USER MANUAL - Quark Nova Project
Contents
1. K The initial temperature of the system in K Code 3 3 Type r Process v Po g cm The initial density of the system in g cm ES Network Full Network Vv e Polytropic Index The neutron star matter is approximated by Environment NA Y a polytrope and as such the equation of state is P KpM D M To K 3 00000000E9 where n is the polytropic index Po lg em 1 00000000E11 pt e PO The initial internal pressure of the system in units of xe MeVfm Tis Duration s 1 00000000 s Decay time s 4 35400000E17 e V Exp km s The expansion speed of the ejecta in kilometers oe a de E per second m Update 500 e R km The initial radius of the ejecta packet in kilometers SE hot a P MeVfm 0 0005 fn km s 1E5 R km 2 Quark Nova Fig 13 Parameters available for the neutron star merger environment When the quark nova is selected as the r process site the underlying PO 5 parameters such as temperature and density are then calculated based on the parameters listed below General e M Mo The mass of the neutron star in solar masses a Type r Process Vv e R km The radius of the neutron star in kilometers icy A Network Full Network v e Maca Mo The mass of the neutron star ejecta Environment QuarkNova v To KI 3 00000000E9 e Zeta The percentage of quark nova energy transformed into kinetic py 9 cm energy of the ejecta p t Ye Once the quark nova parameters are specified the user2. 0 005 0 01 0 05 0 1 0 15 0 2 0 25 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 3 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 and each nuclei has a rate and cross sections associated with each grid point If the user wishes to change the range of the temperature grid this can be done while importing a new data set An excerpt of a ny yn data file can be seen in Fig 6 The series of numbers separated by tabs following the T9 defines the range of the temperature grid in units of 10 K the numbers must be increasing from left to right rjiinput_nggn txt Notepad E File Edit Format View Help T9 1 00E 03 5 00E 03 1 00E 02 5 00E 02 1 00E 01 1 50E 01 2 00E 01 a The row beginning with T9 defines the extent of the temperature or 0 1 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 1 1 1 4 453300E 04 4 415190E 04 4 381 300E 04 4 125780E 04 3 873750E 04 3 676100E 04 A E 2 2 584720E 02 2 974240E 02 3 203750E 02 4 193920E 02 5 125720E 02 5 985710E 02 6 1 3 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 1 2 3 7 745910E 02 8 517070E 02 9 380850E 02 1 489950E 03 2 029860E 03 2 484720E 03 2 2 4 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 000000E 00 0 Fig 6 Emaple n g g n data file For the case of the n Y y n data file each row after the commented out section comment string is follows the
3. 56 0 28 0 55 9433 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 57 0 29 0 56 9403 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 Import Initial Mass Fraction Ni 28 0 58 0 30 0 57 9355 494E 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 59 0 31 0 58 935 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Filename Ni 28 0 60 0 32 0 59 9314 1 96E 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 61 0 33 0 60 9317 8 59E 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 Column Separator Ni 28 0 62 0 34 0 61 9291 2 78E 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tab Ni 28 0 63 0 35 0 62 9306 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ae Ni 28 0 64 0 36 0 63 9283 7 27E 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 65 0 37 0 64 9306 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Ni 28 0 66 0 38 0 65 9292 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 oa Ni 28 0 67 0 39 0 66 9321 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 68 0 40 0 67 9322 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M IRN aan ain AR Q257 na na nn nn y Fig 3 The data module Display General Data Y Nuclear Data Y Fission Data Y n yn Data Y e Nuclear Data When selected the table will include Alpha Decay Rate s 1 Beta Decay Rate s 1 Beta Decay Q value the energy released by a beta decay Prob 0 bdn s the probability that during beta decay zero neutrons will be emitted Prob 1 bdn s the probability that during beta decay one neutron will be emitted Prob 2 bdn s the probability that during beta decay two neutrons will be emitted Prob 3 bdn s the probability that during beta decay three neutrons will be emitted Fig 4 The display panel The QUARK NOVA PROJECT probability of beta delayed neutron emission can be anything between 0 and 1 ho
