BOXER User Guide Version 3.3 (November 2004) The “Boxer
Contents
1. Assigns the values to the coefficients of the CRAM Berardi et al 1993 formula to compute the distance weights in the azimuth determination algorithm see Gasperini et al 1999 Al a bVD where A is the difference between epicentral and local intensity and D is the epicentral distance Default values were empirically estimated for Italy by Gasperini et al 1999 Parameter field 1 Name Acram Function a coefficient of the CRAM equation Columns 11 20 Type Real Default 0 46 2 Name Bcram Function b coefficient of the CRAM equation Columns 21 30 Type Real Default 0 93 Additional data cards None Example a lt r se CRAMCOEF 0 3 1 1 FILE Assigns the name of the macroseismic data file containing the event summary records as well as the intensity observation records Parameter field 1 Name Filename Function name of the input data file Columns 11 80 Type Alphanumeric Default INPUT DAT Additional data cards none Example a l coso s 5 FILE INPUT2 DAT FORMATE Allows to indicate the Fortran format embedded in parenthesis of the event summary records in the input data file It must contain 9 or 11 fields in the following order Year integer Month integer Day integer Hour integer Minute integer Second integer Epicentral Area alphanumeric Magnitude real Number of intensity points integer Tabulation T fields can be used to accomplish this order if differe2. Direct the program to use the magnitude value specified on the event summary line instead of the computed one Parameter field none Additional data cards none Example WIDCOEF Assigns the values of the coefficients of the formula to compute fault width from magnitude Log W a bM where M is the magnitude and W is the fault length in kilometers Default values are empirical estimates for subsurface rupture width of all types of fault made by Wells and Coppersmith 1993 as a function of moment magnitude Parameter field 1 Name Alen Function a coefficient of the fault width formula Columns 11 20 Type Real Default 1 01 2 Name Blen Function b coefficient of the fault width formula Columns 21 30 Type Real Default 0 32 Additional data cards None Example WIDCOEF 1 3 0 29 References Berardi R C Petrungaro L Zonetti L Magri and M Mucciarelli 1993 Mappe di sismicita per l area Italiana ISMES ENEL 51 pp Boschi E G Ferrari P Gasperini E Guidoboni G Smriglio and G Valensise 1995 Catalogo dei forti terremoti in Italia dal 461 a C al 1980 ING SGA Bologna 973 pp and a CD ROM Boschi E E Guidoboni G Ferrari G Valensise and P Gasperini 1997 Catalogo dei forti terremoti in Italia dal 461 a C al 1990 ING SGA Bologna 644 pp and a CD ROM Gasperini P and G Ferrari 1995 Stima dei parametri sintetici in E Boschi et al Eds Catalogo dei Forti Terre
3. BOXER User Guide Version 3 3 November 2004 The Boxer program was written by Paolo Gasperini in the April of 1999 It is a revised and simplified version of several computer codes which starting from 1993 have been developed by the author with the contribution of Filippo Bernardini and Graziano Ferrari to compute focal parameters of earthquakes from macroseismic data and have also been actually used to compute synthetic earthquake parameters for the Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia dal 461 a C al 1990 Boschi et al 1995 1997 the Catalogo Parametrico dei terremoti Italiani CPTI Gruppo di lavoro CPTI 1999 and to make the computation of the BSSA paper by Gasperini et al 1999 The program also took advantage of important improvements made by Gianfranco Vannucci particularly regarding the code to generate MapInfo and GMT files and by Gianluca Valensise who also suggested the name While the macroseismic epicenters epicentral intensities and azimuths computed by Boxer fully coincide with those published in the above cited papers the magnitudes may slightly differ some tenth of magnitude unit at most due to some differences in the relative weighting of various intensity classes A description of the procedure to compute the azimuth and to draw the boxes representing the seismogenic structures can be found in Gasperini et al 1999 More details on the computation of epicenter and magnitude are reported by Gasperini
