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TDS-COGO48 COGO Card User's Manual - 2014 York Can

Contents

1. R 84 Traverse On Curve Screen ete pee ree taies R 85 Vertical Curve Screen cie ee ptr e iens R 86 Vertical Curve Solution Screen sse R 87 Vertical Curve Layout Screen sese R 88 Straight Grade Screen euet etri eret R 89 PRINTOUT MENU Print Points Screen iere R 90 Print Setup Screen einer R 91 FILE TRANSFER R 92 POINT LIST Point Eist SCreetizo eir eU eR EHE e ERUNT R 93 Horiz Vert Curve Screen sssssseeeeeeeeeeeeee R 94 Clear Point List Command esee R 94 Content v CONTENT APPENDIX A Technical A 1 APPENDIX B Coordinate File Format eese B 1 APPENDIX C Trouble Shooting eee C 1 INDE naa e E R E aa e Index i Content vi 1 INTRODUCTION In this chapter you will become familiar with the TDS COGO48 Card you will install the card in your HP 48 SX GX Handheld Computer you will learn about its general features and capabilities and you will be introduced to the organization and content of this manual WELCOME TO THE TDS COGO48 The TDS COGO48 is a Program Card for the HP 48 Scientific Expandable Handheld Calculator The program is stored in Read Only Memory ROM and therefore has no need for a backup battery With normal use the user canno
2. 9 5 ADVANCED TOPICS Quick Return To the TDS COGO48 sees 9 6 Using TDS COGO48 Coordinate Data In Your Own Programs Retrieving Data From a Coordinate File 9 7 Storing Data To a Coordinate File 9 8 REFERENCE ORGANIZATION OF THE REFERENCE MANUAL R 1 THE GENERIC MENU rtt Rr EIER R 2 THE GENERIC SCREEN 5tttr rit steer eue R 3 SCREEN TREE MABP eeeeeeee ee ene enn n nnn nnn nnn nnn nnn annu R 6 KEYBOARD OVERLAY n n nennen nnn nnn nnn R 8 GLOBAL TOP ROW KEYS COMMANDS Escape Command itte tree sedens R 11 Store Command oO O RM R 12 Print Command sse ennemis R 13 Recall Command sesers tisini an a nennen ene R 13 Main Commi hnd 5 4 e cos tete ces eret eet ee eee uie R 13 JOBS MENU New Job Sereen eter eec ERRARE RE R 15 Open Existing Job Screen sssesseeeeeneeeeeee R 16 Current Job Info Screen ssssseeeee nen R 17 Point Data Screen eeeseeeeee eene enne R 18 Save Job to Card Screen sse R 19 Recall Job from Card Screen eseeseeee R 19 Delete Job from Card Screen R 20 Delete Job Screen nieres niire nns R 20 Setup Screen siens en Pre ee THREE US eR PERI R 21 Content iii CONTENT EARTH WORKS MENU Average End Area R 2
3. nennen 4 8 Area and Inserting a Curve in a Point List eee 4 10 5 TRIANGLE SOLUTION Triangle Solutions s uctor ee rp ehm 5 1 Side Side v Aple 5 3 Differential Leveling esee 5 5 Trigonometrie Leveling rtr meterse 5 6 6 FIELD WORK WITH THE TDS COGO48 Introduction terree lere EE a 6 1 Traversing the Boundary of the Smith Property 6 2 Screen GTapbI6S ee e o on e est 6 6 VIEW Coordinates teet rbi ree ee eie UR 6 7 Two Point Resection essen enne neret 6 8 Benchmark e pet RR 6 10 Topographic Survey of the Smith Property 6 11 7 ADJUSTMENTS Transl DERE EET 7 2 Rotate Job lin epe Ee IP ep eese tiere mds 7 3 Angle Adqustment ette eR TR 7 4 Compass Rule ccs i nenne e ee nen 7 7 Change Scale nus semen gb ate oiled pee 7 8 8 EARTH WORK Volume if a Berm or Gully sse 8 1 Earthwork and Road Construction eese 8 8 the Volume of a Mound of Borrow Pit 8 10 Content ii CONTENT 9 PRINTING AND DATA COMM WITH YOUR TDS COGO48 Printing 5 05 sieis iissa 9 1 Printing Screens epe enr ehe 9 3 Data Communication To An Office PC 9 4 File Transfer Between Two TDS COGO48 s
4. Print Setup IR wire gt Wire lt Wire IR Baud rate gt 9600 lt 9600 1200 2400 4800 Parity lt None Odd Even With this screen you may choose whether or not to use an RS232 wire printer or the HP 82240B Infrared wireless printer If you choose the RS232 printer you may also specify the communication parameters of baud rate and parity When you have filled out this screen properly for your particular printer press EXIT You will return to the Print Menu Now select G and you will see the Print Points Screen From point To point Print Points Using point list gt gt From point 0 To point 20 LPRINT PTLST EXT As in other screens in the TDS COGO48 you may define a block of points to be printed by specifying the From point and To point options or by using the currently active Point List To use the Point List press one of the horizontal cursor keys or while highlighting the From point line in the display and change the prompt to Using point list The Point List itself may be created or edited by pressing the PTLST softkey Once you have setup the screen to output the proper coordinate data either plug your TDS COGO48 into your wire printer with the appropriate RS232 cable or configure your TDS COGO48 to communicate with your infrared printer Place the HP 82240B Infrared Printer so that there is a direct line of sight between the IR e
5. azimuth S azimuth Scale factor 1 0000000 Earth curve adj gt OFF OFF ON Print trace gt OFF lt OFF ON Storing pause gt OFF lt OFF ON Dist unit gt Feet lt Feet Meter Angle unit Degree lt Degree Grad Step 1 Set the Azimuth This indicates the assumed direction of a zero azimuth either North or South Step 2 In this screen you can set a Scale factor which is the factor by which all distances entered in the field will be multiplied before coordinate values are computed Step 3 Earth curve adjust when set ON will include calculations to compensate for earth curvature and refraction in the computation of coordinates Step 4 When Print Trace is set ON it will send the computed data to the I R printer port as each screen is solved Step 5 Storing pause when set ON will pause and display the computed coordinates as each point is shot Step 6 The Distance unit and Angle unit set the units that the internal calculations will use These can be Feet or Meters and Degrees or Grads These settings differ from the unit settings in the Device Setup screen in that there they set the unit that the data is collected in You can set the TDS 48 to any combination you need e g your gun reads in feet but you want it stored in meters Step 7 Pressing MORE will bring up the following screen Here you can turn the HP 48 s beep on or off OP Modes Beeper ON cont l
6. Reference R 86 REFERENCE VERTICAL CURVE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to compute the elevations at various stations along a vertical curve Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu L Vertical Curve PVC Sta PVI Sta gt PVC sta 0 0 000 Elevation 0 000 Length Sta Elevation gt bength 0 00 HE Beg grade 0 000 End grade 0 000 SOLVE jLAvou EXIT PVC sta PVI sta is the station number of either the PC or the PI of the vertical curve Elevation is the elevation at the PVC or PVI station Length H L pt ele Sta Elevation is the horizontal length between the PC and PT or another station number and elevation along or the elevation of the high or low point of the vertical curve Beg grade 46 is the beginning grade of the vertical curve expressed as a for uphill for downhill End grade 46 is the ending grade of the vertical curve expressed as a for uphill for downhill SOLVE will compute the properties of the vertical curve and display the results in the Vertical Curve Solution Screen see below LAYOU will transfer to the Vertical Curve Layout Screen see below Beginin geting PVC PVI Reference R 87 REFERENCE VERTICAL CURVE SOLUTION SCREEN Purpose of screen to display the results of the vertical curve solution from the data in the previous screen Path From the Main Menu press Q
7. d P d P TR SS STK OUT DIR PRINT x 2 P Pp P ADJUST WHERE ASA SSS CONTOFF BS SAS SSA 4860060 d Note that the alpha keys printed in white are positioned to the right of the associated key The CONT and OFF functions printed in purple and Reference R 8 REFERENCE green respectively are positioned above the ON key with which they are associated The Global Top Row Keyboard Functions see above are printed in purple These keys perform a function and return to where you left off The remainder of the shifted function keys send you to a screen or menu within the TDS COGO48 program s tree structure When you EXIT from that screen you will return to the screen from which you pressed the direct access key With the exception of the top row keys all direct access functions can be accessed from the menu tree in the normal manner Below is a table listing each Global and Direct Access key used by TDS COGO48 and a simple description of what each does A ESC Escape temporarily from the TDS COGO48 program and return to the main operating system of the HP 48 See the ON or CONT key to return to the TDS COGO48 Store a value to the Clipboard register Pa PRINT Print the current screen to an Infrared Printer RCL Recall a value fromthe Clipboard a value from the Recall a value fromthe Clipboard LE ODE Return to the Main Menu from wherever you are in the TDS COGO48 G AREA Compute the
8. NOTF R 11 O Occupied Point 6 3 R 26 R 51 Offset 4 8 OPEN 7 7 R 59 R 61 Open Job 2 17 R 16 Open Traverse 7 7 R 60 R 62 Operating Modes R 21 R 24 P PARAL 3 14 R 48 Parallel Area R 49 Parallel Pre determined Area 3 14 Parity 9 2 9 4 R 91 R 92 PC Point of Curvature 4 5 R 75 PC PI R 76 R 77 R 82 Index iv PENU 3 16 R 93 Perimeter 3 9 R 29 PI Point of Intersection 4 5 R 75 Plot 6 6 Plot to Screen 3 15 POINT 6 7 R 70 Point Free R 17 Number 2 17 R 18 Recall 3 6 R 18 R 60 Unused R 18 Point in Direction 3 7 R 38 Point List 3 10 4 10 7 4 R 93 Point Staking R 51 Power A 2 PRECI 7 2 R 59 to R 62 Precision 7 2 Pre determined area 3 12 R 47 PRINT 2 12 9 2 R 11 R 70 R 90 Print 9 1 R 90 Print Trace 2 14 PT or PT 3 2 6 7 PT Point of Tangency 4 5 R 75 PTLST 7 4 R 30 R 48 R 52 R 70 R 93 R Radial Staking R 51 Radius 4 5 R 75 RAM 1 4 RCL 3 6 6 7 R 18 R 60 RCLPT 9 7 RECALL 2 12 Recall Job 2 17 R 16 Point Number 3 6 R 18 R 60 Value 2 12 RECV 9 5 R 92 Receive Files R 92 Remote Elevation 6 10 R 44 Requirements 1 2 Resection 6 8 R 39 R 41 Retreiving Data 9 7 Road Volumes 8 8 Rod Man s Direction R 45 Rotate Job 7 3 R 54 Running TDS COGO48 1 5 9 6 S S gt E R 88 R 89 SAA 5 2 SAS 5 2 Save Data to PC 9 4 R 92 SBLK 9 5 R 92 SCALE 6 7 R 70 S
9. Size pts Start point Last point Free memory pts _ EXIT Job is the name of the currently opened and active job Size points is the current size of the coordinate file in number of points Start point is the lowest numbered point in the job file Last point is the current highest numbered used point in the job file Free mem points is the approximate amount of unused memory expressed in number of points Reference R 17 REFERENCE POINT DATA SCREEN Purpose of screen to provide a way to review and edit the coordinate data for the currently active job file Path From the Main Menu press G Jobs Menu J Point Data Point Northing Easting Elev PT PT STORE RCL UNUSE EXIT Point number is the value of the point number for which the rest of the data in the screen applies Northing is the north coordinate of the current point Easting is the east coordinate of the current point Elevation is the elevation of the current point PT will increment the point number to the next largest used point and display its coordinate information PT will decrement the point number to the next smallest used point and display its coordinate information STORE will store the coordinate information currently shown in the display as the information in the job file at the currently displayed point number If the current number already exists in the file a warning screen will
10. 0 0 000 Point count 0 gt Elevation 0 000 Offset 0 0000 ENTE PTLST AREA CLEAR EXIT You could now key in the elevation and offset easting of the points along the cross section for station 0 00 However since you have this data already stored as points 1 2 and 3 of the BERM job you should press one of the horizontal arrow keys with the scroll bar on the elevation line This will allow you to use the point list method of specifying the data Average End Area Station 0 0 000 Point count 0 gt Using Point List ENTE PTLST AREA CLEAR EXIT You should now press the PTLST softkey and setup a point list with points 1 2 and 3 A single point list entry can specify points 1 3 These Earth Work 8 4 EARTH WORK are the three points on the cross section for station 0 00 Now press the EXIT softkey twice to return to the Average End Area Screen Then press the AREA softkey This command will compute the cross section area and store it in the Last area Volumes are computed by pressing the CUT and FILL keys After pressing the AREA key you should see the screen below Last area 0 00 Curr area 120 000 Interval 0 00 Volume QYd 0 00 QFt 0 00 Total V QYd 0 00 QFt 0 00 rims EXIT Pressing EXIT before pressing CUT FILL or FIRST will return you to the Average End Area Screen There you can make any correction to the data d
11. 5 6 Z Ue Zenith Angle 6 1 6 4 R 26 Units 2 14 7 8 R 21 UNUS 6 7 R 18 UP R 18 Using Pt List 3 10 V Vertical Angle 6 4 R 26 Vertical Curve R 86 R 87 Straight Grade R 89 View Coordinates 2 17 R 18 Job Info 2 17 R 17 Point List 7 4 R 93 Volume 8 1 8 10 Index vi
12. Curve Menu L Vertical Curve Screen SOLVE High Low point Station 0 0 000 elev 0 000 PVC Sta is the station number of the PC of the vertical curve Elev is the elevation of the PC of the vertical curve PVI Sta is the station number of the PI of the vertical curve Elev is the elevation of the PI of the vertical curve PVT Sta is the station number of the PT of the vertical curve Elev is the elevation of the PT of the vertical curve High Low point Station is the station number of the highest or lowest point along the vertical curve Elev is the elevation of the highest or lowest point along the vertical curve MORE will display the High Low point values of the Solution screen Reference R 88 REFERENCE VERTICAL CURVE LAYOUT SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to layout a vertical curve by station number from the Curve Menu Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu L Vertical Curve Screen LAYOU Vert Curve Layout Sta intvl 0 000 Station 0 0 000 Elevation 0 000 S E gt 5 star fT EXT Sta intvl is the interval between stations to be laid out Station is the current station Elevation is the elevation at the current station S gt E will assume the station in the current station line compute the elevation at that station and display it in the elevation line of this screen E gt S will assume the elevation in the elevation line compute the st
13. It should not be used to adjust the size of your plotted or printed output as it will change calls inverses and other distance related calculations Adjustments 7 9 8 EARTH WORK In this chapter you will learn how to use the TDS COGO48 to compute volumes of earth from field and coordinate data The TDS COGO48 uses the average end area method of computing the volume of a berm or a gully This technique may be extended to compute the volumes of cuts or fills required for road construction Finally you will learn how the TDS COGO48 can compute the volume of a mound or borrow pit VOLUME OF A BERM OR GULLY In this section you will learn how to gather data in the field from a berm or gully and how to use the TDS COGO48 to compute the volume of the amount of earth in the berm or the amount that has to be added to fill the gully The average end area method is used to compute volumes For this example assume that you are to compute the volume of earth in a berm The sketch below indicates the procedure to follow Control KO Line Berm Sta 0 00 Earth Work 8 1 EARTH WORK First establish a control line parallel to the long axis of the berm Designate one end of the control line as station 0 00 Position your gun at a location that will give you a good line of sight to all of the points on the berm that you want to shoot Shoot at least two points on the control line to establish the control line azimuth NOTE The
14. ON and the D keys a the same time When you release them the 48 screen should blank except for 3 vertical lines Now short together the center two pins of the 48s RS232 port with a metal object With the center pins shorted press the H key The short should be maintained until the result is displayed A display of U_LB 20000 indicates that either the short was not properly made or the HP 48 has a problem with its port You should short the pins together and press H several more time in an attempt to get a OK response A display of U_LB OK indicates that the loop back test has past This is not proof positive that the 48s port is working properly but is a good indicator that it is OK To return to the normal operation hold down ON and C at the same time This should return you to the HOME screen 6 Your cable should be tested for shorts to see if all necessary wires are still connected A continuity meter can be used for this purpose or the cable can be taken to an electronics repair shop If you have a 9 pin connector on the PC end of your cable then pins 2 3 and 5 should go to one and only one pin on the 4 pin HP 48 end If you have a 25 pin connector into your PC then pins 2 3 and 7 should go to one and only one pin on the 4 pin HP 48 end Care should be taken when plugging the cable into the HP 48 The 4 pins in the 48 can slip between the rubber housing and the plastic plug itself When you look at the end o
15. Step 2 For this example enter 147 62 in the Horiz dist field Triangles 5 6 TRIANGLES Step 3 Now enter 89 2419 in the Zenith field Press SOLVE to calculate the Target elevation and the Vertical distance to the horizontal plane Target Vertical Distance Horizontal Plane Triangles 5 7 6 SURVEY FIELDWORK The first section of this chapter is designed to introduce you to the use of your TDS COGO4 8 to collect field data You will enter the traverse of the SMITH property using manual input You will learn how to do a resection in the field You will see how a topographic survey can be entered with the TDS COGO48 INTRODUCTION This chapter is designed as a introduction to the field use of the TDS COGO48 It assumes that you understand and have a working knowledge of your particular surveying instrument This Manual will cover how to use the TDS COGO48 to enter field data from a total station The specific button to press on your total station to perform an operation like zeroing the circle is left up to you to determine We will try to mention any difficulties or special differences a total station may have but you should be familiar with the operation of your instrument There a couple of concepts related to the use of TDS COGO48 that you should be aware of First the TDS COGO48 is 3 dimensional coordinate geometry field computer It dose not have the option of storing Raw Data but
16. functions CO GO 3 11 CO GO CALCULATE PRE DETERMINED AREAS Let s assume Mr Smith wants to section off a two acre parcel from the lower notch of his property To do this you will need to find the point on line 1 2 that when connected back to point 6 will section off exactly two acres of land It is not a trivial task to calculate the boundary point that will provide a two acre region But TDS COGO48 will calculate this for you using the Swing Hinge Line Approach With this method you can find this boundary point that will provide a pre determined area which in this exercise is two acres This is graphically displayed in the drawing below 3 2 ER cm Smith j Property 7 The two acre parcel will be bounded by the points 1 7 6 and a new point along line 1 2 For the new point use point 17 To solve this particular problem you need the Predetermined Area w Hinge Line screen to locate the point that will create a 2 0 acre parcel Path From the COGO Menu select Q Pre Determined Area Acre Square ft gt gt Acre 2 00 From point To point gt gt Using point list Using point list Pt on line Bearing gt Pt on line 2 Store pt 17 Line brg N89 2806W Line dist 426 872 SOLVE PTLST DFDIR PARAL EXIT CO GO 3 12 CO GO Using this screen you can swing the hinge line 6 17 about the hinge point 6 along the known directional line 1 2 unti
17. you are to measure the area of the driveway so that he can determine how much gravel he will need for it To make things interesting Mr Smith wants the driveway to meet the road along the western boundary of his property as well as the front of the barn at right angles He also wants a 150 ft radius curve built into his driveway where these two sections intersect From a previous survey of this property you have located the center of the driveway in front of the barn pt 31 and the desired access point for the center of the driveway at the western boundary of his property pt 30 You have also established the bearings of the straight sections of the driveway and the point where they intersect This is the PI of the curve pt 32 These points are shown on the figure below Curves 4 1 CURVES d 31 04 x Fai of curve The coordinates of the relevant points are given in this table Use the Edit Coordinates screen from the Job menu to enter the following two points PT NUM NORTHING EASTING 30 5449 0151 5029 7574 229 74 3l 5553 3876 5488 3254 235 31 Next calculate the PI or the intersection of the two sections of driveway Path Press INTRSC or 3l I to jump to the Intersection screen The bearing of line 30 32 is S 86 1230 E the bearing of line 31 32 is S 44 5957 W Step 1 With these coordinates and line bearings you should be able to compute the coordinates of the intersection of the
18. 0 To point 0 Traverse Close M x lt Close Open Angle error 0 0026 SOLVE PTLST ERROR EXIT From point To point Using point list allow you to specify all points which are to be included in the angle adjustment Traverse defines the traverse as close or open traverse Angle error is the angular error that is to be adjusted out of the survey SOLVE will divide the angular error equally among all of the angles of the closed traverse and adjust the coordinates of all but the first two points PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen ERROR will bring up the angular computation screens which are shown below The angular error computations are different between close and open traverse compute the angular error using the polygon rule You may either enter a closing angle or let the TDS COGO48 compute the closing angle see below The error will be displayed in the Angle error field To adjust the angles of the traverse you must press SOLVE will a non zero angle error Reference R 55 REFERENCE COMPUTE ANGULAR ERROR SCREENS Close traverse Purpose of screen to allow you to compute angular error for close traverse Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustments Menu J set the Traverse option on CLOSE ERROR Compute Angular Error for close traverse Closing ang 0 0000 Angle error 0 0000 SOLVE TEXT Closing Ang this is the angle between
19. 3 output only is the horizontal distance from pt 1 to pt 3 Corner angle output only is the internal corner angle determined at the intersection of the two lines 360 output only is 360_ minus the corner angle computed above SOLVE will compute the internal corner angle determined by the two lines defined by points 1 and 3 and the corner point Pt2e n 360 Corner gi d angle Corner angle NE Angle Right Y gt gt E Ptl Corner Pt Reference R 43 REFERENCE SHOOT BENCHMARK SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to compute the elevation of the occupied point given the known elevation of the foresight Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu O Remote Elevation FS elev FS pt gt gt FS elev 0 Zen ang Vert ang Chng elev gt Zenith ang 0 0000 Slope dist Horiz dist Slope dist 0 000 HI 0 000 HR 0 000 OC elev OC pt gt gt elev 0 SOLVE tL EXIT FS elev FS point is the specification of the remote foresight elevation either by elevation or by the point number of the foresight Zenith ang is the zenith angle from the occupied point to the foresight Slope Dst is the slope distance from the occupied point to the foresight HI is the height of the instrument HR is the height of the rod OC elev is the computed elevation of the occupied point If this prompt is set at OC point the computed elevation will be stored in the coordinate file of the d
20. 32 as the PI 32 30 in the Azm PI gt PC field 32 31 in the Azm PI gt PT field the radius as 150 the PC Store Pt as 33 The PT will be stored in the next consecutive number 35 as the radius point Step 5 Press SOLVE TDS COGO48 will display the results of the radius PI and tangents Then it will prompt you to give an elevation for the next three store points Press ENTER to accept the default elevations TDS COGO48 will add these points to the job file v If you don t want to store the radius ET hdc M MUT enter zero as the ET hdc M MUT number Curves 4 6 CURVES Compute Radius Point You previously generated the radius point pt 35 in the PI amp Tangent routine above This screen will show you another way to compute radius point Path From the Curve Menu select J Compute radius pt Compute Radius Pt PC point 33 PT point 34 Curve gt Left 5 Radius 150 000 lt Right Left Sto radius 35 Filled out the screen as desired and press SOLVE This routine computes and stores the radius point Curve Through Three Points Just for practicing with another curve routine let s use the Through Three Points function to compute the curve we just created You will solve for the curve that lies between points 33 and 34 using point 35 as the radius point Path From the Curve Menu select I Through 3 Points Through 3 Points Radius point 1st point gt
21. COGO48 will do several things First it will compute the coordinates of your foresight point in this case point 2 If you have the storing pause set ON in the Operating Modes Screen of the Setup Menu TDS COGOAS will also display the coordinates for you Field Work 6 4 FIELD WORK Next the TDS COGO48 will add these coordinates to the SMITH coordinate file The machine will then increment the occupied point and foresight point and set the backsight point to be the old occupied point The result OC 2 FS 3 and BS 1 Finally it will also change the back azimuth to reflect the new backsight point If you have a point with known coordinates specified as the backsight point in the Traverse Sideshot Screen it is not necessary to use the BACK key You need to use the BACK key only if you wish to set a back azimuth or back bearing or change the circle angle to your backsight For the rest of the traverse you will backsight the previously occupied point The TDS COGO48 assumes that this is the continuing mode of operation and will build the screen after each shot accordingly Step 4 Fill out the Traverse Sideshot screen for the next point The data for point 3 should appear as shown below prior to pressing TRAV OC 2 FS 3 BS pt 1 gt Ang right 262 5448 gt Zenith ang 89 3236 Slope dist 457 760 HI 5 43 HR 6 000 SIDES BACK TRAV EXIT From the standpoint of the TDS COGO48 the only difference bet
22. Change Scale Screen R 52 Translate Job Screen eese R 53 Rotate Job Screen eene enne R 54 Angle Adjustment Screen sssesseeeeeenen R 55 Compass Rule Screens sse R 59 Open Traverse Screen R 60 Transit Rule Screens ccccccccccecsesssseceeececsesseaeceeececsensaeeeeeeeees R 61 Opern Traverse Screen sete ere iR ES R 62 Content iv CONTENT TRIANGLE SOLUTION MENU Three Sides Known Screen sese R 63 Two Angles and Included Side Screen sss R 64 Two Angles and an Opposite Side R 65 Two Side and Included Angles Screen R 66 Two Side and an Opposite Angles R 67 Differential Leveling Screen eee R 68 Trigonometric Leveling Screen sese R 69 SCREEN PLOT SCREEN Screen Plot Screen onis ie de nt ipee R 70 Points Screen si eec RH Balle R 71 Ines SCt en iii teen E HERE R 72 CURVE MENU Solving Horizontal Curve Screen R 73 PC Deflection Screen eere deterrere R 76 PI Deflection SCreen is emet ert Rev rebum ee R 77 Tangent Offset 79 Chord Offset Screen ete eei R 80 Known PI amp Tangents Screen sessseeeeeee R 82 Through 3 Points Screen R 83 Compute Radius Point
23. Curves 4 11 5 TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS With Trig and Differential Leveling In this chapter you will learn about triangle and leveling functions of the TDS COGO48 There are 5 triangle routines as well as Differential and Trig leveling TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS This chapter is about the triangle solutions with in the TDS COGO48 This is a set of routines that allow you to enter what you know about a triangle and the program will solve for what you do not know The first thing to determine then is what do you know The triangle solutions deal with the angles and the length of the sides or six values In order to uniquely define a triangle you must have three of these If you have four values you have one value more than is needed Two values will not allow us to determine the other values Two Angles One Angle One Side Two Sides Given the fact that we have two choices angles or sides and three needed pieces of information there are eight possible combinations 23 Two of these are redundant or mathematically the same which leave six combinations Triangles 5 1 TRIANGLES Menu Key A SSS Side Side Side Does uniquely define a triangle Will take 3 sides of a triangle and calculate the 3 angles and the area SSA Side Side Angle Will not always uniquely define a triangle If the side with an unknown length will intersect an arc formed by swinging the free known side then we can solve for 2 possible triang
24. Key The right hand softkey position is reserved for the label EXIT The EXIT key will always return you to an immediately previous screen or menu Reference R 5 REFERENCE SCREEN TREE MAP The next three figures provide a pictorial map of the TDS COGO48 screen tree Using this tree you can determine the sequence of menus and alpha keys required to access any of the screens that you may need to use to solve surveying problems with your TDS COGO48 Job G Menu Setup H Menu I Menu MAIN MENU Earth work G H I Create New Job Open Existing Job Current Job Info Edit Coordinates Save amp Recall job Delete Job Average end area Borrow pit Clear E W data J Traverse Sideshot K Show Directory CO GO M Menu Reference R 6 Area Computation Conversion Menu Intersection Inverse Between Pts Coords Lines Pt in Direction Resection 2 Pts Resection 3 Pts Corner Angle Computation Bench mark Where is next Pt PreDetermined area Stakeout computation G Survey H N Adjust G H Triangle I 9 Menu J K L M P Screen Plot MAIN MENU G H Curve I Q J Menu K L M G Print Menu S File Transfer REFERENCE Change Scale Translate Job Rotate Job Angle Adjustment Compass Rule Three Sides Know SSS 2 Angles amp included Side ASA 2 Angles amp opposite Side AAS 2 Sides amp included Angle SAS 2 Sides amp o
25. Path From the Main Menu press P Screen Plot POINT 3 The points on this screen are shown on a square virtual display with the north direction at the top of the display You may press and hold down the vertical cursor keys 4 and V to scroll to the rest of the display To return to the Screen Plot Screen press ON Reference R 72 REFERENCE LINES SCREEN Purpose of screen to show the line plot from the previous screen Path From the Main Menu press P Screen Plot LINES The points and lines screens are shown on a square virtual display with the north direction at the top of the display You may press and hold down the vertical cursor keys 4 and V to scroll to the rest of the display To return to the Screen Plot Screen press ON The Points screen is displayed with the point numbers On while the Lines screen on the next page has then Off NOTE If you are using the Point List option to specify the point sequence and you want to show a figure that has more than one separate connected line sequence you may lift the pen in this screen plot by inserting a PENUP command in the point list Use the PENU softkey in the Point List Screen Reference R 73 REFERENCE CURVE MENU SCREENS SOLVING HORIZONTAL CURVE SCREEN Purpose of screen to solve for the properties of a horizontal curve Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu G Solvi
