WD-PIC User's Manual
Contents
1. There is no need to move the mouse to the canvas or the EW except to explicitly and directly identify a point or an object therefore the mouse movement is minimized The internal representation should be as much as possible what a human would write in the pic language to achieve the picture shown on the canvas When inputting text that is expected and that has a definite end there is no need to move the mouse to a text window and to confirm at the end 2 6 First Sample Redone As mentioned in Section 1 2 there are always alternative ways to draw the same picture Besides using the palette as described in Section 1 2 you can also type the whole IR given in Figure 2 into the EW or with an external editor The following sequenced steps illustrate another way to draw Figure 1 strictly from the keyboard D 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Typee Il i p s e The ellipse token is added to the IR at the CIP After you enter a blank an ellipse with default size is added at the CIP on the canvas Type to start inputting text or you can LMC the button on the palette In either case is added to the IR at the CIP Typedocument document is added to the IR at the CIP End the text input by typing from the keyboard After is added to the IR the ellipse object is redrawn with text document in its center on the canvas Press the Enter key to finish inputting the ellipse object A new line is started in the IR Type arr O W2. Figure 22 Preferences Dialog 4 2 Affecting the IR 4 2 1 Changing values of variables The pic program has 20 variables e g boxwid boxht There are two ways to change any of these values With the palette 1 LMC the Variable button on the palette A Variable Assignment dialog as illustrated in Figure 23 shows up 2 Choose the variable var that you want to change from the field s pop up list var s value at the CIP and the default value show up 3 Type a valid pic expression expr into the New Value field 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard type assignment for the variable var that you want to change e g var expr 25 w Variable Assignment X Variable name bowwid Default value 0 75 Value at CIP 1 New value OK Cancel Figure 23 Variable Assignment Dialog Assignment statement for the changed variable e g var expr is added to the IR at the CIP The canvas is redrawn according to the current complete IR 4 2 2 Changing attributes of an existing object You can change the attributes of an existing object with the palette during insertion as described in Section 3 2 2 or you can change the attributes later in any of the following ways Direct manipulation With the palette 1 2 3 Select the object as described in Section 3 1 3 The attributes of the selected object show up in the attributes area on the palette Make the changes LMC anywhere outside of the modific
3. text can be either an attribute of any pic primitive except move or a standalone object Each line of text is a separate quoted string Adding text as an attribute is the same as adjusting other attributes Assume that you have just inserted an object such as a box into the IR at the CIP With the palette 1 LMC the button is added to the IR 2 Type the text that you want to attach to the object and end by typing The typed text followed by is added to the IR at the CIP as you type With the keyboard 1 Type is added to the IR 2 Type the text you want to attach to the object and end by typing The typed text followed by is added to the IR at the CIP as you type A way to get multiple text items associated with an object each in a separate line centered inside the object is to repeat Steps 1 through 2 for each text item Adding text as a standalone object is the same as adding text as an attribute except that the quoted text is not following any other object 4 Advanced Features 4 1 Affecting the session 4 1 1 Setting font and size of text If you want to change the font format of some text even as small as one character LMC one end of the text Then drag the mouse to highlight the text that you want to change Choose Tools gt Font from the menu bar A Font dialog as illustrated in Figure 21 shows up In a standard way select your preferred font format including style and size Then LMC the OK b
4. arrow is added to the IR at the CIP After the Enter key is pressed an arrow with default size is added at the CIP on the canvas Typebox WD pic box WD pic is added to the IR at the CIP After the Enter key is pressed a box with WD pic at the center is added at the CIP on the canvas Type arr O W arrow is added to the IR at the CIP After the Enter key is pressed an arrow with default size is added at the CIP on the canvas Typebox troff box troff is added to the IR at the CIP After the Enter key is pressed a box with troff at the center is added at the CIP on the canvas 10 Type a r r o w arrow is added to the IR at the CIP After the Enter key is pressed an arrow with default size is added at the CIP on the canvas 11 Typeellipse typesetter ellipse typesetter is added to the IR at the CIP After the Enter key is pressed an ellipse with typesetter at the center is added at the CIP on the canvas 10 If you hear an alert sound you have made a syntax error Check your input in the EW and correct it At this point you should see the picture of Figure I drawn on the canvas while the pic code of Figure 2 is in the EW as illustrated in Figure 4 In the following sections you will learn how to change the attributes of the objects and how to draw an object at a desired position 2 7 Using grid amp gravity There are cases in which a specific position is requested for instance after havin