4. must click the red Tis Import button in order to calculate the predicted physical parameters E A Decay time s 4 35400000E17 Zo Update 500 gt Custom Environment Quark Nova M M F 1 4 Choosing the custom environment allows the user to define a custom density R km 10 evolution profile The parameters available are S Moh 0 001 Zeta 0 01 e T K The initial temperature in Kelvin Fig 14 Parameters available for the quark nova 15 environment QUARK NOVA PROJECT e P g cm The initial density of the system in g cm e p t The density evolution function for static case set to p e z s Expansion timescale in seconds 16 QUARK NOVA PROJECT Graphs raphs are the main component by which the abundance information is conveyed to the user Several types of graphs ate available for plotting The graphs are displayed in the Graphs module in the Main Panel By default one graph is set to fill the entire Graph module window however one can choose to arrange the graphs in tile or cascade by clicking the Tile or Cascade button in the graph module toolbar directly below the main r Java 2 0 toolbar when the Graph module is attached to the main t Java 2 0 window Individual graph properties can be adjusted by right clicking anywhere on the graph sica Here you can save the graph information as a text file or save it as an image pe Additionally you can edit th
5. on the Graphs icon near the center of the main window 3 Click on the graph that appears in order to populate the Graph Parameters panel directly to the right of the graph 4 Click on the X axis tab in the Graph Parameters panel change the type to A set Min to 0 Max to 200 press Enter after you input the values for each and toggle Lock to enabled 5 Click on the Y axis tab in the Graph Parameters panel change the type to Abundance set Min to le 15 Max to 1 again remember to press Enter after you input the values for each toggle Lock and Log to enabled Click on the Code tab in the right most panel of the main window and choose NSE Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium as the code type Enter the following values remember to press Enter after you input the values for each T 3 E9 p 1E7 Ye 0 3 and click on the Calculator icon in the main toolbar The abundances will then be calculated and displayed on the graph Select r Process from the Type drop down box located at the top of the right most panel of the main window Switch to the Data module by clicking on the 2 icon along the main toolbar Click the Restore button green curved arrow at the top of the data table Note It will take a few seconds to restore the data to default values so if
6. text box you must press Enter for the change to be recorded r Java 2 0 does not monitor key presses and will not update unless Enter is pressed Individual modules can be detached from the main r Java 2 0 window by clicking the M icon Toolbar 1 t f t f f 1 1 Desktop Calculate Open Save Graphs Elements Messages Data Fig 1 The toolbar The toolbar is always present along the top of the main window of r Java 2 0 The toolbar provides a graphical interface to some common commands in r Java 2 0 The icons represent e Desktop Icon This icon sends the user to the desktop module e Calculate Icon This is the most important icon of t Java 2 0 which starts off any abundance calculation e Open Icon Opens a saved project e Save Icon Saves the current project e Graphs Icon This icon sends the user to the graphing module e Elements Icon This icon sends the user to the 3D periodic table module e Messages Icon This icon sends the user to the messages module 4 QUARK NOVA PROJECT e Data Icon This icon sends the user to the data module Desktop The desktop is the first screen that users will be greeted with when running r Java 2 0 The desktop contains quick links to the different modules of r Java 2 0 as well as dol aie ne system tools X 1 E E E Graphs Messages compFiss July TestProject pr MassSensitivit System Tools I N New This creates a new A D E B A blank project When r java
7. the last simulation run and Initial MF used in the full reaction network calculation as the initial abundance of the r process simulation gt Nad e Y Refresh Clear Restore Element Z A Mass amu SolarMF Mass Fracti Initial MF AlphaDec Parameters Co 27 0 81 0 54 0 81 0029 0 0 1 5827860 0 0 0 0 A Display Co 27 0 82 0 55 0 82 0113 0 0 7 4513932 0 0 0 0 General Data J Co 27 0 83 0 56 0 83 0179 0 0 7 5206941 0 0 0 0 A 5 Co 27 0 84 0 57 0 84 0266 0 0 5 4180428 0 0 0 0 Co 27 0 85 0 58 0 85 0339 0 0 2 2693440 0 0 0 0 Fission Data Co 27 0 86 0 59 0 86 0427 0 0 1 6357599 0 0 0 0 n y y n Data Co 27 0 07 0 60 0 07 0504 0 0 3 4970074 0 0 0 0 Co 27 0 88 0 61 0 88 0599 0 0 3 7883740 0 0 0 0 Baci Data Anos Co 27 0 89 0 62 0 89 0678 0 0 9 0316740 0 0 0 0 Preset Data Co 27 0 90 0 63 0 90 0776 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mass Model HFB21 v Co 27 0 91 0 64 0 91 0859 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Custom Data Co 27 0 92 0 65 0 92 0953 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 46 0 18 0 46 0491 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Data type Nuclear m Ni 28 0 47 0 19 0 47 0358 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 48 0 20 0 48 0195 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Column Separator Ni 28 0 49 0 21 0 49 0096 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 50 0 22 0 49 9953 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tab Ni 28 0 51 0 23 0 50 9885 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Space Ni 28 0 52 0 24 0 519755 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Ni 28 0 53 0 25 0 529692 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0 54 0 26 0 53 9579 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Export Ni 28 0 55 0 27 0 54 9523 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ni 28 0
