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N9322C User's Guide

1. Setup Interval Type Time Distance Measure Rule Speed Accuracy Search Rule Speed Accuracy Top bottom Cycle On Off PI Home ay Measure Off gt Spectrogram Page Up Stop Run Pause Update Int ACPR Restart Meas Page Down On Off ee Update Int End Channel Power Off On Playback U gt x l Spectrg View Time Setting EW Palette gt Spectrg ne Im Spectrum Color Gray Tice Monitor Display Mode File Path Spectrg amp Trace SEM File Logging File Size Channel Edit Method Scanner I Scan Start Custom Std a Start F Scan Mode art preg Top N a l Freq Step Size Recall Bottom N m l Bandwidth Range Edit SS ui Number of Chn eas Interva Logging Start On Off pore N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Menu Maps 7 Mode Tracking Generator Spectrum Mode Analyzer Tracking ae Amplitude Generaotr Of On Power Meter Amptd Step Spectrum Monitor Amptd Offset Task Normalize Store Ref Planner gt 1 gt 4 Modulation Normalize Analysis Off On Reflection Norm Ref Lvl Measurement Norm Ref Posn Ref Trace Blank View N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 193 7 Mode Power Meter 194 Menu Maps Power Meter Y Zero Cal Meas Disp Meas Setup Preset
2. Neg Peak Detector Auto Man Average Number Off On Average Dura Off On Avg Restart Variable A Variable B Variable C Math Type Trace Math Math By Log Pwr Pwr Menu Maps Off A B gt C B A gt C A B gt C N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 7 201 7 Menu Maps 202 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Index Numerics 3GPP W CDMA 126 802 11a 127 802 11b 127 A Abs Start 128 Abs Stop 128 adjacent channel power 123 Amplitude key 102 annotation marker 34 Attenuation 102 attenuation reducing 44 Average 164 B BW Avg key 106 C Calibrate using T combo 71 calibration freq change 138 Calibration span changes 71 CE mark 10 Center Freq 111 CF Step 112 channel power 119 comparing signals off screen 37 on the screen 35 Continuous PK 149 CSA mark 10 c tick mark 10 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer D delta marker 115 Det Display key 109 Detector 163 distortion measuring 53 DTF Measurement 73 E Enter key 110 error message 17 ESC CLR 110 ESD 21 external reference 24 F Fail Mask 129 firmware revision update 25 front panel overview 4 front panel using 30 harmonic distortion measuring 53 improving frequency resolution and accuracy 49 instruction manual 10 instrument messages 167 Int Preamp 102 L Limits 159 M Marker key 114 Marke
3. The maximum power for the RF IN port and the RF OUT port of the analyzer is 30 dBm 1 W The maximum power for the U2000 Series Power Sensor port is 25 dBm 316 mW When directly coupled to a base station the test set can be damaged by excessive power applied to any of these three ports To prevent damage in most situations when directly connect an analyzer to a base station use a high power attenuator between the analyzer and the BTS 74 If you suspect other signals may be present it is recommended that you turn off all the other channels and measure average power only on the signal of interest Another option is to measure channel power which is less accurate that filters out all other channels signals N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Making an Average Power Measurement N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The average power measurements provide a key metric in transmitter performance Base station transmit power must be set accurately to achieve optimal coverage in wireless networks If the transmit power is set too high due to inaccurate power measurements undesired interference can occur If the transmit power is set too low coverage gaps or holes may occur Either case affects system capacity and may translate into decreased revenue for service providers Average power can be measured for the channel of interest while the base station is active All other channels should be inactive Average pow
4. N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 21 2 Getting Started BSA PC software 22 Agilent HSA PC software is an easy to use PC based remote control tool for the N9322C spectrum analyzer It is able to be discretely used as a spectrum monitor to display and control the trace scans simultaneously with the analyzer or a file manager to send get files between the anaylzer and PC It also provides some data analysis function for your further use You can get this software in the Help Kit CD or download from http www agilent com find n9322c To connect the analyzer via the USB LAN port to a PC no extra driver is required All you need is the Agilent 10 libraries suite which is in the Help kit CD shipped with your analyzer or download the 10 libraries suite from http www agilent com find iolib For the further descrption of the BSA PC software please refer to the online help embedded in this software N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started 2 Helpful Tips The following contains information to help in using and maintaining the instrument for optimum operation including alignment external reference firmware update and option activation Perform Calibration The N9322C provides three manual calibration function to calibrate the time base and amplitude The analyzer should warm up for 30 minutes before calibration Time Base Calibration Perform a time base calibration to guarantee the frequency accuracy The analyzer should
5. 1 Press the MODE gt Reflection Measurement gt Distantce To Fault to select the DTF mode 2 Press FREQ gt Start gt 50 gt MHz to set the start frequency to 50 MHz 3 Press Stop gt 400 gt MHz to set the stop frequency to 400 MHz 4 Press Calibrate to bring up the calibration process guidance Follow the instructions to perform a calibration For more information about calibration refer to Preparation on page 71 5 Remove the calibrator and connect the cable under test DUT to the RF OUT connector on the top panel of the tester The DTF measurement starts and the results are displayed on the screen A peak in the horizontal trace indicates a defective location 73 3 Functions and Measurements Making a Power Measurement with USB Power Sensor CAUTION The N9322C spectrum analyzer supports the U2000 and U2020 series USB power sensors The U2000 Series USB power sensors do not need manual calibration and zero routines performed Calibration and zeroing are performed without removing the power sensor from the source through internal zeroing With internal zeroing of U2000 Series USB power sensors there is no need to disconnect the sensor or power off the DUT The U2000 Series do not require 50 MHz reference signal calibration allowing the factory calibration to ensure measurement accuracy For best accuracy users are recommended to perform external zeroing for input signals below 30 dBm for best accuracy
6. On 9 00 11 00 16 00 4 00 Man 0 00 20 00 Man 1 B On 11 00 20 00 4 00 12 00 Man 20 00 28 00 Man 1 C On 20 00 30 00 12 00 24 00 Man 28 00 40 00 Man 1 D On 30 00 50 00 24 00 24 00 Couple 40 00 40 00 Couple 1 E Off 50 00 100 00 24 00 24 00 Couple 40 00 40 00 Couple 1 a Res BW is set to 100 kHz and Fail Mask is set to Rel Table 4 4 Offsets amp Limits Defaulted for 802 11b Radio Standard Offset Start Freq Stop Freq Abs Start Abs Stop Rel Start Rel Stop Meas MHz MHz dBm dBm dBc dBc BW A On 11 00 22 00 10 00 10 00 30 00 30 00 1 B On 22 00 50 00 30 00 30 00 50 00 50 00 1 C Off 50 00 70 00 30 00 30 00 50 00 50 00 1 D Off 70 00 90 00 30 00 30 00 50 00 50 00 1 E Off 90 00 100 00 30 00 30 00 50 00 50 00 1 a Res BW is set to 100 kHz Fail Mask is set to Rel and Abs Stop and Rel Stop are both set to Couple Offset Select the offset pairs upper and lower that the softkeys N9322C Spectrum Analyzer will affect and displays the memory selection menu from A to E the analyzer can store up to 5 sets of values for Start Freq Stop Freq Sweep Time Res BW Meas BW Abs Start Abs Stop etc Press Offset to select the letter of the desired offset is underlined Only one selection at a time is shown on this key label Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits 127 4 128 Key Reference Start Freq On Off Stop Freq Sweep Time Auto Man Res BW Auto Man Abs Star
7. Sets the power meter softkey menu options to the preset conditions For example the upper and lower limits are set to their preset limit values Key access Mode gt Power Meter Spectrum Monitor Spectrogram Run Pause Restart Meas Update Interval Press Mode gt Spectrum Monitor to access the submenu listed as below Toggles the spectrogram monitoring between Run and Pause Key access MODE gt Spectrum Monitor Resets the spectrogram display Key access MODE gt Spectrum Monitor Enables you to set the interval of time to update data to 1 or more seconds Or you may set it to automatically determine the Update Interval that provides the maximum data collection speed A data sample is taken every time interval for display on the spectrogram Increasing the update time allows data capturing over a longer period of time in the spectrogram Key access MODE gt Spectrum Monitor N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Spec View Palette Disp Mode File Logging N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Enables you to view the details in the captured spectrogram when the Spectrogram is running Pressing Spec View pauses the running spectrogram Press Home End to view the first last spectrogram in cache Press Playback to playback the spectrogram process The direction and the update interval is changeable as your need Key access MODE gt Spectrum Monitor Toggles the spectrogram color mode between full color a
8. or Agilent Technologies Deutschland GmbH Herrenberger Stra e 130 71034 B blingen Germany N9322C RevA www agilent com Agilent Technologies Inc 2012 Printed in China First Edition Nov 2012 N9322 90002 ope Agilent Technologies
9. 05 27 Channel Power Center Freq 50000000GHz Span 3 000000MHz Span Power Disp Mode 3 5000000006Hz Sp OOMHZ Chart Heter 00kHz YBW 30 000kHz ms Channel Power Power Spectral De 57 41 120 42 dBn 2 00 MHz dBn Hz Hore 1 of 2 Disp Range gt Please follow the similar procedure as above to measure the channel power in the CDMA and LTE standard To measure the channel power in GSM standard the default setting is 10 MHz span 300 kHz RBW and the continuous peak search is enabled The instrument will measure the channel power after the center frequency is changed N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Files Operation Functions and Measurements 3 The analyzer will store and retrieve data files similar to using a PC The analyzer allows you to view and save files in the internal storage of the analyzer or to a USB storage device This section provides information on how to locate catalogs file types and to save files Locating and Viewing Files in the Catalog State Trace Setup Screen Limits CSV Task Planner Correction Standard N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The analyzer has four types of files records the current controls and settings of the analyzer Use this file type for saving test parameters for future recall such as frequency and BW settings file extension STA stores trace information file extension TRA records the system setting information such as language date time
10. 515 2 715 30 00 14 00 14 00 Couple 30 00 30 00 1 B On 2 715 3 515 30 00 14 00 26 00 Man 30 00 30 00 1 C On 3 515 4 000 30 00 26 00 26 00 Couple 30 00 30 00 1 D On 4 000 8 000 1000 00 13 00 13 00 Couple 30 00 30 00 1 30 00 33 E On 8 000 12 500 1000 00 13 00 13 00 Couple 30 00 30 00 1 a Fail Mask is set to Absolute and Rel Stop is set to Couple Table 4 2 Offsets amp Limits Defaulted for W CDMA 3GPP Mobile Station Measurements Offset Start Stop Res BW Abs Abs Rel Rel Rel Stop Meas Freq Freq kHz Start Stop Couple Start dBc BW MHz MHz dBm dBm dBc A On 2 515 3 485 30 00 71 07 71 07 Man 35 23 49 78 1 B On 4 000 7 500 1000 0 55 84 55 84 Man 35 50 39 00 1 C On 7 500 8 500 1000 00 55 84 55 84 Man 39 00 49 00 1 D On 8 500 12 000 1000 00 55 84 55 84 Couple 49 00 49 00 1 E Off 12 500 15 000 1000 00 55 84 55 84 Couple 49 00 49 00 1 a Abs Stop is set to Couple and Fail Mask is set to Abs AND Rel 126 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Table 4 3 Offsets amp Limits Defaulted for 802 11a and HiperLAN 2 Radio Standards Key Reference 4 Offset Start Stop Abs Abs Abs Rel Rel Stop Rel Meas Freq Freq Start Stop Couple Start dBc Couple BW MHz MHz dBm dBm dBc A
11. 767 768 770 780 781 782 783 784 805 Fatal LDS error Attempt to initialize the instrument state has failed Cycle instrument power If this fails to correct the problem contact your nearest Agilent Technologies service center Unable to load user state Attempt to load a state failed because the state was saved with a measurement personality that is not currently loaded Load the appropriate personality and try again Incorrect filename You sent a remote command to save a screen file but did not specify a valid extension No Peak Found No signal peak was found that meets the criteria under Peak Search gt Peak Criteria Video Trigger cannot be active You sent a remote command to do one of the following e Turn on video trigger while the Average Detector or a Marker Function is active e Turn on the Average Detector or a Marker Function while Video Trigger is active Video Trigger cannot be used with Mkr Func Due to the Average Detector the video Trigger cannot be used with Maker function Allowable span for current CF exceeded Allowable CF for current span exceeded Doing Alignment N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Agilent N9322C Spectrum Analyzer User s Guide 6 Troubleshooting This chapter includes information on how to check for a problem with your Agilent Technologies spectrum analyzer and how to return it for service If you experience a problem or would
12. Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Delay Set the delay time to be applied between the trigger event and all the gate start times This allows you to time shift all the gates by the same amount with one setting change Slope Select the positive or negative slope type to determine if the trigger event is recognized on the rising or falling edge of a signal respectively Holdoff Set the holdoff time to disable the trigger mechanism after a trigger event occurs Hysteresis Set the hysteresis to help generate a more stable trigger by preventing triggering unless the RF power level achieves the trigger level and the additional hysteresis value It can be applied to both rising and falling edge trigger generation Hysteresis is only available for the internal trigger source and manual trigger level 83 3 Functions and Measurements Demodulate the AM FM signal 84 The N9322C provide the AM FM demodulation function Demodulating an AM Signal The demodulation function allows you to demodulate and hear signal information displayed on the analyzer Simply place a marker on a signal of interest set the analyzer in zero span activate AM demodulation turn the speaker on and then listen Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Connect an antenna to the RF IN connector Select a frequency range on the analyzer For example the frequency range for AM broadcasts in the United States is 5
13. C8303 Option 918 125V 15A 8120 5181 SI 32 Option 919 Israel 250V 16A 8120 8377 GB 1002 Option 922 China 2 15 2 Getting Started Power On and Check 16 Connect the AC power cord into the instrument Insert the plug into a power socket provided with a protective ground Set the tilt adjustors for your preference Figure 2 1 Plug in and angle adjustment Press the AC line switch on the rear panel The standby LED on the front panel will light and the spectrum analyzer is in standby mode AC power applied Press the standby switch 5 on the front panel The On LED will light and the spectrum analyzer boots up Self initialization takes about 25 seconds the spectrum analyzer then defaults to the menu mode After power on let the spectrum analyzer warm up for 45 minutes for stabilization The front panel switch is a standby switch only it is not a power switch To completely disconnect the spectrum analyzer from the AC line power shut off the power switch on the rear panel N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started 2 Check for Instrument Messages N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The spectrum analyzer has two categories of instrument messages error and warning messages A error message is triggered by operation errors for example parameter setting conflicts or data input that is out of the range of a parameter An warning message may be triggered by hardware defects which could result in dam
14. Deviation FSK Error Nag Error Carr Freq Offset N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Measuring Channel Power Channel Power measures the power and power spectral density in the specified channel bandwidth A white frame on the display indicates the edge limits of the channel bandwidth The user must specify the center frequency reference level and channel bandwidth to be used for the measurement The power calculation method used to determine the channel power is a traditional method known as the integration bandwidth IBW method A swept spectrum is used as the basis for this calculation Therefore it is important to set the resolution bandwidth correctly before making this measurement using the following formula RBW k span n Please refer to the procedures below to set a channal power measurement 1 Press Meas gt Channel Power to select the channel power measurement mode 2 Press Standard Customize to choose the radio stadard 3 There are four wireless standard options WCDMA CDMA LTE GSM Press WCDMA as an example Once the standard is set the integration bandwidth and span will be automatically set according to the standard N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 93 3 94 Functions and Measurements Press Center Freq to change the center frequency of the current signal channel Adjust the center frequency to measure other channel power in the same standard Agilent18 26 10 2010
15. Frequency Span Press Span gt 50 gt MHz to set 50 MHz frequency span Changing the reference level changes the amplitude value of the top graticule line Changing the center frequency changes the horizontal placement of the signal on the display Increasing the span will increase the frequency range that appears horizontally across the display Reading Frequency and Amplitude 1 Press Peak Search to place a marker labeled 1 on the 10 MHz peak N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 33 3 34 Functions and Measurements Note that the frequency and amplitude of the marker appear both in the active function block and in the upper right corner of the screen Figure 3 1 10 MHz Internal Reference Signal Marker Annotation Atten 20 dB VBH 300 0 kHz Use the knob the arrow keys or the softkeys in the Peak Search menu to move the marker The marker information will be displayed in the upper right corner of the screen Changing Reference Level Press Amplitude and note that reference level Ref Level is now the active function Press Marker gt Marker To gt Mkr gt Ref Lvl Changing the reference level changes the amplitude value of the top graticule line N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Measuring Multiple Signals This section provides the information on how to measure multiple signals Comparing Signals on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The delta marker f
16. Power On Off Preset gt Timed Pwr On or Timed Pwr Off sets the time switch to power on off the N9322C in a user defined time and date This function requires the power supply connected Press Repeat Mode Once Everyday to set the N9322C boot up off in the pre saved time everyday The pre saved date is invalid in this mode Power Preset Last Press System gt Pwr On Preset gt Power On Last to activate this function For the standard N9322C this operation only save the last state if the analyzer is turned off by the front panel power switch N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started 2 Data Securities The N9322C offers the optional memory erase function for data security Press System gt More gt Securities gt Erase Memory to erase all the user data in internal memory Press Enter as a terminator to start the erase process immediately The memory erase process takes about 15 minutes During the time there must be a constant power supply to ensure the successful erase If the erase process is interrupted please reboot the instrument and erase memory again Probe Power Output N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The Probe Power provides power for high impedance AC probes or other accessories 15 V 12V 150 mA maximum The Porbe Power is set to off as default Press System gt More gt Port Setting gt Probe Power On to switch on the porbe power output 27 2 Getting Started 28 N9322C Spec
17. Press General Setup gt Freq to set the frequency of the signal under test As a wideband device the power sensor has a frequency response The power sensor utilizes a complex correction algorithm to remove power measurement error due to linearity error frquency response and temperature drift to generate a more accurate measurement 79 3 80 Functions and Measurements The analyzer provide the customer preset function with U2020 X series power sensor Press Meas gt Preset and the predefined protocol list will pop up Select the wanted item and press Preset as a terminator The related settings will be set automatically Figure 3 27 Customized Preset the U2020 Power Sensor SH DENO2 Node U2021XA Preset Select Use knob or up down key Choose Use Preset soft key I i it l cdnaOne X Start 0 000 dl 10 00 dB Div cdna2000 1 Time 0 0008 iDEN 45us 7 58 54ns Pow 69 00d HCPA Ifns 9 23 51us 2 Tine 0 0005 Radar 04us 97 57 Pow 69 00d 802 11a 45ns 41 59kHz 4 Press Meas Disp gt Disp Mode gt Trace to find the measurement results as Figure 3 28 below Figure 3 28 Peak Power Measurement Power Heter Hodel U2021XA SH DEN0O2 1 Tine 0 000s 100 0s 53 91ns 7 67 97ns Pow 29 79dBn gt 35 29dBm 21 2305 84 15ns 2 Time 0 000s 22 22dBm 9 992 2ns 1 6 Pow 29 79dBn 13 0608 16 18ns 1 007NHz Marker Readings Gate Results Pulse Parameter Results N9322C S
18. Press Trace Det gt Select Trace gt Trace 2 Press Clear Write Trace 1 remains in maximum hold mode to show any drift in the signal Slowly increase the frequency of the signal generator Your analyzer display should look similar to Figure 3 15 Figure 3 15 Viewing a Drifting Signal With Max Hold and Clear Write Ref 11 00 dBm Atten 10 dB VBW 10 00 kHz N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Making Distortion Measurements This section provides information on measuring and identifying signal distortion Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion N9322C Spectrum Analyzer High level input signals may cause analyzer distortion products that could mask the real distortion measured on the input signal Use trace and the RF input attenuator to determine which signals if any are internally generated distortion products In this example we use the RF output of a signal generator to determine whether the harmonic distortion products are internally generated by the analyzer Connect the signal generator to the analyzer RF IN Set the source frequency to 200 MHz amplitude to 0 dBm Set the analyzer center frequency and span Press Preset Press Frequency gt 400 gt MHz Press Span gt 500 gt MHz Figure 3 16 Harmonic Distortion 00 dBm Atten 20 dB 53 3 54 Functions and Measurements The signal produces harmonic products spaced 200 MHz from the original 200 MHz signal in the
19. When Preset Type is set to Factory sets the sweep mode to continuous sweep Key access Sweep When the analyzer is in continuous sweep mode and not in a measurement mode MEAS gt Measure Off pressing Sweep gt Single Sweep will change the sweep setting to single sweep It will then begin a sweep after the trigger conditions are met If the analyzer is already in single sweep pressing Sweep gt Single Sweep will execute a new sweep as soon as the trigger condition is met If average is on TRACE gt More gt Average Number On pressing Sweep gt Single Sweep will halt averaging of the current value and then continue averaging from the current count number when a single sweep function triggers Key access Sweep Accesses the menu of keys that allow you to select the trigger mode of the analyzer This softkey is only available in zero span Free Run New sweep starts as soon as possible after the current sweep ends Video Activates the trigger condition that starts the next sweep if the detected RF envelope voltage rises to a level set by the video trigger level When Video is pressed a line appears on the display The analyzer triggers when the input N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Gated Sweep N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 signal exceeds the trigger level at the left edge of the display Change the trigger level by using the arrow keys the knob or the numeric keypad This function is not available when
20. Yes Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 gt Edit Amplitude Sets the amplitude value for the current point Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 gt Edit Connected To Previous Pt Yes No Defines if the current point being edited is to be connected to the previous point Pressing this key toggles the Connected value between Yes and No Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 gt Edit Delete Point Deletes the current point in the limit line Pressing this key will delete the point immediately Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 gt Edit Delete Limit Deletes the current limit set Pressing this key will delete the limit line entirely Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 Delete Purges data from the limit line tables Pressing this key All Limits will delete all the limit line data immediately Key access Shift gt Limit N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 161 4 Key Reference Trace 162 Trace 1234 Clear Write Max Hold Min Hold View Blank Accesses the trace keys to store and manipulate trace information Each trace consists of a series of points in which amplitude data is stored The analyzer updates the information for any active trace with each sweep Selects the trace for current use Key access Trace Det gt Trace 1234 Erases any data previously stored in the selected trace then continuously displays any signals during each sweep of the analyzer This function
21. Zero Zero Type INT EXT Auto Range Dis Range On Off Range Resolution Lower Upper Disp Mode Limits Meter Char On Off Chart View Upper Limit Pause Lower Limit Freq Limit Beep Power Range Rel Limits On Off f Offset Rel Offset On of Average Average On Off Meas Interval Avg count Auto Man Return Step Detect On Off N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Mode AM FM Modulation Analysis Menu Maps 7 AM FM Modulation Analysis r gt N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Carrier Freq Auto Scale Peake On Off IFBW Ref Value Peak EqLPF Ref Position Peak 2 Detector Scale Div RMS X Scale 2 Ext Gain Peak Hold Y Scale On Off More Return Return CarrFreq Step Limit Attenuation On Off Average CarrPow Upr Preamp On Off On Off Limits AMDepth Up FreqDev Up Auto CarrFreq AMDepth Low On Off FreqDev Low Sweep CarrFreq Off Up Single Cont Single More ee More Ext Gain is only available in Y Scale submenu 195 7 Menu Maps Mode ASK FSK Modulation Analysis Auto Scale R Symbol ASK FSK Modulation Analysis 196 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Meas Filter Carrier Freq On Off Symbol Rate Ref Value Waveform Ref Filter Filter Setup Ref Position ASK FSK