5. field Then LMC the OK button Pm Labet Enter label Figure 19 Label Dialog Grid point If the indicated point is a grid point a symbolic expression for the indicated point as specified below is added to the IR at the CIP center n deltax m deltay where Inl is one less than the number of horizontal lines from the origin to the indicated point inclusive and n Inl if the indicated point is to the left of center Iml is one less than the number of vertical lines from the origin to the indicated point inclusive and m Iml if the indicated point is below center center deltax and deltay are the values of center X y of the current activated grid respectively For example assume the current activated grid is defined as center Boxl ne X boxwid Y boxht The symbolic expression of the point marked SF in Figure 20 is Boxl ne 2 boxwid boxht This expression is added to the IR at the CIP 47 eee Boxl center 2y Figure 20 Indicate points with grid amp gravity Arbitrary other x y point If the LMCed point is not any corner or grid point the coordinates of the point are added to the IR at the CIP When gravity is off the exact point the mouse is at is taken as the indicated point 22 Textually Type position where positionis an expression for the position of the desired point position is added to the IR at the CIP 3 2 4 Adding text In pic
6. the canvas and LMC the grid point just northeast of the box s northeast corner in Figure 11 12 Box1 c boxwid boxht is added to the IR after the at at the CIP The whole picture is redrawn with the second box at the expected position as shown in Figure 12 f Figure 11 A sample of using grid amp gravity II Figure 12 A sample of using grid amp gravity III Grid and gravity are independent session concepts They are used to help you work with the objects on the canvas by direct manipulation Thus the grid appears on the canvas but not in the IR Details of grid and gravity setting are given in Sections 3 1 4 and 3 1 6 13 2 8 Organization of this manual The rest of the manual is organized mainly based on use cases Section 3 describes the basic use cases affecting both the session and the IR Section 4 describes the advanced features of the program What to do if you have trouble and tips on how to use the program better are given in Section 5 Section 6 gives the limitations of the current version of WD pic 3 Basic Use Cases A use case is classified according to its effect whether the effect is on the session or on the IR All the manipulations in a use case are based on the assumption that the program is running unless otherwise specified There are some basic dialog manipulations that happen in many use cases 3 1 The Cancel button and the OK button are used almost in every dialog LMCin
7. the current file name Finally the current complete IR is saved in the file named by the current file name 3 1 2 Using external editor on the IR Besides using the EW to review and edit the IR you can also specify any external text editor that is accessible from your system to work on the IR The following steps show you how to set and work with such an external editor 1 Setthe external editor Two ways to do that are setenv EDITOR editomame or set EDITOR editomame where editomame is the name of the editor that you prefer to use mm Set External Editor EG Enter editor name E Figure 15 Set External Editor Dialog Before start WD pic run the following command or whatever command your host system uses to set shell variables If you start WD pic without having run the above command choose Tool gt Set External Editor from the menu bar A Set External Editor dialog as illustrated in Figure 15 pops up Enter the name of your preferred text editor Then LMC the OK button 16 2 Run the external editor With the menu bar choose Editor gt Run External Editor from the menu bar With the shortcut key type Ctrl R gt The external editor launches The current complete IR is copied as the file to be edited by the external editor 3 Edit the to be edited file as you wish 4 Save and quit the external editor causing the last version of the to be edited file to be taken as the IR The saved IR is
8. where the cursors are in the EW and on the canvas There are two ways to change the CIP 19 Direct manipulation With the pop up menu 1 Point the mouse at the object whose definition in the IR is desired to position the CIP 2 RMC the object choose Set CIP from the pop up menu With the menu bar 1 Select the object by LMCing it 2 Choose Edit Set CIP from the menu bar The cursor in the EW is moved to the new insertion point The cursor on the canvas is moved too In the EW Move the cursor to the pic token after which you want the CIP to be positioned The cursor on the canvas is moved too 3 2 Affecting the IR 3 2 1 Inserting an object There are two ways to insert an object at the CIP With the palette LMC the desired pic token on the palette With the keyboard type the related pic primitive and signal the end of the object either by typing a token or by pressing the Enter key For example if you want to draw a box you can either LMC the box button on the palette or type b O X and press the Enter key from the keyboard The pic code box is added to the IR at the CIP The canvas is redrawn according to the complete IR The result is that a box of default size is drawn after the previous CIP and the CIP follows the just added box 3 2 Adjusting attributes during insertion There are several ways to change the attributes of an object during insertion Assume a primitive has just been inserted i