8. the user is interested in adjusting a large set of data using the table would be cumbersome and thus r Java 2 0 provides the user with the option to change the data as a batch Batch Data Adjustments There is an option in r Java 2 0 to simply switch between nuclear mass models By switching the mass model a new set of nuclei is loaded into r Java 2 0 with masses and associated rates calculated with the logic of the chosen mass model If the user of r Java 2 0 chooses to make custom changes to the data we recommend that the user first exports the data set that will be changed in order to preserve the scope of the network Then once the user has made changes to the data set import the data back into r Java 2 0 This is recommended because typos such as making an isotopic chain discontinuous could lead to unrealistic results from the stimulations As well first exporting the data and then modifying Batch Data Adjustments Preset Data Mass Model HFB21 v Custom Data Data type Nuclear v Column Separator Tab Space Other Export Import Fig 5 Batch data adjustments QUARK NOVA PROJECT the output file ensures that the format is correct when re importing the data set e Changing Temperature Dependent Rates The neutron induced fission cross sections the neutron capture cross sections and photorates are interpolated from a temperature grid By default the temperature grids have 28 points in units of 10 K 0 001
9. Version t Process code for the Java platform USER MANUAL QUARK NOVA PROJECT r Java 2 0 User Manual Quark Nova Project University of Calgary 2500 University Dr NW Calgary Alberta Canada T2N 1N4 http quarknova ucalary ca Table of Contents lo A eee tamauals 1 QUICK SIAE erener eE Aaaa 2 Graphical User Interface scripete iiaae Ei 4 TOOD A oner a E N E O O 4 DOSKO A E e NR RRE AN 5 Ss Jtacetetaretatetenstaasetastinetac alate saree tuaarwiateneeiesteetameestas 5 MOUIE S untada 5 A A O A A 6 NOM arcada daa iaa aaa aid 6 Recent pro Sintra 6 Dala el OUI usais 7 Adiusung Data eat ehh castd atti ant cheae hat oath tae 8 COQS 10 A A Or oe Oe AE AE 11 A 11 Er O PE O POS PEO II ee a ee 12 INGIWOKK POr lirica 12 Setting Initial Abundances ooncccnnnccccccoonnccnnnncnonnnnnncnnnnnonononannenonnnnnnnnnnns 13 Environment DSi acia 14 OrapDS rasos oe epi sacas 17 QUARK NOVA PROJECT Cl Introduction process is needed to explain the origin of many heavy neutron rich nuclei The astrophysical site where the r process occurs however has not been positively identified Candidate avenues of research involve the study of winds around proto neutron stars ejecta from neutron star mergers and decompressing neutron rich matter from the surface of neutron stars Several mechanisms may play a role in this decompression include the quark nova T he rapid capture of neutrons and subsequent beta decay of the unstable n
10. cess simulation to start the neutron to seed abundance ratio cannot be lower than the user defined minimum cut off Where the seed abundance is calculated as the sum of Y Mass Fraction A for all the initial mass fractions e Use the Data table The user can as well simply enter the default mass fraction into the Initial MF column of the table seen on the Data Module Note the neutron to seed ratio requirement specified above e Set initial element WAITING POINT ONLY If the user is running an t process simulation using the waiting point network there is a further option for setting the initial abundances The user can specify Z as the initial element and Y as the initial electron fraction r Java 2 0 then calculates the initial abundances of the isotopes of Z In order to disable this option the user must set Z to 1 o NOTE for all other initial abundance methodologies the initial electron fraction is calculated by r Java 2 0 using the initial abundances 13 QUARK NOVA PROJECT Environment Type The choice of astrophysical environment for the r process determines how the physical parameters namely temperature and density of the system evolve r Java 2 0 gives the user a choice of three different possible astrophysical r process sites and the option to define a custom density evolution profile For details on the physics underlying each astrophysical environment please see 7 Java 2 0 the astrophysus Regardle