22. a clock defect please contact your nearest Agilent Customer Contact Center CCC for service N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 179 6 Troubleshooting Contact Agilent Technologies 180 Agilent Technologies has offices around the world to provide you with complete support for your spectrum analyzer To obtain servicing information or to order replacement parts contact the Agilent Technologies customer contact center listed below In any correspondence or telephone conversations refer to your spectrum analyzer by its product number and full serial number Online assistance http www agilent com find assist United States Canada China tel 800 829 4444 tel 877 894 4414 tel 800 810 0189 fax 800 829 4433 fax 800 746 4866 fax 800 820 2816 Europe Japan Korea tel 31 20 547 2323 tel 81 426 56 7832 tel 080 769 0800 fax 31 20 547 2390 fax 81 426 56 7840 fax 080 769 0900 Latin America Taiwan Australia tel 1 305 269 7500 tel 0800 047 866 tel 1 800 629 485 fax 0800 286 331 fax 61 3 9210 5947 Other Asia Pacific Countries tel 65 6375 8100 fax 65 6755 0042 Email tm_ap agilent com N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Agilent N9322C Spectrum Analyzer User s Guide 1 Menu Maps This chapter provides a visual representation of the front panel keys and their associated menu keys in Spectrum Analyzer mode Refer to Chapter 4 Key Reference starting on page 101 for key function description
23. access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis gt More Changes the step size for the center frequency function Once a step size has been selected and the center frequency function is activated the arrow keys change the center frequency by the step size value The step size function is useful for finding harmonics and sidebands beyond the current frequency span of the analyzer Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis gt More gt More This function can remedy the carrier frequency deviation when the deviation less than symbol rate 5 Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis gt More gt More 143 4 Key Reference ASK FSK Modulation Analysis Carrier Freq Symbol Rate Filter Setup View Use the arrow keys to highlight the mode you need and press ENTER as a terminator When this mode is selected the ASK FSK modulation analysis menu will be displayed Sets the modulated carrier frequency Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis This specifies the fundamental symbol rate of the signal to be analyzed The values should be positive The non positive value will be converted to 1Hz The measurement accuracy will be impacted if this value isn t set precisely Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis Accesses the Filter setup submenu for further configuration Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis Meas Selects the Measure Filter as Root Nyquist Filter Nyquist and Ga
24. and power saving mode This file type is not used for test parameter setup information file extension SET stores screen captures of the display file extension JPG which stores data sets to determine whether a trace has exceeded preset specifications file extension LIM records the trace data and available for review on PC file extension CSV contains the user defined measurement tasks in sequence which make the test task easier in field test file extension TPF The amplitude correction file is used for trace amplitude offset compensation Please refer to Correction on page 90 to edit and save the correction file on BSA PC software file extension TPF contains the frequency range and corresponding parameters for a specific communication standard It allows you to recall those default settings for the singal searching and testing in that range file extension STD 95 3 96 Functions and Measurements Saving a File CAUTION The anlyzer allows you to save files states traces limits or screens to a USB storage device USB or internal storage INT The following is an example of how to save a trace to internal storage INT Select the save destination for the file This example will select the internal storage INT Press File gt Directory gt Memory Type INT Press Return gt Save as the pop up window displays for your further setting Edit a file name A file
25. frequency as current marker frequency value e narrow the span to 1 10 as previous span e If RBW is set to Auto the RBW will be coupled with span automatically If RBW is set to manual the RBW will be narrowed as 1 10 Zoom out resumes the state before Zoom in is pressed Key access Marker gt More gt Read Out DeltaRef Adjusts the delta marker reference level manually This function is exclusive when marker mode is set to delta N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 117 4 Key Reference Key access Marker gt More gt Delta Ref All Off Turns off all markers including markers used for signal track and marker annotations Key access Marker gt More gt All Off Logging Press this softkey to start recording the marker value to a Start Stop CSV file The frequency and amplitude value of the marker will be continuously recorded in the file Press this softkey Logging Stop again to stop logging and save the CSV file immediately Key access Marker gt More gt Read Out 118 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Meas Key Reference 4 In the Spectrum Analyzer mode see MODE Meas key displays a menu for measurements such as adjacent channel power occupied bandwidth channel power spectrum emission mask and TOI Press Measure Off to turn the measurement off Channel Power Center Freq Integ BW Span Span Power N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Channel Power measures the power and power spectral density in the specified cha
26. is activated for trace 1 at power on and Factory Preset Key access Trace Det gt Clear Write Retains the maximum level for each trace point of the selected trace Updates the trace point value if a new maximum level is detected in successive sweeps Key access Trace Det gt Max Hold Retains the minimum level for each trace point of the selected trace Updates each minimum trace point if a new minimum level is detected in following sweeps Key access Trace Det gt Min Hold Holds and displays the amplitude data of the selected trace The trace register is not updated as the analyzer sweeps press View to retrieve a stored trace previously deactivated by pressing Blank Key access Trace Det gt View Stores the amplitude data for the selected trace then removes the trace from the display The selected trace register no longer updates as the analyzer sweeps To activate this function for traces 2 3 and 4 at power on press Preset when Preset Type is set to Factory and Factory Def Key access Trace Det gt Blank N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Detector detector type N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Softkey presents a submenu to select a specific detector type or allows the analyzer to select the appropriate detector for a particular measurement Regarding detectors it is important to understand what is a trace bucket For every trace point displayed there is a finite time during which the data f
27. software function in which sets the input impedance for unit conversions This set affects the results when the y axis unit is voltage or current units dBmV dBuV dBuA V A but does not affect the results when it is power units dBm W The selected impedance is for computational purposes only since the actual impedance is set by internal hardware to 50 ohm Key access Amplitude gt More gt Impedance Press this softkey to turn on the power spectral density function When it is set to On the measurement result and amplitude parameters will be shown in power spectral density The PSD function can only be enabled in Spectrum Analysis and Spectrum Monitor mode Key access Amplitude gt More gt PSD Funtion 105 4 Key Reference BW 106 Res BW Auto Man Video BW Auto Man VBW RBW Auto Man This hardkey activates the resolution bandwidth function and accesses the softkey menus that control the bandwidth and averaging functions controls the 3 dB resolution bandwidth of the analyzer from 10 Hz to 3 MHz using the knob or arrow keys There are four available bandwidths less than 1 KHz are 10 30 100 Hz or 300 Hz If an invalid bandwidth is entered using the numeric keypad the analyzer chooses the closest acceptable bandwidth As the resolution bandwidth is decreased the sweep time is modified in order to maintain amplitude accuracy Resolution bandwidth is also coordinated with the frequency span As the span is de
28. the Resolution Bandwidth is less than 1 kHz Selecting a Resolution Bandwidth less than 1 kHz while in Video Trigger mode changes the Trigger mode to Free Run External Activates the trigger condition that will start a sweep when the external voltage connected to EXT TRG IN on the rear panel passes through approximately 2 volts The external trigger signal must be a 0 V to 5 V TTL signal Key access Trace gt More The analyzer provides two sweep time rules to meet the different sweep time requirements Gate View Toggles the Sweep type between Sweep and FFT mode The default setting is sweep mode View SweepTime Toggles the Sweep type between Sweep and FFT mode The default setting is sweep mode Gate Delay Toggles the Sweep type between Sweep and FFT mode The default setting is sweep mode Gate Length Toggles the Sweep type between Sweep and FFT mode The default setting is sweep mode Gate Source Toggles the Sweep type between Sweep and FFT mode The default setting is sweep mode 157 4 158 Key Reference Swp Time Rule Sweep Type Swept FFT The analyzer provides two sweep time rules to meet the different sweep time requirements Speed Activates the default fast sweep time rule Accuracy Activates the normal sweep time rule to ensure the measurement accuracy Speed sweep time rule provides a fast measurement function that decreases the sweep time Using Fast Sweep will decrease t
29. the corresponding limit for Abs Start and Abs Stop and the limit for Rel Start and Rel Stop Abs OR Rel Set the limit test to show Fail if one offset s the absolute spectrum emission mask measurement results is larger than the corresponding limit for Abs Start and Abs Stop or the limit for Rel Start and Rel Stop Specifies the bandwidth to use when measuring the offset When using the front panel only the currently selected offset is affected All the offsets are affected when remote control This is the multiplier applied to the resolution bandwidth to determine the bandwidth to integrate when calculating the power Meas BW is restricted to be 1 and not changeable Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits gt More gt More 129 4 Key Reference MODE 130 Selects the measurement mode of your analyzer Spectrum Analyzer mode is the default mode and is for general purpose measurement use Tracking Generator Amplitude CAUTION Accesses the tracking generator functions Option TG3 Key access Mode Toggles the tracking generator output between on and off The power level can then be adjusted using the numeric keypad arrow keys or knob Pressing any digit 0 through 9 on the numeric keypad brings up the selected terminator menu The output level range is 30 dBm to 0 dBm When Amplitude Off is selected the output attenuation is set to the maximum attenuation Key access Mode gt Tracking Generator Powe
30. 50 to 1650 kHz Press Frequency gt Start Freq gt 550 gt kHz gt Stop Freq gt 1650 gt kHz Place a marker on the signal of interest Press Peak Search gt Next Right Pk or Next Left Pk Set the frequency of interest to center frequency Press Marker gt Marker To gt Mkr gt Center Change the resolution bandwidth to 100 kHz Press BW gt 100 gt kHz Press Span gt Zero Span Press Sweep gt Sweep Time gt 10s to set the sweep time Set the detector type and turn on AM demodulation Press Trace Det gt Detector gt Sample Press Marker gt Function gt Demod Press Demod Setting gt Demod Type AM N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Demodulating an FM Signal N9322C Spectrum Analyzer This section demonstrates how to demodulate and listen to an FM signal using the built in FM demodulator Using the built in FM demodulator you can tune to an FM signal and view the results of the detector output as displayed in the time domain Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Use a signal source or connect an antenna to recieve FM signal In this example the signal is modulated at 300 MHz with FM deviation of 10 kHz and FM rate of 1 kHz If you are using a broadcast FM signal the FM channels are broadcasting between 87 7 MHz to 107 7 MHz Set the center frequency to the center of the FM signal in this case 300 MHz Press Frequency gt 300 gt MHz Set the analyzer to zero s
31. Agilent N9322C Spectrum Analyzer User s Guide Yii Agilent Technologies Notices Agilent Technologies Inc 2012 No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means including electronic storage and retrieval or translation into a foreign language without prior agreement and written consent from Agilent Technologies Inc as governed by United States and international copyright laws Manual Part Number N9322 90002 Edition First Edition November 2012 Printed in China Agilent Technologies Inc No 116 Tian Fu 4st Street Hi Tech Industrial Zone South Chengdu 610041 China Software Revision This guide is valid for firmware revision A 04 20 or later of the N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Warranty The material contained in this document is provided as is and is subject to being changed without notice in future editions Further to the maximum extent permitted by applicable law Agilent disclaims all warranties either express or implied with regard to this manual and any information contained herein including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Agilent shall not be liable for errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing use or performance of this document or of any information contained herein Should Agilent and the user have a separate written agreement with warranty terms cove
32. C Spectrum Analyzer User s Guide 1 Overview Agilent N9322C ata Glance 2 Front Panel Overview 4 Rear Panel Overview 9 Front and rear panel symbols 10 This chapter provides a description of the Agilent N9322C spectrum analyzer and an introduction to the buttons features and functions of the front and rear instrument panels For the latest product information please refer to the link below http www agilent com find n9322c For the latest option information please refer to the link below http www agilent com find sa_upgrades SEE Agilent Technologies 1 Overview Agilent N9322C at a Glance Features The Agilent N9322C spectrum analyzer is a portable swept spectrum analyzer with a frequency range of 9 kHz to 7 0 GHz It can be widely used in an electronic manufacturing environment and in functional final QA test systems The Agilent N9322C spectrum analyzer primary features and functions are described below e Power Measurement Suite The built in one button power measurement suite offers channel power ACP OBW and TOI measurements and contains a Pass Fail testing capability with a mask for out of channel emissions measurement Precision Frequency Reference Option PFR The optinal OCXO frequency reference provides the precise frquency measurement capability Spectrum Monitor Option MNT Provides the capability to analyze the stability of a signal over time The analyzer can be used t
33. Error Alpha BbT View Scale Div Eye Diagram Filter Symbols X Scale Ext Gain Y Scale More Return Return Meas Length Limit R Free Run CarrFreq Step On Off Average CarrPow Upr RF Trigger Auto CarrFreq On Off On Off Trigger ASK Depth Up EXT Rise Attenuation FreqDev Up Auto Man Limits ASK Depth Low Ext Fall Preamp On Off Sweep CarrFreqOff Up Trig Delay Single Cont On Off Single More _eeeee eee More Amplitude Mode Reflection Measurement Reflection Marker Measurement Auto Scale Hold 123456 a it Sweep Ref Level Single Cont Normal Return Loss I Scale Div Single Sweep Delta VSWR c off Cable Loss Cable T cl za ype Cont M Cable Type RG BTS Cust on ul ax DTF l Window Select Cable Continuous Min On Off Meas Setup Cable Atten All Off p None Vel Factor Disp Mode Rectangular On Off Hamming J J Start Distance 3 Sample Limit Line Blackman Data gt Mem On Off Stop Distance 4 Sample Limits i Blackman Data On Off Unit Meters Feet Memory Edit Limits Freq Domain 2 Off Data amp Memory Limit Type I S Upper Lower More Trace Math Limit Beep On Off Average On Off a Press Meas twice to toggle the submenu between Meas setup and Mode setup b The Meas submenu is specific for DTF measurement c The Cable Type and Window submenu is specific for DTF measurement N9322C S
34. On Ratio 10 Ratio 1 Is Detector Is Avg Type Sample Power Ratio 10 Ratio 1 Is Avg Type Power Ratio 1 Is Trace Average On Ratio 10 Ratio 1 Key access BW gt VBW RBW Chooses one of the following averaging scales log power video power RMS or voltage averaging When trace average is on the average type is shown on the left side of the display Selecting an average type manually causes the analyzer to use that type without regard to other analyzer settings Key access BW gt Average Type 107 4 108 Key Reference Voltage Selects the logarithmic decibel scale for all filtering and averaging processes This scale is Video because it is the most common display and analysis scale for the video signal within a spectrum analyzer This scale is excellent for finding CW signals near noise When this type of averaging is selected LgAv appears on the left side of the display Power In this average type all filtering and averaging processes work on the power the square of the magnitude of the signal instead of its log or envelope voltage This scale is best for measuring the true time power of complex signals When this type of averaging is selected PAvg appears on the left side of the display Log Pwr In this Average type all filtering and averaging processes work on the voltage of the envelope of the signal Th
35. a instrument measurement setup Press System gt Pwr on Off Preset gt Preset Type to select the preset type When Preset Type is set to Factory pressing Preset triggers a factory preset condition The instrument will immediately return to the factory default instrument parameter setting When Preset Type is set to User pressing Preset triggers a user preset condition The instrument will immediately return to the user defined instrument parameter setting When Preset Type is set to Last pressing Preset triggers a last power off condition The instrument will immediately return to the parameter setting when it is power off last time Setting up a User Preset To quickly return to instrument settings that are user defined perform the following steps to save the instrument state as the user defined preset 1 Set the instrument parameters to the values and settings necessary for the user preset state This would include the frequency span amplitude BW and measurement type and any other setup details desired N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 31 3 32 Functions and Measurements 2 Press System gt Pwr on off Preset gt Save User to save the current instrument settings as the user preset state The user preset will not affect the default factory preset settings User preset settings can be changed and saved at any time Figure 3 1 Factory Default Preset Set
36. age to instrument Here are some tips to check the instrument messages Check the display to see if any messages display in the status bar Press System gt System Info gt Error History to review each message Refer to Chapter 5 Instrument Messages for detailed system message descriptions When you have reviewed and resolved all of the error messages press System gt System Info gt Error History gt Clear error queue to delete the messages Cycle the power to the analyzer and re check to see if the instrument messages are still there If the error messages cannot be resolved please contact the Agilent Customer Contact Center for assistance or service 17 2 Getting Started Environmental Requirements 18 Ventilation Agilent Technologies has designed this product for use in Installation Category II Pollution Degree 2 per IEC 61010 1 Agilent has designed the spectrum analyzer for use under the following conditions e Indoor use e Altitude lt 3 000 meters e Operating temperature range 5 to 45 C Storage temperature range 20 to 70 C e Relative humidity range 15 to 95 This equipment is Class A suitable for professional use and is for use in electromagnetic environments outside of the home Ventilation holes are located on the rear panel and one side of the spectrum analyzer cover Do not allow these holes to be obstructed as they allow air flow through the spectrum analyzer Wh
37. ageNumber To turn averaging off press Average Number Off AverageNumber Key access Trace Det gt More gt Average Number On Off N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Average Dura On Off Trace Math N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Initiates a digital averaging routine that averages the trace points in an average duration resulting in trace smoothing Increasing the average duration will further smooth the trace The average is restarted when any of the following occurs e A new average duration is entered e Any related parameter e g center frequency is changed e Avg Restart is pressed Press Average Dura Off to turn off averaging Key access Trace Det gt More gt Average Number On Off This softkey provides a submenu for the traces operation Key access Trace Det gt More gt More gt Trace Math Variable A B C Press those softkeys to select a trace for variable A B and C or a display line for variable A and B for the trace calculation A B gt C Turn this softkey on to calculate variable A minus variable B The result will display as variable C when all the variables is set to on This function and A B gt C can not be set to on simultaneously A B gt C Turn this softkey on to calculate variable A plus variable B The result will display as variable C when all the variables is set to on This function and A B gt C can not be set to on simultaneously Math By This softkey t
38. ake sure the file catalog is set to INT or USB unless the logging file can not be saved successfully When the logging file exceeds the maximum volume of the storage catalog the logging will automatically pause and the file will be saved immediately Display In channel scanner mode the Disp hardkey is used to adjust the channel scanner display to review the customized scan result Press Freeze to pause the display refresh but the scan is still running You can sort the channel by ID or power in ascending or decending order Or you can press Disp Mode to toggle the display mode between bar mode and time mode Figure 3 23 Time display mode in List N channel scanner Unit dBm Ref 0 00 100 00 Att o En pe MHz MHZ dBm 934 987 1 250 75 00 2 935 012 1 250 66 00 935 037 1 250 64 00 935 063 1 250 75 00 935 087 1 250 57 00 935 112 1 250 64 00 935 137 1 250 41 00 935 162 1 250 38 00 935 188 1 250 37 00 935 212 1 250 27 00 935 237 1 250 38 00 935 262 1 250 27 00 935 287 1 250 20 00 935 313 1 250 17 00 935 337 1 250 19 00 935 362 1 250 12 00 935 387 1 250 4 00 935 412 1 250 1 00 1 250 2 00 1 250 18 00 935 438 935 462 67 3 68 Functions and Measurements Channel Scanner Setup To customized the channel scan process you can press Meas gt Channel Scanner gt Setup to set the measurement interval and rule in the submenu The Meas Interval is a value of time distance during which t
39. alized trace Trace 3 is subtracted from Trace 1 and the result is added to the normalized reference level The trace data is normalized with respect to the normalized reference level even if the value of the normalized reference level is changed This function remains in effect on all subsequent sweeps until it is turned off The normalize function is most useful for applying correction data to a trace while making a stimulus response measurement with a tracking generator For example connect the cables and a thru line in place of the device to be measured between the tracking generator and the analyzer input Notice that the frequency response is not perfectly flat showing the response of the cables as well as the flatness of both the tracking generator and the analyzer Now press Store Ref 1 gt 3 Normalize On Notice that the displayed trace is now flat or normalized The position of the normalized trace can now be moved to a different position on the display by changing the normalized reference position This may be useful if the device to be tested has positive gain such as an 131 4 132 Key Reference Norm Ref Lvi Norm Ref Posn Ref Trace View Blank amplifier Now replace the thru line with the device under test and an accurate measurement of the gain or loss can be made Sets the level in dB of the normalized reference Offsets the displayed trace without affecting the instrument gain or att
40. alyzer Frequency Menu Auto Tune Center Freq Start Freq Stop Freq Chan Standard Unit Freq Channel CF Step Auto Man Freq Offset LowFreqChannel This softkey is only visible when option BB1 is installed N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Menu Maps 7 187 7 Limit Menu 188 il Limit 1 Limit 2 Limit Fixed Rel Limit Type Upper Lower Limit Line Off On Limit Off On X Axis Unit Freq Time Limit Beep Off On Edit Limits Points Freq Amplitude Add Delete Point Margin Off On Start Threshold Off On Recall Limits Save Limits Delete All N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Marker Menu ge Marker 123456 Marker Trace Mode Function Marker To Marker Table On Off More Read Out Frequency gt Zoom In Delta Ref Normal Normal Delta Counter Delta Pair Ref Delta Noise Span Pair Span Center Band Power Relative to Demod off Demod Setting AM gt To Center To Start To Stop Delta to Span Demod Type AM FM Speaker Vol Delay Time All Off Logging Start More N9322C Spectrum Analyzer To Reference Frequency Period Time Menu Maps 189 7 7 Menu Ma
41. alyzer is connected to line power OnLED green lights when the analyzer is switched on Standby LED lights when the analyzer is connected to the line power Remote LED lights when the analyzer is remotely controlled by a PC via the USB host interface on the rear panel USB Device Connector provides a connection between external USB devices and the analyzer such as a USB memory device N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Overview 1 Display Annotations l gt Frequency HS poggoo0 i Auto Tune Start Freq Stop Freq 3 000500006Hz Channel Std Unit od Channel T oa 06 Item Description Notes Associated function key 1 Average Type BW gt Average Type 2 Reference Offset Amplitude gt Ref Offset 3 Amplitude scale Amplitude gt Scale Type 4 Reference level Amplitude gt Ref Level 5 Display Line Disp gt Display Line 6 Time and date display System gt Time Date 7 RF attenuation Amplitude gt Attenuation 8 Marker frequency Marker 9 Marker amplitude Marker 10 Indicator S Shift R Remote Control 11 USB disk indicator The USB memory device is in use 12 Key menu title Dependent on key selection N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 7 1 Overview 13 Softkey menu Refer to Key Reference for details Dependent on current function key selection 14 Frequency span SPAN 15 Sweep time Sweep gt Sweep Time 16 Fequency
42. alyzer will wait to begin a sweep after receiving an external trigger signal Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis gt More Set a limit value to warn you if the measured value exceeds the value specified here The test reuslt will be in purple if this reslut exceeds the corresponding limit value Limit Turns on off the limit function CarrPow Upr Sets the carrier power upper limit FreqDev Up Low Sets the frequency deviation upper lower limit CarrFreOff Up Sets the carrier frequency offset upper limit Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis gt More Togglese the sweep type between single and continuous in ASK FSK mode When this softkey is set to Single press the next Single softkey to execute a new sweep as soon as the trigger condition is met Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis gt More N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Single CarrFreq Step Auto CarrFreq N9322C Spectrum Analyzer On Off Key Reference 4 When the analyzer is in continuous sweep mode pressing this softkey will change the sweep setting to single sweep It will then begin a sweep after the trigger conditions are met If the analyzer is already in single sweep pressing this softkey will execute a new sweep as soon as the trigger condition is met If average is on pressing this softkey will halt averaging of the current value and then continue averaging from the current count number when a single sweep functio