9. 6 Figure 24 Box Attributes Dialog sess ettet nente netten nter ens 27 Figure 25 Constructs Dialog Loop treten tentent tenerent tentent 28 Figure 26 Constructs Dialog Conditional seen teretes 29 Figure 27 Constructs Dialog Block teet treten tette tenentes 30 Figure 28 Macros Dialog Define sess tenete tette tenentes 30 Figure 29 Macros Dialog Undefine sese ntn nente tnter 31 Figure 30 File Copy Dialog Copy ttes 32 Figure 31 File Copy Dialog Copy Through sse tentent tenens 32 Figure 32 File Copy Dialog A 33 1 Introduction 1 1 Product overview pic is a troff preprocessor for drawing pictures that are included in troff documents 1 WD pic as the name suggests is a WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get Direct manipulation pic a picture drawing program with the interchangeabilty of batch and WYSIWYG It is built on top of the pic program using the pic language as its internal picture representation Therefore it is an enhancement of the pic program It has been observed that the pic language is well suited for drawing computer science technical document illustrations such as flow charts and state diagrams Thus WD pic is intended mainly for these kinds of diagrams too Figure 1 shows a flow diagram generated from the pic code shown in Figure 2 C er I en Figure 1 A flow diagram ell
10. Enter file name sample OK Update Cancel Figure 13 Open Dialog The indicated file name is established as the current file name The content of the named file is established as the IR and shows up in the EW Finally the picture corresponding to the complete IR is drawn on the canvas If the IR is not correct pic code you get a warning message Sa ve save the current complete IR With the menu bar select File gt Save from the menu bar With the shortcut key type Ctrl S gt With the tool bar LMC the Save button in the tool bar Normally Sa ve is done when a file name is established If there is no current file name established a Save As dialog as illustrated in Figure 14 shows up In any of the standard ways indicate a file name Then LMC the OK button The file name is taken as the current file name In any case the current complete IR is saved in the file named by the current file name Save as establish a new current file name and save the current complete IR in the named file With the menu bar select File gt Save As from the menu bar A Save As dialog as shown in Figure 14 pops up In any of the standard ways indicate a file name Then LMC the OK button 15 Enter path or folder name u2 120u A Y Filter Files AdobeFnt Ist OBJ Ist Folders sample Enter file name OK Update Cancel Figure 14 Save As Dialog The indicated file name is taken as
11. WD PIC User s Manual 03 28 2002 Table of Contents E A O 5 1 1 AN A TN 5 12 First Sample RU a DA A e er nh REI ERR BER RENE a eee 5 2 A PE RE XEOEDA RARE DAIEe Ud A I2 eisini noiesa DEAD RPM EE adig 7 2 1 Us r assumption erosiva er toe iere ci 7 2 2 Notational cony ntions eet tree re enr RII P TERRE tH eR enero eres 7 2 3 MET Tp 8 ZA VOCALEM e 9 2 5 Basic user interlace goals orrie e e bee petere eben tad teneo eque ge aenea a 10 2 0 First Sample R done oot eee edet ese tt eed er DERE Pega loss 10 2 L Using gid K gravity iiiter teet let nte Ea ap tr ete e aet ee be ERE kreve dad 11 2 8 Organization of this manual tese tag tas Er ee RR Rs cass Ee RE kane 14 3 Base Use Cases cui qo Oe O 14 3 1 Affecting THE SESSION iere ee docete dtt rtren ett de ride prie op sobtnassiugubyed eaves cunbebesysduey tes 14 3 1 1 Basic file manipulations roter e etr re VO asa e e eee ode open eus 14 3 12 Using external editor on the IR ssena noetan nianag ksta si eene 16 3 1 3 Selecting am Objects e 17 3 1 4 Defining grid cette Re E EE E xs EO oso t basse o 17 3 1 5 Activating STIG ai edet eese e etre ee ro tit Feet e e e dees shelved 18 3 1 6 SETS OTAVILY D 19 3 1 7 Setting the current insertion point oocconnccnnncnnncnnnncnnnncnnnancnnanann noc n nono nnnnnnnnnnnnns 19 32 AA NN 20 3 2 1 Inse rting an obJectaoz oo seanser 20 322 Adjusting attributes during insertion errenrrnnnnnn
12. an W Kernighan PIC A Graphics Languages for Typesetting Bell Laboratories Computer Science Technical Report No 116 December 1984 34 8 Appendix Shortcut keys File25 New Ctrl N gt File gt Open Ctrl O gt File gt Save Ctrl S File Exit Ctrl Q gt Edito Copy Ctrl C gt EditoPaste Ctrl V gt Edit 5 Cut Ctrl X gt Edit gt Undo Ctrl Z gt Edit gt Redo lt Ctrl Y gt Edit gt Set CIP Ctrl I gt Edit Run External Editor Ctrl R gt Help F1 Tool bar o New gt Open m Save Copy Paste Cut e Undo des Redo Grid Help 35
13. as IR the text file containing the pic code corresponding to the picture drawn on the canvas session an invocation of WD pic edit window abbreviate as EW the window used to view and edit the IR external editor your preferred text editor not part of WD pic indicated to your operating system by setting a shell variable e g setenv EDITOR vi canvas used for displaying the picture corresponding to the IR palette used for causing input to the IR made up of the box circle ellipse line arrow spline arc if for copy Macro Label and Defaults buttons and an attribute area whose content changes to provide the attributes for the object that was most recently selected menu bar used for operating and adjusting current session made up of the File Edit Tools and Help menus menu item a unit of a menu 2 4 tool bar shortcuts to some menu items initially made up of the New Open Save Copy Paste Undo Redo Grid and Help buttons screen layout made up of a menu bar a tool bar a palette a canvas and an EW as shown in Figure 3 left mouse click abbreviate as LMC a left mouse click right mouse click abbreviate as RMC a right mouse click double click two LMCs not more than 1 second apart current insertion point abbreviate as CIP the point in the IR in which the next object will be inserted indicated by the cursor on the canvas and t
