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User Manual for the HH2

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2. 8 key 14 LIN File Format 76 2 25 pin D Socket Kit 99 25 pin to 9 pin RS232 Converter 98 25 way D connector 84 25 way D Connector 81 9 9 pin RS232 Connector 98 A al amp al 74 about a0 amp a1 75 Access tube 6 Accessories 98 Available Water Capacity 104 110 Averaging 8 14 B battery 6 78 Battery 63 78 Changing 78 Battery Change 94 Battery Low 93 Cc C HH2 6 C HH2 DIN 6 Clock 64 Cold Boot 86 COMI 61 Com1 and Com2 64 Connectors 5 Copyright 2 CSV 70 D D Socket Kit 6 Data File Layout 70 Dataset Import Wizard 68 upgrading 70 91 date 64 Day Month Year Order 65 Description 5 DIN to 25 pin RS232 Converter 98 Display is Blank 87 DSK1 6 99 E Equitensiometers 51 erase readings 59 error 0x80041004 90 Error code 7 87 Error Messages 92 F Failed Please erase data 93 Failed memory Full 93 Field Capacity 22 32 108 Field Water Capacity 103 Field Water Capacity Values 106 H HH2 6 HH2BAT 6 HH2Read 60 HHRS2 6 Identifying Soil 107 Incorrect Readings 88 Installation 60 lons 45 Index 115 L Linearisation Table 77 Linearisation Table Corruption 93 Linearisation Tables Format 76 Live Sensor 93 Ls2Win 70 91 Maintenance 81 memory 58 Memory 83 Memory Failure 94 Meter will not respond 89 Meter will not sleep 89 ML1 or ML2 19 ML2 17 mm Deficit 90 N Negative read
3. Support for special horticultural soils may be purchased To install these you need to return your HH2 to Delta T Please contact us first for shipping instructions Options Standard soil calibrations Mineral Organic Clay Sand Custom soil calibration Custom 1 Custom 2 Custom 3 Custom 4 Custom 5 WET ST1 table Coir Peat based Mineral wool v Mineral wool h Glass wool h Min g h soil Pot soils See WET User Manual WET GS1 table Stonewool h amp Stonewool v See WET User Manual Select Options Soil Type Select a soil and press Set Soil Set Up b0 and b1 These can only be changed for Custom Soils installed by the user Refer to your WET User manual for the significance of these settings Options bO 1 0 2 0 Default 1 0 b1 1 0 8 5 Default 7 0 Select Options Soil Set Up b0 Select a soil and press Set Parameter The soil parameter represents the soil permittivity for which the bulk conductivity is zero It is non zero because dry soils are polarisable Refer to your WET User manual for more information Options 1 0 4 0 Default 4 1 Select Options Soil Set Up Parameter Select a value and press Set Field Capacity A value for the Field Capacity must be set if you want to display soil moisture deficit See also Water Deficit Explained on page 103 Field Water Capacity Values on page 106 Options 0 1 Default 0 38 m m Select Options Soil Set Up Capacity Select a value
4. To accept your computer system clock date and time click on OK This resets the Moisture Meter clock to the same date and time To choose a different date or time clear the Set to System check box to disable it The date and time selection boxes will now appear bold in black and white as follows N 03 April 2000 is 09 33 17 Cancel To change the date and time use your mouse and or the left right up and down keys and the tab key To change the date you can click on the date select symbol 03 April 2000 This displays the calendar 64 PC Software HH2Read Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Ez April 2000 gt Mon Tue Wed Thu FW 2f 28 29 30 3l mem 5 6 F 89 w ai 42 13 14 15 16 1718 19 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Today 03 04 00 The date selection calendar Select the desired date using your mouse and also or alternatively use the left right up and down keys Either click on a date with the mouse or highlight it with the arrow keys and press return To change the time use the mouse or tab and left or right arrow keys to select a particular field i e months and the up and down keys to change it This method can also be used for the date Click on OK on the Date Time dialog to send your chosen date and time to the Moisture Meter The updated date and time will appear at the bottom of the HH2Read window Note on Day Month Year Order The
5. 1 VWC 1 R dn where R Rooting depth If the rooting depth is greater than the depth of the deepest sensor D FWC VWC R dn Sensor Depth Water Deficit Explained 105 Field Water Capacity Values Field Water Capacity values are given for several soil types These values can be entered in the Field Capacity option of the Data menu This is needed if you want the meter to display mm deficit You will also need to enter a value for Root Depth Standard Soil Types The following are tables of Field Water Capacity values for standard soil types WARNING USE EXPERIMENTALLY DETERMINED FIELD CAPACITY VALUES WHEREVER POSSIBLE see Calculating Field Capacity Defined at a tensiometer reading of 0 05bar 0 15 bar Commonly used in UK amp Europe USA CLAY 42 2 ILTY CLAY 39 0 ILTY CLAY LOAM 36 0 40 35 9 34 0 34 2 31 0 29 9 ILT LOAM 31 0 23 2 OAMY SAND 17 0 Table by courtesy of Justin Smith of Turftrax Group Ltd KDA nD HOA HD gt gt gt ir Z 4 2 2Z gt o 9 0 lt x xixe criSlolo O rilCcl S gt gt ele 2o S 8 2 Enter the Field Capacity of the soil closest to your soil Note These are average values Individual soils will vary dependent on particle size organic matter and compaction If you do not know what soil type to use see Identifying Soil Types page 107 or better still determine the Field Capaci
6. Accessories Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Water Deficit Explained Saturation is the moisture content at which all the air within the pores has been replaced by water It s not a stable situation because the water will immediately start to drain through It s a property of soil type only Field Water Capacity or Field Capacity is the moisture content obtained when a saturated soil has been allowed to drain sometimes taken as 2 days later sometimes when drainage has become negligible Its a property of soil type only and typically varies between 0 1 for sandy soils up to about 0 45m m for clay soils IOO e tee aA a a aS ate all water no soil Through drainage Saturation Water Ree T EE E Sen AAE Field Capacity Proportional to Deficit plant water use Wilting point irrigation plant stressed oven dry 0 gt Time gt Wilting Point WP is the moisture content at which a particular crop is unable to extract any more water Conventionally this is taken to correspond to a matric potential of 1500kPa but it s really much more variable than that suggests It s a property of soil type and crop type and can vary between about 0 04 for sandy soils to 0 22 for clay soils Data for organic soils is not available Dry is zero moisture content Water Deficit Explained 103 Available Water Capacity is the difference between Field Capacity and Wilting Poi
7. Connect the PC to your Moisture Meter as explained on page 61 Run HH2Read and select its Retrieve command as described on page 65 The end result is your data is saved to file in a comma separated CSV format as shown on page 70 Then What Having got your readings safely stored on your PC what do you do with the results The CSV files can be Opened in Microsoft Excel for analysis and graphing A Dataset Import Wizard is provided with HH2 Read to help you Import data files into Excel in a much more controlled and organised way For more on the Dataset Import Wizard see page 68 Further manipulation of the data into irrigation management graphs or reports is beyond the scope of this manual Some users send their data to a commercial irrigation management firm for interpretation or they use a commercial irrigation database management package such as Probe for Windows see http www rsne com au prwin pr1 htm Contact Delta T for the latest information on compatible irrigation management and graphing solutions WET Sensor 49 50 WET Sensor Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Equitensiometers Contents About Equitensiometers Navigation Map Options EQ2 Options Summary Reading the Equitensiometer About Equitensiometers Equitensiometer type EQ2 measures the negative pressure or suction required to extract water from between the matrix of soil particles This is an important indication of plant water stress See also t
8. Wizard expects a file format that is exactly as retrieved from the HH2 and is unable to interpret the Excel version 90 Technical Reference Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Note for Ls2Win users upgrading Dataset Import Wizard If you are an Ls2Win user you will already have an installation of Dataset Import Wizard version 1 0 To upgrade to version 1 4 run HH2Read Setup in the normal way then proceed as follows 1 Start Excel and select Tools Add ins In the Add ins dialog un check Dataset Import Wizard and click OK Excel reports that Dataset Import Wizard has been removed 2 Start Windows Explorer and locate the file DtlmpWiz xll in the Ls2Win installation directory Rename this file as DtlmpWiz xl 3 In Excel again select Tools Add ins In the Add ins dialog check Dataset Import Wizard and click OK Excel reports that it is unable to find DtImpWiz xll do you want to remove it from the list Click Yes 4 Click the Dataset Import Wizard desktop icon to install the new version Note that you may now have two copies of the icon so make sure that you select the new one You might also want to delete the old one Alternatively in the Add ins dialog click Browse and select the new version of DtlmpWiz xIl you will find it in Program Files Common Files Delta T 5 Finally in Windows Explorer again locate the renamed file DtlmpWiz xI and restore its original name DtlmpWiz xIl You may also need to remove the ea
9. material is measured directly by the ThetaProbe and this can be converted into the matric potential of the surrounding soil using the calibration curve supplied with each Equitensiometer The HH2 Moisture Meter only reads Equitensiometers in raw mV Each Equitensiometer linearisation table is unique These are not stored in the HH2 in order to save memory Bulk Electrical Conductivity A measure of how well electric charge can be conducted through the bulk of the material including all the solid and water pores Pore Electrical Conductivity A measure of how well electric charge can be conducted through the water pores It is of interest as a means of measuring the concentration of ions present in the pore water Equitensiometer type EQ1 Soil matric potential sensor with one differential analogue output Equitensiometer type EQ2 Soil matric potential sensor with one differential analogue output Specific errors detected by the meter are given labels When displayed by the PC software HH2Read a text description of the error is also shown Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Engineering Units These are the units of measurement of the reading shown Field Capacity ML1 ML2 Permittivity PR1 PR2 Plot ID Refill Point Rooting Depth on the display of the HH2 The units available depend on the sensing device Options mV percentage of soil water by volume Vol cubic metres of water per cubic meter of soil m3 m 3 and m
10. or they use a commercial irrigation database management package such as Probe for Windows see http www rsne com au prwin pr1 htm Contact Delta T for the latest information on compatible irrigation management and graphing solutions 26 SM200 and ThetaProbes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Profile Probes Contents About Profile Probes Menu Navigation Map Quick Start Options Reading the Profile Probe About Profile Probes Profile Probe types measure the volumetric soil moisture content at 4 or 6 locations in the soil profile simultaneously Soil moisture deficit can be displayed on the HH2 if the Field Capacity and Root Depth are known Up to 1800 sets of readings can be stored from a Profile Probe The actual number depends on which options you choose Each sensor in the Profile Probe can be in a different soil horizon Profile Probes 27 WAKE PR2 Store Select the item 47 5 vol_ 100mm Wake or Sleep or Escape to the previous higher menu Previous current Average Data Device Scroll or Soil Type Soil Set Up Display change value Date and Time Status Remote Date and Time Set Date Set Time son setup satus Plot ID All Sensors Organic Resources Sample Versions e ai Fela Capes Display m3 m 3 vol mm deficit mV mm deficit m3 m 3 mm
11. ss Si b zoroa e o aa oraa C asoazorrora o o aa fonaa C aeioarz001 170244 oe af aa enaa aaora a 4 ara r m e e e e E a Se a A a Roopen O o T SC Sensoren T sis O b _ aoao roel a A o C asoazorrosa ele 2 so __ T asoazorrosa de A so __ EEO ajo 4 0 _ Typical ThetaProbe data file continued from previous page After storing 4 readings the user changed the units A new complete copy of the meter settings is stored and appears at this point in the file 72 CSV DatTaT File Layout Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Layout of Profile Probe Readings Note these readings are preceded by the Linearisation tables as in Data File Part 1 above pao pe T 1 11 11 11717 177 11 Ravns m Sensor oen _ wool col cool aval ooo tooo _ sw ET oom Organic Organic forene forene orarie _ oaea ta of tal Sen ona ond arma oa ona _ oosa Ae aol otal anal anal pana anal ana ona _ ooreo af roo staf ara anal ana ana on fend _ C aons ajo oa anal paral en e ana onq _ Above typical layout if you open the CSV data file in Microsoft Excel File Open command These readings are preceded by the Linearisation tables as in Data File Part 1 above Below typical layout if you import the CSV data file using the Dataset Import Wizard File Import Datasets command Note the changes in how the variou
12. IEEE floating point value Overflow W Arithmetic overflow Underflow U Arithmetic underflow No table T Table or calibration is missing 92 Technical Reference Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Battery Low Battery voltage is dangerously low below 5 4 Volts Disconnect any sensor immediately and replace the battery See Changing the Battery on page 78 The battery voltage is too low to operate The unit will attempt to go to sleep immediately after being woken up and cannot be operated until the battery has been changed This is to preserve any configurations and readings stored in memory as taking further readings or operating the units CPU may cause the unit to lose or corrupt any stored readings The battery is only measured when the unit is woken so to properly check your battery status allow the HH2 to sleep first then press ESC to wake it Error code 7 See Error code 7 on HH2Read on page 87 Failed memory Full Failed to store readings because memory is full Failed Please erase data Failed to store readings because an error that disables the storage of reading has occurred Linearisation Table Corruption A corrupt linearization table was detected No subsequent readings can be stored Readings can still be taken using the default linearisation tables but further readings cannot be stored until all readings in memory have been erased See also Readings can t be stored on page 89 Live Sensor Connected Th
13. Number of Data Points n gt The next line contains the number of values in the linearisation table This must be a 2 digit integer zero padded to indicate the number of data point pairs in the table It can have the value 02 to 20 lt mV Value n gt lt Converted Value n gt The remaining lines contain pairs of linearisation table values There can be between 2 and 20 pairs of data points A comma separates the two values If there are less than 20 data point pairs then the remaining rows should be padded with zeros as shown in the example below lt mV Value n gt This represents the mV output signal from the sensor The mV value is an integer value between 0 and 2000 The values are zero padded to ensure that they are always of the form nnnn e g 0013 lt Converted Value n gt This represents the square root of the soil permittivity The converted value must be a number between 0 and 999 999 to three decimal places 76 Linearisation Tables Format Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 The values are zero padded to ensure that they are always of the form nnn nnn e g 001 123 See your sensor user manual for information about the mV output signal and the soil permittivity The mV values must always increase from the lowest mV value first in the list to the highest last in the list The converted values must only increase or decrease but not both A decimal point not a comma numbers used for the Converted Values Example Line
14. Options and Readings Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Using the Options Menu Select your Device option first the other options depend on which device has been selected Note before you can select a WET sensor device you must install the WET sensor calibration file using HH2Read see Install WET Sensor Calibration on page 41 You may specify any Plot ID A Z Device ID 0 255 and Sample ID 1 2000 for any reading These are just labels You may choose which engineering units to display result For soil moisture you must select a soil type unless you only want mV readings Equitensiometers readings are only available in mV The default soil type is Mineral Advanced users able to calibrate their own soils may install their own soil specific calibration coefficients called a0 amp a1 under Soil Set Up b0 amp b1 for WET sensors Other users should use the Mineral and Organic soils already defined in the Moisture Meter WET users have a choice of standard soil types and if purchased pre installed in the HH2 custom calibrations for specific commercial artificial soils such as stone wool If you want mm deficit you MUST define the Field Capacity and Root Depth for each soil type We provide a table in the back of this manual for mineral soils Organic soils are so variable you have to determine the field capacity experimentally before it makes any sense to take mm Deficit readings The default for Field Capacit