43. an FM Signal 85 Analysis the Modulated Signals 87 AM FM Modulation Analysis 87 ASK FSK Modulation Analysis 90 Measuring Channel Power 93 Files Operation 95 4Key Reference 101 Amplitude 102 BW 106 Display 109 Enter 110 ESC lt 110 Frequency 111 Marker 114 Meas 119 Channel Power 119 Occupied BW 121 ACPR 123 Spectrum Emission Mask 124 MODE 130 Tracking Generator 130 Power Meter 133 Spectrum Monitor 136 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Contents Reflection Measurement 138 AM FM Modulation Analysis 140 ASK FSK Modulation Analysis 144 Peak Search 148 System 151 Span 154 Sweep 155 Limit 159 Trace 162 5Instrument Messages 167 Overview 168 Command Errors 169 Execution Conflict 171 Device Specific Errors 173 6Troubleshooting 177 Check the basics 178 Contact Agilent Technologies 7Menu Maps 181 Amplitude Menu 182 BW Avg Menu 183 Det Display Menu 184 File Menu 1 of2 185 File Menu 2 of 2 186 Frequency Menu 187 180 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Contents Marker Menu 188 Marker gt Menu 189 Measure Menu 1 of2 190 Measure Menu 2 of2 191 MODE Tracking Generator 192 MODE Power Meter 193 MODE AM FM Modulation Analysis 194 MODE ASK FSK Modulation Analysis 195 Name Editor Menu 196 Peak Search Menu 197 Preset System Menu 198 SPAN Menu 199 Sweep Trig Menu 200 Trace Menu 201 Index 203 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Contents N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Agilent N9322
44. an be saved for reports and future Measurements In the following example you can use any source available such as your remote key of the car as long as it has ASK FSK generation capability For ASK FSK signal its Filter is Nyquist and Alpha is 0 35 ASK Modulation Analysis Please refer to the procedures below to analysis the ASK demodulation 1 Connect the signal generator to RF IN connector and turn on the signal generator s ASK modulation and RF output 2 Turn on the ASK demodulation analysis function Press MODE gt Modulation Analysis gt ASK 3 Press Frequency gt Carrier Freq gt 100 gt MHz to set the carrier frequency 4 Press Meas gt Symbol Rate gt 10 gt MHz to set the symbol rate N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 5 Press Filter Setup gt Ref Filter gt Nyquist to set the filter type 6 Set the attenuation state to Auto default Press Amplitude gt Attenuation Auto 7 Press Shift gt Disp gt Y Scale gt Scale Coupling On to set the Y scale auto coupling 8 Setting the ASK depth limit and turn on the limit function Press Shift gt Limits gt ASK Depth UP gt 71 gt gt ASK Depth Low gt 70 gt gt Limits on 9 Press Shift gt Disp gt Display gt Eye Diagram to view the eye diagram Figure 3 31 ASK Eye Diagram CSU HE Att 0 dB CarrFreq 100 000000 MHz Carrier Power ASK Error ASK Depth ASK Index Carr Freq Offs
45. analyzer input mixer as shown in Figure 3 16 Change the center frequency to the value of the first harmonic Press Peak Search gt Next Peak Press Marker gt Marker To gt Mkr gt CF Change the span to 50 MHz and re center the signal Press Span gt 50 gt MHz Press Peak Search Press Marker gt Marker To gt Mkr gt CF Set the attenuation to 0 dB Press Amplitude gt Attenuation gt 0 gt dB To determine whether the analyzer generates harmonic distortion products first display the trace data in trace 2 as follows Press Trace Det gt Select Trace gt Trace 2 Press Clear Write Allow trace 2 to update minimum two sweeps then store the data from trace 2 and place a delta marker on the harmonic of trace 2 Press Trace Det gt View Press Peak Search Press Marker gt Mode gt Delta The analyzer display shows the stored data in trace 2 and the measured data in trace 1 The MarkerA indicator reads the difference in amplitude between the reference and active markers Increase the RF attenuation to 10 dB Press Amplitude gt Attenuation gt 10 gt dB N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Notice the MarkerA amplitude readout This is the difference of the distortion product amplitude between 0 dB and 10 dB input attenuation settings If the MarkerA absolute amplitude is approximately gt 21 dB for an input attenuator change the analyzer is generatin
46. and Save disappears N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Frequency Auto Tune Center Freq Start Freq Stop Freq N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 The hardkey activate the center frequency function and access the menu softkeys for frequency functions The center frequency or start and stop frequency values appear below the graticule on the display When changing both the center frequency and span change the frequency first The frequency value may limit the span performs the following functions automatically 1 Run Peak Search in full span 2 Run Mkr gt CF 3 Select the appropriate reference level according to the amplitude of searching signal 4 Set span to 1 MHz and all auto couple to view the signal The Auto Tune functions in the frequency range of 5 MHz to 7 GHz The minimum detectable amplitude is 65 dBm For more information about Peak Search refer to Peak Search on page 148 Key access Frequency gt Auto Tune activates the center frequency function and sets the horizontal center of the display to a specific frequency Key access Frequency gt Center Freq sets the frequency starting at the left side of the graticule The left and right sides of the graticule correspond to the start and stop frequencies Key access Frequency gt Start Freq sets the frequency at the right side of the graticule The left and right sides of the graticule correspond to the start and stop frequen
47. ard this equipment in domestic household waste Do not dispose in domestic household waste To return unwanted products contact your local Agilent office or refer to http www agilent com environment product N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Agilent N9322C Spectrum Analyzer User s Guide 2 Getting Started Check the Shipment and Order List 12 Safety Notice 14 Power Requirements 15 Power On and Check 17 Environmental Requirements 19 Electrostatic Discharge Protection 22 Helpful Tips 23 This chapter helps you in preparing the spectrum analyzer for use and provides the information to start using the spectrum analyzer correctly SEE Agilent Technologies 11 2 Getting Started Check the Shipment and Order List 12 Options After receiving the shipment first check the shipment and your order list Inspect the shipping container and the cushioning material for signs of stress Retain the shipping materials for future use as you may wish to ship the analyzer to another location or to Agilent Technologies for service Verify that the contents of the shipping container are complete Shipping Problems If the shipping materials are damaged or the contents of the container are incomplete please contact the nearest Agilent Technologies office to arrange for repair or replacement You will not need to wait for a claim settlement If you must return an analyzer to Agilent Technologies use the original or comparable shipping ma
48. at certain offsets relative to the total carrier power It may also be expressed as a ratio of power spectral densities between the carrier and the specified offset frequency band For WLAN the reference power is taken as the peak PSD in the signal and all offset results are also the peak PSD in that offset as opposed to the integrated power Set Avg Number to On to specify the number of measurement averages used when calculating the measurement result The average will be displayed at the end of each sweep Setting Avg Number to Off disables measurement averaging Key access Meas gt SEM Displays a menu to select a measurement reference type Total Pwr Ref or PSD Ref Key access Meas gt SEM Total Pwr Ref When Total Pwr Ref is selected the power in the carrier is used as the reference in computing the relative power values for the offsets PSD Ref When PSD Ref is selected the mean power spectral density of the carrier is used in computing the relative power spectral density values for the offsets Accesses the softkeys to change the reference channel settings Key access Meas gt SEM Chan Integ BW Specifies the integration bandwidth used in calculating the power in the main channel Chan Span Specifies the span used in measuring the power in the main channel N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Sweep Time Auto Man Res BW Auto Man Total Pwr Ref PSD Ref Auto Man Key Reference 4 Specifies the sweep time used i
49. ate and the filter Alpha value When the filter is set to On there will be an annotation RRC ON on the display Key access Meas gt Channel Power Press this softkey to set the filter bandwidth of the RRC filter The default value is 2 MHz Key access Meas gt Channel Power N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Occupied BW N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Occupied Bandwidth integrates the power of the displayed spectrum The power bandwidth routine first computes all signal power contained in the trace then calculates the span containing the power of the specified percentage The percentage value default is 99 of the occupied bandwidth power For 99 occupied power bandwidth Markers are placed at the frequencies on either side of 99 of the power 1 of the power is evenly distributed outside the markers The difference between the marker frequencies is the 99 power bandwidth This is the main menu of occupied bandwidth measurement including all related parameters and measurement results The occupied bandwidth function also indicates the difference between the center frequency and the center frequency of the channel This Transmit Freq Error is defined as the difference between the f f2 2 and the tuned center frequency of the signal To get the correct measurement result first set the center frequency reference level and channel spacing e Selecting a Method Press MEAS gt OBW gt Method
50. be made using the knob the arrow keys or numeric keypad In non zero spans When the sweep time is auto coupled the analyzer selects the optimum shortest sweep time ranging from 10 ms to 1000 s The auto selection is determined by three measurement settings e Frequency Span e The selected Resolution Bandwidth e The selected Video Bandwidth Note that changing one of the three factors above will change the sweep time The sweep time is in direct ratio to frequency span and is in reverse ratio to the selected resolution bandwidth and video bandwidth when auto coupled With sweep time set to a value less than the minimum auto coupled value an annotation Data out of range appears in the active function block and the sweep time is automatically converted to the minimum auto coupled value N9322C Spectrum Analyzer In zero span Auto coupled does not function when in a zero span The sweep time can only be set manually The sweep time is selectable from 6 s to 200 s in zero span 155 4 156 Key Reference Sweep Single Cont Single Sweep Trigger In FFT Mode In FFT mode the sweep time default is auto coupled The submenu sweep time is invalid in FFT mode Key access Sweep Pressing Sweep Single puts the analyzer in single sweep mode Press Sweep Single to initiate a sweep when in single sweep mode Press Sweep Cont Performs one sweep after another as soon as it is triggered Pressing Preset
51. center frequency of the main channel power Key access Meas gt ACP Specifies the range of integration used in calculating the power in the main channel Use the knob the arrow keys or the numeric keypad to set the bandwidth Key access Meas gt ACP Press Adjacent Chn to choose the number of the adjacent channel There are optional 6 adjacent channels Press adjacent Chn State to turn on off each adjacent channel power display Key access Meas gt ACP Specifies the range of integration used in calculating the power in the adjacent channel Use the knob the arrow keys or the numeric keypad to set the bandwidth Key access Meas gt ACP Sets the space value between the center frequency of main channel power and that of the adjacent channel power Key access Meas gt ACP This softkey is a combined key to set the Root Raised Cosine filter state and the filter Alpha value When the filter is set to On there will be an annotation RRC ON on the display Key access Meas gt ACP Press this softkey to set the filter bandwidth of the RRC filter The default value is the integrated bandwidth Key access Meas gt ACP 123 4 124 Key Reference Spectrum Emission Mask Avg Number On Off Meas Type Ref Channel Spectrum Emission Mask measurement includes the in band and out of band spurious emissions As it applies to W CDMA 3GPP this is the power contained in a specified frequency bandwidth
52. cies Key access Frequency gt Stop Freq 111 4 112 Key Reference CF Step Auto Man Channel Std Freq Offset changes the step size for the center frequency function On selecting a step size and activating the center frequency function the arrow keys change center the frequency by the step size value The step size function is useful for finding harmonics and sidebands beyond the current frequency span of the analyzer Selecting auto couple sets the center frequency step size to one division 10 percent of the span Key access Frequency gt CF Step The Channel Standard softkey is a shortcut to loada factory preset standard file STD which is located in system memory as default The standard file list includes most communication protocol standards which is used in several countries Please refer to Loading a file on page 72 for how to recall a file Key access Frequency gt Channel Std inputs a frequency offset value added to the frequency readout of the marker to account for frequency co versions external to the analyzer Offset entries are added to all frequency readouts including marker start frequency and stop frequency Offsets may only be entered using the numeric keypad Offsets are not added to the span or frequency count readouts Entering an offset does not affect the trace display When a frequency offset is entered its value appears on the bottom of the display To eliminate an offset p
53. creased the resolution bandwidth decreases When the VBW RBW is set to AUTO if the resolution bandwidth changes the video bandwidth changes to maintain the VBW RBW ratio A mark appears next to Res BW on the display when it is not coupled To recouple the resolution bandwidth press Res BW Auto Key access BW gt RBW changes the analyzer post detection filter from 1 Hz to 3 MHz using the knob or arrow keys If an invalid bandwidth is entered the analyzer chooses the closest available bandwidth As the video bandwidth decreases the sweep time will increase to maintain amplitude accuracy A mark appears next to VBW on the bottom of the analyzer display when it is not coupled To couple the video bandwidth press Video BW Auto Key access BW gt VBW Sets the ratio between the video and resolution bandwidths When a signal is weak and is visually masked by the noise floor set the ratio to less than 1 to lower the noise When the Preset Type is set to Factory and Preset is pressed the ratio is set to 1 Change the ratio by using the arrow keys N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Average Type N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 knob or numeric keypad When VBW RBW Auto is selected the ratio is determined automatically by the rules in Figure 4 1 Figure 4 1 VBW RBW Ratio Auto Rules Is Detector peak Is Trace or Negative peak Average
54. ctrum Analyzer 99 3 Functions and Measurements 100 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Agilent N9322C Spectrum Analyzer User s Guide 4 Key Reference This chapter describes each front panel hardkey and their associated softkeys menus The front panel key descriptions are organized alphabetically The lower level softkeys are listed as they appear in the softkey menus oh Agilent Technologies 101 4 Key Reference Amplitude 102 Ref Level Attenuation Auto Man Preamp On Off Scale Div Press Amplitude hardkey to activate the reference level function and access the amplitude softkey menu The softkey menu selections are described as follows Sets the reference level This function is activated when Amplitude is pressed The reference level is the amplitude power or voltage represented by the top line of the graticule on the display Setting the reference level changes the absolute amplitude level in the selected amplitude units of the top graticule line Key access Ampiltude gt Ref level Toggles the input attenuation between Auto and Man The attenuation level can be set in as little as 1 dB increments when Man is selected The analyzer input attenuator is normally coupled to the reference level control it reduces the power level of the input signal at the input mixer Selecting Auto re couples the attenuator Change the attenuation by using the arrow keys the knob or the numeric keypad Key access Ampiltude g
55. d File not found 651 The analyzer could not find the specified file Connect TG OUT to RF IN Attempt to align the tracking generator without its output connected Connect the TG SOURCE to RF IN N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 652 751 752 753 757 758 760 762 764 N9322C Specturm Analyzer Instrument Messages 5 Connect CAL OUT to RF IN you must connect the CAL OUT to RFIN with the appropriate cable Instrument state set to initial values While trying to load a trace or state the state information was found to be in error This may be because the state had been stored on a later revision of analyzer firmware A default set of state variables was loaded instead There is nothing wrong with the analyzer Unable to load state from file Attempt to load a state from a file failed Unable to save state to file Attempt to save a state to a file failed See the associated error messages for the cause Unable to load user state A user preset failed so the factory preset values were used Save a valid state into user preset and try again Unable to save user state Attempt to save a user preset state failed Unable to query state Query of state over the remote interface was unsuccessful Unable to load file A failure occurred while loading a file Unable to save file Attempt to save a file failed the file was not saved 175 5 176 Instrument Messages
56. d conditions are fully understood and met N9322C Spectrum Analyzer In This User s Guide N9322C Spectrum Analyzer This guide contains operation information for the N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The following are descriptions of the chapters within this book Overview A description of the front and rear panels Getting Started Unpacking and setting up the analyzer Functions and Measurements How to use the basic applications of the analyzer Key Reference Front panel hardkey descriptions and the related softkeys menu functions Instrument Messages Descriptions of the instrument messages of the analyzer Troubleshooting Information and tips on what to do when instrument difficulties are encountered Menu Maps Menu maps the structure of the menus and what the user will see when making instrument parameter selections For more information about N9322C Spectrum Analyzer see www agilent com find n9322c N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Contents 10verview 1 Agilent N9322C ata Glance 2 Front Panel Overview 4 Display Annotations 7 Rear Panel Overview 9 Front and rear panel symbols 10 2Getting Started 11 Check the Shipment and Order List 12 Options 12 Safety Notice 13 Power Requirements 14 Power Onand Check 16 Environmental Requirements 18 Electrostatic Discharge Protection 21 BSA PC software 22 Helpful Tips 23 Perform Calibration 23 Using an External Reference 24 Enable an Options 24 Firmware Upg
57. displayed in the upper left corner of the measurement area limit line Only positive negative margins are allowed for lower upper limits If the trace is out of the limit or margin boundaries Limit_ Failed or Margin_ Failed is displayed Either Limit or Margin must be turned on for test Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 Toggles the margin function to on or off Use Margin to set a limit line offset for the selected limit line Either Limit or Margin as well as Test must be turned on for a limit test to work Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 Accesses the submenu to edit the limit point and also accesses the limits table Use arrow keys to move between the rows in the limits table New limit segments will only be applied after close the editor Pressing Return or any key not associated with the editor will close the editor Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 Point Creates or edit a limit point Up to 20 points can be defined for each limit line Enter the point number using the numeric keypad then Press Enter or use the knob or arrow keys to move to an existing point Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 gt Edit N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Frequency Edits the frequency value for a limit point After editing the limit table will place the frequency or time in correct order For a new point the Amplitude default is 0 dBm and Connected default is
58. dit the scan range Press Insert to insert a channel and access the channel setting submenu to customize the channel parameters Press Edit Method Std It allows you to set the range according to the embedded communication standard such as CDMA and GSM which is used specifically in different countries Press Signal Std to load a standard file as your need Please refer to Loading a File on page 98 for details Press Chn ID to select the specific channel according to the signal standard Or press Edit Method Custom It allows you to set the customer defined scan as your need Press Freq to set the center frequency of the current channel Press Bandwidth to set the bandwidth of each frequency channel which is used to calculate the channel power The first channel editing is completed Press Return gt Insert to add more channels as your need If there is a need to further edit the channel set previ ously press Index rotate the knob to highlight the channel as your need for further editing Press Apply as a terminator to apply all the settings above N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 5 Press Scan Start to initiate the channel scan function 6 Press Logging Start to start recording the scan process which includes the channel power and related channel bandwidth value to a CSV file Press Logging Stop to end the logging The CSV file will be saved immediately Please m
59. e Range from 200 to Top 0 01 dBm The default value is 70 dBm Resolution Accesses the associated Resolution submenu 1234 When the measurement suffix is W or this parameter represents the number of significant digits When the measurement suffix is dB or dBm 1 through 4 represents 1 0 1 0 01 and 0 001 dB respectively The default value is 3 Key access Mode gt Power Meter Gerneral Setup Accesses the power meter measurement setup submenu Key access Mode gt Power Meter Dis Mode Changes the display mode between Meter and Chart Meter Chart The default mode is Meter Key access Mode gt Power Meter gt Meas Setup Chart View Accesses the Chart View submenu This soft key is disabled when the measurement is in process or if the display mode is set to Meter This submenu is used to view the measurement chart Key access Mode gt Power Meter gt Meas Setup Home View the first 21 points of current measurement chart End View the last 21 points of current measurement chart Prev View the previous points of the chart N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 135 4 136 Key Reference Preset Next View the next points of the chart Pause Continues or pauses the current measurement Continue When the measurement is in process this softkey is displayed as Pause when the measurement is paused the softkey is displayed as Continue Key access Mode gt Power Meter gt Meas Setup
60. e the HSA requires a calibration to make sure the measurement accuracy A new calibration must be performed if any components used in the calibration setup are changed For example a short coaxial cable used to connect the tester to the DUT Press Frequency and Span to set the measurement frequency range It is best to keep the calibration frequency range as close as possible to the actual sweep frequencies necessary for the measurements Calibrating over a larger frequency range than the actual measurement range will reduce the accuracy of the test results Calibrate with a T combo calibrator T combo calibrator This is a T shaped mechanical calibrator It consists of a calibrated open short and 50 load Using the T combo calibrator will result in a more accurate calibration than when using the an electronic calibrator Using a T combo calibrator is a three step process requiring the user to manually change the open short load components The default order of the calibration process is open short load 1 Press Frequency gt Calibrate to bring up the dialog box for calibration instruction Follow the on screen instruction to connect the Open component of the T combo calibrator to 71 3 72 Functions and Measurements the RF OUT connector of the analyzer Press ENTER to start the open calibration 2 Follow the instruction to connect the short component of the T combo calibrator to the RF OUT connector of the tester Pre
61. e appropriate to the original shipping location is included with the analyzer Various AC power cables are available that are unique to specific geographic areas You can order additional AC power cables for use in different areas The table AC Power Cords lists the available AC power cables the plug configurations and identifies the geographic area in which each cable is appropriate The detachable power cord is the product disconnecting device It disconnects the mains circuits from the mains supply before other parts of the product The front panel switch is only a standby switch and do not disconnect instrument from LINE power N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer AC Power Cords Getting Started 250V 10A a Plug description describes the plug only The part number is for the complete cable assembly Plug Type Cable Part pyyg 4 For use in i c amp Regi Number Description ountry egion 8121 1703 BS 1363 A Option 900 United Kingdom Hong Kong Singapore Malaysia 8120 0696 AS 3112 2000 Option 901 Australia New Zealand 250V 10A 8120 1692 IEC 83 C4 Option 902 Continental Europe Korea g Indonesia Italy Russia e 250V 16A 8120 1521 CNS 10917 2 Option 903 NEMA 5 15P United States Canada Taiwan 125V 10A Mexico 8120 2296 SEV 1011 Option 906 A Switzerland er 250V 10A 8120 4600 SABS 164 1 Option 917 South Africa India 230V 15A 8120 4754 JIS
62. e connector Press System gt Service gt Upgrade Firmware The analyzer will perform the update process automatically The upgrade procedure will take several minutes Once the upgrade is completed please follow the instruction to reboot Any interruption during the update process will result in update failure and system data lost Do not remove the USB storage device until the update is finished 10 Configuration N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The N9322C spectrum analyzer provides three types of IO connnection USB LAN and optional GPIB interface Press System gt More gt Port Setting to set the corresponding interface as your need USB Select USB to enable the USB connection for remote control LAN The N9322C supports LAN port connection for remote control Press System gt More gt Port Setting gt IP Config to set the IP parameters for the network connection 25 2 26 Getting Started Press IP Address Static to manually set the IP address gateway and subnet mask with the proper LAN information or just press IP Address DCHP to set the IP address in LAN dynamically according DCHP Press Apply to enable the LAN connection according to the IP configuration you set GPIB Press System gt More gt Port Setting gt GPIB Address to set the GPIB address for the analyzer This softkey is only vaild after the option GO1 is installed Timed Power On Off Pressing System gt
