Operating instructions
Contents
1. Up to 5O metres 11 11 59 02 Up to 100 metres 11 11 59 03 Baro Diver Barometric variations 11 11 55 01 Page 14 Baro Diver Mini Diver Micro Diver and Cera Diver The Diver types meet the following general specifications Diameter Length Weight Protection class Storage Transport temperature Operating temperature Material Casing Pressure sensor Suspension eye nose cone Communication Memory capacity Memory Sampling rate Sampling options Fixed interval Event based Pump test to be configured by user Resources Battery life Theoretical capacity Clock accuracy Cee Gp Qum 022 mm 018 mm 022 mm 90 mm incl suspension eye approx 70 grams approx 50 grams approx 55 grams IP68 10 years continuously submerged in water at 100 m 20 C to 80 C affects battery life O C to 50 C 316L stainless 316L stainless Zirconia ZrO steel active steel active substance no substance no 1 4404 1 4404 Alumina Al203 Akulon reinforced with fibreglass Optically separated 24 000 48 000 48 000 measurements measurements measurements Non volatile memory A measurement consists of date time level temperature 0 5 sec to 99 hours Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes 10 years depending on use 5 milllon measurements 2000 x memory readouts 2000 x programming Better than 1 minute per year at 25 C Page 15 CE mark2. a greater range of functionality than the Mini Diver and Baro Diver These last two Divers only offer a fixed measurement option This means that the Diver takes measurements on the basis of user defined intervals The other Divers offer the following measurement options Pre programmed pump tests or user defined pump tests Average values over a specified time period An event based option In this case the Diver only stores measurements once the percentage variation limit set for the pressure or conductivity CTD Diver measurement is exceeded This percentage variation can be specified by the user For applications in surface waters it is possible to average the values over a specified period The average values are then stored The effects of waves are averaged out this way Page 10 Software Diver Office Diver Office is a software package used in conjunction with every type of Diver described in this manual The latest version of Diver Office can be downloaded at any time from the website www swstechnology com Diver Office operates under all current versions of Microsoft Windows and is easy to install on a laptop or PC When new versions of Microsoft Windows are released the website www swstechnology com contains further information concerning the supported Windows versions etc The site will always provide the latest Diver Office version as a free download upgrade The Diver Office makes it possible to communic
3. atmospheric pressure Consequently an atmospheric pressure measurement is required to determine the water level The summary below explains the differences between the various Diver types Mini Diver This is the basic Diver manufactured using a stainless steel 316 L casing with a 22 mm diameter The Mini Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 24 000 measurements pressure and temperature Micro Diver This is the smallest Diver with a diameter of 18 mm and a stainless steel 316 L casing The Micro Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 48 000 measurements This Diver is suitable for pipes with a diameter of at least 20 mm Cera Diver This Diver comes with a 22 mm diameter ceramic casing and is suitable for use in semi saline water and seawater or in other aggressive environments The Cera Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 48 000 measurements CTD Diver In addition to taking pressure and temperature measurements this Diver also measures the water s conductivity The 22 mm diameter ceramic casing is suitable for salt water applications The CTD Diver is capable of storing a maximum of 48 000 measurements Baro Diver This Diver measures atmospheric pressure and is used to compensate for the variations in atmospheric pressure measured by the other Divers The stainless steel 316 L casing has a diameter of 22 mm 7 T a zi I a Page 9 The Micro Diver Cera Diver and CTD Diver incorporate
4. monitoring well can will affect the measurements Glued monitoring wells it is known that certain glue types affect measurements Page 24 Installation in Surface Waters If a Diver is to be used in surface waters it is important that there is sufficient circulation around the Diver s sensors Water flows prevent the pipe from silting up and ensures that the Diver in fact measures the surrounding water rather than the stagnating water in the monitoring well itself We recommend that a monitoring well of at least 2 is used of which the x openings must be kept clear of for example algae and plant growth as much as possible If a steel pipe is used see pictures with a 1 monitoring well installed inside the pipe allow the Diver s extremity to protrude somewhat beyond the end of the pipe so that the Diver s sensors also come into contact with the water at this point Install the fixing post to which the monitoring well is attached so that the Diver benefits from the maximum water depth and flow for example in the middle of the ditch To prevent vandalism a steel pipe with a steel cap that can be locked can be used Position the Divers deep enough so that they remain below a possible ice layer This picture shows a Diver whose sensor protrudes from below the monitoring well A thinner monitoring well has been placed into the steel pipe in which the Diver can be installed Page 25 The use of Divers at e
