones are included Cellular telephones are excluded Cellular telephone Handheld text messaging devices with cell phone capability are included Cordless phones are excluded Compact disc player A compact disc player may be a separate unit part of a component or built in as ina receiver cassette recorder compact disc combination unit Video cassette recorder Video cassette recorders VCRs are units which play videocassettes when attached to a television or monitor Home computer Computers used exclusively for business purposes are not included Internet use from home This indicates whether the household accesses the Internet via a computer in the house It includes cases where a home computer is used to link to a business computer located outside the dwelling for access to the Internet Excluded are cases where the Internet is accessed directly through a computer located outside the dwelling e g work Type of Internet connection Other type of connection includes telephone line connected to a television and wireless e g cellular telephone personal digital appliance Owned vehicles Gives the number of vehicles car van mini van truck sport utility vehicle owned by members of the household on December 31 completely or
47. rcentage reporting 100 2 156 x 35 6 100 768 and where of hhids reporting expenditure on rented living quarters in Toronto Toronto sample x percentage reporting Toronto 100 902 x 39 7 100 358 Note Where it is necessary to calculate a CV for a sub population at the Canada level e g lone parent households the CV for Canada should be used Statistics Canada 13 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Non sampling error Non sampling errors occur because certain factors make it difficult to obtain accurate responses or responses that retain their accuracy throughout processing Unlike sampling error non sampling error is not readily quantified Four sources of non sampling error can be identified coverage error response error non response error and processing error Coverage error Coverage error results from inadequate representation of the intended population This error may occur during sample design or selection or during data collection and processing Response error Response error may be due to many factors including faulty design of the questionnaire interviewers or respondents misinterpretation of questions or respondents faulty reporting Several features of the survey help respondents recall their expenditures as accurately as possible First the survey period is the calendar year because it is probably more clearly defined in people s minds than any other period of similar length Second expenditur
48. see Note to Former Users of Data from the Family Expenditure Survey Catalogue no 62FO026M available free on the Statistics Canada website www statcan ca Percentage homeowners at the time of the interview The percentage of households living in a dwelling owned with or without a mortgage by a member of the household at the time of the interview Average age of reference person Acts as a general age indicator for the household and uses the reference year minus the reference person s year of birth Prior to 1996 in the Family Expenditure Survey the age of the husband was used for couple households and the age of the reference person for all other households See Reference person under General Concepts Statistics Canada 20 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Selected household expenditures Presented in the same order as they appear on the data tables All expenditures are total expenses for the reference year Total expenditure Includes Total current consumption Personal taxes Personal insurance payments and pension contributions and Gifts of money and contributions Caution should be used when comparing total expenditure to total expenditure from 1996 and earlier See Note to Former Users of Data from the Family Expenditure Survey Catalogue no 62F0026M available free on the Statistics Canada website www statcan ca Total current consumption Shows the expenses incurred during the reference year for food shelter household
49. seholds where a dwelling is occupied by only one person Couple households are households where the married or common law spouse of the reference person was a member of the household on December 31 This household type may be further broken down into couple households without children without additional persons with children without additional persons and with additional persons Children are never married sons daughters or foster children of the reference person and may be any age Additional persons include sons daughters and foster children whose marital status is other than single never married other relatives by birth or marriage and unrelated persons Lone parent households are households where no spouse of the reference person is present and there is at least one child never married son daughter or foster child of the reference person The lone parent households for which data are presented in this publication do not include any additional persons Other households may be broken down into households composed of relatives only and households having at least one household member who is unrelated to the reference person e g lodger roommate employee Relatives may include sons daughters and foster children of the reference person whose marital status is other than single never married e relatives of the reference person by birth or marriage not spouse son daughter or foster child e spouse
50. survey includes only the deductible amount paid for an item Trade ins Where a trade in is used to lower the price of an item most commonly a vehicle the expenditure amount is the total cost after the trade in Real estate transactions are excepted Household characteristics Presented in the same order as they appear on the data tables Number of households in sample refers to the number of households used for data estimation which includes the number of households sampled minus vacant dwellings ineligible households households that interviewers were unable to contact households that refused to be interviewed and households whose questionnaires did not pass editing procedures Caution should be exercised when making year to year comparisons since changes may not be statistically significant In order to determine whether a change is statistically significant please refer to the section Data quality in the User Guide where information about sampling error as well as coefficients of variation and how to use them is available Special caution is necessary when using estimates from small sub groups such as certain metropolitan areas where the sample size is less than 200 Estimated number of households The estimated weighted number of private households on December 31 of the reference year See Household under General concepts Statistics Canada 19 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Average household size This is the aver