14. ation fields The modifications are saved into the IR With the pop up menu 1 2 3 4 RMC the object Choose Change Attribute from the pop up menu An Object Attributes dialog shows up based on what kind of object is selected Figure 24 illustrates a Box Attributes dialog Make the changes LMC the OK button The modifications are saved into the IR 26 x wid n 75 ht 0 5 at filed invisible line sold y tes iust y Default OK Cancel Figure 24 Box Attributes Dialog With the keyboard Find the object in the EW whose attributes you want to change Add or change the values of attributes In any case the picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR 4 2 3 Constructs 4 2 3 4 Loops With the palette 1 LMC the Constructs button on the palette A Constructs dialog as illustrated in Figure 25 shows up 2 If the Loop tab is not in front of the other tabs LMC the Loop tab 3 Fill in the parts of the or statement The parts are for to by and do 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard Typef o r expr to expr2_ by _ expr3 _d o _ anything at the CIP In any case The for expri to expr2 by expr3 do anything statement is added to the IR at the CIP The picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR 27 Constructs Dialog Figure 25 Constructs Dialog Loop 4 2 3 2 Conditionals With the palette 1 LMC the Constructs button on th
15. bles of command syntax Century Gothic Bold is used for constants of command syntax lt A B gt is used to specify the simultaneous combination of key A and key B MenuA MenultemB is used to specify the menu item MenultemB in the menu MenuA 2 3 Terms Following terms are used through out the manual WD pic the name of the program user the person who uses WD pic addressed by you pic primitive abbreviate as primitive defined by the pic grammar e g box line arrow circle ellipse arc spline and move attribute used to give more information about a primitive consisting of a keyword perhaps followed by a value e g h eigh t expr wid th expr rad ius expr diam eter expr up opt expr down opt expr right opt expr left opt expr from position to position at position with corner by expr then dotted opt expr dashed opt expr chop opt expr gt lt lt gt invis solid fill opt expr same text list expr In these attributes the parenthesized text describes an optional full spelling of the containing token pic object abbreviate as object a pic primitive together with its attributes pic token abbreviate as token a smallest semantically meaningful syntactic unit in the pic language e g box line arrow circle ellipse arc spline move up down left right and variable identifiers internal representation abbreviate
16. copied into the EW The picture corresponding to the complete IR is drawn on the canvas Note that any time you need to modify the IR you can do it either by direct manipulation editing of the EW or by use of an external editor 3 1 3 Selecting an object During insertion the most recently inserted object is selected by default If you want to select an existing object there are two ways LMC the object on the canvas that you want to select RMC the object and choose Select Object from the pop up menu The indicated object is highlighted on the canvas as illustrated in Figure 16 The related primitive of the object in the IR is highlighted also in the EW MAS MEE Figure 16 Sample of Selected Object 3 1 4 Defining grid In WD pic a picture could have several grids with different settings Each grid is saved with a unique name given by you or the program by default To define anew gird choose Tools Define Grid from the menu bar A Grid Definition dialog as illustrated in Figure 7 shows up initialized to the default values 17 is Grid Definition x Name NewGrid v Center fro 0 v x movewid y DU movent y Default Save Activate Now Cancel Figure 7 Grid Definition Dialog The default values for the fields are Name NewGrid Center 0 0 X movewid y moveht If you don t like the name NewGr id for the new grid input a new grid name n of your choice by typing into the Na
17. e palette A Constructs dialog as illustrated in Figure 25 shows up 2 If the Conditional tab is not in front of the other tabs LMC the Conditional tab An empty if statement shows up as illustrated in Figure 26 3 Fill in the parts of the i f statement The parts are if then and else 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard Type i f expression then _ anything else _ anything2 at the CIP In any case The if expression then anythingl else anything2 statement is added to the IR at the CIP The picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR 28 Constructs Dialog Figure 26 Constructs Dialog Conditional 4 2 3 3 Blocks With the palette 1 LMC the Constructs button on the palette A Constructs dialog as illustrated in Figure 25 shows up 2 If the Block tab is not in front of the other tabs LMC the Block tab An empty block statement shows up as illustrated in Figure 27 3 Fill in the parts of the block statement The parts are block name and body 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard Type blockname anything y at the CIP In any case the blockname anything statement is added to the IR at the CIP The picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR 29 Figure 27 Constructs Dialog Block 4 2 4 Macros 4 2 4 1 Define With the palette 1 LMC the Macro button on the palette A Macros dialog as illustrated in Figure 28 shows up Macros Dialo
18. e s h _ anything at the CIP In any case the sh anything is added to the IR at the CIP The picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR File Copy Dialog X sh Copy Copy Through mf o Reset OK Cancel Figure 32 File Copy Dialog sh 4 2 6 Labelling With the palette 1 LMC the Label button on the palette 2 Type the name of the label beginning with an uppercase letter 3 Type to signal the end of label name With the keyboard 33 1 Find the object in the IR to which you want to add a label 2 Type the name of the label beginning with an uppercase letter 3 Type to signal the end of the label name In either case the label is added to the selected object in the IR 5 Limitations The sizes and positions of objects cannot be changed by direct mouse manipulations The clipboard only works with the EW Copying pasting cutting objects cannot be done on the canvas by direct mouse manipulations Picture cannot be printed directly from WD pic You have to feed the saved pic file to pic or to another program that is capable of dealing with pic input 6 Trouble Shooting amp Tips 6 1 Trouble shooting LMC the Help button on the tool bar or press the F1 key on the keyboard 6 2 Tips Construct a picture sequentially Work in the EW as it helps to check the syntax error while typing Work carefully with insertion if direction is changed 7 References 1 Bri