5. 0 11 11 01 06 5O mH20 0 2596 FS 0 05 FS 0 2 FS 1 cmH20 75 mH20 11 11 02 02 10 mH20 0 3 FS 0 1 FS 0 2 FS 0 2 cmH20 15 mH20 11 11 01 04 20 mH20 0 2596 FS 0 05 FS 0 2 FS 0 4 cmH20 30 mH20 11 11 01 08 100 mH20 0 25 FS 0 05 FS 0 296 FS 2 cmH20 150 mH20 11 11 02 04 20 mH20 0 3 FS 0 1 FS 0 2 FS 0 4 cmH20 30 mH20 Page 18 Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum pressure Cera Diver Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum pressure Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum pressure 11 11 02 06 50 mH20 0 396 FS 0 196 FS 0 2 FS 1 cmH20 75 mH20 11 11 03 02 10 mH20 0 2 FS 0 05 FS 0 1 FS 0 2 cmH20 15 mH20 11 11 03 06 5O mH20 I 0 2 FS 0 05 FS 0 1 FS 1 cmH20 75 mH20 11 11 02 08 100 mH20 0 3 FS 0 1 FS 0 2 FS 2 cmH20 150 mH20 11 11 03 04 20 mH20 0 296 FS 0 05 FS 0 1 FS 0 4 cmH20 30 mH20 11 11 03 08 100 mH20 0 296 FS 0 05 FS 0 1 FS 2 cmH20 150 mH20 Page 19 CTD Diver inn 11 11 59 01 Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum pressure Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum p
6. Diver is completely submerged in a water bath during the calibration The temperature of the water bath is stabilised at 15 C and 35 C The Diver is calibrated at 15 C as well as 35 C Variations in pressure are created at these two calibration temperatures The variations in pressure consist of a series of increasing and decreasing pressure readings at 1096 3096 50 7096 and 90 of the total range Page 13 Manufacturer s Certificate The Diver passes inspection if it meets all specifications A manufacturer s certificate is available upon request when the Diver is supplied Specifications Aside from the Baro Diver art no 11 11 55 01 for atmospheric pressure and temperature measurements there are 12 Diver versions for pressure and temperature measurements and 3 CTD Diver versions for pressure temperature and conductivity measurements The summary below summarises the measurement ranges of the water columns that the Divers are capable of measuring Mini Diver Up to 10 metres 11 11 01 02 Up to 20 metres 11 11 01 04 Up to 5O metres 11 11 01 06 Up to 100 metres 11 11 01 08 Micro Diver Up to 10 metres 11 11 02 02 Up to 20 metres 11 11 02 04 Up to 5O metres 11 11 02 06 Up to 100 metres 11 11 02 08 Cera Diver Up to 10 metres 11 11 03 02 Up to 20 metres 11 11 03 04 Up to 5O metres 11 11 03 06 Up to 100 metres 11 11 03 08 CTD Diver Up to 10 metres 11 11 59 01
7. Operating instructions M2 11 11 E MiniDiver MicroDiver CeraDiver Baro Diver CTD Diver environmental y A Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment PO Box 4 6987 ZG Giesbeek Nijverheidsstraat 30 6987 EM Giesbeek The Netherlands 31 313 880200 31 313 880299 diver eijkelkamp com Www eijkelkamp com mn February 2010 Schlumberger WATER SERVICES IMini Diver IMicro Diver Cera Diver Baro Diver CTD Diver The manual should be read before the Diver is installed or operated Always use the standard packaging material when transporting the Diver To ensure proper functioning please avoid the following Operation outside of specified pressure range e Shock Hitting or falling onto hard surface or falling into groundwater Operation outside of specified temperature range e Extreme magnetic or electrical fields Note Use only the CeraDiver or CTD Diver in seawater Diver amp by Schlumberger Water Services Page 1 Product Manual Schlumberger Water Services Delftechpark 20 PO Box 553 2600 AN Delft The Netherlands Tel 31 0 15 275 5000 www swstechnology com Version January 2010 All rights reserved Nothing in this publication may be duplicated stored in a computerised data file or made public in any form or manner whatsoever be it electronic mechanical in photocopies recordings or in any other way without prior written permission from Schlumberger Water Services Netherlands B V Pa
8. annel for 6 values 150 1 000 3 000 12 500 38 000 and 89 500 wS cm the calibration Active use is made of the built in temperature correction feature of the CTD Diver during the calibration The factory calibration always remains stored in the CTD Diver regardless of the number of times that a field calibration is performed As long as the C sensor is not damaged or covered over with algae or deposits for example the calibration remains valid and a field calibration will not be necessary In case of doubt it is recommended that a measurement first be carried out using a known solution calibration liquid after first thoroughly rinsing the sensor in demineralised water otherwise the reference liquid will become contaminated This test measurement provides insight into the recent operation of the CTD Diver Based on the variance between the reference value and the value indicated by the CTD Diver when submerged in the reference liquid the measurement series can be adjusted if necessary Page 28 If the variance is too high higher than the indicated accuracy it is recommended that the CTD Diver be first cleaned rinsed if necessary with white vinegar or a diluted acid solution A second reference measurement can then be carried out after thorough rinsing in demineralised water otherwise the reference liquid will become contaminated Only if the variance is then still outside the CTD Diver specifications should a fi