11. density Rates This graph will plot a temperature dependent rate of one or more isotopes versus temperature 18
12. e properties of the graph Many aesthetic options are available so Y vs A that you can customize your graph any ways you like pe Each graph can be selected by clicking on the appropriate graph icon in the Open Graphs 3 panel along the left hand side of the Graphs Module Once a graph is selected its parameters paral will become available in the Graph Parameters tab in the panel directly to the right adjacent of the graph Graph Parameters Fig 15 Open graphs panel Within the Graph Parameters panel are the options for one to adjust the axes properties modify the way the data sets are plotted and more The options are divided into the following tabs e X axis Y axis These tabs allow the user to do such things as assign a variable to that axis set the maximum and minimum as well as lock the axes will not auto adjust to fit data and choose a log scale e Data This tab provides the user with the options to change properties such as the line colour width and style as well as scale the data Storing Plots When an t process simulation is running the data will be plotted under the name Primary Data Point which appears in the window at the top of the Data tab in the Graph Parameters panel The user can store graphed data by simply changing its name This can be done during a simulation run without interrupting the code by changing the Primary Data Point name to anything else A Pr
13. e simulation click on the Data tab in the Graph Parameters panel directly to the right of the graph Click on the words Primary Data Point in the text field and then in the Properties panel that appears below change the Name and Color fields The next simulation run will regenerate a Primary Data Point data set To save the graph right click anywhere on the graph and choose Save Ascii or Save Image depending on if you want to save the text data or the image respectively Save the project by clicking the Save icon in the main toolbar or by clicking on the Desktop icon on the main toolbar left most icon and then clicking on the Save or Save As icons You can then open this project at a future time by using the Open icon in the toolbar or the Open icon on the Desktop or if the project appears under Recent projects on the Desktop by clicking on the icon with the desired project name The above steps should get you started in exploring the user interface Feel free to change parameters and options to see what the program can do QUARK NOVA PROJECT Graphical User Interface Java is graphical user interface to the r process code Navigating the toolbars menus and graphs is meant to be intuitive This section will briefly cover the function of each interface component An important point to note is that when you enter a value in a
14. eutron rich isotopes or t Code has been developed at the Quark Nova Project QNP to calculate the abundance of nuclei produced via the r process This code is capable of investigating any of the proposed astrophysical sites and as well allows for the study of other possible r process environments r Java is a graphical user interface to this code that makes exploring the parameter space simple and intuitive This manual describes the functionality of this graphical interface and assists in the use of the software The underlying code and methods for the t process calculation are not described here For an in depth review of the code and its application please see the following papers r Java 2 0 the nuclear physics Mathew Kostka Nico Koning Zach Shand Rachid Ouyed and Prashanth Jaikumar r Java 2 0 the astrophysics Mathew Kostka Nico Koning Rachid Ouyed Prashanth Jaikumar and Zach Shand These papers are available on the Quark Nova Project QNP website at http quarknova ucalgary ca QUARK NOVA PROJECT Quick Start Java 2 0 was designed to be user friendly and easy to use As such starting and running a project involves very few steps This chapter will present you with a quick no details list of commands to get started Once started you can explore the interface on your own or read further to understand the full details of the software 1 Launch r Java 2 0 via java webstart on the QNP website 2 Click