15. SM200 ML1 or ML2 using the up and down keys and press Set to select one Device gt ML2 Press Esc to return to the start up screen and press Read Your chosen device should now appear and re appear when the Moisture Meter re awakes after sleeping Use ML2 for ThetaProbe type ML2x also SM200 and ThetaProbes 19 Data Select Options Data to see this menu Plot ID You can label each reading with a Plot ID Options A to Z Default A Select Options Data Plot ID Scroll through the options and press Set to select one Press Esc to return to the main menu Sample A sample number is automatically assigned to each reading It automatically increments by one each time you store a reading Options 1 to 2000 Default 1 Select Options Data Sample Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Device ID You may label readings with a Device ID Options 0 to 255 Default 0 Select Options Data Device ID Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Root Depth This is needed if you want soil moisture deficit mmDef under Options Display Options 0 9950 mm Default 0 Select Options Data Root Depth Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu WARNING Do not use the default settings to take mm Deficit readings The default Root Depth set to zero forces the calculated value for mm Deficit to be zero Sensor Depth Readin
16. WET sensors have digital outputs Unique calibrations tables are provided on disk for each individual sensor with file names ending in Cal Only one digital sensor can be installed at any one time On one field trip you can read many SM200 ML1 ML2 PR1 amp PR2 probes but you can only read one WET Install Linearisation Table Options SM200 ML1 ML2 PR1 PR2 PR Special Linearisation tables for all these devices are permanently installed in the HH2 microprocessor These are not lost in the event of battery failure Only install new tables to the HH2 if you wish to replace the default tables by your own custom tables e g for unusual soils 1 Connect your HH2 to your PC as described on page 61 2 Select a device e g Install Linearisation Table PR2 to display a Windows Open dialog 3 Select the required table e g PR2 Lin The table will be parsed for correctness and if acceptable installed Once installed the Meter will be able to display readings for that device once selected e g using Options Device PR2 Note Tables must conform strictly to the format described below under Linearisation Tables Copies of the default factory set linearisation tables are supplied as separate files on the HH2Read software disk as follows SM200 LIN ML1 LIN ML2 LIN PR1 LIN PR2 LIN PR SPECIAL LIN See also Linearisation Tables Format on page 74 Note The file PR SPECIAL LIN is just a copy of the PR1 table In th
17. a0 amp a1 Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 These soil parameters are a convenient and efficient way of describing the calibration curves for different soil types without the overhead of a unique linearisation table for every different soil It is also a lot easier experimentally to derive an a0 and a1 for your soil than to measure the complete calibration table For optimum accuracy you should obtain these parameters a0 and a1 experimentally for your soil as described in your sensor user manual Then enter these via the Soil Set Up menu in the HH2 Using Default values of a0 amp a1 Alternatively you can choose the Mineral or Organic option in the Soil Types sub menu You may lose some absolute accuracy up to 4 volumetric water content but it is easier Mineral and Organic soil coefficients are permanently installed in the HH2 as follows a0 ai Mineral soils 1 6 8 4 Organic soils 1 3 T T These values are derived from the paper by Roth et al 1992 see below The other references below trace the validation of the method References 1 Topp G C Davis J L and Annan A P 1980 Electromagnetic determination of soil water Water Resour Res 16 3 574 582 2 Roth C H Malicki M A and Plagge R 1992 Empirical evaluation of the relationship between soil dielectric constant and volumetric water content as the basis for calibrating soil moisture measurements Journal of Soil Sci 43 1 13 3 Wh
18. and press Set WET Sensor 43 Units Conductivity and water content readings can be displayed in a range of units Conductivity Options mS m mS cm uS cm Select Options Units Conductivity Scroll to your option and press Set Water Content Options m m vol Select Options Units Water Content Scroll to your option and press Set Display Use this menu to select the different physical quantities which are to be recorded each time you press read Options WET meaning Water content pore Electrical conductivity and Temperature or WET ECs b meaning Water content pore Electrical conductivity and Temperature plus bulk electrical conductivity and bulk permittivity or WET mmDef meaning Water content pore Electrical conductivity and Temperature plus soil moisture deficit 44 WET Sensor Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Compensation Readings of electrical conductivity can be temperature compensated if required For some applications it is useful to know the true electrical conductivity at the measurement temperature In that case uncompensated readings are required and this is the default for the HH2 For most applications the electrical conductivity is a means of estimating the ionic content of the pore water and for these applications it is necessary to compare readings after they have been adjusted to a standard temperature Unfortunately this isn t straightforward because e 20 C and 25 C
19. are both used as standards e The temperature compensation percentage depends on the particular mixture of ions present in the pore water For example ion temperature sensitivity of EC Na 2 1 K 1 9 Ca 21 H 1 5 NH 1 9 Cl 1 9 NO 1 8 OH 1 5 P205 not known The values quoted are approximate for 25 C The choice of standard temperature and compensation will depend on what is commonly used for comparison purposes within your application Temperature Options None 25 C 20 C Default None Select Options Compensation Temperature Scroll and press Set to select one Press Esc to return to the main menu Percent Options 1 0 to 4 0 Default 2 0 Select Options Compensation Percent Scroll and press Set to select one Press Esc to return to the main menu WET Sensor 45 Date and Time See Setting the Clock on page 12 Status The Options Status menu displays the Resources and Versions sub menus Resources Mem shows of HH2 memory available for further readings Batt shows remaining battery life Readings shows number of readings in HH2 memory Version This shows the version number of the HH2 firmware i e the embedded control program and also of any installed sensor and soil tables Remote Select Options Remote to connect to the PC See also Connect PC to HH2 on page 61 46 WET Sensor Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 WET Options Summary Menu Actions Note
20. as rock wool It is unique in its ability to measure pore water conductivity which is the conductivity directly available to the plant indicating for instance the availability of nutrients in solution See also the WET user manual The standard HH2 include WET sensor soil parameters for organic mineral clay and sand Additional artificial soil substrates such as coir stonewool amp peat may be installed in the HH2 but this has to be done at Delta T WET Sensor 39 WAKE 5 Delta T Devices Moisture Meter SLEEP e Set Device ML1 SM200 ML2 EQ1 Plot ID Root Depth Soil Type Select the item Wake or Sleep or Escape to the previous higher menu Previous current Average Scroll or change value 7 Soil Set up Soil Type Resources Versions EQ2 Sensor Depth Resources Erase PR1 Special EC1 2 WET with WET ST1 with WET GS1 Mem 100 Batt 97 Readings 250 Custom 4 Custom 5 Custom 4 Custom 5 Stonewool v or coir peat based WET Calib n Min g h soil Conductivity Water Content Display WET WET ECb b WET ECb mmDef WET mmDef EA Note the availability of options depends on which sensor is selected WET options only available if WET sensor calibration is installed WET Sensor Navigation M
21. by sensing device Each has its own menu navigation tree and a table indicating the default settings available menu options and permitted ranges for settings Upload Data to PC From the main Options menu select Remote and press Set The rest of the work is done from your PC keyboard If not yet installed install HH2Read on your PC as described on page 60 Connect the PC to your Moisture Meter as explained on page 61 Run HH2Read and select its Retrieve command as described on page 65 The end result is that your data is saved to file in a comma separated CSV format as shown on page 70 See also Dataset Import Wizard on page 68 Note you can t store or upload averages to the PC Navigating Options and Readings 13 Averaging Averaging can provide a quick summary of your plot greenhouse or treatment It is useful for immediate feedback in the field particularly if you don t want to save data to your PC and analyse it later The HH2 provides a single cumulative average of selected readings The average cannot be uploaded to your PC Individual readings can be stored and averaged later in a spreadsheet on your PC Summary First take a reading press Read 2 You will be asked if you want to store the reading Averaging can be done with or without storing the reading Press either Store or Esc 3 Press the hash key once to display the previous cumulative average Initially No Average is displayed
22. day month year order and date format displayed in HH2Read reflects the regional settings for your computer system To change this open Regional Settings via the Start Menu Settings Control Panel Retrieve Menu and Button This command collects all stored readings from the Moisture Meter and saves them to file on your PC Prior to collecting the data the following Save As dialog appears If you accept the default and press Return it will save to a file called hh2read CSV in the same directory as your HH2Read program It may be better to save your data into a different directory with a more descriptive file name When finished a message appears indicating that the data was collected successfully Data is saved to file in a comma separated CSV format It can be viewed analysed and graphed by spreadsheet packages such as Microsoft Excel See also Dataset Import Wizard on page 68 The CSV dataset file also contains linearisation tables soil calibration tables and other Moisture Meter settings PC Software HH2Read 65 Tools Menu From this menu you can select Debug Install Menu Use this menu to install sensor tables There are two types Profile Probes and ThetaProbes have analogue outputs Linearisation tables with filenames ending in Lin are provided for the HH2 to convert the analogue mV output into readings Tables are permanently installed in the HH2 for use by all SM200 ML1 ML2 PR1 and PR2 probes
23. if the meter applies a voltage This voltage is taken from the meter s battery Check the battery voltage is above 5V Any less and the device may not be able to take a reading Note WET sensors need more than 6 V 88 Technical Reference Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Readings can t be stored This may occur because the HH2 has detected an error It will have reported it once and partially repaired it To clear the error condition cold boot the HH2 Cold booting will destroy any data that are already stored so you might want to try no guarantee of success if readings are corrupted to download any stored readings before proceeding See To Cold Boot the HH2 on page 86 Meter will not sleep If the meter is not sleeping then check that there is no RS232 communication from the PC and that there is not a fault from the attached device which may be constantly or intermittently applying power to the meter inputs Meter will not respond If the Moisture Meter appears to lock up and is not responding to key presses try disconnecting it if it is attached to a sensor or PC If this fails try resetting the Moisture Meter to its default values by cold booting it Doing this will lose all your readings and Options settings See To Cold Boot the HH2 on page 86 Error with Profile Probe When only mm Deficit is selected only the first Error field is used by the HH2 The others stay blank If an error occurs when reading any of
24. if you only display readings in mV Note Profile Probes Be aware that if any of the 4 or 6 sensors in your profile probe are outside limits such as an air reading none of the 4 or 6 sensor readings will be added to the cumulative average 9 Individual averages are provided for each sensor position in Profile Probes They are not an average of all the sensors Examples 1 To read store and average several readings press Read Store Read Store Read Store 2 To repeatedly read and average but not store readings press Read Esc Read Esc Read Esc Note the cumulative averaging works even if you did not store the reading 16 Navigating Options and Readings Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 SM200 and ThetaProbes Contents About SM200 and ThetaProbes Navigation Map Quick Start Options ThetaProbes Options Summary Reading the ThetaProbe About SM200 and ThetaProbes SM200 and ThetaProbes e g ML2x measure volumetric soil moisture content Oy by responding to changes in the apparent dielectric constant of moist soil These changes are converted into a dc voltage in mV which is then converted to soil moisture content in the HH2 using a linearisation table and soil type parameters Volumetric soil moisture content is the ratio between the volume of water present and the total volume of the sample This is a dimensionless parameter expressed either as a percentage vol
25. of data It is not an irrigation management program but if you are comfortable with Excel you can do quite a lot with it For instance you can customise Excel to create weekly graphs of water content vs depth some people use this to help find the Refill Point To install Dataset Import Wizard into Excel Set Macro security Before installing on PCs using XP 2003 or later ensure macro security is set to medium or lower as follows Start Excel and select Tools Options select Security Tab Macro Security and select medium or low then ok Medium displays warning and option to disable macro before it runs To install the Wizard into Excel Select Start menu Programs HH2Read Install Dataset Import Wizard Dataset Import Wizard should report that it has installed itself The Excel File menu should now contain an additional command Import Dataset s It will remain in the File menu available each time you start Excel To Import Data into Excel Before running the Wizard retrieve and save a dataset file to your PC see Upload Data to PC on page 13 Then go to Excel select File Import Dataset s to display the opening page of the Dataset Import Wizard select the Import Data from Dataset File s option Continued on next page 68 Dataset Import Wizard Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Note Dataset Import Wizard will not import Dataset Import Wizard step 1 of 8 data directly from the Welcome to Dataset Im
26. or a ratio m m If you tell the HH2 the Root Depth and Field Capacity for a given soil it can also display water deficit in mm see Water Deficit Explained on page 103 SM200 and ThetaProbes 17 Select the item Wake or Sleep or Escape to the previous higher menu Previous current Average Scroll or A y change value Date and Time Display Set Date m3 m 3 Set Time vol Resources Versions mm deficit mV mm deficit m3 m 3 Resources Mem 100 Batt 97 Readings 250 mm deficit vol m3 m 3 mV vol mV Version mm deficit mV Firmware ML1 Table ML2 Table Field Capacity PR1 Table WET Callin SM200 amp ThetaProbe Navigation Map 6 10 05 18 SM200 and ThetaProbes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Quick Start On first configuring the HH2 for use with a ThetaProbe Select Options Device SM200 ML2 or ML1 Select a soil type or the generic mineral soil calibration will be used Connect the device and press Read and Store to take and save a reading See also SM200 and ThetaProbe Options Summary on page 24 Display Units Options on page 22 Reading the ThetaProbe on page 25 Options Device Selects the device to be used for the next reading Press Set at the start up or readings screen to display the Options menu Scroll down to Device using the up and down 7 keys and press Set Scroll down to
27. patches up the error where possible for example restoring the default linearisation tables from ROM and resumes quasi normal operation This means that it is able to take readings and doesn t report the error any more Error code 7 on HH2Read This problem is common when the RS232 cable is pulled out of the HH2 half way through downloading readings or because the HH2 has detected an error condition with some of the readings Unfortunately if this has happened the readings can no longer be accessed and the only way to restore the HH2 will be to cold boot it Note readings will be lost See To Cold Boot the HH2 on page86 Display is Blank The meter will sleep when not used for more than 30 seconds This means the display will go blank First check that the meter is not sleeping by pressing the Esc key The display should become visible instantly If the display remains blank then try all the keys in case one key is faulty If you have a voltmeter then check the battery exceeds 5 Volts If it drops below this value then the performance of the meter can be intermittent If it is a long way below 5 Volts then the meter may not work at all Try replacing the battery If you are in bright light then the display may be obscured by the light shining on the display Try to move to a darker area or shade the display Technical Reference 87 Incorrect Readings being obtained Check the device is connected to the meter correctly