4. FORMATE Specifies the Fortran format of the event summary records of the input data file FORMAT I Specifies the Fortran format of the intensity observation records of the input data file LENGCOEF Assigns coefficients of the fault length formula MAGCOEF Assigns coefficients of the magnitude formula using the isoseismal area method MAPINFO Directs the program to produce import files for MapInfo M IOCOEF Assigns coefficients of the magnitude intensity formula OUTLOOK Directs the program to write a fixed format summary file OUTPUT Selects the type of output SELMAG Defines the minimum magnitude for azimuth computations USEMAG Directs the program to use the magnitude reported on the event summary record WIDCOEF Assigns coefficients of the fault width formula A detailed explanation of the format of each option card is given below AZPAR Assigns the values of the minimum allowed number of data points and the maximum allowed number of half degree decrements with respect to maximum intensity in the azimuth computation algorithm see Gasperini et al 1999 Parameter field 1 Name Nmin Function minimum allowed number of data points Columns 11 15 Type Integer Default 3 2 Name Ndecr Function maximum allowed number of half degree decrements with respect to maximum intensity Columns 16 20 Type Integer Default 4 Additional data cards None Example l c uso l cco e Di cuscasa AZPAR 6 4 CRAMCOEF
5. and Ferrari 1995 1997 2000 Changes with respect to previous versions This last release implements an improved method to compute magnitude using a weighting scheme also including the reliability of empirical regressions for each intensity class see the description of option card MAGCOFEF As well a procedure to compute the necessary coefficients of magnitude intensity relations is also provided see description of option card COMPCOEF This new method has been actually used for revaluing the magnitudes in the historical seismic catalog Gruppo di Lavoro CPTI 2004 in the framework of the recent INGV initiative for the computation of the new seismic hazard map of Italy Gruppo di Lavoro Mappa di Pericolosita Sismica 2004 However the default magnitude assessment method even for this version remains the same of previous ones Therefore to use the new method this must be explicitly selected by the MAGCOEF option card In this manual we also describe the previously undocumented option card MAPINFO directing the program to write import files for the MapInfo Graphic Information System GIS and the new GMT option card that activate the writing of input files for plot epicenters and boxes with the General Mapping Tool Wessel and Smith 1991 Other minor changes concerned the formats of input output files FORMATI and FORMATE option cards All significantly modified portion of the text below with respect to previous versions are highlighted with a
6. e reported on data cards described below For the newer one three additional parameters are needed for each intensity class the standard deviation of the regression the weight normalization factor corresponding to number of intensity observation for a unit weight and the number of degrees of freedom of the regression the number of data minus the number of free parameters If the latter is different from zero for all of intensity classes the newer weighting method is selected In absence of a MAGCOEF option card or if the third parameter is zero or blank for at least one intensity class the older weighting method is used Default values are empirical estimates made for Italy from the data of the Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia dal 461 a C al 1990 2 Boschi et al 1997 in terms of moment magnitude Parameter field 1 Name Ncoef Function number of intensity classes used to compute magnitude Columns 11 15 Type Integer Default 10 Additional data cards Card 1 1 Name Aiv Function Lower limit of the intensity class the higher limit is specified in the next card Columns 1 15 Type real Default see below 2 Name Coef 1 Function a coefficient of the Sibol et al 1987 formula Type real Columns 16 30 Default see below 3 Name Coef 2 Function b coefficient of the Sibol et al 1987 formula Type real Columns 31 45 Default see below 4 Name Coef 1 3 Function c coefficient of the Sibol et al 1987