15. i 2 0 is first started a new project is automatically created This menu item is Calculate useful if you have a project loaded and you want to start a new one O pen O pens a saved Fig 2 The desktop N project Save Saves the current project to the current filename of the project If the project has not yet been saved a dialog will be displayed asking for the name of the file you wish to save to Information A Save As Saves the project to a filename of your choice Modules EZE Desktop Quick link to the desktop Desktop Graphs Quick link to the graphing module As well as displaying the graphs this is the module where the user can output the calculated abundances Messages Quick link to the messages module This module displays updates on the physical parameters of the system such as temperature and density at the current simulation time Error messages are as well displayed in this module 8 Data Quick link to the data module This module displays all the nuclear data such as masses and EN reaction rates for each nucleus in the network With this module the user is able to adjust the nuclear data for any or all of the nuclei QUARK NOVA PROJECT Elements Quick link to the 3D periodic table module Commands Calculate Begin a simulation run based on the code parameters set by the user Calculate Information te Memory Opens a window that displays memory informatio
16. imary Data Point data set will 17 reappear the next time the code reaches a time step that is a multiple of the Update parameter set by the user see Chapter 5 section r Process sub section Environment Iype Ye Graphs Graph Types 2109 y e Several types of graphs are available Rept Time Abundance Rates Cear Te Cacade sas including Open Graphs LARA x Graph Parameters ye itle E a ale ex 2 A Xais e Abundance This is the main ope Y ais graph type in r Java 2 0 and ce A plots attributes of all the 2 mej 1 5e 5 Poing mej 0 001 NSE start Point Primary Data Point loaded nuclei The variables Add Delete mim plotted on the axes can be TR selected via the parameters in Name mej 0 001 Type Connected wi the Graph Parameters tab in the Parameters panel Color AAA Visible Y 3 Selected Y Attributes you can plot a e sofa Line Width 27 include Z A N Mass Mass Shape Circe Fraction abundance and even e M solar abundances Yscale ik Normalize Control Points e Time This graph allows you inamm 100 00 200 00 300 00 Bins oF to plot values for every time Bin step in the r process code ds calculation The axis variables x 773714 1438 4499 available to this graph type Fig 16 Graph module with the Data tab open in the Graph Parameters panel include time temperature Q heat matter density entropy electron fraction and neutron
17. n such as average memory usage total A Memory used and memory usage rate Las Progress Opens window that displays the progress of the current simulation run Help Opens the user manual Recent projects In the recent projects section of the desktop a list of up to six 6 of the most recently used projects are displayed for quick access test Project name Loads the r Java 2 0 project of the given name QUARK NOVA PROJECT Data Handling ince r Java 2 0 calculates abundances of nuclei certain nuclear data such as neutron capture cross sections and decay rates is needed before the calculations can commence By default r Java 2 0 has a set of all the necessary data loaded see the paper r Java 2 0 the nuclear physus for details on the derivation of the data All of the data used by r Java 2 0 can be viewed in the Data module This module is dominated by an editable table that contains all of the data The user can adjust the amount of data displayed by toggling on off the selections listed in the Display panel Regardless of these selections the table will always include Element Z number of protons and A atomic mass number AAN e General Data When selected the table will include Mass amu the atomic mass of the nuclei Solar MF the solar mass fraction of the nuclei Mass Fraction the computed mass fraction of the nuclei for
18. owed for an r process simulation Once the ratio drops below this threshold the r process simulations stops Note Any changes that are made to the code or general parameters while a simulation is running will be immediately captured any incorporated into the current simulation For example changing the environment type will change the way density is evolved This can cause t Java 2 0 to crash or yield unexpected results 10 There exists however three different types of underlying code to perform these calculations Each code is suitable for a different scenario Different codes and their inputs can be selected by clicking the Code tab in the right most General Code MF Cutoff Min temp WP Min n WP Min Y N n r Figure 7 General network parameters 1E 15 gt 2E9 1E20 A 17 QUARK NOVA PROJECT NSE NSE is short for Nuclear Statistical Equilibrium and represents a state where the rate of all forward nuclear reactions is equal to the rate of the reverse reactions This code does not represent the conditions existing during the neutron matter decompression that t Java is used to investigate but is included as a benchmark or test of the underlying code This being said it is still useful for NSE work The code parameters tab in the Code panel displays the options for the NSE code These options include e T The temperature of the system in Kelvin e o The den