9. apable of flawlessly locating these files on an interconnected Pocket PC The import is fast and flawless The software program s manual contains additional information about how to work with a Diver Pocket Figure 6 Page 12 Technical Information General The Diver is a datalogger housed in a cylindrical casing with a suspension eye at the top The suspension eye can be unscrewed and is designed to install the Diver into the monitoring well and protects the optical connector The electronics sensors and battery are installed maintenance free into the casing The Diver may not be opened In case of any complaints please contact your supplier The name of the datalogger the model number the measurement range and the serial number SN are clearly identified on the side of the Diver This information is burnt in using a laser and is consequently chemically neutral and inerasable Examples DIVER BARO CTD DIVER DIST 100m swA1234 TT Calibration Procedure The Diver is fine tuned and tested in accordance with a predefined procedure prior to delivery The most important test is the calibration verification of the measurements against a higher standard The Diver measures pressure and is conventionally calibrated in centimetres of water column cmH20 The relationship of the pressure in cmH20 to the pressure in millibars is defined as follows 1 mbar 1 01972 cmH20 or 1 cmH20 0 980665 mbar The
10. ate with the Divers and or to start stop them The measurement data recorded by the Divers can be read out at any time You have the option of reviewing compensating for variations in atmospheric pressures printing or exporting the measurement data to various file formats for processing by other software All values and settings are stored in a database Furthermore the raw Diver data is also stored as a file The software program s manual contains additional information about the operation of Diver Office fee mw LIEN ALL IED ee ee a dl ma Figure 5 Page 11 Diver Pocket Diver Pocket was specifically designed for field use Diver Pocket is a software application that runs on a Pocket PC The Diver Pocket is available in two versions e Diver Pocket Reader is a version designed exclusively for reading out Divers With this version it is not possible to change settings inadvertently or otherwise Stopping starting a Diver also is not possible with this version The only thing that the Reader is capable of is reading out the Diver s data e Diver Pocket Manager is a version that in addition to reading out the Diver s data can also be used to start stop and program the Diver The files collected with Diver Pocket can subsequently be downloaded to a computer This is however not necessary for importing the Diver Pocket data into Diver Office Diver Office comes equipped with an import function that is c
11. atmospheric pressure measurements is recommended for this purpose In principle a single Baro Diver is sufficient for an area with a radius of 15 kilometres depending on terrain conditions Also see Appendix Il Use of Divers at Elevations The following describes how to install the Divers and Baro Diver Installation in a monitoring well Divers are normally installed below water level in a monitoring well The depth at which a Diver can be suspended is dependent on the instrument s measurement range Further information about the Diver s range is contained in the Section Technical Information First determine the length of the non stretch suspension cable Stainless Steel wire item number MOB5OOO on the basis of the lowest groundwater level Provide for the required additional length for attaching the cable to the Diver and the length of the suspension eye at the upper end when you cut the wire to size Next use wire clips to attach the ends of the cable to the monitoring well s end cover and the Diver s suspension eye respectively To determine the distance of the pressure sensor in the monitoring well requires the precise length of the cable to be known to which the distance to the location of the pressure sensor in the Diver must be added to obtain the overall operating length Page 22 This is depicted in the diagram below Divers meten vanaf dit gunt It is also possible to install the Diver with a Div
12. atures Furthermore a brief description of the software that can be used in combination with the Divers is provided The next section contains the technical specifications for each type of Diver Section 3 covers the installation of Divers in monitoring wells and in surface waters This is followed by a description of how to maintain a Diver Section 4 discusses conductivity measurements using the CTD Diver and conductivity calibration The last section includes the answers to frequently asked questions Operating principle The Diver is a datalogger designed to measure water levels Measurements are subsequently stored in the Diver s internal memory The Diver consists of a pressure sensor designed to measure water pressure a temperature sensor memory for storing measurements and a battery The Diver is an autonomous datalogger that can be programmed by the user Figure 1 Page 4 Measuring water levels All Divers establish the height of a water column by measuring the water pressure using the built in pressure sensor As long as the Diver is not submerged in water it measures atmospheric pressure just like a barometer Once the Diver is submerged this is supplemented by the water s pressure the higher the water column the higher the measured pressure The height of the water column above the Diver s pressure sensor is determined on the basis of the measured pressure To measure these variations in atmospheric pressure a Baro Di