7. f Input and output The program reads optional parameters from the file INPPARM DAT The earthquake data are read instead from a separate file whose name and format can be specified by the user see below Both summary data for each earthquake date magnitude etc and the list of intensity observations are read from this file All the files must reside in the same folder with the program executable The program creates two kind of output a shorter one on the file OUTSUMMARY DAT which contains a record for each earthquake including source parameters and a longer one on the file OUTFULL DAT also including details of computations Option cards on file INPPARM DAT Each option card includes a verb field from columns 1 to 10 and in most cases even a parameters field from columns 11 to 80 Some option cards are followed by one or more additional data cards with a parameters field from columns 1 to 80 The verb identifies the scope of the card and must be written from column 1 with either upper or lower case characters A percent character in column 1 indicates that the card is a comment and thus the program ignores its content An alphabetical list of the available option cards follows AZPAR Assigns parameters of the azimuth computation algorithm CRAMCOEF Assigns coefficient of the distance weighting formula in the azimuth algorithm FILE Defines the name of the macroseismic input data file
8. formula Type real Columns 46 60 Default see below 5 Name Stdr 1 Function standard deviation of the regression for new weighting method only Type real Columns 61 68 Default see below 6 Name Avme 1 Function weight normalization factor for new weighting method only Type real Columns 69 76 Default see below 7 Name Idfe 1 Function degrees of freedom of regression for new weighting method only Type integer Columns 77 80 Default see below Cards 2 to Ncoef Same as Card 1 for different intensity classes with increasing intensity Example The example values are the default ones 1 11 21 cal 41 Sil 61 MAGCOEF 10 Ze 3 554 0 025 0 024 Sa 3 422 0 038 0 023 4 3 034 0 074 02019 4 5 4 340 0 022 0 015 5a 3 217 Oe 103 0 012 6 3 829 0 070 0 015 6 5 4 198 0 094 0 009 T 4 394 0091 0 009 S 5 078 0 210 0 000 3h 5 348 0 116 0 000 MAPINFO Direct the program to produce import files to create tables for MapInfo The 5 binary digits of the parameter activate 1 or deactivate 0 the writing of import files for MapInfo tables of Summary files of epicenters file names epi_input mid and epi_input mif Summary files of boxes and circles file names box_input mid box_input mif cir_input mid and cir_input mif Single files for epicenters file names ep_year_month_day_area mid and ep_year_month_day_area mid Single files for boxes or circles file names bx_year_month_day_area mid and bx_year_month_day_area mid S
9. ger and J B Birch 1987 Estimations of magnitudes in central and eastern North America using Intensity and Felt Area Bull Seism Soc Am 77 1635 1654 Wells D L and K J Coppersmith 1994 New empirical relationships among magnitude rupture length rupture width rupture area and surface displacement Bull Seism Soc Am 84 974 1 002 Wessel P and W H F Smith 1991 Free software helps map and display data EOS Trans Am Geophys Un 72 441
10. ingle files for intensity observation file names M I0COEF Assigns the values of the coefficients of the formula to compute macroseismic magnitude from epicentral intensity alone when the data are not sufficient to apply the areal method see Gasperini et al 1999 M a bh where M is the magnitude and the epicentral intensity Ms 0 94 0 13 0 56 0 017 J Log M 19 3 0 3 0 96 0 06 Ms 20 20 0 5381 Mw 10 7 2 3Log M 2 768 0 35841 Parameter field 1 Name Aint Function a coefficient of the M I0 equation Columns 11 20 Type Real Default 2 768 2 Name Bint Function b coefficient of the M I0 equation Columns 21 30 Type Real Default 0 3584 Additional data cards None Example eee Jiss 2 M IOCOEF Teb 0 5 OUTLOOK undocumented Direct the program to write a fixed format summary file OUTPUT Select type of output 1 normal output gt 1 long output Parameter field 1 Name Jout Function type of output Columns 11 15 Type Integer Default 1 Additional data cards None Example OUTPUT 2 SELMAG Direct the program to compute the azimuth only for earthquakes with magnitude larger than a given threshold Parameter field 1 Name Aminmg Function minimum magnitude threshold above which the azimuth is computed Columns 11 15 Type Real Default none no threshold Additional data cards none Example a Wecen Soe SELMAG 5 5 USEMAG