63. e more sensitive path and the upper range uses the attenuated path Table 1 Power Sensor Range Sensor Lower range Upper range U2000 1 2 4A 60 dBm to 7 dBm 7 dBm to 20 dBm U2000 1 2H 50 dBm to 3 dBm 3 dBm to 30 dBm U2000 1B 30 dBm to 23 dBm 23 dBm to 44 dBm 71 3 78 Functions and Measurements 10 Press Meas gt Meas Seup gt Disp Mode to set the display in meter chart or trace display the measurement result will displays on the screen as shown Figure 3 26 Power Measurement Mode U2021XA SH DEMO2 40 14480 96 88nu N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Making a Peak Power Measurement N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The Agilent U2020 X series USB peak and average power sensors enable peak power measurements that have the same accuracy aS measurements obtained using traditonal peak power meters while providing the advantages of being a very compact and portable form factor Follow the steps below to make a peak power measurement Press Mode gt Power Meter to access the power meter mode Connect the power sensor to the USB port of N9322C The sensor will automatically initialize perform zeroing While remianing connectored to the device under test and calibrate without connecting to an external source You can manually perform zeroing and calibration by perssing Zeroing gt Zeroing and Calibration at any time after the sensor is connected and initialized
64. e reference level The value of the display line appears in both the active function block and on the softkey The arrow keys knob or numeric keypad may be used to adjust the display line Pressing any digit 0 through 9 on the numeric keypad brings up the selected terminator menu To deactivate the limit line press Display Line Off 109 4 Key Reference Enter ESC lt 110 CAUTION Terminates a front panel keypad numeric entry and enters that value into the analyzer For most applications it is better to use the units softkeys to terminate value entry When in File menu the Enter key is used to terminate filename entries When the analyzer is in the remote mode pressing Enter returns the analyzer to the local control mode and enables front panel inputs This hardkey provides mainly two types of functions Clear e Clears any numeric entry and cancels the active function e Clears any title entry and cause the title to revert to the previous name e Clears input or output overloads e Clears error messages from the status line along the bot tom of the display Association with other functions Provides a permitted setting for triggering other functions such as e Activates LIMIT function for pass fail judgements e Activates SAVE function for current trace saving When pressing ESC lt the current parameter annotation in the lower left corner which is an indicator of available settings of Limit
65. el in graticule Key access Amplitude gt Auto Scale Calibrate This softkey activates the calibration process for the measurement Key access Frequency gt Calibrate Cal Type This softkey toggles the calibration type between full span calibration and selected span calibration Full span calibration runs an open short load calibration across the full frequency span A FullSpan calibration ignores the frequency changes during measurements Selected span calibration performs an open short load calibration across a user defined frequency span A SelectedSpan Cal requires a re calibration of the analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 after changing the measurement frequency range Normally the selected span should be set as close to the actual swept frequency range Key access Freq gt Cal Type Run Hold This softkey toggles the frequency sweep between run and pause status Key access Sweep gt Run Hold Data gt Mem This softkey is used to store the active data trace into memory The trace in memory will be refreshed in the next sweep once you press this softkey There are three trace refresh mode for your selection Data Only the activated trace is viewable The trace memory is not viewable Memory Only the trace in memory is viewable Data amp Memory The trace both activated and in memory is viewable Key access Trace gt Data gt Mem Disp Mode Thi
66. elow to create the user menu Follow the file saving procedure above to save a state file in internal memory Rotate the knob to highlight the saved file Press Files Operation gt Copy to Rotate the knob to highlight the folder named USER Press Browse Folder to access into this folder Rotate the knob to highlight the folder named State Press Browse Folder to access into this folder Press Copy to copy the file into the User State folder The state file is available for your quick recall by pressing User 97 3 98 Functions and Measurements Loading a File This feature will recall load onto the displayed screen a previously saved filename and type compatible with this analyzer The file types are described above Press File gt Directory gt Memory Type to select a directory Rotate the knob to highlight a file Press Recall to recall this file The wanted file will be loaded immediately Loading a Task Planner File Please refer to the following procedures to load a task planner file Press Mode gt Task Planner or File gt View FileType gt TPF to view the task planner file list Rotate the knob to highlight the task planner file which you need Press Recall to load the task planner file The measurement task will list in sequence Press Run to initiate the measurement in sequence The task planner file is created by the BSA PC software For the task planner saving and editing please re
67. en installing the spectrum analyzer in a cabinet do not restrict the convection of the analyzer The ambient temperature outside the cabinet must be less than the maximum operating temperature of the spectrum analyzer by 4 C for every 100 watts dissipated within the cabinet Cleaning Tips To prevent electrical shock disconnect the spectrum analyzer from line power before cleaning Use a dry cloth or one slightly dampened with water to clean the external case parts Do not attempt to clean internally N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Rack Mount N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started 2 It is recommended to use the Agilent rackmount kit option 1CM to install the spectrum analyzer into a rack Do not attempt to rack mount the spectrum analyzer by the front panel handles only This rackmount kit will allow mounting of the spectrum analyzer with or without handles Refer to the following instructions when installing the rackmount kit on the spectrum analyzer Remove feet key locks and tilt stands Remove side trim strips and one middle screw per side TILT STAND T KEY LOCK SIDE TRIM 19 20 2 Getting Started CAUTION 3 Attach rackmount flange and front handle assembly with 3 screws per side RACKMOUNT s FLANGE FRONT HANDLE x ASSEMBLY Attach the spectrum analyzer to the rack using the rackmount flanges with two dress screws per side Installing the spectrum analyzers into oth
68. enuation settings This allows the displayed trace to be moved without decreasing measurement accuracy The normalized reference position is indicated with a gt character on the left side of the display and a lt character on the right side of the display Allows you to view or blank the reference trace on the display When in the Tracking Generator mode resolution bandwidths lt 30 kHz are not available N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Power Meter Mode Zeroing N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Press Mode gt Power Meter to access the optional power meter functions When this mode is selected the power meter related softkey menu will be displayed and many of the instrument hardkeys will be disabled as they are not necessary for this mode toggles the measurement between AVG and Peak When it is set to AVG the result showned in screen is the power sensor s measurement result When it is set to Peak the result shown in screen is the power sensor s gate measurement result Key access Mode gt Power Meter Accesses the associated Zeroing submenu Key access Mode gt Power Meter Zeroing Makes a Zero operation of the power sensor The U2000 Series USB Power Sensors have their sensor calibration tables stored in non volatile memory which means that the reference calibration factor is automatically loaded upon power up Key access Mode gt Power Meter gt Zero Cal 133 4 134 Key Ref
69. er is a broadband measurement If other signals are present the analyzer will also measure their power contributions Figure 3 25 Connection with base station 5 EBn Power Amplifier Base Station High Power I Attenuator Characterized Assembly Power Sensor To make an average power measurement you connect the power sensor and cable zero and calibrate the meter before making a measurement Zeroing of the power meter will occur automatically Every time you use the Power Meter e When a 5 degree C change in temperature occurs e Whenever you change the power sensor Every 24 hours 75 3 76 Functions and Measurements CAUTION e Before measuring low level signals for example 10 dB above the lowest specified power for your power sensor Calibrating the power meter every time you cycle the power on and off In most situations you can press Zero to complete the two steps zero and cal together Follow the steps below to make a basic average power measurement Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Press Mode gt Power Meter to access the power meter mode Zero and calibrate the meter Press Zero to make a Zero operation of the power sensor followed by a calibration operation Connect the power sensor to the USB port of N9322C The analyzer will recognize the power sensor automatically To prevent damage to your sensor do not exceed the
70. er is turned on Power On set to Preset recalls the analyzer settings previously with the Preset function Power On set to Last recalls the analyzer settings when the analyzer is turned off by the front panel power switch Preset Type Selects User or Factory preset settings User Pressing Preset recalls the analyzer settings defined by Save User Preset Factory Pressing Preset recalls the analyzer settings originally set at the factory Last Pressing Preset recalls the analyzer settings to the last time power off Save User Saves the active settings of the analyzer into the User Preset register To recall these settings select Preset Type to User 151 4 152 Key Reference System Info Service Accesses the submenu to check the system information as below Key access System gt More Show System Displays the number and description of the options installed in your analyzer It also displays the instrument model number product number serial number the date of production etc Installed Options displays the installed option list Error History Accesses a list of the 100 most recent errors reported The most recent error will appear at the bottom of the list If the same error occurs continuously that error message will not be added repeatedly to the list Refer to Instrument Messages on page 167 for details Prev Page Access the previous next page of error Next Page messages Clear ErrorQueue Clear
71. er over that part of the trace between the reference and active markers Demod Activates the demodulation mode Demod Setting Accesses the menu keys to select AM demodulation FM demodulation or demodulation Off It also accesses the Speaker Vol and Delay Time menu keys described below Key access Marker gt Function N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Marker Table Compresses the graticule and displays marker information in a table The information includes the marker number trace number marker type X axis value and the amplitude Key access Marker gt Marker Table Read Out Accesses the following menu keys that allow you to change the active marker readout This function is only available in non zero span Frequency Sets the marker to Frequency The default selection in non zero spans displays the absolute frequency of a normal marker or the frequency of the delta marker relative to the reference marker Period Sets the marker readout to Period Displays the reciprocal of the above frequency Time Sets the marker readout to Time The default selection in zero span displays the time interval between a normal marker and the start of the sweep or the time of the delta marker relative to the reference marker Key access Marker gt More gt Read Out Zoom In Out Activates the marker zoom in out function which triggers a series of operation as below e Save current state as a backup state file e Set center
72. er racks may promote shock hazards overheating dust contamination and inferior system performance Consult your Agilent customer engineer about installation warranty and support details N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started 2 Electrostatic Discharge Protection Electrostatic discharge ESD damages or destroys electronic components the possibility of unseen damage caused by ESD is present whenever transported stored or while the instrument is in use This product contains components that are easily damaged by electrostatic discharge To help reduce the possibility of ESD damage that can occur while using test equipment follow these guidelines 1 Before connecting any coaxial cable to the spectrum analyzer connector for the first time each day momentarily short the center and outer conductors of the cable together to eliminate any potential electrostatic charges that may exist 2 Personnel should be grounded with an approved type 1 MQ resistor isolated ESD wrist strap before touching the center pin of any connector and before removing any assembly from the spectrum analyzer 3 Be sure that all instruments are properly earth grounded to prevent build up of static charges For more information about ESD and how to prevent ESD damage contact the Electrostatic Discharge Association http www esda org The ESD standards developed by this agency are sanctioned by the American National Standards Institute ANSD
73. erence Meas Disp Zero Type Toggles the zeroing type of the Power Sensor between internal and external When this type is set to EXT pressing Zero will bring up a message which indicates the external signal need be pulled out This setting is not affected by the preset in Power Meter menu Key access Mode gt Power Meter gt Zero Cal Calibration Toggles the zeroing type of the Power Sensor between internal and external When this type is set to EXT pressing Zero will bring up a message which indicates the external signal need be pulled out This setting is not affected by the preset in Power Meter menu Key access Mode gt Power Meter gt Zero Cal Accesses the Meas Disp submenu for defining the display range and resolution while in Power Meter mode Key access Mode gt Power Meter Disp Accesses the associated Disp Range submenu Range Key access Mode gt Power Meter gt Meas Disp Auto Toggles the auto range function between Range On and Off When the Auto Range is set to On the Top and Bottom value of the power meter s display range will be set automatically according to the measurement data Top Max data 0 5 Bottom Min data 0 5 The default setting is Off Top Sets the top value of the power meter display range Range from Bottom 0 01 to 200 dBm The default value is 20 dBm N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Bottom Sets the bottom value of the power meter display rang
74. erform a Factory Preset or press Freq Offset 0 Hz When a frequency offset is entered its value appears on the bottom of the display as opposed to reference level offsets which appear on the left side of the display To eliminate an offset press Freq Offset 0 and Enter Pressing Preset also sets the offset to zero Key access Frequency gt CF Step N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Low Frequency This softkey toggles the baseband channel on and off When Channel it is set to On the SSB and DANL performance will be better from 3 kHz to 12 MHz This softkey is only visible when the option BB1 has been installed and only available in Spectrum Analysis Spectrum Monitor mode Key access Frequency gt CF Step N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 113 4 Key Reference Marker 114 Marker Marker Trace Auto 1234 Mode This hardkey accesses the marker control softkeys to select the type and number of markers Markers are diamond shaped characters that identify points of traces Up to six pairs of markers may appear on the display simultaneously only one pair can be controlled at a time The marker that is controlled is called the active marker Pressing MARKER activates the Normal menu key Selects one of the twelve possible markers If a marker has already been selected it will become the active marker Key access Marker gt Slect Marke Places a marker on the selected trace if no markers have been previous
75. es to the analyzer input as shown above Set one source to 300 MHz Set the frequency of the other source to 300 1 MHz Set both source amplitudes to 20 dBm Setup the analyzer to view the signals Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Press Frequency gt 300 gt MHz Press BW gt 300 gt kHz Press Span gt 2 gt MHz A single signal peak is visible See Figure 3 5 for example 39 3 40 Functions and Measurements If the signal peak is not present on the display increase the frequency span out to 20 MHz turn signal tracking on decrease the span back to 2 MHz and turn signal tracking off Press Span gt 20 gt MHz Press Peak Search Press Span gt 2 gt MHz Figure 3 5 Unresolved Signals of Equal Amplitude 00 dBm Atten 10 dB VBW 300 0 kHz Change the resolution bandwidth RBW to 100 kHz so that the RBW setting is less than or equal to the frequency separation of the two signals Press BW gt 100 gt kHz Notice that the peak of the signal has become flattened indicating that two signals are present Decrease the video bandwidth to 3 kHz Press BW gt Video BW gt 3 gt kHz Two signals are now visible as shown in Figure 3 6 Use the front panel knob or arrow keys to further reduce the resolution bandwidth and better resolve the signals N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Decreasing the resolution bandwidth improves the resolution of
76. et 91 3 92 Functions and Measurements FSK Demodulation Analysis Please refer to the procedures below to analysis the FSK demodulation 1 Connect the signal generator to RF IN connector and turn on the signal generator s FSK modulation and RF output Turn on the ASK demodulation analysis function Press MODE gt Modulation Analysis gt FSK Press Frequency gt Carrier Freq gt 100 gt MHz to set the carrier frequency 4 Press Meas gt Symbol Rate gt 10 gt ksps to set the symbol rate 5 Press Filter Setup gt Ref Filter gt Nyquist to set the filter type Set the attenuation state to Auto default Press Amplitude gt Attenuation Auto Setting the FSK deviation limit and turn on the limit Press Shift gt Limit gt FreqDev UP gt 85 gt kHz gt FreqDev Low gt 80 gt kHz gt Limits on The figure below shows the FSK symbol and the measurement result Figure 3 32 FSK Symbol View fh o Att 0 dB CarrFreq 100 000000 MHz 1 0010101001 1100110001 0001001101 1111011101 1001000001 51 1001110010 0000110001 101 1001 1 0011000110 101 1111000100 1101111100 1110010100 0001100011 1111011101 151 0001111100 0101110000 0010000001 0000010001 0111101011 201 1100111000 0011101101 101 1000 0001010100 1011000000 251 1010100111 1010100101 0100110101 1010111110 0110001111 301 1111010001 1011110001 1101000011 0011100110 1000011011 351 0111111001 0011010001 0110100100 0000100000 0111011011 Carrier Power
77. et the update interval time 5 Turn on Marker 1 and Marker 2 Press Marker 1 gt State On Marker 2 gt State On 6 Press Frequency rotate knob to change the frequency of marker as you want 7 Press Meas gt File Logging gt Start Save to save the spectrogram data After pressing Stop Save the spectrogram will be saved into a trace or CSV data file for your future use Please refer to Loading a File on page 98 to load the saved spectrogram trace file Spectrum Monitor Audio Alert The spectrum monitor provides an audio alert with a frequency dependant on the different control parameters This alert needs two markers to specify the measure channel The Band Power of the channel specified by two markers is measured without the audio alert The Alert Limit is set to specify the lowest band power that makes the buzzer beep Please refer to the procedures below to turn on the audio alert 1 Press Meas gt Spectrum Monitor to access into the spectro gram mode 2 Press Marker gt More gt Audio Alert to enable the audio alert N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Reflection Measurement Preparation N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Press MODE gt Reflection Measurement to access the cable and antenna measurement submenu There are three different measurement mode for your selection Reflection measurement e One port cable loss Distance to fault Before making a measurement in a specific mod
78. et this softkey to On to set O dB attenuation 50 dBm reference level and turn the preamplifier on It s very helpful to observe the low level signals with this settings Key access Ampiltude gt More gt Hi Sensitivity Ref Offset Adds an offset value which ranges from 327 6 dB to 327 6 dB to the displayed reference level Reference level offsets are only entered by using the numeric keypad Entering an offset does not affect the trace or the attenuation value Reference level offsets are used when gain or loss occurs between a device under test and the analyzer input Thus the signal level measured by the analyzer may be referred to as the level at the input of an external amplitude conversion device When an amplitude offset is entered its value appears on the left side of the display under Offst as opposed to frequency offsets which appear at the bottom of the display To eliminate an offset press Ref Offset gt 0 gt dB Key access Ampiltude gt More gt Rel Offset N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 103 4 Key Reference Corrections Accesses the corrections submenu to enable the corrections function for amplitude compensation The amplitude correction is used to compensate the gain attenuation from antenna cable Please refer to the procedures below to use the amplitude correction function 1 Please refer to the procedures below to create a correction file in BSA PC software a Open the PC software b Press File gt Ne
79. f 5 to 10 dBm BNC female REF OUT connector provides a frequency of 10 MHz amplitude of 10 dBm reference output BNC female REF OUT connector Option PFR is an optional connector for precision 10 MHz reference from OCXO AC Power Receptacle accepts a three pin line power plug Power switch isolates the analyzer from the AC line power After switch on the analyzer enters into standby mode and the orange standby LED on the front panel lights GPIB connector Option G01 is an optional interface This GPIB connector supports remote operation 1 Overview Front and rear panel symbols A Ce c US ICES NMB 001 N10149 10 The instruction manual symbol indicates that the user must refer to specific instructions in the manual The CE mark a registered trademark of the European Community The CSA mark a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association International The ISM device complies with Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Standard 001 Cet appareil ISM est conforme la norme NMB 001 du Canada The C Tick mark a trademark registered to the Australian Communication Media Authority It indicates compliance with all Australian EMC regulatory information marks the on standby position of the switch indicates that the instrument requires AC power input indicates this product complies with the WEEE Directive 2002 96 EC marking requirements and you must not disc
80. f so refer to User s Guide for details e To meet specifications the analyzer must be aligned For more information on how to align the analyzer refer to Time Base Calibration on page 23 No operator serviceable parts inside Refer servicing to qualified personnel To prevent electrical shock do not remove covers 178 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Troubleshooting 6 If the analyzer is still under warranty or is covered by a maintenance contract it will be repaired under the terms of the warranty or plan the warranty is located at the front of this manual If the analyzer is no longer under warranty or is not covered by an Agilent Technologies maintenance plan Agilent Technologies will notify you of the cost of the repair after examining the analyzer If a problem persists please contact the Agilent Technologies office for further information and service Warranty and Service Options Agilent N9322C spectrum analyzer provides 1 year return to Agilent warranty as standard Agilent Technologies offers several optional maintenance plans to service your analyzer after the warranty has expired R 51B 001 3C extends this service to 3 years R 50C 011 3 Agilent calibration upfront support plan 3 year coverage The calibration cycle of N9322C spectrum analyzer is one year A button cell provides power to the real time clock of the spectrum analyzer It is not rechargeable If you find your N9322C encounters
81. fer to the software online help for details For the automatic task all the measurement tasks are executed automatically without interruption For the manual task the program is paused and releases a result report when each measurement is finished The program will be continued once you input the next instruction For the manual if failed task the measurement tasks are executed continuously unless there is a failed result N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Copying a File To copy a file from internal storage to a USB storage device follow this procedure 1 Connect a USB storage device to the USB connector 2 Press File gt Directory gt Memory Type to select the path to INT 3 Select the type of file Assume you need to copy a trace file Press Return gt View FileType gt Trace 4 Using the knob or arrow keys to highlight the file name you need 5 Press File Operation gt Copy To to access the copy submenu Chose the location for copy desitination then press Copy to copy the file immediately Deleting a File Perform the following process to delete a specific file Note that once a file is deleted from local memory it cannot be recovered 1 Press File gt Directory gt Memory Type to select the path 2 Using the knob or arrow keys to highlight the file name you want to load 5 Press File Operation gt Delete Press Enter as a terminator and the file will be deleted immediately N9322C Spe
82. g at least in part the distortion Atten 10 dB The MarkerA amplitude readout comes from two sources 1 Increased input attenuation causes poorer signal to noise ratio This causes the MarkerA to be positive 2 The reduced contribution of the analyzer circuits to the harmonic measurement causes the MarkerA to be negative Large MarkerA readout indicates significant measurement errors Set the input attenuator to minimize the absolute value of MarkerA 55 3 Functions and Measurements Third Order Intermodulation Distortion Two tone third order intermodulation distortion is a common specification in communication systems When two signals are present in a non linear system they may interact and create third order intermodulation distortion TOD products that are located close to the original signals System components such as amplifiers and mixers contribute to the generation of these distortion products This example will test a device for third order intermodulation through the use of markers Two sources are used one set to 300 MHz and the other to 301 MHz Connect the equipment as shown in figure below This combination of signal generators low pass filters and directional coupler used as a combiner results in a two tone source with very low intermodulation distortion Although the distortion from this setup may be better than the specified performance of the analyzer it is useful for determining the TOI performa