13. ed using our software Diver Office or Diver Pocket The software is supplied on a CD ROM or can be downloaded from the website www swstechnology com 2 Unscrew the Diver s suspension eye 3 Insert the Diver upside down into the readout unit see above Page 31 e A Diver suspended from a Diver Data Cable DDC can be left hanging in the well This Diver can be read out with a PC or Pocket PC via a DDC interface cable 1 Connect the DDC interface cable to a PC or Pocket PC 2 Unscrew the protective cap from the end of the DDC 3 Connect the connector on the interface cable to the end of the DDC 4 Read out the Diver measurements using one of our programs 5 Unscrew the DDC s interface cable 6 Replace the protective cap on the DDC Q What is a Pocket PC and what is Diver Pocket A A Pocket PC also known as a PDA or Handheld PC is a handheld computer that can be used to download data from Divers in the field Diver Pocket is the software package developed for use on this platform The ActiveSync software program that is supplied with the Pocket PC is used to install the Diver Pocket program on the Pocket PC The user has the option of installing a simplified version only suitable for Diver read outs or an expanded version capable of performing all Diver interactions A license code is required to use the Diver Pocket Manager version Q s a Diver limited to being used at sea level A No Dive
14. een wr rie dar minig mn Lage ed dm af fn te tr er den LAT em E am etiam E ibi slima E RUD efen U D i beeren hama e dem i rl Ie Hu im TT IPIS uia su uem Fund b arm Ale gegevera ride C IU Dever suber vair den gm Lee de geleeitac unt lalbr ge renner aandachba sodat umer lib ane oer bet cut opener vas fe geet Fore Bando abeant arte ban lasten tot werker var Duc ree hunc ean d C TD Tien Uik oe CKC crm doce Pit aas e che bone ao fl Brender orm be opcm CE e Important Prior to each reference measurement and or calibration the CTD Diver must be thoroughly rinsed in demineralised water After it has been rinsed it may not be touched by bare hands since the reference liquid can easily become contaminated by residual contaminants and or residual salts left on hands This invalidates a reference measurement calibration since the reference has become distorted This effect is highest at the lowest values Erroneous or improper calibration can also negatively affect the accuracy of the CTD Diver Cleanliness during calibration is very important All salt residues adhering to the CTD Diver will negatively affect the accuracy of the calibration liquid This is why this liquid may never be used twice Temperature differences can also cause errors extended acclimatisation is a must In such cases it is recommended that the factory calibration be restored LE rnc di p ILLE u che CFU Des vn I IU Imi pem 9m
15. eld calibration be considered Field calibration The specification referred to above related to the accuracy of the conductivity cell across the entire O 120 mS cm measurement range can only be achieved if the CTD Diver is calibrated at all four calibration points 1 413 5 12 88 and 80 mS cm during the field calibration If you choose to use the CTD Diver in a specific measurement area you may decide to perform the calibration on no more than 1 or 2 points This means that the CTD Diver meets the specifications in that particular measurement range The CTD Diver may deviate somewhat from the specifications outside the calibrated measurement range Example If the CTD Diver is used in a measurement range of 2 3 mS cm perform the field calibration at 1 413 and or 5b mS cm The CTD Diver will consequently be within the specifications for the 1 413 to 5 mS cm measurement range If the field calibration is later carried out at the 4 calibration points then the CTD Diver will once again meet its specifications within the entire measurement range The procedure for calibrating a CTD Diver can be found in the Diver Office software manual Furthermore we recommend that prior to carrying out a calibration the CTD Diver be allowed to become acclimatised if it has not been used for an extended period of time This can be accomplished by immersing the CTD Diver in normal tap water for a day set to a one minute sampling rate Page 29 St
16. er Data Cable DDC This cable allows you to read out the Diver at the top of the monitoring well lt lt lt lt Translation of Diagrams gt gt gt Measure Divers from this point on Effective cable operating length Effectieve werklengte van de kabel Diver suspended by steel wire Diver suspended by DDC Note When the Diver is installed it is possible for the groundwater level to be temporarily elevated The reverse is true when the Diver is removed The groundwater level may then be temporarily lowered If the cable length is not exactly known it can for example be calculated using the Diver Office and a manual measurement measuring tape measurement from the top of casing manual measurement Diver measurement Baro Diver reading cable length Page 23 The following must be taken into consideration when installing a CTD Diver Preferably do not install in very tight fitting piping The C value readings are most accurate most reliable when the through flow of the water to be measured is unimpeded The preference is for CTD Divers to be suspended at screen height In contrast to regular Divers the position within the monitoring well in relation to the screen affects the measurements Here too the following dictum applies the greater the through flow the more reliable the measurement The monitoring well is made of non metal containing material ons released from the walls of the