19. same format Z A N lt ov gt TO N lt ov gt Tl N lt ov gt TN Ay TO Ay T1 4y TN where TO represents the first temperature point in the grid and TN the last temperature point in the grid When making changes to the n Y y n data file the user must ensure that there is a neutron capture cross section and photorate associated with every temperature grid point QUARK NOVA PROJECT Codes sotope abundances are the main output from t Java 2 0 calculations panel of the main window For each code in r Java 2 0 in order to run the code the user must click the Calculate button found in the toolbar or on the desktop e General Parameters The parameters found on the General tab affect the r process network calculations o ME Cutoff This is the lower limit in mass fraction that will be considered non zero during an f process simulation Lowering this cutoff increases accuracy but at the expense of calculation speed o Min temp WP This is the lower limit threshold for temperature during a Waiting Point network t process calculation Once the temperature drops below this threshold the r process simulations stops o Min n WP This is the lower limit threshold for neutron density during a Waiting Point network t process calculation Once the neutron density drops below this threshold the r process simulations stops o Min Yn Yt This is the lowest neutron to r process abundance ratio all
20. sity of the system in g cm e Ye The electron fraction e Include coulomb interaction yes no See r Java 2 0 the nuclear physics for a discussion of this option After running the NSE code the user has the option to set the results from the NSE simulation as the initial mass fractions for an t process simulation To do this the user simply clicks the Set initial abd after having run the NSE code Fission The fission code calculates the fission fragmentation for a chosen nucleus In order to add a target nucleus the user must click the blue plus symbol at the bottom of the fission parameters panel Clicking the blue plus opens a window that lists all the available nuclei Clicking on a nuclei and hitting OK adds that nucleus as a target for neutron induced fission The parameters that affect the mass fragmentation distribution are e nEnergy MeV The energy of the incident neutron in MeV 11 General Code Type NSE v T K 3E9 p g cm 1E7 Ye 0 3 Coulomb interaction Y Set default Abd Figure 8 Parameters available to the NSE code type General Code Type Fission v 6 V MeV C MeV Standard I 17 0 65 Standard ll 2815 n Energy MeV 0 55 Y Fig 9 Parameters available to the fission code type QUARK NOVA PROJECT Standard I 6V The depth of the standard I fission fragmentation channel e Standard II dV The depth of the standard II fission fragmen
21. ss of the environment type all r process simulations have the following common parameters e Duration s How long the r process simulation is run for in seconds e Decay time s How long the simulation will decay back to stability after the r process stops default is the age of the Universe in seconds ES e Update This specifies how many steps in the calculation before the graphs are updated Setting this to a lower number allows you to see how the abundances are General changing but may take longer to calculate Code Type r Process v Input Parameters Network ll v On top of these common parameters each environment comes with a oe aoe Environment High entropy winds v specific set of input parameters To K 3 00000000E9 p g em p t High Entropy Winds Ye T S Duration s 1 00000000 The parameters available in the high entropy wind environment are Decay time s 4 35400000E17 Z SE 0 T K The initial temperature of the system in K res ary e Entropy The entropy of the wind AA Entropy 250 5 E V Exp km s 7500 e V Exp km s The expansion speed of the wind in 3 Ry km 130 5 kilometers per second Fig 12 Parameters available for the high entropy wind e R km The initial radius of the wind packet in recita kilometers Neutron Star Mergers The parameters available to the neutron star merger environment are 14 AA A x QUARK NOVA PROJECT General e T
22. tation channel Standard I C The strength of the standard 1 fission fragmentation channel e Standard II C The strength of the standard II fission fragmentation channel For details on the standard channels and their associated parameters please see 7 ava 2 0 the nuclear physics p p Jy Once the parameters are chosen and the user clicks Calculate either the mass fragmentation will be plotted in the Graphing module or a message will appear in the Messages module explaining what the minimum incident neutron energy is required to induce fission r Process The t process code is the main code in r Java 2 0 This code calculates the r process abundance for the given initial conditions The user is afforded many options when running r process simulations with r Java 2 0 Network Type e Waiting point This network calculation type assumes that the system is in n y lt gt y n equilibrium and thus the relative abundance along isotopic chains nuclei with the same Z is determined by neutron separation energy of each nucleus neutron density and temperature The reactions that are considered ate O decay O capture B decay neutron decay and fission This network is faster to run than the full network but is limited to high temperature gt 2 10 K and high neutron density n gt 10 cm e Full network This network calculation considers all the possible reactions O decay O capture B deca