19. els ojo P E J av circle ellipse spline move j a a 5 m amow left right up down Constructs Label File Copy Macro Variables center Il ljust ju rjust m box Attributes gt for des E soid N _dashed 1 doted gul ee box I above teen Figure 18 box Attributes 3 2 3 Indicating x y coordinates There are two ways to indicate x y coordinates direct manipulation and textually Direct manipulation If you want to specify a point by direct manipulation e g after an at from or to token you may wish to make sure the grid and gravity are set properly Otherwise the exact point the mouse is at is taken as the indicated point and this will need to be expressed as a pair of real numbers x y As mentioned in Section 3 1 6 when gravity is On grid point or a corner of an existing object could be taken as the indicated point Move the mouse close to the point that you want to indicate on the canvas Its exact x y coordinates of the point are shown in a little pop up window LMC the point There are three cases 21 Corner If the indicated point is a corner of an object the expression of this corner consisting of the object s label and the corner s designation e g n e or ne is added to the EW If the object has no label a Label dialog as illustrated in Figure 19 shows up Input a label for the object in the
20. enter X and y values in the Grid Setting dialog centeris the origin A horizontal line and a vertical line cross at this origin The distance between any two adjacent horizontal lines of the grid is X and the distance between any two adjacent vertical lines of the gird is y 18 Grid Activation ned I OK fanen Figure 17 Grid Activation Dialog 3 1 6 Setting gravity To set the gravity choose Tools Set Gravity from the menu bar Or RMC the canvas and choose Set Gravity from the pop up menu A Gravity Setting dialog as illustrated in Figure 10 shows up w Gravity Setting 9 Figure 10 Gravity Setting Dialog Click On or Off to turn the gravity on or off Whenever gravity is off whatever x y coordinates are indicated by the mouse is taken as the indicated point Gravity has three tightness radii coarse at 1 4 inch medium at 1 8 inch and fine at 1 16 inch Choose any one Select gravitate to grid points and gravitate to pic corners to make the grid points and corners of existing objects be indicated Whenever the gravity is on and the distance between the approximate point and a grid point or a corner is within gravity s tightness radius of the grid point or the corner the grid point or the corner is indicated If a picture is scaled the tightness radii are divided by the scale value at the CIP 3 1 7 Setting the current insertion point Normally the CIP is just after the last inserted object
21. et the size to 0 3 LMC the OK button fH s8 is made invisible and zero width on the canvas 4 Select s0MP on the canvas choose Tools gt Font from the menu bar select invisible in the Font dialog or set the size to 0 5 LMC the OK button sO fP is made invisible and zero width on the canvas 6 Select Hello on the canvas choose Tools Font from the menu bar and set the font to Helvetica or Arial size 8 7 LMC the OK button You see Hello in Helvetica size 8 centered in the box on the canvas 4 1 2 Preferences Choose Tools Preferences from menu bar A Preferences dialog as illustrated in Figure 22 shows up You can set your preferred values for the attributes of box circle ellipse line arrow arc spline After you are done LMC the OK button The changes you make will affect the new inserted objects from now on until next time you change the preferences again By this means whenever you add a primitive into the IR the 24 preferred attributes of that primitive that you set in the Preferences dialog are added to the primitive automatically as they are added to the IR For instance if you change the line style of box to dotted then dot ted will be added to the IR to each box that is inserted into the IR the preference is changed box circle ellipse line arow arc spline filled invisible Line Style solid v text iust Default OK Cancel
22. g Figure 28 Macros Dialog Define 30 2 If the Define tab is not in front of the other tabs LMC the Define tab 3 Fill in the parts of the define statement The parts are macro name and replacement text 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard Type define _name _ replacement text at the CIP In any case the define name replacement text is added to the IR at the CIP The picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR 4 2 4 2 Undefine With the palette 1 LMC the Macro button on the palette A Macros dialog as illustrated in Figure 28 shows up 2 If the Undefine tab is not shown in front of other tabs LMC the Undefine tab An empty undef statement as illustrated in Figure 29 shows up Macros Dialog x Undefine Define undef Reset OK Cancel Figure 29 Macros Dialog Undefine 3 Fill in the macro name that you want to undefine in the undef statement 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard Type n d e f macro name at the CIP In any case the undef macro name statement is added to the IR at the CIP The picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR 4 2 5 File copy 4 2 5 1 Copy With the palette 1 LMC the File Copy button on the palette A File Copy dialog as illustrated in Figure 30 shows up 31 File Copy Dialog Figure 30 File Copy Dialog Copy 2 If the Copy tab is not in front of the other tabs LMC the Copy tab 3 Fi