17. er high temperature this will adversely affect the life of the battery The battery s capacity at lower temperatures is reduced but this is not permanent This is normal behaviour for batteries The accuracy of the clock is highly dependent on temperature The clock is actively compensated for temperature in all models General Transport Suitable for transportation by vehicles ships and airplanes in the supplied packaging Resistance to vibration In accordance with MIL STD 810 Mechanical shock test In accordance with MIL STD 810 for light weight equipment Temperature The following specifications apply to the Mini Micro Cera CTD Diver and Baro Diver for temperature measurements Measurement range 20 C to 80 C Operating Temperature OT O C to 50 C Accuracy OC Resolution 0 01 C Response time 90 of final 3 minutes in water value Page 17 Pressure The specifications for atmospheric and water pressure measurements vary by type of Diver The specifications below apply at a temperature range of O C to 50 C Mini Diver oM Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum pressure Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum pressure Micro Diver DIVER Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum pressure 11 11 01 02 10 mH20 0 2596 FS 0 0596 FS 0 2 FS 0 2 cmH20 15 mH2
18. es e The CTD Diver s battery has the capacity to perform 2 million measurements 500 readout cycles 500 programming cycles Given past experience a maximum lifespan of 10 years is considered standard under typical use Typical use means that among other things Divers are not exposed to extreme temperatures over extended periods of time the measurement sampling rate is not set at 1 second a download is not requested by modem every hour etc Example e measurement per hour over a period of 10 years produces 8 60 measurements e measurement every 15 minutes over a period of 10 years produces 350 400 measurements Q s it possible to use the Divers in seawater A The Mini and Micro Divers are made of 316L stainless steel This material is not suitable for use in seawater The Cera and CTD Divers are made of zirconia a ceramic material This material does not corrode in seawater and these Divers can therefore be used in seawater SWS explicitly selected a non metal for the Diver types required for use under more aggressive environments such as seawater Any metal will eventually corrode in an environment that is too aggressive or due to the lack of oxygen The zirconia used by SWS Cera Diver and CTD Diver is extremely resistant to corrosion The ceramic Alumina pressure sensors Page 33 exhibit the same properties The Viton O rings have been selected for their favourable properties in this environ
19. etres below sea level to 5 000 metres above sea level It is however recommended that all Divers and the Baro Diver forming part of the same network be used at the same elevation whenever possible The relationship between atmospheric pressure variations and elevation is exponential rather than linear Pu Po e Meg H RT where Pu atmospheric pressure at elevation height H Po atmospheric pressure at reference height M 28 8 10 kg mol molecular mass of air g 9 81 m s standard gravity H height in metres 8 314 J mol K gas constant T temperature in Kelvin If the Baro Diver is placed at a different elevation in relation to the other Divers in a measurement network it is possible for a deviation to occur in the barometrically compensated data due to the relationships referred to above The graph below illustrates the deviation in the barometric data as a function of the variation in elevation at 5 C and 25 C 35 30 25 20 15 afwijking 95 10 I 155 0 1000 000 3000 hoogteverschil m lt lt lt lt Translation of Diagram gt gt gt gt Deviation and Variation in Height m Page 35 To determine the relative barometric pressure deviation relative to Po at 5 C T 278 15 K at a height differential of H the above referenced formula can be used Pu Po Po 1 e we x 100 By substituting the data a relative deviation of 1 296 at a height dif
20. ferential of 100 m is obtained At a height differential of 1 000 m this increases to 11 596 We therefore recommend that all Divers and the Baro Divers in a network be placed such that the mutual height differentials are minimised If necessary multiple Baro Divers can be deployed to avoid the abovementioned problems Page 36 Index Atmospheric pressure 5 Calibration procedure DIVET EN 13 Cleaning DIVE isca aaa 26 Compensation Atmospheric pressure 5 Effects of temperature 8 Conductivity eee eeee 27 Construction DIVE el tesa ditat 13 DIVET sorn 22 ElevatlOD meninas bud 35 Helgbit ot ven eeste re ted ate 26 Height of water column 5 Installation Baro Diver nnen 26 DIVE EEE 22 Logger Data Manager 11 Maintenance GTDEDIVEN scusa o tend 20 DIVE cS 26 NA iter D LR 5 Pressure sensor 5 Range pressure Diver 18 temperature Diver 17 Reading out measurement ValtlBS uet urbe ei oue a ese Does 11 Readouts nne 11 SedWatel nennen 26 Semi saline water 26 SOTPtW ale unt EO poU 11 Technical specifications BU are ennn 14 15 Temperature 8 Use of Divers at elevations 26 35 Water level viis 5 Water level measurements 5 and atmospheric pressure 5 and effects of temperature 8 Water quality 2 Page 37