51. t do not add the percentage reporting values for different items For example to find the average expenditure per household in the lowest income group on food shelter and clothing Statistics Canada 35 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Average expenditure on food clothing shelter lowest income group Example 2 474 427 4 426 7 327 6 How to combine columns of data Refer to the Example data table Columns are combined by using the estimated number of households at the top of each column to calculate the weighted average of the values in the columns To calculate the average expenditure across several columns multiply the estimated number of households by the average expenditure for an item for each of the columns being combined Sum the results Then divide this total by the sum of the estimated number of households For example to find the average expenditure on food for households in the lowest three income groups Estimated of households in lowest income group x average expenditure on food Estimated of households in next income group x average expenditure on food Estimated of households in next income group x average expenditure on food Estimated of households in lowest income group Estimated of households in next income group Estimated of households in next income group Example 463 590 x 2 474 882 370 x 2 881 797 740 x 3 518 3 030 463 590 882 370 797 740
52. tics Canada 16 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE difficult to quantify However in 2002 when the extra questions were removed the estimate for Personal care spending decreased again For 2006 the extra questions of 2005 were retained The section of the questionnaire which covers Repairs and improvements of owned principal residences was extensively revised in 2004 From 1997 to 2003 this section had three broad questions Additions renovations and other alterations Replacement or new installation of built in equipment appliances and fixtures and Repairs and maintenance Starting with the 2004 Survey of Household Spending there were fourteen detailed questions and two columns giving respondents the opportunity to split the costs for each question between Repairs and maintenance and Improvements and alterations Beginning with the 2006 SHS computer assisted personal interviews CAPI replaced the previous paper questionnaire The household members dwelling characteristics and household facilities and equipment are all as of the time of the interview instead of as of December 31 as in previous years Household spending were collected for the reference year for all members of the household as of the time of the interview eliminating the distinction between part year and full year members and households For the 2006 SHS the data includes both balanced and unbalanced questionnaires The use of the balance edit
53. to the amount billed excluding any rebates Special service charges e g garbage sewage local improvements and water charges are included if these are part of the property tax bill Property taxes that are included in condominium charges are excluded Electricity Respondents sometimes report household electricity payments together with their water and sewage payments This affects estimates of average household expenditure and percentage reporting for Electricity and Water and sewage The summary category Water fuel and electricity is unaffected Traveller accommodation Excludes accommodation that was part of a travel tour which is included in Package travel tours Household appliances Refers to the net purchase price after deducting trade in allowance and any discount This variable excludes appliances included in the purchase of a home and built in appliances Expenditures for the purchase and installation of built in household equipment appliances and fixtures e g built in appliances and wall to wall carpeting are included with home improvements and alterations Purchase of automobiles and trucks Refers to the net purchase price including extra equipment accessories and warranties bought when the vehicle was purchased after deducting any trade in allowance or separate sales Separate sales occur when a vehicle is sold independently by the owner e g not traded in when purchasing or leasing another veh
54. verage expenditure per person Refer to the Example data table To calculate the average expenditure per person on an item divide the average expenditure per household for that item by the household size found near the top of the column For example to find the average expenditure per person for food by those households in the lowest income group Average expenditure per household for food Household size Example 2 474 1 29 1 918 When comparing estimates of per person expenditure note that family composition number of children and adults is also a factor in many expenditure patterns 4 How to calculate percentage of total average expenditure per household budget share Refer to the Example data table To calculate the percentage of total average household expenditure represented by an item budget share divide the average expenditure per household for an item by total expenditure for all items and multiply by 100 For example to find the percentage of total expenditures represented by food purchases for households in the lowest income group Average expenditure per household for food x 100 Total average expenditure per household Example 2 474 x 100 12 311 20 1 5 How to combine expenditure items into your own groupings Refer to the Example data table The average expenditure per household for different items in a column can be added together to make new subtotals Bu
55. xpenditures for homeowners include items such as property taxes homeowners insurance regular mortgage payments utilities and spending on maintenance and repairs In the National Accounts personal spending on shelter for homeowners is determined by imputing a rental value for their dwellings Statistics Canada 32 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE Total current consumption in the SHS and total personal expenditure in the National Accounts cover mainly the same categories of goods and services However total current consumption in the SHS includes some items that are classified as transfer payments and excluded from total personal expenditure in the National Accounts such as vehicle licence fees public medical insurance premiums and the transfer portion of interest on consumer debt The SHS is able to provide detailed annual expenditure data not only at the national and provincial territorial level but also for various metropolitan areas income groups and types of households The SNA provides annual and quarterly data at the national level and annual data at the provincial territorial level Statistics Canada 33 Catalogue no 62FO026MIE How to use expenditure data tables This section explains the calculations used most frequently to manipulate expenditure data from the Survey of Household Spending Users are strongly advised to refer to this section before doing their own data analysis Expenditure data given in the tables are estimat
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