23. g given an at from or to token you would then need to specify a position A position could be an x y coordinate pair or may be specified in other ways For example you might want to draw the diagram shown in Figure 5 Figure 5 An example diagram This diagram can be generated from the pic code shown in Figure 6 Box1 box box at Boxl c boxwid boxht Figure 6 pic code of Figure 5 One way to draw Figure 5 and to get the IR shown in Figure 6 is to use the keyboard to enter the text of Figure 6 into the IR Another way is by direct manipulation Two key concepts of WD pic are its grid and gravity Their main purpose is to allow direct manipulation placement of objects while getting x y coordinates that would be written by a human user when using pic in the batch mode Gravity is used to map the approximate point that you can achieve with a mouse to a corner of an existing object or to a grid point When gravity is off the point you have LMCed whatever its coordinates are as a pair of real numbers is taken as the indicated point Following steps show one way using grid amp gravity to draw the diagram 1 LMC the box button box is added to the IR at the CIP A box with default size is drawn on the canvas according to the IR 2 LMC the Label button Type B o x 1 and end the label input by typing Box1 is added to the IR before box 3 Select Tools Define Grid from the menu bar A Grid Definition dialog wi
24. g the Cancel button closes the dialog without having any effect LMCing the OK button closes the dialog while causing the intended effect of the dialog The Default button is given in dialogs in which values are to be input into fields LMCing this button fills each field with the appropriate default value according to the purpose of the dialog The Reset button is given in dialogs in which values are to be input into fields LMCing this button clears every field Then you can start filling the fields again Affecting the session 3 1 1 Basic file manipulations There are four basic file manipulations New Open Save and Save as New create a new IR There are three ways With the menu bar select File gt New from the menu bar With the shortcut key type Ctrl N gt With the tool bar LMC the New button in the tool bar The IR is set to empty and Untitled is established as the current file name Open open an existing file which is assumed to contain pic code With the menu bar select File gt Open from the menu bar With the shortcut key type Ctrl O gt With the tool bar LMC the Open button in the tool bar An Open dialog as illustrated in Figure 13 shows up on the screen In any of the standard ways indicate the name of the file you want to open Then LMC the OK button 14 Enter path or folder name u2 l20u4 Y Filter Files 4 4 AdobeFnt lst OB Ist S bin java Mail
25. he cursor in the EW normally it is after the last inserted object the picture corresponding to an IR the picture generated by pic when it interprets the entire IR from start to end regardless of where in the IR the CIP is current file name a name for the file into which a Save would cause writing of the entire IR basic interpretation cycle abbreviate as BIC the process starts with inputting into the IR and ends with the picture on the canvas being redrawn For example following sequenced steps illustrate a BIC 1 LMC a pic token on the palette 2 The token is added to the IR 3 The picture on the canvas is redrawn pop up menu a menu that is opened by a RMC on the canvas grid a network of horizontal and vertical lines that provide coordinates for locating points on the canvas a grid is determined by center x and y values where center is the origin X is the distance between any two adjacent horizontal lines y is the distance of any two adjacent vertical lines grid point a point in a grid at which a horizontal line and a vertical line cross gravity used to control the restriction of positioning points it has no effect on the IR gravity tightness radius abbreviate as tightness radius the radius of the area around a grid point or an object corner around which gravity is effective approximate point the point on the canvas that you LMCed indicated point the point correspond
26. iaa 6 Figure A First Sample ici eene edt ete ded eaa alio De 7 Figures An example Mari ee ee eod ede nie REED ertet 11 Figure 6 pic code of Figure iia Dd UO OR edere giten 11 Figure 7 Grid Definition Dialog oc eceeceseesessesseseseesesseseesessesesncseencsncscsucscsecsesseessseessseesaeescaeeeaeeneaeeneanees 12 Figure 8 gnd Bol Enri ttp nie tee e e Pa een ende eroe Need 12 Figure 9 A sample of using grid amp gravity L sese eene nente tenerent 13 Figure 10 Gravity Setting Dialog retener nter nennen tenens 13 Figure 11 A sample of using grid amp gravity II Figure 12 A sample of using grid amp gravity III 13 Figure 13 Open IA 15 Figure 14 Save As IA 16 Figure 15 Set External Editor Dialog sese nnns 16 Figure 16 Sample of Selected Object rnrnrnonovrvnrvonevevrrnrvevevenrvevevevevevaveveersvaverevevevsvarurvevsvarsrvevenasesvevavevsenenenne 17 Figure 7 Grid Definition Dialog tette ttes 18 Figure 17 Grid Activation Dialog tentent tnter tenente tnnt tenter ntes 19 Figure 10 Gravity Setting Dialog sss retener nter tentent 19 Figure 18 box Attributes cete ep eret ee e Re Eo Pe f Do D ep peri ens 21 Figure 19 Label Dialog eR aar 22 Figure 20 Indicate points with grid amp gravity essent nennen tenete tenerent 22 Figure 21 Font Dialogs ori aa aia 24 Figure 22 Y AAN AA 25 Figure 23 Variable Assignment Dialog sss nennnnnn 2