23. wever r Java 2 0 will automatically normalize the probabilities after any change Fission Data When selected the table will include Prob BDF the probability that beta decay will lead to immediate fission of the resultant nucleus Fission Barrier MeV and a list of temperature dependent neutron induced fission rates by default there a 28 different temperature points denoted as nf TO0 nf T27 The temperature grid points are in units of 10 K 0 001 0 005 0 01 0 05 0 1 0 15 0 2 0 25 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 3 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 r Java 2 0 uses a custom interpolation technique in order to determine the intermediate rates n Y y n Data When selected the table will include a list of the Maxwellian averaged neutron capture cross sections N lt O V gt in units of mol cm s and y n Maxwellian averaged photo rates in units of s The temperature grid points are the same as that for the neutron induced fission rates in units of 10 K 0 001 0 005 0 01 0 05 0 1 0 15 0 2 0 25 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 0 9 1 1 5 2 2 5 3 3 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Adjusting Data The user can change any adjustable parameter by double clicking its cell in the table located in the Data module The parameters that are not adjustable are Z A N Solar Mass Fraction MF and Mass Fraction this column is where the output of the calculation is displayed If
24. y B delayed neutron emission neutron decay neutron capture photo dissociation and fission for each nucleus in the system This calculation runs slower than the waiting point approximation but is not limited to the high temperature high neutron density regime 12 QUARK NOVA PROJECT Setting Initial Abundances Import Initial Mass Fraction t Java 2 0 is equipped with several different options for setting the initial oe abundance for an r process simulation Column Separator e Use NSE module Once an NSE simulation is run the user Tab can click the Set initial abd at the bottom of the NSE code Space panel This will automatically set the resultant abundances from Other the NSE run as the initial abundances for the next r process mpor simulation ane Fig 10 Importing initial mass fractions e Import initial mass fractions Within the Data module at SA the bottom directly adjacent to the table is where one can import the initial mass fractions that will be used in E massImportTest txt Notepad the next r process simulation The format of the i i i File Edit Format View Hel mass fraction import file is Z A mass fraction Sa eee 3 7 0 2 each separated by the chosen character 26 70 0 1 92 235 0 1 o Do not include the mass fraction of neutrons in the import file as they will be calculated by r Java 2 0 Fig 11 Example of initial mass fraction import file o In order for an r pro
25. you move on to the next step and the scroll bar does not respond that is why just wait a couple more seconds there it should be done now QUARK NOVA PROJECT 10 I T Running fission 13 14 15 16 17 18 Scroll down in the table to Element Fe Z 26 A 56 In this row under the column Initial MF change the value from 0 0 to 0 3 remember to press Enter after making this change In the Code Parameter panel enter the following parameter values remember to press Enter after each entry To 1E9 p 1E8 tT 0 001 Decay time 1E4 and Update 50 and click on the Calculator icon in the main toolbar The abundances will then be calculated and displayed on the graph You can navigate between the Messages module to view the evolution of the physical parameters and the Graphing module to view the changes in the nuclei abundances without disturbing the code Select Fission from the Type drop down box located at the top of the right most panel of the main window Click on the blue plus symbol at the bottom of the right most panel of the main window Select Z 92 0 A 235 0 from the list shown in the pop up window and click OR Click on the Calculator icon in the main toolbar The fission fragmentation distribution will be calculated and displayed on the graph To store your results for comparison with a futur
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