28. the two battery terminal together Solution Reinstall the WET sensor calibration file into to the HH2 See Install WET Sensor Calibration on page 41 WET sensor will not read certain substrates Your HH2 may need the WET substrate calibrations upgrade See Install WET Sensor Calibration on page 41 86 Technical Reference Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 HH2 displays Sys Error The most likely cause of Sys Error is corrupted calibration values or other configuration settings HH2 firmware PROM Versions earlier than 1 08 were vulnerable to corruption of calibration values if the battery was not connected cleanly Solution Cold Boot the HH2 See To Cold Boot the HH2 on page86 Upgrade your HH2 to v2 firmware as soon as possible Contact Delta T Readings Corrupt Store prompt missing On initial power up the HH2 reports a sequence of messages such as Readings Corrupt OR after taking a reading the HH2 fails to display the Store prompt and it is not possible to record readings To clear the error condition cold boot the HH2 but note that this will destroy any data that are already stored So try to download any stored readings before proceeding no guarantee of success if readings are corrupted See To Cold Boot the HH2 on page86 The HH2 displays the error condition only when it first detects the error normally on power up e g Readings Corrupt messages that occur when it fails to cold boot correctly It then
29. type WET Note The layout is modified if you import the CSV data file in Excel using the Dataset Import Wizard Some indication of the difference is shown under Layout of Profile Probe Readings below See also the on line document Dataset Import Wizard Notes for HH2 Users installed on your PC with HH2Read See also Note for Ls2Win users upgrading Dataset Import Wizard on page 91 70 CSV DatTaT File Layout Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Data File Part 1 Header Delta T De Versions Table gt gt M 1 0 E Pi ISM200_1 2 po Ready S Gas div SIRE HH2 Data Record PC Softwar eo Organic Mineral Soi2 Tsoi Placedholder for af ad oo o a PR Special table L 84 Field Capacity 0 38 0 38 0 38 0 38 Typical layout obtained after importing the CSV data file into Microsoft Excel Note Five sets of linearisation tables appear in the header even if you are only using one sensor In addition to tables for ML1 and ML2 three tables are supplied for Profile Probes PR Special is a placeholder for installing a possible additional table It contains a copy of the PR1 table See also Install Linearisation Table on page 66 CSV DatTaT File Layout 71 Data File Part 2 Meter Settings and Readings mo a a a A ee Device gt gt mit f f J ST T T RootDepth gt gt J J J I 7 Sensoren _
30. types to associate with the previously selected sensor s Options Organic Mineral Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 5 Default Mineral Two soil types are always available Mineral and Organic You may also define five more via Soil Set Up on the Options menu Having selected a sensor or all sensors under Options Soil Type now select a soil Example To set all sensors to Organic Select Options Soil Type All Sensors Organic This will set all sensors in the Profile Probe to use the default Organic soil parameters a0 and a1 Soil Set Up first menu Displays a choice of soil types for defining soil parameters Options Organic Mineral Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 5 Default Mineral Soil Set Up is used to define empirical soil parameters a0 amp a1 used to convert the measured bulk permittivity into moisture content readings Soil Set Up is also used to define field water capacity needed if you want moisture deficit readings Beginners can skip this section by choosing the Mineral or Organic under Options Soil Type and by not asking for mm Deficit in the Options Display menu See also About Soil Parameters a0 amp a1 on page 74 Profile Probes 31 Soil Set Up Sub menu Displays available soil parameters that may be defined a0 amp a1 These options are available for user defined soils only not Mineral or Organic Options a0 Range 49 9 to 50 0 Default 1 0 a1 Range 0 1 to 50 0 Default 7 0 Previously you should ha
31. will not be responsible for any damage caused by the use of the HH2 with non Delta T products Care and Maintenance 81 Technical Reference Specifications Soil moisture range Zero to saturation O to 1500 mV Measurement 0 13 of mV reading 1 0mV Accuracy Resolution 1mvV Memory Up to 5000 readings see table Maximum Number of Readings on page 83 Battery 9V Alkaline Cell PP3 Battery Life 6500 readings for SM200 or ThetaProbe typical 4500 readings for Profile Probe and Equitensiometers typical Sealing environment IP52 Protected from deposit of dust and water drops falling at an angle of 15 degrees from the vertical on the front face only Temperature range 0 40 C Mechanical Shock Should survive a 1m fall but there may be damage to the sealing of the unit which could cause leakage of water and subsequent failure EMC European Union EMC Directive 89 336 EEC See also Notices inside front cover amp page 85 Size Weight 150 x 80 x 40 mm 450g Display Panel 16 x 2 character LCD with 7 button keypad Connector 1 x male 25 pin D connector for RS232 link to PC and also for connecting sensors Complete with push on protective cap HH2Read PC software Data Collection software for Windows PC 95 XP on 3 5 disk Enables data collection saved to file in Comma Separated Format Dataset Import Wizard Simplifies importing data into Micros
32. withstand everyday knocks and scrapes However the case is not designed for heavy impact such as falling from a great height or being crushed by large objects The HH2 is poorly protected against water ingress If the meter is partially or wholly immersed in water or is used in heavy rain then the unit will fill with water If water gets inside the unit then there may be non repairable damage with the loss of all readings recorded The case may be cleaned with a damp cloth Do not use an abrasive material or chemical cleaner These may deform the finish of the case The Keys and LCD Display The keys and LCD display are designed to withstand occasional knocks and scrapes The keys are designed for routine use over many years and the display should provide a clear image for the same period The LCD has a plastic screen to prevent some damage but a direct hit from a sharp or heavy object may penetrate and damage the display Do not use an abrasive material or chemical cleaner to clean the display because they may damage the plastic protection making the screen difficult to read 25 way D Connector The 25 way D connector is a male connector into which a female connector is inserted The pins in the connector can be damaged if forced together with a damaged or dirty female D connector Use of the HH2 The HH2 has been designed for use only with specified Delta T sensors Delta T do not recommend its use with third party sensors and
33. 4 Press again to update the cumulative average with the current reading or Esc to back out 5 Write down the final cumulative average if you wish to retain it 6 To erase the current cumulative average press Esc until you return to the main Delta T Devices menu How to average readings 1 First take a reading press Read PR2 Store 0 123 100mm Display Readings screen 1 2 Press either Store or Esc Averaging can be done with or without storing the reading PR2 0 123 100mm Display Readings screen 2 14 Navigating Options and Readings Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 3 Press the hash key once to display the current cumulative average PR2 Avg 0 369 100mm Display Current average screen indicates that the latest reading is not yet included If no average is currently stored then No average is displayed on the bottom line 4 Press again to update the average with the new reading s PR2 0 246 Display Updated Average Alternatively press Esc to return to the previous display reading screen without updating the average Once in the Display Updated Average screen press Esc to return to the Display Reading screen that you came from Press to come back to the Display Updated Average screen Once the average has been updated press Read while in the Display Updated Average screen to take a new reading If nothing happens press Esc The question Store may appear rem
34. 4 Sensor 4 Voltage in ve Unused 8 So o 20 Unused Ground 7 o o 19 Unused DSR 6 oO o 18 AN5 Sensor 5 Voltage in ve CTS 5 o o 17 Unused RTS 4 oe oe 16 AN6 Sensor 6 Voltage in ve RxD 3 So So 15 Unused TxD 2 So o 14 Analogue Ground Ground 1 o See also 25 pin D Socket Kit on page 99 84 Technical Reference Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 EMC Certificate C Certificate of Conformity Delta T Devices Ltd has assessed the listed product amp declares that it conforms with the following standards when used as described in the product s User Manual EMC Under EU EMC Directive 89 336 EEC BS EN 61326 1998 class B comprising Immunity IEC 1000 4 2 Enclosure ESD IEC 1000 4 3 Enclosure Electromagnetic IEC 1000 4 4 Input output Burst IEC 1000 4 5 Input output Surge IEC 1000 4 6 Input output Conducted RF Emission CISPR 16 2 Enclosure RF Emissions Safety 73 23 EEC Low Voltage Directive Product approved HH2 Moisture Meter Date of Approval 12 6 2000 Test Engineer and authorised representative 1 K Bragg Signed l om Bragg Date 2 bfoo As Chair of the Management Committee Peter Cockerton certify that T K Bragg is our authorised representative Signed Date De iG laa Delta T Devices Ltd 128 Low Road Burwell Cambs CB5 OEJ England U K Tel 44 1638 742 922 Fax 44 1638 743 155 Technical Reference 85 Troubleshooting See also Error Messages on page 92 P
35. Brown 23 MVout4 White 21 MVout5 Turquoise 18 MVout6 Pink 16 See also 25 way D connector on page 81 Fitting the Hood 1 Push the two D locking screws into the hood body either side of the connector recess They can be used to hold this socket to the HH2 plug 2 Fit the cable clamp to grip the protruding cable sheath for the PR1 or the end of the heat shrink for ML1 or ML2 3 Loosen the hood screws and the back of the hood 4 Taking care not to dislodge the o ring that s just inside the hood body pull on the cable and guide the clamp into the body Stop when the clamp rests at the back of the body 5 Ensure the o ring is fully in its groove carefully ease it into its groove all around if needed Push in the D socket to seal against it Hold the connector in place with the two holding clips which grip the hood body amp socket together 6 With the rubber gasket over the heat shrink amp the back of the hood in place tighten the two hood screws to compress the gasket Don t over tighten these screws as they only screw into plastic Accessories 101 Use The connector should now be ready to connect to the Moisture Meter If assembled as above the connector should be waterproof so it can be left outdoors Avoid long term exposure of the DSK1 to bright sunlight as it may eventually degrade the hood plastic The cover pushes over the socket to prevent insects mud etc entering the sockets 102
36. HH2 6 Introduction to the Moisture Meter Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Moisture Meter Parts LCD with 2 rows of 16 characters used to display menus and readings take readings Read save reading Moisture Meter select menu or A select option wake meter or reject option amp go back hd scrol average Splash proof case 25 pin D Connector for sensor connection or PC connection Battery compartment takes one PP3 battery Introduction to the Moisture Meter 7 How the Moisture Meter takes readings Analogue sensors SM200 ML1 ML2 ML2x EQ2 PR2 PR1 The Moisture Meter applies power to the sensor and measures the output signal voltage returned It displays this directly in mV and or converts into other units depending on the type of sensor and information available Equitensiometer results can only be displayed in mV The meter converts the mV reading into soil moisture units using a linearisation table and soil specific parameters Linearisation tables are pre installed for sensors and for Organic and Mineral soil parameters For greatest accuracy you can enter your own soil type parameters but these have to be determined experimentally This is outside the scope of this manual For mm Deficit you need to supply Field Capacity and Root Depth for each soil type and crop The date and time is saved with each reading Before saving readings you may enter a uni
37. If using a converter then check that it is not damaged If you have spare converters then try one of those If you have fitted a connector to the device yourself using the Delta T adapter kit type DSK1 then check that the wiring has been correctly applied and that the wiring connections are good with no interference from other connectors for example solder applied to one wire may be touching another Check the sensor user manual Check that you are using it correctly e g is it being inserted into the ground correctly Check the user manual to see if the device is being used in soil conditions which the device is incapable of measuring Has the meter been set up with incorrect soil moisture values e g a0 and a1 values may be incorrect for this soil type If you are getting zero for mm Deficit check you have entered a value for Root Depth If you are getting a negative value for mm Deficit you may be using too low a value for Field Capacity Has the meter been set up with the correct device If you have other equipment to measure the device then do so You can check if the results are the same and hence prove whether there is a fault with the device Zero Readings obtained If you are getting zero for mm Deficit check you have entered a value for Root Depth If the soil moisture value is always reading zero then an additional test to those in the previous section is to check the battery Sensors will only return a signal voltage
38. Note the online Help was written primarily for DL2e data logger users It has not been updated to support HH2 The wizard can import data directly from DL2e data loggers but will not directly import data from the HH2 Use HH2Read Retrieve to save the data as a CSV file on your PC first and import that Dataset Import Wizard 69 CSV Data File Layout The following shows a sample of the data from an HH2 Moisture Meter saved as a CSV file using HH2Read Retrieve and opened in Microsoft Excel using the File Open command The values here are not representative of expected soil moisture values This is a demonstration of the format of the data output to a CSV file The first information collected from the meter are calibration table values followed by the values of all settings in the meter when the first reading was taken Subsequent readings appear in each row until the data runs out or one of the meter settings is changed e g the Device or Display options are changed If the settings are changed then all the settings information is collected from the meter again and output to the CSV file before the subsequent reading values appear in each row This example file shows all the output for the following devices SM200 ThetaProbes types ML1 amp ML2 Profile Probes type PR1 amp PR2 Equitensiometers type EQ2 The CSV data files for the following device is similar but does not include the calibration table WET Sensor
39. Read on the HH2 keypad If successful the meter displays the reading e g Store Reading ready for saving or deleting 2 Press Store to save the readings or press Esc 3 Press Read for the next reading Press Esc if you do not want to save the reading It will still show on the display but has not been saved Can t Store Readings The Store option becomes unavailable when memory is full or corrupted In this case upload the readings to your PC using HH2Read then using Options Data Erase via the keypad delete the readings in the HH2 See also Available memory on page 63 56 Equitensiometers Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Upload Data to PC From the main Options menu select Remote and press Set The rest of the work is done from your PC keyboard If not yet installed install HH2Read on your PC as described on page 60 Connect the PC to your Moisture Meter as explained on page 61 Run HH2Read and select its Retrieve command as described on page 65 The end result is that your data is saved to file in a comma separated CSV format as shown on page 70 Then What Having got your readings safely stored on your PC what do you do with the results The CSV files can be opened by Microsoft Excel for analysis and graphing A Dataset Import Wizard is provided with HH2Read to help you import data files into Excel in a much more controlled and organised way For more on the Dataset Import Wizard see page 68 F