26. Screen prints may only be sent to the HP 82240B Infrared S Printer Printing amp Data Comm 9 3 PRINTING amp DATA COMM DATA COMMUNICATION TO AN OFFICE PC One of the most useful features of the TDS COGO48 is that you may transfer the coordinates that you entered to your office personal computer You may also transfer coordinates from your office PC back to your TDS COGO48 for COGO computations The process for setting up your TDS COGO48 to transfer a coordinate file to a PC running Survey Link Tripod Data Systems communication and file conversion software is as follows see the File Transfer Screen as shown IR wire gt Wire lt Wire IR Baud rate gt 9600 9600 1200 2400 4800 parity NONS lt None Odd Even Start pt 0 End pt 0 SEND RECV sBLK EXIT Step 1 The first three lines of this screen are scrolling prompt type and have to do with setting the actual data transfer communication parameters How you set these values will be determined by the particular software that you will be using in your PC to communicate with your TDS COGO48 If you are using the Survey Link software in your PC to communicate with your TDS COGO48 these parameters should be set to wire 9600 baud and no parity as displayed in the screen above Step 2 Set you PC so that it is ready to receive data For details pertaining to Survey Link and the actual screens used see your Survey Link Manual Ste
27. Select K for the 2 S s amp opposite A Screen S S A Side b 5 400 Side c 8 600 Angle B 20 4311 Side a 12 Angle C 34 Angle A 124 Area SOLVE TEXT Triangles 5 3 TRIANGLES Step 1 Fill out the screen as above and press SOLVE The following triangle is defined by the first results Step 2 Press MORE to display the other possibility Side a 3 583 Angle C 145 4218 Angle A 13 3431 Area 5 450 Step 3 Now try entering 68 3512 as Angle B There is no solution for this combination of Side Side Angle o B M M 1 That completes CO GO and curve section of this tutorial You should be able to use the various routines to solve your own surveying needs If there are fields or keys in a screen that you need more information on please refer to the reference section for a complete description of every routine in the TDS COGO48 Triangles 5 4 TRIANGLES DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING The Differential Leveling routine allows you to use a graduated rod and a level to determine the elevation of a point from another point with a known elevation Path From the Main Menu press O Triangle Solutions Menu then L Differential Leveling to bring up the following display Differential Leveling BS pt BS elev gt gt BS elv 132 820 BS rod reading 24 380 FS rod reading 3 110 Instr elev 157 200 FS elev 154 0900 SOLVE jrszes EXIT
28. a point to a line see below Reference R 35 REFERENCE POINT TO LINE INVERSE SCREEN Purpose of screen to compute the inverse bearing and distance between a point and a line defined by two other points Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu J Inverse By Points Screen BYLIN Point to Line Inverse Point 0 Ptl of line 0 Pt2 of line Bearing gt gt Pt2 of line Azimuth 0 0000 Offset 0 0000 Station 0 000 SOLVE BYPTS BYCRD EXIT Point is the point from which the inverse is to be computed Pt 1 of line is the first point that defines the line to which the inverse is to be computed Pt 2 of line Bearing is the method that you use to define the line to which the inverse is to be computed Azimuth output only is the azimuth from the Offset point perpendicular to the line between points one and two Offset output only is the perpendicular distance from the offset point to the line from Point 1 to Point 2 If this distance is positive the offset is to the right of the line from Point 1 to Point 2 If this distance is negative the Offset is to the left of the line from Point 1 to Point 2 Station output only is the distance from Point 1 to the projection of the offset point to the line from Point 1 to Point 2 If this distance is positive the distance is from Point 1 in the direction of Point 2 If this distance is negative the distance is from Point 1 a
29. any existing cards With the HP 48 turned off insert your TDS COGO48 Card into Port 1 of your HP 48 Ports 1 amp 2 may be identified by the graphic on the back of the HP 48 Place the TDS COGO48 Keyboard Overlay on the HP 48 s keyboard The small tabs on the edges of the overlay fit into slots on the keyboard N OTE You will need to repeat steps 3 through 6 if your HP 48 ever experiences a memory loss Introduction 1 3 INTRODUCTION RUNNING THE TDS COGO48 Turn the TDS COGO48 ON When you first turn on your TDS COGOAS you are presented with the standard HP 48 display The keyboard will respond as a standard HP 48 It is beyond the scope of this manual to describe the operations of the standard HP 48 To learn how to use your HP 48 consult the HP 48 Operator s Manuals that came with the unit When the TDS COGO48 software is running it takes over control of the operation of the HP 48 To use the standard HP 48 functions it is necessary for you to EXIT the program see below To run the Surveying Card Software first press the 0 key twice above the purple key to put the HP 48 in alpha mode Now type T D S C O G O and press ENTER N OTE This manual uses the convention of showing keystrokes in BOLDFACE enclosed in square brackets This convention is used whether the key is primary shifted or a softkey The alpha key is the one directly above the purple left shift key and is depicted in
30. begin from the Traverse Sideshot Screen set the occupied point OC as 1 the foresight point FS as 2 and press the BACK key This will allow you to set the back azimuth for your first shot Filled out the Backsight azimuth with 276 2315 and press SOLVE The screen will appear as Field Work 6 3 FIELD WORK BS point BS azm Backsight BS brg gt gt BS azm 276 2315 Circle 0 0000 BS Azm 276 2315 BS Brg N83 3645W Remember to use the or key to change the first line prompt to BS azm before keying in the back azimuth The BS Circle field is the horizontal circle angle reading in the instrument while sighting on the backsight This is customarily zero but may be any value In this example it should always be 0 Step 2 Pressing EXIT will return you to the Traverse Sideshot Scree Finish filling out this screen with e Angle Right 86 5412 e Zenith Angle 89 4050 Slope Distance 711 420 e 5 320 e 6 000 taken from the table above The screen should be filled out as shown below OC 1 Ang right Azimuth Bearing BS pt 0 Ang left Def right Def left gt gt Ang right 86 5412 Zenith ang Vert ang Chng elev gt Zenith ang 89 4050 Slope dist Slope dist Horiz dist Slope dist 711 420 HI 5 320 HR 6 000 SIDES BACcK TRAV EXIT Step 3 Press TRAV to take this shot By filling out the screen and pressing TRAV the TDS
31. curve by deflection angles from the PI Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu G Horizontal Curve Screen LAYOU Horizontal Curve Layout Menu H PI Deflection PI sta O Curr sta O Sta intvl 0 000 0 000 0 00 Def angle 0 0000 Distance 0 000 SOLVE STA EXIT Reference R 78 REFERENCE PI sta is the station number of the PI Your gun should be occupying the PI and backsighting the PC Curr sta is the station number of the current station Sta interval is the interval from the current station to the next station Def ang output only is the deflection angle from the PI PC line to the next station Distance output only is the distance from the PI to the next station SOLVE will compute the deflection angle and distance from the screen data STA will increment from the current station to the next station using the assigned station interval Reference R 79 REFERENCE TANGENT OFFSET SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to layout a horizontal curve by tangent and offsets from the PC Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu G Horizontal Curve Screen LAYOU Horizontal Curve Layout Menu I Tangent Offset PC sta O 0 000 Curr sta O 0 000 Sta intvl 0 000 Tangent dist 0 000 Tan offset 0 000 Tan Tan dist 0 000 SOLVE STA EXT PC sta is the station number of the PC Your gun should be occu
32. earthwork calculations in the TDS COGO48 require that the control line run in a north south direction For the purpose of computing earth volume you can arbitrarily designate the control line is running from south to north Or if you choose to use the true azimuth for the control line you can rotate the job after the data is collected so that the actual control line azimuth is 0 Job rotation is described in Chapter 7 Adjustments Now have your rod man move across the berm along lines perpendicular to the control line He should stop at each break in the contour of the berm to take a shot In this way you will collect points along a series of cross sections across the berm The coordinates of these points will be used to compute the cross sectional areas of each section Then these areas will be used in the average end area method for computing volumes Assume that you have collected the data for the berm illustrated above and have rotated the job such that the azimuth of the control line is 0 The coordinate values are shown below STATION POINT NORTHING EASTING ELEVATION NUMBER 0 00 1 5000 00 5045 00 100 00 5000 00 5060 00 108 00 3 5000 00 5075 00 100 00 Earth Work 8 2 EARTH WORK STATION POINT NORTHING EASTING ELEVATION NUMBER 5020 00 5020 00 5020 00 5020 00 5030 00 5030 00 5030 00 5030 00 5030 00 5055 00 5055 00 5055 00 5055 00 5055 00 5080 00 5080 00 5080 00 5080 00 5080 00 51
33. for the numbers that screen should look like Inverse by Points Begin point 1 End point 2 Bearing N3 4730E Azimuth 3 4730 Horiz dist 711 404 Vert dist 3 290 SOLVE BYCRD BYLIN EXIT Like all of the screens in TDS COGO48 the use of this one is straightforward Move the scroll bar to the field in which you want to enter data and key in the data Then move the scroll bar to another field key in that data etc When you have built the screen to represent the problem that you are trying to solve press SOLVE Step 1 In the case of the inverse function specify 1 as the beginning point 2 as the ending point and press SOLVE The azimuth bearing horizontal distance and vertical distance between points 1 and 2 will be displayed as above Notice also that by pressing BYCRD or C you will see a screen that will let you inverse by coordinates rather than by point number and by pressing BYLIN or D you will be able to inverse between a point and a line defined by two other points These inverse routines simply display the results The data in your job file is not modified in any way You may wish to practice with the other inverse screens at this time BYPTS key will return you to the inverse between two point numbers CO GO 3 4 CO GO INTERSECTION As the next exercise in this chapter suppose that you want to find the point that represents the intersection of a line connecting poi
34. is called the Area Screen the area is in square meters and the perimeter is in meters This process works well for those areas that are bounded by lines between points which are numbered consecutively However suppose you want to compute some other area Take as an example the area bounded by lines that go from point 1 to 12 to 6 to 7 and back to 1 CO GO 3 9 CO GO smith Property 7 To solve this problem it is necessary for you to be familiar with the concept of the Point List In its simplest form the Point List is merely a way to define a sequence of point numbers that are not consecutive In reality it is a special kind of file in the machine that consists of a list of point numbers To solve this particular acreage problem you must do three things First you setup the Acreage Screen to compute area using that Point List Next you must specify the sequence of point numbers for the TDS COGO48 to use Finally press SOLVE Step 2 Note that the From point line in the Acreage Screen has the scrolling prompt symbol gt at the beginning of the line By pressing one of the horizontal cursor keys either lt or gt you will switch the expected boundary format from sequential to Using Point List Step 3 Next you must create the proper Point List file To do this press PTLST You will see the Point List Menu Choose G to see the Point List Screen NXT PT CURVE END
35. lines which is also the PI of the curve Use the Bearing Bearing option in the Intersection Screen fill out the screen as follows Please note that you need to press the key first before entering the bearing Curves 4 2 CURVES Intersection Azimuth Bearing Point 1 30 Distance gt gt Bearing S86 1230E Point 2 31 gt Bearing S44 5957W Store pt 32 SOLVE DFDIR __ EXT Press SOLVE after entering the above data When you are prompted for evelation enter 227 53 The coordinates of point 32 are PT NUM NORTHING EASTING ELE NOTE 5427 0004 5361 9419 227 53 PI OF CURVE Azimuth Bearing gt Distance HORIZONTAL CURVE SOLUTION Your next task is to put a 150 ft radius curve on this centerline Path Select Q from the Main Menu Press G for the Solving Horizontal Curve Screen Solving Horiz Curve Radius Degree Delta gt gt Radius 150 000 Delta Length Chord gt gt Pelta 48 4733 Tangent Mid ord Definition gt Arc lt Arc Chord SOLVE Layou EXIT To define a curve you need at least two of its parameters one that relates to its curvature and one that relates to its length The Solving Horizontal Curve Screen has two data input lines that relate to these two properties You may use the horizontal cursor keys or to set the prompt to the quantities you know Step 2 In this case the radius is given as 150 ft C
36. of the Point List It is described in greater detail in the Reference section Step 2 Now you need to determine the angular error of your traverse Press ERROR and the following screen is displayed Compute Angular Error for closed traverse Closing ang 91 0645 Angular error 0 0027 SOLVE TEXT When adjusting a closed traverse there are two methods that the TDS COGO48 can use to calculate the angular error If you have measured the closing angle you can enter that angle in the Closing ang field The closing angle is the circle angle from a backsight of the next to the last traverse point while occupying the closing point starting point and turning to the second point of the traverse The second method is to let the TDS COGO48 calculate the closing angle using the next to the last point the last point and the second point in the point list If the closing angle field equals zero then the closing angle will be calculated other wise the value in this field will be used as the closing angle Both methods calculate the angular error by adding together the internal angles at each traverse point The sum is then compared to N 2 180 where N equals the number of traverse points The difference is the angular error If you are adjusting an OPEN traverse you must enter both the observed or computed closing azimuth and the correct closing azimuth The Error Routine will calculate the difference between these to azimuths to determin
37. output lines will not allow the screen cursor to occupy the data field of the line See 5 below Some screens that require a significant amount of data input will not have an output region The solution will be shown on a separate output screen Reference R 3 REFERENCE Separate output screens normally follow immediately when data input is complete and the necessary function key is pressed 4 softkey Region Every screen will have the bottom row reserved for the definition of up to six softkeys which are activated by pressing the six keys in the top row of the TDS COGO48 The first five keys can be any of a variety of functions dependent on the particular screen being used See 8 below The sixth key will contain the label EXIT See 9 below 5 Data Entry Cursor In any screen which has an input region there will be a data entry screen cursor that will be positioned on the line that is active and ready to receive data from the keyboard The cursor is recognized by the fact that it shows the data in inverse video The cursor may be moved to the next legal input line by pressing either of the vertical cursor keys 4 V or by pressing ENTER The key will move the cursor to the previous data input line the W key will move it to the next following data input line When the cursor is in position at a data input field the field will only accept entries from the keyboard which are legal for the kind of data b
38. point is the number of the second known point Circular is the horizontal angle reading when sighting the second point Zenith ang is the zenith angle to the 2nd point Slope dist is the slope distance to the 2nd point Store pt is the number of the occupied point whose coordinates are to be determined HI is the height of the instrument above the unknown point on the ground HR is the height of the target on the rod above the ground SOLVE will solve for the coordinates of the unknown occupied point based on the contents of this and the previous screen It will also store these coordinates in the job file at the specified point number NOTE In both this and the previous screen if you are in the field and connected to an electronic total station pressing SOLVE will trigger the gun to collect the data for each point of the resection Reference R 40 REFERENCE RESECTION FROM THREE POINTS SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to determine the coordinates of an occupied point by field measurements angles to three known points Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu M Three Pt Resection 0 P2 0 0 0 0000 0 0000 ee 2 2 P1 is the point number of first known point P2 is the point number of the second known point P3 is the point number of the third known point P1 ang is the circular horizontal angle reading when sighting
39. review and edit coordinate data NEW JO Allow for the creation of a new job file JB INF Provide for a way of reviewing many of the important parameters of the currently active job PRE D A Lets you set a point to form a parcel of a specified size EARTH Will transfer you to the Earthwork Menu SLOPE Converts Zenith and Slope distance to horizontal and vertical distances 7 Set the operating modes ENTER DEL ENTER Bg EX 239 DR Displays the job files stored TDS COGO48 5 STK OUT Calculate the Direction and distance needed to performing a point stake Will transfer you to the Traverse Sideshot Screen Bring up the Angle Side Angle Triangle routines 2 WHERE Help the rod man to quickly find the next point relative to his own point of view during a point stake ADJUST Will transfer you to the Adjustment Menu go BS Bring up the Backsight Screen PLOT View a plot of a block of points in the TDS COGO48 screen display PRINT Bring up the Print Menu Reference R 10 REFERENCE ss Provide access to the Side Side Side Triangle routines Bring up the Side Side Angle Triangle routines ON CONT Return to the TDS COGO48 program after ESC to the operating system of the HP 48 e Bring up the Side Angle Angle Triangle routines Provide access to the Side Angle Side Triangle routines GLOBAL TOP ROW KEY COMMANDS In addition to the six softkeys whose functions change dependi
40. to before pressing SOLVE The Compass Rule routine can be set to adjust or not adjust the elevations Just set the Include Vertical Closure field to Yes or No depending on whether or not you want the elevations included CHANGE SCALE Within the Survey Adjustment selections there is also the ability to change the scale of your job This routine is useful either to convert a set of coordinates to or from the state plane grid or for modifying a job from feet to meters or from meters to feet This routine functions like the other adjustments you simply enter the range of point you want scaled a base point a point whose coordinates will not be changed and a scale factor You then press solve to adjust the scale Path From the Adjustment Menu select G Change scale Screen This screen is displayed below From pt To pt or Change Scale Using point list gt gt From point 1 To point 60 Base point 1 Scale factor 1 0000 Scale elevation Yes lt Yes No sove PTesT EXT The scale routine can be set to adjust or not adjust the elevations When converting to state plane coordinates you would typically not want the elevations changed However when changing the distance units you would You will not be changing the scale of this job It is presented here simply for reference Adjustments 7 8 ADJUSTMENTS The Change Scale routine changes the coordinates of your job
41. to change the prompt to another option by scrolling through options with the horizontal cursor keys Getting Started 2 6 GETTING STARTED THE KEYBOARD OVERLAY Your TDS COGO48 Card comes with an overlay which you may install on your HP 48 s keyboard to help you locate the alpha keys more easily and to mask the shifted function on the 48 which are not used by the TDS 48 The overlay also displays the shifted function of each key in purple for direct access to many of TDS COGO48 s most used routines The overlay appears as shown Overlay for TDS COGO48 7 ESC STO PRINT RCL MAIN 4 jn g Y nr dM E B C LA NE 4 M 4 NW 4 N d 4 AREA AZ lt gt BR INTRSC INVERS PT DIR RESCT2 G H K IL 4 A 4 x d M 4 4 x 2 H CURV 3P CRV TR CRV BENCH CORNER RESCT3 M N 0 p 0 2 d 4 A y b 4 4 V CURV GRADE PT amp TAN RAD PT LEVEL B vy m wW X NEW JOB OLDJOB EDCRD PRE D A JB INF p s 2 l x Z N OP MODE SLOPE EARTH PLOT N 4 g g Bh g 4 x 4 TR SS STK OUT DIR PRINT 4 P 4 d A ADJUST WHERE ASA SSS CONTOFF BS SAS SSA 480000 Getting Started 2 7 GETTING STARTED Note that the alpha keys printed in white are positioned to the right of the associated key The CONT and OFF functions printed in purple and green respectively are positioned above the ON key with w
42. to insert a curve in a point list Path from any screen which has a PTLST softkey press PTLST Point List Menu G Point List Screen CURVE Horiz Vert Curve Pl 0 P2 0 gt Radius 0 000 Turn gt Right Arc Small Right Left Beg grade 0 000 Small Large End grade 0 000 Radius Straight vert curve gt P1 is the first point on the curve P2 is the second point on the curve Radius is the radius of a horizontal curve Turn indicates that the horizontal curve will turn to the right or left of the forward tangent Arc indicates whether the arc is small less than 180 central angle or large greater than 180 central angle Beg grade 46 the beginning grade for a vertical curve for uphill for downhill End grade 96 is the ending grade for a vertical curve for uphill for downhill ENTER will place the curve in the Point List CLEAR POINT LIST COMMAND Purpose of screen to clear all entries in the point list allowing you to enter a fresh point list Path from any screen which has a PTLST softkey press PTLST Point List Menu H Selecting this command will delete all entries in the currently active point list Reference R 95 APPENDIX A Technical Specifications COGO Software Main Operating Functions job creation setup Traverse Sideshot single readings trig leveling CO GO areas elevation conversions intersectio
43. to organize the gathering of the data required to perform traverses and sideshots in the field Path From the Main Menu press J 3 0 0 Ang right Azimuth Bearing BS 0 Ang left Def right Def left gt Ang right 0 0000 Zenith ang Vert ang Chng elev gt Zenith ang 0 0000 Slope dist Slope dist Horiz dist Slope dist 0 000 HI 0 000 HR 0 000 SIDES BACKS TRAV EXIT OC is the currently occupied gun position point number FS is the point number of the foresight BS is the point number of the backsight If the backsight point is shown as 0 this indicates that the backsight has been specified as a known azimuth or bearing but not by point number Ang right Azimuth Bearing Ang left Def right Def left are the descriptions for the various ways that a horizontal angle may be entered Zenith ang Vert ang Ch elev Slope dist Slope dist Horiz dist these two lines scroll together to specify the various combinations of angles and distances or elevation changes and distances that may be used to enter field data into the TDS COGO48 HI is the height of the instrument above the point on the ground HR is the height of the target on the rod above the ground SIDES will take the information which has been input into the screen and will compute the coordinates of the foresight point as a sideshot from the occupied point These coordinates will be displayed dependin
44. to use in conjunction with the TDS COGO48 you will want to setup the HP 48 to access the TDS COGO48 software from a single softkey when you in the operating system This will facilitate a quick transfer back and forth from the Surveying Card software The process for doing this is 1 Type TDSCOGO in the command line To do this you will actually have to press the following keys SJ Qt Lo o T D S C O G O a 2 Press ENTER On an HP 48GX 3 Press lt MODES Even though the MODES function is printed on the keyboard in green you should use the purple shift key for this command 4 Press the MENU softkey which brings up a second group of softkeys Press the MENU softkey again it will not be the same key On an HP 48SX 3 Press le gt MODES Even though the MODES function is printed on the keyboard in orange you should use the blue shift key for this command 4 Press the MENU softkey Now if you are in the operating system of the HP 48 and you want to return to TDS COGO48 Surveying Card press CST and then the TDSCOGO softkey Printing amp Data Comm 9 6 PRINTING amp DATA COMM USING TDS COGO48 COORDINATE DATA IN YOUR OWN PROGRAMS Many of the data collection and computational needs of the professional land surveyor are included within the Menus and Screens of the TDS COGO48 Surveying Card However it is recognized that a user proficient in the programmi
45. 00 1990 0000 100 0000 2040 0000 1992 0000 100 0000 2060 0000 2020 0000 97 0000 2060 0000 2040 0000 96 0000 2040 0000 2000 0000 94 0000 2040 0000 2020 0000 86 0000 2040 0000 2040 0000 85 0000 2040 0000 2060 0000 96 0000 2020 0000 2000 0000 93 0000 2020 0000 2020 0000 81 0000 2020 0000 2040 0000 83 0000 2020 0000 2060 0000 98 0000 2000 0000 2000 0000 96 0000 2000 0000 2020 0000 93 0000 2000 0000 2040 0000 94 0000 2000 0000 2060 0000 99 0000 To practice with this example enter the data given above Next select the H option from the Earthwork Menu You will see the Borrow Pit Screen Number of corners 3 Datum elev 100 000 Corner 1 pt 1 Corner 2 pt 2 Corner 3 pt 15 Section 1 cur CLEAR EXIT Each section of the borrow pit as defined by the grid lines has either three or four point corners The northwest corner bounded by points 1 2 and 15 is a three corner section The section due east of that bounded by points 2 3 16 and 15 is a four corner section You may use the horizontal arrow keys to scroll from the three and four point sections in line 1 in this screen When you have chosen the proper section key in the point numbers for the corners Press the CUT softkey or the FILL softkey For the first section in our example you should key in points 1 2 and 15 for the corners select 100 feet for the datum the elevation of the surrounding ground then press
46. 05 00 5105 00 5105 00 5105 00 5105 00 5120 00 5120 00 5120 00 5120 00 5120 00 5140 00 5140 00 5140 00 5140 00 5145 00 5145 00 5145 00 Earth Work 8 3 EARTH WORK Obviously this data is contrived in order to simplify the task of keying them into the system For example actual field data will not have the northings of all of the points for a given station exactly the same However it is important that these northings be close in value The amount of variation in the northing value of cross section points for a given station is a measure of how far your rod man wandered from a true perpendicular to the control line The actual value of the northings of these points is ignored by the TDS COGO48 in doing earthwork calculations The earthwork screens allow you to key in the easting offsets and elevations from you field notes or you can use the Point List to setup the points along the respective cross sections In preparation for this you should key in the data given above at least for the first several stations It will be a new job Setup a job called BERM Key in the data using the Point Data Screen SJ Z Once you have the data keyed in from the Main Menu select I for Earthwork At this point it is wise to use the I Clear earth work data to clear any left over data from a previous calculation Then select G for the Average End Area method This will present you with the following screen Average End Area Station
47. 2 Volume Accumulation Screen sese R 23 Boorow Pit Screen essere R 24 Pit Volume Accumulation Screen s esses R 25 Clear Earthwork Data Command eese R 25 TRAVERSE SIDESHOT SCREEN eere R 26 Backsight Screen eet ele ere eren R 27 DIRECTORY SCREEN eh rre tte ti rere er rere een R 28 CO GO MENU Acreage Screen ise RI REIS deemed R 29 Azimuth lt gt Bearing Screen R 30 Vert Zenith amp Slope Screen sss R 31 Intersection 32 Define a Direction Screen 8 R 33 Inverse By Point Screen R 34 Inverse By Coordinates Screen essen R 35 Point To Line Inverse Screen essere R 36 Point In Direction R 38 Resection From Two Points Screen R 39 Resection From Three Points R 41 Compute Corner Angle Screen R 43 Shoot Benchmark Screen sess R 44 Where Is Next Point Screen R 45 Pre Determined Area SCreen ccccccccccccecsesscecececeesesssaeeeeeceees R 47 Parallel Pre Determined Area Screen R 49 Stakeout Computation Screen esse R 51 SURVEY ADJUSTMENT MENU
48. 4 R 11 Existing Job 2 17 R 16 EXIT 1 6 2 2 External 4 5 R 75 F Feet Units 2 14 7 8 R 29 File Formats B 1 File Transfer 9 4 R 92 FILL 8 5 8 11 FIRST 8 5 Foresight 6 3 R 26 R 44 R 51 FS 1 R 51 FS2BS 5 5 Function List A 1 G Geometry Calc 3 1 R 28 R 29 Go To Next Point R 45 Grade R 86 Grads 2 14 H Hardware Requirements 1 2 Height of Inst Rod R 26 Hi Low point R 86 R 87 Hinge Line Pre determ area 3 12 Horizontal Angle R 26 Curve 4 1 R 73 Distance R 26 INDEX Increment Foresight R 51 Installation 1 3 Intersection 3 5 4 2 R 32 INVRS 7 3 Inverse By Coordinates BYCRD 3 4 R 35 By Line BYLIN 3 4 R 36 By Points BYPTS 3 4 R 34 eje Job Create 2 15 R 15 R 22 Current Info 2 17 Delete 2 17 R 19 Name 2 15 R 15 R 17 Open 2 17 R 16 Job Information R 17 K Keyboard 2 7 Keyboard Overlay 2 7 R 8 za Large Arc R 94 LAYOU R 73 R 82 R 83 R 86 Length 4 5 R 75 Leveling Differential 5 5 Trigonometric 5 6 LINES 3 16 6 6 R 70 Long Side R 36 Index iii INDEX M MAIN 2 12 Memory 1 4 R 17 Menu 2 2 Meters Units 7 8 Metric see Units 2 14 Mid ordinate 4 5 R 75 Mode Alpha 1 5 2 3 MORE 2 2 4 5 5 4 Move Job 7 2 R 53 R 54 N Name Job 2 15 R 15 New Job 2 15 R 15 R 22 Next Point R 45 North South Azimuth 2 14 R 21 Northing 2 17 R 18
49. 50 5 42 6 0 74 1810 91 0713 498 91 This data is entered in the Two Point Resection screen Path Press the direct access key RESCT2 Or L As with all direct access keys it can also be found from the Main Menu then M CO GO menu and then L Resect 2P Step 1 Enter the data for this example as shown in the screen below Resection from 2 Pts First pt 6 Circular 0 0000 Zenith ang 88 1347 Slope dist 162 190 HI 5 420 HR 6 000 Step 2 Press SOLVE and TDS COGO48 will go on to the second point The next screen will appear Fill it out as shown below Second pt 1 Circular 74 1810 Zenith ang 91 0713 Slope dist 498 910 Store pt 50 HI 5 420 HR 6 000 jotvE LL Field Work 6 9 FIELD WORK Step 3 Again press SOLVE from this screen The TDS COGO48 will compute the coordinates of the new instrument position point 50 It will also compute the horizontal distance between the two known points calculated in this resection It will compare this distance with the distance between these points as determined from the known coordinates of these points stored in the SMITH coordinate file points 6 and 1 This measurement is expressed as a precision number for the resection In this example the precision of the resection to establish point 50 is reported as 1 343 272 which is approximately 1 in 1 343 272 BENCHMARK Since doing the boundary traverse you have found a benchmark from
50. 7 1172 5546 3166 5495 3966 5458 9932 5030 4187 5441 4769 5294 7205 5482 1770 5402 9749 5560 4586 5481 2542 Curves 4 9 CURVES AREA AND INSERTING A CURVE IN A POINT LIST You have now solved for the coordinates of all of the points that will make up the boundary of the driveway You have the end points of the driveway with 10 ft offsets the PCs PIs and PTs of the centerline and the boundary lines All that remains is to use the Acreage Screen to compute the area of the driveway However to do this properly you should specify that there is a curve between points 37 and 38 and another one between points 41 and 42 Thereby the Acreage Screen will compute the area based on the curved sides The Point List allows you to place a curve rather than a straight line between any two points in the list The procedure for doing this is key in a point on one end of the curve then press the CURVE softkey The Screen will prompt for information about the curve which you should fill in Path Press AREA or G from wherever you are to bring up the Area Screen Press PTLST or B for the Point list menu Press Clear Point List and Edit point list Step 1 The Point List sequence for this job is 36 ENTER 37 ENTER Step 2 Press CURVE and fill out the Horiz Vert Curve Screen as shown below then press ENTER Horiz Vert Curve P1 37 P2 38 Radius gt gt Radius 160 0000 Turn gt Left lt R