27. ing to an approximate point that is finally indicated by WD pic by use of gravity and inserted into the IR type XXX type XXX from the keyboard without concern for the location of the cursor xxx is added to the IR at the CIP and is shown also in the EW type XXX into the EW make sure the cursor is in the EW type xxx from the keyboard xxx is added to the EW at the CIP type xxx into the external editor make sure the cursor is in the external editor type XXX from the keyboard xxx is added to the to be edited file which is taken as the IR after you save and quit the external editor type xxx into the yyy field of Zzz dialog make sure the cursor is in the yyy field of zzz dialog type xxx from the keyboard xxx is added to the yyy field of zzz dialog Abbreviations BIC Basic Interpretation Cycle CIP Current Insertion Point EW Edit Window GUI Graphic User Interface IR Internal Representation LMC Left Mouse Click RMC Right Mouse Click WD WYSIWYG Direct manipulation WYSIWYG What You See Is What You Get 2 5 Basic user interface goals Compared to the pic program the major advantage of WD pic is its GUI This GUI gives you the benefits of WYSIWYG and direction manipulation Some other basic goals of the user interface of WD pic are the following All styles of input i e by mouse or by keyboard are fully interchangeable without the need to inform the application where its next input is coming from
28. ipse document arrow box WD pic arrow box troff arrow ellipse typesetter Figure 2 pic code of Figure 1 WD pic runs on the Solaris UNIX environments with the JAVA Runtime Environment version 1 2 or later 12 First Sample Run The picture in Figure 1 can be easily drawn with WD pic To start the program run the following command wdpic filename filename is an optional parameter specifying the name of an existing file to load as the internal representation on startup or the name of a non existent file that will receive the current internal representation whenever Save of the File menu is requested The screen layout of WD pic is illustrated in Figure 3 menu har tool bar Constructs Label File Copy Macro Variables mM Attributes palette Figure 3 Screen Layout of WD pic The following steps show one way to draw Figure 1 You will learn other ways to draw the same picture in later sections 1 Left mouse click the ellipse button on the palette and input d o cument from the keyboard without moving the mouse 2 Left mouse click the arrow button 3 Left mouse click the box button and input W D pi c from the keyboard without moving the mouse 4 Left mouse click the arrow button 5 Left mouse click the box button and input t r o f f from the keyboard without moving the mouse 6 Left mouse click the arrow button 7 Left mouse click
29. ll in the name of the file that you want to copy in the copy statement 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard Type copy filename at the CIP In any case the copy filename is added to the IR at the CIP The picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR 4 2 5 2 Copy Through With the palette 1 LMC the File Copy button on the palette A File Copy dialog as illustrated in Figure 30 shows up 2 If the Copy Through tab is not in front of the other tabs LMC the Copy Through tab An empty copy thru statement is shown up as illustrated in Figure 31 File Copy Dialog Figure 31 File Copy Dialog Copy Through 32 3 Fill in the parts of the copy thru statement The parts are file name and macro name or macro replacement text 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard Type c o p y file thru macro nameorcopy file thru macro replacement text at the CIP In any case the copy file thru macro name or copy file thru macro replacement text is added to the IR at the CIP The picture on the canvas is redrawn from the complete IR 4 2 5 3 sh With the palette 1 LMC the File Copy button on the palette A File Copy dialog as illustrated in Figure 30 shows up 2 If the sh tab is not in front of the other tabs LMC the sh tab An empty sh statement is shown up as illustrated in Figure 31 3 Fill in the body of the sh statement 4 LMC the OK button With the keyboard Typ
30. me field Indicate the center of the grid by typing into the Center field or selecting from the field s pop up list The center must be some point and could be specified by a symbolic expression such as Box1 c or by a constant such as 0 0 Define the X and the y field values by typing into the fields or selecting from the fields pop up lists After you are done LMC the Save button The grid setting is saved with the given name n You can activate the saved grid anytime later by giving its name n If you want to activate grid n right now LMC the Activate Now button The just defined grid n is activated The canvas is redrawn according to the current complete IR with grid n superimposed Section 3 1 5 describes how the grid is determined from the data of the grid setting To modify a previously defined grid choose its name from the field s pop up list Make the changes Then LMC the Save button 3 1 5 Activating grid If you want to activate a previously defined grid choose Tools Activate Grid from the menu bar Or RMC the canvas and choose Activate Grid from the pop up menu A Grid Activation dialog as illustrated in Figure 17 shows up Select the name of the grid that you want to activate from the pop up list of the Name field Then LMC the OK button The named grid is activated The canvas is redrawn according to the current complete IR with the activated grid superimposed This grid is determined by the previously defined c
31. nrvnnnrrnrsrrrrrrrrrrrrnerrnnennnnnnnnnrnnenn 20 3 2 3 Indicating x y coordinates iinei a ineei aaa E aaan jie NEEE 21 3 2 4 Addins TEXT NT 23 A O TA 23 4 1 Affecting th ESO tit A A Shes 23 4 1 1 Setting font and size of text ooocccnccnnnncnnnnnnnnccnnacinananananan non nese cnn nono nn 23 4 1 2 Preferences casos hustakene vet o otitis 24 4 2 AMECA cat 25 4 2 1 Changing values of variables etat YR ex neset 25 4 2 2 Changing attributes of an existing ODjECT occocccccncncnnccninncinancnnannananananann nn eee 26 4 2 3 COMSUIUCIS TH D 27 4231 JEGODS eere e t e eee ae re e UT 2 4 232 AA eddie oe Bet e kg eb versene 28 4 2 3 3 BIOCKS A aar karve G r 29 4 2 4 Macro ME EHE LM 30 4241 Define sse Reuter nte tp eoe de t usted 30 42 42 Und iia RR E RS 31 4 2 5 ule 31 4251 COPY MEE 31 4 2 5 2 A NAS 32 4 2 5 3 Slice LRL EHI aie eae TE RE Een I RENE UN Pee Gustad RENE AE 33 4 2 6 Ici TT LITT 33 5 O INT 6 Trouble Shooting amp Tips cosiocinicosici aniosicanedadecooneiocabbano loda ra econo ad iaa noia e apro au Doa a orae aa 6 1 Trouble shootin tos 2 tede E tte D ERE RR e e EUER E e e EES 6 2 Tips To References E ss dnce dete tnis e OE Ces cede prRe C essb sepa o dade Fe Ta baec aao 09 dada roves o vae tabe apices 8 Appendix Table of Figures Figure 1A low diagram tada 5 Figure 2 plc code of Figure AAA ete dne etri dete st ner de P dedere det enn 5 Figure 3 Screen Eayout oEW D DIO onto de rette