40. Sale which will prevail over the following explanation Delta T warrants that the goods will be free from defects arising out of the materials used or poor workmanship for a period of twelve months from the date of delivery Delta T shall be under no liability in respect of any defect arising from fair wear and tear and the warranty does not cover damage through misuse or inexpert servicing or other circumstances beyond our control If the buyer experiences problems with the goods they shall notify Delta T or Delta T s local distributor as soon as they become aware of such problem Delta T may rectify the problem by supplying replacement parts free of charge or by repairing the goods free of charge at Delta T s premises in the UK during the warranty period If Delta T requires that goods under warranty be returned to them from overseas for repair Delta T shall not be liable for the cost of carriage or for customs clearance in respect of such goods However we much prefer to have such returns discussed with us in advance and we may at our discretion waive these charges Delta T shall not be liable to supply products free of charge or repair any goods where the products or goods in question have been discontinued or have become obsolete although Delta T will endeavour to remedy the buyer s problem Delta T shall not be liable to the buyer for any consequential loss damage or compensation whatsoever whether caused by the negl
41. User Manual for the Moisture Meter type HH2 A ii Delta T Devices Ltd Notices Copyright All rights reserved Under the copyright laws this manual may not be copied in whole or in part without the written consent of Delta T Devices Ltd Under the law copying includes translation into another language Copyright 2005 Delta T Devices Ltd CE conformity The Moisture Meter has been assessed for compatibility under the European Union EMC Directive 89 336 EEC and conforms to the appropriate standards When used in conjunction with a Delta T soil moisture sensor such as the Theta or Profile Probes then the EMC guidelines stipulated in the respective manuals for these sensors should be followed to ensure the combined system remains compliant See EMC certificate copy on page 85 Design changes Delta T Devices Ltd reserves the right to change the designs and specifications of its products at any time without prior notice User Manual Version 4 0 This manual describes the use of the HH2 with versions 2 3 of both the HH2 firmware and of the PC software HH2 Read New Features Readings can be averaged SM200 soil moisture sensors are also supported 6 Oct 2005 Delta T Devices Ltd Tel 44 1638 742922 128 Low Road Fax 44 1638 743155 Burwell e mail sales delta t co uk CAMBRIDGE CB5 OEJ WWW http www delta t co uk UK Contents Quick Start Introduction to the Moisture Meter 5 Navigating Options and Readin
42. a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Device ID You may label readings with a Device ID Options 0 to 255 Default 0 Select Options Data Device ID Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Root Depth This is needed if you want soil moisture deficit mmDef under Options Display Options 0 9950 mm Default O Select Options Data Root Depth Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu WARNING Do not use the default settings to take mm Deficit readings The default Root Depth set to zero forces the calculated value for mm Deficit to be zero Some irrigation consultants recommend 700 mm as a suitable standard value for Root Depth 30 Profile Probes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Soil Type first menu Displays a choice of sensors for associating with a soil type in the next sub menu Options All Sensors Sensor 1 Sensor 2 Sensor6 Default All Sensors Each sensor in a Profile Probe can have a different soil type associated with it You may choose to set all sensors to the same soil or individually set each one Select Options Soil Type and select a particular sensor or All Sensors to open the second level Soil Type menu Note Sensor 1 denotes the first sensor nearest the surface usually at 100 mm Sensor 4 is at 400 mm In a PR2 6 the lowest sensor is Sensor 6 at 1000 mm Soil Type sub menu Displays a choice of soil
43. adings Options are SM200 ML1 ML2 EQ1 EQ2 PR2 PR1 PR Special also WET if WET calibration is installed Selects the soil types for each of the 4 or 6 sensors in the Profile Probe All Sensors Selects the same soil type for all sensors in the probe Options Organic Mineral Soil 1 5 Options Organic Mineral Soil 1 5 Pee ne Re ee ll a0 Sets a0 for Soil1 n 49 9 4 0 500 O Capacity Sets Field Capacity for Soil 1 n 0 0 38 1 m m Display Selects the values and units to be displayed and stored Options are m m vol mmDef mV mmDef m m mm def vol m m mV vol mV mm def mV Date and Time Displays and sets the date and time Set Date Date screen Displays status information Resources Resources screen Versions Versions screen Remote Connecting to PC screen Profile Probes 35 Reading the Profile Probe Before Taking Readings Check the following 1 Set the Device type to PR2 PR1 or PR Special This needs to be done whenever you change the type of device Set Soil Type for every sensor in the Profile Probe on If you have not selected a Mineral or Organic soil type then define your soil parameters using the Soil Set Up menu Set the Root Depth and Field Capacity if you want mm Deficit Set the Clock if you have not done so for a few weeks Select the Plot and Device IDs optional Set the Sample number optional it auto increments Connect the HH2 to the Profile P
44. adings are to be displayed and stored Option Description mm Volumetric moisture content in cubic metres of water per cubic metre of soil Vol Volumetric water content as a percentage mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm mV Sensor output in milliVolts mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm m m Volumetric water content in m m mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm vol Volumetric water content in m m mm Volumetric water content in m m mvV Sensor output in milliVolts Vol Percentage water content mV Sensor output in milliVolts mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm mV Sensor output in milliVolts Warning Use of the HH2 default value for Field Capacity may not give meaningful results because it may not represent a common soil type Select the Options Display menu Scroll through the following options and press Set to select one 22 SM200 and ThetaProbes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Date and Time See Setting the Clock on page 12 Status The Options Status menu displays the Resources and Version sub menus Resources Mem shows of HH2 memory available for further readings Batt shows remaining battery life Readings shows number of readings in HH2 memory Version This shows the version number of the HH2 firmware i e the embedded control program and also of any installed sensor and soil tables Remote Select Options Remote to
45. alley W R 1993 Considerations on the use of time domain reflectometry TDR for measuring soil moisture content Journal of Soil Sci 44 1 9 4 White l Knight J H Zegelin S J and Topp G C 1994 Comments on Considerations on the use of time domain reflectometry TDR for measuring soil moisture content by W R Walley Journal of Soil Sci 45 503 508 About Soil Parameters a0 amp a1 75 Linearisation Tables Format LIN File Format The HH2 linearisation table for SM200 ML1 ML2 PR1 or PR2 devices may be changed by loading a lin format file from the PC using HH2Read This facility is provided to enable Delta T to provide updates to linearisation tables for these devices These tables contain pairs of mV values and square root of the soil permittivity values These are text files which you can view with any text editor such as Notepad under Windows The file must be formatted as follows lt Label gt lt CR gt lt LF gt lt Number of Data Points n gt lt CR gt lt LF gt lt mV Value 1 gt lt Converted Value 1 gt lt CR gt lt LF gt 2 5 2 lt mV Value n gt lt Converted Value n gt lt CR gt lt LF gt Each line must be terminated with the ASCII codes for Carriage Return CR and Line Feed LF lt Label gt The first line of the file contains exactly 10 characters including white space describing the table such as its name and version information to be stored in the HH2 lt
46. ap 6 10 05 Date and Time Set Date Water Content 40 WET Sensor Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Quick Start On first configuring the HH2 for use with a WET Sensor install the sensor calibration into the HH2 via your PC using HH2Read Select Options Device WET Connect the device press Read and Store to take and save a reading Install WET Sensor Calibration A calibration file is provided on diskette with each WET Sensor 1 Identify your sensor serial number This can be found on the blue rubber sleeve attached to your WET sensor cable Example If serial number is WET 1 020 then calibration file name is WET01020 cal 2 Connect the HH2 to your PC using the serial cable 3 Run the PC program HH2Read You need version 1 82 or later 4 Select Install Sensors Calibration WET Sensor 5 Insert the diskette containing the calibration file select it via the Open dialogue and press Return In a few minutes the program should report the calibration file successfully installed Options Device Press Set at the start up or readings screen to display the Options menu Scroll down to Device using the up and down 7 keys and press Set Scroll down to WET and press Set Device gt WET Press Esc to return to the start up screen This sensor should now appear on the start up screen and re appear at start up if you turn the power off WET Sensor 41 Data Menu Select Options Data to s
47. arisation Table must be used as the decimal separator in the ML1 0068 001 0101 001 01377001 0201 002 0458 003 0553 003 0658 004 0764 004 0933 005 1000 005 1100 008 0000 000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 000 0000 000 476 792 089 154 556 014 489 416 837 964 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 20 mV reading integer 0000 Lue Square root of soil permittivity The HH2 contains factory set linearisation tables You can upgrade or change these tables with LIN files using HH2Read If the meter should lose power then the memory containing readings and these new tables will be lost and replaced by the factory set tables In that case you will have to reload any newer tables Linearisation Tables Format 77 Changing the Battery The HH2 unit works from a single 9 V PP3 type battery When the battery reaches 6 6V about 25 left the HH2 displays Please Change Battery On receiving the above warning upload your data to your PC next or replace the battery Observe the following warnings WARNING 1 Disconnect your device sensor particularly Profile Probes immediately on receiving this low battery warning Failure to heed this warning could result in loss of data WARNING 2 Ensure the HH2 is sleeping before changing the battery WARNING 3 Once the battery is disconnected you have 30 seconds to replace it before all stored
48. be Ts Moisture Meter 2 3 or later Version 2 3 Copyright C 2000 2005 Delta T Devices PC Software HH2Read 61 Whenever you send a request for information to the HH2 Moisture Meter it is also asked to report its internal clock Initially the clock display appears blank When the HH2 has finished dealing with the original request the date and time should appear at lower left on the HH2Read window looking something like this ae Typical date time display The particular date time order will reflect your computer s Regional Settings accessed from your Control Panel via the Start Settings menu Once the HH2 has successfully received and processed a command or message from the PC it will display Connected to PC The HH2 PC link is now ready Trouble Shooting If you have problems with the PC software communicating with the meter then see PC Communications Problems on page 86 62 PC Software HH2Read Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 HH2Read Menus View Menu This menu duplicates the left hand row of buttons giving information about the HH2 Moisture Meter Firmware Version Battery Voltage Memory Available Table Status Version Select View Version to display the current version of the firmware that is the software embedded in the microprocessor in the Moisture Meter This is normally only needed when an upgrade or technical support is being considered Battery Select View Battery to displa
49. bove may not be great enough to cause field capacity to be exceeded In that case use the maximum soil moisture level encountered as an estimate of the Field Capacity Laboratory Methods Take an undisturbed soil core from each soil profile and saturate Allow to drain and when drainage has stopped weigh Measure the volume of each sample and then oven dry Finally weigh again The field capacity is equal to the difference in weights of each sample divided by its volume In Europe when drainage has stopped is determined by placing the saturated sample on dry soil or a wad of dry filter papers and allowing it to drain for 2 hours In America it is taken to be the soil moisture content when the soil water potential ow has fallen to 33kPa 1 3 bar Field Water Capacity Values 109 Available Field Water Capacity Available Water Capacity is the difference between Field Capacity and Wilting Point Available Water by Volume mm 100 mm depth Po Topsoil SubSoil Said 8 eB l Loamysand 12 9 Source MAFF 1984 Soil Texture Leaflet 895 This table contains average figures from a range of values for each texture the range depends on the variation in particle size organic matter and compaction Note These are average values Individual soils will vary dependent on particle size organic matter and compaction Some irrigation consultants will advise you not to record mm deficit unless you can confidentl
50. can be loaded directly into spreadsheet packages like Microsoft Excel for analysis and graphing The Dataset Import Wizard provided with HH2Read enables you to import this CSV file into Excel in a much more controlled and organised way See page Dataset Import Wizard on page68 Further manipulation of the data into irrigation management graphs or reports is beyond the scope of this manual Some users send their data to a commercial irrigation management firm for interpretation or they use a commercial irrigation database management package such as Probe for Windows see http www rsne com au prwin pr1 htm Contact Delta T for the latest information on compatible irrigation management and graphing software Profile Probes 37 38 Profile Probes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 WET Sensor Contents About WET Sensors Menu Navigation Map Options WET Options Summary Reading the WET Sensor About WET Sensors The WET sensor s name comes from Water content Electrical conductivity and Temperature WET sensors directly measure soil permittivitye bulk electrical conductivity denoted Op Or EC and Temperature From these and with the use of specific soil calibration tables and equations the HH2 calculates volumetric soil moisture 8 and pore water conductivity op or ECp The WET sensor is used in precision horticulture and soil science research and is usable in both soils and a variety of artificial growing substrates such
51. ce There is a Technical Reference with Specifications Troubleshooting Accessories Water Deficit Explained Field Water Capacity Glossary amp Index 4 Quick Start page 58 page 60 page 68 page 70 page 74 page 76 page 78 page 81 Note the various warnings about changing batteries page 82 page 86 page 98 page 103 page 106 page 112 Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Introduction to the Moisture Meter Description The Moisture Meter reads and stores measurements taken with the following Delta T soil moisture sensors ThetaProbe types ML2 ML2x amp ML1 SMZ200 soil moisture sensors Profile Probe types PR2 and PR1 Equitensiometer type EQ2 WET sensors The meter can display and store where appropriate the following values for the measured readings raw data as milliVolt reading mV soil wetness soil water deficit mm pore and bulk conductivity bulk permittivity temperature Equitensiometers can only be read in mV Readings include the time and date for later collection from a PC Readings may be averaged Note averages cannot be stored for later collection from a PC The meter is easy to carry and operate with one hand Connectors Equitensiometers ThetaProbes SM200s and Profile Probes supplied for use with the HH2 come fitted with a 25 pin connector that plugs in directly PR2 Profile Probes have their own separate HH2 connector cable Adapters are available for Equit
52. connect to the PC See also Connect PC to HH2 on page 61 SM200 and ThetaProbes 23 SM200 and ThetaProbe Options Summary Menn ssid Actions Notes factory default values in bold Erase No cancels the action Yes erases all readings stored in memory Device Selects the device for subsequent readings Options are SM200 ML1 ML2 EQ1 EQ2 PR1 PR1 Special also EC2 or WET if EC2 or WET calibration is installed Soil Type Menu selects the soil type for ML1 and ML2 readings Options are Organic Mineral Soil 1 5 Sets Field Capacity for Mineral soil 0 38 100 vol Pee eee es a Seseo tor Soi T n 404 40 600 id Sets Field Capacity for Soil 1 n 0 0 38 1 m m Display Selects the values and units to be displayed and stored for SM200 ML1 and ML2 readings Options are m m vol mmDef mV mmDef m m mm def vol m m mV vol mV mm def mV Date and Time 24 SM200 and ThetaProbes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Reading the sensor Before Taking Readings Set the Device to SM200 ML1 or ML2 Select the Plot ID Device ID Root Depth and Sensor Depth all optional Set the Field Capacity Soil Set Up menu if you want soil moisture deficit Set the Sample number optional it auto increments Set the Display Set the Date and Time if you have not done so for a few weeks NOa PWN gt Connect the HH2 to the sensor To take Readings 1 Press Read If successful the meter di