51. 9 REFERENCE DELETE JOB FROM CARD SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to delete a job from a RAM card in port 2 Path From the Main Menu press G Jobs Menu K Save amp recall job I This screen shows the names of the jobs that are stored on the RAM card in port 2 Move the scroll bar to the job that you want to delete by using the vertical cursor keys 4 and V Then press SELCT SELCT will delete the selected job file from the RAM card DELETE JOB SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow a job to be deleted from the TDS COGO48 Path From the Main Menu press G Jobs Menu L seret This screen shows the names of the jobs that have been created in the TDS COGO48 Move the scroll bar to the job you want to delete by using the vertical cursor keys 4 and V Then press SELECT SELCT will chose the highlighted name as the job to delete Reference R 20 REFERENCE SETUP SCREEN Purpose of screen allow you to set the operating modes of the TDS COGO48 Path From the Main Menu press H Setup Menu I Azimuth gt N azimuth lt N azimuth S azimuth Scale factor 0 0000000 Earth curve adj gt OFF lt OOFF ON Print trace gt OFF lt Storing pause gt OFF lt OFF ON Dist unit gt Feet lt Feet Meter Angle unit gt Degree lt Degree Grad OP Modes Beeper gt ON cont lt ON OFF Azi
52. Again TDS 48 will prompt you for an elevation The coordinates of point 17 will now be added to the SMITH job file You can plot point 17 if desired and you can check that the area is indeed 2 0 acres by returning to the Compute Area screen Press AREA or 3J IG Compute Area Use a new Point List that contains points 1 7 6 17 1 CO GO 3 13 CO GO THE MOVING PARALLEL LINE APPROACH Another way to calculate the points that bound a pre determined area is the Moving Parallel Line method With this method you section off a pre determined area by sliding a line up or down parallel to a known line of a four sided figure as shown below 2 smith Property ll __ From the COGO Menu select P Pre Determined Area Then press PARAL or D to bring up the Parallel screen Acre Square ft gt gt Acre Side 1 pt 2 Bearing gt gt Side 2 pt 2 Bearing gt gt Store 1st pt 18 2nd pt 19 SOLVE prb EXT CO GO 3 14 CO GO In order to setup a parallel predetermined area calculation you must define three lines or sides of the area The TDS COGO48 will determine the fourth side The middle line is the one that will be parallel to the side that is moved to obtain the predetermined area The two sides are entered into the screen The first point Pt 1 of these two lines defines the middle or parallel line Step 1 In the Parallel Moving Line screen define
53. COGO48 action is initiated by pressing one of the soft command keys at the bottom of the screen DESCRIPTION OF SCREENS In the sections of the reference manual that follow each screen will be described as follows First the title of the screen will be in a box at the top of the page This will be followed by the primary menu path to arrive at the screen If there are alternative paths to the screen they will also be given Next the screen itself is presented Alternative scrolling prompts are shown to the left of the screen picture Alternative scrolling data fields are shown to the right of the screen picture Below the screen picture are two framed groups of information The first framed group is reserved for a detailed description of each input and output line of the display The second framed group is reserved for a detailed description of the command softkeys The screens are organized within this reference section by class and order of screen At the end of the screen descriptions there is an alphabetical reference list of screens by title Reference R 14 REFERENCE NEW JOB SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow for the creation of a new named job file Path From the Main Menu press G Jobs Menu G New Job Job name Start point 0 Northing 0 0000 Easting 0 0000 Elev 0 0000 CREAT Job name is the name of new job file to be created Start point is the lowest numbere
54. DEL EDIT EXIT CO GO 3 10 CO GO If your Point List is not empty either press DEL repeatedly until it is empty or return to the Point List menu by pressing EXIT press H Clear Point List and finally press G Step 4 again to return to the Point List Screen The NXT PT line is where you key in the points that you want in this case 1 Key in 1 and press ENTER then 12 ENTER and so on through points 6 7 and back to 1 Notice how the point numbers are displayed in the screen as you key them in The point list should look like PT 1 PT 12 PT 6 PT7 PT 1 NXT PT You may now exit from the Point List Screen by pressing EXIT Press EXIT again to return to the Acreage Screen Finally press SOLVE to compute the area of this portion of the SMITH property The correct acreage is 2 495 acres Acreage gt Using point list Acreage 2 4951 Perimeter 1354 012 Square ft 108688 46 sove pTLsT EXT The Point List is used throughout the TDS COGO48 to specify points to be used in a variety of functions For example the Screen Plot Screen may use the point list to select only those points that you want to have shown in the display To get the most out of your TDS COGO48 be certain that you thoroughly understand the concept of the Point List It is described in greater detail in the Reference section You should practice using the Point List with several
55. DIR will transfer to the Define A Direction Screen LM ohh OccupiedPt 4 Horizo Reference R 38 REFERENCE RESECTION FROM TWO POINTS SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to determine the coordinates of an occupied point by field measurements angles and distances to two known points Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu L Resection from 2 Pts First pt 0 Circular 0 0000 Zenith ang 0 0000 Slope dist 0 000 HI 0 000 HR 0 000 SOLVE TEXT First point is the number of the first known point Circular is the horizontal angle reading when sighting the first point Zenith ang is the zenith angle to the first point Slope dist is the slope distance to the first point HI is the height of the instrument above the unknown point on the ground HR is the height of the target on the rod above the ground SOLVE will transfer to the Second Point Screen for this two point resection Back azimuth Lr Gun position UnknownPt a Circle angle 4 to first Pt Ist Pt Circle angle to second Pt 2nd Pt Reference R 39 REFERENCE SECOND POINT SCREEN Purpose of screen to complete the two point resection begun in the previous screen Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu L Resection From Two Points Screen SOLVE Second pt 0 Circular 0 0000 Zenith ang 0 0000 Slope dist 0 000 Store pt 0 HI 0 000 HR 0 000 SOLVE TEXT Second
56. Determine the coordinates of an unknown occupied point by field measurements angles and distances to two known points Solve for a curve that will pass through three known points Getting Started 2 8 GETTING STARTED TECRv Inciedeahorzonateuvematavens 7 known elevation of the foresight common corner point measurements angles to three known points vertical curve straight grade radius RAD i S T U Calculate the radius point of a curve with two points and one other parameter known XFER Will transfer you to the Transfer Screen LEVEL Provide access to the Trig leveling and Differential leveling routines Allow you to select an existing job to be opened X Y EN D JB INF Provide for a way of reviewing many of the important parameters of the currently active job 9 EARTH Will transfer you to the Earthwork Menu SLOPE Converts Zenith and Slope distance to horizontal and vertical distances Set the operating modes DR Displays the job files stored in the TDS COGO48 7 3 Bring up the Angle Side Angle Triangle routines WHERE Help the rod man to quickly find the next point relative to his own point of view during a point stake ADJUST Will transfer you to the Adjustment Menu DE i PT i ED CRD Provide a way to review and edit coordinate data NEW JOB Allow for the creation of a new job file D A i 5 4 TRSS Will transfer you to the Traverse Sideshot Scr
57. ERENCE INTERSECTION SCREEN Purpose of screen to find a point at the intersection of two lines emanating from two known points The intersection may be specified as two directions a direction and a distance or two distances Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu I Intersection Azimuth Bearing Point 1 0 Distance gt Azimuth 0 0000 Point 2 0 Azimuth Bearing gt Azimuth 0 0 00 Distance Store pt Es ci Point 1 is the point number of the first point from which the intersection line is to be defined Azimuth Bearing Distance is the known parameter from point 1 either an azimuth bearing or distance Point 2 is the point number of the second point from which the intersection line is to be defined Azimuth Bearing Distance is the known parameter from point 2 either an azimuth bearing or distance Store pt is the point number of the intersection point at which the coordinates should be stored SOLVE will compute the coordinates of the intersection point from the data provided in the screen and store these coordinates at the specified point number in the job coordinate file After SOLVE has been pressed the and may be used on the appropriate lines of this screen to see the other quantities to the intersection point For example if you have solved for a bearing bearing intersection you may display the distances from the two points to the inte
58. GO Next you want to connect from point 6 to point 17 but you do not want a line between and 6 Press PENU pen up key This command will lift the pen before moving to the next point Now press 6 ENTER and 17 ENTER Properly filled out your Point List should look like PT 1 7 PT PEN UP PT 6 PT 17 NXT PT CURVE END DEL EDIT EXIT Press EXIT twice to return to the Screen Plot Screen set the scrolling prompt to read Using point list and press LINES You should see a portion of the desired plot in the screen Remember to use the and WV keys to see the rest of the plot Don t forget to press the ON key to return back to the Screen Plot screen CO GO 3 16 4 CURVES In this Chapter be introduced to the Curve Menu Working with the coordinates of the SMITH job you will explore various Curve Screens of the TDS COGO48 and practice integrating the curve capabilities into the COGO routines HORIZONTAL CURVE ROUTINES Mr Smith wants to sell the two acre parcel of land that you previously created with the addition of point 17 Unfortunately the existing gravel driveway to his barn runs across this parcel Mr Smith would like you to design a new 20 ft wide driveway from his barn to a new access point along the western boundary of his remaining property He would like you to prepare a map of his property showing the barn and the driveway In addition
59. I Point of Intersection Radius Point Radius Length Arc Length Chord Length Tangent Length External Mid ordinate D Internal angle from center to tangent points Degree of Curvature Internal angle equivalent to a 100 ft zmdocx arc length Radius Degree of Curvature point 18 000 R x p Expressed in degrees minutes and seconds Step 4 Press MORE to see the values Mid ordinate 13 393 Segment 1116 687 Sector 9580 385 Fillet 624 292 These values will be automatically placed into any other curve screen where they are needed For example if you access the Traverse On A Curve screen now the radius and length will already be entered in the appropriate data fields Curves 4 5 CURVES FINDING THE PC AND PT To complete the curve you need to compute the coordinates of the Point of Curvature PC and Point of Tangency PT of the curved portion of the driveway You could do this from the curve parameters and the COGO functions but TDS COGO48 provides a special PI and Tangents Known screen that makes finding the PC and PT very simple Path From theMain menu press Q to Curve Menu select H Known PI and Tangent PI amp Tangents known PI point 32 Azimuth Bearing gt gt Azm PI gt PC 273 4730 Azimuth Bearing gt Azm PI gt PT 44 5957 Radius PC sto pt Radius pt soLvej LAvou cunv EXIT Step 4 Enter the following
60. IT Step 2 In like manner the other sideshots may be added to the file The figure below shows the relative locations of these points You may use the Screen Plot Screen feature to get a rough idea of the location of the points you have added to the file Field Work 6 12 FIELD WORK Traverse shots and sideshots can be taken intermixed There is not a limit to the number of sideshots that can be taken from any one occupied point Be mindful if you use the TRAV key that the point to be occupied next is shot last on each setup When the TRAV key is pressed the foresight point will be used to replace the occupy pt If your next occupied point is not to be your last shot from this setup then use the SIDES key and manually change the occupied point field when you move ahead Field Work 6 13 7 ADJUSTMENTS In this chapter you will learn several ways you can adjust your coordinates under various constraints You can scale your job or translate blocks of coordinates in any direction including elevation You can rotate blocks of coordinates about any point in the file through any specified angle You can also adjust a traverse using Angle Adjustment and then the Compass Rule This chapter is an introduction to TDS COGO48 s various adjustment routines You will be using the coordinates that were computed as a result of the SMITH survey Be certain that you have the SMITH job as the active job If you have not done the Fi
61. MENT RESTRICTED RIGHTS If the Program is acquired for use by or on behalf of a unit or agency of the United States Government the Program and Documentation are provided with Restricted Rights Use duplication or disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 and to all other regulations restrictions and limitations applicable to Government use of Commercial Software Contractor manufacturer is Tripod Data Systems Inc PO Box 947 Corvallis Oregon 97339 United States of America Should you have questions concerning the License Agreement or the Limited Warranties and Limitation of Liability please contact in writing Tripod Data Systems Inc PO Box 947 Corvallis Oregon 97339 United States of America MAN COGO 040599 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION Welcome to TDS COGO48 seen 1 1 System eene 1 2 Installing Your TDS COGO48 Card sss 1 3 Running the TDS COGOMAS sess 1 4 Exiting the TDS COGOMAS sese 1 5 Using a Ram Card With the TDS COGO48 1 6 Installing Ram Card esee 1 6 Managing Jobs With a Ram Card 1 6 How To Learn the System And How To Use This Manual 1 8 2 GETTI
62. NCE INVERSE BY COORDINATES SCREEN Purpose of screen to compute the inverse bearing and distance between two points expressed as coordinates Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu J Inverse By Points Screen BYCRD Begin N 0 0000 Begin E 0 0000 End N 0 0000 End E 0 0000 Bearing N00 0000E Azimuth 0 0000 Horiz dist 0 000 soLvE BYPTS BYLIN EXIT Begin N is the north coordinate of the first point on the line for which the inverse is to be computed Begin E is the east coordinate of the first point on the line for which the inverse is to be computed End N is the north coordinate of the second point on the line for which the inverse is to be computed End E is the east coordinate of the second point on the line for which the inverse is to be computed Azimuth output only is the azimuth of the line from the first point to the second point Bearing output only is the bearing of the line from the first point to the second point Horiz dist output only is the horizontal distance between the two points in this screen SOLVE will compute the azimuth bearing and distance between the points specified in the screen BYPTS will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the inverse between points specified by point numbers see above BYLIN will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the perpendicular bearing and distance from
63. NG STARTED Before Y ou Stakt coge ere D RR Ren are Re 2 1 Running Your TDS COGO48 sese 2 1 Men s Vs SCfeenS cete EE eire er reU 2 2 Hear eaten 2 2 SCIGEDS s recie PH FRE RR E PER EE RE Ra 2 4 the Keyboard Overlay sse 2 7 Top Row Shifted Function Keys sess 2 10 Data Entry Tips Rp ROUES 2 12 Interactive use of Menus and 2 13 Creating Your First 2 15 Other Job Related 2 17 3 FIRST JOB Practice with CO GO Practice with COGO 3 3 Inverse Between Points essen 3 4 Intersection eot tee Pe eie den 3 5 Point in 1 3 7 Acreage and the Point List esee 3 9 Calculate Pre Determined 3 12 the Moving Parallel Line 3 14 Plotting nne centered 3 15 Contents i CONTENT 4 CURVES Horizontal Curve Routines essere 4 1 Horizontal Curve Solution see 4 3 Finding the PC and PT eese 4 6 Compute Radius 4 7 Curve Through Three Points esee 4 7 Offsets of the Driveway
64. Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustment Menu L Transit Rule OPEN From point To point Transit Rule Using point list gt gt From point To point OPEN TRAVERSE Last point 0 Corr north 0 000 Corr east 0 000 SOLVE CLOSE PRECI EXIT From pt lt Using point list gt To point are the alternative methods of specifying the points that are to be included in the angular adjustment Last point is the last point number of the traverse Its coordinate and the correct north and east are used for computing the closure errors for the adjustment Correct north is the true northing of the last point Correct east is the true easting of the last point SOLVE will apply the Transit Rule to the points specified in the open traverse in the screen It will compute new coordinates for all points but the irst point and store these new coordinates in the job file PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen CLOSE will transfer to the Transit Rule Screen for closed traverses see above PRECI will compute the precision of the open traverse based on the original data The PRECT key should be used to check the precision before SOLVE is used Reference R 62 REFERENCE TRIANGLE SOLUTIONS MENU SCREENS THREE SIDES KNOWN SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to solve for the unknown elements of a plane triangle when you know the three sides Path From the Main Men
65. REEN The figure below is of an imaginary generic screen labeled to show the various features of real screens Secreen Title label label 125 2345 label 53 4565 label gt ABCDE label 123 456 label 987 654 0 None of the screens in the TDS COGO48 has all of these features However by understanding the nature of the generic features as shown in this screen you will have a firm understanding of the use of the real screens that you will encounter as you use the TDS COGO48 Each of the features is described by reference to the feature number as shown in the figure above 1 Screen Title The screen s title is shown in the top line of the display Some screens which require more lines of information will not show the title at all If the title is shown it will be in the top row 2 Input Region Some of the lines in the display are reserved for data input The left part of the line shows the label defining the data to be input The right side is where the data goes The input lines will allow the screen cursor to be placed in the data field of that line See 5 below Some screens that only show the results of computations will not have any input region 3 Output region Some of the lines in the display are reserved for data output the results of computations based on the contents of the input region The left part of the line shows the label defining the nature of the output The right side shows the output itself The
66. RS232 link or via the wireless infrared link Baud rate is the data communication rate expressed in baud Parity is the data communication parity setting even odd or none Start pt is the starting point if a block of points is to be sent End pt is the ending point if a block of points is to be sent SEND will cause the designated data to be sent from the TDS COGO48 to another device according to the established screen parameters RECV will setup the TDS COGO48 to receive data from another device according to the established screen parameters and store it as the named job SBLK will cause a block of data to be sent as determined by the start and end points in the screen The Start pt and End pt fields are only used when SBLK is pressed Reference R 93 REFERENCE POINT LIST SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to specify a block of points that are not consecutively numbered for a variety of operations within the TDS COGO48 You may also use the point list to specify a curve within the list of points as well as controlling several functions of the plotter Path from any screen which has a PTLST softkey press PTLST Point List Menu G NXT PT CURVE END DEL EDIT EXIT The Point List is a mechanism with which you can specify a block of points for some operations in TDS COGO48 You may build the list one point at a time or by specifying sequentially numbered points as gro
67. Radius point 35 2nd point 34 3rd point 33 Sto radius pt 0 Radius 150 000 Length 126 738 SOLVE DATA LAYOU TRAV EXIT The Curve Through 3 Points screen operates in two modes one allows you to solve for the curve using three points on the curve itself beginning point ending point and one other point on the curve The other solves for the curve using a known radius point and the begin and end points of the curve Curves 4 7 CURVES Step 1 Use the or on the scrolling prompt of the first line to select the Radius Point option Step 2 Enter the Radius Point as 35 Enter the 2nd Point as 34 Enter the 3rd Point as 33 In order to determine the curve you want solved the points must be entered in clockwise order Enter 0 as the Sto radius pt With 0 in the Sto radius pt field this routine will not store a radius point Step 3 Press SOLVE or A TDS COGO48 will solve for the curve and respond by displaying the radius and length Press DATA to display the results You have just verified that you have the correct curve in the driveway Offsets of the driveway Next let us set offset points at the ends of each segment of the centerline so that we can calculate the area of the drive T 4 w 30 36 9 we The boundary points of the driveway points 36 through 43 in the figure above may be located using the Point in Direction Screen in the COGO M
68. Square ft is the predetermined area expressed as acres or square feet From point Using point list To point These are the alternative methods of specifying a sequence of points that are to make up the boundary of the parcel Pt on line Bearing is the technique for describing the direction of the first side of the parcel Store pt is the point number of the unknown boundary point whose coordinates are to be determined Line brg output only is the bearing of the missing last boundary line of the parcel Line dist output only is the length of the first line segment of the parcel Reference R 47 REFERENCE SOLVE will solve for the unknown point coordinates based on the input information in the screen and will store these coordinates into the current job file at the specified point number PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen DFDIR will transfer to the Define a Direction Screen In this way the bearing of the first line may be computed from two points on the line PARAL will transfer to the Parallel Pre determined Area Screen an alternative technique for bounding a pre determined area see below This line swings oe about the hinge pt Direction of this os the proper p ast pt in line required sequence ED Hinge pt Unknown _ p point Q Area kt D Nee point in sequence NOTE If the distance units setting has been spe
69. Step 1 Set up your instrument on a point where you can read your graduated rod on both the Backsight and the foresight Enter the elevation or point number of the backsight point In our example enter 132 82 Step 2 Observe the rod reading on the backsight and enter it in the BS rod reading 24 38 Step 3 Observe the rod reading on the foresight and enter it in the FS rod reading 3 11 Step 4 Press SOLVE to calculate the elevation of the instrument and foresight They will be displayed on the last two lines of the screen as shown above The FS2BS key will transfer the elevation in the FS elev field to the BS elev field in preparation for your next positioning and observations Triangles 5 5 TRIANGLES Graduated Rod Backsight Foresight Backsight Foresight Known Benchmark Turning Point Known Benchmark TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING The Trig leveling routine allows you to compute the vertical distance between a point on a vertical plane and the horizontal plane of the instrument Path From the Main Menu press O Triangle Solutions Menu then M Trig Leveling to display the following Trig Leveling Station elv Station pt gt Station elv 253 91 Hi 5 26 Horiz dist 147 620 gt Zenith 86 5822 Target elv 162 026 VD hor plan 2 676 Zenith Vert ang gt SOLVE 11 Step 1 Start by entering Station elv as 253 91 and the as 5 26
70. TDS COGO48 COGO Card User s Manual For use with the HP 48 Tripod Data Systems Inc 1991 1994 All Rights Reserved TRIPOD DATA SYSTEMS SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT IMPORTANT BY OPENING THE SEALED MEDIA PACKAGE YOU ARE AGREEING TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY Agreement THIS AGREEMENT CONSTITUTES THE COMPLETE AGREEMENT BETWEEN YOU AND TRIPOD DATA SYSTEMS INC Licensor CAREFULLY READ THE AGREEMENT AND IF YOU DO NOT AGREE WITH THE TERMS RETURN THE UNOPENED MEDIA PACKAGE AND THE ACCOMPANYING ITEMS including written materials and binders or other containers TO THE PLACE WHERE YOU OBTAINED THEM FOR A FULL REFUND LICENSE LICENSOR grants to you a limited non exclusive license to i install and operate the copy of the computer program contained in this package Program on a single computer one central processing unit and associated monitor and keyboard and ii make one archival copy of the Program for use with the same computer LICENSOR retains all rights to the Program not expressly granted in this Agreement OWNERSHIP OF PROGRAMS AND COPIES This license is not a sale of the original Program or any copies LICENSOR retains the ownership of the Program and all subsequent copies of the Program made by you regardless of the form in which the copies may exist The Program and accompanying manuals Documentation are copyrighted works of authorship and contain valua
71. a detailed Reference Manual which describes all of the functions of the TDS COGO48 It is organized in the order that the screens and menus appear in the program Use the Tutorial to master the basic operation of the TDS COGO48 at that time learning the rules of the road and working through the example problems Then you should need to use the Reference Manual only to answer specific questions about detailed operations of a particular function The tutorial will not cover every screen or routine in the TDS COGO48 however it will explain in detail each type of procedure It will have several examples of CO GO and curve routines TDS software products are all very consistent in their layout and use If you learn one CO GO calculation you have a good idea how to use them all The more you use a part of your product the more familiar you are with that product as a whole If you are familiar with a routine in one product you already know how to use that routine in another product Using the TDS COGO48 is the best way to learn it Introduction 1 8 2 GETTING STARTED In this chapter you will start to use your TDS COGO48 You will initialize the unit by selecting the various setting for your TDS COGO48 You will learn how the features and functions in the TDS COGOMAS are organized and how the various kinds of data are stored Finally you will create your first job BEFORE YOU START Before you start you should be certain that you have i
72. above solutions will setup parameters The procedure for not bring your 48 back to clearing memory is to hold down the ON life try removing the 3 the A and the F keys all at the same AAA batteries from the 48 time Release them all and the 48 will and let it set over night with display Try to Recover Memory the batteries out In the Press A for YES and the 48 will try to morning test the batteries recover the memory and a clear will not be and replace if necessary performed If you respond with an F for Ifyour 48 is still dead NO this will clear all calculator main contact HP for repairs memory The 48 expansion card is not Try the following recognized or is having a e Cleaning the gold contacts on the end of problems You may be receiving the card If the card has a stainless steel one of the following prompts plate it will slide up under the cards WARNING Invalid Card Data case to reveal the gold contacts Clean No RAM Card in Port 2 these contacts with an alcohol damp Low Battery in Port 2 not wet cotton swab With the HP 48 OFF remove the card and reinstall it making sure it is well seated in the port Battery Recommended replacement schedule HP 48 Main AAA Typically every 30 days when used as a data collector RAM card Lithium Appendix C 6 INDEX a 2 3 A or V4 2 4 2 5 2 Pt Resection 6 8 A A2B R 30 Acreage 3 9 R 29 Adjustment 7 1 R 52 Angle Adjus
73. ake you may reposition the scroll bar over the erroneous entry and key in the correct information The TDS COGO48 takes its action for any particular screen only in response to a direct command from you These commands are usually issued by pressing one of the softkeys labeled in the bottom row of the display After you have pressed CREAT the TDS COGO48 will establish the job SMITH The TDS COGO48 will display the Current Job Info Screen so that you may review the status of the current job Press EXIT from this screen to return to the Jobs Menu OTHER JOB RELATED FUNCTIONS Getting Started 2 16 GETTING STARTED Within the Job Menu there is the ability to handle a number of other job file related tasks Job Menu Create new job Open existing job Current job info Edit coordinates Save amp recall job Delete job The number of jobs that you can store in your TDS COGO48 at one time is limited only by the total memory of the machine You can establish any number of jobs exactly as you have established SMITH To switch between jobs that have already been created use the H Open existing job key from the Jobs Menu You have seen the Current job info screen already after you created the Smith job By pressing I Current job info you can recall this screen to view information about the current job At this time let us enter a second set of coordinates for practice Press J Edit coordinates from the Jobs Menu You wil
74. area of a parcel of land AREA Compute the area of a parcel of land H AZ lt gt BR Converts Azimuths to Bearings or visa versa I INTRSC Find a point at the intersection of two lines Hd E line o Ld known point a direction and distance L RESCT2 Determine the coordinates of an unknown occupied point by field measurements angles and distances to two known points IECURY Solve forthe properties ofa horizontal cuve EX Solve for a curve that will pass through three known points TR TR CRV Include a horizontal curve in a traverse Include a horizontal curve in a traverse horizontal curve in a traverse Compute the elevation of the occupied point given the known elevation of the foresight Reference R 9 REFERENCE CORNER Compute the angle made by two lines that meet at a O E ammon omeo poime RESCT3 Determine the coordinates of an occupied point by field S V CURV Compute the elevations at various stations along a EE T GRADE Solve for the elevation at various stations along a a U PI amp TAN Solve for the PC and PT with known PI tangents and Eu ms rd RAD PT Calculate the radius point of a curve with two points and D parameter Ta Will transfer you to the Transfer Screen X LEVEL Provide access to the Trig leveling and Differential leveling routines OLDJOB Allow you to select an existing job to be opened ED CRD Provide a way to