21. ge 2 Table of Contents Introduction About this manual Operating principle Measuring water levels Measuring temperature Diver types Software Diver Office Diver Pocket Technical Information General Calibration Procedure Manufacturer s Certificate Specifications Baro Diver Mini Diver Micro Diver and Cera Diver General Pressure Accuracy of pressure measurements Maximum pressure variations Nominal pressure variations Diver Installation and Maintenance Introduction Installation in a monitoring well Installation in Surface Waters The use of Divers at elevations Baro Diver Use in seawater Diver maintenance CTD Diver Measuring conductivity Example Calibration of the CTD Diver Field calibration Important FAQ Appendix Use of Divers at elevations Index N i OO OOR A 11 12 13 13 13 14 14 15 17 18 21 21 21 22 22 22 25 26 26 26 26 2 27 2 28 29 30 31 35 3 Page 3 Introduction About this manual This manual contains information about Schlumberger Water Services SWS s Divers It contains a description of the Mini Diver 11 11 01 xx Micro Diver 11 11 02xx Cera Diver 11 11 03 xx Baro Diver 11 11 55 01 and the CTD Diver 11 11 59 xx The number in brackets designates the Diver model This section contains a brief introduction to the Diver s measurement principles an instrument designed to measure groundwater levels and temper
22. ing Emissions Immunity Certificate number CTD Diver Diameter Length Weight Material casing Protection class Memory capacity Sampling rate Sampling options Fixed interval Event based Pump test to be configured by user Resources Conductivity measurement range accuracy Battery life Theoretical capacity CE marking Emissions Immunity 06C00301CRTO1 Cp p Qu Better than 5 minutes per year within the calibrated temperature range EMC in accordance with the 89 336 EEC directive Basic EN 61000 4 2 standard EN 55022 1998 A1 2000 A2 2003 Class B EN 55024 1998 A1 2000 A2 2003 O6COOSOOCRTO1 0O6COO0299CRTO1 022 mm 135 mm incl suspension eye Approx 100 grams Zirconia ZrO IP68 10 years continuously submerged in water Q 100 m 48 000 measurements 1 sec to 99 hours yes yes yes yes 10 uS cm 120 mS cm 196 reading with a minimum of 10 uS cm 2 million measurements 500 x memory readouts 500 x programming EMC in accordance with the 89 336 EEC directive Basic EN 61000 4 2 standard EN 55022 1998 A1 2000 A2 2003 Class B EN 55024 1998 A1 2000 A2 2003 Page 16 The other parameters are identical to the Cera Diver The Diver is always active The leakage current of the integrated battery is dependent on the temperature If the Diver is used stored or transported for extended periods of time und
23. levations Divers can be used at any elevation ranging from 300 metres below sea level to 5 000 metres above sea level Appendix contains further information on the use of Divers at elevations Baro Diver The Baro Diver must be installed in such a way that it only measures atmospheric pressure under all conditions A location that is not subject to rapid temperature variations is preferred Use in seawater Do not use a Mini Diver or Micro Diver in seawater The Mini Diver and Micro Diver are made of 316L stainless steel This material is not suited for semi saline and or seawater because it is subject to corrosion split corrosion Corrosion is not only caused by the salt content but by temperature and the remaining water components as well We recommend that you choose the Cera Diver and or CTD Diver for use in semi saline water and or seawater These Divers are made of ceramic materials that are able to withstand semi saline water and or seawater Diver maintenance In principle the Diver does not require any maintenance When required the casing can be cleaned with a soft cloth Calcium and other deposits can be removed with white vinegar The flow through opening can also be rinsed with water and or white vinegar Note only use diluted acid solutions if the Diver is seriously dirtied and other cleansers are not effective Never use any hard brushes abrasives or sharp objects for cleaning the Diver and alway
24. ment OQ How do I clean the Diver when it is very dirty A If your Diver is very dirty it can easily be cleaned with white distilled vinegar A diluted phosphoric acid solution may also be used for ceramic Diver types Place the Diver in the solution for some time Always thoroughly rinse the Diver with clean water after cleaning especially near the flow through openings If necessary use a soft cloth to remove any deposits Never use any hard brushes abrasives or sharp objects to clean your Diver Q Must the Diver be calibrated A No this is not necessary Schlumberger Water Services calibrates the Divers before they are delivered A factory calibration certificate can be supplied as part of the production process The Divers can only be calibrated by Schlumberger Water Services In case of doubt the user can perform a control measurement locally B In terms of the CTD Diver a field calibration can be carried out for the C channel See the user manual for the software used on the Pocket PC e g Diver Office for more information A general warning A conductivity calibration is a delicate matter How the CTD Diver is cleaned prior to the calibration temperature related matters and how the calibration liquid is handled are all very important It is definitely not the intent that these be carried out in the field Page 34 Appendix I Use of Divers at elevations Divers can be used at any elevation ranging from 300 m