83. gain to the test result If the Auto scale key is set to on these parameters are adjusted automatically according to the measurement result Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis Sets the number of symbols which will be used in calculating the measurement Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis gt More Specifies the display measurement result format When the Average Number is set to off the column title Average in numerical results view will be changed to Current Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis gt More 141 4 142 Key Reference Trigger Limits Sweep Enables you to configure the trigger When using a trigger source other than Free Run the analyzer will begin a sweep only with the selected trigger conditions are met A trigger event is defined as the point at which your trigger source signal meets the specified trigger level Free Run New sweep starts as soon as possible after the current sweep ends RF Trigger Activates the trigger condition that starts the next sweep if the detected RF envelope voltage rises to a level set by the RF trigger level Ext Rise Fall Activates the trigger condition that will start a sweep when the external voltage passes through 2 volts The external trigger signal must be a 0 V to 5 V TTL signal Sets the trigger polarity to positive negative Trig Delay Allows you to set and turn on or off a delay during which the analyzer wil
84. he every two scan process is triggered When it is set to off the channel will be scanned with default settings The Interval Type is toggled between time and distance When it is set to Time the minimum interval time is 100 ms When it is set to Distance it allows you to measure the channel with the specific distance on the road test The minimum interval distance is 1 meter The Measure Rule and Search Rule is toggled between Speed and Accuracy For each scan process the analyzer will first search and find out the available channels according to the selected scan mode Then a precise measurement will perform to get the scan result The accuracy mode in measurement rule is set as default to get the precise measurement for the searching out channels The speed mode will speed the measurement but reduce the measurement accuracy It is set to default in search rule to search out the available channels approximately The Top Cycle number is the searching times for each measurement It allows you to measure the specific searching out channels continuously N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Spectrum Monitor N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 The scrolling three dimensional display is noted for its ability to track the frequency and power behavior over the time particularly intermittent signals Spectrum Monitor may be used to analyze the stability of a signal over the time or to identify intermittent interfere
85. he display shows any signal changes 47 3 48 Functions and Measurements Selecting averaging when the analyzer is auto coupled changes the detection mode to Sample smoothing the displayed noise level This is a trace processing function and is not the same as using the average detector as described on page 47 Refer to the procedure Reducing Input Attenuation on page 44 of this chapter and follow steps 1 2 and 3 To turn averaging on toggle the softkey menu labeled Average Press BW gt Average On Set the number of averages to 20 using the number keypad up and down arrows or the knob Press 20 Enter The averaging process smooths the viewed trace low level signals become more visible see Figure 3 13 Changes to the average number will restart the averaging process Counted result Figure 3 13 Trace Averaging 0 00 dBm Atten 20 dB VBW 10 00 kHz N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy N9322C Spectrum Analyzer This section provides information on using the frequency counter function to improve frequency resolution and accuracy Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Connect a cable from the front panel CAL OUT to RF IN Press System gt Service gt Calibration gt CAL OUT ON to toggle on and enable the 50 MHz amplitude reference signal Press Frequency gt Auto Tune The analyzer will detect the signal
86. he measurement accuracy Key access Sweep gt Sweep Setup This softkey toggles the Sweep Type between swept mode and FFT mode This FFT mode is only available when RBW is set to 1 kHz 3 kHz or 10 kHz Key access Sweep gt Sweep Setup N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Limit Limits Accesses softkeys that allow you to control and define the parameters of limit lines Key access Shift gt Limit Limit1 selects either of the available limits The Limit 1 and Limit 2 Limit 2 keys access softkeys to set parameters for the selected limit Key access Shift gt Limit Type defines the limit to be edited as an upper Upper lower or lower limit An upper limit will indicate a fail if trace 1 exceeds this limit A lower limit will indicate a fail if trace 1 falls below the limit Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 Limit Toggles the limit line function to on or On Off off The limit points must exist before the limit function can be turned on Either Limit or Margin as well as Test must be turned on for a limit test Limit points must be defined before the Limit function can be turned on Key access Shift gt Limit gt Limit 1 2 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 159 4 160 Key Reference Test On Off Margin On Off Edit Toggles the testing of the limit lines between on and off If trace 1 is at or within the bounds of the set limit or margin Limit_ Pass or Margin_ Pass is
87. he rear panel An EXT REF indicator will display in the upper bar of the display The signal level must be in the range of 5 to 10 dBm When the reference signal is ready the instrument switches the reference from time base to the external reference Enable an Options Option license key information is required to enable product options Contact your nearest Agilent office for purchasing a license Refer to the procedures below to activate the options you have purchased Press System gt More gt Service gt Add Option Enter the option number to be enabled Press Enter to confirm your input Enter the license key in the onscreen window Press Enter to confirm your input and terminate the license key input Press Activate License The option will be enabled immediately The analyzer provides the trial license with limited time usage 15 270 365 days of the wanted options N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started 2 Firmware Upgrade 1 2 CAUTION Press System gt System Info gt Show system to view the firmware revision If you call Agilent Technologies regarding your analyzer it is helpful to have this revision and the analyzer serial number available Follow this procedure to finish the firmware update Download the firmware package from www agilent com find n9322c Extract and copy the file to the folder N932xDATA into the root directory of a USB stick Plug the USB stick into th
88. his position for the header Suffix error This error is generated when parsing a suffix This message is used when the device cannot detect more specifics described for errors 131 to 139 Invalid suffix The suffix does not follow the syntax described in IEEE 488 2 or the suffix is inappropriate for the device Suffix too long The suffix contained more than 12 characters Suffix not allowed A suffix was encountered after a numeric element which does not allow suffixes Character data too long The character data element contains more than 12 characters Character data not allowed A legal character data element was encountered where prohibited by the device N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Execution Conflict N9322C Specturm Analyzer 200 222 223 224 241 253 300 Instrument Messages 5 The system messages listed below are execution conflicts indicating settings conflict during your operation Execution Error This is the generic syntax error for devices that cannot detect more specific errors Data out of range A legal program data element was parsed but could not be executed because the interpreted value was outside the legal range defined by the device The displayed results may be clipped Too much data not all points entered Indicates that a legal program data element of block expression or string type was received that contained more data than the device could handle due
89. inally delivered Product Name Spectrum Analyzer Model Number N9322C Product Options This declaration covers all options of the above product s complies with the essential requirements of the following applicable European Directives and carries the CE marking accordingly Low Voltage Directive 2006 95 EC EMC Directive 2004 108 EC and conforms with the following product standards EMC Standard Limit IEC 61326 2 1 2005 EN 61326 2 1 2006 Reference Standards CISPR 11 2003 EN 55011 2007 Class A Group 1 IEC 61000 4 2 2001 EN 61000 4 2 4 kV 4 kV contact air IEC 61000 4 3 2002 EN 61000 4 3 3 V m 80 2000 MHz 1 V m 2 2 7 GHz IEC 61000 4 4 2004 EN 61000 4 4 0 5 kV signal lines 1 kV power lines IEC 61000 4 5 2001 EN 61000 4 5 0 5 kV line line 1 kV line ground IEC 61000 4 6 2003 EN 61000 4 6 3 V 0 15 80 MHz IEC 61000 4 11 2004 EN 61000 4 11 1 cycle gt 95 Canada ICES NMB 001 2006 Australia New Zealand AS NZS CISPR 11 2004 The product was tested in a typical configuration with Agilent Technologies test systems Safety IEC 61010 1 2010 3 Edition EN 61010 1 2010 3 Edition Canada CAN CSA C22 2 No 61010 1 04 USA ANSI UL 61010 1 2004 Supplementary Information This DoC applies to above listed products placed on the EU market after Oct 23 2012 Tea Date Shi Wen Quality Manager For further information please contact your local Agilent Technologies sales office agent or distributor
90. ion Press Meas gt General Setup gt Average gt Step Detect to set the step Detect On and Off When it is set to on the filter will re initialize upon detection of a step increase or decrease in the measured power to reduce the filter settling time after a significant step in the measured power Step detection can be set in both manual and automatic filter modes Set the Measurement Gate Press Meas gt Peak Setup gt Gate Setup to set the start time and gate length for a measurement gate A measurement gate allows measurements to be performed on particular sections of the input signal The gate is defined by a start time relative to the trigger instant and a duration Signal samples acquired during the time interval specified by the gate are used for the measurements in that gate A system of up to four independent gates is provided Set the Trigger Press Meas gt Peak Setup gt Trig Acq to set the trigger parameters listed below for the measurement gate Acqn Set the single free run or continuous trigger mode Select to enable trace and auto trigger delay for the single and continuous trigger modes For the free run mode only auto trigger delay can be enabled Source Set the trigger source to internal channel or an external source Mode Enable auto level or manually set the trigger level if the internal trigger source is selected Level sets the trigger level manually when the Mode is set to manual N9322C Spectrum
91. is scale is good for observing rise and fall behavior of AM or pulse modulated signals such as radar and TDMA transmitters When this type of averaging is selected VAvg appears on the left side of the display There are actually four types of averaging processes within a N9322C All except VBW filtering are affected by this setting They are listed as follows e Trace averaging Averages signal amplitudes on a trace to trace basis Press Log Pwr or Pwr e Average detector Averages signal amplitudes during the time or frequency interval and represents the result as a single measurement point e Noise marker Averages signal amplitudes across measurement points to reduce variations for noisy signals VBW filtering Performs a form of averaging of video signal N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Display Graticule Y Scale Display Line N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Press Shift gt Disp to control detector and display functions Press this softkey to turn on the graticule display for the trace Key access Shift gt Disp Press this softkey to turn on the amplitude scale unit display on the left of the graticule The unit is determined by the Y Axis Unit softkey Key access Shift gt Disp Activates an adjustable horizontal line that is used as a visual reference line The display line used for trace arithmetic has amplitude values that correspond to its vertical position when compared to th
92. is set to on these parameters are adjusted automatically according to the measurement result Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis Meas Length Sets the number of symbols which will be used in calculating the measurement Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis gt More Average Specifies the display measurement result format When the On Off Average Number is set to off the column title Average in numerical results view will be changed to Current Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis gt More N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 145 4 146 Key Reference Trigger Limits Sweep Enables you to configure the trigger When using a trigger source other than Free Run the analyzer will begin a sweep only with the selected trigger conditions are met A trigger event is defined as the point at which your trigger source signal meets the specified trigger level Free Run New sweep starts as soon as possible after the current sweep ends RF Trigger Activates the trigger condition that starts the next sweep if the detected RF envelope voltage rises to a level set by the RF trigger level Ext Rise Fall Activates the trigger condition that will start a sweep when the external voltage passes through 2 volts The external trigger signal must be a 0 V to 5 V TTL signal Sets the trigger polarity to positive negative Trig Delay Allows you to set and turn on or off a delay during which the an
93. isplayed in the active function block Figure 3 2 Delta pair marker with signals on the same screen Ref 10 00 dBm Atten 20 dB Marker A 10 000000 MHz 26 00 dB 0 MHz 0 kHz VBW 300 0 kHz To increase the resolution of the marker readings turn on the frequency count function For more information refer to Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy on page 49 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Comparing Signals not on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The analyzer will compare the frequency and amplitude differences between two signals which are not displayed on tne screen at tne same time n s tecnnique is useful for harmonic distortion tests In this example the analyzer s 10 MHz signal is used to measure frequency and amplitude differences between a signal on screen and another signal off screen Delta marker is used to demonstrate this comparison Preset the analyzer Press Preset With Preset Type set to Factory Connect the rear panel REF OUT to the front panel RF IN Set the center frequency span and reference level to view only the 50 MHz signal Press Frequency gt 50 gt MHz Press Span gt 25 gt MHz Press Amplitude gt 10 gt dBm Place a marker on the 50 MHz peak and then set the center frequency step size equal to the marker frequency 10 MHz Press Peak Search Press Marker gt Marker To gt Mkr gt CF Step Activate the
94. l wait to begin a sweep after receiving an external trigger signal Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis gt More Set a limit value to warn you if the measured value exceeds the value specified here The test reuslt will be in purple if this reslut exceeds the corresponding limit value Limit Turns on off the limit function CarrPow Upr Sets the carrier power upper limit FreqDev Up Low Sets the frequency deviation upper lower limit CarrFreOff Up Sets the carrier frequency offset upper limit Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis gt More Togglese the sweep type between single and continuous in AM FM mode When this softkey is set to Single press the next Single softkey to execute a new sweep as soon as the trigger condition is met Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis gt More N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Single CarrFreq Step Auto CarrFreq N9322C Spectrum Analyzer On Off Key Reference 4 When the analyzer is in continuous sweep mode pressing this softkey will change the sweep setting to single sweep It will then begin a sweep after the trigger conditions are met If the analyzer is already in single sweep pressing this softkey will execute a new sweep as soon as the trigger condition is met If average is on pressing this softkey will halt averaging of the current value and then continue averaging from the current count number when a single sweep function triggers Key
95. like additional information about your analyzer Agilent Technologies worldwide organization is ready to provide the support you need SEE Agilent Technologies 177 6 Troubleshooting Check the basics Before calling Agilent Technologies or returning an analyzer for service perform the quick checks listed below This check may eliminate the problem Is there power at the receptacle e Is the analyzer turned on Listen for internal fan noise to determine if the analyzer cooling fan is running Feel the rear side of the analyzer for air flow e If other equipment cables and connectors are being used with your spectrum analyzer make sure they are connected properly and operating correctly e Review the measurement procedures being performed when the problem first appeared Make sure all of the settings are correct e If the analyzer is not functioning as expected return the analyzer to a known state by pressing Preset Some analyzer settings are not affected by a Preset If you wish to reset the analyzer configuration to the state it was in when it was originally sent from the factory press System Power On Preset Preset Type Factory Then press the green Preset key on the front panel e Is the measurement being performed and the results that are expected within the specifications and capabilities of the analyzer Refer to the Technical Overview for your analyzer e Is the analyzer displaying an error message I
96. lost the marker will attempt to find it again and maintain on the peak If there are other signals on screen near the same amplitude one of them may be found instead Signals near 0 Hz cannot be maintained effectively This function is intended to maintain the marker on signals with a frequency that is changing and an amplitude that is not changing Key access Peak Search gt Continuous PK Peak Table Displays a list of up to ten signal peaks that is updated at the end of each sweep The peaks can be sorted in order by descending amplitude or by ascending frequency Peaks above or below the display line can be excluded from the table The peak table function works with trace 1 only Exprt Table to CSV Press this softkey to save the current peak table to a CSV file for your data analysis on PC Key access Peak Search gt More Accesses the submenu to set the criteria for peak search Key access Peak Search gt More 149 4 Key Reference Peak Excursion Sets the minimum amplitude variation of signals that the marker identifies as a peak If a value of 10 dB is selected the marker moves only to peaks that rise and fall more than 10 dB above the peak threshold value When the peak excursion is 6 dB or higher Two signal peaks which are so close together that the amplitude drop between them is less than the peak excursion value are not recognized as two peaks A signal peak is recognized only if it has a peak excursion dro
97. ly turned on If a marker is currently active press Marker Trace until 1 2 3 or 4 is underlined the active marker moves to the selected trace Selecting Auto mode moves the marker to the automatically selected trace The trace selection will search for the lowest numbered trace in the following mode order Clear write Max hold Min hold and View If there are no traces in any of these modes it selects trace 1 Key access Marker gt Marker Trace Normal Activates a single frequency marker at the center of the active trace if not already displayed Displaying a marker before enabling the Normal function enables the marker at the position of the selected marker The marker number shows above the marker The knob and or arrow keys move the marker left or right Entering a value from the numeric keypad moves the marker to the trace point nearest to that value Annotation in the active function block and in the upper right corner indicates the frequency and amplitude of the marker time and amplitude if in zero span Pressing Normal turns off the Delta function and moves the active marker to the delta marker position Key access Marker gt Mode gt Normal N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Off Key Reference 4 Delta activates a second marker at the position of the first marker If no marker is present two markers with the same identification number will appear at the center of the display The marker numbe
98. m amplitude level and the frequency drift of an input signal trace can be displayed and held by using the maximum hold function Using the maximum hold function you can measure and determine how much of the frequency spectrum a signal occupies For more information refer to Max Hold on page 162 Use signal tracking to return a signal drifting in frequency to the center of the display The drifting is captured by the analyzer using the maximum hold function Connect the signal generator to the analyzer RF IN Output a signal with the frequency of 300 MHz and amplitude of 20 dBm Set the analyzer center frequency span and reference level Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Press Frequency gt 300 gt MHz Press Span gt 10 gt MHz Press Amplitude gt 10 gt dBm Place a marker on the peak of the signal Press Peak Search Press Marker gt Marker To gt Marker to Center Press Span gt 1 gt MHz The signal is in the center of the display Measure the excursion of the signal with maximum hold Press Trace Det gt Max Hold 51 3 52 Functions and Measurements As the signal varies maximum hold maintains the maximum responses of the input signal Annotation on the left side of the screen indicates the trace mode For example M1 S2 S3 S4 indicates trace 1 is in maximum hold mode trace 2 trace 3 and trace 4 are in store blank mode Activate trace 2 and change the mode to continuous sweep
99. marker delta function Press Marker gt Mode gt Delta Increase the center frequency by 10 MHz Press Frequency The first marker moves to the left edge of the screen at the amplitude of the first signal peak 37 3 38 Functions and Measurements Figure 3 3 shows the reference annotation for the delta marker 1R at the left side of the display indicating that the marker set at the 50 MHz reference signal is at a lower frequency than the frequency range currently displayed R A 00 0 kHz VBH 100 0 kHz The delta marker appears on the peak of the 100 MHz component The delta marker annotation displays the amplitude and frequency difference between the 50 and 100 MHz signal peaks Press Marker gt Mode gt Off to turn the markers off N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude Signal Generator In this example a decrease in the resolution bandwidth RBW is used in combination with a decrease in video bandwidth VBW to resolve two signals of equal amplitude with a frequency separation of 100 kHz Figure 3 4 Setup for obtaining two signals Signal Generator Spectrum Analyzer Fa re a nn N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N wo RF IN Directional Coupler Notice that the final RBW selection to resolve the signals is the same width as the signal separation while the VBW is slightly narrower than the RBW Connect two sourc
100. mber On Off Average measures the average value of the amplitude across each trace interval bucket When Average is selected Avg appears on the left corner Sample Sample detection is used primarily to display noise or noise like signals It should not be used to measure the accurate amplitude of non noise like signals In sample mode the instantaneous signal value of the present display point is placed in memory When Sample detection is selected Samp appears in the upper left corner of the display Normal Selects the maximum and minimum video signal values alternately When selecting Normal detection Norm appears in the upper left corner Initiates a digital averaging routine that averages the trace points in a number of successive sweeps resulting in trace smoothing The number of sweeps average number is changeable when setting Average Off Increasing the average number will further smooth the trace pressing BW gt Avg Type to select the type of averaging To restart averaging e Enter a new average number e Change any related parameter e g Center Frequency When in sweep single the specified number of averages is taken then the sweep stops and an average trace displayed When in continuous sweep mode the specified number of averages is taken then the averaging continues with each new sweep averaged in with a weight of rere and the old average reduced by multiplying it by 1 Aver
101. n measuring the power in the main channel Specifies the resolution bandwidth used in measuring and the power in the main channel Displays the type of power measurement reference selected by Measure Type Total Pwr Ref is the power in the carrier that is used as the reference in computing the relative power values for the offsets When Man is selected this can be set by the user When Auto is selected this is the measured power in the reference carrier PSD Ref is the mean power spectral density in the carrier that is used as the reference in computing the relative power spectral density values for the offsets When Man is selected this can be set by the user When Auto is selected this is the measured mean power spectral density in the reference carrier Key access Meas gt Spectrum Emission Mask gt Ref Channel Offset Limits Displays the menus to change the following parameters for offset frequency settings and pass fail tests Offset Start Freq Stop Freq Sweep Time Res BW and Limits Refer to the tables below for default settings of particular radio standards of interest Key access Meas gt Spectrum Emission Mask N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 125 4 Key Reference Table 4 1 Offsets amp Limits Defaulted for W CDMA 3GPP Base Station Measurements Offset Start Stop Res BW Abs Abs Abs Rel Rel Stop Meas Freq Freq kHz Start Stop Couple Start dBc BW MHz MHz dBm dBm dBc A On 2
102. n product Press Marker gt Normal Press Peak Search gt Next Peak N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 57 3 58 Functions and Measurements Measure the difference between this test signal and the second distortion product see Figure 3 17 Press Marker gt Mode gt Delta Press Peak Search gt Next Peak Figure 3 17 Measuring the Distortion Product Mkri amp 1 MHz 10 00 dBm Atten 10 dB W 3 000 kHz N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Stimulus Response Transmission CAUTION The procedure below describes using the built in tracking generator of the analyzer to measure the rejection of a low pass filter A type of transmission measurement To measure the rejection of a low pass filter connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3 18 A 370 MHz low pass filter as the DUT Figure 3 18 Transmission Measurement Test Setup Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Set the start and stop frequencies and resolution bandwidth Press Frequency gt Start Freq gt 100 gt MHz Press Frequency gt Stop Freq gt 1 gt GHz Press Bw gt 3 gt MHz Turn on the tracking generator and if necessary set the output power to 10 dBm Press Mode gt Tracking Generator gt Amplitude On gt 10 gt dBm Excessive signal input may damage the DUT Do not exceed the maximum power that the device under test can tolerate N9322C Spectrum Analyzer To reduce ripples caused by source return los