75. ation at which that elevation occurs and display it in the station line of this screen STA will increment the current station line in the display by an amount equal to the station interval Reference R 89 REFERENCE STRAIGHT GRADE SCREEN Purpose of screen to solve for the elevation at various stations along a straight grade Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu M Straight Grade Sta 1 O 0 000 Elev 1 0 000 Grad 0 000 Sta intvl 0 000 Sta 2 O 0 000 Elev 2 0 000 S E E S star fT EXT Sta 1 is the station number of a station with a known elevation Elev 1 is the elevation at Sta 1 Grade 406 is the grade of the section for uphill for downhill Sta intvl is the interval to the next station Sta 2 is the station number of the next station Elev 2 is the elevation of the next station S gt E will assume the station in the Sta 2 line compute the elevation at that station and display it in the Elev 2 line of this screen E gt S will assume the elevation in the Elev 2 line compute the station at which that elevation occurs and display it in the Sta 2 line of this display STA will increment the Sta 2 line in the display by an amount equal to the station interval Station2 gag _ grade Station 1 Reference R 90 REFERENCE PRINT MENU SCREENS PRINT POINTS SCREEN Purpose of screen to print out the coordinates of a block of
76. be displayed to confirm that the point is to be overwritten RCL will temporarily shift to a recall point number screen You may then specify the point number to be recalled and press ENTER to return to the Point Data Screen UNUS will display the next occurrence of an unused point with a point number greater than the current point number in the file Reference R 18 REFERENCE SAVE JOB TO CARD SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to copy a coordinate file to a RAM card in port 2 of an HP 48 Path From the Main Menu press G Jobs Menu K Save amp recall job G seret This screen shows the names of the jobs that are stored in the HP 48 s system memory Move the scroll bar to the job you want to copy by using the vertical cursor keys 4 and V Then press SELCT SELCT will copy the selected job from the system memory to the RAM card RECALL JOB FROM CARD SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to copy a job from a RAM card in port 2 to the system memory where it can then be opened Path From the Main Menu press G Jobs Menu K Save amp recall job H This screen shows the names of the jobs that are saved on the RAM card in port 2 Move the scroll bar to the job you want to copy to the HP 48 system memory by using the vertical cursor keys 4 and V then press SELCT SELCT will copy the highlighted job from the RAM card to the system memory Reference R 1
77. ble trade secrets and confidential information proprietary to LICENSOR You agree to exercise reasonable efforts to protect LICENSOR S proprietary interest in the Program and Documentation and maintain them in strict confidence USER RESTRICTIONS You may physically transfer some Programs from one computer to another provided that the Program is operated only on one computer Other Programs will operate only with the computer that has the same security code and cannot be physically transferred to another computer You may not electronically transfer the Program or operate it in a time sharing or service bureau operation You agree not to translate modify adapt disassemble decompile or reverse engineer the Program or create derivative works based on the Program or Documentation or any portions thereof TRANSFER The Program is provided for use in your internal commercial business operations and must remain at all times upon a single computer owned or leased by you You may not rent lease sublicense sell assign pledge transfer or otherwise dispose of the Program or Documentation on a temporary or permanent basis without the prior written consent of LICENSOR TERMINATION This License is effective until terminated This License will terminate automatically without notice from LICENSOR if you fail to comply with any provision of this License Upon termination you must cease all use of the Program and Documentation and return them and any copies thereo
78. cale Change 6 7 7 8 R 52 Scale Factor 2 14 R 21 R 24 R 52 Screen Plot 3 15 6 6 R 72 Screen Print 9 3 Screen Tree Map R 6 Scrolling Prompt 2 5 Sector 4 5 Segment 4 5 SELCT 9 4 R 16 R 19 R 20 Select a File 2 17 R 16 SEND 9 4 R 92 Send Files R 92 Setup 2 14 Baud Rate amp Parity 9 2 9 4 R 91 Modes R 21 R 24 Print 9 2 R 91 Shoot Benchmark R 44 Shot R 23 R 26 Side Angle Angle 5 2 Side Angle Side 5 2 INDEX Side Side Angle 5 2 Side Side Side 5 2 SIDES 6 12 R 23 R 26 Sideshot 6 12 R 23 R 26 Size Memory 1 4 R 17 Slope Distance 6 4 R 26 Small Arc 4 11 R 94 Softkey Acsses 2 4 9 6 SOLVE 2 5 3 4 4 4 6 9 7 2 South Azimuth 2 14 R 21 R 24 Square Area 3 9 R 29 SSA 5 2 SSS 5 2 STA R 76 to R 89 Stakeout Point Stake R 51 Starting Point R 15 R 92 STOPG 9 8 STORE 2 11 2 17 Store Points Co Go 3 6 R 38 R 40 R 47 R 82 Create Change 2 17 R 18 Trav Sideshot 6 4 R 23 R 26 Storing Data 9 8 Storing Pause 2 14 R 21 R 26 Straight Grade R 89 Survey Adjustments 7 1 R 52 T Tangent 4 5 R 75 Forward R 85 R 94 Technical Specifications A 1 Topo 6 11 Transfer Elevation R 44 Transfer File 9 4 R 92 Translate Job 7 2 R 53 TRAV 6 4 R 26 R 83 Index v INDEX Traverse 6 2 W Adjustments R 55 to R 61 On a Curve R 85 Where is Next Point R 45 Triangle Solutions 5 1 Wire R 91 R 92 Trigonometric Leveling
79. can be made from this menu Pressing the MORE key will display the remaining options The EXIT key will then return you to the original set of options As an example of how this works consider the Curve Menu The MAIN MENU is large enough to require two displays You may access the second display by pressing MORE from the MAIN MENU and viewing the choices M through S As you become familiar with the TDS COGO48 you will learn the frequently used letters in the MAIN MENU You can access the choices in the second screen from the first screen by pressing the appropriate letter directly The Curve Menu is choice Q Press Q and see the Curve Menu Arbitrarily choose G Horizontal Curve This presents you with the Solving Horiz Curve Screen in the display This is the screen where you will solve your horizontal curve problems You will practice with this screen in the next section Now press the EXIT softkey three times Pause each time to notice how the TDS COGOMAS returns to the previous MENU in the MENU tree Finally you arrive back at the first display of the MAIN MENU NOTE In the HP 48 the top row of keys are used for the alpha keys A F as well as for the softkeys For this reason all Menu labels in the TDS COGO48 will begin with the letter G Since there is no ambiguity in MENUS between menu selection keys and softkeys it is not necessary to press the key prior to making a menu screen selection Getting Sta
80. cified as meters in the Operating Modes Screen the area specification in this screen must be input as square meters All output distances will be in meters Reference R 48 REFERENCE PARALLEL PRE DETERMINED AREA SCREEN Purpose of screen To allow a pre determined area to be bounded by a sequence of boundary points and an unknown line that is parallel to a known line Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu Q Pre determined Area Screen PARAL Acre Square ft gt qs pt 2 Bearing gt 2 1 pt 2 Bearing gt gt 2 Store 1st pt 2nd pt SOLVE prb EXT Acre Square ft is the predetermined area expressed as acres or square feet Side 1 Pt 1 is the first point that defines the first side of the parcel Pt 2 Bearing is the second point or bearing that defines the first side of the parcel Side 2 Pt 1 is the first point that defines the second side of the parcel Pt 2 Bearing is the second point or bearing that defines the second side of the parcel Note The line that defines the bearing of the unknown line is the line that connects the two Pt 1 s above Store 1st pt is the point number of the intersection of the unknown boundary line with line 1 Store 2nd pt is the point number of the intersection of the unknown boundary line with line 2 SOLVE will solve for the unknown point coordinates based on the input information in the screen and wi
81. ctions plotted for the actual terrain of a proposed stretch of new road You have overlaid your road template at each cross section so that each plot appears as shown below Actual Terain Cross Section 12 Road 9 Template The elevations from a consistent datum and the offset from the centerline of each of the points shown in the figure are given in the table below 1 106 0 63 0 2 109 0 43 0 3 110 5 22 0 4 111 0 2 0 5 110 5 21 0 Earth Work 8 8 EARTH WORK In this case you will use the Average End Area Screen in the Earthwork Menu However instead of using the point list to specify points to be used to compute the areas at each cross section you will key in the elevation and offset of each point that makes up the cross sectional area The elevation may be measured from any datum The offset may be measured from any control line such as the centerline of the road shown here After you have keyed in the elevation and offset of each point you should use the ENTER F1 softkey to move to the next point The Point count line in the Screen will keep track of how many points you have keyed in You may move around the figure in either clockwise or counterclockwise directions keying in the elevations and offsets of the points that make up the border of the area to be computed After the last point has been keyed in for a particular station the Current area line and the Volume lines on the screen will dis
82. d and not the system memory that job must first be copied to the system memory as described above NOTE It is possible to recall a job from a RAM card that was created using a TDS Survey Card or Survey Pro card but keep in mind that the TDS COGO card does not support point descriptors and therefore it will not import them Introduction 1 7 INTRODUCTION HOW TO LEARN THE SYSTEM AND HOW TO USE THIS MANUAL The best way to learn the TDS COGO48 System is to sit down and use it You will find the user interface to be very intuitive and easy to master This is due primarily to the consistency within the TDS COGO48 which has been widely accepted within the surveying community The TDS COGO48 utilizes a combined Menu and Screen user interface Screens make appropriate use of the HP 48 s softkeys These six keys across the top of the keyboard are defined as is appropriate to each job A one word explanation of these keys is always shown in the bottom row of the 48 s screen After you ve learned a few rules of the road Chapter 2 the most effective way to master any feature of the TDS COGO48 is to go ahead and press some keys See what happens You can t hurt the TDS COGO48 This User s Manual is organized into two major sections The Tutorial consists of introductory material and a series of examples which teach the various features of TDS COGO48 system in a step by step fashion The second section consists of
83. d Work 6 6 FIELD WORK The Plot pt number field allows you to turn ON or OFF the plotting of point numbers You may also want to see what happens when you press POINT NOTE The first time that you do a screen plot after you have opened a job the TDS COGO48 will automatically set the scale for all screen plots for that job The TDS COGO48 will search the coordinate file and select a scale that will plot all of the specified points in such a way that they will completely fill the virtual display as shown in the above figure If you subsequently add new points that enlarge the area of your plot the scale and location of the points will not change for this job unless you press SCALE Pressing SCALE in the Screen Plot Screen will re compute the scale and location of the plotted points based upon the new group of selected points VIEW COORDINATE As you learned in Chapter 2 you can view your coordinates in the Edit coordinate screen CRD or SJ Z The screen for point 1 is displayed below Point Data Point zl Northing 5000 0000 Easting 5000 0000 Elev 100 0000 PT PT STORE RCL UNUS EXIT You can use the PT PT and PT PT keys to review coordinates The RCL key can be used to jump directly to a specified point number and the UNUS key will find the next larger unused point number A list of coordinates for points 1 8 can be found at the beginning of the next chapter adjustment
84. d input field To copy a numeric value first highlight the field that you want to move it to then press 3 and RCL or E keys MAIN lt F The MAIN function will allow you to return to the MAIN MENU from any other menu or screen in the TDS COGO48 It is a shortcut method of returning to the Main Menu home base without pressing EXIT repeatedly as described above If you would like to see the complete MENU tree for the TDS COGO48 and identify the kinds of surveying problems that can be solved with the TDS COGO48 there is a Screen tree map at the beginning of the Reference Manual Just to be sure that you understand this concept practice moving around the various MENUS and SCREENS using the alpha and EXIT keys Use the Menu tree in the Reference Manual as a guide DATA ENTRY TIPS Throughout the TDS COGO48 program you can use a short cut method for entering Directions Angles or Distances If the highlighted input field is expecting a Direction Angle or Distance and the desired value is defined by points in your current job you can enter those points separated by a e If in the previous Horizontal Curve Solution example the radius desired was defined by points 53 and 147 and the delta was defined by 147 53 and 204 then you could enter 53 147 in the Radius field and 147 53 204 in the Delta field The TDS COGO48 program will calculate the distance of the radius and the angle o
85. d point for this job Once this number has been selected you may not use a smaller point number in this job Northing is the north coordinate for the start point Easting is the east coordinate for the start point Elevation is the elevation for the start point CREAT will establish the job file for this job with the parameters selected as shown in the screen NOTE If your starting point for the survey is not the lowest numbered point you should still specify the lowest numbered point as the Start point line The starting point number is the lowest point number that you can use in this job Reference R 15 REFERENCE OPEN EXISTING JOB SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to select an existing job to be opened Path From the Main Menu press G Jobs Menu H SELCT PGUP Peon f EXIT This screen shows the names of the jobs that have been created in the TDS COGO48 Move the scroll bar to the job you want to open by using the vertical cursor keys 4 and WV Then press SELCT SELCT will chose the highlighted name as the job to open PGUP will move the display up a page PGDN will move the display down a page Reference R 16 REFERENCE CURRENT JOB INFO SCREEN Purpose of screen to provide for a way of reviewing many of the important parameters of the currently active job Path From the Main Menu press G Jobs Menu I Current Job Info Job name
86. d the horizontal distance from the rest of the information in the screen FS 1 will increment the foresight number in the screen by one This is useful when you have completed staking a point and you want to move on to the next one FS 1 will also perform the SOLVE command on the point after incrementing the point number Reference R 51 REFERENCE SURVEY ADJUSTMENT MENU SCREENS CHANGE SCALE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to change the coordinates of a block of points to reflect a change in the relative distances between them Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustment Menu G From point To point Change Scale Using point list gt gt From point To point Base point Scale factor 0 0000000 Scale elevation gt Yes lt Yes No sove PTesT EXT From point To point Using point list allows you to specify all points which are to be included in the scale factor adjustment Base point the Origin point for the scale factor adjustment The coordinates of the base point will not change Scale factor the amount of change of the relative linear distance between the points as defined in the screen Scale elevation specifies whether or not vertical distances should be scaled SOLVE will compute the new coordinates for all of the points selected except the base point so that the relative distance between them will be changed by multiplying the existing dista
87. d values on the screen FS2BS will transfer the foresight elevation computed to the backsight elevation field to allow you to check your readings Graduated Rod M Backsight Foresight Backsight Foresight Known Benchmark Known Benchmark Reference R 68 REFERENCE TRIGONOMETRIC LEVELING SCREEN Purpose of screen to compute the elevation of a point based on the elevation of another point in the same vertical plane the vertical angle between the two points and the horizontal distance to the vertical plane Path From the Main Menu press O Triangle Solutions Menu M Trig Leveling Station elv gt Station elv 0 HI 0 000 Horiz dist 0 000 gt Vert ang 0 0000 Target elv 0 000 VD hor plan 0 000 SOLVE TEXT Station elv Station point allows you to specify the elevation of the instrument point either as an elevation or a point number which has a known elevation HI the height of the instrument above the ground Horiz dist the horizontal distance from the instrument point to the vertical plane containing the two points Vert ang Zenith gt Vert ang Zenith allows you to specify the angle between the horizontal plane and the target point Target elv output only the elevation of the target VD hor plan output only the vertical distance from the target to the horizontal plane of the instrument Reference R 69 REFERENCE SOLVE wil
88. e the error The Compute Angular Error for open traverse screen is displayed below Adjustments 7 5 ADJUSTMENTS Step 3 Compute Angular Error for open traverse Computed azm 0 0000 Correct azm 0 0000 Angular error 0 0000 SOLVE TEXT We will let the routine calculate the closing angle Make sure the closing angle is 0 and press the SOLVE key to compute the angular error You can now view the angular error as 0 0027 and decide if the closure is acceptable If so press EXIT to return to the Angle Adjust screen and press SOLVE to adjust the traverse angles The angular error is divided by one less than the number of traverse points The internal angle at each traverse point is adjusted by this fraction of the total error starting from the third point in the traverse At this point the traverse has the correct sum of internal angles for a 7 sided polygon Points 1 and 8 do not yet close but the internal angles are adjusted NOTE It is not necessary for the traverse points to be in numerical order in order to perform an adjustment If they are not in numerical order use the Point List to specify the order of the traverse points If sideshots were taken from the occupied points during the traverse they may be included in an adjustment as sideshots In the Point List following the occupied point from which the sideshot was taken keying in S S SPACE and the point number SS By including your sid
89. e total volume and transfer to the Pit Volume Accumulation Screen FILL will compute the volume of the specified section of the pit subtract it from the total volume and transfer to the Pit Volume Accumulation Screen CLEAR will clear all accumulated data from the Borrow Pit calculations Reference R 24 REFERENCE PIT VOLUME ACCUMULATION SCREEN Purpose of screen Calculates the volume of a borrow pit Path From the Main Menu press I Earthwork Menu H Borrow Pit Screen CUT or FILL _ Section output only is the total number of borrow pit sections that have had their volumes accumulated Volume Qyd output only is the current section volume in cubic yards Volume Qft output only is the current section volume in cubic feet Total V Qyd output only is the total volume of the job in cubic yards for a cut for a fill Total V Qft output only is the total volume of the job in cubic feet for a cut for a fill CLEAR EARTHWORK DATA Purpose of command to clear the accumulated earthwork data from all earthwork screens Path From the Main Menu press I Earthwork Menu I This is actually a command issued from the Earthwork Menu rather than a Screen It is particularly useful if you suspect that you have made a mistake during the earthwork procedure and you would like to start over Reference R 25 REFERENCE TRA VERSE SIDESHOT SCREEN Purpose of screen
90. econds MORE will show the value of the mid ordinate Segment and Sector Then pressing the EXIT key will return to the previous screen Reference R 76 REFERENCE PC DEFLECTION SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to layout a horizontal curve by deflection angles from the PC Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu G Horizontal Curve Screen LAYOU Horizontal Curve Layout Menu G PC Deflection PC sta 0 0 000 Curr sta 0 0 000 Sta intvl 0 000 Def angle 0 0000 Long chord 0 000 Short chord 0 000 SOLVE STA EXIT PC sta is the station number of the PC Your gun should be occupying the PC and backsighting the PI Curr sta is the station number of the current station Sta interval is the interval from the current station to the next station Def ang output only is the deflection angle from the PC PI line to the next station assuming the current station is occupied Long chord output only is the length of the chord from the next station to the PC Short chord output is the length of the chord from the next station to the current station SOLVE will compute the deflection angle and chord lengths from the screen data STA will increment from the current station to the next station using the assigned station interval Reference R 77 REFERENCE PI DEFLECTION SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to layout a horizontal
91. ected to a TDS COGOAS Link but you cannot get them to communicate or 2 The HP 48 s battery warning is set to Survey Link has worked in the alert you to the fact that the batteries are past but now you cannot get it almost too low to run the calculator The to communicate HP 48 communication port takes more or current to run than the calculator You are able to communicate itself and will stop communicating long with your with instrument but before the battery warning will come not with your PC on Changing batteries will often correct communication problems If you are able to transfer part of a file and each try transfers less of the file the problem is probably batteries 3 If the communication port you are using is also used by any other device check to see if that device uses a device driver You should not share a port with a mouse or digitizer because each of these has a device driver that takes control of the port and may prevents Survey Link from seeing incoming data 4 Do not allow your HP 48 nor its cable to sit over a digitizer A digitizer emits a powerful electromagnetic field that will interrupt communications and can course memory loss or other serious problems i the 48 If your TDS COGO48 or its PC cable passes near a digitizer move them and retry your transfer Appendix C 2 TROUBLE SHOOTING 5 The HP 48 has a built in self test that can indicate a problem with the RS232 port Press the
92. ecting a distance as its input data TDS COGO48 will calculate a distance If the field is expecting an angle you can enter three point numbers separated by hyphens The TDS COGO48 will calculate the angle starting from the first point number through the middle point and turning angle right to the last point Step 2 Now press SOLVE The TDS COGO48 will give you an opportunity to specify an elevation before adding point 9 to the job file Key in 227 53 when you are prompted You may review the coordinate values of point 9 by pressing ED CRD or SJ Z Press RCL and key in 9 for the point number in response to the prompt The coordinates are shown as Point Data Point 9 Northing 5136 2764 Easting 5308 4617 Elev 227 5300 PT STORE RCL UNUS EXIT CO GO 3 6 CO GO POINT IN DIRECTION From the previous inverse example you know that the horizontal distance between points 1 and 2 is 711 404 ft Assume that you want to create 7 new points at 100 ft intervals along the line between points and 2 You can do this with the Point In Direction function Path From the COGO Menu press K to access the Pt in Dir screen You should see Point in Direction Occupy pt 1 Azimuth Bearing gt gt Azimuth 3 4730 Horiz dist 100 000 ang 0 0000 Store pt 10 SOLVE pror EXT As in the Inverse or intersection Screen the procedure to solve this problem is to bu
93. een 3 2 TER EL Lets you set a point to form a parcel of a specified size STK OUT Calculate the Direction and distance needed to performing a point stake Getting Started 2 9 GETTING STARTED go BS Bring up the Backsight Screen PLOT View a plot of a block of points in the TDS COGO48 screen display PRINT Bring up the Print Menu ss Provide access to the Side Side Side Triangle routines 894 Bring up the Side Side Angle Triangle routines ON CONT Return to the TDS COGO48 program after ESC to the operating system of the HP 48 SAA BringuptheSide Angle Angle Triangle routines Bring up the Side Angle Angle Triangle routines the Side Angle Angle Triangle routines t access to the Side Angle Side Triangle routines TOP ROW SHIFTED FUNCTION KEYS The five direct access keys on the top row are in some ways different from the rest of the direct access keys They perform a specific function rather than bring up a screen or menu The functions they perform are ESC STO PRINT RCL and MAIN respectively These functions are described in more detail below ESC 3JIA The ESC Escape function allows you to escape temporarily from the TDS COGO48 program and return to the main operating system of the HP 48 This function will also bring with it the value of the field at the current cursor location and loads this value into the HP 48 operational stack at level 1 The
94. efining the current cross section and press AREA again to return to the Volume screen Since this is the first cross section you cannot compute a volume yet Press FIRST to enter this area as the first cross section Now EXIT back to the Average End Area screen Now redefine the point list to include the points on the cross section at station 0 20 These points are 4 5 6 and 7 Press the ENTER key and EXIT twice to return to the Average End Area Screen Now press the AREA softkey again to compute the cross section area Enter 20 for the station interval since the two cross sections are 20 feet apart If the cross section area displayed on the Current area line is correct press the CUT softkey In our example you will always press CUT because we are determining the volume of a berm being cut If you were determining the volume of a gully to fill you would press the FILL softkey Pressing CUT will compute the volume and update the Last area value This will also clear the Current area value Earth Work 8 5 EARTH WORK Last area 120 00 Curr area 202 500 Volume QYd 119 44 QFt 3225 00 Total V QYd 119 44 QFt 3225 00 FILL FIRST EXT If the area is not correct you should press the CLEAR softkey Then enter the correct data points Use either the correct point list or the elevation and offset from the screen Then press the AREA softkey to compute the area at t
95. eing entered For example it is not possible to key in alpha data into a field for which only numeric data makes sense such as a distance Entering alpha data into an input line requires pressing the 0 key once both before and after the entry NOTE Some screens will have more than one data input field contained within a single display line For example the Traverse Sideshot Screen shows both the occupied point and the foresight point on the top line It also shows the height of the instrument and the height of the rod on the same line just above the command softkey line To move the cursor from one data field to the other you still use the vertical cursor keys or W even though the cursor is moving sideways The horizontal cursor keys and are reserved for scrolling prompts and scrolling data 6 Scrolling Prompt Symbol Input lines which have a gt character before the line label provide you with a choice of the kind of data which may be keyed in to solve the problem represented by the screen For example in many cases angles may be keyed into TDS COGO48 as an azimuth or as a bearing The scrolling prompt gives you an opportunity to change the Reference R 4 REFERENCE prompt line label of the input line to match the kind of input data that you want to use To scroll change the prompt move the data entry cursor to the line in question and press either of the horizontal cursor ke
96. el 1 in the stack N Both the RCLPT function the STOPG function operate Se on the active job s coordinate file You may establish the active job by using the Jobs Menu and the Open an Existing Job Screen in the TDS COGO48 Printing amp Data Comm 9 8 REFERENCE This section of the manual presents the reference material about the TDS COGO48 Each screen is presented in a common and consistent format You should read the tutorial sections chapters 1 through 8 to learn the concepts behind the operation of the TDS COGO48 The reference section should be used as a refresher to understand how specific screens are used and to fill in the detailed information that was omitted from the tutorial section in the interests of brevity ORGANIZATION OF THE REFERENCE MANUAL The reference section of this manual is presented in a complete and consistent format It is assumed that you have read and understood the tutorial section of this manual The reference section is not written to teach how to use the TDS COGO48 It is assumed that you know how the basic user concepts of the machine are organized and specifically that you understand the difference between Menus and Screens If you do not reread Chapter 2 Getting Started Thus the Menus are not presented individually They are discussed in general in the beginning of this section Then each screen is presented Screens are grouped in the order that they occur from
97. eldwork from Chapter 3 or no longer have the SMITH job available you can create a new job file and enter the coordinates from the table below Your coordinate file should look as follows NUM NORTHING EASTING ELEV 1 5000 0000 5000 0000 100 000 5710 2358 5040 8379 103 286 5740 5392 5497 5792 106 364 5654 9688 5679 7808 108 221 5158 3849 5658 6252 117 359 5198 2360 5438 2273 114 792 4970 3069 5385 8385 112 303 5000 0700 4999 9119 100 000 5341 9314 5363 1795 237 879 5116 1299 5095 2826 230 507 5307 3644 5262 7347 236 418 5628 1542 5115 0236 232 229 5573 0171 5418 9271 235 748 5380 9737 5402 4633 236 569 5232 4242 5628 8755 242 758 5251 0535 5402 4228 239 777 5089 0823 5374 0401 239 289 5182 8227 5274 5361 235 975 Adjustments 7 1 ADJUSTMENTS This first thing you may wish to do is to compute the precision of the survey You can determine the precision of a survey from the Compass Rule Screen Path From the Main Menu select N Survey adjustment then K Compass Rule Screen Step 1 Enter From point as 1 and To point as 8 Then press PRECI The precision is displayed as 23 103 which should be read as 1 in 23 103 The precision may vary slightly if you have typed in your coordinates Press EXIT to return to the Survey Adjustment Menu TRANSLATION To acquire some practice with the adjustment features of the TDS COGO48 let u
98. enu Points 36 and 40 may be determined directly since they lie on a line with known end points The other points may be found by specifying a or 90 rotation of the direction line in the Point In Direction Screen We will set point 37 as an example Curves 4 8 CURVES Path Press PT DIR or 3 from wherever you are to bring up the Point In Direction Screen Point in Direction Occupy pt 33 Azimuth Bearing gt Azimuth 93 4730 Horiz dist 10 ang 90 0000 Store pt 37 SOLVE DFDIR EXIT Step 1 Enter 33 as the Occupy pt enter 30 33 to compute the Azimuth and enter 10 in the Horiz dist field Step 2 Now we want point 37 set at a 90 angle to the line 30 33 so we enter 90 0000 in the ang field The store point is 37 With this screen completed as above press SOLVE Determine the coordinates of the other points along the boundary of the driveway in like manner When setting a point to the left of a line enter 90 0000 in the ang field Also note that when you are using the field the Azimuth field is modified between each calculations It will need to be re entered when you are doing several calculations from the same point The coordinates of point 32 43 should be as follow 5427 0000 5361 9415 5431 4988 5294 0592 5475 1060 5410 0461 5581 1705 5303 9785 5439 0370 5029 0961 5421 5207 5293 3979 5468 0350 541