53. d collect any readings stored in the meter If the battery should become disconnected or run down whilst in transit to Delta T then the meter readings may be lost Technical Support Technical Support is available on Delta T products and systems Users in countries that have a Delta T Distributor or Technical Representative should contact them in the first instance Technical Support questions received by Delta T will be handled by our Tech Support team Your initial enquiry will be acknowledged immediately with a T number and an estimate of time for a detailed reply Make sure to quote our T number subsequently so that we can easily trace any earlier correspondence In your enquiry always quote instrument serial numbers software version numbers and the approximate date and source of purchase where these are relevant Contact details Tech Support Team Delta T Devices Ltd 128 Low Road Burwell Cambridge CB5 OEJ U K email tech support delta t co uk Web site www delta t co uk Tel 44 0 1638 742922 Fax 44 0 1638 743155 Warranty and Service 97 Accessories 9 pin RS232 Connector 9 pin to 9 pin RS232 cable 25 pin to 9 pin RS232 Converter A moulded connector containing 25 way female D Connector and a 9 pin male D connector suitable for connecting the HH2 to a standard RS232 cable DIN to 25 pin RS232 Converter 25 pin female connector for HH2 type C HH2 DIN Suitable for ThetaProbe type ML2x p or Equ
54. deficit vol m3 m 3 mV vol mV mm deficit mV Custom 3 Soil Custom 4 Soil PR2 Navigation Map 6 10 05 Custom 5 Soil 28 Profile Probes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Quick Start On first configuring the HH2 for use with a Profile Probe select Options Device PR2 PR1 or PR Special Select a soil type or the generic mineral soil calibration will be used Connect the device and press Read and Store to take and save a reading See also Profile Probe Options Summary page 35 Display Units Options page 33 Reading the Profile Probe page 36 Options Device Press Set at the start up or readings screen to display the Options menu Scroll down to Device using the up and down 7 keys and press Set Scroll down to PR2 PR1 or PR Special and press Set Device gt PR2 Press Esc to return to the start up screen This sensor should now appear on the start up screen and re appear at start up if you turn the power off Profile Probes 29 Data Select Options Data to see this menu Plot ID You can label each reading with a Plot ID Options A to Z Default A Select Options Data Plot ID Scroll through the options and press Set to select one Press Esc to return to the main menu Sample A sample number is automatically assigned to each reading It automatically increments by one each time you store a reading Options 1 to 2000 Default 1 Select Options Data Sample Select
55. do this after soldering on the D socket Strip away the cable sheath amp screen taking care not to damage the insulation of the individual wires or cut back the wires if already stripped to give 40mm free wire length The remaining cable sheath needs to be undamaged for a waterproof connector a cut in the sheath allows water to pass inside amp along between the wires The end of the cable sheath needs to be clean to seal to the heat shrink Place the adhesive heat shrink sleeving supplied near the end of the sheath as shown With a PR1 cable leave about 8mm cable sheath protruding for the cable clamp With an ML1 or ML2 cable place the heat shrink to reach the end of the sheath Thoroughly heat the heat shrink preferably with a heat gun to shrink it and melt the glue inside to seal to the cable without melting the cable Allow to cool The heat shrink s diameter should now be between 8 0 amp 10 5mm to fit amp seal to the gasket in the hood Strip back the wire ends about 3mm for soldering 100 Accessories Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Soldering Solder the coloured wires to the appropriate D Socket pins identified with small numbers on the connector Make sure the cable is threaded through the hood first Cable Colours PR1 ML1 2 9 way 4 way Power Red Red 13 V Power Blue Blue 7 OV Signal Green Green 14 OV MVout1 Yellow Yellow 25 MVout2 Black 24 MVout3
56. e while it is waking then the meter will not be able to provide the battery voltage You may also get an error report if you try to get the battery voltage from the PC So wait a couple of seconds for it to wake up WARNING when the meter measures the battery voltage power will be applied to any attached device Soil moisture devices supplied for use with the HH2 by Delta T are unaffected by this No support for non Delta T Devices is implied by this statement The Battery and Holder The battery must be 9V PP3 type battery do not use any other type of battery or any other power supply The meter may be damaged by a power source not recommended by Delta T Send the HH2 to sleep before changing the battery When replacing the battery in the battery compartment do not pull at the battery leads because they may become disconnected inside the meter and the HH2 will have to be returned for repair This battery is only measured when the unit is woken so to properly check your battery status allow the HH2 to sleep first then press ESC to wake it 80 Changing the Battery Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Care and Maintenance This chapter explains some rules regarding the care and maintenance of the Moisture Meter to ensure that you can get the best performance from the meter for as long as possible The Case The Moisture Meter is made of rigid plastic which is solid enough for daily use carrying around outside It is designed to
57. e HH2 cannot sleep A sensor may be connected to one of the analogue inputs which is feeding a live voltage to the HH2 The sensor should be disconnected from the unit to allow it to go to sleep This error only appears where the unit wishes to enter sleep It can also be caused by keeping your finger on the ESC button Technical Reference 93 Memory Failure Readings Corrupt Settings Corrupt See Readings can t be stored on page 89 A memory error occurred Try to save any readings to the PC Then select the Erase option from the Data menu and then try resetting the meter by removing battery power for at least 30 seconds See also To Cold Boot the HH2 on page 86 If the problem persists please ask your supplier how to return the unit for repair No Sensor No Sensor means that no sensor could be detected when taking a reading This could be due to poor cabling No Table No Table means table or calibration is missing When the unit first initialises or when a battery is changed and the unit reinitialises linearisation tables for each sensor are automatically loaded by the unit Custom tables can then be loaded by the user If a default table or a custom table subsequently becomes corrupt and you attempt to take a reading the error No Table is displayed Over range The sampled voltage value was higher than the HH2 can handle or the resultant soil moisture value was calculated to be greater than 1 As so
58. e HH2 the PR SPECIAL option is provided as a placeholder for you to add your own custom Profile Probe sensor table Some PR1 users found this useful as a work around for 66 PC Software HH2Read Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 difficult soils i e in which the use of custom soil coefficients a0 and a1 was insufficient Install Sensor Calibration Installs calibration information for a particular WET sensor Options WET A unique calibrations table is provided on disk for each individual sensor with file names ending in Cal Only one digital sensor can be installed at any one time 1 Connect your HH2 to your PC as described on page 61 2 Select a device e g Install Linearisation Table WET to display a Windows Open dialog 3 Select the required table e g WET201023 Cal Once the sensor calibration is installed the HH2 will be able to display readings providing the device is selected from the keypad e g using Options Device WET Note WET sensor calibrations cannot be altered by the user Note Soil specific calibration tables for the WET sensor cannot be installed by the user only by Delta T Help Menu Selecting Help will show information about the version of this software See also page 2 PC Software HH2Read 67 ae Dataset Import Wizard Dataset Import Wizard This PC program assists importing saved datasets into Microsoft Excel It is good for quick graphs and for managing large amounts
59. ee this menu Plot ID You can label each reading with a Plot ID Options Ato Z Default A Select Options Data Plot ID Scroll through the options and press Set to select one Press Esc to return to the main menu Sample A sample number is automatically assigned to each reading It automatically increments by one each time you store a reading Options 1 to 2000 Default 1 Select Options Data Sample Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Device ID You may label readings with a Device ID Options 0 to 255 Default 0 Select Options Data Device ID Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Root Depth This is needed if you want soil moisture deficit mmDef under Options Display Options 0 9950 mm Default O Select Options Data Root Depth Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Sensor Depth Readings can be labelled with the soil depth Options 0 9950 mm Default O Select Options Data Sensor Depth Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu 42 WET Sensor Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Soil Type WET sensors require a soil type to be selected because the soil moisture calculation uses a soil specific calibration table Tables for the standard soils listed below are pre installed in the HH2 You can install 5 custom tables using your own soil calibration data if you have any
60. emory Also version numbers of firmware and any installed tables Remote Select this when connecting to a PC Navigating Options and Readings 9 Plot ID All Sensors Options ata Device Soil Type Soil Set Up Units Display Parameter Compensation Date and Time Status Remote Organic Sample Sensor 1 Mineral Device ID Sensor 2 Soil 1 Root Depth Eat Sensor 3 Sensor Depth EQ2 Sensor 4 Erase PR1 Sensor 5 PR2 Sensor 6 PR Special Soil Type Organic Field Capacity Specific soil types are Custom 2 Soil available for WET sensor Custom 5 Soil Soil Param Field Capacity Set Select the item Wake Sleep or Escape to previous higher menu Previous current Average Scroll or change value Resources Versions Date and Time Set Date Temperature Set Time Percent Resources Mem 100 Batt 97 Readings 250 version Note the availability of options depends on which sensor is selected WET options only available if WET sensor calibration is installed HH2 Navigation Map All options for all devices 6 10 05 Units vol Water Content mm deficit a vt mm deficit m3 m 3 Conductivity mm deficit vol Hval mv mm deficit mv WET ECb b WET ECb mmDet VET mmDef Display EC1 2 ECpT b ECb 10 Navigating
61. ensiometers or probes fitted with 4 pin DIN plugs or 5 pin Tajimi plugs Sensors sold with bare wires for connection to loggers need to be fitted with a 25 pin D connector Either solder it directly using the type DSK1 adapter kit or viaa junction box type JNC2 connected to a DSK1 via extra cable See also Accessories on page 98 Introduction to the Moisture Meter 5 Unpacking Your consignment will have the following parts Part Sales code Description Moisture Meter HH2 Moisture Meter with battery connector cap this User Manual amp Data Collection software HH2Read on CD RS232 cable with 9 way to 25 way converter HHRS2 Cable has 9 way D connectors at both ends Use 9 to 25 way converter to connect to the Moisture Meter and may also contain some or all of the following PR2 HH2 cable PRC d 1 5m cable connects PR2 HH2 to HH2 SM200 HH2 LA SM2C d 1 5 m cable connects cable EN HH2 SM200 to HH2 Spare battery set HH2BAT 2 x PP3 Alkaline DIN to 25 way D C HH2 Din plug connected to 25 socket converter DIN pin female D connector via a short lead Tajimi to 25 way C HH2 T 25 way female D D socket connector fitted with converter Tajimi socket 25 way D socket Poe EA fy DSK1 25 way D Socket Kit for kit TG bal user to solder onto i ee af sensors with bare wires to 3 38 connect to HH2 Spares Kit HH2 SPK_ Set of Spares for
62. f empirical test data of soil moisture vs permittivity as a simple equation or table The error indicates a limitation of the permittivity based methods of soil moisture measurement Note the impact of the soil moisture coefficient ao in the following equation when water values are low Water content 9 Ve ao a1 where ve is the square root of the dielectric permittivity of the soil and the soil parameters ag 1 6 and a 8 4 are used to represent a Mineral soil When e is less than 1 6 i e in very dry soil the meter will report a negative reading This is a consequence of the fact that no two soils are exactly the same The permittivity measurement method is sufficiently good for most purposes using generic look up tables representative of a range of soils Most users are happy to use the generic Mineral Soil calibration provided by us If necessary you may calibrate your own soil and derive and enter your own soil parameters ao and ai Dataset Import Wizard reports Unexpected error 0x80041004 in a HH2 dataset This is what you get when you open a HH2 dataset CSV file in Excel then save it using Save As CSV file Although Excel saves the file according to the CSV rules with comma separators etc the data you get in the file is a CSV version of what you see on screen and is subtly different from the original file contents in certain points of detail especially spacing and number and date time formatting Dataset Import
63. gs SM200 and ThetaProbes 17 Profile Probes 27 WET Sensor 39 Equitensiometers 51 Memory use 58 PC Software HH2Read 60 Dataset Import Wizard 68 CSV Data File Layout 70 About Soil Parameters a0 amp a1 74 Linearisation Tables Format 76 Changing the Battery 78 Care and Maintenance 81 Technical Reference 82 Warranty and Service 96 Accessories 98 Water Deficit Explained 103 Field Water Capacity Values 106 Glossary 112 Index 115 Quick Start Unpack see page 6 5 Press Store to save it 6 Repeat 4 amp 5 Connect the battery or press Esc to wake the Moisture Meter if it is asleep 3 Connect the sensor The HH2 will assume it is an ML2 ThetaProbe in mineral soil unless you tell it otherwise Ignore that for now 4 Putthe sensor in soil and press Read to read and display a result To explore menu options see page 9 To retrieve readings to your PC This will take a little longer Install and Run HH2Read see page 60 e Press Retrieve enter a file name and press OK About this Manual Introduction Unpacking Parts Navigating Options and Readings Turn to the separate chapters for SM200 amp ThetaProbes Profile Probes WET Sensors Equitensiometers page 5 page 9 page 17 page 27 page 39 page 51 The rest of the manual has sections on Memory management HH2Read Dataset Import Wizard Data File Layout About soil parameters a0 amp a1 Linearisation Tables Changing the Battery Maintenan
64. gs can be labelled with the soil depth Options 0 9950 mm Default 0 Select Options Data Sensor Depth Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu 20 SM200 and ThetaProbes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Soil Type Selects the soil type used in calculating readings Options Mineral Organic Soil 1 Soil 2 Soil 5 Default Mineral Two factory set soil types are installed in the HH2 Mineral and Organic You may also define your own via the Soil Set Up option on the main menu Up to five custom soil types can be stored in the HH2 Select Options Soil Type to display the options Scroll down through the soil type options and press Set to select one Press Esc to return to the main menu Soil Set Up Soil Set Up is used to define empirical soil parameters a0 amp a1 which are used to convert the measured bulk permittivity into moisture content readings Soil Set Up is also used to define field capacity needed if you want moisture deficit readings Beginners can skip this section by choosing the Mineral or Organic under Options Soil Type and by not choosing mm Deficit under Options Display For optimum accuracy you should obtain soil specific calibration coefficients for your soil as described in your sensor user manual Then enter these coefficients called a0 and a1 via the Soil Set Up menu See also About Soil Parameters a0 amp a1 on page 74 You may skip this step by choosing the Mi
65. he Clock on page 12 54 Equitensiometers Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Status The Options Status menu displays the Resources and Version sub menus Resources Mem shows of HH2 memory available for further readings Batt shows remaining battery life Readings shows number of readings in HH2 memory Version This shows the version number of the HH2 firmware i e the embedded control program and also of any installed sensor and soil tables Remote Select Options Remote to connect to the PC See also Connect PC to HH2 on page 61 Equitensiometer Options Summary Main Menu SubMenu Values Default Factory _ ast 1 ast 0 ast 0 No not applicable bled i i sm 20 a ae PR1 Direct PR1 Access f ooo Ss fais N PR1 SP Direct PR1 SP Access i Set Date dd mm yy 01 01 2000 hh mm ss 00 00 00 tatus Date and Time Remote Notes Date order format is automatically set by your PC when you set the time using the data collection software HH2Read The HH2 reverts to the default values if power is lost for more than 30 seconds Equitensiometers 55 Reading the Equitensiometer Before taking readings 1 Select Options Device EQ2 2 Connect it to the HH2 See also Accessories on page 98 3 Set the Plot Sample and Device ID s and Sensor Depth if you wish See also Equitensiometer Options Summary on page 55 To take Readings 1 Press