11. moti in Italia dal 461 a C al 1980 ING SGA publ 96 111 Gasperini P and G Ferrari 1997 Stima dei parametri sintetici nuove elaborazioni in E Boschi et al Eds Catalogo dei Forti Terremoti in Italia dal 461 a C al 1990 ING SGA publ 56 64 Gasperini P and G Ferrari 2000 Deriving numerical estimates from descriptive information the computation of earthquake parameters Annali di Geofisica 43 729 746 Gasperini P Bernardini F Valensise G and Boschi E 1999 Defining Seismogenic Sources from Historical Earthquake Felt Reports Bull Seism Soc Am 89 94 110 Gruppo di Lavoro CPTI 2004 a cura di Gasperini P Camassi R Mirto C e Stucchi M Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani versione 2004 CPTI04 INGV Bologna http emidius mi ingv it CPTI Gruppo di Lavoro Mappa di Pericolosit Sismica Stucchi M Akinci A Faccioli E Gasperini P Malagnini L Meletti C Montaldo V e Valensise G 2004 Redazione della mappa di pericolosit sismica prevista dell ordinanza PCM del 20 marzo 2003 n 3274 All 1 INGV Milano disponibile a http zonesismiche mi ingv it documenti rapporto_conclusivo pdf Hanks T C e Kanamori H 1979 A moment magnitude scale J Geophys Res 84 2348 2350 Rebez A and Stucchi M 1999 Determinazione dei coefficienti della relazione tabellare Io Ms in Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani ING GNDT SGA SSN 90 pp Sibol M S G A Bollin
12. n a coefficient of the fault length formula Columns 11 20 Type Real Default 2 44 2 Name Blen Function b coefficient of the fault length formula Columns 21 30 Type Real Default 0 59 Additional data cards None Example a j Ss LENGCOEF 2 11 0 65 M a bLog A c where A is the isoseismal area for the i th intensity class which is computed as ACIR where R in Km is the average epicentral distance of localities belonging to the i th intensity class The magnitude of an earthquake is computed as the weighted average of the single estimates made using the intensity classes available for the given earthquake If the number of intensity classes is 4 or larger the largest and lowest estimates are trimmed off the averaging Two different methods can be selected to weight the estimates made by different intensity classes For the older one the only one available in previous versions of Boxer the weight is simply assumed inversely proportional to the square of the logarithm of the number of available intensity observations For the newer one the weight is inversely proportional to the number of intensity observations and to the square of regression standard deviation for the corresponding intensity class computed during the coefficient computation run activated by COMPCOEF card For the older method only the values of the 3 coefficients of Sibol et al 1987 formula and the limits of intensity classes need to b
13. nt Parameter field none Additional data cards Card 1 1 Name Formate Function Fortran format of event summary records Columns 1 80 Type Alphanumeric Default I15 512 15X A20 1X F5 1 1X 15 Example FORMATE 8x 15 513 1X A20 64x F3 2 T58 I4 FORMATI Allows to specify the Fortran format embedded in parenthesis of the intensity observation records in the input data file It must contain 4 fields in the following order Latitude real Longitude real Intensity real Locality name alphanumeric Tabulation T fields can be used to accomplish this order if different Latitude and longitude must be given in decimal degrees not degrees and primes West longitudes can be specified with a negative sign Uncertain intensity values i e VII VIII may be given as fractional i e 7 5 Parameter field none Additional data cards Card 1 Name Formati Function Fortran format of intensity data records Columns 1 80 Type Alphanumeric Default 2F7 3 1X F4 1 1X A20 Example FORMATI 48X 2F8 4 F6 1 T30 A20 LENGCOEF Assigns the values to the coefficients of the formula used to compute fault length from magnitude Log L a bM where M is the magnitude and L is the fault length in kilometers Default values are empirical estimates for subsurface rupture length of all types of fault madeby Wells and Coppersmith 1993 as a function of moment magnitude Parameter field 1 Name Alen Functio
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