99. er or lower case The TDS COGO48 will maintain a distinction between them For example name this job SMITH The TDS COGO48 will treat it as distinct from a job named Smith Care should be taken when using jobs Getting Started 2 15 GETTING STARTED with the same name and only upper or lower case differences If both files are down loaded to a PC they will no longer be unique Only the second one down loaded will exist on the PC Step 2 In the next field in the New Job Screen you will key in the starting point number Most often this number will be 1 However it may be any number This number will also become the smallest point number that the TDS COGO48 will accept for this particular job If your starting point is not the smallest point number that you plan to use in a job you should key in the smallest point number in this field Step 3 Next provide the coordinates of the starting point northing easting and elevation The default values are shown in the display as 5000 0000 ft for both northing and easting and 100 0000 ft for elevation Step 4 Once you have the New Job screen properly configured press CREAT This command instructs the TDS COGO48 to create the SMITH job as you have specified it in the screen This is another general rule of the road While you are moving the scroll bar around the screen keying in information in response to prompts the TDS COGO48 does not take any direct action If you make a mist
100. eshots in the Point List your sideshots as well as your traverse point coordinates will be adjusted when you solve for the various adjustments in the Adjustment Menu Adjustments 7 6 ADJUSTMENTS COMPASS RULE The last exercise is to adjust the closure of the coordinates with the Compass Rule routine Path From the Adjustment Menu select K Compass Rule Screen This screen is displayed below From pt To pt or Compass Rule Using point list gt gt Using point list CLOSE TRAVERSE lude vertical losure gt YES lt YES NO SOLVE OPEN PRECI EXIT Step 1 The Point List you created for the angular adjustment is correct for this closure also Be sure the screen says CLOSE TRAVERSE on the centerline If not then press CLOSE or C to change the display If you want to calculate the precision again do so at this time The precision and the angular error as well are determinations made from the errors in the traverse Once the adjustments are made these values cannot be recalculated without returning the coordinated to their original values Step 2 Press the SOLVE or A key to adjust the traverse Adjustments 7 7 ADJUSTMENTS NOTE Open traverses may also be adjusted Select the OPEN TRAVERSE version of the Compass Rule Screen by pressing OPEN You will have to key in the true northing and easting coordinate values that the last point in the traverse will close
101. esignated point The northing and easting values will not be changed SOLVE if the TDS COGO48 is connected to an electronic station this key will trigger the gun to take a shot If the TDS COGO48 is in manual mode the elevation of the occupied point will be computed from the values of zenith angle and slope distance that have been keyed in the screen Reference R 44 REFERENCE WHERE IS NEXT POINT SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow the rod man to find quickly the next point relative to his own point of view during a stakeout by point number Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu P Where is Next Point Rod pt 0 Next pt 0 Reference pt 0 Direction 0 O clock Horiz dist 0 000 Azimuth 0 0000 SOLVE ft apv EXIT Rod pt is the point number of the current location of the rod Next pt is the point number of the next point to be staked Reference pt is any other point number in the job that is clearly visible by the rod man For example this point can be the point number location of the gun Direction output only is the direction expressed as a clock face direction from the rod point to the next point If the rod man is standing at the rod point and facing the reference point and the direction is computed as 2 o clock the next point is in the two o clock direction assuming that 12 o clock on the clock face is pointing toward the reference point Horiz dist output only is the computed horizo
102. et us perform an angle adjustment and then the Compass Rule adjustment on the SMITH job Path Select J from the Adjustment Menu The Angle Adjustment Screen appears as From pt To pt or Angle Adjustment Using point list gt gt Us ing point list Close Open gt Traverse gt Close Angle error 0 0027 SOLVE PTLST ERROR EXIT Step 1 Again you want to adjust all the points in the SMITH job but simply entering From pt 1 To point 59 will treat every point as a traversed point Points 50 to 59 need to be adjusted as sideshots In order to differentiate between Traverse points and Sideshots we must use a Point List Press PTLST to bring up the Point List Menu then H to clear any current list then G to display the Point List Screen At the NXT PT prompt enter 1 6 ENTER SS 50 59 ENTER 7 8 ENTER This has defined a Point List that will treat 1 to 6 as traverse points 50 to 59 as sideshots of point 6 and 7 to 8 again as traverse points Press EXIT twice to return to the Angle Adjustment screen Now change the From pt prompt to display Using point list Adjustments 7 4 ADJUSTMENTS The Point List is used throughout the TDS COGO48 to specify points to be used in a variety of functions For example a Screen Plot may use the point list to select those points that you want to display To get the most out of your TDS COGO48 be certain that you understand the concept
103. f to LICENSOR GENERAL This License shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Oregon United States of America LIMITED WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY LICENSOR grants solely to you a limited warranty that i the media on which the Program is distributed shall be substantially free from material defects for a period of NINETY 90 DAYS and ii the Program will perform substantially in accordance with the material descriptions in the Documentation for a period of NINETY 90 DAYS These warranties commence on the day you first obtain the Program and extend only to you the original customer These limited warranties give you specific legal rights and you may have other rights which vary from state to state Except as specified above LICENSOR MAKES NO WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS EXPRESS OR IMPLIED REGARDING THE PROGRAM MEDIA OR DOCUMENTATION AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE LICENSOR does not warrant the Program will meet your requirements or that its operations will be uninterrupted or error free If the media Program or Documentation are not as warranted above LICENSOR will at its option repair or replace the nonconforming item at no cost to you or refund your money provided you return the item with proof of the date you obtained it to LICENSOR within TEN 10 DAYS after the expiration of the applicable warranty period I
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105. f the 4 pin connector if you can see 4 small indents on one side of the connector you have slid the pins into the side In the future be sure that the connector is directly in line with the pins before pushing the connector in place 7 The Survey Link program stores a number of system variables and parameters in a file called SETTINGS If this file becomes corrupted Survey Link will act erratic You ca delete this file and Survey Link will regenerate it when it finds it is no longer there If the above solutions do not solve your communication problems the indication would be that your problem is with your PCs RS232 port You should test that port by sending data to another RS232 device or by taking your PC to a computer repair shop Appendix C 3 TROUBLE SHOOTING If you are using Kermit as your communication software TDS cannot support your interface difficulties that are attributed to configuring Kermit It is the users responsibility to properly configure Kermit for his system It is difficult to determine where a communication problem is coming from when a system is improperly setup Survey Link takes care of most of these difficulties Appendix C 4 Some helpful tips when using Kermit e Set all Comm parameters that are displayed in the TDS COGO48 transfer screen to the same values in both the HP 48 and Kermit Use the transfer screen within the TDS 48 program Do not try to use Kermit that is built i
106. f the delta for you Getting Started 2 12 GETTING STARTED When entering a bearing you can press 0 to put the HP 48 in the alpha mode then type N or S the bearing and an E or W A faster way to enter this is to use quadrants Type the quadrant number followed by the bearing Quadrants NW 4 N NE 1 SW 3 SE 2 As an example if you had a bearing of S47 3627W it could be entered as 347 3627 and N47 3627E it could be entered as 147 3627 Each of these entry tips will be explained in greater detail via the example in the chapters that follow INTERACTIVE USE OF THE MENUS AND SCREENS THE SETUP MENU One of the first things that you will want to do after you get familiar with your TDS COGO48 is to set it up for the kinds of jobs and surveys that you do In addition you need to become familiar with the interactive nature of the various menus and screens of the TDS COGO48 as soon as possible The present section of the manual will illustrate the use of the menus and screens by taking you through the setup routine At the end of this section you should have the unit setup for your particular needs Just as importantly you should be familiar with the way menus and screens in the TDS COGO48 interact Path From the Main Menu press H to access the Setup Screen Getting Started 2 13 GETTING STARTED You should now see the Setup Screen which appears as Azimuth gt N azimuth lt
107. fications subject to change without prior notice Appendix A 2 APPENDIX B File Format of TDS 48 Coordinate Files The TDS Coordinate File is a binary file consisting of a 38 byte header followed by coordinate point records 45 bytes in length The coordinate file must have the file extension of CR5 and in the case of the HP 48 series of Hewlett Packard Calculators the file extension must be upper case Definition Header Bytes 1 10 is the file name in ASCII Bytes 11 20 are not used Bytes 21 34 is the starting point number in MS long integer format This record is 1 if the file is non sequential Bytes 35 38 is the last point number in MS long integer format Coordinate Point Records Bytes 1 4 is the point number in MS long integer format This record is 1 if the point is unused sequential files only Bytes 5 12 is the northing of the point in MS double precision real Bytes 13 20 is the easting of the point in MS double prescision real Bytes 21 28 is the elevation of the point in MS double precision real Bytes 29 45 is the point descriptor in ASCII Appendix B 1 C TROUBLE SHOOTING This appendix should be the first place you check for problems that you may have when operating your TDS COGO48 These are a list of the most frequently asked technical support questions TRAVERSE BACKSIGHT AND OTHER DIFFICULTIES You wish to enter a backsight Remember when there is a gt character in azimuth but your backs
108. figuring the HP48 1 2 CONT 2 11 Conversion Azimuth Bearing R 30 Zenith Slope Dist R 31 Coordinate Editing 2 17 R 18 Coordinate Geometry 3 1 R 28 Coordinate Translation 7 2 R 53 Corner Angle R 43 CREAT 2 16 R 15 R 22 Creating a Job 2 15 R 15 R 22 a Point List 7 4 R 93 CST 9 6 Cubic Feet 8 6 Cubic Yards 8 6 Cumulative Volume 8 6 Current Job Info 2 16 R 17 Curvature Adjustment 2 14 R 21 CURVE 4 10 R 84 R 93 Curves Finding Point of Curvature R 82 Horizontal 4 3 R 73 PI amp Tangent Known 4 6 R 82 Sloving for 4 3 Through Three Points 4 7 R 83 Traverse R 85 Vertical R 86 CUT 8 5 8 11 Index ii DATA 4 8 Data Communication 1 2 Data Transfer 9 4 R 92 Define a Direction R 33 Deflection PC PI R 76 to R 80 Deflection Right Left R 26 Degree of Curvature 4 5 Degrees Units 2 14 R 75 DEL 3 11 R 93 Delete Coordinate file 2 17 R 19 Delta 4 5 R 75 DFDIR R 32 R 38 R 48 R 49 R 54 Differential Leveling 5 5 Direct Access keys 2 8 R 8 Directory R 28 Distance Units 2 14 R 21 Distance Calculations 2 12 DOWN R 18 E E gt S R 88 R 89 Earth curve Adj 2 14 R 21 Earthwork Average End Area 8 4 Borrow Pit 8 10 Easting 2 17 R 18 EDIT R 93 Edit Coordinate 2 17 Coordinates R 18 Elevation 2 17 3 6 7 2 R 18 R 44 Elevation Remote R 44 END R 93 Ending Grade R 86 R 94 Environment A 2 ERROR 7 5 ESC 2 10 4
109. g the back sight BS azm output only the computed back azimuth from the data supplied in this screen BS brg output only the computed back bearing from the data supplied in this screen SOLVE will take the information provided in the first two lines of this screen compute the back azimuth and display it in the output line this key must be pressed prior to pressing EXIT or the backsight will not be set properly Reference R 27 REFERENCE DIRECTORY SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to review the directory of files in the TDS COGO48 Path From the Main Menu press K This screen will prompt you to enter a file specification The file extensions which is used to stored Coordinate files in the TDS COGO48 is CRS Reference R 28 REFERENCE CO GO MENU SCREENS ACREAGE SCREEN Purpose of screen To allow the computation of the area of a parcel of land defined by a series of points stored in the TDS COGO48 Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu G From point To point Acreage Using point list gt gt From point To point Acreage Perimeter Square ft SOLVE PTLST PRINT EXIT NOTE When the units are feet the area is reported in both acres and square feet and perimeter is in feet When the units are meters the screen is called the Area Screen the area is in square meters and the perimeter is in meters From point lt Using po
110. g solved and then return to the Intersection Screen N earin e O Et Azimuth ot B End Pt Raain De Reference R 33 REFERENCE INVERSE BY POINT SCREEN Purpose of screen to compute the inverse bearing and distance between two points expressed as point numbers Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu J Inverse by Points Begin point 0 End point 0 Bearing N00 0000E Azimuth 0 0000 Horiz dist 0 000 Vert dist 0 000 SOLVE BYCRD BYLIN EXIT Begin point is the first point on the line for which the inverse is to be computed End point is the second point on the line for which the inverse is to be computed Bearing output only is the bearing of the line from the first point to the second point Azimuth output only is the azimuth of the line from the first point to the second point Horiz dist output only is the horizontal distance between the two inputs in this screen Vert dist output only is the vertical distance between the two points in this screen SOLVE will compute the azimuth bearing and distance between the points specified in the screen BYCRD will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the inverse between points specified by coordinates see below BYLIN will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the perpendicular bearing and distance from a point to a line see below Reference R 34 REFERE
111. g upon whether or not the Storing Pause setting in the Operating Modes Screen The coordinates will be stored in the job file at the foresight point number and the foresight point number will be incremented by one to prepare for the next shot See note below for more information BACK will transfer to the Backsight Screen TRAV will take the information which has been input into the screen and will compute the coordinates of the foresight point as a traverse from the occupied point These coordinates will be displayed depending upon whether or not the Storing Pause setting in the Operating Modes Screen Reference R 26 REFERENCE The coordinates will be stored in the job file at the foresight point number and the foresight point occupied point and backsight point number will be adjusted to prepare for the next shot BACKSIGHT SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to establish a backsight for your fieldwork Path From the Main Menu press J Traverse Sideshot Menu BACK From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu K Traverse on Curve Screen BACK Backsight BS point BS azm BS brg gt gt BS pt 0 0000 Circle 0 0000 BS Azm 0 0000 BS Brg N00 0000E SOLVE EXIT BS point BS azm BS brg are options for designating how backsight is set Backsight can be set to a point or just a azimuth or bearing BS Circle is the horizontal angle reading of the gun when you are sightin
112. gle A 0 0000 Side c 0 000 Angle B 0 0000 Side a 0 000 Angle C 0 0000 Area 0 000 SOLVE TEXT Side b is one of the known sides of the triangle Angle A is the included angle Side c is one of the known sides of the triangle Angle B output only is the computed value of one of the unknown angles Side a output only is the computed value of the unknown side Angle C output only is the computed value of one of the unknown angles Area output only is the computed value of the area of the triangle SOLVE will solve for the unknown elements and the area of the triangle for which you have keyed in the known elements Reference R 66 REFERENCE 2 SIDES amp AN OPPOSITE ANGLE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to solve for the unknown elements of a plane triangle when you know two sides and an angle opposite one of them Path From the Main Menu press O Triangle Solutions Menu K SSA Side b 0 000 Side c 0 000 Angle B 0 0000 Side a 0 000 Angle C 0 0000 Angle A 0 0000 Area 0 000 SOLVE 11 Side b is of the known sides of the triangle Side c is one of the known sides of the triangle Angle B is the angle opposite side b Side a output only is the computed value of the unknown side Angle C output only is the computed value of one of the unknown angles Angle A output only is the computed value of one of the unknown angles A
113. h 0 0000 Bearing N00 0000E Azimuth is the angle of a line expressed as an azimuth Bearing is the angle of the same line expressed as a bearing A 2 B read azimuth to bearing will compute the bearing based on the value of the azimuth line in the screen B 2 A read bearing to azimuth will compute the azimuth based on the value of the bearing line in the screen Reference R 30 REFERENCE VERT ZENITH amp SLOPE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to convert a vertical angle or a zenith angle and slope distance to a horizontal distance and a change in elevation Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu H Conversion Menu H Zenith amp Slope Dst gt Zenith 1 0 0000 Zenith Vert ang gt Slope dist 0 000 Horiz dist 0 000 Vert dist 0 000 SOLVE TEXT Zenith Vert ang is the specification of a vertical angle that is to be used in the conversion Slope dist is the specification of the slope distance to be used in the conversion Horiz dist output only is the computation of the horizontal distance from the data which has been entered into the screen Vert dist output only is the vertical distance change in elevation which has been computed from the data which has been entered into the screen SOLVE will compute the output values of horizontal and vertical distance from the data which has been entered into the input lines of the screen Reference R 31 REF
114. h 16 at 100 ft intervals along the line from point to point 2 in the SMITH job your picture of the SMITH property should look like 3 smith Property CO GO 3 8 CO GO ACREAGE AND THE POINT LIST For your next task you want to find the area of the SMITH property in acres Path From the COGO Menu press G to select the Area Screen The Acreage Screen appears as From point To point Acreage Using point list gt gt From point 1 To point 7 Acreage 9 7886 Perimeter 2712 401 Square ft 426396 05 sove PTesT EXIT Step 1 Load the first and last corners of the survey into the From point and To point fields of the screen 1 and 7 To compute the acreage in acres and square feet and the perimeter in feet press SOLVE When you use the From point and To point fields the TDS COGO48 assumes that the acreage that you want to compute is bounded by lines connecting all of the points in sequence from the first point to the last point and then closing back to the first point again In this case that means lines connecting from point 1 to 2 to 3 to 4 to 5 to 6 to 7 and back to 1 If you have done this correctly you should see an area of 9 7886 acres 426396 05 sq ft and a perimeter of 2712 401 ft NOTE When the distance units of the TDS COGO48 are set to feet the area is reported in both acres and square feet and the perimeter is in feet When the units are set to meters the screen
115. he cross section and the CUT softkey to add the current volume to the total After correctly computing the volume of this segment you should see the above screen The volume between stations 0 00 and 0 20 is shown in both cubic yards QYd and cubic feet QFt The cumulative volume is also shown in cubic yards and cubic feet Key in the new interval 10 ft to the next station 0 30 Change the point list to match the points at station 0 30 These points are 8 9 10 11 and 12 Now press the AREA softkey to compute the end area and volume Press the CUT softkey to add the volume to the total After pressing these keys you should see the following screen Last area 202 50 Curr area 315 00 Interval 10 00 Volume QYd 95 83 QFt 2587 50 Total V QYd 215 28 QFt 5812 50 CUT EXIT Key in the interval to the next station 25 ft update the point list and press the AREA and the CUT softkeys to compute the volume at the next station and add it to the total In this manner you can work your way through the stations along the berm to compute its volume piece by piece If you pursue this example to the last station 1 45 you should have a computed volume of 46 812 5 cubic feet or 1733 8 cubic yards Earth Work 8 6 EARTH WORK This example assumes that there is a finite area at the end of each berm Sometimes your beginning or ending areas may indeed be zero To start the job with a
116. hich they are associated All functions on the overlay can be accessed by pressing the purple or green shift key and then the appropriate function key The Top Row of shifted keys perform a function and return to where you left off The remainder of the shifted function keys send you to a screen or menu within the TDS COGO48 program s tree structure When you EXIT from that screen you will return to the screen from which you pressed the direct access key With the exception of the top row keys all direct access functions can be accessed from the menu tree in the normal manner Below is a table listing each Direct Access key used by TDS COGO48 and a simple description of what each does ESC Escape temporarily from the TDS COGO48 program and return to the main operating system of the HP 48 See the ON or CONT key to return to the TDS COGO48 Store a value to the Clipboard register EB PRINT Print the current screen to an Infrared Printer RCL Recall a value fromthe Clipboard a value from the Recall a value fromthe Clipboard LE ODE Return to the Main Menu from wherever you are in the IDS COO004 amp COGO48 G AREA Compute the areaofaparcelofland the area of a parcel of land H 7 lt gt Converts Azimuths to Bearings or visa versa I INTRSC Find a point at the intersection of two lines M V line saunas known point a direction and distance L RESCT2
117. ight Left Arc gt Small Beg grade 0 000 lt Small Large End grade 0 000 Even though the values of Pt 1 and Pt 2 in this screen are on the same line you still use the vertical cursor keys to move the scroll bar between them The horizontal cursor keys are reserved for scrolling prompts Curves 4 10 CURVES Step 3 Enter 39 ENTER 43 ENTER 42 ENTER Step 4 Press CURVE and fill out the Horiz Vert Curve Screen with P1242 2 41 Radius 140 Turn Right Arc Small Press ENTER Step 5 Input 40 and press ENTER The Point List Screen will look as follows before you press EXIT 37 38 160 000 L S CURVE END DEL EDIT EXIT The first two points in the point list PT 36 and PT 37 have scrolled off the top of the display Step 6 Press EXIT twice to return to the area screen and press SOLVE Be sure that the gt Using Point List option is selected By computing the acreage in the Acreage Screen based on this Point List you may determine the area of the driveway with the curve included You should compute 0 231 acres or 10066 507 sq ft as the area That completes the curve section of this tutorial You should be able to use the various routines to solve your own surveying needs If there are fields or keys in a screen that you need more information on please refer to the reference section for a complete description of every routine in the TDS COGO48
118. ight front of a prompt you can change that screen is prompting you fora prompt using or arrow keys BS point Or any other Highlight the field that you want to change prompt that is not the one you the prompt for and scroll through the choices want until you have found the one desired As you traverse your 1 Check to see that you are recording a non foresight point has the same 0 slope distance or similar coordinates as your 2 If you are entering data manually check to occupied point see that horizontal Zenith angles are 90 or horizontal vertical angles are 0 A zenith angle of 0 or a vertical angle of 90 is straight up and therefore will result in a 0 horizontal distance Naming a file Caution should be used when naming a file All letters and numbers are acceptable in a file name but some punctuation symbols that will work on the HP 48 will cause problems when transferred to your PC The TEES is fine but avoid using a space or period Check your DOS manual for expectable characters in a DOS file name Also the TDS COGO system requires that the file name begin with a alpha character Appendix C 1 TROUBLE SHOOTING COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE To PC or Instrument Your Problem Solutions to Try For each of these Try all of the following Solutions You have Survey Link running 1 Check to see if the Port you are using is on you PC and you are the one you have assigned in Survey conn
119. ild the appropriate screen and then press SOLVE to calculate new coordinates and store them Step 1 You should key in 1 as the occupied point Step 2 Enter 1 2 in the Azimuth field and press ENTER to move to the next field The TDS COGO48 will compute the azimuth of the line and enter it in the Azimuth field Enter 100 as the Horiz dist and 10 for the Store pt The Point In Dir Screen should be filled out as displayed above Step 3 Now press SOLVE to get the coordinates of your first point that is 100 ft from point 1 This will be stored as point 10 A new screen will prompt you for an elevation You can enter an elevation here but let s use the one displayed for you 227 53 ft in this case by pressing ENTER Step 4 The machine will return to the Point in Direction screen setup to solve for the next point point 11 and can be calculated by simple pressing SOLVE This procedure may be repeated six more times to obtain the coordinates of the rest of the points at 100 ft intervals along the line from 1 to 2 The last point stored will be point 16 CO GO 3 7 CO GO You do not have to solve for the azimuth each time because it will not change In fact there are no changes that need to be made to the screen between each solution The TDS 48 automatically increments the occupied point number and store point number for you All other data remains the same After you ve created points 10 throug
120. in chapter 3 simply answer Y when prompted to overwrite each point Your first task is to enter the boundary survey of the Smith property a plot that you will work with throughout this Manual A sketch of the property is shown here for reference 2 3 smith Property Back x Azimuth Field Work 6 2 FIELD WORK You begin by setting your instrument on point 1 You have found a point on the adjacent property to the west which has a known azimuth from point 1 You choose this point as a back sight and set the known azimuth as the back azimuth You then traverse the boundary clockwise closing back on point 1 The following table represents the field notes from the survey Height of Height of Horizontal Instru 86 5412 89 4050 262 5448 89 3236 208 5710 89 1803 247 1657 88 5235 277 4835 90 2926 92 4143 90 2746 261 2756 91 4405 The known back azimuth is 2769 23 15 The screen that you will use to enter this data is the Traverse Sideshot Screen Path From the Main Menu press J Traverse Sideshot Screen OC 1 Ang right Azimuth Bearing BS pt Ang left Def right Def left gt gt Ang right 0 0000 Zenith ang Vert ang Chng elev gt Zenith ang 0 0000 Slope dist Slope dist Horiz dist Slope dist 0 000 HI 0 000 HR 0 000 SIDES BACK TRAV EXIT This screen is designed for you to key in data directly from your field notes Step 1 To
121. int list gt To point These are the alternative methods of specifying a sequence of points that are to make up the boundary of the parcel From point To point specifies that the points are to be connected in numerical sequence Also the last point is connected to the first to complete the closed area The point list is a technique that you may use to specify a boundary that is made up of points that are not in numerical sequence See the Section of this Reference Manual that covers the Point List Screen Acreage output only is the computed area in acres Perimeter output only is the computed perimeter of the parcel in feet Sq feet output only is the computed area in square feet Reference R 29 REFERENCE SOLVE will compute the output lines based on the input points specified at the top of the display PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen PRINT will compute the area and perimeter and print the distance and azimuth of each side of the polygon NOTE If the boundary of the area to be computed includes sections of horizontal curves they may be included in the point list Point lists that have curves included will compute the area within the curved boundaries AZIMUTH lt gt BEARING SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to convert azimuths to bearings or bearings to azimuths Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu H Conversion Menu G Azimuth lt gt Bearing Azimut
122. l it finds the unknown point 17 All of this information is entered into the Polygon w Hinge Line screen as follows Step 1 Enter 2 in the Acres field to define the area to be sectioned off Press ENTER or V Step 2 Define the boundary points of the polygon This requires that you use the Point List screen again Press PTLST to display the Point List Menu On the Point List Menu clear the existing point list by selecting H Clear Current List Y in response to the Are you sure prompt and then G Edit Current List Step 3 Enter the points bounding the lower notch of the property starting with the break point 1 and ending with the hinge point 6 Enter 1 7 6 and press ENTER after each number PT 1 7 6 NXT The boundary for a Polygon with Hinge Line can have as many points as you desire but the list must begin with the break point the starting point of the fixed line that the hinge line intersects with and end with the hinge point the point that the hinge line rotates about Press EXIT twice to leave the Point List screen and return to the Polygon W Hinge Line screen Step 4 To define the fixed intersection line the line that will be intersected by the swing line at the unknown point enter 2 Step 5 Enter 17 as the point number whose coordinates are to be calculated and stored in the SMITH job file Step 6 Press SOLVE or G to do the actual computation
123. l see the coordinates for point 1 of the SMITH job that you established earlier Lets create a point 20 Point Data Point 20 Northing 5050 2860 Easting 4550 8059 Elev 233 7100 Enter 20 in the Point field for point number 20 and press ENTER Now input 5050 2860 as the Northing 4550 8059 as the Easting and 233 71 as the Elevation Press ENTER between each field entry The screen should be filled out as displayed above Now press STORE to generate point 20 in our SMITH job The K Save amp recall job option brings up a menu that allows you to Store or unload a job that has been save to a RAM card This function is only available on the HP 48SX The L Delete job lets you select the file to delete Getting Started 2 17 3 FIRST JOB Practice with COGO In this chapter you will begin working with the coordinates of the SMITH job which you established in chapter 2 Getting Started You will e Enter the corner Coordinates of the Smith property into the TDS COGO48 e Work with these Coordinates using the Coordinate Geometry COGO screens e Create new points using various COGO routines You are now familiar with the TDS COGO48 The software is installed and setup for your needs In this chapter you will work on the SMITH job Make sure that the SMITH file is the currently active job If you have not created the SMITH job from chapter 2 or no longer have it available return t