66. he Glossary Equitensiometer readings are normally given in kPa but the HH2 only displays the output in mV Once readings are uploaded to your PC you may derive the soil matric potential in kPa using the unique linearisation table supplied with each sensor as described in its User Manual When the Moisture Meter wants a reading it applies an excitation voltage for as long as itis needed The excitation voltage taken from the meter s internal battery stimulates the Equitensiometer into taking a reading and producing an output signal in mV Equitensiometers 51 Sensor Depth PR Special Delta T Devices Moisture Meter Data Device Date and Time Status Remote Connecting to PC ML2 47 5 Vol Store sot Select the item Wake or Sleep or Esc Escape to the previou higher menu Previous current H Average Status Resources Versions Resources Mem 100 Batt 97 Readings 250 Version Firmware ML1 Table ML2 Table PR1 Table WET Calib n Scroll or A Y change value Date and Time Set Date Equitensiometer Navigation Map 6 10 05 52 Equitensiometers Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Quick Start Select Options Device EQ2 All readings are in mV Connect the EQ2 Press Read and Store to take and save a reading See also Options Summary on page 55 Reading the Equitensiometer on page 56 Op
67. igence of the Delta T our employees or distributors or otherwise which arise from the supply of the goods and or services or their use or resale by the buyer Delta T shall not be liable to the buyer by reason of any delay or failure to perform our obligations in relation to the goods and or services if the delay or failure was due to any cause beyond the Delta T s reasonable control 96 Warranty and Service Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Service and Spares Users in countries that have a Delta T Distributor or Technical Representative should contact them in the first instance Spare parts for our own instruments can be supplied from our works These can normally be despatched within a few working days of receiving an order Spare parts and accessories for sensors or other products not manufactured by Delta T may have to be obtained from our supplier and a certain amount of additional delay is inevitable No goods or equipment should be returned to Delta T without first obtaining the agreement of Delta T or our distributor On receipt at Delta T the goods will be inspected and the user informed of the likely cost and delay We normally expect to complete repairs within a few working days of receiving the equipment However if the equipment has to be forwarded to our original supplier for specialist repairs or recalibration additional delays of a few weeks may be expected WARNING before returning a meter to Delta T you shoul
68. il moisture is a ratio this is reported as too high Please Change Battery The battery voltage has dropped below the safety warning threshold of 6 6V Change your battery but first retrieve your data see Changing the Battery on page 78 Taking further readings may add a sufficient additional load most probably with a PR1 to the battery that will cause the voltage to drop below the CPU operational threshold If that happens the integrity of the readings cannot be guaranteed as the lower voltage might cause the CPU to reset and or corrupt readings The error is a warning only and is displayed directly after power on and does not prevent the user using the unit in any way The battery is only measured when the unit is woken so to properly check your battery status allow the HH2 to sleep first then press ESC to wake it Sys Error See HH2 displays Sys Error on page 87 94 Technical Reference Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Under range The sampled voltage value was lower than the HH2 can handle or the resultant soil moisture value was calculated to be negative As soil moisture is a ratio this is reported as too low Technical Reference 95 Warranty and Service Terms and Conditions of Sale Our Conditions of Sale ref COND 1 00 set out Delta T s legal obligations on these matters The following paragraphs summarise Delta T s position but reference should always be made to the exact terms of our Conditions of
69. inding you to decide whether to store the reading Answer the question by pressing Store or Esc then press Read and it should work See items 6 amp 7 below What you need to know about averaging 1 Averages are not stored and cannot be uploaded with readings to your PC Write them down if you want a permanent record 2 To erase the current cumulative average press Esc until you return to the main Delta T Devices menu 3 After each reading to store the reading use Store To ignore it press Esc Neither choice affects the average 4 To add a displayed reading to the cumulative average press the key twice Press once to see Avg and the previous cumulative average displayed Press again the question mark disappears and the average is updated 5 Averaging works whether or not you store individual readings The process of selecting readings for inclusion in the cumulative average is completely independent of the process of storing readings for later upload to your PC 6 You may view the average either before or after deciding to store or erase a reading Navigating Options and Readings 15 7 You will always be asked if you want to store each reading This applies even if you just want the average Note You cannot take a new reading until you have decided whether or not to store the current one 8 Your running average will not update if your last reading was outside limits e g an air reading It will work OK
70. ings 90 No Sensor 92 94 No Table 94 O Options 4 9 P PC Communications Problems 86 PC Software 60 Profile Probe Errors 89 Profile Probe Options 29 35 Profile Probes 27 PR SPECIAL LIN 66 Q Quick Start 4 R READ 65 Reading the Equitensiometer 56 Reading the Profile Probe 36 Reading the ThetaProbe 25 Reading the WET sensor 48 116 Index Readings Format 70 Readings can t be stored 89 Readings Corrupt 87 94 Refill Point 111 Remote Link 61 RS232 84 S Saturation 103 Service 81 Service and Spares 97 Settings Corrupt 94 Sleep 8 SM200 17 Software 60 Soil Set Up 21 31 Soil Type 21 Special soil calibration tables 43 Specifications 82 Store prompt missing 87 Sys Error 92 Sys Error 87 T Table hi 92 Table Lo 92 Table Status 63 Tajimi 6 Tajimi to 25 pin RS232 Converter 98 Technical Reference 82 Technical support 97 Temperature compensation 45 Terms and Conditions of Sale 96 ThetaProbe Options 19 24 ThetaProbes 17 time 65 Too High 94 Too Low 95 Tools Menu 66 Trouble Shooting 62 Troubleshooting 86 U Unpacking 6 Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 V Version 61 W Warranty and Service 96 Water Deficit 43 103 104 Water Deficit Calculation for Profile Probes 105 WET Options Summary 47 WET sensor 86 WET sensor error 86 WET Sensors 39 Wilting Point 103 Z Zero Readings 88 Index 117
71. itensiometer type EQ2 p Provides flying socket for sensor DIN plug Tajimi to 25 pin RS232 Converter 25 pin female connector for HH2 type C HH2 T Suitable for ThetaProbe type ML2x t or Equitensiometer type EQ2 t Provides socket for sensor IP68 Tajimi plug PR2 to HH2 cable 1 5 m cable connects PR2 Profile Probe to HH2 Moisture Meter Type PRC d HH2 IP68 M12 connector female to 25 way D socket IP54 See also Unpacking on page 6 98 Accessories Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 25 pin D Socket Kit The 25 way D Socket Kit type DSK1 is user fitted to the cable of a PR1 Profile Probe or ThetaProbe type ML2 or ML1 It forms a waterproof IP67 connector for use with the Moisture Meter type HH2 Note PR2 Profile Probes users converting from loggers to an HH2 should use the special PR2 to HH2 cable type PRC d HH2 not this D connector socket kit DSK1 Contents Item Notes 1 25 way D Socket Waterproof to IP67 2 Water Proof Hood IP67 3 Adhesive heat shrink To enlarge cable diameter 4 D Socket Cover To protect Socket 1 Hood Screws 2 Back of Hood 3 Rubber Gasket 4 Hood Body 5 Holding Clips 6 Cable 7 D Socket 8 Cable Clamp 9 Locking Screws Accessories 99 35mm with heat shrink 40mm without gt 8mm diameter outer sleeve or z gt screen gt 3mm bare Wire Preparation Thread the cable through the hood body complete with back amp grommet You can t
72. lf of the technical refill point An apple grower may wish to stress the crop beyond the refill point to stop or slow down shoot growth at certain times of the year The Full and Refill points can also be determined from the time graph from the change in slope see the diagram on page 103 Field Water Capacity Values 111 Glossary Device ID A unique number between 0 and 255 This will default to 0 when the meter is reset but the user is able to modify this at any time to distinguish between different sensors being measured The current value is recorded with each reading recorded in the meter Equitensiometer A sensor for soil matric potential the negative pressure ECb ECp EQ1 EQ2 ERR 112 Glossary or suction required to extract water from between the matrix of soil particles It is an important indication of plant water stress The value of soil matric potential measured depends mainly on the quantity of water present and the make up of the soil though it is also affected by temperature and salinity It consists of a precision soil moisture sensor a ThetaProbe whose measuring rods are embedded in a porous material the equilibrium body This material has a known stable relationship between water content and matric potential When the probe is inserted into the soil the matric potential within the equilibrium body rapidly equilibrates to that of the surrounding soils The water content of the matric
73. ll display the amount of memory used and the number of sets of readings in memory What happens when the meter runs out of memory Once memory is full you can take readings but you cannot save them A message is displayed saying memory full To save further readings you should first upload the stored readings to your PC using the PC program HH2Read Retrieve Then erase the readings in the HH2 see above Memory use 59 PC Software HH2Read Introduction Use HH2Read to collect data from your HH2 Moisture Meter Readings are saved to a file on your PC in a comma separated format This can be viewed and graphed by loading it into Excel or similar spreadsheet packages HH2Read can also do the following e Set the time of the HH2 Moisture Meter e Display memory and battery status e Display the status of the linearisation tables e Send linearisation tables to the meter Installation HH2Read runs on Windows 95 to XP To install the software on your PC 1 Insert the distribution disk in your CD drive 2 If Autorun is enabled on your PC your CD will automatically start to lead you through the installation process If Autorun is not enabled start the install program as follows 1 From the Start menu select Settings Control Panel 2 In Control Panel select Add Remove Programs 3 In Add Remove Programs Properties select the Install Uninstall tab 4 Click Install and follow the on screen instructions The
74. m deficit You may also save raw mV readings in addition to readings converted into other units Also called Field Water Capacity FWC The maximum water content a soil can hold against gravity once excess water has ceased to drain through it surface run off has ceased and the water content has become relatively stable This usually takes several days Measurements in the laboratory are made by subjecting the soil to a standard suction pressure normally specified as 0 05 bar in the UK and Europe and 0 15 bar in the USA Tables of Field Water Capacity for different soil types are given above on page 106 Field Capacity Units are correctly stated as mm of water over a certain depth e g 3mm over 0 70 cm Another definition or usage of field capacity is The wettest soil profile that can be regularly obtained after through drainage has ceased This is related to the idea that the field has reached its capacity or full point ThetaProbe type ML1 Soil moisture sensor with one differential analogue output ThetaProbe type ML2 Soil moisture sensor with one differential analogue output All references to ML2 include ML2x An physical property describing the electromagnetic behavior of a material used to determine both soil water content and conductivity Profile Probe type PR1 Soil moisture sensing device with 4 or 6 differential analogue outputs one for each sensor in the probe Profile Probe type PR2 A much improved version
75. n see page 64 Alternatively you can set the clock from the keypad Note The date month year order will be set to reflect that on your PC the first time you use the Settings Clock option in the HH2Read To set the clock from the keypad Press Set at the start up screen to display the Options menu Scroll down to Date and Time using the up and down Y keys and press Set Date and Time set Date Press Set to display the Date menu Date 01 01 2000 12 Navigating Options and Readings Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Note that the date month year order will be set to reflect that on your PC the first time you use the Settings Clock option in the Data Collection software HH2Read on your PC Use the up and down 7 keys to change the first field and press Set to accept it The indicator jumps to the next field Repeat for the second and third fields in the Date display This will return you to the Date and Time menu Scroll down to the Set Time option with the key and repeat the above instructions to set the hours minutes and seconds fields shown below Time 22 56 42 Options are device specific Options are only displayed if relevant to the device selected For instance if under device you select Equitensiometer then you will not be given a choice of Soil Type or Soil Set Up or Units The default settings in the Moisture Meter are for an ML2 ThetaProbe The next section is organised
76. neral or Organic option in the Soil Types sub menu You lose some accuracy but it is easier Their soil coefficients are permanently installed in the HH2 The fixed values used for the defined Mineral and Organic soils are a0 at Mineral soils 1 6 8 4 Organic soils 1 3 T T Set a0 amp a1 These options are available for user defined soils only Options a0 Range 49 9 to 50 0 Default 1 0 a1 Range 0 1 to 50 0 Default 7 0 Select Options Soil Set Up and select one of Soil 1 through 5 Select a0 Choose an a0 value by scrolling through the range and press Set Select a1 and repeat the last step SM200 and ThetaProbes 21 Field Capacity Sets the Field Capacity used for mm Deficit calculations Options 0 to 1 Default 0 38 Units m m If you want mm Deficit you must define the Field Capacity and Root Depth in the Options Data menu We provide a table for Mineral soils on page 106 Organic soils are so variable you have to determine field capacity experimentally before it makes any sense to take mm Deficit readings see Calculating Field Capacity on page 108 Press Set to select Options Soil Set Up menu Scroll through the Soil names choose one pressing Set Select Capacity Scroll to select the actual field capacity Press Set to select it Note A negative mm Deficit result indicates you set the Field Capacity too low Display Units Options Selects the units in which new re
77. new one You will have at least 30 seconds to replace the removed battery before the memory will be lost Place the newly connected battery in the compartment and refit the cover making sure all the wires are tucked inside the case Note in case of problems changing the battery it is advisable to download any readings stored in the meter before replacing the battery However if you are working away from a PC then you should have enough time to replace the battery without losing any readings The HH2 when using a new battery can take approximately 2000 SM200 ML2 or Equitensiometer readings 1400 PR2 readings before needing to replace the battery Note this number of readings is presented as a guide only Delta T only guarantees this number of readings under perfect conditions The number of readings can be reduced if the unit is kept awake if the unit is used in temperatures which are not suitable for the battery or if the battery has poor performance and loses power rapidly Changing the Battery 79 The battery display The battery voltage is only read when the Moisture Meter wakes up The value shown on the display from the Options Status menu is that read when the meter last read the battery voltage The voltage is not read again until the Moisture Meter next wakes from being asleep Note the Moisture Meter takes a few seconds to read the battery voltage while waking up If you interrogate the meter with the PC softwar
78. not worry too much about memory use the actual memory overhead of changing a single option is quite small typically 0 06 No additional penalty is incurred if you change your mind before pressing the Store button Changing a configuration only affects memory when a reading is stored If you change the configuration for soil 10 times but only store the reading after those 10 changes only the last change is stored so memory is only used once When you change any option other than the Data options Device ID Plot ID or Sample then extra lines are inserted in the data record saved to the PC Next time you press Store the row by row sequence of readings eventually sent to your PC is disrupted by the insertion of 9 rows of header information summarising all the options plus 2 blank rows This can be seen in the example output file shown on page 72 in which the units Display option were changed after the fourth reading If you do this too often it could make life more complicated later when you come to interpret the data It also consumes memory 58 Memory use Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 How do erase readings The readings stored in the HH2 should be erased once you have successfully uploaded them to your PC The data is erased via the keypad not from the PC Select Options Data Erase The default setting is No Scroll up for Yes and press Set To inspect the results of your action select Options Resources Status This wi