103. n triggers Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis gt More Changes the step size for the center frequency function Once a step size has been selected and the center frequency function is activated the arrow keys change the center frequency by the step size value The step size function is useful for finding harmonics and sidebands beyond the current frequency span of the analyzer Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis gt More gt More This function can remedy the carrier frequency deviation when the deviation less than symbol rate 5 Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis gt More gt More 147 4 Key Reference Peak Search Peak Search Next Peak Next Left PK Next Right PK 148 Places a marker on the highest peak based on the settings of the Peak Criteria on page 149 All peak search functions ignore the LO feed through signal The process for determining if the Peak is the LO feed through takes into account Start Frequency Span Resolution Bandwidth Resolution Bandwidth shape factor and Frequency Accuracy If there is no point of inflection within the LO feed through range the point on the trace with maximum amplitude that is higher in frequency than the LO feed through will be selected Performs peak search as described above Key access Peak Search Places the marker on the next highest peak The signal peak must exceed the peak threshold value by the peak e
104. nal when the bandwidth settings are wider Reducing the RBW setting will allow less of the larger signal to pass through the analyzer and the smaller signals peak will then rise out of the noise floor Place a delta marker on the smaller signal Press BW gt 1 gt kHz Press Peak Search Press Marker gt Mode gt Delta Press 50 gt kHz Figure 3 8 Resolved small signal from large signal f 11 14 dBm Atten 10 dB VBW 1 000 kHz The 1 kHz filter shape factor of 15 1 has a bandwidth of 15 kHz at the 60 dB point The half bandwidth 7 5 kHz is narrower than the frequency separation of 50 kHz so the input signals can be resolved N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 43 3 Functions and Measurements Measuring a Low Level Signal This section provides information on measuring low level signals and distinguishing them from spectrum noise Reducing Input Attenuation CAUTION The ability to measure a low level signal is limited by internally generated noise of the spectrum analyzer The analyzers input attenuator affects the level of a signal passing through the analyzer If a signal power level is close to the noise floor reducing the analyzer input attenuation will help raise the signal so that it can be seen rising out of the noise Ensure that the total power of all input signals at the analyzer RF input does not exceed 30 dBm 1 Watt Preset the analyzer Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Set the source frequenc
105. nalysis In the following example you can use any source available such as AM FM radio as long as it has AM FM signal generation capability AM Modulation Analysis Please refer to the procedures below for the AM modulation analysis 1 Connect the signal generator to RF IN connector and turn on the signal generator s AM and RF output 2 Turn on the AM demodulation analysis function Press MODE gt Modulation Analysis gt AM 3 Press Frequency gt Carrier Freq gt 100 gt MHz to set the carrier frequency 4 Set the attenuation state to Auto default Press Amplitude gt Attenuation Auto N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 87 3 88 Functions and Measurements 5 Press Shift gt Disp gt Y Scale gt Scale Coupling On to set the Y scale auto coupling 6 Set the AM depth limit and turn on the limit function Press Shift gt Limit gt AM Depth UP gt 51 gt gt AM Depth Low gt 49 gt gt Limits on The red value in the result indicates the demodulated AM depth exceeds the limits set as above Figure 3 29 AM demodulation analysis Lan Att 7 dB CarrFreq 100 000000 Miz Carrier Power Modulation Rate AM Depth SINAD Carr Freq Offset FM Modulation Analysis Please refer to the procedures below for the FM modulation analysis 1 Connect the signal generator to RF IN connector and turn on the signal generator s FM and RF output 2 Turn on the FM demodulation analysis function Press MODE gt M
106. nalyzer provides the enhanced usability as below e Socket Telnet remote control via USB and LAN port e The BSA PC Software on help kit CD provides further editing and data analysis functions e Keypad can be locked and unlocked with password to forbid undesired keypad operation e The GPIB interface option G01 make the unit easily compatible with your GPIB test system e Security feartures Option SEC allows user to erase all customized files and data in analyzer for security 1 Overview Front Panel Overview He Age 93226 aus roars Screen 6 5 inch TFT color screen shows information of the current function including the signal traces status indicators and instrument messages Labels for softkeys are located on the right hand side of the screen Softkeys are the unlabeled keys next to the screen They activate functions displayed to the left of each key Amplitude activates the reference level function and accesses the amplitude softkeys with which you set functions that affect data on the vertical axis SPAN sets the frequency range symmetrically about the center frequency The frequency span readout describes the total displayed frequency range Frequency activates the center frequency function and accesses the menu of frequency functions Function Keys relate direc
107. name can consist of letters and digits A single key stroke on the numerical keypad inputs a digital number and consecutive key stroke selects and inputs a letter Rotate the knob to choose the file type you need Press Enter to save the file The file will be saved immediately and File saved will be shown in the status bar When saving a file to a USB storage device do not disconnect the USB device during the save operation To do so may cause unexpected data loss Quick Saving a File Press Save to quickly save a trace or a screen to either the local memory or an external USB device depending upon the setup of the save path Refer to the steps for saving a trace screen Press File gt Setup gt Qsave Type to set the quick save file type Press File gt Directory gt Media Type to select the file directory Press Return gt Save to save a trace or a screen copy to the pre defined memory The trace or screen will be automatically assigned with a default file name A trace will be assigned with a file name such as HYTRACE N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 AYTRACE_1 and consecutive decimal numbers appended to the alphabetic file name such as HYSCREEN HYSCREEN_1 and consecutive decimal numbers appended to the alphabetic file name Saving a User State The analyzer allows you to recall the frequently used state file with User hardkey Please follow the steps b
108. nce of the source analyzer combination After the performance of the source analyzer combination has been verified the device under test DUT for example an amplifier would be inserted between the directional coupler output and the analyzer input Signal Generator Signal Generator Spectrum Analyzer 56 JOO ooo 300 MHz LOW PASS FILTER ee Directional Coupler N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 The coupler should have a high degree of isolation between the two input ports so the sources do not intermodulate 2 Set one source signal generator to 300 MHz and the other source to 301 MHz for a frequency separation of 1 MHz Set the sources equal in amplitude as measured by the analyzer in this example they are set to 5 dBm 3 Set the analyzer center frequency and span Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Press Frequency gt 300 5 gt MHz Press Span gt 5 gt MHz 4 Reduce the RBW until the distortion products are visible Press BW and 5 Move the signal to the reference level Press Peak Search Press Marker gt Marker To gt Mkr gt Ref Lvl 6 Reduce the RBW until the distortion products are visible Press BW and 7 Activate the second marker and place it on the peak of the distortion product beside the test signal using the Next Peak Press Marker gt Mode gt Delta Press Peak Search gt Next Peak 8 Measure the other distortio
109. nce signals in communications systems The X axis represents frequency and amplitude is represented by color red for a strong signal and blue for noise floor The Y axis represents time with the trace from the newest sweep displayed at the bottom of the screen Earlier traces move up toward the top with each new sweep Two coupled markers allow the user to place a marker on any trace in the Spectrum Monitor and view the normal spectrum for the time of that sweep The time interval between sweeps can be adjusted and up to 1500 traces can be displayed and saved Figure 3 24 Spectrum Monitor Submenu Agilent04 20 02 2010 05 27 Spectrum M1 0 0 Hz 1 Spectrogram Ref 0 00dBm Att 20 00dB r Run Pause Log 10 dB Restart Meas Update Int 100 Oms On Off Spctrg View gt Palette Gray Hz H00000MHz VBW 1 000000MHz Disp Mode gt Spetrg amp lrace 100 00 dBm 0 00 dBm MI Time 04 19 4 Center Freq 0 0 Hz W N2 Time File Logging Please refer to the procedures below to perform a spectrum monitor measurement 1 Connect the omni antenna to RF IN connector 2 Set the center frequency and span Press Frequency gt 1 8052 gt GHz 69 3 70 Functions and Measurements Press SPAN gt 5 gt MHz 3 Turn on the spectrum monitor function Press Meas gt Spectrum Monitor 4 Set the update interval time between two frames Press Update Int On rotating the knob or pressing numeric keypads to s
110. nd gray scale Key access MODE gt Spectrum Monitor Allows you to set the spectrogram display mode as trace spectrogram or both trace and spectrogram Key access MODE gt Spectrum Monitor Accesses the submenu for spectrogram file operation Start Stop Save This softkey allow you to start or stop the automatic save function Once the spectrogram measurement frames reached the file size set in the File Size a file SPE or CSV will be automatically saved and the spectrogram measurement will restart Key access MODE gt Spectrum Monitor The save process takes a few seconds to read from cache During this period the measurement is paused Timed Setting This submenu allows you to configure automatic time save function You can set start date time stop date time in this menu Press Timed Save On the analyzer will start the auto saving function from the Start Time 137 4 138 Key Reference e File Type Toggles the saved file type between trace and CSV e File Path Allocate the path where the file is saved File Size Set the number of frames for the spectrogram trace file The allowed input range is 200 to 1500 frames Reflection Measurement The reflection measurement mode provides the reflection measurement one port cable loss and distance to fault measurement function Auto Scale Press this softkey to adjust the amplitude scale automatically to include the peak and valley lev
111. nnel bandwidth A white frame on the display indicates the edge limits of the channel bandwidth The user must specify the center frequency reference level and channel bandwidth to be used for the measurement Sets the center frequency of display Key access Meas gt Channel Power Specifies the range of integration used in calculating the power in a channel For example set the main center channel bandwidth Note that the white frame indicates the integration bandwidth Be sure the span is set between 1 and 10 times the integration bandwidth Change integration bandwidth by using the knob and the arrow keys Key access Meas gt Channel Power Sets the sweep span of display Key access Meas gt Channel Power Set the integrated bandwidth to the sweep span of display The channel power and power spectral density display on the screen simultaneously Key access Meas gt Channel Power 119 4 120 Key Reference Disp Mode Disp Mode RRC Filter Filter BW This softkey toggles the display mode bwteen chart and Meter Key access Meas gt Channel Power This softkey is only avaiable when the display mode is set to Meter Pressing Auto Range toggles the display mode bwteen On and Off When Auto Range is set to off manual press Top and Bottom to set the display range of the channel power meter Key access Meas gt Channel Power This softkey is a combined key to set the Root Raised Cosine filter st
112. o monitor the signal capturing performance or intermittent event over extended periods of time High Sensitive Measurement Option P07 Includes an optional pre amplifier for signals in the frequency range up to 7 GHz enabling more sensitive measurements This feature is a great help in analysis of low level signals e High Accuracy Power Measurement Supports Agilent U2000 series option PWM and U2020 series option PWP power sensors for high accuracy power measurement as a power meter N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Overview 1 e Modulation Analysis Function provides optional AM FM and ASK FSK modulation analysis function AM FM Option AMA ASK FSK Option DMA Tracking Generator Option TG7 provides an RF source for scalar network analysis e Baseband Channel Option BB1 Provides superior DANL and SSB between 9 kHz to 10 MHz Cable amp Antenna Test Option RM7 Requires option TG7 Provides VSWR return loss cable loss and distance to fault function for reflection measurement Task Planner Option TPN Provides task planner function to integrate different measurements for test automation Time gated Spectrum Analysis Option TMG Measures any one of several signals separated in time and xxclude interfering signals Channel Scanner Option SCN provide the channel scan funtion in spectrum monitoring coverage test and band clearance Optimized Usability N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The a
113. odulation Analysis gt AM 3 Press Frequency gt Carrier Freq gt 100 gt MHz to set the carrier frequency 4 Set the attenuation state to Auto default Press Amplitude gt Attenuation Auto N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 5 Press Shift gt Disp gt Y Scale gt Scale Coupling On to set the Y scale auto coupling 6 Set the FM deviation limit and turn on the limit function Press Shift gt Limits gt FreqDev UP gt 11 gt gt FreqDev Low gt 9 9 gt gt Limits on The red value in the result indicates the demodulated FM deviation exceeds the limits set as above Figure 3 30 FM modulation analysis TE 7 Att 8 dB CarrFreq 100 000000 MHz 10 27 kHz kHz 0 000 10 000 Carrier Power Modulation Rate Frequency Deviation SIHAD Carr Freq Offset 89 3 90 Functions and Measurements ASK FSK Modulation Analysis The ASK FSK modulation analysis function supports four display modes e Symbol e Waveform ASK FSK Error Eye Diagram User definable limits provide Pass Fail indicators of four types e Maximum carrier power e Maximum ASK modulation depth FSK frequency deviation e Minimum ASK modulation depth FSK frequency deviation e Maximum carrier frequency offset The metrics includes carrier power ASK FSK error ASK depth FSK frequency deviation and ASK index etc The waveform with metrics and setup parameters c
114. offset Frequency gt Freq Offset 17 Video bandwidth BW gt Video BW 18 Display status line Display status and instrument messages 19 Resolution bandwidth BW gt Res BW 20 Center Frequency Frequency gt Center Freq 21 Active function block The functino in use 22 Low frequency channel Frequency gt LowFrqChannel 23 Sweep time rule Sweep gt Sweep Setup gt Swp Time Rule 24 Sweep type Sweep gt Sweep Setup gt Sweep Type 25 right Trigger Sweep Sweep gt Trigge F free run trigger V video trigger E external trigger C continuous sweep S single sweep 25 left Internal preamp Amplitude gt Int Preamp 26 Trace mode Trace W clear write M maximum hold m minimum hold V view S store blank Detect mode Normal Average Positive peak Sample Neg Peak Z2au gt p2a Trace gt Detector N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Rear Panel Overview N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Overview 1 emo y ICES NMB 001 REF OUT Hommz BS wy Kensington Lock lock the instrument and keep its safety USB Host connector provides a connection between the analyzer and an PC for remote control LAN port A TCP IP Interface used for remote operation EXT TRG IN TTL connector accepts an external voltage input the positive edge of which triggers the analyzer sweep function BNC female REF IN connector accepts an external timebase with a frequency of 10 MHz amplitude o
115. oggles the caculation type between power and logarithmic power When it is set to power the variable A and B will be calculated in power and the result variable C will display in converted logarithmic power When it is set to log power the variable A and B will be calculated in lograithmic power and the result variable C will display in logarithmic power 165 4 Key Reference 166 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Agilent N9322C Spectrum Analyzer User s Guide 5 Instrument Messages Overview 168 Command Errors 169 Execution Conflict 171 Device Specific Errors 173 oth Agilent Technologies 167 5 Instrument Messages Overview If an improper operation occurs during the instrument configuration a message will appear on the status line indicating the incident and the how the spectrum analyzer corrected the setting automatically press System gt System Info gt Errors History to read the specific descriptions of those messages Example In this example a failure explanation is generally included with each error to further define its meaning The instrument messages in this guide are listed numerically lt Number gt lt Code gt lt Message gt 1 330 Self test failed A self test failure occurred lt Explanation in manual gt 168 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Command Errors N9322C Specturm Analyzer 100 101 102 103 104 108 109 110 Instrument Messages 5 The messages listed below a
116. ommon terminal is connected to a neutral earthed pole of the power supply WARNING Personal injury may result if the spectrum analyzer covers are removed There are no operator serviceable parts inside To avoid electrical shock refer servicing to qualified personnel WARNING Electrical shock may result if the spectrum analyzer is connected to the power supply while cleaning Do not attempt to clean internally Prevent damage to the instrument and ensure protection of the input CAUTION 9 k P mixer by limiting average continuous power input to 33 dBm DC voltage to 50 VDC with gt 10 dB input attenuation Instrument damage may result if these precautions are not followed CAUTION To install the spectrum analyzer in other racks note that they may promote shock hazards overheating dusting contamination and inferior system performance Consult your Agilent customer engineer about installation warranty and support details N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 13 2 Getting Started Power Requirements The spectrum analyzer has an auto ranging line voltage input The AC power supply must meet the following requirements Voltage 100 to 240 VAC Frequency 50 to 60 Hz Power Maximum 100 W AC Power Cord The analyzer is equipped with a three wire power cord in accordance with international safety standards This cable grounds the analyzer cabinet when connected to an appropriate power line outlet The cabl
117. or that point is collected The analyzer looks at all of the data collected during that time and present a single point of trace data based on the detector mode The interval during which the data for that trace point is being collected is called the bucket Thus a trace is more than a series of single points It is actually a series of trace buckets The data may be sampled many times within each bucket e Average displays the power average in the bucket e Sample displays the instantaneous level of the signal at the center of the bucket represented by each display point e Positive Peak displays the max of the signal in the bucket e Negative Peak displays the min of the signal in the bucket The detector in use is indicated on the left side of the display A will appear next to it if the detector has been manually selected Key access Shift gt Dsip gt More Positive Obtains the maximum video signal between the Peak last display point and the present display point and stores this value in memory It s used primarily when measuring sinusoidal components When Positive Peak is selected Peak appears in the upper left corner Negative Is a peak detector but selects the minimum Peak video signal value This detection should not be used to measure the accurate amplitude NPk also appears in the upper left corner When Negative Peak is selected 163 4 164 Key Reference Average Nu
118. p RF Burst Trigger Slope Rise Fall Burst Level _ Swp Time Rule _ Auto Speed Accuracy Sweep Sweep Type FFT 184 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Display Menu Graticule On Off This menumap is for Spectrum Analyzer mode Y Scale On Off Display Line On Off This menumap is for Channel Scanner measurement Menu Maps Freeze Disp Mode Bar Time View Back Threshold On Off Sort By Down Up X scale Scale Coupling gt On Off Y Scale Ref Value Display Ref Position waveform gt Left gt Scale DIV This menumap is for ASK FSK modulation analysis N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 185 7 7 Menu Maps File Mode Task Planner Task Planner v Save As a Deselect EN Media Type Fr INT SYS USB Select All Recall Browse Folder Deselect All Sort By Rename Copy To Create Folder Files Operation H Move To Copy Move i Delete Directory 2 View FileType ALL BMP STA CSV Setup M QSave Type TRC ANT QSave Naming On Off SET LIM COR Sort By JPG STD TPF Prefix Edit more l more gt more 1 The softkey Copy Move only exists in the submenu of Copy To Move To 2 The softkey View FileType is fixed as TPF in Task Planner Mode 186 N9322C Spectrum An
119. p above the noise floor on both sides of the signal Peak Threshold Peak Type 150 the marker peak does not recognize signals less than peak excursion value above the noise floor To correct this when measuring signals near the noise floor reduce the excursion value To prevent the marker from identifying noise as signals reduce the noise floor variance less than the peak excursion value by reducing the video bandwidth or by using video averaging Key access Peak Search gt More Sets the minimum amplitude that the marker can identify as a peak For example if set to 90 dBm the marker moves only to peaks that rise and fall more than the peak excursion above 90 dBm Only functional when in Excursion and Threshold marker mode Key access Peak Search gt More Toggles the peak type between maximum value and minimum value Key access Peak Search gt More N9322C Spectrum Analyzer System Time Date Language Pwr on Preset N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 This softkey accesses the submenu to set the system and utility settings accesses the Time Date menu keys used to set and display the time and date Key access System gt Time Date chooses the 11 languages for softkeys display Key access System gt Time Date Accesses the following softkeys for the preset settings Key access System gt Pwr On Off Power on Determines the state of the analyzer when the DFT User Last analyz
120. pan for time domain analysis Press Span gt Zero Span Press Sweep gt Sweep Time gt 5 gt s Set the resolution bandwidth to capture the full bandwidth of the FM signal Press BW gt 100 gt kHz Turn on the optional pre amplifier to detect small signals Press Amplitude gt Preamp On Turn on the FM demodulator Press Marker gt Function gt Demod Press Demod Setting gt Demod Type FM 85 3 Functions and Measurements Listen to the FM signal Press Demod Setting gt Speaker Vol rotate the knob to adjust the speaker volume The headphone jack is availabe for the audio signal output alternatively 86 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Analysis the Modulated Signals The N9322C provides the optional AM FM Option AMA and ASK FSK Option DMA modulation analysis function for analysis the modulated signals These functions can be activated by license key AM FM Modulation Analysis Optional AM FM demodulation analysis provides modulation metrics including carrier power modulation rate AM depth FM deviation SINAD and carrier frequency offset User definable limits provide Pass Fail indicators of four types Maximum carrier power Maximum AM modulation index or FM deviation Minimum AM modulation index or FM deviation and Minimum carrier frequency offset The user can save the waveforms with metrics for reporting as well as the set up parameters for future measurements or a
121. peak and locate it to the center of the display Refer to Auto Tune on page 111 Turn the frequency counter on Press Marker gt Function gt Counter Move the marker with the front panel knob half way down the skirt of the signal response Figure 3 14 Using Frequency Counter The frequency and amplitude of the marker appears in the active function area this is not the counted result The counted result appears in the upper right corner of the display to the right side of C1 49 3 50 Functions and Measurements The marker readout in the active frequency function changes while the counted frequency result upper right corner of display does not For an accurate count the marker need not be placed at the exact peak of the signal response The Frequency counter properly functions only on stable CW signals or discrete spectral components The marker power level must be greater than 40 dB above the displayed noise level To turn off the marker counter Press Marker gt Function gt Off When using the frequency counter function the ratio of the resolution bandwidth to the span must be greater than 0 02 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Tracking Drifting Signals This section provides information on measuring and tracking signals that drift in frequency Measuring a Source s Frequency Drift N9322C Spectrum Analyzer The analyzer will measure source stability The maximu
122. pectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Power Meter Settings N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Please find the sections below to find the general power meter measurement settings Setting the Power Meter Top and Bottom End Points Setting the end points Disk Range close to expected measurement value changes the sensitivity of the Power Meter scale resolution This is an advantage in viewing small changes in power However this will not affect the overall range of the sensor This is only available for Meter and Chart display mode For Trace display please press Meas gt Peak Setup gt Trace Setup to set the X and Y scale Press Meas gt Meas Disp gt Dis Range to access the end points menu Press Top and enter the maximum scale value using the numeric keypad Then press dBm to complete the setup Press Bottom and enter the minimum scale value desired using the numeric keypad Then press dBm to complete the setup Setting Power Meter Resolution There are four levels of power meter resolution Higher resolutions provide more accuracy but slow the measurement speed The resolution is only available for U2000 series power meter and free run trigger mode in U2020 series power meter Press Meas gt Meas Disp gt Resolution Select 1 2 3 or 4 The four options represent different resolution as follow e 1 1 e 2 0 1 e 3 0 01 e 4 0 001 81 3 82 Functions and Measurements Set the Step Detect