124. l solve for the output values based on the input information in the screen and will display the computed values on the screen Reference R 70 Target AY Vertical Distance Horizontal Plane LILILILI BENE ERI HE REFERENCE SCREEN PLOT SCREEN SCREEN PLOT SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to view a plot of a block of points in the TDS COGO48 screen display Path From the Main Menu press P Screen plot From point To point Screen Plot Using point list gt gt From point 0 To point 0 Plot pt number gt Yes lt Yes No From point lt Using point list gt To Point are the techniques used to specify a sequence of points Plot pt number will establish whether or not point numbers will be plotted POINT will cause the points indicated at the top of the screen to be plotted in the TDS COGOAS s display see below PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen LINES will cause the points indicated at the top of the screen to be plotted in the TDS COGOAS s display and to be connected by straight lines in the assigned sequence see below SCALE will compute a scale for the plot that will display all of the specified points to be shown in the square virtual display PRINT will send the current screen plot to an HP 82240B Infrared Printer Reference R 71 REFERENCE POINTS SCREEN Purpose of screen to show the point plot from the previous screen
125. le A et Other wise there is no solution B See cat Shy ead example below x or hed SAS Side Angle Side Does uniquely define a triangle Input 2 sides with an angle between them and calculate the other 2 angles the last side and the area SAA gt Side Angle Angle Does uniquely define a triangle i Input 2 angles with an opposite side not betwee them and calculate the other 2 sides the last angle and the area ASS Is the same as SSA Triangles 5 2 TRIANGLES B ASA gt Angle Side Angle Does uniquely define a triangle vax Hf Input 2 angles with the side between them and 4 e calculate the other 2 sides the last angle and K AAS gt the same as SAA AAA gt Will not uniquely define a triangle A ka The 3 corners can be moved in or out as far as you would like Nothing fixes the length of a x the sides par S As you can see from the above table two of the choices do not define a unique triangle which leaves 4 triangle routines The TDS COGO48 also uses the fact the SSA will define two possible triangle given the right information more on this later So the first step is to determine what data you know about the triangle and if that information matches one of the routines Side Side Angle Let us solve a Side Side Angle problem as an example Path From the Main Menu press O to display the Triangle Solutions Menu
126. ll store these coordinates into the current job file at the specified point numbers DFDIR will transfer to the Define a Direction Screen In this way the bearing of the first line may be computed from two points on the line Reference R 49 REFERENCE Side 2 Pt2 Silel 3 1 Unknown points 2 QPt2 7 This line slides parallel to the Area opposite side to povide the area uc Side2 NOTE If the distance units setting has been specified as meters in the Ee Operating Modes Screen the area specification in this screen must be input as square meters All output distances will be in meters Reference R 50 REFERENCE STAKEOUT COMPUTATION SCREEN Purpose of screen allow you to stakeout coordinates stored in the current job Path From the Main Menu press M Stakeout Menu R Point Stake Occupy pt BS pt BS azm BS brg gt gt BS pt FS pt Circular Horiz dist SOLVE d set EXIT Occupy pt is the point number of the currently occupied gun position from which the stakeout will be done BS pt BS azimuth BS bearing specifies the backsight either by point number azimuth or bearing FS point is the number of the foresight point the point to be staked Circular output only is the horizontal angle reading of the foresight Horiz dist output only is the horizontal distance from the occupied point to the foresight point to be staked SOLVE will compute the circular angle an
127. m memory available for the TDS COGO48 to use for storing coordinate data This will accommodate up to approximately 1000 points The HP 48 GX has about 128K of system memory for coordinate data and will accommodate up to about 4000 points Various RAM cards are available from TDS to expand the storage capacity of the TDS COGO48 to a maximum of 32 000 points when using a 1 megabyte RAM card When a job is initially created on the HP 48 it is stored only in the system memory and not on a RAM card If a job is stored only on a RAM card it must be copied to the system memory before it can be used When using TDS COGO48 you can think of a RAM card as a floppy drive on a PC and the HP 48 system memory as a hard drive You can copy files between a hard drive and a floppy drive but you would not normally run programs from a floppy drive Installing a RAM Card 1 With the HP 48 turned off insert the RAM card in Port 2 while leaving the TDS COGOAS card in Port 1 2 Turn on the HP 48 An Invalid Card Data warning might appear which indicates that the RAM card has not yet been formatted to use with the TDS COGO48 This message is normal and will not appear again once data is written to the card as described next 3 Restart the program by typing aa T D S C O G O ENTER Managing Jobs With a RAM Card 1 From the Main Menu select G Open Edit a Job From the Job Menu select K Save amp Recall Job 2 A prompt will appear aski
128. mitter on the top of the HP 48 and the IR receiver on the front of the Printer The range of these devices is approximately 3 6 inches Make sure that the printer has an adequate supply of paper and is turned ON Now press PRINT Below is a sample printout to a serial printer Printing amp Data Comm 9 2 PRINTING amp DATA COMM JOB SMITH TIME 15 57 DATE 11 24 1992 Page 1 Point Northing Easting Elevation Note 1 5000 000000 5000 000000 100 000 START 2 5710 235800 5040 837900 103 286 PT2 3 5740 539200 5497 579200 T06 365 PT3 4 5654 968900 5679 780800 108 221 PT4 5 5158 394900 5658 625700 117 360 PTS 6 5198 246000 5438 227700 114 792 PT6 7 4970 316800 5385 838900 112 303 PT7 The output to the infrared printer is one way communication only Thus there is no way for the TDS 48 to know if the printed output is properly received If the signal is not received or is interrupted during transmission some or all of the output will not be printed PRINTING SCREENS At any time you may print the contents of any screen in your TDS COGO48 by using the global key sequence D When you want to make a hard copy of a screen just setup your HP 82240B Infrared Printer properly turn it on and press lt D with the screen you want printed in the display For example if you take your infrared printer to the field you may use this command after each shot to make a hard copy of your raw data as you go NOTE
129. muth indicates the assumed direction of a zero azimuth either North or South Scale factor is the factor by which all distances entered in the field will be multiplied before coordinate values are computed Earth curve adjust when set ON will include calculations to compensate for earth curvature and refraction in the computation of coordinates Elevations will be adjusted according to the formula Vertical distance adjustment ft 0 574 horizontal distance in miles Print trace when set ON will print results to the infrared printer automatically when the SOLVE function is executed in every screens Storing pause when set ON will pause and display the computed coordinates as each point is shot Dist unit specifies units to be used for all distance computations Feet or Meters Angle unit specifies units to be used for all angle computations Degrees or Grads Beeper Turns the HP 48 s beeper ON or OFF When set to OFF the TDS COGO48 will not cause the HP 48 to beep Reference R 21 REFERENCE EARTHWORK MENU SCREENS AVERAGE END AREA SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to compute the area of a cross sectional profile at a given station Path From the Main Menu press I Earthwork Menu G Average End Station 0 Point count Elevation Offset Using point list gt gt Elevation Offset ENTE PTLST AREA CLEAR EXIT Station is the station at which the end area is being meas
130. n to allow you to rotate a block of points about a central point and change the northings and eastings accordingly Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustment Menu From point To point Rotate Job Using point list gt gt From point To point Rotation pt 0 Old bearing N00 0000E New bearing N00 0000E SOLVE PTLST DFDIR EXIT From point Using point list To point are the alternative methods of specifying the points that are to be included in the rotation Rotation pt is the point about which the rotation is to be taken Old bearing is the bearing of a line on the survey before the rotation New bearing is the bearing of the same line on the survey after the rotation SOLVE will rotate all of the points specified in the top of the screen about the rotation point and at the rotation angle specified in the screen New northings and eastings for these points will be computed PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen DFDIR will transfer to the Define A Direction Screen where the azimuth required for a direction specification for this screen may be computed from other point information Reference R 54 REFERENCE ANGLE ADJUSTMENT SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to adjust a traverse for angular error Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustments Menu J From pt To pt or Angle Adjustment Using point list gt gt From point
131. n you can perform any calculation that you want on this value including running your own software When you return to the TDS COGO48 the system will return to the screen that you were in prior to the escape and whatever is in level 1 of the stack when you return will be loaded at the cursor location in the screen that you were in prior to the escape The keystrokes required to execute the Escape function lt A The details of the operation of the function are given below Getting Started 2 10 GETTING STARTED The ESC Escape functions may only be executed from a SCREEN When you are in a screen and you press ESC 3J control of the system is passed temporarily from TDS COGO48 to the operating system of the HP 48 In addition the numerical value in the screen at the current cursor location is loaded in the operational stack of the 48 at level 1 The word HALT appears in the annunciator line at the top of the screen to indicate that a running program has been halted Thus it is now possible for you to perform any calculations that you want in the stack including calculations on the value that has been returned This can be done either manually from the keyboard or via other software routines which you may have written and loaded into the system memory When you are finished and wish to return to the TDS COGO48 press CONT or lt ON CONT is the purple shifted function above the ON key You will re
132. nces by the PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen Reference R 52 REFERENCE TRANSLATE JOB SCREEN Purpose of screen to move all of the coordinates in a block of points to the north and or east and or change in elevation by a constant distance Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustment Menu H From point To point Translate Job Using point list gt gt From point To point Azimuth Bearing gt Azimuth Horiz dist Elevation SOLVE NVRS EXIT From pt Using point list To point are the alternative methods of specifying the points that are to be included in the translation Azimuth Bearing is the direction in which the specified points in this job are to be translated This screen does not rotate the job Horiz dist is the horizontal distance through which the specified points in this job are to be translated in the direction noted by the azimuth or bearing in this screen Elevation is the amount of change in the elevation of the specified points in this job SOLVE will compute new coordinates for all of the points identified in the top of the screen by the amounts specified in the lines of the screen PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen INVRS will transfer to the Inverse between Points Screen and then return the results to this screen Reference R 53 REFERENCE ROTATE JOB SCREEN Purpose of scree
133. ng Horiz Curve Radius Degree Delta gt Radius 0 000 Delta Length Chord Tangent gt Delta 0 000 Mid ord External Definitions Are aered SOLVE EXIT Radius Degree of curvature Delta is a measure of the curvature of the curve Delta Length Chord Tangent Mid ord Externl is a measure of the size of the curve segment Definition defines the degree of curvature is based on either Chord or Arc SOLVE will solve for the remaining curve parameters and display them on the Curve Solution Screen see below LA YOU will transfer to the Horizontal Curve Layout Menu see below Reference R 74 REFERENCE CURVE SOLUTION SCREEN Purpose of screen to display the results of the horizontal curve solution Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu G Horizontal Curve Screen SOLVE Radius Length Chord Degree Delta Tangent External Midordinate 0 0000 Segment 0 000 Sector P 0 000 PE XT Reference R 75 REFERENCE PC Point of Curvature PT Point of Tangency PI Point of Intersection Radius Point R Radius L Length Arc Length Chord Length T Tangent Length E External M Mid ordinate D Internal angle from center to tangent points Degree of Curvature Internal angle equivalent to a 100 ft arc length Degree of Curvature point 18 000 R x p Expressed in degrees minutes and s
134. ng and use of the HP 48 itself may choose to develop his or her own routines to solve additional problems To this end the TDS COGO48 includes two functions which allow you direct access to the coordinate data files from the standard HP 48 operating system The full understanding of these functions requires some working knowledge of the system organization and programming language of the HP 48 It is well beyond the scope of this manual to provide this The Owner s Manuals that come with your HP 48 should be your primary source for this information RETRIEVING DATA FROM A COORDINATE FILE THE RCLPT FUNCTION The RCLPT function will use a point number within level 1 of the stack as a single argument and return the following to the stack The point descriptor is returned as an alpha string to level 6 The point elevation is returned as a real number to level 5 The point easting is returned as a real number to level 4 The point northing is returned as a real number to level 3 The point number is returned as an real number to level 2 Either the number 1 or O is returned to level 1 The number in level 1 serves as a flag to indicate that indeed the point data recall has taken place If the value in level 1 is a 1 the point data as listed above is valid If the value in level 1 is a 0 the point data has failed to be recalled for some reason such as the specified point number is nonexistent in the active job In this case levels 2 to 6
135. ng on the screen that is active there are six Global Keys that you access with the purple shift key and the keys in the top row The functions they perform are ESC NOTE STORE PRINT RECALL and MAIN respectively These functions are described in more detail below ESCAPE COMMAND Purpose of command to allow you to escape from the TDS COGO48 program and return to the operating system of the HP 48GX in order to run some other software or to do manual calculations Path From any screen press The ESC Escape function may only be executed from a SCREEN When you are in a screen and you press ESC SJ A control of the system is passed temporarily from the TDS COGO48 to the operating system of the HP 48 GX SX In addition the numerical value in the screen at the current cursor location is loaded in the operational stack of the 48GX at level 1 The word HALT appears in the top line of the screen to indicate that a running program has been halted Thus it is now possible for you to perform any calculations that Reference R 11 REFERENCE you want in the stack including calculations on the value that has been returned This can be done either manually from the keyboard or via other software routines which you may have written and loaded into the system memory When you are finished and wish to return to the TDS COGO48 press CONT or SJ ON CONT is the purple shifted function above the ON ke
136. ng which type of HP 48 you are using Select G if you are using an HP 48 GX or select H if you are using an HP 48 SX If you did not receive the Invalid Card Data warning when the HP 48 was turned on skip to Step 4 Introduction 1 6 INTRODUCTION 3 Ifyou receive an Invalid Card Data warning when you turn the HP 48 on follow the instructions on the screen by pressing ON and C simultaneously and then restart the program by typing amp o TDSCOG O ENTER Return to the Save amp Recall Job screen as described in Step 1 4 From the Save amp Recall Job screen make the appropriate selection to either Save an existing job to the RAM card Restore a job from the RAM card or I Delete a job from the RAM card If a message appears asking to erase all data in port 2 you must select Y to continue 5 Alist of available jobs will be presented Scroll to the appropriate job and press A SELCT to perform the action selected from Step 4 Be aware that after copying jobs to a RAM card no additional system memory will be available on the HP 48 until you delete that job from the system memory To delete a job from the system memory select G Open Edit a job from the Main Menu and then L Delete Job N OTE You cannot delete the currently opened job To delete the C current job you must first create or open a different job Similarly if you want to work with a job that is only stored on the RAM car
137. not return from trying to recover memory or if the data is corrupted you may need to say NO the the above prompt but all the data will be lost Allways back up your data frequently The TDS COGO48 program is not functioning as it once did or one routine is acting incorrectly Try the Solutions to the right one at a time starting at SYSTEM SHUTDOWN HARDWARE RESET On the back of the HP 48 there are 4 rubber pads that can be removed by gentle prying on there edge with a fingernail Under the upper right pad as you look at the back of the 48 will be a hole with the letter R next to it Straighten one end of a metal paper clip and insert it into this hole as far as it will go Hold for one second and remove Press the ON key You may also need to execute a Keyboard reset at this time SYSTEM SHUTDOWN This will shut the 48 OFF in such a way as to reset the operating system No memory should be effected Hold down the ON and the SPC keys at the same time When you release them the calculator should turn itself OFF Appendix C 5 TROUBLE SHOOTING CLEAR MEMORY When using the TDS COGO48 software all survey data is stored to the main memory and therefore will be be lost by a MEMORY CLEAR The Memory Clear function will erase all of the main system memory and any memory card that is merged with it It will also clear the system libraries and erase all TDS COGO48 setup parameters You will need to re enter the If the
138. ns inverses Earthworks volume of a berm or gully Triangle Solutions differential leveling Curves horizontals Adjustments scale changes translations compass rule initialization differential leveling point in direction 2 and 3 point resections corner angle computation benchmark pre determined area volume of mound or pit trig leveling verticals job rotations angle adjustment transit rule Appendix A 1 APPENDIX A Physical File transfer to office equipment e Office computers and workstations Coordinate files e Printers Coordinate files Dimensions 7 1 x 3 2 x 1 15 Weight 11 oz including batteries and cards Power 3 AAA Alkaline batteries batteries should last several months under normal usage Environmental Operating Temperature e with heater off 329 1139 F e Storage Temperature 20 1609 F Hardware features e Display Liquid Crystal 8 line x 22 character e Keyboard 49 key membrane actuator with tactile feedback Software features Operating Calculator System HP 48 e Application TDS field computer routines Memory e 32k byte RAM built into the HP 48SX Up to 1000 Pts or e 128k byte RAM built into the HP 48GX Up to 4000 Pts Interfaces e RS 232 4 pin port built in for communication with desktop computers and total stations e R port built in for wireless communication between units as well as to the HP 82240B Infrared Portable Printer Speci
139. nstalled in your HP 48 your batteries and have installed your TDS COGO48 Card For installation instructions see Chapter 1 Introduction RUNNING YOUR TDS COGO48 Now press the ON key You will see the operational stack of the standard HP 48 operating system displayed as Now press a o T D S C IO G O ENTER The TDS COGO48 Card has now taken over control of the machine You will see the MAIN MENU of the system which looks like Select G to S Open Edit a job Setup menu Earth work Traverse Side shot Show directory To turn off the unit press the e and ON keys Now press ON again Notice that you return to the Main Menu This is where you were when you turned the unit OFF This is the first Rule of the Road When you turn the Getting Started 2 1 GETTING STARTED TDS COGO48 ON you will return to the screen or menu location occupied when you turned the machine OFF The six boxes at the bottom of the display screen are called softkey labels They identify the functions of the six keys in the top row of the keyboard Pressing any one of these keys will activate the function shown in the box above that key in the bottom row of the screen The functions will change depending on the particular screen that you are using and the problem that you are solving MENUS VS SCREENS WHAT S THE DIFFERENCE The TDS COGO48 is an intuitive use software Much progress can be made in mastering its sys
140. nstead of SEND All other steps are the same The points between the Start pt and the End pt including the start and end points will be transferred The numbers in the Start pt and the End pt fields are ignored except when the SBLK key is pressed File Transfer Between Two TDS COGO48 s You may use the wireless communication capabilities of the HP 48 to copy a coordinate or point list file from one TDS COGO48 to another or to a TDS 48 or a TDS system 95 The process is to select the I R communication option in the File Transfer Screen in both units Position the units so that the I R data ports are facing each other and about 3 6 inches apart The I R port may be located by a small arrow molded on the top case of the HP 48 just above the Hewlett Packard logo Set all of the communication parameters the same on both units When the units have been setup and configured properly press RECV on the unit which is to receive the file and SEND on the unit that is to send the file Printing amp Data Comm 9 5 PRINTING amp DATA COMM ADVANCED TOPICS The next few sections provide information for those users who wish to write their own programs for the HP 48 using coordinate data gathered by the TDS COGO48 Surveying Card Effective understanding of this material requires some understanding of the programming language of the HP 48 QUICK RETURN TO THE TDS COGO48 FROM THE HP 48 OPERATING SYSTEM If you plan on writing your own programs
141. nt and point 6 with a line connecting point 2 and point 7 This problem is shown pictorially as 3 Path From the COGO Menu select I for the Intersection Screen Intersection Azimuth Bearing Point 1 1 Distance gt gt Azimuth 66 0952 Point 2 2 Azmuth gt gt Azimuth 155 2952 Bearing Distance Store pt 9 SOLVE DFDIR NOTE The third and fifth lines of the display have the gt scrolling prompt character When you move the prompt to one of these lines and press a horizontal cursor key or 3 both the value of the data in that line and the prompt label will change In this case the Azimuth prompt will change to a Bearing or a Distance You can use any combination of direction or distance to calculate an intersection CO GO 3 5 CO GO Step 1 Into this screen you enter the parameters of this problem The first point is point 1 Next use the data entry shortcut to enter the azimuth from point 1 to point 6 Simply enter 1 6 and press ENTER or V to move to the next field The TDS 48 will compute the azimuth of the line and enter it in the Azimuth field This process may be repeated for the line connecting points 2 and 7 Use point 9 as the stored point When the screen has been properly filled out it should appear as displayed above If you had set the prompt for bearing 1 6 would have resulted in a bearing If a prompt is exp
142. nt line is set to Radius Point this is the Start of Curve point 3rd point if the 1st Point Radius Point line is set to 1st Point this is the point number of the End of Curve point If the 1st Point Radius Point line is set to Radius Point this is the point number of the End Azimuth Point Sto radius pt if this field has a valid point number the radius point will be computed and stored If this field is zero no radius point will be computed Radius output only is the radius of the curve Length output only is the arc length of the curve SOLVE will solve for the curve parameters DATA after solving for the curve parameters this key will transfer to the Curve Solution Screen to display them LAYOU will transfer to the Horizontal Curve Layout Menu see above TRAV will transfer to the Traverse on a Curve Screen see above Reference R 84 REFERENCE COMPUTE RADIUS POINT SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to find the coordinates of the radius point of a curve given two points on the curve and one other known curve parameter Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu J Compute Radius Pt PC point PT point Curve gt Right Radius 0 000 Sto radius pt SOLVE curv EXT Right Left PC point is the point number of the Point of Curvature on the curve PT point is the point number of the Point of Tangency on the curve Curve Turn is the direction that the curve sho
143. ntal distance from the rod point to the next point Azimuth output only is the actual azimuth angle based on north or south being zero azimuth of the direction from the rod point to the next point This value may be used in conjunction with a field compass to located the direction of the next point This value is independent of the reference point SOLVE will compute the direction horizontal distance and azimuth based on the values of the input data for this screen ADV will put the next point as the rod point and increment the next point Reference R 45 REFERENCE h Next J W Azimuth Point hood 77 JM hie 109 23 707 Distance Rod Y position E Da Sig CEN ul Gun position Reference R 46 REFERENCE PRE DETERMINED AREA SCREEN Purpose of screen To enable you to find the coordinates of the missing boundary line of a parcel that will result in a pre determined area for that parcel The primary screen will assume that the unknown boundary is hinged at the last point in the point list and intersects the first line at an unknown point whose coordinates are to be determined Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu Q Acre Square ft gt gt Acre From point To point gt From point Using point list To point Pt on line Bearing gt Pt on line 0 0000 Store pt 0 Line brg N00 0000E Line dist 0 000 SOLVE PTLST DFDIR PARAL EXIT Acre
144. nto the HP 48 operating system When sending from the PC to the 48 e The file must have a POINT NORTHING EASTING ELEV ATION NOTE fields must be there separated by a coma There cannot be any other fields or data No header tailer or formatting information in the file The file must look just like it would if it was down loaded from the TDS COGO48 The file must have a suffix of CRS The CR must be entered in upper case If you are still having problems see your dealer about getting the Survey Link program Most communication parameters and system problems are taken care of by Survey Link TROUBLE SHOOTING HP 48 HARDWARE Reset Batteries Memory cards Your Problem Solutions to Try The HP 48 system is not responding Pressing the ON or CANCEL key will not bring it back to life Try the solutions to the right stating a the top KEYBOARD RESET Hold down the ON key and press the C key Then release them both Both the ON and C key must be depressed at the same time and then be release before the reset will occur The calculator screen will blank and the HOME system stack should be displayed WA RNING Several of the following suggestions can cause the HP 48 to a memory loss Do to the fact that the coordinate data is stored in the main memory you should atempt to recover memory If you see the mesage Try to recover Memory Yes No press A for Yes first If the HP 48 dose
145. o subtracted The translation of the coordinates positions can be done at the same time as changing its elevation Simply enter the proper values in the Azimuth and Distance Fields The INVRS key will bring up the Inverse screen from the CO GO menu allowing you to inverse between two known points Entering your 2 points press SOLVE and EXIT from the inverse screen The inverse results will be stored in the bottom three lines of the Translate Job screen ROTATE JOB Let us also assume we learn that our backsight was entered in error and should have been 276 5315 A simple rotation will correct this problem Path From the survey adjustment Menu select I Rotate job The Rotate Job Screen will be displayed From pt To pt or Rotate Job Using point list gt gt From point 1 To point 59 Rotation pt 1 Old bearing N83 3645W New bearing N83 0645W SOLVE PTLST DFDIR EXIT Step 1 The position of all the points in the SMITH job including the topo should be rotated so enter 59 in the To point field Enter 1 as the Rotation pt and N83 3645W and N83 0645W as the Old and New Bearings The screen should look like the display above Press SOLVE After you press SOLVE the TDS COGO48 will rotate all of the coordinates around point 1 by the difference between the two bearings Adjustments 7 3 ADJUSTMENTS ANGLE ADJUSTMENT For practice with traverse adjustments l
146. o the last two sections in chapter 2 to create it As you recall point lof this job has a northing of 5000 0000 an easting of 5000 0000 and an elevation of 100 0000 Below is picture of Mr Smith s property and a table of the coordinates for each corner 3 2 e DESI smith Property CO GO 3 1 CO GO PT NUM NORTHING EASTING ELEV 5000 0000 5000 0000 5709 8469 5047 0433 5736 1695 5504 0370 5649 0185 5685 4911 5152 6326 5660 0409 5194 3888 5439 9992 4966 9177 5385 6510 We will use the Edit Coordinates screen to enter the coordinates Please note that you may need to re enter point 1 to give it the elevation of 227 53 Path From the Main Menu press G to get the Job Menu and then J for the Edit Coordinated Screen This screen should look like Point Data Point 2 Northing 5709 8469 Easting 5047 0433 Elev 230 8200 PT STORE RCL UNUS EXIT To key in the coordinates move the scroll bar to each of the data fields and enter the proper values For point 2 move the scroll bar to the first field and enter 2 Next press ENTER or the V key and enter the northing etc When you have built the screen as displayed above press STORE Continue entering each of the corner points and press STORE to enter them into the coordinate file The PT and PT keys can be used to review the coordinates that have been stored You can edit any point by simply making the changes to this