25. n Page 30 FAQ This section contains an overview of questions frequently received from our customers and our answers to them If you do not find the answer you are looking for in this FAQ please contact Schlumberger Water Services OQ How do install my Diver A Most Divers are installed underwater in a monitoring well The depth at which you can suspend a Diver depends on the instrument s measurement range Determine the lowest possible water level measured from the top of the casing or another t reference point prior to the installation If the Diver is at least ha suspended at this depth it is ar then certain that the Diver always measures the water level B The Diver can be suspended from a Diver Data Cable DDC or from a non stretch steel cable by means of a suspension eye Attach the Diver to the monitoring well cover and the suspension eye with two cable clips Q How do I connect a Diver to my computer A The way in which a Diver is connected to a computer depends on the way in which the Diver is installed in the monitoring well e A Diver hanging in the monitoring well suspended from a steel cable must first be removed from the monitoring well before it can be read out The Diver is read out with the help of a PC Pocket PC or a readout unit 1 Connect the readout unit to your Pocket PC or computer PC via the USB port The required drivers are supplied These are automatically install
26. rent calibration liquids The specified value of the calibration liquid is the conductivity of the liquid at 25 C 15 O geleidbaarheid mS cm 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 temperatuur C lt lt lt lt Translation of Diagram gt gt gt gt Conductivity mS cm and Temperature C Page 27 As a rule of thumb it can be assumed that conductivity varies by 296 for each 1 C change in temperature This means that a calibration liquid rated at 5 mS cm at 25 C still only has a conductivity of approximately 4 mS cm at 15 C By way of example the table below displays a number of typical conductivity values for various types of water Type Conductivity mS cm Tap water 0 2 0 7 Groundwater 2 20 Seawater 5O 80 Calibration of the CTD Diver The CTD Diver is calibrated at the factory This calibration procedure consists of three parts 1 The registration of all product properties at various pressures and temperatures A data set is produced from the collected data This set of parameters is programmed into the CTD Diver The collection of product specific properties at certain pressures and temperatures Identical to the calibration of the other Divers 2 Based on this set of parameters the CTD Diver is capable of taking measurements within its specified tolerances All Divers are tested to verify that they meet these requirements the calibration 3 The verification of the C ch
27. ressure 10 mH20 I 0 2 FS 0 05 FS 0 2 FS 0 2 cmH20 15 mH20 11 11 59 03 100 mH20 0 296 FS 0 05 FS 0 2 FS 2 cmH20 150 mH20 11 11 59 02 5O mH20 0 296 FS 0 05 FS 0 2 FS 1 cmH20 75 mH20 Page 20 Baro Diver BARO ND Range Max accuracy Typ accuracy Long term stability Resolution Maximum pressure Temperature 11 11 55 01 150 cmH20 2 b cmH20 0 5 cmH20 3 cmH20 0 1 cmH20 15 mH20 10 to 50 C Accuracy of pressure measurements All accuracy ranges specified above represent the maximum variations permitted by the manufacturing process Maximum pressure variations 100 of the Divers operate within the values specified above Nominal pressure variations More than 80 of all Divers produced perform within 0 1 FS of the measurement range level pressure Page 21 Diver Installation and Maintenance Introduction In actual practice the Diver is usually suspended in a monitoring well The illustration to the right depicts a set of Divers and a Baro Diver for compensating for barometric pressure In addition to the regular Divers a Baro Diver that acts as a barometer and records atmospheric pressure is installed at each measurement site Atmospheric pressure data must be used to compensate the pressure measurements recorded by the Divers for variations in atmospheric pressure A Baro Diver designed for taking
28. rs can be used from 300 m below sea level to 5 000 m above sea level Q Do you always need two Divers for measuring a single monitoring well A No but at least one Baro Diver to monitor barometric pressure must be included in each network For example 20 Divers and one Baro Diver would have to be installed for a network with 20 monitoring wells We recommend installing one surplus Baro Diver as a backup for larger networks This is dependent on geographical conditions Q What is the radius from the Divers within which the Baro Diver should be placed to ensure proper compensation for atmospheric pressure A The rule of thumb on open terrain at approximately the same level above NAP is one Baro Diver within a maximum radius of 15 km Page 32 Q What s the formula for converting the results of the Divers Baro Diver measurements from cmH20 e g 1 020 74 cmH20 to atmospheric pressure mbar A The Divers Baro Diver measure in cm water column cmH20 To convert the measured cm water column to atmospheric pressure it must be multiplied by 0 980665 In this example 1 020 74 x 0 980665 1 001 mbar Q What is the Diver s battery s lifespan A The battery s lifespan is dependent on the measurement frequencies readout and programming cycles and the type of Diver e The battery in the Mini Micro Cera and Baro Diver has the capacity to perform b million measurements 2 000 readout cycles 2 000 programming cycl