79. nt Water Deficit is the amount of irrigation water or rainfall mm that has to be added to a soil profile in order to bring it back up to field capacity The size of the water deficit will depend on the depth of the soil profile that it relates to usually taken as some function of the crop rooting depth This example shows deficit versus water Deficit vs Water Content content for a shallow sandy clay loam 50 40 4 30 4 E 2 3 10 4 o Q 0 T T T 10 9 0 2 0 4 ie 0 6 0 8 1 20 Soil Moisture Content m3 m 3 Water Deficit Calculation for ThetaProbes Water Deficit is calculated using the formula D R FWC VWC where R Rooting depth FWC Field water capacity VWC Calculated volumetric water content 104 Water Deficit Explained Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Water Deficit Calculation for Profile Probes For a Profile Probe water deficit is the sum of water deficits calculated for each sensor included within the rooting depth D FWC VWC d4 FWC VWC dn dn 1 D where N Number of the deepest sensor contained within the rooting depth FWC FWC Field water capacity at first and n t sensors VWC VWC Volumetric water content at first and n sensors di dn dn 1 Depths of first n 1 n sensors D Additional deficit for soil below the nth sensor calculated as below If the rooting depth is less than the depth of the deepest sensor D FWCn
80. of the Profile Probe A unique letter between A and Z This will default to A when the meter is reset but the user is able to modify this at any time to reflect a geographical area in which the meter is being used The current value is stored with each reading which is recorded in the meter The water content of the soil below which the plant exhibits some form of stress and a drop in yield Stress may be indicated by a drop in the daily use water It depends both on soil and crop One indicator of the refill point might be that roots start extracting water at a greater depth than normal Some crops may be deliberately taken below the refill point to improve desired attributes The depth of soil to which the roots extend The soil depth that you are interested in for use in the water deficit calculation Glossary 113 Sample Number A number between 1 and 2000 This will default to 1 when the meter is reset or all readings are erased but the user is able to modify this number at any time The sample number is recorded with the next reading to be recorded not the last reading recorded The sample number auto increments wrapping around at the end after each reading is stored Note it is not incremented after each reading only when a reading is stored Wilting Point The water content of the soil below which plants cannot extract any water from the soil 114 Glossary Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Index
81. oft Excel 82 Technical Reference Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Memory Maximum Number of Readings Worst case Best case PR2 6 166 782 SM200 ML1 ML2 227 2186 EQ1 EQ2 WET 204 1272 Worst Case Every possible configuration changes per reading Best Case The soil configurations and sample configurations remain static for every reading Note These figures may be out by 1 or 2 readings Technical Reference 83 25 way D connector The Moisture Meter uses a 25 way male connector to connect to either a PC via an RS232 cable or to a sensor The following diagram indicates which of the pins on the D connector are used for which function The HH2 has been designed to avoid sharing pins for the sensor and PC connections to prevent accidental damage to attached equipment See earlier sections of this document for a detailed description of the connector accessories which Delta T can provide for connecting sensors to the HH2 25 way D connector Pin Arrangement Note the pins shown here are those seen from viewing the D connector on the HH2 when holding the meter in your hand All other pins are unused They are not connected within the HH2 VBAT Power out 13 So So 25 AN1 Sensor 1 Voltage in ve XIO 0 unused digital I O 12 So So 24 AN2 Sensor 2 Voltage in ve XIO 1 unused digital I O 11 So So 23 AN3 Sensor 3 Voltage in ve Unused 10 So So 22 Unused Unused 9 So So 21 AN
82. on Resources Resources screen Versions Versions screen Remote Connecting to PC screen WET Sensor 47 Reading the WET Sensor Before Taking Readings Check the following Install your WET sensor calibration table in the HH2 using HH2Read Set the Device type to WET Select the Plot ID Device ID Root Depth and Sensor Depth all optional Set the Field Capacity Soil Set Up menu if you want soil moisture deficit Set the Sample number optional it auto increments Set the Display and Units Set the type of temperature Compensation you want if any Set the Date and Time if you have not done so for a few weeks o OMANOanr WN o gt Connect the HH2 to the sensor To take Readings 1 Press Read on the HH2 keypad If successful the meter displays the reading e g WET 8 9 vol Store Wet 2 Scroll to view the other readings 3 Press Store to save the readings or press Esc 4 Press Read for the next reading Memory Full The Store option becomes unavailable when memory is full or corrupted In this case upload the readings to your PC using HH2Read Retrieve then using Options Data Erase via the keypad delete the readings in the HH2 48 WET Sensor Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Upload Data to PC From the main Options menu select Remote and press Set The rest of the work is done from your PC keyboard If not yet installed install HH2Read on your PC as described on page 60
83. port HH2 Wizard Always use HH2Read Dataset Import Wizard will import the contents of one or k i IE more datasets or data directly from a logger into a new or Retrieve first to save the existing worksheet data asa CSV file on i f Choose what you want to do from the options below and click Next your PC first and import that 25 Apr 26 Apr 27 Apr About Dataset Import Wizard Cancel Help To manually install Dataset Import Wizard Try this if the automatic installation process does not work Start Excel and select Tools Add Ins In the Add Ins dialog click Browse and select DTImpWiz xll in your C Program Files Common Files Delta T directory Dataset Import Wizard should report that it has installed itself The Excel File menu should now contain an additional command Import Dataset s which starts the Dataset Import Wizard It will remain in the File menu available each time you start Excel References See Dataset Import Wizard Notes for HH2 Users installed on your PC with HH2Read as a PDF file In the Examples folder under HH2Read inspect the following PR1 Example Book 1 xls shows what the wizard can do with Profile Probe data Just accepting the wizard default settings will produce time series graphs PR1 Example Book 2 xls shows how you can simplify the data make it easier to plot and create a simple graph of water content vs depth Click on Help when running the Dataset Import Wizard
84. que Plot Sample or Device identity ID label Digital Sensor WET The Moisture Meter applies power to the sensor receives readings as serial data processes these as described in the WET sensor Application Note available from Delta T and calculates bulk and pore conductivity bulk permittivity and temperature as required Using installed soil calibrations the HH2 calculates water content Given the root depth and field capacity it can also calculate mm Deficit Sleep and Waking the Meter To conserve the battery the meter will go to sleep when it is not used for 1 minute The display will go blank and the meter will power down to reduce its power consumption To make the HH2 sleep press Esc once to return to the banner Delta T Devices Moisture Meter then press Esc one more time to make it sleep The meter will wake up when Esc is pressed or when RS232 messages are received from the PC or when the battery is reconnected Averaging Press to shows the previous average and press twice to update it with the current reading Averages are not stored sorry Write it down if you need it For details see Averaging on page 14 8 Introduction to the Moisture Meter Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Navigating Options and Readings Press Esc to wake the HH2 and examine the Navigation Map overleaf There are two main routes round the Read Cycle and down and up the Options Menus Individual options or values a
85. ral capacity it is necessary to collect a series of soil moisture profile readings before during and after a thorough wetting up of the soil Unless time is of the essence this is best done by a heavy prolonged rainfall or by a complete field irrigation From the collected data set construct a graph of soil moisture against time for each profile depth For the upper soil profiles 0 40cms the Field Capacity can usually be interpolated relatively easily from the graph as the level of soil moisture at which drainage stops and normal evaporation and transpiration losses take over In certain soils or where drainage is restricted by a natural obstacle such as a high water table plough panning or a saturated clay substrate it will be necessary to graph the individual sensor readings not the summed total Field capacity for silt loam 30 Evaporation amp or 25 Transpiration h 10 Estimated Field soil moisture a Capacity hours Itis tempting to simply wet up the area around the sensors if however the readings are to be used as the basis of field scale interpretation this can create an imbalance that will only be corrected when the field is naturally over filled again 108 Field Water Capacity Values Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 For the lower soil profiles the interpretation is often not so clear because the rate of infiltration from the soil profile directly a
86. re set at the bottom level of each menu path See also the Options Summary at the back of each sensor chapter Not all options are available with all devices A table of permitted options ranges and default values are shown in each sensor chapter To display the main Options menu press the Set key when the readings are visible on the display or when the start up screen is visible Options Data Press Set to select an option this may be another lower menu Press Esc to reject an option and backtrack up to the previous menu When the and Y symbols are displayed press the up and down 7 keys to scroll through the options in any given menu To save Readings press Store To save Options press Set Press Read and Store to take and save readings Options Menu The symbol indicates that other options are available Data Add label for Plot ID Sample Device ID Root Depth Sensor Depth or delete all data Device Select the sensor e g PR1 for a Profile Probe Soil Type Choose one for each sensor if you want results in engineering units The default is Mineral Soil Set Up Define parameters associated with each soil type Units Select which engineering units are used e g vol or m m Display Select readings to be taken and displayed e g mV and Vol Date and Time The clock can be set via the keypad or from the PC Status Displays memory used battery life remaining amp number of readings in m
87. readings are lost If you do not like this prospect be reassured that your readings are safe indefinitely provided that you do disconnect your sensor and you do not disconnect your battery If you continue to use the HH2 despite the low battery warning it will eventually stop working in order to protect saved readings At this point it will not upload data to the PC To recover the data now you must change the battery Again you must connect a new battery within 30 seconds of disconnecting the old battery before data is lost The meter will when starting up after a battery change always check the state of its memory and will attempt to recover any readings held So even if the meter has been without power for more than 30 seconds the meter may still be able to retain any readings stored Readings recorded in memory and any new linearisation tables loaded by you will be lost if the memory has no power for too long If you did add new linearisation tables see page 66 then you will have to re load them 78 Changing the Battery Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 To Replace the Battery Battery compartment takes one PP3 battery When the HH2 reaches its low point then you will have to replace the battery To do so unclip the back panel by pressing downwards on the clip at the rear You will find the connector as shown above It can only be fitted one way Let the HH2 sleep then remove the current battery and replace it with a
88. rlier version of the Dataset Import Wizard icon from your desktop Technical Reference 91 Error Messages Error Codes Errors detected by the HH2 are reported in retrieved data sets Errors detected by the PC software HH2Read are reported immediately on your PC screen The HH2 display normally shows the reading and its units If an error occurs during a reading the HH2 display shows an error message If you press Store an error code is saved with the reading This appears in the data file when retrieved by your PC An error field column is always saved to the right of each reading saved to file even if no errors occur If no error occurs it contains a single blank space character Error codes in retrieved data sets Display Code Description Under rng L Under range the reading is to low Over rng H Over range the reading is too high Below tbl O A linearisation table passed to the HH2 has a value which is too low Above tbl l A linearisation table passed to the HH2 has a value which is too high Sys Error V A fault occurred in the HH2 No Sensor C Sensor not detected device may be disconnected or a sensor may be faulty Also appears with any non standard Profile Probe which does not have 4 or 6 sensors Too dry D Too dry to compute pore conductivity reading Corrupt R EC2 WET reading message is corrupted No number N Arithmetic operation resulted in an invalid
89. robe oN ons To take Readings 1 Press Read If successful the meter displays the reading for example PR2 Store 34 1 vol 100mm Volumetric soil moisture 100mm below surface The meter displays the reading from the first sensor nearest the surface at 100 mm 2 Press Aor V to scroll the display for other sensor depths and secondary units if selected in Options Display The distance displayed is the sensor depth from the surface Rooting 3 Press Store to save the reading Depth Press Esc if you do not want to save the reading T 36 Profile Probes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Memory Full The Store option becomes unavailable when memory is full or corrupted In this case upload the readings to your PC using HH2Read Retrieve then using Options Data Erase via the keypad delete the readings in the HH2 See also Memory use on page 58 Upload Data to PC From the main Options menu select Remote and press Set The rest of the work is done from your PC keyboard If not yet installed install HH2Read on your PC as described on page 60 Connect the PC to your Moisture Meter as explained on page 61 Run HH2Read and select its Retrieve command as described on page 65 The end result is your data is saved to file in a comma separated CSV format as shown on page 70 Then What Having got your readings safely stored on your PC what do you do with the results The CSV files
90. roblems To Cold Boot the HH2 1 Disconnect the battery 2 Short out the battery connection terminals with a metal object e g a screwdriver blade 3 Reconnect the battery snap the connector in place in a single continuous action While doing so observe the display and ensure that a the entire display blacks out b no error messages are displayed c the title screen Delta T Devices Moisture Meter is displayed PC Communications Problems Check that the meter is showing Connecting to PC to indicate that it is ready to receive PC requests Is the RS232 cable correctly fitted between the PC and HH2 Check that the cable connectors fit tightly There may be problems with the 9 25 D adaptor at the HH2 end You may have to try swapping with other cables or adaptors Are you using the right COM port Check which serial port is used on the PC Check that the HH2Read software is set to use that COM port Have you got the right type of RS232 cable Delta T Sales Code HHRS2 The normal RS232 cable has female connectors at each end and has crossed over lines between some pins Do not confuse these with RS232 modem cables Modem cables have male and female connectors and are wired straight through WET sensor will not read Common with WET kit users The HH2 battery runs low and when it is changed it is no longer possible to read the WET sensor This can occur if the HH2 has resets itself This can occur if you short