147. of the curve PC store pt is the point number where the computed coordinates of the PC should be stored The computed coordinates of the PT will be stored in the next consecutive point number Radius pt if this field has a valid point number the radius point will be computed and stored If this field is zero no radius point will be computed SOLVE will compute the coordinates of the PC and PT and store them in the job file at the appropriate point numbers LAYOU will transfer to the Horizontal Curve Layout Menu see above will transfer to the Horizontal Curve Solution Screen see above Reference R 83 REFERENCE THROUGH 3 POINTS SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to solve for the curve which will pass through three known points Also to allow you to solve for a curve given two known points and the known center Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu I Through 3 Points Radius Ist gt Radius point 2nd point 3rd point Sto radius pt Radius 0 000 Length 0 000 SOLVE DATA LAYOU TRAV EXIT Radius Point 1st Point 1st Point is the point number of the Start of Curve Point Radius Point is the point number of the center of the curve 2nd point if the 1st Point Radius Point line is set to 1st Point this is the point number of the second point on the curve This point may be at any location between the start and the end of the curve If the 151 Point Radius Poi
148. p 3 Once your PC software is waiting for data from your TDS COGOA8 press SEND on your TDS COGOA8 This will bring up a list of your coordinate files Highlight the file you wish to send and press SELCT The transfer should begin If it does not check the trouble shooting appendix at the end of this manual Printing amp Data Comm 9 4 PRINTING amp DATA COMM N OTE As with all electronically stored data your surveying jobs should be backed up frequently at least once a day if possible Tripod Data Systems has done all it can to improve the reliability of the TDS COGO48 But with anything stored electronically in RAM and especially where it is taken into the field there is a risk of data loss Your best protection is to BACKUP often The process of receiving data from your PC to the TDS COGO48 is virtually the same as to send In step 3 above choose the Survey Link send file screen and select the file you want to send Again see the Survey Link Manual for the specific screen and steps necessary to send a file from Survey Link Then simply press RECV on your TDS COGO48 When you are receiving the File type is determined by the file that is sent from your PC and not by the selection displayed in the top line of your TDS COGO48 screen If you want to send a part of a coordinate file in step 4 above enter the beginning and ending points of the block you want to send in the Start pt and End pt fields Then press SBLK i
149. p in the screen The V key moves the scroll bar down in the screen When the arrow key moves to the bottom of a screen scrolling again will wrap to the top of that screen or from the top to the bottom Since this particular screen has only two data entry fields the action of the two vertical cursor keys is the same Thus the procedure for solving a screen is to place the scroll bar at each data entry field as defined in the screen key in the appropriate value and press the proper solution softkey In this case suppose you want to know the curve parameters solve the curve for a horizontal curve of 100 ft radius and a delta angle of 135 Getting Started 2 4 GETTING STARTED Step 1 With the scroll bar at the radius line key in 100 Then press V The ENTER key will also move the scroll bar to the next data entry line Step 2 Now key in 135 at the Delta prompt Step 3 Leaving the curve definition as Arc press SOLVE softkey A The screen will now display the solution curve parameters for the curve you have solved Radius 100 000 Length 235 619 Chord 184 776 Degree 57 1745 Delta 135 0000 Tangent 241 421 External 161 313 All angles in the TDS COGO48 are entered and displayed in degree minutes and seconds format and are resolved to the nearest second The format is DDD MMSS where DDD indicates degrees MM is the minutes SS the seconds Now pressing MORE will show you the remainde
150. play the cross section area at the current station and the volume between the current station and the previous station From here the procedure to compute the appropriate volumes is identical to that used for measuring the volume of the berm in the example above Care should be taken to note each cross section as either a cut or fill Remember the FILL softkey will subtract from the accumulated volume the CUT softkey will add to it The area of the shaded portion of the figure above is 488 5 sq ft Earth Work 8 9 EARTH WORK THE VOLUME OF A MOUND OR BORROW PIT In this section you will compute the volume of a borrow pit The field technique is to gather data on the profile of the bottom of the pit along a network of grid lines that will yield a good description of the pit bottom profile A plan view of the top of a borrow pit with the grid lines shown is illustrated below The following table indicates the coordinates of the points shown on the figure 1 2060 0000 2000 0000 100 0000 2 2070 0000 2020 0000 100 0000 3 2070 0000 2040 0000 100 0000 4 2060 0000 2060 0000 100 0000 5 2040 0000 2070 0000 100 0000 6 2020 0000 2070 0000 100 0000 7 2000 0000 2062 0000 100 0000 8 1995 0000 2060 0000 100 0000 9 1983 0000 2040 0000 100 0000 10 1988 0000 2020 0000 100 0000 11 1990 0000 2000 0000 100 0000 12 2000 0000 1990 0000 100 0000 Earth Work 8 10 EARTH WORK POINT NORTHING EASTING ELEVATION NUMB T 2020 00
151. points on a printer Path From the Main Menu press R Print Menu G From point To point Print Points Using point list gt gt From point To point PRINT PTLST EXT From pt Using point list To pt are the techniques for specifying the points to be printed PRINT will begin printing the coordinates of the specified points PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen Reference R 91 REFERENCE PRINT SETUP SCREEN Purpose of screen to setup your TDS COGO48 for printing Path From the Main Menu press R Print Menu I Print Setup IR wire gt Wire lt Wire IR Baud rate gt 9600 lt 9600 1200 2400 4800 Parity gt None lt None Odd Even IR wire indicates whether or not the data communication is to be via the RS232 link or via the wireless infrared link Baud rate is the data communication rate expressed in baud Parity is the data communication parity setting even odd or none Reference R 92 REFERENCE FILE TRANSFER SCREEN FILE TRANSFER SCREEN Purpose of screen to transfer data to or from the TDS COGO48 from into PC Path From the Main Menu press S File Transfer IR wire gt Wire lt Wire IR Baud rate gt 9600 lt 9600 1200 2400 4800 Parity gt None lt None Odd Even Start pt pt IR Wire indicates whether or not data communication is to be via the
152. pposite Angls SSA Differential Leveling Trig Leveling G PC Deflection H PI Deflection I Tangent offset J Cord Offset Horiz Curve Solution Known PI amp Tangent Through 3 Points Compute Radius Pt Traverse Curve Vertical Curve AYOUT gt Vert Curve Straight Grade Layout mcos Print Coordinates Print Setup Reference R 7 REFERENCE THE KEYBOARD OVERLAY Your TDS COGOAS Surveying Card comes with an overlay which you may install on your HP 48GX s keyboard to help you locate the alpha keys more easily and to mask the shifted functions of the 48GX which are not used by the TDS COGO48 The overlay also displays the shifted function of each key in purple for direct access to many of TDS COGOAS s most used routines The overlay appears as shown Overlay for TDS COGO48 ESC STO PRINT RCL MAN d g _ N 4 B B D x p x y E 4 Gh s x AREA AZ lt gt BR INTRSC INVERS PT DIR RESCT2 4 uw 4 4 g B G In J K x p u p lt p lt AA AA H CURV 3P CRV TR CRV BENCH CORNER RESCT3 4 b 4 4 7 uU Es a M NI 0 0 p 4 x 2 M 4 4 E V CURV GRADE PT amp TAN RAD PT LEVEL B A P g hb I v X NEW JOB OLD JOB PRE D A JB INF 4 g a 2 g g N bs 4 b 2 p OP MODE SLOPE EARTH PLOT f 2 a
153. pying the PC and backsighting the forward tangent Curr sta is the station number of the current station Sta interval is the interval from the current station to the next station Tangent dist output only is the distance from the PC to the point at which the tangent is closest to the current station This point is the point from which the Tangent Offset is measured Tan offset output only is the distance from the current station to the point on the tangent line which is closest to the current station Tan Tan dist output only is the distance from the PI to the point at which the tangent is closest to the current station SOLVE will compute the deflection angle and distance from the screen data STA will increment from the current station to the next station using the assigned station interval Reference R 80 REFERENCE E p Mem CHORD OFFSET SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to layout a horizontal curve by chord and offsets from the PC Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu G Horizontal Curve Screen LAYOU Horizontal Curve Layout Menu J Chord Offset PC sta O 0 000 Curr sta O 0 000 Sta intvl 0 000 Def angle 0 000 Chord dist 0 000 Chord offset 0 000 SOLVE STA EXT Reference R 81 REFERENCE PC sta is the station number of the PC Your gun should be occupying the PC and backsighting the forward tangent Curr sta i
154. r 0 0026 SOLVE TEXT Computed azm is the azimuth measured from the closing point to the second point of the survey This angle is entered by the user Correct azm is the azimuth measured from the beginning point to the second point of the survey This angle is also entered by the user Angle error output only is the angular error that is to be adjusted out of the survey SOLVE will compute the angular simply by taking the difference between the computed and the correct azimuths Reference R 58 REFERENCE COMPASS RULE SCREENS CLOSED TRAVERSE Purpose of screen to allow you to adjust a closed traverse by the Compass Rule Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustment Menu K From point To point Compass Rule Using point list gt gt From point To point CLOSE TRAVERSE Include vertical closure Yes lt Yes No SOLVE OPEN PRECI EXIT From pt Using point list To point are the alternative methods of specifying the points that are to be included in the angular adjustment Include vertical closure specifies whether elevations will be included in the adjustment SOLVE will apply the Compass Rule to the points specified in the closed traverse in the screen It will compute new coordinates for all points but the irst point and store these new coordinates in the job file PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen OPEN will transfer
155. r a cut for a fill CUT will compute the current section volume as a cut and add it to the total volume FILL will compute the current section volume as a fill and subtract it from the total volume FIRST will setup the area of the first section in preparation for computing the first section volume after the next station area has been computed Reference R 23 REFERENCE BORROW PIT SCREEN Purpose of screen enter each section of a borrow pit for compute its volume The Pit is divided into rectangular or triangular sections then it calculates the volume of each section as well as the total accumulated volume Path From the Main Menu press I Earthwork Menu H Number of corners gt 3 Datum elev 0 000 Corner 1 pt 0 Corner 2 pt 0 Corner 3 pt 0 Section 0 CLEAR EXIT Number of corners is either 3 or 4 depending on the number of corners of the borrow pit section When 4 is chosen the screen include Corner 4 Datum elevation is the elevation of the datum top of the pit Corner 1 is the point number of the first corner Corner 2 is the point number of the second corner Corner 3 is the point number of the third corner Section is a counter for the cut and fill computations It is set to 1 when Earth Work data is cleared and will be increased by 1 every time when CUT or FILL is executed CUT will compute the volume of the specified section of the pit add it to th
156. r of the curve parameters the Mid ordinate 61 732 Segment 8245 439 Sector 11780 972 and Fillet 12361 63 Press EXIT twice to return to the Solving Horizontal Curve Screen This time you will solve a horizontal curve with different known curve parameters and at the same time learn the special function of the horizontal cursor keys and Suppose that instead of the radius and delta angle of the curve you know the degree of curvature and the arc length In this case it is a curve of 50 degrees of curvature and an arc length of 200 ft Notice that both data input labels in this screen have a gt symbol on the screen in front of the label This symbol is called the scrolling prompt symbol It indicates that you may change the input label prompt by use of the horizontal cursor keys and Getting Started 2 5 GETTING STARTED Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 With the scroll bar on the Radius input line press the gt key The prompt will change to Degree Key in 50 and press or ENTER Now press 5 multiple times to see the selections for the second curve parameter With the label on Length key in 200 Press SOLVE The solution screen will display the parameters of this new curve Radius 114 592 Length 200 000 Chord 175 564 Degree 50 0000 Delta 100 0000 Tangent 136 565 External 63 681 A gt character in front of any prompt in TDS COGO48 screen allows you
157. r than the FILL softkey to indicate that earth is to be removed Earth Work 8 12 9 PRINTING AND DATA COMM WITH YOUR TDS COGO48 In this chapter you will learn how to print out your coordinates directly from your TDS COGO48 You will also learn how to prepare your TDS COGOM48 to transfer your coordinates and raw data to an office PC The last several sections explain procedures that support data transfer to other HP 48 programs PRINTING COORDINATES Periodically during a job you may wish to make a hard copy of your work by printing the coordinate values of the points that you have surveyed The TDS COGO48 can use the HP 48 s built in infrared wireless data communications capability to print on the HP 82240B Infrared Printer Or you can use the serial port RS232 to print to a printer with a similar serial port The process for doing this is quite straightforward First you should make sure that the active open job is the job whose data you want to print You may select the job you want to print by using the Open Existing Job option from the Job Menu Select G and then H from the MAIN Menu Move the cursor to the proper job and press ENTER Next EXIT back to the MAIN Menu and select R for the Print menu The Print Menu will appear as Print Menu G Print coordinates H I Print setup Printing amp Data Comm 9 1 PRINTING amp DATA COMM First let s press I and access the Print Setup Screen
158. rea output only is the computed value of the area of the triangle SOLVE will solve for the unknown elements and the area of the triangle for which you have keyed in the known elements EXIT will return to the previous screen or menu NOTE This last case may have two solutions To see the second solution press the MORE softkey that will appear after you press SOLVE If any of the sides in this second solution have negative values then the first solution is the only valid solution Reference R 67 REFERENCE DIFFERENTIAL LEVELING SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to compute the elevation of a point based on the elevation of another point Path From the Main Menu press O Triangle Solutions Menu L Differential Leveling BS elv BS gt gt BS elv 0 BS rod reading 0 000 FS rod reading 0 000 Instr elev 0 000 FS elev 0 0000 SOLVE rszss EXIT BS elev BS pt allows you to specify the back sight elevation either as an elevation or a point number which has a known elevation BS rod reading is the height of the target on the rod at the backsight point FS rod reading is the height of the target on the rod at the foresight point Instr elev output only is the elevation of the instrument FS elev output only is the elevation at the foresight point SOLVE will solve for the output values based on the input information in the screen and will display the compute
159. rsection point DFDIR will transfer to the Define A Direction Screen where the azimuth required for a direction specification for this screen may be computed from other point information see below Reference R 32 REFERENCE DEFINE A DIRECTION SCREEN Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu e I Intersection Screen DFDIR e Q Pre Determined Area Screen DFDIR Define a Direction Begin pt 0 End pt 0 ang 0 0000 Bearing N00 0000E Azimuth 0 0000 Distance 0 000 SOLVE TEXT Begin point is the first point on the line to define a direction End point is the second point on a line to define a direction ang is the deviation from the computed azimuth or bearing from the first point to the second point on the line that is to be returned as the azimuth or bearing to be used in subsequent calculations A angle is in the clockwise direction from the first point to the second point a angle is in the counter clockwise direction Bearing output only the bearing from the beginning point to the end point Azimuth output only the azimuth of the line from the beginning point to the end point Horiz dist output only the horizontal distance between the two lines SOLVE will compute the output bearing and azimuth from the point numbers of the two points on the line as specified in the screen EXIT will first prompt for the azimuth or bearing that is required in the intersection bein
160. rt your coordinate data into formats that can be used by a wide variety of CO GO CAD and other survey related software SYSTEM CONFIGURATION The minimum configuration required for the TDS COGO48 is the following 1 1 HP 48 SX or GX Scientific Expandable Calculator 2 1 TDS COGOAS 3 TDS COGOA48 Keyboard Overlay In addition if you want to connect your TDS COGO48 to your office PC you will need 4 1TDS PC to HP 48 cable or HP 82208A opt 1 AW Cable 5 I TDS Survey Link PC Program see note below N The TDS Survey Link PC Program will provide for data communication between your PC and your TDS COGO48 It also serves as a file conversion utility to convert your surveying data files into formats that are compatible with approximately 20 different PC Surveying and Civil Engineering Software A 32k byte or 128k byte RAM Card can be added to the system to increase the storage capacity Introduction 1 2 INTRODUCTION INSTALLING YOUR TDS COGO48 CARD Installation of your TDS COGO48 Card is simple and straightforward however you should follow these installation instructions exactly as they are presented here Be certain that you have three AAA alkaline battery cells properly installed in your HP 48 before you begin the card installation process If you have no cards plugged into your HP 48 you may go to step 3 Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 5 Step 6 Turn your HP 48 OFF gt ON Remove
161. rted 2 3 GETTING STARTED SCREENS From the MAIN MENU return to the Solving Horiz Curve Screen As you recall the key strokes are Q G As you can now see a SCREEN is characterized by labels and data on each of the lines of the display separated by colons They also have a variety of softkey labels at the bottom These softkeys give you choices of one or more functions to perform It is in the SCREENS where you will enter your data and solve your surveying problems You don t solve problems in the MENUS The MENUS are an aid to help you navigate the various Screens While the user interface among the various SCREENS is consistent each SCREEN solves a different kind of problem Each SCREEN is explained in detail in the Reference Manual The Horizontal Curve Screen appears as Solving Horiz Curve Radius Degree Delta gt gt Radius 100 000 gt Delta 135 000 elta Length Chord gt es Tangent Mid ord Definition gt Arc ox io T Chord SOLVE rAvou rxm You will use this screen to solve your first surveying problem and at the same time learn some very important concepts or Rules of the Road The first has to do with the uses of the vertical cursor keys 4 and V4 When you first enter this screen the value of the radius is highlighted by a scroll bar By pressing one of these vertical cursor keys you will move the scroll bar to the next data entry field The 4 key moves the scroll bar u
162. s Field Work 6 7 FIELD WORK TWO POINT RESECTION The next segment of the job is to perform a topographic survey of the Smith property However none of the known boundary points provide an adequate vantage point to the entire parcel Therefore you decide to move the instrument to a position near the center of the property from which you have a good line of sight to the rest of the parcel In this section you will learn to establish the coordinates of the new instrument position using a two point resection technique To learn about the Three Point Resection screen consult the appropriate section in the Reference Manual Let us call this new unknown instrument position point 50 The two point resection requires the rod man to move to two appropriate points that have known coordinates in the SMITH job file For this example use points 6 and 1 From point 50 you need to determine the zenith angle and slope distance to both points and the horizontal angle between them From this information the TDS COGO48 can determine the coordinates of the instrument position and store this information in the SMITH coordinate file The figure below depicts the situation 2 smith Property 50 Gun position Field Work 6 8 FIELD WORK The field notes for this resection problem are shown in the table below Back Occu Height of Height of Horizontal Zenith i Angle Angle ZA 50 5 42 6 0 ET TT 88 1347 162 19
163. s assume that selecting your beginning elevation as 100 ft was simply for arbitrary convenience However In Chapter 3 while doing your Benchmark calculation of point 50 you discovered that you must add 127 53 to the elevation of each boundary point in the file You would like to bring all of the boundary points of your survey into line with the elevations of the topo Path From the survey adjustment Menu select H Translate job The Translate Job Screen is shown below From pt To pt or Translate Job Using point list gt gt From point 1 To point Ae gt Azimuth 0 Horiz dist 0 Elevationt 127 53 SOLVE NVRS EXIT Step 1 The elevation of only the boundary points in the SMITH job should be adjusted so enter 1 in the From point and 8 in the To point field In this example there is no need to change the position of the survey only its elevation so set the Azimuth and Horiz dist to 0 Enter 127 53 in the Elevation field When your screen is filled out with the same values as displayed above press SOLVE Azimuth Bearing gt Adjustments 7 2 ADJUSTMENTS After pressing SOLVE the TDS COGO48 will adjust the elevations by the amount specified You may return to the Point Data Screen to confirm this NOTE Since you were adding an elevation you simply keyed in the amount to add To subtract an elevation key in a negative value for the amount t
164. s the station number of the current station Sta interval is the interval from the current station to the next station Def angle output only is the deflection angle from the last station to the next station assuming the current station is occupied Chord dist output only is the distance from the PC to the point on the chord which is closest to the current station Chord offset output only is the distance from the current station to the closest point on the chord SOLVE will compute the deflection angle and distance from the screen data STA will increment from the current station to the next station using the assigned station interval Reference R 82 REFERENCE KNOWN PI amp TANGENTS SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to compute the coordinates of the PC and PT of a curve with a known PI the bearings of the tangents and the radius or other curve parameters Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu H PI amp Tangents known PI point 0 Azm PI gt PC Brg PI gt PC gt Azm PI gt PC Azm gt Brg PI gt PT gt gt Azm PI gt PT Radius PC sto pt Radius pt SOLVE LAvou curv EXIT PI pt is the point number of the PI Azm PI to PC Brg PI to PC are two ways of specifying the direction of the line from the PI to PC Azm PI to PT Brg PI to PT are two ways of specifying the direction of the line from the PI to PT Radius is the radius
165. s used RCL will temporarily shift to a recall point number screen You may then specify the point number whose coordinates will be used as the correct northing easting and elevation Press ENTER to return to the Compass Rule Screen Reference R 60 REFERENCE TRANSIT RULE SCREENS CLOSED TRAVERSE Purpose of screen to allow you to adjust a closed traverse by the Transit Rule Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustment Menu L From point To point Transit Rule Using point list gt gt From point To point CLOSE TRAVERSE SoLVE PTLST OPEN PRECI EXIT From pt Using point list To point are the alternative methods of specifying the points that are to be included in the angular adjustment SOLVE will apply the Transit Rule to the points specified in the closed traverse in the screen It will compute new coordinates for all points but the irst point and store these new coordinates in the job file PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen OPEN will transfer to the Transit Rule Screen for open traverses see below PRECI will compute the precision of the closed traverse based on the original data The PRECI key should be used to check the precision before SOLVE is used After pressing SOLVE the precision will be near perfect Reference R 61 REFERENCE OPEN TRAVERSE Purpose of screen to allow you to adjust an open traverse by the Transit Rule
166. screen and pressing STORE A message will ask Storing Pt 3 Point used Overwrite Y N Answer Y if you want to save the changes CO GO 3 2 CO GO Coordinates in the TDS COGO48 may have come from several sources e Computed by the COGO functions in the TDS COGO48 e Uploaded from a PC e Keyed into the coordinate editor No matter how a point s coordinates get into the TDS COGO48 they can be used by any of the functions of this COGO computer In addition you can review them at any time by pressing ED CRD or Z Edit Coordinates to access the Point Data Screen PRACTICE WITH COGO To illustrate this point take a few minutes now to practice with some of the COGO functions on the SMITH job From the Main Menu press M The COGO Menu is displayed You ll see 12 different coordinate geometry functions in the menu 6 in the first screen and 6 after pressing MORE In this chapter we will cover the following seven functions e Inverse e Predetermined areas e Intersect Hinged line method e Point in dir Parallel line method e Area e Corner angle In addition Two Point Resection and Benchmark are covered in chapter 6 Fieldwork Assume that the first thing that you want to do is inverse compute the bearing and distance between points and 2 in the SMITH job CO GO 3 3 CO GO INVERSE BETWEEN POINTS Path From the Main menu press M to COGO Menu press J to get the Inverse Screen Except
167. stores only the coordinate data Second when entering field data you have a number of optional formats in which the data can be entered e g Angle right or left Azimuth or Bearing Deflection right or left Zenith or Vertical angle and Slope distance or Horizontal distance and Change in elevation Field Work 6 1 FIELD WORK TRAVERSING THE BOUNDARY OF THE SMITH PROPERTY This chapter covers several examples of the use of the TDS COGO48 in the field As with other sections of this Manual the general approach is to cover some basic material and deal with both the theory of the operation of the TDS COGO48 and its practice It is presumed that the material contained in this section of the Manual will be read and practiced while in an office setting In order to provide realistic examples it is assumed that you will be keying in the field data manually from field notes provided in this chapter You are now somewhat familiar with the TDS COGOMA8 It s time to enter the field data for the sample job called SMITH It s the same one that you created in the Chapter 2 Getting Started Since you already have coordinates for the property corners you may want to create a new job for this field data Perhaps SMITH2 As you recall you established the SMITH job with the starting point at 1 using the default coordinates of northing and easting each equal to 5000 0000 ft and an elevation of 100 ft If you do not wish to save the coordinates entered
168. t ON OFF PREV TEXT Getting Started 2 14 GETTING STARTED CREATING YOUR FIRST JOB The TDS COGO48 is now setup so that it is compatible with your equipment You are ready to do your FIRST JOB Return to the Main Menu Since you have not established a job in the machine you must begin by pressing G Path Press G to see the Open Edit a Job Menu This will present the New Job screen New Job Job name SMITH ON OFF Start point 1 Northing 5000 0000 Easting 5000 0000 Elev 100 0000 Step 1 The scroll bar is highlighting the Job name field You may now press the 0 once and key in the name of your job The name may be any combination of up to eight alpha numeric or special characters The first character must be alpha Unlike Menus where you may key in the alpha menu selections without using the key alpha data fields in Screens require you to press the 0 key in order to put the TDS COGOAS into alpha mode Pressing o once will lock the keyboard into alpha mode and pressing the purple shift key lt while in alpha mode will lock in lower case characters Since the cursor keys are used to input alpha characters in alpha mode you must press 0 again to take the unit out of alpha mode However pressing ENTER will clear alpha mode as well as cause the scroll bar to move to the next data input line in the screen You should also realize that you may key in alpha characters in either upp
169. t delete change or damage the program that is stored on this card The HP 48 has significantly more computational capability than previous HP scientific calculator products Indeed it is unlikely that any single user will require or need to learn all of the features of the machine This is true for the typical land surveyor By using the TDS COGO48 Card in conjunction with your HP 48 you will be able to take advantage of all of the hardware features of the HP 48 in your day to day surveying work without having to open the HP 48 manuals This TDS Manual contains all of the information you will need to gain productivity in your work The TDS COGO48 converts your HP 48 into a powerful Coordinate Geometry computer that provides several basic functions needed by the student or professional land surveyor 1 The TDS COGOAS may be used to collect data observations in the field by keying them in manually These observations are converted to three dimensional coordinates as they are obtained 2 Since the coordinates of your points are always available you may apply a wide variety of built in CO GO functions to the coordinates to analyze and adjust your job as well as to add design points to your data file Introduction 1 1 INTRODUCTION 3 In the office you can use TDS s companion Survey Link software to upload and or download your coordinates and raw data to or from an office PC The Survey Link programs also give you the ability to conve
170. tem by pressing keys and seeing what happens in response However full understanding of the machine requires that a few simple concepts be well understood One of these is the difference between a MENU and a SCREEN MENUS A MENU is a display that is characterized by a list of functions or operations which may be selected by choosing one of the alphabetic keys listed down the left hand column of the display See Main Menu above Except for the EXIT and MORE keys MENUS do not use active softkeys The EXIT key is always displayed above the F key on the right The MORE key will be labeled above the A key if there are more menu choices than will fit on one display Pressing one of the alpha keys shown in the MENU display will present you with either another MENU with more alpha choices and an EXIT key or a SCREEN The EXIT key will always return to the SCREEN or MENU location occupied prior to a current SCREEN or MENU Thus MENUS in the Getting Started 2 2 GETTING STARTED TDS COGO48 are arranged like a tree By selecting a sequence of alpha keys you make progress from the MAIN MENU the trunk of the tree to the large branches additional menus to the small branches sub menus or screens and then to the twigs and leaves screens By pressing EXIT successively you can progress back through the branches to the trunk the MAIN MENU If a menu has MORE displayed above the A key there are other choices that