29. s rinse it properly with clean water after cleaning particularly near the flow through openings Do not use any powerful jets This could damage the pressure sensor Page 26 CTD Diver Measuring conductivity In addition to water levels and temperature the CTD Diver also measures the water s electrical conductivity in milliSiemens per centimetre mS cm A change in conductivity may be an indication of flow alterations or increasing decreasing pollution or salinisation for example The CTD Diver measures the conductivity of the liquid Based on the measured conductivity and temperature the CTD Diver can calculate the specific conductance at 25 C The device provides the option of recording the conductivity or the specific conductance his Diver setting must be set prior to its start up The value of the selected setting is stored logged Conductivity is measured using a 4 electrode measuring cell This type of measuring cell is relatively insensitive to dirtied sensors thus keeping maintenance to a minimum The measuring cell combined with the selected measurement option results in an electrolysis free measurement system Example The conductivity of a liquid depends on the type of ions in the liquid and to a significant degree on the liquid s temperature This dependency is indicated on the packaging of the calibration liquids for example The diagram below displays the conductivity as a function of temperature for three diffe
30. ter level BKPB ToC Top of Casing Verticaal referentievlak Vertical Reference Datum VRD The water column WC above the Diver can be expressed as WK 9606 65 P S 1 WC 9806 65 where p is the pressure in cmH2O g is the acceleration due to gravity 9 81 m s and is the density of the water 1 000 kg m The water level WL in relation to the vertical reference datum can be calculated as follows 2 WL ToC CL WC By substituting WC from equation 1 in equation 2 we obtain WN BKPB KL 9006 cm Page 6 WL ToC CL 9806 65 If the cable length is not exactly known it can be determined using a manual measurement From the figure below it is clear that the manual measurement MM is taken from the top of casing to the water level The value of the water level is positive unless in exceptional circumstances the water level is situated above the top of casing The cable length can now be calculated as follows CL MM WC where the water column WC is calculated on the basis of the measurements taken by the Diver and the Baro Diver L Figure 3 Comments e f the pressure measured by the Diver and the Baro Diver is measured at different points in time it is necessary to interpolate The software automatically performs this interpolation e t is possible to enter manual measurements into the software The software subsequently automatically calculates the cable leng
31. th Example The top of casing is measured to be 150 cm above the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum Normaal Amsterdams Peil NAP ToC 150 cm The cable length is not exactly known and is therefore measured manually It turns out to be 120 cm MM 120 cm The Diver measures a pressure of 1 170 cmH20 and the Baro Diver measures a pressure of 1 030 cmH20 Substituting these values into equation 1 results in a water column of 140 cm above the Diver WC 140 cm Page 7 4 Substituting the values of the manual measurement and the water column in equation 4 results in the following cable length CL 120 140 260 cm The water level in relation to the NAP can now be easily calculated using equation 2 WL 150 260 140 30 cm above NAP Measuring temperature All Divers measure the groundwater temperature This can for example provide information about groundwater flows This also makes it possible to determine the diffusion of polluted water The temperature is measured using a semiconductor sensor This sensor not only measures the temperature but also uses the value of the temperature to at the same time compensate the pressure sensor and electronics incl the crystal clock for the effects of temperature Page 8 Diver types Various types of Divers are available All Divers measure the absolute pressure and temperature Absolute pressure is defined as the pressure of the water column above the Diver plus the
32. ver is installed for each site being measured The barometric compensation for these variations in atmospheric pressure is subsequently effected using SWS Diver Office software package The compensated values can be related to a reference point such as the top of the monitoring well or a vertical reference datum for example the Amsterdam Ordnance Datum Normaal Amsterdams Peil NAP Theory This section explains how to calculate the water level in relation to a vertical reference datum using the Diver and Baro Diver s measurements The figure below represents a typical example of a monitoring well in which a Diver has been installed In this case we are therefore interested in the height of the water level WL in relation to the vertical reference datum If the water level is situated above the reference datum it has a positive value and a negative value if it is situated below the reference datum The top of casing ToC is measured in relation to the vertical reference datum and is denoted in the diagram below as ToC cm The Diver is suspended with a cable with a length equal to CL cm The Baro Diver measures the atmospheric pressure pbaro and the Diver measures the pressure exerted by the water column WC and the atmospheric pressure poiven Page 5 ly BKPB verticaal referentie vlak F igure 2 lt lt lt lt Translation of Diagram gt gt gt KL CL cable length WK WC water column WN WL wa
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search