91. s factory default values in bold Device Id Sets Device ID 0 255 Sets Rooting Depth 0 9950mm Sets Sensor Depth 0 9999mm No cancels the action Yes erases all stored readings Device Selects the device for subsequent readings Options SM200 ML1 ML2 EQ1 EQ2 PR2 PR1 PR Special also WET if WET calibration is installed Soil Type Selects the soil type for WET sensor readings Options Organic Mineral Clay Sand Custom 1 5 also Stonewool v amp Stonewool h WET ST1 option also Coir Peat based Min g h soil amp Pot soil WET GS1 Sets the properties of the various WET soil types Custom 1 n Organic Mineral Custom 1 n Custom 1 n only Sets bO for Custom 1 n 1 0 2 0 bo Custom 1 n only Sets b1 for Custom 1 n 7 0 8 5 Sets Soil Parameter 1 0 4 1 9 0 Capacity Sets Field Capacity 0 0 38 1 m m Selects the units for displaying and storing WET readings Conductivity Selects the Conductivity units Options mS m mS cm uS cm Water Content Selects the Wetness units Options m m vol Display Selects the values to be displayed and stored for WET readings Options WET WET EC s WET mmDef Compensation CCS Temperature Sets the temperature to which conductivity readings are adjusted Options None 20 C 25 C Sets the temperature compensation 1 0 2 0 4 0 Date and Time Displays and sets the date and time Set Date Date screen Displays status informati
92. s HH2 Options have been displayed The Plot ID in this example A is added to the labels in the first row The Sample and Device labels still have their own columns The sensor depth is displayed in the row called Channel The header row Soil has been dropped See also Dataset Import Wizard Notes for HH2 Users Label A Sample A Device A mV A VWC A mV AVWC Channel 100 200 200 300 Sensor Type PR1 PR1 PR1 PR1 PR1 PR1 Units mV m3 m 3 mV m3 m 3 7 Jan 00 19 53 08 1 397 0 973 451 0 494 7 Jan 00 19 53 20 2 397 0 973 451 0 493 7 Jan 00 19 53 30 3 396 0 971 451 0 493 CSV DatTaT File Layout 73 About Soil Parameters a0 amp a1 Theory Delta T soil moisture sensors respond to the soil dielectric constant which is strongly dependent on the water content Several authors Whalley and White Knight Zeggelin and Topp have shown that there is a simple relationship between the complex refractive index equivalent to the square root of and the volumetric water content 9 as follows Ve a0 alx0 About a0 and a1 These soil specific parameters are unique for each soil type They are used with a linearisation table in the HH2 to convert the sensor output in mV into soil moisture readings Sensor Type Sensor output mV Square root of permittivity vE Soape ao al _ user optional user supplied soil calibration Jl Volumetric water content 0 74 About Soil Parameters
93. software will install onto your PC placing an entry for this application in your Programs menu You can now install an Excel add in called Dataset Import Wizard see page 68 Note if you have problems installing your software then make a note of exactly what happened and record all error messages which are reported See the Technical Support section at the rear of this manual for details of how to obtain help with installation problems 60 PC Software HH2Read Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Connect PC to HH2 Attach the 25 to 9 way adapter to the HH2 Moisture Meter Plug the RS232 cable into this adapter and into serial port COM1 or COM2 of your PC If your PC does not have a COM port with a 9 way D connector purchase a USB RS232 adapter and install it on your PC Select Remote from the HH2 Options menu The HH2 should display Connecting to PC Run HH2Read on your PC The applications main window should appear as follows tq HH2Read x View Settings Retrieve Tools Install Help Exit Get Version about Battery Retrieve Memory Tables Status Exit The software has 6 menus at the top of the application window and matching buttons within the window itself Select Settings COM1 or COM2 Test the Connection Press the Version button on the HH2Read window The following screen should appear About HH2READ Data Collection Software for the HH2 The HH2 firmware version should
94. splays the reading e g ML2 Store 32 2 vol 2 Scroll to view the other readings 3 Press Store to save the readings or press Esc 4 Press Read for the next reading SM200 and ThetaProbes 25 Memory Full The Store option becomes unavailable when memory is full or corrupted In this case upload the readings to your PC using HH2Read Retrieve then using Options Data Erase via the keypad delete the readings in the HH2 See also Available memory on page 63 Upload Data to PC From the main Options menu select Remote and press Set The rest of the work is done from your PC keyboard If not yet installed install HH2Read on your PC as described on page 60 Connect the PC to your Moisture Meter as explained on page 61 Run HH2Read and select its Retrieve command as described on page 65 The end result is your data is saved to file in a comma separated CSV format as shown on page 70 Then What Having got your readings safely stored on your PC what do you do with the results The CSV files can be opened in Microsoft Excel for analysis and graphing A Dataset Import Wizard is provided with HH2 Read to help you Import saved data files into Excel in a much more controlled and organised way See page 68 Further manipulation of the data into irrigation management graphs or reports is beyond the scope of this manual Some users send their data to a commercial irrigation management firm for interpretation
95. tent in m m mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm vol Volumetric water content in m m mm Volumetric water content in m m mV Sensor output in milliVolts Vol Percentage water content mV Sensor output in milliVolts mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm mvV Sensor output in milliVolts Warning Use of the HH2 default value for Field Capacity may not give meaningful results because it may not represent a common soil type You must also enter a Root Depth or the result will be zero Profile Probes 33 Set the Clock See Setting the Clock on page 12 Status The Options Status menu displays Resources and Version sub menus Resources Mem shows of HH2 memory available for further readings Batt shows remaining battery life Readings shows number of readings in HH2 memory Version This shows the version number of the HH2 firmware i e the embedded control program and also of any installed sensor and soil tables Remote Select Options Remote to connect to the PC See also Connect PC to HH2 on page 61 34 Profile Probes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Profile Probe Options Summary Menn sd Actions Notes factory default values in bold Plot Id Sets Plot Label A Z Sets Sample Number 1 2000 Sets Device ID 0 255 Root Depth Sets Rooting Depth 0 9950mm Erase No cancels the action Yes erases all readings stored in memory Device Selects the device for subsequent re
96. the sensors in a Profile Probe then the Moisture Meter reports an error on the display If you are recording mm deficit it is recommended that you change the units displayed via the Options Display menu to two sets of units i e mm Deficit vol or mm deficit m m This will allow all good readings to display and be recorded and the Error fields will indicate the nature of the error affecting the other faulty sensors This does not fix the problem but at least it allows you to recover the good data If faulty sensors exist and are all lowest in the PR2 then the HH2 will use the lowest good sensor and extrapolate down to the Root Depth to calculate mm deficit If a faulty sensor exists which is higher than a good sensor in the PR2 then the HH2 does not try to calculate mm Deficit and reports an error Technical Reference 89 Zero mm Deficit The default root depth in the HH2 is zero If you do not enter a root depth for your soil you will get zero for mm deficit Do not assume that the default values for Field Capacity pre set in the HH2 will give reliable results for your particular soil It is much better to independently measure it enter it into the HH2 See Calculating Field Capacity on page 108 Negative readings Negative soil moisture readings can be obtained at very low soil moisture values This can be frustrating and confusing This can be a result of the approximation used when representing a large population o
97. tions Device Selects the device to be used for the next reading Press Set at the start up or readings screen to display the main Options menu Using the up and down 7 keys scroll down to Device and press Set Scroll down to EQ2 using the up and down keys and press Set Device EQ2 Press Esc to return to the start up screen or last reading The selected EQ2 should now appear on the start up screen and re appear at start up when the HH2 awakes after sleeping Equitensiometers 53 Data Menu Select Options Data to see this menu Plot ID You can label each reading with a Plot ID Options Ato Z Default A Select Options Data Plot ID Scroll through the options and press Set to select one Press Esc to return to the main menu Sample A sample number is automatically assigned to each reading It automatically increments by one each time you store a reading Options 1 to 2000 Default 1 Select Options Data Sample Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Device ID You may label readings with a Device ID Options 0 to 255 Default 0 Select Options Data Device ID Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Sensor Depth Readings can be labelled with the soil depth Options 0 9950 mm Default O Select Options Data Sensor Depth Select a number and press Set Press Esc to return to the main menu Date and Time See Setting t
98. ty experimentally see Calculating Field Capacity on page 108 Owing to the variable nature of organic soils we are unable to recommend even a standard value for Field Capacity Some irrigation consultants will advise you not to record mm deficit unless you can confidently measure and interpret your own soil s Field Capacity 106 Field Water Capacity Values Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Identifying Soil Types Adapted by courtesy of the U K Ministry of Agriculture Food and Fisheries Does soil stain the fingers esl Is it difficult to roll the soil into a ball Does soil feel smooth and silky as well as gritty Is the soil mostly rough and gritty Sand Loamy sand a amp Sandy loam Sandy silt loam i Does soil mould to form an easily deformed ball YES Silt loam and feel smooth and silky nL Clay loam Does soil mould to form a strong ball which smears Also a and Sandy clay loam but which does not take a gritty polish Also smooth and Silty clay loam Clay Soil moulds and feels like plasticine polishes and feels very sticky when wetter Also rough and Sandy clay Also smooth and Silty clay Field Water Capacity Values 107 Calculating Field Capacity There are two methods for estimating Field Capacity 1 Interpretation of field measurements 2 Laboratory measurements Field Measurements To determine a field s natu
99. urther manipulation of the data into irrigation management graphs or reports is beyond the scope of this manual Some users send their data to a commercial irrigation management firm for interpretation or they use a commercial irrigation database management package such as Probe for Windows see http www rsne com au prwin pr1 htm Contact Delta T for the latest information on compatible irrigation management and graphing solutions Equitensiometers 57 Memory use Stored readings To see the number of readings taken and memory used select Options Status Resources The number of readings you can save depends on what device and what menu options you select and how often you change them How Many Readings Can Take The number of readings depends on how much information you change each time you take a reading on which device you are using and on how many different reading units you elect to display and save For maximum and minimum numbers of readings for various configuration changes and sensors see Maximum Number of Readings on page 83 Optimising Memory More readings can be saved if you if you only select one not two sets of engineering units under Options Display You may change Sample in the Option Data for each reading without affecting the total number of readings The Sample number automatically increases by one otherwise anyway To get the most readings try to group all your options together Do
100. ve selected a custom soil name from the Options Soil Set Up menu Select a0 Choose an a0 value by scrolling through the range and press Set Select a1 and repeat the last step Field Capacity Sets the Field Capacity used for mm Deficit calculations Options 0 to 1 Default 0 38 Units m m If you want mm Deficit you must define the Field Capacity and Root Depth in the Options Data menu See the table for Mineral soils on page 106 Organic soils are so variable you have to determine field capacity experimentally before it makes any sense to take mm Deficit readings See Calculating Field Capacity on page 108 Select Options Soil Set Up and choose a soil Select Capacity Scroll to select the actual field capacity Press Set to select it Note A negative mm Deficit result indicates that you set the Field Capacity too low 32 Profile Probes Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Display This menu lists the units in which new readings may be displayed and stored Only one option may be selected per Profile Probe Select Options Display scroll through the options and press Set to select one Option Description m m Volumetric moisture content in cubic metres of water per cubic meter of soil Vol Volumetric water content as a percentage mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm mV Sensor output in milliVolts mm Deficit Soil moisture deficit in mm m m Volumetric water con
101. y is pre set to the 38 corresponding to a silty clay loam The default Root Depth set to zero forces the calculated default value for mm Deficit to be zero See Calculating Field Capacity on page 108 Some crop consultants recommend 700 mm as the default Root Depth For ease of graphing data it is good to always measure your sensors in the same order each visit Some experts recommending having three sensors or access tubes at each location and taking three readings from each to average out random sampling errors later on your PC Navigating Options and Readings 11 Example Change the Plot Label The Plot Label is an optional label in the Data sub menu and can take any value from A to Z Press Esc to wake the meter Press Set to display the main Options menu Scroll down to Data and Press Set Scroll down to Plot ID and Press Set Plot Label Cc In this example C is offered because it was saved with the previous reading Press up or down 7 to change the value Press Set to select the new value To reject an option or value press the Esc In practice you will most probably visit the Data sub menu each time you change your location to change one or more labels in order to better identify each reading later Setting the Clock You can set the clock from the PC or from the keypad of the Moisture Meter To set the time in the HH2 to that of your PC use the Settings Clock command in the HH2Read applicatio
102. y measure and interpret your own soil s Field Capacity 110 Field Water Capacity Values Moisture Meter User Manual 4 0 Finding the Refill Point The following is reproduced by courtesy of Research Services New England Refill Point Water Vol 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 0 z 3 Ko Ww ina SSN 400 E a E em 0 REFILL E Parallel Lin a 800 0 FULL 1000 Extraction 1200 When the moisture content is maintained in the optimum zone the drying cycle line on a graph of depth vs water content appear to change in a Y shape That is to say the majority of the water will be extracted in the top 400 mm of soil with some extraction taking place below This will always represent a plant extracting water under an optimum working environment When a soil gets near to the refill point there are three distinctive changes 1 The extraction lines on the depth graph become parallel 2 There is usually a sudden deeper extraction of water in the soil profile 3 Combined with the above two symptoms there is usually a decline in the daily water use of the crop The refill point may change through the season A potato grower interested in scab control may only want to dry down to a soil moisture deficit of 10 20 mm depending on soil type during the high scab risk period This is commonly less than ha
103. y the meter s battery status Memory Select View Memory to display the number of readings stored and the total available Available memory During any given field session the available memory depends on how many times you change the meter settings The size of the memory also depends on whether you are using a Profile Probe which contains many sensors or a device such as an ML2 with a single sensor See also Maximum Number of Readings on page 83 Table Status Select View Table Status to show what linearisation tables are loaded and their status Note Equitensiometers do not have a table If your table is faulty the HH2 will replace it with the default table See Linearisation Tables Format page 76 for guidance on correcting faulty tables PC Software HH2Read 63 Settings Menu This menu allows you to select the COM port 1 or 2 and to set the clock COM1 and COM2 Use the Settings COM1 or COM2 command to identify the serial communications port of your PC This requires a 9 pin D connector at the back of your PC for your RS232 cable If you do not have one get and install a USB to RS232 converter Clock The Settings Clock command displays the Set Clock dialog 03 April 2000 X 09 45 44 Cancel The current date and time setting for your computer is displayed in grey and the Set to System box is checked The date and time format may be different depending on the Regional Settings for your computer

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