171. the FILL softkey because this is a pit and Earth Work 8 11 EARTH WORK presumably you want to measure the volume so you can fill it After pressing the FILL softkey you should see 3 70 100 00 3 70 100 00 Now you may key in the point boundary for the next section First select four corners key in points 2 3 16 and 15 as the corners and press the FILL softkey In this way you may move around the borrow pit keying in the boundary points of the various sections You must enter the points in the order they lie on the perimeter of the section You may enter them in either clockwise order or counter clockwise order You may begin at any corner The Section Line in the display will keep track of the number of sections that you have keyed in for this particular volume job If you carry out this example to its completion you should have a volume of 38 702 50 cubic feet or 1433 50 cubic yards NOTE This example shows a grid of squares and one side of the grid running in a north south direction However neither of these conditions is necessarily required for the borrow pit program to work The grid lines may be along any azimuth The grid sizes may vary across the job As a practical matter you should setup the grid lines to be closer together whenever there is a rapid change in elevation of the bottom of the pit The same technique may be used to compute the volume of a mound However use the CUT softkey rathe
172. the Main Menu and by access letter within this grouping Screens which may be accessed via multiple menu paths are cross referenced from the various starting menus Reference R 1 REFERENCE INTRODUCTORY COMMENTS All work in the TDS COGOMA8 is accomplished within the machine s Screens Access to the various screens is accomplished via the machine s Menus It is important to understand the difference between Menus and Screens That material is covered in Chapter 2 Getting Started This section of the Reference Manual will discuss Menus and Screen in a generic way Following sections will cover each Screen in detail Menus will not be covered beyond the present discussion THE GENERIC MENU The generic Menu is characterized by a sequence of choices in the display each of which is preceded by a letter of the alphabet A choice is made by pressing the appropriate letter key on the keyboard The generic menu is also characterized by the single softkey EXIT shown in the right hand key position in the display Menus which have more than six or seven choices will also have a MORE softkey displayed at the left of the screen Pressing this key will display more menu choices A sample menu is shown below for reference CO GO Menu G Area Computation H Conversion Menu I Intersections J Inverse between pts K Pt in direction 1 2 pts MORE Reference R 2 REFERENCE THE GENERIC SC
173. the first known point P2 ang is the circular horizontal angle reading when sighting the second known point P3 ang is the circular horizontal angle reading when sighting the third known point Store pt is the point number of the unknown occupied point SOLVE will compute the coordinates northing and easting of the unknown occupied point and store them in the job file at the specified point number Reference R 41 REFERENCE N Q TE P1 P2 and P3 are required to be in clockwise order as viewed E from above the gun position Back azimuth Gun position Circle angle 4 to first Pt Unknown Pt Circle angle W A Ist Pt to third Pt Circle angle to second Pt 2nd Pt NOTE Since a three point resection only requires horizontal angles to be measured it is not possible to use this method to determine the elevation of the unknown point Only the north and east coordinates are solved Reference R 42 REFERENCE COMPUTE CORNER ANGLE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to compute the angle made by two lines that meet at a common corner point Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu N Compute Corner Angle Point 1 Corner pt Point 3 HD to Pt 3 0 000 Corner ang 0 0000 360 0 0000 SOLVE TEXT Pt 1 is a point on the first line Corner pt is the common point corner of the two lines Pt 3 is a point on the second line HD to Pt
174. the left and right sides of the 2 0 acre parcel by naming two points for each side of the property The first point of each side must be the point that is in common with the line of the boundary that will be parallel with the moving line in this case line 1 to 7 Enter the values as shown in the screen above Step 2 Press SOLVE or G You will be prompted for an elevation for each new point Input the data and press ENTER for each point TDS COGO48 will compute the coordinates for new points 18 and 19 and then add them to the SMITH job file You can check that you have indeed created a 2 0 acre parcel by using the Compute Area screen and the appropriate Point List 1 18 19 7 PLOTTING As a final exercise let s redo the screen plot of the boundary of the SMITH job and include a line 6 to 17 This will illustrate the feature of inserting a PENU command in the Point List that controls the screen plot Press PLOT and then PTLST Press to clear the existing list and then press G to edit a new one You may connect points 1 to 7 in sequence by keying in 1 7 in the first NXT PT line of the list In a Point List 1 7 means a range of points from one to seven and not the azimuth or distance between 1 and 7 Press ENTER to enter this line Then key in 1 again Press ENTER again This will design the plot to connect points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 in sequence and then close back to point 1 CO GO 3 15 CO
175. the next to the last traverse point through the closing point to the second point of the traverse If you shot this angle in the field you should enter the result as the Closing ang If you do not have the closing angle set this field to zero and the TDS COGO48 will calculate it for you Angle error output only is the angular error that is to be adjusted out of the survey SOLVE will compute the angular error using the polygon rule You may either enter a closing angle or let the TDS COGO48 compute the closing angle see below Angular error will be calculated by using the rule that the sum of all internal angles of a polygon will be equal to the number of sides minus two multiplied by 180 degrees If the Closing angle is zero the angle between the next to the last the last and the second points will be used See the example below Reference R 56 REFERENCE Pa X m The angular Error is computed by adding together 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 5 4 5 6 5 6 7 Closing ang value or 6 7 2 The result is then compared to 6 2 180 and the difference is the error Reference R 57 REFERENCE COMPUTE ANGULAR ERROR SCREENS Open traverse Purpose of screen to allow you to compute angular error for open traverse Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustments Menu J set the Traverse option on OPEN ERROR Compute Angular Error for open traverse Computed azm 0 0000 Correct azm 0 0000 Angle erro
176. the unknown sides Side b output only is the computed value of one of the unknown sides Area output only is the computed value of the area of the triangle SOLVE will solve for the unknown elements and the area of the triangle for which you have keyed in the known elements Reference R 64 REFERENCE 2 ANGLES amp AN OPPOSITE SIDE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to solve for the unknown elements of a plane triangle when you know two angles and a side opposite one of them Path From the Main Menu press O Triangle Solutions Menu Angle A Area SOLVE TEXT Side c is the known side of the triangle Angle B is one of the known angles of the triangle Angle C is the known angle opposite side c Side a output only is the computed value of one of the unknown sides Side b output only is the computed value of one of the unknown sides Angle A output only is the computed value of the unknown angle Area output only is the computed value of the area of the triangle SOLVE will solve for the unknown elements and the area of the triangle for which you have keyed in the known elements Reference R 65 REFERENCE 2 SIDES amp THE INCLUDED ANGLE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to solve for the unknown elements of a plane triangle when you know two sides and the included angle Path From the Main Menu press O Triangle Solutions Menu J SAS Side b 0 000 An
177. this manual as it is on the keyboard as In the standard HP 48 pressing 0 once will enable the alpha key definitions for the next keystroke Pressing o twice will lock the system in alpha mode You will learn more about the keyboard and display of the TDS COGO48 in the next chapter Getting Started Introduction 1 4 INTRODUCTION You should now see the Main Menu of the TDS COGO48 lt Select G to S gt Open Edit a job Setup menu Earthwork Traverse Side shot Show directory Once you have activated the TDS COGOMAS software the TDS COGO48 will remain in control of the system until you intentionally return to the standard HP 48 operating system Turning the unit OFF and then ON again should return you to the same screen that was active when the unit was turned OFF EXITING THE TDS COGO48 If you wish to exit from the TDS COGO48 and return to the standard HP 48 operating system press the EXIT softkey from the Main Menu You will be asked Exit program Y N Pressing the Y key will return you the HP 48 stack entering N will return you to the TDS COGO48 Main Menu If you exit the program you may return by repeating the instructions on running the TDS COGO48 given in the previous section N OTE For a more detailed description of softkeys and their use see Chapter 2 Getting Started Introduction 1 5 INTRODUCTION USING A RAM CARD WITH THE TDS COGO48 The HP 48 SX has about 32K of syste
178. tment 7 4 R 55 Angular Error 7 5 R 56 Change Scale 7 8 R 52 Closure 7 4 R 59 Compass Rule 7 7 R 59 Earth Curvature 2 14 R 21 Rotate Job 7 3 R 54 Scale Factor 2 14 R 21 R 52 Traverse R 55 to R 61 ADV R 45 Angle Between two lines R 43 Calculations 2 12 R 11 R 43 Deflection R 76 to R 80 Left R 26 Right 6 1 R 26 Units 2 14 R 21 Vertical R 26 Angle Side Angle 5 3 Angle Adjustment R 55 Arc Length 4 5 R 75 R 83 R 85 AREA 8 5 Area 4 10 Area Calculations 3 9 Determined 3 12 Parallel 3 14 R 49 Predetermined R 47 ASA 5 3 Azimuth R 26 Backsight 6 3 Conversions R 30 North South 2 14 R 21 R 24 B B2A R 30 BACK 6 3 R 85 Back amp Restore Data 9 4 R 92 Backsight Azimuth 6 3 R 51 R 85 Circle Reading R 27 Baud Rate 9 2 9 4 R 91 R 92 Bearing 2 13 R 26 Backsight R 51 Beeper 2 14 Beginning a Job 2 15 R 15 R 22 Beginning Grade R 86 R 94 Benchmark 6 10 Block of Points Transfer R 92 BYCRD 3 4 R 34 R 37 BYLIN 3 4 R 34 R 35 BYPTS 3 4 R 35 R 37 C Calculator 2 10 R 11 Change Horiz Dist R 26 R 31 in Elev R 31 R 53 Change Scale 7 8 R 52 Chord Length 4 5 R 75 Circle angle 6 5 Index i INDEX Circular R 39 R 51 CLEAR 8 6 Clear Point List 3 11 CLOSE 7 7 R 60 R 62 Closed Traverse 7 7 R 59 R 61 Closure R 59 Comm Interface A 2 Compass Rule 7 7 R 59 R 61 Compute Radius Point 4 7 Con
179. to the Compass Rule Screen for open traverses see below PRECI will compute the precision of the closed traverse based on the original data The PRECI key should be used to check the precision before SOLVE is used After pressing SOLVE the precision will be near perfect Reference R 59 REFERENCE OPEN TRAVERSE Purpose of screen to allow you to adjust an open traverse by the Compass Rule Path From the Main Menu press N Survey Adjustment Menu K Compass Rule OPEN From point To point Compass Rule Using point list gt From point To point OPEN TRAVERSE Correct N 0 000 Correct E 0 000 Correct EL 0 0000 From pt Using point list To point are the alternative methods of specifying the points that are to be included in the angular adjustment Correct N is the true northing of the last point Correct E is the true easting of the last point Correct EL is the true elevation of the last point SOLVE will apply the Compass Rule to the points specified in the open traverse in the screen It will compute new coordinates for all points but the irst point and store these new coordinates in the job file PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen CLOSE will transfer to the Compass Rule Screen for closed traverses see above PRECI will compute the precision of the open traverse based on the original data The PRECI key should be used to check the precision before SOLVE i
180. topographic survey of the Smith property A normal topographic survey would include sideshots taken for all of the features of the property In the interest of brevity the data for this example is restricted to the 9 points listed as points 51 to 59 in the table below The elevations of these points are of prime importance Since you did your resection with the horizontal angle zeroed while sighting point 6 as a backsight you may as well continue to use point 6 as a backsight for the topographic survey Field Work 6 11 FIELD WORK Back Occupied Fore Height Height Horizontal of of Angle Instru Rod angle right HI HR HA 77 2701 91 0638 98 3511 90 2829 166 4557 90 4605 221 0823 90 2225 252 4512 90 4518 319 5833 88 5442 4 1315 88 3356 25 0702 89 3258 56 4200 90 2459 o0 With one exception the procedure for entering sideshot data is exactly the same as that for a traverse The exception is that you must press the SIDES key instead of TRAV Step 1 As an illustration the Traverse Sideshot Screen shown below is properly filled out for the first shot prior to pressing SIDES OC 50 FS 51 Ang right Azimuth Bearing Bs pt 6 Ang left Def right Def left gt gt Ang right 77 2701 Zenith ang Vert ang Chng elev gt Zenith ang 91 0638 Slope dist Slope dist Horiz dist Slope dist 350 430 HI 5 420 HR 6 000 SIDES BACK TRAV EX
181. turn to the screen you were in before executing ESC When you return the value at the cursor location is replaced by the value from level 1 of the 48 s stack NOTE If you find yourself at the HP 48 system stack and do not know why or how you got there you may have inadvertently pressed the ESC key Check and see if HALT is displayed on the top of the screen If it is then press the CONT or SJ ON keys If HALT is not displayed you must have accidentally EXITed the program Rerun the TDS COGO48 STO 3J C The STO key will take any numeric value from an input field and store it to a temporary register To save a numeric value first highlight the field that you want stored and then press the 4J and STO or C keys The value can be moved to another field using the RCL key see below This function is useful in transferring data from one screen to another However some values in a screen are display only and therefore you cannot highlight them with the cursor thus you can t store them to the STO register Getting Started 2 11 GETTING STARTED PRINT is D The PRINT function will allow you to print the current contents of the screen onto the HP 82240B Infrared Printer This function may be accessed from any screen or menu in the TDS COGO48 at any time that you want a hard copy of your work RCL E The RCL key will copy the numeric value from the register to the currently highlighte
182. u press O Triangle Solutions Menu G SSS Side a 0 000 Side b 0 000 Side c 0 000 Angle A 0 0000 Angle B 0 0000 Angle C 0 0000 Area 0 000 SOLVE TEXT Side a is one of the known sides of the triangle Side b is one of the known sides of the triangle Side c is one of the known sides of the triangle Angle A output only is the computed value of one of the unknown angles Angle B output only is the computed value of one of the unknown angles Angle C output only is the computed value of one of the unknown angles Area output only is the computed value of the area of the triangle SOLVE will solve for the unknown elements and the area of the triangle for which you have keyed in the known elements Reference R 63 REFERENCE 2 ANGLES amp THE INCLUDED SIDE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to solve for the unknown elements of a plane triangle when you know two angles and the included side Path From the Main Menu press O Triangle Solutions Menu H ASA Angle A 0 0000 Side c 0 000 Angle B 0 0000 Angle C 0 000 Side a 0 000 Side b 0 000 Area 0 000 SOLVE TEXT Angle A is one of the known angles of the triangle Side c is the included side of the triangle Angle B is one of the known angles of the triangle Angle C output only is the computed value of one of the unknown angles Side a output only is the computed value of one of
183. uld turn from the PC to the PT Radius is the radius of the curve Store radius pt is the point number into which the solved coordinates will be stored SOLVE will compute the radius point from the screen data and store the result CURVE will transfer you to the Horizontal Curve Solution Screen Reference R 85 REFERENCE TRAVERSE ON CURVE SCREEN Purpose of screen to include a horizontal curve in a traverse Path From the Main Menu press Q Curve Menu K Traverse on Curve Radius 0 000 Length 0 000 PC point 0 F tangent 0 0000 Turn gt Right PT point lt Right Left Radius is the radius of the curve Length is the arc length of the curve PC point is the point number of the PC F tangent is the azimuth of the tangent to the curve from the PC in the forward direction of the curve toward the PT Turn is the direction right or left that the curve turns from the forward tangent PT point is the point number of the PT SOLVE will compute the coordinates of the PT and add this point to the coordinate file from the data in the rest of the screen BACK will transfer to the Backsight Screen The Backsight Screen may be used to compute the azimuth of the forward tangent When you return to this screen from the Backsight Screen the value of the azimuth of the forward tangent will be automatically computed to be in the opposite direction of the backsight azimuth
184. ups by keying in the first and last point in the group with between such as 10 15 Another special command is to insert a sideshot in a point list To do this press a S S space followed by the point number of the sideshot These features may be combined To insert a group of consecutively numbered sideshots into a point list press a S S space followed by the first point number then then the last point number in the sequence This feature is particularly useful if you want to do an adjustment of a traverse that has sideshots in it The traverse point coordinates will be adjusted according to the selected rule The sideshot coordinates will be adjusted according to the adjusted values of the traverse coordinates The screen plot will also recognize the SS symbol CURVE will transfer to the Horiz Vert Curve Screen see below END will move the scroll bar to the end of the point list DEL will delete the Point List entry line that is in the screen immediately above the data entry bar EDIT will replace the entry above the data entry bar with the contents of the bar PENU will lift the pen and not draw a line to the next point when doing a screen plot of the lines in this point list ENTER main keyboard will insert the contents of the data entry bar after the last entry currently on view in the screen Reference R 94 REFERENCE HORIZ VERT CURVE SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you
185. ured Point count output only will track the number of points that you have entered if you are keying in point offsets and elevations Elevation Using point list Offset are the alternative methods of entering the cross sectional profile data for the given station ENTER will enter points by elevation and offset one at a time into the TDS COGO48 PTLST will transfer to the Point List Screen AREA will compute the average end area and transfer to volume accumulation screen CLEAR will clear the points that have been previously entered for this station Reference R 22 REFERENCE VOLUME ACCUMULATION SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to use the end area just computed to a volume and accumulate it to the total volume of the earthwork job Path From the Main Menu press I Earthwork Menu G Average End Area Screen AREA Last area Curr area Interval Volume Qyd Total V Qyd Last area is the area computed at the previous station Curr area is the area computed at the current station Interval is the distance between the previous station and the current station Volume Qyd output only is the current section volume in cubic yards Volume Qft output only is the current section volume in cubic feet Total V Qyd output only is the total volume of the in cubic yards for a cut for a fill Total V Qft output only is the total volume of the job in cubic feet fo
186. urves 4 3 CURVES Step 3 The delta angle may be computed from the bearings of the centerlines of the driveway which are the tangent lines of the curve However TDS COGOAS will compute the angle of the PC PI PT by entering 30 32 31 and pressing ENTER The angle formed by these three points is 131 1227 But the delta angle is this angle subtracted from 180 Here we want to show you how to use the HP 48 s calculator to subtract 131 1227 from 180 in HMS mode Highlight the Delta angle field and press ESC or 3J A You should now be in the HP 48GX stack with 131 1227 in line 1 Now enter 180 and press ENTER then press SWAP key lt and cursor key to swap the two numbers Next you want to subtract these as Degrees Minutes and Seconds Press 4J 4 NXT to display up the softkeys BATES BDAYS SAMS HISD uis Press HMS or F The delta angle of 48 4733 should now be displayed in the 1 stack position Press CONT or 3j ON to return to the TDS 48GX program with this result With the screen filled out as above press SOLVE The first seven computed curve parameters will appear in the solution screen as Radius 150 000 Length 127 738 Chord 123 913 Degree 38 1150 Delta 48 4733 Tangent 68 031 External 14 707 These parameters are defined in the figure below Curves 4 4 CURVES PC Point of Curvature PT Point of Tangency P
187. way from Point 2 Reference R 36 REFERENCE SOLVE will compute the bearing and distances and display the results in the Results Screen as shown above BYPTS will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the inverse between points specified by point numbers see above BYCRD will transfer to an alternate Inverse Screen that will compute the inverse between points specified by coordinates see above Pt 2 Offset Dist Offset Pt Reference R 37 REFERENCE POINT IN DIRECTION SCREEN Purpose of screen to allow you to compute the coordinates of a new point by specifying a known point and a direction and distance from the known point Path From the Main Menu press M CO GO Menu K Point in Direction Occupy pt Azimuth Bearing gt gt Azimuth Horiz dist ang Store pt Ei T T5 Occupy point is the point number of the known point Azimuth Bearing is the direction from the known point to the unknown point Horizontal dist is the distance from the known point to the unknown point ang is the angle that will be added to or subtracted from the azimuth Store pt is the point number of the unknown point whose coordinates are to be computed SOLVE will solve for the unknown point coordinates based on the input information in the screen and will store these coordinates into the current job file at the specified point number DF
188. ween the TRAV and SIDES keys is that after a sideshot the TDS COGO48 will not change the occupied point or the backsight point Of course it will increment the foresight point to the next point number as it does for a traverse Step 5 In the same manner you should enter the data from the table for the remaining corners into the SMITH job file This will complete FS Points 2 to 8 Field Work 6 5 FIELD WORK SCREEN GRAPHICS At this point you may wonder if those coordinates resemble the SMITH property One way to tell is to look at these coordinates and try to figure out where they are in relation to the corners of the Smith property However there s an easier and faster way You can use the Screen Plot capability of the TDS COGOA8 to show the points of the SMITH job graphically in the display Path From where you are press PLOT or for the Screen Plot Screen It is shown below From point To point Screen Plot Using point list gt gt From point 1 To point 08 Plot pt number gt Yes lt Yes No Step 1 Specify points from point 1 to point 8 Step 2 Then press LINES 4 Use the 4 and V keys to scroll to the hidden portions of the plot 5 8 Step 3 You should now see a partial plot of the SMITH job in the display Use the V and 4 keys to view the rest of the plot Step 4 Press the ON key to return to the Screen Plot Screen Fiel
189. which we can establish our true elevation Before you begin the topo you will want to have an accurate elevation for your occupied point The Benchmark routine allows us to compute the elevation of an occupied point from the elevation of a foresighted point Path Press the direct access key BENCH or 3J P Or from the Main Menu press M CO GO then O Benchmark Remote Elevation FS elev FS pt gt gt FS elev 281 372 gt Zenith ang 87 2544 Slope dist 982 473 HI 5 420 HR 6 000 gt OC elev 237 879 Zenith Chng elev gt OC elev OC pt gt Field Work 6 10 FIELD WORK Step 1 Fill out the screen with the field data as shown above and press SOLVE The OC elevation is 237 88 The elevation determined by the 2 Pt resection was 110 348 with a difference of 127 53 This will be used later in Chapter 4 Step 2 Now change the OC elevation to OC pt and enter 50 Press SOLVE This time you will be asked if you want to overwrite point 50 Answer Y for yes The elevation of point 50 is now adjusted relative to the foresighted benchmark If the OC pt is selected the Benchmark routine will replace the existing elevation of the occupied point with the elevation calculated from the foresight When the OC elev prompt is chosen this routine will only display the calculated elevation TOPOGRAPHIC SURVEY OF THE SMITH PROPERTY From your position at point 50 you may now complete a
190. will not contain valid point data The stack that existed prior to executing RCLPT will have been lifted one level As an example to recall the coordinates of point 2 of the active job to the stack key in 2 into the command line Press ENTER Press a 0 RCLPT ENTER Printing amp Data Comm 9 7 PRINTING amp DATA COMM STORING DATA TO A COORDINATE FILE THE STOPG FUNCTION In order to store data into a coordinate file you must do four things 1 create a three dimensional vector variable called CURPT that contains the point s northing easting and elevation in that order 2 create a string variable called DESC that contains the point descriptor 1 3 place the point number in level 1 or the stack 1 4 Execute STOPG As an example to store the following coordinate values for point 7 in the active job Northing 2500 Easting 3000 Elevation 100 Descriptor execute the following keystrokes 10 2500 SPC 3000 SPC 100 SPC ENTER a o CURPT ENTER STO 1 o o POINT ENTER e o DESC ENTER STO 7 ENTER o o STOPG ENTER If the point is already in use in the current job you will be prompted if you would like to overwrite it In any event if the point data has been stored the stack will contain the point number in level 2 and the number 1 in level 1 If the data storage has not been accomplished the number 0 will be returned to lev
191. y You will return to the screen you were in before executing ESC When you return the value at the cursor location is replaced by the value from level 1 of the 48GX s stack NOTE If you find yourself at the HP 48GX system stack and do not know why or how you got there you may have inadvertently pressed the ESC key Check and see if HALT is displayed on the top of the screen If it is then press the CONT or ON keys If HALT is not displayed you must have accidentally EXITed the program Rerun the TDS COGO48 program STORE COMMAND Purpose of command to allow you to take any numeric value from an input field and store it to a temporary clipboard register Path From any screen or menu press 3l C To save a numeric value first highlight the field that you want stored and then press oJ C The value can be moved to another field using the RECALL key see below Reference R 12 REFERENCE PRINT COMMAND Purpose of command to allow you to print any screen or menu in the TDS COGO48 with the HP 82240B Infrared Printer Path From any screen or menu press D This command will output whatever is in the display of the TDS COGO48 to the HP 82240B Infrared Printer Before issuing this command you should be certain that the printer is properly positioned to receive the information that the printer has an adequate supply of paper and that it has been turned ON This function may be accessed from an
192. y screen or menu in the TDS COGO48 at any time that you want a hard copy of your work RECALL COMMAND Purpose of command to allow you to copy a numeric value from the clipboard register to the currently highlighted input field Path From any screen or menu press 3l E This command is used in conjunction with the STORE command After you have stored a numeric value to the clipboard register you can use RECALL to copy that value into a new field To copy a numeric value first highlight the field that you want to move it to then press SJ E MAIN COMMAND Purpose of command to allow you to return to the MAIN MENU from any other screen or menu in the TDS COGO48 Path From any screen or menu press 3l F This command will immediately return to the MAIN MENU of the TDS COGO48 It is a shortcut method of returning to the Main Menu home base without pressing EXIT repeatedly Reference R 13 REFERENCE GENERALIZED OPERATION OF A SCREEN The generalized operation of a TDS COGOMAS screen is to enter all of the required input data by moving the cursor key to the various data fields and keying in the required information For those data fields that are preceded by a scrolling data symbol gt you should use the horizontal cursor keys and scroll to the data input option that you want Data may be entered in any order During the data entry procedure no action is being taken by the TDS COGOA8 TDS
193. ys gt or Pressing one of these keys successively will allow you to review all of the prompt options which are permissible for this particular input line 7 Scrolling Data Symbol When the gt character appears in front of an input data field you know that you have a very restricted choice of inputs that you may specify for this data line All of the choices may be reviewed by moving the data entry cursor to the line in question and pressing either one of the horizontal cursor keys gt or Pressing one of these keys successively will allow you to review all of the data input options which are permissible for this particular input field 8 Command softkeys The first five softkey positions are reserved for the screen commands These are the keys that will cause the TDS COGO48 to perform some action based on the data which has been entered into the input data lines prior to invoking the command The action may be any number of things Some commands transfer control to another screen Others will perform some computation and return the results to the output lines of the current screen Still others will compute some results and transfer control to another screen Most often given the problem being solved and the name of the command the action taken will be obvious In any event all of the commands are described in detail in this reference manual Consult the section that describes the screen in question 9 The EXIT
194. zero area cross section key in the distance from the zero cross section area station to the first non zero cross section as the Station interval and press either CUT or FILL Do not use the FIRST softkey To end with a zero area key in a final point list of only one or two point numbers or enter only one or two points elevation and offset This will force a zero end area for the final cross section The average end area method computes volumes by taking the average of the two end areas of each section in turn and multiplying by the interval of the section However if one of the areas is zero the method used by the TDS COGO48 will use one third of the product of the non zero end area and the interval This computation will result in an approximate volume which will be much closer to the actual volume The technique of computing the volume of a gully is exactly the same as that for a berm except that you should use the FILL key to compute the volumes The cumulative volumes of a fill will be negative instead of positive Earth Work 8 7 EARTH WORK EARTHWORK AND ROAD CONSTRUCTION In the first section of this chapter you learned how to measure the volume of a berm or gully by using the average end area method which is built into the TDS COGO48 In this section you will extend this method to include the volume associated with converting a measured terrain to a design grade Assume that you have a series of cross se

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