123. pectrum Analyzer Menu Maps 197 7 7 Menu Maps Name Editor Menu ABCDEFG HIJKLMN OPORSTU Return 198 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer System Menu N9322C Spectrum Analyzer A Beeper Brightness 1 On Off Key Lock Keypad Setting On Off Time Date gt Time Pwr On Language Time Pwr Off Pwr On Off Pwr On Setting Preset DFT User Last EEE Preset Type System Info DFT User Last Save User More DC Pwr In Standby Pwron Brightness Power Saving Time Date Power On Off On Repeat Mode Once Everyday Time Date Show System Installed Options Error History Service Port Setting Securities Factory Default Erase Memory Time Base Upgrade Ey EXT Firmware Amp Alignment Calibration gt Cal Out Diagnostics onon Add Option P Sys Name IP Address Ext Input Static DCHP Trig Ref Gateway IP Admin gt Subnet Mask Probe Power Appl Off On pply Menu Maps 199 7 7 Menu Maps SPAN Menu 200 eo Span Full Span Zero Span Last Span N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Trace Det Menu Trace u Trace 1234 Clear Write Max Hold Min Hold View Normal Blank More 1 of 2 Average Pos Peak Sample
124. power levels below U2000 1 2A 25 dBm 320 mW average 20 VDC 33 dBm 2 W peak lt 10 us For more information on the maximum power of U2000 series power sensors please refer to the Operating and Service Guide of Agilent U2000 Series USB Power Sensors Connect the external attenuation if required with the power sensor used Connect the analyzer to the base station Connect the power sensor to the signal to be measured A typical BTS connection is after the output of the power amplifier and duplexer The connection requires a cable and two Type N barrel connectors in addition to the power sensor and external attenuator N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Press Meas Setup gt Disp Range to set the display range of the measurement when it is set to On the display range will be adjusted automatically according to the signal power dynamic range When it is set to Off press Top and Bottom to set the display range manually Press General Setup gt Freq to set the power frequency for the DUT The current frequency will display in the bottom line Press Power Range gt Auto Power to toggles the measurement range between On and Off When it is set to On the power range will be adjusted automatically Use auto range when you are not sure of the power level you are about to measure When it is set to Off press Range to select the upper range or lower range The lower range uses th
125. ps Peak Search Menu 190 Peak Search Next Peak Next Left PK Next Right PK Pk Pk Search To Center More Peak Table On Off Export Table to CSV Continous Pk On Off Peak Table Peak Criteria Peak Threshold Peak Excursion Peak Type Max Min N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Measure Menu 1 of 2 Center Freq Measure Off Int BW Disp Mode ACPR Channel Power RRC Filter Filter BW Center Freq Main Channel Adjacent Chn Adj Chn State On Off Adj Chn BW Auto Man Method Percent dBc Adj Chn Space Auto Man RRC Filter Filter BW m Total Pwr Ref PSD Ref N9322C Spectrum Analyzer OBW Spectrum dBc Monitor SEM Avg Number On Off Channel Scanner Meas ype Ref Channel Offset je Offset Limit Chan S ern On Of Fail Setting Stop Freq jo Abs StartAmpt Sweep Time Auto Man Abs Stop Ampt Res BW Couple Man Auto Man Rel StartAmpt More Rel StopAmpt Meas BW Fail Mask Chan Integ BW Chan Span Sweep Time Res Bw Auto Man Total Pwr Ref PSD Ref Log On Off Hold On Off Beep On Off Menu Maps 7 191 7 Menu Maps Measure Menu 2 of 2 192
126. quency Limit The tracking generator has reached the limit of its allowable RBW limited to 1 kHz when Span gt 1 MHz In spans greater than 1 MHz narrow digital resolution bandwidths below 1 kHz are not available Span limited to 1 MHz when RBW lt 1 kHz In narrow digital resolution bandwidths below 1 kHz spans greater than 1 MHz are not available 102 104 105 2nd LO Unlock 201 204 frequency range 211 213 214 TG start freq is less than 9 kHz Tracking generator uncalibrated below 9 kHz 173 5 174 Instrument Messages 215 224 238 501 502 604 605 TG start freq is less than 1 2 res bw Tracking generator uncalibrated at start frequencies below 1 2 the current resolution bandwidth Option not licensed The selected option requires a license Refer to the installation procedures in the user guide provided for this particular option VBW filter or Average Detector cannot use both RF over load Either increase input attenuation or decrease the input signal level IF over load Either increase input attenuation or decrease the input signal level File already exists You attempted to save to a file that already exists Either delete or rename the existing file or select a new name then try again Media is protected A save was attempted to a write protected device File access is denied The file is protected or hidden and cannot be accesse
127. r Measurement Unit dBm Ref 100 00 at BH CHP J Hz Hz dBm 6 65 000M 10 0004 3 080 14 135 000M 10 0004 4 359 7 75 000M 10 0004 12 715 13 125 000M 10 0001 13 701 8 85 000M 10 0001 23 046 12 115 000M 10 000M 23 563 10 100 000M 10 000M 28 541 11 105 000M 10 0004 30 110 9 95 000M 10 0001 30 476 20 200 000 10 000M 46 668 19 190 000M 10 000M 48 936 1 10 000M 10 0001 49 005 17 170 000M 10 0001 49 114 15 150 000M 10 0001 49 154 16 160 000M 10 000M 49 292 18 180 000M 10 0001 49 471 5 50 000 10 0001 49 943 4 40 000 10 0004 50 234 3 30 000M 10 0004 50 267 2 20 000M 10 0004 50 432 Index 6 Please refer to the procedures below to perform a Top N channel scanner measurement 1 Connect the antenna to RF IN connector 2 Turn on the channel scanner function Press Meas gt Channel Scanner N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 3 Press Meas gt Scan Mode gt Top N to set the scan mode to TOP N channel mode Input the channel number you need to monitoring Press Enter as a terminator 4 Press Range Edit to access the submenu to edit the scan range Toggle Edit Method to underline Std It allows you to set the range according to the embedded communication standard such as CDMA and GSM which is used specifically in different countries Press Signal Std to select the standard Press Recall as a terminator Press Begin Chn and End Chn to set the begin and end channel for scanning Press Appl
128. r Selects the Measure Filter as Root Nyquist Nyquist and Gaussian Alpha BbT Sets the root off factor a for Root Nyquist and Nyquist filter or BbT for Gaussian filter Filter Sets the symbol numbers for the selected filter Symbols The allowed value range is from 2 to 25 Accesses the submenu to select four display mode Symbol displays the binary symbol in full screen window N9322C Spectrum Analyzer X Scale Y Scale Meas Length Average N9322C Spectrum Analyzer On Off Key Reference 4 Waveform displays the signal waveform AM Error displays the AM error Eye Diagram Displays the Eye diagram Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis Accesses the submenu to configure the X scale parametes Scale Div sets the number of symbols in one division Ref Value sets the starting value in term of times at the reference position Ref position sets the display reference position to either Left Ctr center or Right If the Auto scale key is set to on these parameters are adjusted automatically according to the measurement result Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis Accesses the submenu to configure the X scale parametes Scale Div sets the number of symbols in one division Ref Value sets the starting value in term of times at the reference position Ref position sets the display reference position to either Top Ctr center or Bottom The Ext Gain is set to add the external
129. r Table 117 Meas key 119 measuring ACP 123 channel power 119 distortion 53 low level signal 44 multiple signals 35 occupied BW 121 SEM 124 source s frequency drift 51 TOI 56 menu maps 181 messages 17 MODE key 130 N Next Peak 148 0 occupied BW 121 Offset Limits 125 options enable 24 order list 12 P Peak Search key 148 power cord 14 power requirements 14 preset factory 31 user 31 203 Index Preset System key 151 W Pwr on Preset 151 WEEE 10 rack mount 19 Ref level 102 Rel Start 128 Rel Stop 129 requirements ventilation 18 Res BW 106 resolving signals equal amplitude 39 hidden by large signals 42 S Scale Div 102 Search Criteria 149 Show System 152 SPAN key 154 spectrum emission mask 124 Start Freq 111 Stop Freq 111 symbols 10 T TOI measuring 56 tracking drifting signals 51 U Uncoupled definition 47 using frequency counter 49 V VBW RBW 106 ventilation 18 Video BW 106 View Trace key 162 viewing signal 33 204 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer ie i DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY en Agilent Technologies According to EN ISO IEC 17050 1 2004 Manufacturer s Name Agilent Technologies Chengdu Co Ltd Manufacturer s Address No 116 4th Tian Fu Street Chengdu Hi Tech Industrial Development Zone South Chengdu 610041 China Declares under sole responsibility that the product as orig
130. r is indicated above the delta marker and the same number is indicated with an R for example 1R above the reference marker The amplitude and frequency or time of the first marker is fixed Use the data control keys to position the delta marker Annotation in the active function block and in the upper right corner indicates the differences between the two markers frequency time and amplitude Key access Marker gt Mode gt Delta Delta Pair Toggles the Delta Pair between the reference start and delta stop markers The start marker number is indicated with a number and an R reference above the marker for example 1R The delta marker is identified with the marker number only Key access Marker gt Mode gt Delta Pair Span Pair Toggles the Span Pair function between the span and center markers The start marker number is indicated with a number and an R above the marker such as 1R and the stop marker is indicated with only the marker number Adjusting the span changes the frequency difference between the two markers while maintaining the midpoint at a fixed frequency Selecting Center changes the center point between the two markers while maintaining the frequency difference Key access Marker gt Mode gt Span Pair Ref and Delta markers maintain their displayed x axis location But the frequency values will change if the frequency or span parameters define the x axis scale are changed Reset these markers if nece
131. r level sensitive devices connected to the tracking generator output may be accidentally damaged This is because the actual source amplitude will be greater than the amplitude indicated on the analyzer when the power sweep function is being used The source amplitude value is used as the starting amplitude for a power sweep The ending amplitude for a power sweep is higher then the source amplitude value and it may actually be set to values beyond specified output levels Therefore exercise caution when connecting a power level sensitive device to the tracking generator output Amptd Step Sets the step size of the power level range of the tracking generator The default setting is one vertical scale division when in a logarithmic amplitude scale Key access Mode gt Tracking Generator N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Amptd Offset Normalize N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 offsets the displayed power of the tracking generator Using the amplitude offset capability of the tracking generator allows you to take system losses or gains into account thereby displaying the actual power delivered to the device under test Key access Mode gt Tracking Generator access a submenu to set the parameters as below Store Ref 1 gt 3 Normalize On Off Copies trace 1 into trace 3 Softkey menu Store Ref 1 gt 3 must be pressed before pressing Normalize On Activates the normalize function On each sweep the norm
132. rade 25 10 Configuration 25 Timed Power On Off 26 Power Preset Last 26 Data Securities 27 Probe Power Output 27 3Functions and Measurements 29 Making a Basic Measurement 30 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Contents Using the Front Panel 30 Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer 31 Viewing a Signal 33 Measuring Multiple Signals 35 Comparing Signals on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta 35 Comparing Signals not on the Same Screen Using Marker Delta 37 Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude 39 Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals 42 Measuring a Low Level Signal 44 Reducing Input Attenuation 44 Decreasing the Resolution Bandwidth 46 Trace Averaging 47 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy 49 Tracking Drifting Signals 51 Making Distortion Measurements 53 Identifying Analyzer Generated Distortion 53 Third Order Intermodulation Distortion 56 Stimulus Response Transmission 59 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Lowpass Filter 61 Channel Scanner 64 Top Bottom N Channel Scanner 64 List N Channel Scanner 66 Channel Scanner Setup 68 Spectrum Monitor 69 Reflection Measurement 71 Preparation 71 Measuring Cable Reflection 72 Measuring Distance to Fault 72 Making a Power Measurement with USB Power Sensor 74 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Contents Making an Average Power Measurement 75 Making a Peak Power Measurement 79 Power Meter Settings 81 Demodulate the AM FM signal 84 Demodulating an AM Signal 84 Demodulating
133. re command errors which are saved into local registers Command error An unrecognized command or data type was encountered This message is used when the device cannot detect more specifics described for errors 101 to 109 Invalid character A syntactic element contains an invalid character Syntax error An unrecognized command or data type was encountered Invalid separator The parser was expecting a separator and encountered an illegal character Data type error The parser recognized a data element that is not allowed Parameter not allowed More parameters were received than expected for the header For example the ESE common command only accepts one parameter so receiving ESE 0 1 is not allowed Missing parameter Fewer parameters were received than required for the header For example the ESE common command requires one parameter so receiving ESE is not allowed Command header error An error was detected in the header This message is used when the device cannot detect more specifics described for errors 111 to 119 169 5 170 Instrument Messages 112 113 128 130 131 134 138 144 148 Program mnemonic too long The header contains more than 12 characters Undefined header The header is correct in syntax but it is undefined for this device Numeric data not allowed A legal numeric data element was received but the device does not accept one in t
134. ring the material in this document that conflict with these terms the warranty terms in the separate agreement shall control Technology Licenses The hardware and or software described in this document are furnished under a license and may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of such license Restricted Rights Legend U S Government Restricted Rights Software and technical data rights granted to the federal government include only those rights customarily provided to end user customers Agilent provides this customary commercial license in Software and technical data pursuant to FAR 12 211 Technical Data and 12 212 Computer Software and for the Department of Defense DFARS 252 227 7015 Technical Data Commercial Items and DFARS 227 7202 3 Rights in Commercial Computer Software or Computer Software Documentation Safety Notices CAUTION A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in damage to the product or loss of important data Do not proceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met A WARNING notice denotes a hazard It calls attention to an operating procedure practice or the like that if not correctly performed or adhered to could result in personal injury or death Do not proceed beyond a WARNING notice until the indicate
135. s The name editor menu is shown separately though it is accessed when entering data for many keys The front panel key menus appear in alphabetical order as follows sr Agilent Technologies 181 7 Menu Maps Amplitude Menu 182 Amplitude Ref level gt 1dB DIV Attenuation 2 dB DIV Auto Man 5 dB DIV Preamp 10 dB DIV Off On Scale DIV gt dBm Scale Type dBmV Log Lin dBuV Y Axis Unit W V More dBmV EMF i dBuV EMF HiSensitivity I Off On V EMF Apply neronset gt Corrections Off On Correction Correction1 Impedance Correction2 50 ohm 75 ohm PSD Function Off On Off Load User Correction3 Correction4 Impedance Off On N9322C Spectrum Analyzer BW Menu RBW Auto Man VBW Auto Man VBW RBW Auto Man N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Avg Type Log Pwr Power Voltage Menu Maps 7 183 7 Menu Maps Sweep Menu Sweep gt Free Run _ Gated Sweep RF Burst Sweep Time On Off Auto Man Gated View Video Sweep Le On Off Off External Single Cont View _ po SweepTime Video Level Single Sweep Gated Delay Tigger Siope Rise Fall Trigger Gated Length External Gated Sweep __ Gated Source Po Periodic Timer Sweep Setu
136. s use 6 dB or greater output attenuation Tracking generator output attenuation is normally a function of the source power selected However the output attenuation may be controlled in the Tracking Generator menu 59 3 60 Functions and Measurements To increase measurement sensitivity and smooth the noise Press BW gt 30 gt kHz Press BW gt Video BW gt 300 gt kHz A decrease in displayed amplitude is caused by tracking error Connect the cable from the tracking generator output to the analyzer input Store the frequency response in trace 3 and normalize Press Meas gt Normalize gt Store Ref 1 4 gt Normalize On Reconnect the DUT to the analyzer and change the normalized reference position Press Meas gt Normalize gt Norm Ref Posn gt 8 Measure the rejection of the low pass filter Press Marker gt 370 gt MHz Mode gt Delta gt 160 gt MHz The marker readout displays the rejection of the filter at 160 MHz above the cutoff frequency of the low pass filter See Figure 3 19 as below Figure 3 19 Measure the Rejection Range VBW 10 00 kHz N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Lowpass Filter When measuring filter performance it is useful to look at the stimulus response over a wide frequency range Setting the analyzer y axis amplitude to Log scale type presents the measurement data in a usable format for determining fil
137. s all the errors in the errors queue Accesses the submenu to set the service settings as below Key access System gt More gt Service Calibration Accesses the submenu to calibrate the time base of the analyzer load default values for the alignment system Time Base Calibrates the time base of the analyzer by Ext with external source Amp Adjust the amplitude accuracy according Alignment the internal cal out signal CAL OUT Turns the internal amplitude reference On Off signal on or off When this signal is on the RF input is disabled Upgrade Enables the firmware upgrade process once the USB disk with the firmware upgrade package plug connected N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Port Setting N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Diagnostics Accesses the Front Panel softkey to verify the functionality of each front panel key The number next to each key name increments once each time the key is pressed Rotating the knobs causes the number of pulses to be counted Press Return will go back to the main menu Add Option Accesses the security system to enable licensing for individual options A user may not turn off an option using this system Once an option has been licensed for a given analyzer it cannot be transferred to a different analyzer Access the submenu to set the ports as below Key access System gt More gt Port Setting Ip Config Toggles the IO port between USB LAN and GPIB option for remote con
138. s softkey allows you to set the Y axis of the graticule as return loss VSWR or reflection coefficient value Key access Meas gt Disp Mode IIM On Off This softkey toggles IIM between on and off When there is a need to measure the antenna feed line in field there are probably some interference signals coupled into the device which will be detected as spurs in the measurement result When IIM is set to on the analyzer will compensate those spurs by IIM algorithm Key access Meas gt IIM 139 4 140 Key Reference AM FM Modulation Analysis Carrier Freq IFBW EqLPF Filter Setup View Use the arrow keys to highlight the mode you need and press ENTER as a terminator When this mode is selected the AM FM modulation analysis menu will be displayed Sets the modulated carrier frequency Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis This specifies the IF bandwidth for the signal to be analyzed The measurement accuracy will be impacted if this value isn t set precisely Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis This specifies the IF bandwidth for the signal to be analyzed The measurement accuracy will be impacted if this value isn t set precisely Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis Accesses the Filter setup submenu for further configuration Key access Mode gt AM FM Modulation Analysis Meas Selects the Measure Filter as Root Nyquist Filter Nyquist and Gaussian Ref Filte
139. ss ENTER to start the short calibration 3 Connect the Load component of the T combo calibrator to the RF OUT connector Press ENTER to start the load calibration A Calibrated indicator is shown on the upper left corner of the screen when the calibration is completed Then the analyzer is ready for your further cable measurement Measuring Cable Reflection Press Mode gt Reflection Measurement gt Reflection Measurement to select the Reflection Measurement Mode It allows you to set the Y axis of the graticule as return loss VSWR or reflection coefficient value Measuring Distance to Fault For this measurement an internally generated signal emits from the RF OUT port of the tester and is transmitted to the cable and antenna system DUT The tester receives and processes the signal power reflected from faults and imperfections In performing a DTF measurement the tester uses frequency domain reflectometry The transmitted and reflected signals contain information about the distance to the faults This information is used to determine the physical distance to the faults The tester displays the physical distance to the probable faults corrected for cable loss and the velocity propagation factor of the cable N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Perform a DTF measurement To make a DTF return loss measurement over a frequency range of 50 to 400 MHz perform the following steps
140. ss Meas gt Normalize gt Norm Ref Posn gt 8 Place the reference marker at the specified cutoff frequency Press Marker gt Mode gt Delta Pair Ref gt 370 gt MHz Place the second marker at 37 MHz Press Delta Pair Delta gt 37 gt MHz In this example the attenuation over this frequency range is 17 98 dB octave one octave above the cutoff frequency N9322C Spectrum Analyzer N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 12 Functions and Measurements Use the front panel knob to place the marker at the highest peak in the stop band to determine the minimum stop band attenuation In this example the peak occurs with Delta of 563 MHz The attenuation is 60 93 dB See Figure 3 21 Figure 3 21 Minimum Stop Band Atten Mkrl amp 56 uation MHz Ref 0 00 dB Atten 20 dB VBW 10 00 kHz 63 3 3 Functions and Measurements Channel Scanner The channel scanner option SCN is a tool for coverage test band clearance and spectrum monitoring It measures the channel power of multiple transmitted channels The power is displayed via either the graphic bar chart or time bar chart It allows you to set maximum 20 channels for your test You can continuously log the scanned channel data as CSV file for post processing on your PC Top Bottom N Channel Scanner 64 Top Bottom N channel scan is used for searching the top bottom channels from specified channel range according channel power Figure 3 22 Top N Channel Scanne
141. ssary when parameters such as span or center freq are changed Turns off the active function markers Key access Marker gt Mode gt Off 115 4 116 Key Reference Marker To Function Accesses the following marker function menu keys To Center Sets the center frequency of the analyzer to the marker frequency In Delta mode this softkey sets the center frequency to the marker delta value The function is not available in zero span To Start Changes the start frequency so that it is equal to the frequency of the active marker In Delta mode this softkey sets the start frequency to the marker delta value To Start is not available in zero span To Stop Changes the start frequency so that it is equal to the frequency of the active marker In Delta mode this softkey sets the stop frequency to the marker delta value To Stop is not available in zero span To Reference Changes the reference level to the active marker value moving the marked point to the reference level top line of the graticule In Delta mode this softkey sets the reference level to the amplitude difference between the markers Key access Marker gt Marker To Accesses the marker function softkeys listed below Normal Activates the default readout mode This function is set to default marker function Counter Activates a frequency counter mode Noise Activates a noise readout mode for evaluating power density Band Power Indicates the pow
142. t Abs Stop Couple Man Rel Start Specifies the inner limit frequency closest to the carrier for both segments of the specified offset pair When Start Freq Off is selected the offset pair is not measured Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits Specifies the outer limit frequency furthest from the carrier for both segments of the specified offset pair The minimum frequency difference between Start Freq and Stop Freq is limited to 100 Hz Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits Specifies the sweep time for the currently selected offset and toggles this function between Auto and Manual for each offset Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits Specifies the resolution bandwidth used in measuring the offset pair When set to Auto the Res BW are used When set to Man the allowed range is 1 kHz to 1MHz Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits To enter an absolute level limit at Start Freq for the currently selected offset ranging from 200 00 to 50 00 dBm with 4 significant digits Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits gt More To enter an absolute level limit at Stop Freq for the currently selected offset ranging from 200 00 to 50 00 dBm with 4 significant digits and to toggle this function between Couple and Man If set to Couple this is coupled to Abs Start to make a flat limit line If set to Man Abs Start and Abs Stop the user can enter different values to make a sloped limit line Ke
143. t Attenuation Option P07 Toggles the internal pre amplifier function between on and off Pressing Preamp On results in a correction being applied to compensate for the gain of the preamp Amplitude readings then represent the signal value at the input connector When the preamp is on a PA indication appears on the left side of the display The preamp operates over a range of 100 kHz to 7 GHz Key access Ampiltude gt Preamp Sets the logarithmic units per vertical graticule division on the display The valid logarithmic units are 1 2 5 and 10 dB per division The Scale Div function is available only when the Scale Type key is set to Log Key access Ampiltude gt Scale Div N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Scale Type Scales the vertical graticule divisions in logarithmic units Log Lin when Log is selected The valid logarithmic units are 1 2 5 and 10 dB per division When Lin is underlined the vertical divisions are linearly scaled with default amplitude units of volts The top of the graticule represents the reference level value the bottom of the graticule represents zero volts Each division is one tenth of the reference level Key access Ampiltude gt Scale Type Y Axis Unit Accesses the softkeys that change the amplitude units logarithmic or linear Change the amplitude units by pressing dBm dBmV dBuV dBuA Watts Volts and Amps Key access Ampiltude gt Y Axis Unit Hi Sensitivity S