32. nto the IR With the palette All possible attributes of the primitive are shown in the attributes area of the palette as buttons Figure 18 illustrates the palette after a box has been added to the IR There are several types of buttons in the attributes area 1 an independent button e g fill and invis LMCing one of these buttons will add its token e g 111 and invis to the IR at the CIP 2 a button with a value field e g wid ht and at LMCing one of these buttons causes the addition of both its token and the value shown in the field to the IR You can change a value by typing into its field If a value field is empty only the token is added to the IR In this last case WD pic will be expecting that you will provide the required value by another means e g typing typing into the EW or direct manipulation 3 a button in a set of buttons connected with s e g solid dashed dotted You can LMC only one of them to add its token to the IR 20 To change the attributes of the object change the values in the fields if necessary and LMC the related buttons in the attributes area With the keyboard Type the attributes at the CIP For the example type w i d expr End inputting the object by typing or pressing the Enter key wid expr is added to the IR at the CIP In either case the picture on the canvas is redrawn according to the current complete IR WD Pic TES File Edi Tools Help Dat l
33. th fields filled with default values as illustrated in Figure 7 shows up 11 Grid Definition Newsrd ial jog m NN _Defauk Save _Activate Now _Cance Figure 7 Grid Definition Dialog 4 Type Box1C into the Name field Box1 c into the Center field boxwid into the x field and boxht into the y field as illustrated in Figure 8 w Grid Definition Figure 8 grid Box1C 5 LMC the Activate Now button A grid with name Box1C center Boxl c x boxwid and y boxht is saved The canvas is redrawn according to the current complete IR with the activated grid Box1C superimposed as illustrated in Figure 9 12 Figure 9 A sample of using grid amp gravity I 6 Select Tools Set Gravity from the menu bar A Gravity Settings dialog with fields filled with default values as illustrated in Figure 10 shows up Gravity Setting x On C Off Tightness Radius C coarse IV gravitate to grid points medium v gravitate to pic corners C fine Default OK Cancel Figure 10 Gravity Setting Dialog 7 Make sure that on and medium are selected and gravitate to grid points and gravitate to pic corners are checked 8 LMC the OK button 9 LMC the box button from the palette box is added to the IR at the CIP The canvas is redrawn from the current complete IR 10 LMC the at button from the palette at is added to the IR at the CIP 11 Move the mouse to
34. the ellipse button and input t y p e s e t t e r from the keyboard without moving the mouse As you doing above operations the internal representation shown in Figure 2 is generated in the editing window and the picture shown in Figure 1 is drawn on the canvas as illustrated in Figure 4 White space is used to separate tokens a blank token is denoted im WD Pic A er ellipse document arrow box WD pic arrow box trott arrow ellipse typesetter Figure 4 First Sample 2 Conventions 2 1 User assumption You the user of WD pic are assumed to know the pic language well If not please refer to a user s manual of the pic program 1 2 2 Notational conventions The following text conventions are used in the manual Times New Roman is used for normal text Times New Roman Italics is used for emphasis and new terms in normal text Times New Roman Bold is used for section names Helvetica is used for program names and file names except in command lines Helvetica Italics is used for widget and key name variables Helvetica Bold is used for widget and key name constants Courier is used for internal representation contents Courier Italicsis used for variables of pic internal representation syntax Courier Boldis used for constants of pic internal representation syntax Century Gothic is used for command code and use case names Century Gothic Italicsis used for varia
35. utton 23 len N Font Font style Regular e ACaslon Regular E AG aramond Italic El AGaramond Bold Bold El Americana Bold Italic Tr Arial Tr Arial Black T Arial Narrow Special Effects Sample Invisible Underline Figure 21 Font Dialog The selected text on the canvas is changed to the selected font format As there is no font information in the pic language the IR is not changed Consequently the setting of the font and size affects only the appearance of the text in the canvas for the current section In pic text in quotes is passed verbatim to troff which does the font and size changes according to troff font and size change commands in the quoted text So pic itself does nothing with fonts and sizes To be able to see what the result would look like on printing use these font and size settings session commands to make the font and size of the displayed text be what troff thinks it is You can make the troff commands themselves invisible so that they are not displayed For instance to get the result of a box with Hello in Helvetica size 8 follow the steps 1 Insert box V HNs8HelloNsON P into the IR The canvas is drawn with a box centered with text fH s8Hello sO fP since the normal font for text on the canvas is Times Roman or Times New Roman 2 Select AfH1s8 on the canvas choose Tools Font from the menu bar select invisible in the Font dialog or s
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