144. tenuation on page 44 and follow steps 1 2 and 3 2 Decrease the resolution bandwidth Press BW and The low level signal appears more clearly due to the noise level being reduced by the decrease in RBW see Figure 3 12 46 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Figure 3 12 Decreasing Resolution Bandwidth Ref 40 00 dBm Atten 10 dB A mark appears next to the Res BW annotation in the lower left corner of the screen indicating that the resolution bandwidth is uncoupled Uncoupled indicates that the function is in manual control mode not auto control mode Manual control mode allows the user to change the parameter value for that function without affecting any other settings The analyzer allows you to change the RBW in a 1 3 10 sequence by the data control keys The RBWs below 1 kHz are digital and have a selectivity ratio of 5 1 while RBWs at 1 kHz and higher have a 15 1 selectivity ratio The maximum RBW is 3 MHz and minimum is 10 Hz Trace Averaging N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Averaging is a digital process in which each sweep of the trace returns measurement values for each point in the trace These values are then mathematically averaged with the previous sweep trace data which has been stored in the analyzer The amount of averaging is selected by choosing the number of trace sweeps to be included in the process The averaging function uses the most recent trace sweep values so that t
145. ter characteristics The following example uses the tracking generator to measure the stop band attenuation of a 370 MHz low pass filter 1 To measure the response of a low pass filter connect the equipment as shown in Figure 3 20 This example uses a 370 MHz low pass filter Figure 3 20 Transmission Measurement Test Setup ee Rt mann vm 2 Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory 3 Set the start and stop frequencies and resolution bandwidth Press Frequency gt Start Freq gt 100 gt MHz Press Frequency gt Stop Freq gt 1 gt GHz Press Amplitude gt Scale Type gt Log N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 61 3 62 Functions and Measurements CAUTION Set the resolution bandwidth to 10 kHz Press BW gt 10 gt KHz Excessive signal input may damage the DUT Do not exceed the maximum power that the device under test can tolerate Turn on the tracking generator and if necessary set the output power to 10 dBm Press Mode gt Tracking Generator gt Amplitude On gt 10 gt dBm Connect the test cable but not the DUT from the tracking generator output to the analyzer input Store the frequency response into trace 3 and normalize Press Meas gt Normalize gt Store Ref 1 4 gt Normalize On Reconnect the DUT to the analyzer Note that the units of the reference level have changed to dB indicating that this is now a relative measurement To change the normalized reference position Pre
146. terials Verify if that the shipment includes your ordered options by checking the option label on the shipping container Unless specified otherwise all options are available when you order a spectrum analyzer some options are also available as kits that you can order and install activate after you receive the analyzer Order kits through your local Agilent Sales and Service Office At the time of analyzer purchase options can be ordered using your product number and the number of the option you are ordering For example if you are ordering option TG7 you would order N9322C TG7 If you are ordering an option after the purchase of your analyzer you will need to add a K to the product number and then specify which option you are ordering For example N9322CK TG7 For the latest information on Agilent N9322C spectrum analyzer options and upgrade kits visit the following Internet URL http www agilent com find n9322c N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Getting Started 2 Safety Notice Read the following warnings and cautions carefully before powering on the spectrum analyzer to ensure personal and instrument safety WARNING Always use a well grounded three pin AC power cord to connect to power source Personal injury may occur if there is any interruption of the AC power cord Intentional interruption is prohibited If this product is to be energized via an external auto transformer for voltage reduction make sure that its c
147. the individual signals and increases the sweep time Figure 3 6 Resolving Signals of Equal Amplitude 0 00 dBn Atten 10 dB 0 0 MHz BH 100 0 kHz V Bl For fastest measurement times use the widest possible resolution bandwidth Under factory preset conditions the resolution bandwidth is coupled to the span 41 3 42 Functions and Measurements Resolving Small Signals Hidden by Large Signals This example uses narrow resolution bandwidths to resolve two RF signals that have a frequency separation of 50 kHz and an amplitude difference of 60 dB Connect two sources to the RFIN as shown in Figure 3 4 Set one source to 300 MHz at 10 dBm Set the other source to 300 05 MHz at 70 dBm Set the analyzer as follows Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Press Frequency gt 300 gt MHz Press BW gt 30 gt kHz Press Span gt 500 gt kHz Set the 300 MHz signal to the reference level Press Peak Search Press Marker gt Mode gt Mkr gt Ref Lvl The 30 kHz filter shape factor of 15 1 has a bandwidth of 450 kHz at the 60 dB point The half bandwidth 225 kHz is NOT narrower than the frequency separation of 50 kHz so the input signals can not be resolved Figure 3 7 Unresolved small signal from large signal Atten 10 dB N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 5 Reduce the resolution bandwidth filter to view the smaller signal The smaller signal will be hidden by the larger sig
148. ting Attenuation 20 dB Auto Average Type Log Pwr Center frequency 3 5 GHz Average Number 100 Off Reference offset 0 dB Peak Excursion 6 dB Start Frequency 0 Hz Peak Threshold 140 dBm Stop Frequency 7 GHz Peak Search Type Max Hi Sensitivity Off Continuous Pk Off Span 7 GHz Graticule On Reference level 0 dBm Y Scale On Log scale Division 10 dB Cal Out Off Int Preamp Off Probe Power Off Trace 1 Clear Write Trigger Free Run Trace 2 3 4 Blank Marker Mode Normal Sweep Time 328 5 ms Auto Marker Function Normal Sweep Continuous Marker Table Off Limit Line Off Measure Meas Off Limit Off File Catalog Int Impedance 50Q File Sort By Date Detector Pos Peak Gated Sweep Off Display line Off Gate Delay 12 us Video bandwidth 3 MHz Auto Gate Length 84 us VBW RBW ratio 1 000 Auto Gate Source External Resolution 3 MHz Auto Sweep Time Rule Speed bandwidth N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Viewing a Signal Refer to the procedures below to view a signal 1 Press System gt Pow on off Preset gt Preset Type gt Factory to enable the factory defined preset state 2 Press Preset to restore the analyzer to its factory defined state 3 Connect the 10 MHz REF OUT on the rear panel to the front panel RF IN Setting the Reference Level and Center Frequency 1 Press Amplitude gt 10 gt dBm to set 10 dBm reference level 2 Press Frequency gt 30 gt MHz to set 30 MHz to center frequency Setting
149. tly to the following main functions e BW activates the resolution bandwidth function and accesses the softkeys that control the bandwidth functions and averaging e Trace Det accesses the softkeys that allow you to set up the trace settings and detector functions N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Overview 1 e Disp User accesses the submenu to recall the frequently used user defined state or control what is displayed on the analyzer including the display line graticule and annotation after pressing Shift e Mode selects the measurement mode according to the activated options e Marker accesses the marker control keys that select the type and number of markers and turns them on and off e Limit Sweep accesses the softkeys that allow you to set the sweep time select the sweep mode and trigger mode or to set the limit functions after pressing Shift e Peak Search places a marker on the signal peak e Meas accesses the measurements mode selection submenu in spectrum analyzer mode or the measurement submenu in other optional modes 7 Utility Keys relate directly to the following utilities e Preset resets the analyzer to a known state e System accesses the submenu to configure a series of system settings such as ports option and languages e Shift switches alternate upper blue function of the hardkeys e Save File accesses the file operation submenu or activate the quick save function after pressing Shift 8 Arrow Ke
150. to memory or related device specific requirements Illegal parameter value An attempt was made to select a user file that contains 0 bits Select another user file that contains at least 1 bit Hardware missing Missing device hardware For example the RF board is not installed Corrupt media A source media possibly EEPROM for a data file is corrupt This error is usually seen in conjunction with errors con cerning a certain file Device specific error This is the device specific error for devices that cannot detect more specific errors 171 5 Instrument Messages 330 Self test failed A self test failure occurred Report this error to Agilent Technologies 340 calibration failed An expected file was not found while trying to load internal calibration 172 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Instrument Messages 5 Device Specific Errors N9322C Specturm Analyzer Set 50 MHz signal lt 0 dBm do alignment again The 50 MHz energy is too high at the RF port for alignments to run Reduce input power to less than 0 dBm and run alignments again ist LO Unlock The first LO on has lost phase lock Report this error to the nearest Agilent Technologies sales or service office The second LO has lost phase lock Report this error to the nearest Agilent Technologies sales or service office Option not installed The desired operation cannot be performed because a required option is not installed TG Fre
151. to toggle the occupied bandwidth measurement mode between percentage and dBc e Setting Percentage Press OBW gt Method gt Percent to edit the percentage of signal power used when determining the occupied bandwidth Press to set the percentage ranging from 10 00 to 99 99 121 4 122 Key Reference e Setting dBc Press OBW gt Method gt dBc to specify the power level used to determine the emission bandwidth as the number of dB down from the highest signal peak within the occupied bandwidth span This function is an independent calculation from the OBW calculation The x dB bandwidth result is also called the emissions bandwidth EBW This sets the green frame fl and f2 are the two cross points of the signal and the pair of vertical lines of the displayed green frame to your specified dB value below the maximum power and compute the total power in the frame The emission bandwidth is then calculated ranging from 0 1 dB to 100 dB the default value is set to 26 dB N9322C Spectrum Analyzer ACPR Center Freq Main Channel Adjacent Chn State Adjacent Channel BW Adj Chn Space RRC Filter Filter BW N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Adjacent Channel Power Ratio ACPR measures the power present in adjacent transmit channels The span is automatically set according to the six available offsets and their associated integration bandwidths as defined by the user Sets the
152. trol Probe Power Provides power for high impedance AC probes or other accessories 15 V 12V 150 mA maximum Key access System gt More gt Port GPIB Address sets the GPIB address option G01 required 153 4 Key Reference Span 154 Span Full Span Zero Span Last Span Accesses the span function and the submenu softkeys for span functions Pressing Span changes the frequency range symmetrically about the center frequency The frequency span readout describes the total displayed frequency range To determine frequency span per horizontal graticule division divide the frequency span by 10 Enter the span frequency range value Key access Span Changes the span to full span showing the full frequency range of the analyzer Key access Span Changes the frequency span to zero In this mode the current center frequency is displayed in the time domain the x axis is displayed in units of time like a conventional oscilloscope Key access Span Changes the span to the previous span setting Key access Span N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Sweep Sweep Time Auto Man CAUTION Key Reference 4 Accesses the Sweep softkeys for selection of the sweep mode and trigger mode of the analyzer The softkey menu selections are defined as follows Selects the sweep time for the analyzer to tune across the displayed frequency span or in zero span the time the analyzer take to sweep the full screen Inputs may
153. trum Analyzer Agilent N9322C Spectrum Analyzer User s Guide 3 Functions and Measurements Making a Basic Measurement 30 Measuring Multiple Signals 35 Measuring a Low Level Signal 44 Improving Frequency Resolution and Accuracy 49 Tracking Drifting Signals 51 Making Distortion Measurements 53 Stimulus Response Transmission 59 Measuring Stop Band Attenuation of a Lowpass Filter 61 Channel Scanner 64 Spectrum Monitor 69 Reflection Measurement 71 Making a Power Measurement with USB Power Sensor 74 Demodulate the AM FM signal 84 Analysis the Modulated Signals 87 Measuring Channel Power 93 Files Operation 95 This chapter provides information on the analyzer functions and specific measurements capabilities of the spectrum analyzer ate Agilent Technologies 29 3 Functions and Measurements Making a Basic Measurement This section provides information on basic operations It assumes that you are familiar with the front and top panel buttons and keys and display annotations of your analyzer If you are not please refer to Front Panel Overview on page 4 and Rear Panel Overview on page 9 For more details on making measurements please refer to Key Reference on page 101 Using the Front Panel Knob Arrow Keys Numeric Keys Unit Softkeys Enter Key ESC Key Toggle Submenu Choice Adjust 30 This section provides you with the information on using the front panel of the spectrum anal
154. unction allows the user to compare two signals when both appear on the screen at the same time In the following example harmonics of the 10 MHz reference signal available are used to measure frequency and amplitude differences between two signals on the same screen Delta marker is used to demonstrate this comparison Preset the analyzer Press Preset With Preset Type of Factory Connect the rear panel REF OUT to the front panel RF IN Set the analyzer center frequency span and reference level to view the 10 MHz signal and its harmonics up to 50 MHz Press Frequency gt 30 gt MHz Press Span gt 50 gt MHz Press Ampulitude gt 10 gt dBm Place a marker at the highest peak on the display 10 MHz Press Peak Search The marker should be on the 10 MHz reference signal Use the Next Right Pk and Next Left Pk softkeys to move the marker from peak to peak Anchor the first marker and activate a second marker Press Marker gt Mode gt Delta The label on the first marker now reads 1R indicating that it is marking the reference point 35 3 36 Functions and Measurements Move the second marker to another signal peak using the front panel knob or by using Peak Search Press Peak Search gt Next Peak or Press Peak Search gt Next Right Pk or Next Left Pk Continue pressing the Next Pk softkeys until the marker is on the correct signal peak The amplitude and frequency differences between the markers are d
155. ussian Ref Filter Selects the Measure Filter as Root Nyquist Nyquist and Gaussian Alpha BbT Sets the root off factor a for Root Nyquist and Nyquist filter or BbT for Gaussian filter Filter Sets the symbol numbers for the selected filter Symbols The allowed value range is from 2 to 25 Accesses the submenu to select four display mode Symbol displays the binary symbol in full screen window Waveform displays the signal waveform ASK Error displays the ASK error Eye Diagram Displays the Eye diagram Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 XScale Accesses the submenu to configure the X scale parametes Scale Div sets the number of symbols in one division Ref Value sets the starting value in term of times at the reference position Ref position sets the display reference position to either Left Ctr center or Right If the Auto scale key is set to on these parameters are adjusted automatically according to the measurement result Key access Mode gt ASK FSK Modulation Analysis YScale Accesses the submenu to configure the X scale parametes Scale Div sets the number of symbols in one division Ref Value sets the starting value in term of times at the reference position Ref position sets the display reference position to either Top Ctr center or Bottom The Ext Gain is set to add the external gain to the test result If the Auto scale key
156. w gt Correction to access the correction file editing pop up menu c Refer to to add the pount data with frequency and amplitude offset value Figure 4 1 Editing correction file in PC software wm HewFileil Gels Points Edit Frequency Hz Amplitude dB 500 000 000 00 600 000 000 00 700 000 000 00 800 000 000 00 900 000 000 00 FrequeneyHz 1100000000 Ampltude dB fo d When the editing is completed press Save Save As to save the correction file 104 N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Impedance 50ohm 750hm PSD Function N9322C Spectrum Analyzer On Off Key Reference 4 2 Set a folder named N932xDATA in a USB disk and put the saved correction file in Insert the USB disk on top panel for further loading 3 Press Amplitude gt More gt Corrections to acess the correction function 4 Press Cable Antenna Other User to select the corrction type 5 Press Recall to load this correction fie The correction file name will be shown on the Correction softkey and the Apply Corrections is set to On automatically which indicates the amplitude compensation has been applied to the displayed trace Press Apply Corrections off to turn off all the corrections Set Antenna Unit to On to switch to graticule unit from dBm to dBmV m for field strength measurement Key access Ampiltude gt More gt Correction Toggles the computational input impedance between 50ohm and 75ohm This is only
157. warm up for approximately 30 minutes before calibration When the calibration is triggered the current measurement is interrupted and a gauge displays on the LCD The gauge simply indicates calibration is in process When it is finished the interrupted measurement restarts Please refer to the operation procedures as below 1 Input a 10 MHz 0 dBn signal to EXT TRIG IN 2 Press System gt Service gt Calibration gt Time Base by Ext to initiate the calibration Time base calibration takes only a short time when the inner temperature is stable When the inner temperature is increasing calibration takes a long period of time or will fail If the input reference signal is abnormal the calibration cycle will take a long and unpredictable time to exit and the LCD displays an error message N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 23 2 24 Getting Started Amplitude Calibration The analyzer privides the internal amplitude calibration function Please refer to the procedures below to perform an amplitude calibration 1 Press System gt More gt Service gt Calibration gt Amp Alignment 2 2 Connect the CAL OUT and RF IN connector with a N BNC cable Then Press Enter to continue The calibration will start immediately The calibration will be completed in serveral minutes Using an External Reference To use an external 10 MHz source as the reference frequency connect the external reference source to the REF IN connector on t
158. xcursion value If there is no peak the marker will not move Key access Peak Search gt Next Peak Moves the marker to the next peak to the left of the current marker position The signal peak must exceed the peak threshold value by the peak excursion value If there is no peak to the left the marker will not move and the No Peak Found error message will appear on the display Key access Peak Search gt Next Left Peak Moves the marker to the next peak to the right of the current marker position The signal peak must exceed the peak threshold value by the peak excursion value If there is no peak to the right the marker will not move and the No Peak Found error message will appear on the display Key access Peak Search gt Next Right Peak N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Pk Pk Search To Center Continuous Pk On Off Peak Table Peak Criteria N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Finds and displays the frequency or time if in zero span and amplitude differences between the highest and lowest trace points Key access Peak Search gt Pk Pk Search This is a hot key of marker to center Key access Peak Search gt Pk Pk Search When Continuous Pk is on the marker will remain on the peak signal even if the frequency of that signal changes The marker will remain on that signal as long as the amplitude of the signal does not change by more than 3 dB from one sweep to another If the signal is
159. y access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits gt More Enters a relative level limit at Start Freq ranging from 150 00 to 50 00 dBc with 4 significant digits Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits gt More N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Rel Stop Couple Man Fail Mask Meas BW N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Key Reference 4 Enters a relative level limit at Stop Freq ranging from 150 00 to 50 00 dBc with 4 significant digits and to toggle this function between Couple and Man If set to Couple this is coupled to Rel Start to make a flat limit line If set to Man Rel Start and Rel Stop the user can enter different values to make a sloped limit line Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits gt More Displays the menu to select one of the following logic keys for fail conditions between the measurement results and the test limits Absolute Relative Abs AND Rel and Abs OR Rel Key access Meas gt SEM gt Offset Limits gt More gt More Absolute Sets the limit test to show Fail if one offset is larger than the corresponding limit for Abs Start and or Abs Stop This is the default selection for each offset for BTS measurements Relative Sets the limit test to show Fail if one offsets spectrum emission mask measurement results is larger than the corresponding limit for Rel Start and or Rel Stop Abs AND Rel Set the limit test to show Fail if one offset s spectrum emission mask measurement results is larger than both
160. y to apply all the range settings If you toggle Edit Method to underline Custom it allows you to set the customer defined scan as your need Press Start Freq to set the scan start frequency Press Freq Step Size to set the frequency interval for adjacent channels Press Bandwidth to set the bandwidth of each frequency channel which is used to calculate the channel power Press Number of Chn to set the number of frequency channels which will be scanned Press Apply as a terminator to apply all the settings above OU Press Scan Start to initiate the channel scan function for Press Logging Start to start recording the scan process which includes the channel power and related channel bandwidth value to a CSV file Press Logging Stop to end the logging The CSVfile will be saved immediately N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 65 3 66 Functions and Measurements List N Channel Scanner The List N channel scan is used for listing the frequency channels from specific channel standard or customized frequency bandwidth Please refer to the procedures below to perform a List N channel scanner measurement 1 Connect the antenna to RF IN connector 2 Turn on the channel scanner function Press Meas gt Channel Scanner 3 Press Meas gt Scan Mode gt List to set the scan mode to List N channel mode Input the channel number you need to monitoring Press Enter as a terminator 4 Press List Edit to access the submenu to e
161. y to 300 MHz amplitude to 70 dBm Connect the source RF OUT to the analyzer RF IN Figure 3 9 Setup for obtaining one signal Signal Generator Spectrum Analyzer la a TI N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 3 Set the center frequency span and reference level Press Frequency gt 300 gt MHz Press Span gt 2 gt MHz Press Amplitude gt 40 gt dBm 4 Move the desired peak to the center of the display Press Peak Search Press Marker gt Marker To gt Mkr gt CF 5 Reduce the span to 500 kHz if necessary re center the peak Press Span gt 500 gt kHz 6 Set the attenuation to 20 dB Press Amplitude gt Attenuation gt 20 gt dB Figure 3 10 A signal closer to the noise level Note that increasing the attenuation moves the noise floor closer to the signal level 7 To allow more of the signal power to pass through the analyzer decrease the attenuation to 0 dB N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 45 3 Functions and Measurements A lower attenuation value will mean that more of the signal strength will be displayed on screen Press Amplitude gt Attenuation gt 0 gt dB Decreasing the Resolution Bandwidth Resolution bandwidth settings affect the level of internal noise but have little affect on the displayed level of continuous wave CW signals Decreasing the RBW by a decade factor of ten reduces the noise floor by 10 dB 1 Refer to the procedure Reducing Input At
162. ys The up and down arrow keys shift the selected item when you press MODE hardkey you can also change the mode by rotating the knob 9 Knob The knob increases or decreases a value a numeric digit or scrolls up and down to select an item in a list 10 Data Control Keys includes the numeric keypad ENTER key and backspace key change the numeric value of an active function such as center frequency start frequency resolution bandwidth and marker position if the analyzer is in the remote mode pressing ENTER key returns the analyzer to the local mode and enables front panel control N9322C Spectrum Analyzer 5 1 Overview RF IN connector recieves the signal input The maximum damage level is average continuous power 33 dBm or DC voltage 50 VDC The impedance is 50 Q N type female PROBE POWER connector provides power for high impedance AC probes or other accessories 15 V 12 V 150 mA maximum CAL OUT connector provides an amplitude reference signal output of 40 MHz at 25 dBm BNC female TG SOURCE connector N type female is the source output for the built in tracking generator The maximum damage level is average continuous power 30 dBm or DC voltage 50 VDC The impedance is 50 Q for Option TG7 Standby Switch switches on all functions of the analyzer To switch the analyzer off press the switch for at least 2 seconds This deactivates all the functions but retains power to internal circuits so long as the an
163. yzer Entering Data When setting the measurement parameters there are several ways to enter or modify the value of the active function Increments or decrements the current value Increments or decrements the current value by a step unit Enters a specific value Then press the desired terminator either a unit softkey or Enter hardkey Terminate enter a value with a unit softkey from the menu Terminates an entry when no unit of measure is required or the instrument uses the default unit To delete the current input digit prior to entering the value Using Softkeys Softkeys are used to modify the analyzer function parameter settings Some examples of softkey types are Turn on or off an instrument state Displays a secondary menu of softkeys More Selecting from a list of standard values or filenames Highlights the softkey and sets the active function N9322C Spectrum Analyzer Functions and Measurements 3 Presetting the Spectrum Analyzer Preset function provides a known instrument status for making measurements There are two types of presets factory and user Factory Preset When this preset type is selected it restores the analyzer to its factory defined state A set of known instrument parameter settings defined by the factory User Preset Restores the analyzer to a user defined state A set of user defined instrument parameter settings saved for assisting the user in quickly returning to known

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